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{ "aliases": [ "ഭാരത മഹാരാജ്യം", "هندستانڀارت،", "भारतीय गणराज्याच्या", "Bhārtiya Prajāsattāk", "Indian Republic", "ভারতরাষ্টৃ", "Indian republic", "ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ", "Union of India", "இந்தியக் குடியரசு", "भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक", "India (country)", "ISO 3166-1:IN", "Indea", "Etymology of India", "ভারত গণরাজ্য", "Republic Of India", "INDIA", "ભારતીય ગણતંત્ર", "ভারত", "Republic of India", "Les Indes", "Bhārat Gaṇarājya", "جمہوٗرِیت بًارت", "भारतमहाराज्यम्", "Indya", "Bharat Ganrajya", "جمہوریہ بھارت", "இந்திய", "ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ", "भारत गणराज्य", "Republic of india", "जुम्हूरियत भारत", "Hindio", "The Republic of India", "భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము", "India's", "Hindistan", "ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ", "Bhart", "India", "భారత రిపబ్లిక్", "India.", "ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য", "Indian State", "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3/IND", "ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము", "భారత రిపబ్లిక్", "bhārtiya prajāsattāk", "republic of india", "ভারত", "hindio", "ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ", "भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक", "ભારતીય ગણતંત્ર", "indea", "ভারত গণরাজ্য", "இந்தியக் குடியரசு", "india country", "les indes", "هندستانڀارت،", "etymology of india", "भारतमहाराज्यम्", "india", "جمہوٗرِیت بًارت", "भारतीय गणराज्याच्या", "ভারতরাষ্টৃ", "india s", "ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র", "ഭാരത മഹാരാജ്യം", "bhārat gaṇarājya", "ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য", "ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ", "இந்திய", "जुम्हूरियत भारत", "union of india", "hindistan", "indya", "bhart", "iso 3166 1 in", "bharat ganrajya", "भारत गणराज्य", "indian republic", "ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ", "indian state", "جمہوریہ بھارت", "iso 3166 1 alpha 3 ind" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "india", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "India" }

[ { "answer": "India", "passage": "Howrah Bridge is a cantilever bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. Commissioned in 1943, the bridge was originally named the New Howrah Bridge, because it replaced a pontoon bridge at the same location linking the two cities of Howrah and Kolkata (Calcutta). On 14 June 1965 it was renamed Rabindra Setu after the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, who was the first Indian and Asian Nobel laureate. It is still popularly known as the Howrah Bridge.", "precise_score": 8.700281143188477, "rough_score": 4.260100841522217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Kolkata was declared the capital of India by the British and remained so till 1911. The railway station at Howrah set up in the year 1906 and the bridge (later popularly known as Howrah Bridge) thus served as the logistic link with the country's one of the oldest metropolies, Kolkata. The Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal", "precise_score": 6.589249134063721, "rough_score": 5.733297824859619, "source": "search", "title": "History - Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "The emergence of Kolkata as the political capital of the nation and expanding volume of merchandise routed through the port of Kolkata had a synergistic effect on the commercial importance of the bridge.  The location of the initial pontoon bridge, was around 100 yards down-stream of the present Howrah Bridge (renamed as Rabindra Setu in the year 1965) after Rabindranath Tagore, the philosopher - bard and one of the most important nineteenth century renaissance personalities to leave a lasting impression on modern India.", "precise_score": 4.759200572967529, "rough_score": 4.091643810272217, "source": "search", "title": "History - Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "22.5851 88.3469 1 Howrah Bridge (Officially: Rabindra Setu). The eastern rail terminus for Indian railways is at Howrah. An estimated two million people use Howrah station every day. Howrah station is Kolkata's main railway station and in order to go to Kolkata some use the ferry, a few hire taxis but most use buses or walk across the bridge. The area around Howrah station and Howrah Bridge has grown as a world of its own, catering to the needs of a huge floating population. The 705 m (2,313.0 ft) long Howrah Bridge is a cantilever bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly River, commissioned in 1943. - This bridge frames the skyline of the riverfront. The ambience is as amicable and profound as the river that flows alongside. But, turn back to your trail of discovery. Dalhousie Square was the administrative centre for British India. On one side is the General Post Office, a majestic specimen of Edwardian architecture. It is built on the site of the original Fort William. On the other side stands Writers’ Building, a massive Gothic structure with lonic pillars – still the house of political power. ", "precise_score": 6.037618637084961, "rough_score": 1.9526724815368652, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "22.5569 88.3277 3 Vidyasagar Setu. With a total length of 823 m (2,700 ft), Vidyasagar Setu is the longest cable–stayed bridge in India and one of the longest in Asia. It was built 3.7 km south/ downstream of Howrah Bridge. The bridge was commissioned in 1992 ", "precise_score": 3.9068374633789062, "rough_score": 3.3967013359069824, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "In 1862, the Government of Bengal asked George Turnbull, Chief Engineer of the East India Railway Company to study the feasibility of bridging the Hooghly River — he had recently established the company's rail terminus in Howrah. He reported on 29 March with large-scale drawings and estimates that: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.441113471984863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "In 1906 the Port Commission appointed a committee headed by R.S. Highet, Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway and W.B. MacCabe, Chief Engineer, Calcutta Corporation. They submitted a report stating that", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435050964355469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "The bridge does not have nuts and bolts, but was formed by riveting the whole structure. It consumed 26,500 tons of steel, out of which 23,000 tons of high-tensile alloy steel, known as Tiscrom, were supplied by Tata Steel. The main tower was constructed with single monolith caissons of dimensions 55.31 x 24.8 m with 21 shafts, each 6.25 metre square. The Chief Engineer of the Port Trust, Mr. J. McGlashan, wanted to replace the pontoon bridge, with a permanent structure, as the present bridge interfered with North/South river traffic. Work could not be started as World War I (1914-1918) broke out. Then in 1926 a commission under the Chairmanship of Sir R. N. Mukherjee recommended a suspension bridge of a particular type to be built across the River Hoogly. The bridge was designed by one Mr.Walton of M/s Rendel, Palmer & Triton. The order for construction and erection was placed on M/s.Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company in 1939. Again World War II (1939-1945 ) intervened. All the steel that was to come from England were diverted for war effort in Europe. Out of 26,000 tons of steel, that was required for the bridge, only 3000 tons were supplied from England. In spite of the Japanese threat the then ( British ) Government of India pressed on with the construction. Tata Steel were asked to supply the remaining 23,000 tons of high tension steel. The Tatas developed the quality of steel required for the bridge and called it Tiscom. The entire 23,000 tons was supplied in time. The fabrication and erection work was awarded to a local engineering firm of Howrah - The Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Company. The two anchorage caissons were each 16.4 m by 8.2 m, with two wells 4.9 m square. The caissons were so designed that the working chambers within the shafts could be temporarily enclosed by steel diaphragms to allow work under compressed air if required. The caisson at Kolkata side was set at 31.41 m and that at Howrah side at 26.53 m below ground level.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.771684646606445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "One night, during the process of grabbing out the muck to enable the caisson to move, the ground below it yielded, and the entire mass plunged two feet, shaking the ground. The impact of this was so intense that the seismograph at Kidderpore registered it as an earthquake and a Hindu temple on the shore was destroyed, although it was subsequently rebuilt. While muck was being cleared, numerous varieties of objects were brought up, including anchors, grappling irons, cannons, cannonballs, brass vessels, and coins dating back to the East India Company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36460018157959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "The entire project cost 25 million (£2,463,887). The project was a pioneer in bridge construction, particularly in India, but the government did not have a formal opening of the bridge due to fears of attacks by Japanese planes fighting the Allied Powers. Japan had attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The first vehicle to use the bridge was a solitary tram.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.655028820037842, "source": "wiki", "title": "Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "The Commissioners of Port of Calcutta instituted a Committee under the convenorship of Mr. John Scott, the then Chief Engineer of the Port. The other members included Mr. R.S. Highet, Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway and Mr. W.B. MacCabe Chief Engineer, Calcutta Corporation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395062446594238, "source": "search", "title": "History - Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "The city has the oldest major port of India (Port of Calcutta - 1870) and the first underground railways in 1984 apart from housing the largest library (The National Library) and Museum (The Indian Museum etc.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.822805404663086, "source": "search", "title": "History - Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "With the phenomenal increase in city traffic and to partially release the pressures of the Rabinda Setu,  the largest cable stayed bridge (in Asia) over the River Hooghly was constructed  by a consortium of India", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.280699729919434, "source": "search", "title": "History - Howrah Bridge" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "It took nearly about 7 long years to construct the Howrah Bridge. The cantilever bridge of Howrah was completed in 1943. The Howrah Bridge in Kolkata was opened to traffic and public in the same year. The total expenditure of making the bridge was nearly ?2,500,000. The Howrah Bridge of Kolkata was built by riveting the whole structure and you will not find the use of nuts or bolts. Today, Howrah Bridge acts as the gateway to Kolkata, connecting the city to the Howrah Station, the main railway stations of the city and the busiest railway stations of India.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7881472706794739, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge , Kolkata - Maps of India" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Howrah Station serves as a terminal for two railway zones of India, namely the Eastern Railway and the South Eastern Railway. There are six other railway stations within the city, including the railway junction at Santragachhi and the terminal at Shalimar Station; all the six belong to the South Eastern Railway network. Two national highways, namely the NH 2 and NH 6 are connected to Vidyasagar Setu via Kona Expressway. Bengal Engineering College is presently a prestigious university of the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0913519859313965, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge,West Bengal - siliconindia" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "History of Howrah, dates back to 500 years when Venetian explorer Ceasare de Federici traveled India during 1565-79. He mentioned a place called Buttor in his journal circa 1578. Following his description, Howrah was the place up to which large ships could travel (in the Hooghly River) and so, it was the dock for loading and unloading goods for those ships. This place is specialised with the modern day neighbourhood Bator of Howrah.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.704707145690918, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge,West Bengal - siliconindia" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "In 1713, the Bengal Council of British East India Company, on the accession of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar, grand son of Aurangzeb, to the throne of Delhi, sent a deputation to him with a petition for a settlement of five villages on west bank of Hooghly river along with thirty-three villages on the east bank. The five villages on the west bank on Hooghly river were `Salica` (Salkia), `Harirah` (Howrah), `Cassundeah` (Kasundia), `Ramkrishnopoor` (Ramkrishnapur), and `Battar` (Bator). These places were identifiable with localities of modern day Howrah city. In 1787, the Hooghly district was formed, and till 1819, the whole of the present day Howrah district was added to it. The Howrah district was separated from the Hooghly district in 1843.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4723381996154785, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge,West Bengal - siliconindia" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "By 1914 almost every major city in India was served by the Railways and the increased demand for its rolling stocks and repair works resulted in the establishment of railway workshop in Howrah. Today, Howrah is famous for Howrah Station and Howrah Bridge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5750578045845032, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge,West Bengal - siliconindia" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Howrah station is a major railway station serving Howrah, Kolkata and the other neighbouring districts. It was established in 1854; railway line constructed here connected it to the coalfields of the Bardhaman. This station is now part of two zones of Indian Railway, the Eastern Railway and the South Eastern Railway and it is connected to most of the major cities of India. Hooghly River flows between the twin cities of Howrah and Kolkata. The picturesque Howrah Bridge (Rabindra Setu), a beam bridge with one endpoint next to Howrah station, and Vidyasagar Setu, a cable-stayed bridge with one endpoint near Shalimar station, connects the two cities. Both the bridges are counted among the longest ones in the world within their types. Also, between various jetties in Howrah and Kolkata, there are ferry services available, which were introduced during the 1970`s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.0885167121887207, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge,West Bengal - siliconindia" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Total road length in Howrah is approximately 300 km. Grand Trunk Road starts from Indian Botanical Gardens in Howrah. This road was built by the Public Works Department of the British administration. Howrah has eventually become a place of tourist interest. Shibpur is a neighbourhood in south Howrah, near Vidyasagar Setu. Through the centuries it has been synonymous with the Great Banyan tree. The Great Banyan Tree boasts of having the largest canopy in the world. This tree continues to grow and covers many city blocks and looks like a forest. The British established the Indian Botanical Gardens in 1786 between the Great Banyan Tree and the Hooghly River. Situated in Shibpur, The Bengal Engineering College is the second oldest engineering college in India.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8274922370910645, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah Bridge,West Bengal - siliconindia" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Howrah is a city in Southeast Bengal in India , west of Kolkata , across the Hooghly River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.931460857391357, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Howrah Railway Station is the largest station complex in the country. The headquarters of Eastern Railways, it is well-connected to other parts of India.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8927061557769775, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "22.56 88.29 1 Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (situated in the Southern part of Howrah, about 3km from Howrah station, get there by bus or taxi - depending on traffic it will take you anything between 25-45 minutes). Mar-Sept: 5am-5.30pm; Oct-Feb: 5.30am-5pm. An extraordinary place of vivid nature under the smog filled sky of the city. You will value the silence that is only filled by some birds singing. Nature is wonderfully beautiful here foreigners: ₹50; Indians: ₹5. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.138641357421875, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "22.56301 88.32310 1 Avani Riverside Mall , 32 Jagat Banerjee Ghat Road, Howrah (On way to Kolkata - From Prinsep Ghat Railway Station (1 km) take a trip to Dinobondhu College Bus Stop 0.5 km -),  ☎ +91 33 3312-9000 , fax: +91-33-2289-5811/12FORMAT. 11 AM to 10 PM. This three storey mall contains East India's first PVR cinema hall. Large food court and many shops. Free. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.589948654174805, "source": "search", "title": "Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage" } ]

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[ { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "* Brunei was responsible for its internal administration.", "precise_score": -4.780158996582031, "rough_score": -4.057075500488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "* Brunei was granted full internal self-government", "precise_score": -6.594553470611572, "rough_score": -2.0598528385162354, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "On 7 January 1979, another treaty was signed between Brunei and the UK. It was signed with Lord Goronwy-Roberts being the representative of the UK. This agreement granted Brunei to take over international responsibilities as an independent nation. Britain agreed to assist Brunei in diplomatic matters. 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Speedboats provide passenger and goods transportation to the Temburong district. The main highway running across Brunei is the Tutong-Muara Highway. The country's road network is well developed. Brunei has one main sea port located at Muara.", "precise_score": -3.66011381149292, "rough_score": 2.9207329750061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The airport in Brunei is currently being extensively upgraded. Changi Airport International is the consultant working on this modernisation, which planned cost is currently $150 million. This project is slated to add 14000 m2 of new floorspace and includes a new terminal and arrival hall. 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Brunei is proud of its distinction as a member of the P-4, or the four founding members of the TPP. Brunei encourages foreign investment in the domestic economy through various incentives, marketing the country as an opportunity for investors in new industries and economic activities, although oil and gas and government spending still account for most of Brunei’s economic activity. Brunei's non-petroleum industries include manufacturing, construction, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and services. U.S. firms are working in the energy sector, in financial services, and consulting for government projects, and U.S. franchises and brands are opening and thriving in Brunei. U.S. exports to Brunei are on an upward trajectory, particularly in civil and defense-related avionics. Aircraft that Brunei has procured from the United States in recent years include Sikorsky Black Hawk S70i helicopters and Boeing 787 Dreamliners.", "precise_score": -4.4311299324035645, "rough_score": -3.077650308609009, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei's Membership in International Organizations", "precise_score": -0.9725931882858276, "rough_score": 3.880697011947632, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei gives its ASEAN membership the highest priority in its foreign relations. Brunei and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations and forums including the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the East Asia Summit, the ASEAN Regional Forum, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.", "precise_score": -3.7216176986694336, "rough_score": -0.8939288854598999, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The U.S. Ambassador to Brunei is Craig Allen; other principal embassy officials are listed in the Department's Key Officers List .", "precise_score": -6.8179612159729, "rough_score": -3.3883237838745117, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei maintains an embassy in the United States at 3520 International Court, NW, Washington, DC 20008; tel. 202-237-1838.", "precise_score": -3.6546621322631836, "rough_score": 0.7699853777885437, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei (, ), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (, Jawi: ), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 408,786 in July 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.566390514373779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "At the peak of the Bruneian Empire, Sultan Bolkiah (reigned 1485–1528) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo, including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Sulu archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo, Seludong (modern-day Manila), and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The maritime state was visited by Spain's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the 1578 Castille War.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.829732894897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "During the 19th century, the Bruneian Empire began to decline. The Sultanate ceded Sarawak (Kuching) to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah, and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906. After the Japanese occupation during World War II, in 1959 a new constitution was written. In 1962, a small armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.106717109680176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1990s and 2000s, with the GDP increasing 56% from 1999 to 2008, transformed Brunei into an industrialised country. It has developed wealth from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields. Brunei has the second-highest Human Development Index among the Southeast Asia nations, after Singapore, and is classified as a \"developed country\". According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei is ranked fifth in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. The IMF estimated, in 2011, that Brunei was one of two countries (the other being Libya) with a public debt at 0% of the national GDP. Forbes also ranks Brunei as the fifth-richest nation out of 182, based on its petroleum and natural gas fields. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.441374778747559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "According to legend, Brunei was founded by Awang Alak Betatar, later to be Sultan Muhammad Shah. He moved from Garang, a place in the Temburong District to the Brunei River estuary, discovering Brunei. According to legend, upon landing he exclaimed, Baru nah (loosely translated as \"that's it!\" or \"there\"), from which the name \"Brunei\" was derived. He was the first Muslim ruler of Brunei. Before the rise of the Bruneian Empire under the Muslim Bolkiah Dynasty, Brunei is believed to have been under Buddhist rulers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.972370147705078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The earliest recorded documentation by the West about Brunei is by an Italian known as Ludovico di Varthema, who also said the \"Bruneian people have fairer skin tone than the peoples he met in Maluku Islands\". On his documentation back to 1550;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.984384536743164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "We arrived at the island of Bornei (Brunei or Borneo), which is distant from the Maluch about two hundred miles, and we found that it was somewhat larger than the aforesaid and much lower. The people are pagans and are men of goodwill. Their colour is whiter than that of the other sort....in this island justice is well administered... ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.211541175842285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "However, scholars claim that the power of the Sultanate of Brunei was at its peak between the 15th and 17th centuries, with its power extending from northern Borneo to the southern Philippines. By the 16th century, Islam was firmly rooted in Brunei, and the country had built one of its biggest mosques. In 1578, Alonso Beltrán, a Spanish traveller, described it as being five stories tall and built on the water. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.463681221008301, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "European influence gradually brought an end to the regional power, as Brunei entered a period of decline compounded by internal strife over royal succession. Since the Spanish regarded Brunei the center of Islamic preaching in the Philippines Spain declared war in 1578, planning to attack and capture Kota Batu, Brunei's capital at the time. This was based in part on the assistance of two Bruneian noblemen, Pengiran Seri Lela and Pengiran Seri Ratna. The former had travelled to Manila, then the centre of the Spanish colony, Manila itself was captured from Brunei and Christianized, Pengiran Seri Lela came to offer Brunei as a tributary to Spain for help to recover the throne usurped by his brother, Saiful Rijal. The Spanish agreed that if they succeeded in conquering Brunei, Pengiran Seri Lela would be appointed as the sultan, while Pengiran Seri Ratna would be the new Bendahara.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.314436912536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "In March 1578, the Spanish fleet had arrived from Mexico and settled at the Philippines, they were led by De Sande, acting as Capitán-General, he organized an expedition from Manila for Brunei. The expedition consisted of 400 Spanish, 1,500 Filipino natives and 300 Borneans. The campaign was one of many, which also included action in Mindanao and Sulu. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.882061958312988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The Spanish invaded the capital on 16 April 1578, with the help of Pengiran Seri Lela and Pengiran Seri Ratna. The Sultan Saiful Rijal and Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Abdul Kahar were forced to flee to Meragang then to Jerudong. In Jerudong, they made plans to chase the conquering army away from Brunei. Suffering high fatalities due to a cholera or dysentery outbreak, the Spanish decided to abandon Brunei and returned to Manila on 26 June 1578, after 72 days. Before doing so, they burned the mosque, a high structure with a five-tier roof. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.717446327209473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Pengiran Seri Lela died in August or September 1578, probably from the same illness suffered by his Spanish allies. There was suspicion he could have been poisoned by the ruling sultan. Seri Lela's daughter, a Bruneian princess had left with the Spanish, she married a Christian Tagalog, named Agustín de Legazpi de Tondo. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.704816818237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The local Brunei accounts differ greatly from the generally accepted view of events. What was called the Castilian War was seen as a heroic episode, with the Spaniards being driven out by Bendahara Sakam, purportedly a brother of the ruling sultan, and a thousand native warriors. Most historians consider this to be a folk-hero account, which probably developed decades or centuries after. The country suffered a civil war from 1660 to 1673.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.846728324890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The British have intervened in the affairs of Brunei on several occasions. Britain attacked Brunei in July 1846 due to internal conflicts over who was the rightful Sultan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.658100605010986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "In the 1880s, the decline of the Bruneian Empire continued. The sultan granted land (now Sarawak) to James Brooke, who had helped him quell a rebellion and allowed him to establish the Kingdom of Sarawak. Over time, Brooke and his nephews (who succeeded him) leased or annexed more land. Brunei lost much of its territory to him and his dynasty, known as the White Rajahs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.280997276306152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin appealed to the British to stop further encroachment by the Brookes. The \"Treaty of Protection\" was negotiated by Sir Hugh Low and signed into effect on 17 September 1888. The treaty said that the sultan \"could not cede or lease any territory to foreign powers without British consent\"; it provided Britain effective control over Brunei's external affairs, making it a British protectorate (which continued until 1984). But, when the Kingdom of Sarawak annexed Brunei's Pandaruan District in 1890, the British did not take any action to stop it. They did not regard either Brunei or the Kingdom of Sarawak as 'foreign' (per the Treaty of Protection). This final annexation by Sarawak left Brunei with its current small land mass and separation into two parts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.11402702331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "British residents were introduced in Brunei under the Supplementary Protectorate Agreement in 1906. The residents were to advise the sultan on all matters of administration. Over time, the resident assumed more executive control than the sultan. The residential system ended in 1959. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.34315824508667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Petroleum was discovered in 1929 after several fruitless attempts. Two men, F.F. Marriot and T.G. Cochrane, smelled oil near the Seria river in late 1926. They informed a geophysicist, who conducted a survey there. In 1927, gas seepages were reported in the area. Seria Well Number One (S-1) was drilled on 12 July 1928. Oil was struck at 297 m on 5 April 1929. Seria Well Number 2 was drilled on 19 August 1929, and, , continues to produce oil. Oil production was increased considerably in the 1930s with the development of more oil fields. In 1940, oil production was at more than six million barrels. The British Malayan Petroleum Company (now Brunei Shell Petroleum Company) was formed on 22 July 1922. The first offshore well was drilled in 1957. Oil and natural gas have been the basis of Brunei's development and wealth since the late 20th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.552962303161621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The Japanese invaded Brunei on 16 December 1941, eight days after their attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States Navy. They landed 10,000 troops of the Kawaguchi Detachment from Cam Ranh Bay at Kuala Belait. After six days fighting, they occupied the entire country. The only Allied troops in the area were the 2nd Battalion of the 15th Punjab Regiment based at Kuching, Sarawak. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.416387557983398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Once the Japanese occupied Brunei, they made an agreement with Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin over governing the country. Inche Ibrahim (known later as Pehin Datu Perdana Menteri Dato Laila Utama Awang Haji Ibrahim), a former Secretary to the British Resident, Ernest Edgar Pengilly, was appointed Chief Administrative Officer under the Japanese Governor. The Japanese had proposed that Pengilly retain his position under their administration, but he declined. Both he and other British nationals still in Brunei were interned by the Japanese at Batu Lintang camp in Sarawak. While the British officials were under Japanese guard, Ibrahim made a point of personally shaking each one by the hand and wishing him well. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.502924919128418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The Sultan retained his throne and was given a pension and honours by the Japanese. During the later part of the occupation, he resided at Tantuya, Limbang and had little to do with the Japanese. Most of the Malay government officers were retained by the Japanese. Brunei's administration was reorganised into five prefectures, which included British North Borneo. The Prefectures included Baram, Labuan, Lawas, and Limbang. Ibrahim hid numerous significant government documents from the Japanese during the occupation. Pengiran Yusuf (later YAM Pengiran Setia Negara Pengiran Haji Mohd Yusuf), along with other Bruneians, was sent to Japan for training. Although in the area the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Yusuf survived.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.781258583068848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The airport runway was constructed by the Japanese during the occupation, and in 1943 Japanese naval units were based in Brunei Bay and Labuan. The naval base was destroyed by Allied bombing, but the airport runway survived. The facility was developed as a public airport. In 1944 the Allies began a bombing campaign against the occupying Japanese, which destroyed much of the town and Kuala Belait, but missed Kampong Ayer. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.202244758605957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "On 10 June 1945, the Australian 9th Division landed at Muara under Operation Oboe Six to recapture Borneo from the Japanese. They were supported by American air and naval units. Brunei town was bombed extensively and recaptured after three days of heavy fighting. Many buildings were destroyed, including the Mosque. The Japanese forces in Brunei, Borneo, and Sarawak, under Lieutenant-General Masao Baba, formally surrendered at Labuan on 10 September 1945. The British Military Administration took over from the Japanese and remained until July 1946.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.731148719787598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "After World War II, a new government was formed in Brunei under the British Military Administration (BMA). It consisted mainly of Australian officers and servicemen. The administration of Brunei was passed to the Civil Administration on 6 July 1945. The Brunei State Council was also revived that year. The BMA was tasked to revive the Bruneian economy, which was extensively damaged by the Japanese during their occupation. They also had to put out the fires on the wells of Seria, which had been set by the Japanese prior to their defeat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.458256244659424, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Before 1941, the Governor of the Straits Settlements, based in Singapore, was responsible for the duties of British High Commissioner for Brunei, Sarawak, and North Borneo (now Sabah). The first British High Commissioner for Brunei was the Governor of Sarawak, Sir Charles Ardon Clarke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.350913047790527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The Barisan Pemuda (\"Youth Movement\") (abbreviated as BARIP) was the first political party to be formed in Brunei, on 12 April 1946. The party intended to \"preserve the sovereignty of the Sultan and the country, and to defend the rights of the Malays\". BARIP also contributed to the composition of the country's national anthem. The party was dissolved in 1948 due to inactivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.590198040008545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "In 1959, a new constitution was written declaring Brunei a self-governing state, while its foreign affairs, security, and defence remained the responsibility of the United Kingdom. A small rebellion erupted against the monarchy in 1962, which was suppressed with help of the UK. Known as the Brunei Revolt, it contributed to the failure to create the North Borneo Federation. The rebellion partially affected Brunei's decision to opt out of the Malaysian Federation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.935975074768066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. The official National Day, which celebrates the country's independence, is held by tradition on 23 February.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.891396522521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "In July 1953, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III formed a seven-member committee named Tujuh Serangkai, to find out the citizens' views regarding a written constitution for Brunei. In May 1954, the Sultan, Resident and High Commissioner met to discuss the findings of the committee. They agreed to authorise the drafting of a constitution. In March 1959 Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III led a delegation to London to discuss the proposed Constitution. The British delegation was led by Sir Alan Lennox-Boyd, Secretary of State for the Colonies. The British Government later accepted the draft constitution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.820995330810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "* The Legislative Council of Brunei", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.362346649169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "A series of National Development Plans was initiated by the 28th Sultan of Brunei, Omar Ali Saifuddien III.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.841333389282227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The first was introduced in 1953. A total sum of B$100 million was approved by the Brunei State Council for the plan. E.R. Bevington, from the Colonial Office in Fiji, was appointed to implement it. A $US14 million Gas Plant was built under the plan. In 1954, survey and exploration work were undertaken by the Brunei Shell Petroleum on both offshore and onshore fields. By 1956, production reached 114,700 bpd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.288177490234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "* Brunei and the UK agreed to share the responsibility for security and defence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.499462127685547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "This agreement also caused Gurkha units to be deployed in Brunei, where they remain up to this day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.913586616516113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "In May 1983, it was announced by the UK that the date of independence of Brunei would be 1 January 1984.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.691125869750977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "In October 2013, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah announced his intention to impose Sharia law on the country's Muslims, which take up roughly two thirds of the country's population. This would be implemented in three phases, culminating in 2016, and making Brunei the first and only country in East Asia to introduce Sharia law into its penal code. The move attracted international criticism, the United Nations expressing \"deep concern\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.257885932922363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "About 97% of the population lives in the larger western part (Belait, Tutong, and Brunei-Muara), while only about 10,000 people live in the mountainous eastern part (Temburong District). The total population of Brunei is approximately 408,000 , of which around 150,000 live in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. Other major towns are the port town of Muara, the oil-producing town of Seria and its neighbouring town, Kuala Belait. In Belait District, the Panaga area is home to large numbers of Europeans expatriates, due to Royal Dutch Shell and British Army housing, and several recreational facilities are located there. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.818639278411865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Most of Brunei is within the Borneo lowland rain forests ecoregion, which covers most of the island. Areas of mountain rain forests inland. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.115805149078369, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The climate of Brunei is tropical equatorial. The average annual temperature for the two years 2013 and 2014 was , in figures supplied by the Meteorology Department for the weather station located at the airport. In those two years, the highest average temperature for one day was (on 7 May 2014) and the lowest average temperature for one day was (on 22 January 2014).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.78856372833252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei's political system is governed by the constitution and the national tradition of the Malay Islamic Monarchy, the concept of Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB). The three components of MIB cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the political framework under the monarchy. It has a legal system based on English common law, although Islamic shariah law supersedes this in some cases. Brunei has a parliament but there are no elections; the last election was held in 1962. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.972592353820801, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah is the head of state with full executive authority. Since 1962, this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years. Brunei has technically been under martial law since the Brunei Revolt of 1962. Hassanal Bolkiah also serves as the state's Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Defence Minister. The Royal family retains a venerated status within Brunei.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.704539775848389, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Until 1979, Brunei's foreign relations were managed by the UK government. After that, they were handled by the Brunei Diplomatic Service. After independence in 1984, this Service was upgraded to ministerial level and is now known as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.828498363494873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "As an Islamic country, Brunei became a full member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) in January 1984 at the Fourth Islamic Summit held in Morocco. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.363226890563965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "After its accession to the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) in 1989, Brunei hosted the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in November 2000 and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in July 2002. Brunei became a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 1995, and is a major player in BIMP-EAGA, which was formed during the Inaugural Ministers' Meeting in Davao, Philippines on 24 March 1994. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.117883205413818, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei shares a close relationship with Singapore and the Philippines. In April 2009, Brunei and the Philippines signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that seeks to strengthen the bilateral co-operation of the two countries in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9853129386901855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei is one of many nations to lay claim to some of the disputed Spratly Islands. The status of Limbang as part of Sarawak has been disputed by Brunei since the area was first annexed in 1890. The issue was reportedly settled in 2009, with Brunei agreeing to accept the border in exchange for Malaysia giving up claims to oil fields in Bruneian waters. The Brunei government denies this and says that their claim on Limbang was never dropped. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.496299743652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei was the chair for ASEAN in 2013. It also hosted the ASEAN summit on that same year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5333333015441895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "A Bell 212 operated by the air force crashed in Kuala Belait on 20 July 2012 with the loss of 12 of the 14 crew on board. The cause of the accident has yet to be ascertained. The crash is the worst aviation incident in the history of Brunei.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.606515407562256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei’s Legislative Council proposed an increase of the defence budget for the 2016-17 fiscal year of about five per cent to 564 million Brunei dollars ($408 million). This amounts to about ten per cent of the state’s total national yearly expenditure and represents around 2.5 per cent of GDP. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8837409019470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei is divided into four districts (daerahs) and 38 subdistricts (mukims).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.427098274230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The daerah of Temburong is physically separated from the rest of Brunei by the Malaysian state of Sarawak.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.990180969238281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The daerah of Brunei-Maura includes Brunei's capital city, Bandar Seri Begawan, whose suburbs dominate fifteen of the eighteen mukims in this daerah.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.898993968963623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Over 90% of Brunei's total population lives in 15 of the 38 mukims:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8869147300720215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei's small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for about 90% of its GDP. About 167000 oilbbl of oil are produced every day, making Brunei the fourth-largest producer of oil in Southeast Asia. It also produces approximately of liquified natural gas per day, making Brunei the ninth-largest exporter of the substance in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.274285793304443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. Most of these investments are made by the Brunei Investment Agency, an arm of the Ministry of Finance. The government provides for all medical services, and subsidises rice and housing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.240339756011963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei's leaders are very concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion. But, it has become a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. Leaders plan to upgrade the labour force, reduce unemployment, which was at 6.9% in 2014; strengthen the banking and tourism sectors, and, in general, broaden the economic base. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.280922889709473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The government of Brunei has also promoted food self-sufficiency, especially in rice. Brunei renamed its Brunei Darussalam Rice 1 as Laila Rice during the launch of the \"Padi Planting Towards Achieving Self-Sufficiency of Rice Production in Brunei Darussalam\" ceremony at the Wasan padi fields in April 2009. In August 2009, the Royal Family reaped the first few Laila padi stalks, after years of attempts to boost local rice production, a goal first articulated about half a century ago. In July 2009 Brunei launched its national halal branding scheme, Brunei Halal, with a goal to export to foreign markets. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.928069114685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "A new 30 km roadway connecting the Muara and Temburong districts of Brunei is slated to be completed in 2019. Fourteen kilometres (9 mi) of this roadway would be crossing the Brunei Bay. The bridge cost is $1.6 billions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.744321823120117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Bank of China has just (April 2016) received permission to open a branch in Brunei. Citibank, which entered in 1972, closed its operations in Brunei in 2014. HSBC, which had entered in 1947, is currently in the process of closing its operations in the country. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.767082214355469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Ethnicities indigenous to Brunei include the Belait, Brunei Bisaya (not to be confused with the Bisaya/Visaya of the nearby Philippines), indigenous Bruneian Malay, Dusun, Kedayan, Lun Bawang, Murut and Tutong.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.334832191467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The population of Brunei in July 2013 was 415,717 of which 76% live in urban areas. The rate of urbanisation is estimated at 2.13% per year from 2010 to 2015. The average life expectancy is 77.7 years. In 2014, 65.7% of the population were Malay, 10.3% are Chinese, 3.4% are indigenous, with 20.6% smaller groups making up the rest. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.503830909729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The principal spoken language is Melayu Brunei (Brunei Malay). Brunei Malay is rather divergent from standard Malay and the rest of the Malay dialects, being about 84% cognate with standard Malay, and is mostly mutually unintelligible with it. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.863295078277588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Islam is the official religion of Brunei, specifically that of the Sunni branch, as dictated by the Madhhab of Shafi'i. Two-thirds of the population, including the majority of Bruneian Malays and Bruneian Chinese, adhere to Islam. Other faiths practised are Buddhism (13%, mainly by the Chinese) and Christianity (10%). Freethinkers, mostly Chinese, form about 7% of the population. Although most of them practise some form of religion with elements of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, they prefer to present themselves as having practised no religion officially, hence labelled as atheists in official censuses. Followers of indigenous religions are about 2% of the population. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.788783073425293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The culture of Brunei is predominantly Malay (reflecting its ethnicity), with heavy influences from Islam, but is seen as much more conservative than Indonesia and Malaysia. Influences to Bruneian culture come from the Malay cultures of the Malay Archipelago. Four periods of cultural influence have occurred, animist, Hindu, Islamic, and Western. Islam had a very strong influence, and was adopted as Brunei's ideology and philosophy. Brunei's official main language is the Malay language but the English language is also widely spoken as it is considered a compulsory subject in the majority of the schools. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.724055290222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Media in Brunei are said to be pro-government. The country has been given \"Not Free\" status by Freedom House; press criticism of the government and monarchy is rare. Nonetheless, the press is not overtly hostile toward alternative viewpoints and is not restricted to publishing only articles regarding the government. The government allowed a printing and publishing company, Brunei Press PLC, to form in 1953. The company continues to print the English daily Borneo Bulletin. This paper began as a weekly community paper and became a daily in 1990 Apart from The Borneo Bulletin, there is also the Media Permata and Pelita Brunei, the local Malay newspapers which are circulated daily. The Brunei Times is another English independent newspaper published in Brunei since 2006. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3024725914001465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The Brunei government owns and operates six television channels with the introduction of digital TV using DVB-T (RTB 1, RTB 2, RTB 3 (HD), RTB 4, RTB 5 and RTB New Media (Game portal)) and five radio stations (National FM, Pilihan FM, Nur Islam FM, Harmony FM and Pelangi FM). A private company has made cable television available (Astro-Kristal) as well as one private radio station, Kristal FM.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6232099533081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "It also has an online campus radio station, UBD FM that streams from its first university, Universiti Brunei Darussalam' ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.878482818603516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei has numerous courts in its judicial branch. The highest court is the Supreme Court, which consists of the Court of Appeal and High Court. Both of these have a chief justice and two judges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.617722511291504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei's revised penal code came into force on April 22, 2014, stipulating the death penalty for numerous offences, and insult or defamation of the Prophet Mohammed, insulting any verses of the Quran and Hadith, blasphemy, declaring oneself a prophet or non-Muslim, robbery, rape, adultery, sodomy, extramarital sexual relations for Muslims and murder. Stoning to death was the specified \"method of execution for crimes of a sexual nature.\" Rupert Colville, spokesperson for the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) declared that, \"Application of the death penalty for such a broad range of offences contravenes international law.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.586972713470459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Male and female homosexuality is illegal in Brunei. The country passed a law that came into force on 22 April 2014, allowing the death penalty to be administered by stoning for homosexual acts, such as sexual intercourse, given there is enough evidence pointing to the action (i.e. with 4 trusted, impartial, and truthful witnesses in attendance). It has been acknowledged as a crime in Brunei with the introduction of the Sharia law. The law also stipulates that adultery is to be punished with death by stoning given there is enough evidence pointing to the action (i.e. with 4 trusted, impartial, and truthful witnesses in attendance). Without 4 qualified witnesses, there will be no stoning. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.515047073364258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "\"To be quite honest there has been no change for us this year; no new restrictions have been laid down, although we fully respect and adhere to the existing regulations that our celebrations and worship be [confined] to the compounds of the church and private residences,\" according to Bishop Cornelius Sim, head of the Catholic Church in Brunei.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.693159103393555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei is the first country in Asia to ban on shark finning nationwide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.326327323913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Selling other rare animals such as pangolins and endangered birds are considered as a serious crimes, however Brunei is lacking of animal rights enforcers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.188185691833496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "There are four government-run hospitals in Brunei, one for every district. There are also 16 health centres and 10 health clinics. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.16140604019165, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Healthcare in Brunei is charged at B$1 per consultation for citizens and is free for anyone under 12 years old. A health centre run by Brunei Shell Petroleum is located in Panaga. For medical assistance not available in the country, citizens are sent overseas at the government's expense. In the period of 2011–12, 327 patients were treated in Malaysia and Singapore at the cost to the government of $12 million. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.538160800933838, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei has 2.8 hospital beds per 1000 people. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is currently at 0.1%, and numerous AIDS awareness campaigns are currently being held. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.334280967712402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "7.5% of the population are obese, the highest prevalence rate in ASEAN. Also, studies by the Ministry of Health show that at least 20% of schoolchildren in Brunei are either overweight or obese. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.200984477996826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The largest hospital in Brunei is Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital (RIPAS) hospital, which had 550 beds in year 1992, is situated in the country's capital Bandar Seri Begawan. There are two private medical centres, Gleneagles JPMC Sdn Bhd . and Jerudong Park Medical Centre. The Health Promotion Centre opened in November 2008 and serves to educate the public on the importance of having a healthy lifestyle. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.874737739562988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "There is currently no medical school in Brunei, and Bruneians wishing to study to become doctors must attend university overseas. However, the Institute of Medicines had been introduced at the Universiti Brunei Darussalam and a new building has been built for the faculty. The building, including research lab facilities, was completed in 2009. There has been a School of Nursing since 1951. Fifty-eight nurse managers were appointed in RIPAS to improve service and provide better medical care. In December 2008, The nursing college merged with the Institute of Medicines at the Universiti Brunei Darussalam to produce more nurses and midwives. It is now called the PAPRSB (Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'datul Bolkiah) Institute of Health Sciences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.942108154296875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "More information about Brunei is available on the Brunei Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.490662097930908, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "Brunei Darussalam is a Malay Muslim Monarchy located at the heart of Southeast Asia, the focus of the U.S. rebalance to the Asia-Pacific. Although the United States and Brunei concluded their Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce and Navigation in 1850, which is still in effect, the current era of U.S.-Brunei relations began in 1984 when Brunei became fully independent from the United Kingdom and the United States and Brunei established diplomatic relations. A memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was signed in 1994. In 2011, Brunei and the United States held an inaugural Senior Officials Dialogue, creating a new forum for high-level coordination and communication. The most recent iteration of this dialogue was a High-level Officials Meeting in London in November 2015 which covered issues including trade, security, human rights, defense, regional cooperation, and academic exchanges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.200307846069336, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "The two countries work closely together on a bilateral and regional agenda to tackle some of the most pressing issues. The contemporary U.S.-Brunei relationship enters its fourth decade in a position of strength, based on the unprecedentedly intensive and productive bilateral engagement in 2013, when Brunei provided solid leadership for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the 2013 ASEAN Chair. Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military cooperation with the United States, with the annual Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) exercise at the core of the bilateral defense relationship. Bruneian military personnel have attended U.S. military academies and in 2014 the first U.S. military student attended the Brunei Command and Staff Course. The United States and Brunei have also partnered to provide English language instruction in ASEAN countries, promote entrepreneurship, and expand educational opportunities and people-to-people connections. The United States and Brunei share a commitment to protecting the environment and in 2013 Brunei became the first nation in the world to ban all trade relating to sharks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.293214797973633, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "You can learn more from the Embassy webpage at http://brunei.usembassy.gov/ or by following the Embassy on social media including Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter (USEmbassyBSB).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.564531326293945, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" }, { "answer": "BRU", "passage": "More information about Brunei is available from the Department of State and other online sources, some of which are listed here:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.778542995452881, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Brunei" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself \"Oliver Norvell Hardy\", adding the first name \"Oliver\" as a tribute to his father. He appeared as \"Oliver N. Hardy\" in the 1910 U.S. census, and he used \"Oliver\" as his first name in all subsequent legal records, marriage announcements, etc.", "precise_score": 8.064013481140137, "rough_score": 8.094660758972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Hardy" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Unlike his future screen partner Stan Laurel, Hardy did not come from a show business family. He was born Norvell Hardy on January 18, 1892 in Harlem, Georgia. His father was a lawyer who died when Hardy was ten; his mother was a hotel owner in both his native Georgia and in Florida. Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself \"Oliver Norvell Hardy\", with the first name “Oliver” being added as a tribute to his father. He appeared as “Oliver N. Hardy” in the 1910 U.S. census, and in all subsequent legal records, marriage announcements, etc., Hardy used “Oliver” as his first name.", "precise_score": 7.491389274597168, "rough_score": 6.833911895751953, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself \"Oliver Norvell Hardy\", with the first name “Oliver” being added as a tribute to his father. He appeared as “Oliver N. Hardy” in the 1910 U.S. census, and in all subsequent legal records, marriage announcements, etc., Hardy used “Oliver” as his first name.", "precise_score": 8.287901878356934, "rough_score": 8.054173469543457, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Oliver Norvell \"Babe\" Hardy (born Norvell Hardy) (January 18, 1892 – August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor famous as one half of Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted 25 years, from 1927 to 1951. He was credited with his first film, Outwitting Dad, in 1914. In some of his early works, he was billed as Babe Hardy, using his nickname.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.263733386993408, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Hardy" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Oliver Hardy was born Norvell Hardy in Harlem, Georgia. His father Oliver was a Confederate veteran who was wounded at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. After his demobilization as a recruiting officer for Company K, 16th Georgia Regiment, the elder Oliver Hardy assisted his father in running the vestiges of the family cotton plantation. He bought a share in a retail business and was elected full-time Tax Collector for Columbia County, Georgia. Norvell's mother Emily Norvell was the daughter of Thomas Benjamin Norvell and Mary Freeman, descended from Captain Hugh Norvell of Williamsburg, Virginia, who had arrived in Virginia before 1635. Hardy and Norvell had married March 12, 1890; it was the second marriage for the widow Emily, and the third for Oliver. He was of paternal English American descent and maternal Scottish American descent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.080021619796753, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Hardy" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "The family moved to Madison in 1891, before Norvell's birth. Emily Hardy owned a house in Harlem, which was either empty or rented out to tenant farmers. Norvell was likely born in Harlem, though some sources say that his birth occurred in Covington, his mother's home town. His father died less than a year after his birth. Hardy was the youngest of five children. His older brother Sam Hardy died in a drowning accident in the Oconee River. Hardy pulled his brother from the river but was unable to resuscitate him. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.850909233093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Hardy" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.873084545135498, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5600385665893555, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "\"Babe Hardy\", \"Oliver Hardy\", \"Oliver Norvell Hardy\", \"Oliver N. Hardy\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.23797856271266937, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "A cabaret and vaudeville singer, Oliver Norvell \"Babe\" Hardy made his first movie, \"Outwitting Dad\", in 1914. From 1915-25, Hardy appeared in support of such comedians as Billy West (the famous Chaplin imitator), Jimmy Aubrey, Larry Semon (Hardy played the Tin Woodman in Semon's 1925 version of The Wizard of Oz), and Bobby Ray. An established \"heavy\" by 1926, Hardy signed with the Hal Roach studios, providing support to such headliners as Our Gang and Charley Chase. With the rest of the Roach stock company, Hardy appeared in the Comedy All-Stars series, where he was frequently directed by fellow Roach contractee Stan Laurel (with whom Hardy had briefly appeared on-screen in the independently produced 1918 two-reeler Lucky Dog).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.480515480041504, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "Oliver Hardy was born Norvell Hardy in Harlem, Georgia. His father, Oliver, was a Confederate veteran wounded at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. After his demobilization as a recruiting officer for Company K, 16th Georgia Regiment, the elder Oliver Hardy assisted his father in running the vestiges of the family cotton plantation, bought a share in a retail business and was elected full-time Tax Collector for Columbia County. His mother, Emily Norvell, the daughter of Thomas Benjamin Norvell and Mary Freeman, was descended from Captain Hugh Norvell of Williamsburg, Virginia. Her family arrived in Virginia before 1635. Their marriage took place on March 12, 1890; it was the second marriage for the widow Emily, and the third for Oliver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1974806785583496, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "The family moved to Madison in 1891, before Norvell’s birth. Norvell’s mother owned a house in Harlem, which was either empty or tenanted by her mother. It is probable that Norvell was born in Harlem, though some sources say it was in his mother’s home town, Covington. His father died less than a year after his birth. Hardy was the youngest of five. As a child, Hardy was sometimes difficult. He was sent to a Milledgeville military academy as a youngster. In the 1905/1906 school year, fall semester (September-January), when he was 13, Hardy was sent to Young Harris College in north Georgia. However, he was in the junior high component of that institution (the equivalent of high school today), not the two-year college which exists today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.102972507476807, "source": "search", "title": "Norvell \"Oliver\" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Norvell", "passage": "His father, also named Oliver Hardy, was a successful lawyer who died when Norvell, as he was known to his family, was ten months old. At a time when few women had careers, his mother supported the family by running a highly successful hotel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.813937187194824, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Hardy - Biography - IMDb" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Mexican Republic", "MEXICO", "Estados Unidos de México", "Sierra de la Estrella", "Mexico (country)", "Mexicó", "The United Mexican States", "Estados Unidos de Mexico", "Central Mexico", "ISO 3166-1:MX", "Mexiko", "Méjico", "Mexique", "Mexican United States", "Mexican'", "The United State of Mexico", "Mountains of Mexico", "Old Mexico", "United states of mexico", "EUM", "Messico", "Mejico", "The United States of Mexicans", "Untied Mexican States", "México", "Etymology of Mexico", "Meixcan", "Estados Unidos Mexicanos", "Mexic", "Mexxico", "Mexican Union", "The United States of Mexico", "United State of Mexico", "Mexico", "Republic of Mexico", "Mexican Federal Republic", "United Mexican States", "Mexican coast", "Mehico", "United States of Mexicans", "United States of Mexico" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "mexican coast", "united mexican states", "mexican united states", "mexxico", "mexic", "estados unidos de mexico", "mexique", "mountains of mexico", "mehico", "republic of mexico", "mexican republic", "sierra de la estrella", "mexican", "united states of mexico", "central mexico", "eum", "estados unidos mexicanos", "old mexico", "etymology of mexico", "iso 3166 1 mx", "untied mexican states", "messico", "mexico country", "mexiko", "mexican union", "meixcan", "estados unidos de méxico", "united states of mexicans", "mexican federal republic", "mejico", "united state of mexico", "méxico", "mexico", "mexicó", "méjico" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "mexico", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Mexico" }

[ { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City International Airport (); officially Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez () is an international airport that serves Greater Mexico City. It is Mexico's busiest and Latin America's second busiest airport by passenger traffic; and it is both Mexico's and Latin America's busiest airport by aircraft movements. The airport sustains 35,000 jobs directly and around 15,000 indirectly in the immediate area. The airport is owned by Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México and operated by Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares, the government-owned corporation, which also operates 22 other airports throughout Mexico.", "precise_score": 8.217874526977539, "rough_score": 7.397836208343506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Named after Mexico’s former president, Benito Juarez International Airport, also called Mexico City International Airport (MEX) is situated in the densely populated capital, Mexico City. It is the country’s busiest airport, serving approximately 24 million passengers per year, and once renovations are complete, it will be able to handle up to 32 million passengers per year.", "precise_score": 8.696210861206055, "rough_score": 7.868393898010254, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Most travelers arrive in Mexico City by air; at Benito Juárez International Airport, located in the eastern part of the city.", "precise_score": 6.628045082092285, "rough_score": 7.457448959350586, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX) | Mexico City Airport Map, Benito Juarez International Airport Code", "precise_score": 7.353812217712402, "rough_score": 8.20090103149414, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "This page provides all the information you need to know about Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting Mexico or traveling to Mexico City Airport.", "precise_score": 7.8813605308532715, "rough_score": 7.2251715660095215, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Coordinates of Mexico City Airport - Latitude and Longitude (Lat and Long) of Benito Juarez International Airport", "precise_score": 5.832441806793213, "rough_score": 7.226522445678711, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City International Airport / Benito Juárez International Airport (Iata: Mex)", "precise_score": 7.186578750610352, "rough_score": 8.733652114868164, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City International Airport / Benito Juárez ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Benito Juárez International Airport: Capitan Carlos León S/N, Peñón de Los Baños, Venustiano Carranza, 15620 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico", "precise_score": 7.878544807434082, "rough_score": 8.101762771606445, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The Benito Juarez International Airport serves the capital of Mexico, Mexico City. It is the busiest airport in Mexico and the second busiest in Latin America. It was named after Benito Juarez, a 19th century president of Mexico, in 2006. It is five kilometres east of central Mexico City. The airport has considerable overfly and landing issues because of its proximity to buildings in the eastern part of the city.", "precise_score": 9.08968448638916, "rough_score": 7.973831653594971, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Being the busiest airport in Mexico, Benito Juárez International Airport serves as the headquarters for Aeromexico. The Mexican flag carrier connects Mexico City with more than 40 total destinations. Of course, Mexico’s largest airline offers domestic service to some of the largest and most visited cities in the country. Acapulco, Cancun, Guadalajara, Leon, Ciudad Juarez, Tijuana, Monterey, Merida, and Mexicali are listed on the extensive domestic service operated by Aeromexico. Most of the flights within Mexico are actually provided by Aeromexico Connect regional service in the South Concourse of Terminal 2 at Benito Juárez International Airport.", "precise_score": 7.076662063598633, "rough_score": 7.415500640869141, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico’s national airline also connects Benito Juárez International Airport with major cities in South America, North America, Central America, and Asia. Bogota, Buenos Aires, Caracas, Lima, Santiago de Chile, and Sao Paulo are major Latin American destinations that can be reached via Aeromexico. Mexico’s busiest airline also connects Mexico City with major cities in the United States such as Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Orlando, New York, San Francisco, and Washington District of Columbia. International flights operated by Aeromexico depart from the North Concourse of Terminal 2 at Mexico City’s main airport.", "precise_score": 6.103189468383789, "rough_score": 7.425041675567627, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Another major Mexican airline that is based at Benito Juárez International Airport is Aeromar. This carrier offers trips to more than a dozen cities within Mexico. Acapulco, Manzanillo, Poza Rica, Veracruz, and Xalapa make the list of Aeromar routes. The domestic service by Aeromar is available in Terminal 2 in Mexico City’s largest airport.", "precise_score": 7.564764499664307, "rough_score": 7.328756809234619, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The list of major Latin American airlines serving Benito Juárez International Airport includes Copa Airlines, Copa Airlines Colombia, Cubana de Aviacion, LAN Airlines, LAN Peru, TACA Airlines, and TAM. Mexico City is even served by several European airline companies including Air France, British Airways, Iberia, KLM, and Lufthansa.", "precise_score": 7.1269354820251465, "rough_score": 8.124553680419922, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Benito Juárez International Airport: Capitan Carlos León S/N, Peñón de Los Baños, Venustiano Carranza, 15620 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico", "precise_score": 7.878544807434082, "rough_score": 8.101762771606445, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The Benito Juarez International Airport serves the capital of Mexico, Mexico City. It is the busiest airport in Mexico and the second busiest in Latin America. It was named after Benito Juarez, a 19th century president of Mexico, in 2006. It is five kilometres east of central Mexico City. The airport has considerable overfly and landing issues because of its proximity to buildings in the eastern part of the city.", "precise_score": 9.08968448638916, "rough_score": 7.973831653594971, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Being the busiest airport in Mexico, Benito Juárez International Airport serves as the headquarters for Aeromexico. The Mexican flag carrier connects Mexico City with more than 40 total destinations. Of course, Mexico’s largest airline offers domestic service to some of the largest and most visited cities in the country. Acapulco, Cancun, Guadalajara, Leon, Ciudad Juarez, Tijuana, Monterey, Merida, and Mexicali are listed on the extensive domestic service operated by Aeromexico. Most of the flights within Mexico are actually provided by Aeromexico Connect regional service in the South Concourse of Terminal 2 at Benito Juárez International Airport.", "precise_score": 7.076662063598633, "rough_score": 7.415500640869141, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico’s national airline also connects Benito Juárez International Airport with major cities in South America, North America, Central America, and Asia. Bogota, Buenos Aires, Caracas, Lima, Santiago de Chile, and Sao Paulo are major Latin American destinations that can be reached via Aeromexico. Mexico’s busiest airline also connects Mexico City with major cities in the United States such as Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Orlando, New York, San Francisco, and Washington District of Columbia. International flights operated by Aeromexico depart from the North Concourse of Terminal 2 at Mexico City’s main airport.", "precise_score": 6.103189468383789, "rough_score": 7.425041675567627, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Another major Mexican airline that is based at Benito Juárez International Airport is Aeromar. This carrier offers trips to more than a dozen cities within Mexico. Acapulco, Manzanillo, Poza Rica, Veracruz, and Xalapa make the list of Aeromar routes. The domestic service by Aeromar is available in Terminal 2 in Mexico City’s largest airport.", "precise_score": 7.564764499664307, "rough_score": 7.328756809234619, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The list of major Latin American airlines serving Benito Juárez International Airport includes Copa Airlines, Copa Airlines Colombia, Cubana de Aviacion, LAN Airlines, LAN Peru, TACA Airlines, and TAM. Mexico City is even served by several European airline companies including Air France, British Airways, Iberia, KLM, and Lufthansa.", "precise_score": 7.1269354820251465, "rough_score": 8.124553680419922, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "This hot and high airport is served by 27 domestic and international passenger airlines and 17 cargo carriers. As the main hub for Mexico's largest airline Aeroméxico (with Aeroméxico Connect), the airport has become a SkyTeam hub. It is also a hub for Aeromar, Interjet, Volaris and a focus city for VivaAerobus. On a typical day, more than 100,000 passengers pass through the airport to and from more than 100 destinations on three continents. In 2015, the airport handled 38,433,078 passengers, a 12.2% increase compared to 2014. For the 12-month period ending May 31, 2016 the airport handled 39,563,710 passengers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.10783576965332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Operating at the limits of its capacity, the airport will be replaced by a new Mexico City international airport, announced in September 2014, to be built about 16 km north-northeast of the current airport, east of Ecatepec. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.651607513427734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Located at the neighborhood of Peñón de los Baños within Venustiano Carranza, one of the sixteen boroughs into which Mexico's Federal District is divided, the airport is east from Downtown Mexico City and is surrounded by the built-up areas of Gustavo A. Madero to the north and Venustiano Carranza to the west, south and east. As the airport is located on the east side of Mexico City and its runways run southwest-northeast, an airliner's landing approach is usually directly over the conurbation of Mexico City when the wind is from the northeast. Therefore, there is an important overflying problem and noise pollution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.831514358520508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The original site, known as Llanos de Balbuena, had been used for aeronautical activities since 1910, when Alberto Braniff became the first to fly an aeroplane in Mexico, and in Latin America. The flight was onboard of a Voisin biplane. On November 30, 1911, President Francisco I. Madero, was the first head of State in the world to fly onboard of a Deperdussin airplane piloted by Geo M. Dyott of Moisant International. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.145023345947266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "In 1915 the airport first opened as Balbuena Military Airport with five runways. Construction of a small civilian airport began in 1928. The first landing was on November 5, 1928, and regular service started in 1929, but was officially inaugurated on May 15, 1931. On July 8, 1943, the Official Gazette of the Federation published a decree that acknowledged Mexico City's Central Airport as an international airport, capable of managing international arrivals and departures of passengers and aircraft. Its first international route was to Los Angeles International Airport operated by Mexicana. Construction of Runway 05D-23I started six years later, as well as new facilities such as a platform, a terminal building, a control tower and offices for the authorities. The runway started its operations in 1951. On November 19, 1952, President Miguel Alemán opened the passenger terminal, which later became Terminal 1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.324334621429443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "On December 2, 1963, Walter C. Buchanan, former director of the Transport and Communications Department (SCT), changed the airport's name \"Aeropuerto Central\" (Central Airport) to \"Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México\" (Mexico City International Airport). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7632761001586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "On November 24, 1978, the \"Mexico\" Control Tower began its operations; it has been in service since then.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.036009788513184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexic", "passage": "The airport has suffered from a lack of capacity due to restrictions on expansion, since it is located in a densely populated area. In 2014, Mexican authorities established ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.04951810836792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The construction of a new Mexico City international airport was announced by Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto on September 2, 2014, who said that it would be emblemático, or a national symbol. The new airport will replace the current Mexico City International Airport, which is at capacity. It is to have one large terminal of 6000000 ft2 and six runways: two that are each long and four that are each 4 km long. The architects are Sir Norman Foster and Fernando Romero, son-in-law of billionaire Carlos Slim and architect of the Soumaya Museum. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7496428489685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Construction will take eight years and depending on the source, is estimated to cost 120 or 169 billion Mexican pesos, about 9–13 billion US dollars. It will be built on land already owned by the federal government in the Zona Federal del Lago de Texcoco, between Ecatepec and Atenco in the State of Mexico, about 10 km northeast of the current airport. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.915687084197998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City International Airport has two passenger terminals. Terminal 1 is separated from Terminal 2 by the runways.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3015975952148438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "México", "passage": "* Remote positions: 18 (Aeromar and Aeroméxico Connect)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.540342330932617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "México", "passage": "Air operations in the new facilities began on November 15, 2007, with flights by Aeromar and Delta Air Lines, and later AeroMéxico, Copa, LAN and Continental Airlines. Terminal 2 was formally inaugurated by former Presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa on March 26, 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.971193790435791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "These projects were done without affecting airplane takeoffs and landings, and will help Mexico City International Airport offer better services, and respond to the growing demand of passengers and operations in the coming years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.863232135772705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "México", "passage": "Terminal 2 now houses all Aeroméxico flights out of the airport, becoming the airline's main distribution center. Although the terminal was intended to be served by all-SkyTeam member airlines, Air France and KLM decided to remain at Terminal 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97364330291748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares, a government-owned corporation that operates airports in Mexico, has its headquarters on the airport property., Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares. The Aeromar headquarters are located in Hangar 7 in Zone D of the General Aviation Terminal of the airport. Aviacsa had its headquarters in Hangar 1 in Zone C, but ceased operations on May 4, 2011. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.867547035217285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The airport connects 52 domestic and 50 international destinations in Latin America, North America, Europe and Asia. Aeromexico serves the largest number of cities from any Latin American hub (80), 46 domestic and 34 international.[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/aeromexico-the-airline-serving-the-largest-number-of-cities-from-a-hub-in-latin-america-300158276.html Aeromexico, The Airline Serving The Largest Number Of Cities From A Hub In Latin America] Most prominent foreign airlines are United Airlines, combined with ExpressJet Airlines traffic, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines and Avianca Holdings. Aeroméxico/Aeroméxico Connect operates the most departures from the airport followed by Interjet, Volaris, and Aeromar. Aeroméxico also operates to the most destinations followed by Interjet. In peak season, Iberia and Air France operate the most trans-Atlantic flights (28 flights per week) with nonstop service to Madrid and Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.583804130554199, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "This table lists passengers flights served with a nonstop or direct flight with no change of aircraft carrying passengers originating in Mexico City according to the airlines' published schedules, unless otherwise noted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.055816650390625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "In addition to the scheduled airlines above, Mexico City airport is used by some further airlines for chartered flights including:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.936611175537109, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "As of January 2016, Mexico City airport is served by 19 cargo airlines flying directly to Europe, Central, North and South America, Middle East and East Asia. The following airlines operate the scheduled destinations below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.845818996429443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "In 2015, Mexico City International Airport moved 38,433,078 passengers. It was the busiest airport in the country and the 2nd busiest in Latin America in terms of total passengers, an increase of 12.2% since last year and 60% since 2010. It was the biggest growing airport in Latin America during 2015 by net traffic, with an increase of over 4.5 million passengers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5467586517333984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "In terms of international passengers, it was the fourth-busiest airport in Latin America with 12,758,456 passengers, behind São Paulo-Guarulhos (13,620,000), Cancún (13,566,003) and Tocumen (13,434,673), and the second busiest in Mexico after Cancún.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.418689727783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The airport is the busiest in Mexico and Latin America by aircraft movements with 24% more operations than Bogotá-El Dorado and 44.65% more than São Paulo-Guarulhos. It is the 15th busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft departures. For the 12-month period ending April 30, 2016, the airport handled 433,019 aircraft operations, an average of 1,183 operations per day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9270381927490234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Terminals 1 and 2 have two land terminals operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Different bus lines operate from here [http://www.aicm.com.mx/serviciosausuarios_en/transportacion.php?Grupo=4], and provide continuous transportation services to the main cities located around Mexico City, such as Córdoba, Cuernavaca, Pachuca, Puebla, Querétaro, Tlaxcala and Toluca.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.599588394165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "In late 2010, former Head of Government of the Federal District Marcelo Ebrard announced a plan to build a new Metrobús Line 4 that would run from near Buenavista Station in the west of the city towards Mexico City airport. Construction on Line 4 started on July 4, 2011. The plans for Line 4 include a two step construction process with the first operational segment to be built between Buenavista and Metro San Lázaro. An extension provides travel between San Lázaro and the airport. The line opened on April 1, 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.507816314697266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "* On April 10, 1968, an Aerovías Rojas Douglas R4D-3 crashed on approach, killing all eighteen people on board. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight, which was the airline's inaugural flight from Aguascalientes International Airport to Mexico City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.429454803466797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "* On November 4, 2008 a Mexican Interior Ministry LearJet 45 crashed on approach around 18:45 local time. On board were Mexican Secretary of the Interior Juan Camilo Mouriño, who was top aide to President Felipe Calderón. Mouriño was in charge of the fight against the drug trade in Mexico. Also on board was José Luis Santiago Vasconcelos, former assistant attorney general and current head of the federal technical secretariat for implementing the recent constitutional reforms on criminal justice and public security. All eight on board perished along with eight others on the ground. 40 others on the ground were injured. The crash was attributed to pilot error. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.449373245239258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "* On September 9, 2009, hijacked Aeroméxico Flight 576 landed at Mexico City International Airport from Cancún International Airport. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.85847806930542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mexico City International Airport" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City-Benito Ju�rez International Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.344107151031494, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City-Benito Juárez International Airport profile ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "XA-SEJ Mexicana 27 near Mexico City-...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.716453552246094, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City-Benito Juárez International Airport profile ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Aircraft that departed Mexico City-Benito Ju�rez International Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.955645561218262, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City-Benito Juárez International Airport profile ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "In spite of developments, though, Mexico City International is far from being adequate for the huge number of travelers who use it each year. This is due to the fact that it is completely surrounded by buildings, making expansion of the airfield impossible. Long queues and delays are common occurrences, which is why many travelers use Toluca Airport as an alternative.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.884084701538086, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Fortunately, however, Mexico City International offers much in the way of amenities, including a wide selection of dining and retail establishments, as well as business and conference facilities, most of which are located in Terminal 2. Terminal 1, by contrast, is old and outdated and lacks sufficient signage and lighting.   ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.236331939697266, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Many adventure travelers find fun in Mexico ziplining through jungles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373665809631348, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexic", "passage": "Eat Mexican food that you haven't had before when you are there such as chiles rellenos, tlayudas and tamales.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.895332336425781, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Last minute flights to Mexico City will have you arrive at one of the largest, most complex cities in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.413203239440918, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Direct Mexico flights give you a chance to visit Playa del Carmen, one of its best-known resort towns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.77839469909668, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Between July and September, Mexico's southern coast resorts are packed with tourists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.770978927612305, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Take a non-stop flight to Mexico and stay in the land where chocolate was invented.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303768157958984, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "When booking Mexico flights, considering planning an all-inclusive vacation in Riveria Maya or Cozumel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.697400093078613, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juarez (MEX" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Your airline might only let you board your flight to Mexico if you have a valid return ticket. Your carrier might not tell you this until you're just about to board. If you plan on, say, driving out of Mexico, or leaving on a cruise ship, make sure you check this out well in advance. One way around the problem is to buy a second full price refundable ticket that you don't intend to use and then get a refund as soon as you arrive (or before you leave, as long as you have the original paperwork to show at the jetway). In most major US airports, they'll sell you this 'token' ticket at the jetway. Airline staff in the boarding area help travellers with this problem every day. There are few ticket sales offices at Benito Juárez, so you might have to arrange your refund by phone. Make sure you'll have access to a phone that allows international calls. Get a refund number from the phone agent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.366045951843262, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexic", "passage": "There is a $300-dollar duty allowance that includes new clothing, tobacco and liquors. The Mexican customs law allows passengers to bring free of duties a laptop, an MP3 player, a digital camera, a tripod, a video camera, and used clothing. Be careful with iPads, as they are sometimes considered laptops. If you have brought a laptop and an iPad, customs may consider this two laptops and refuse to allow entry with both.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135687828063965, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "After going through customs you will pick up your luggage, then pass through screening. You will press a button for a red or green light. The red means they will search you, the green means you can go. If you are taking a connecting flight to another location and the bags are already tagged for their final destination, you will drop them on a belt located to the right of the inspection tables. If tagged to Mexico City only, you will need to check in again with the airline. Foreign travellers using connecting flights from Mexico City are sometimes required to pass through customs again when they reach their final destination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.292218208312988, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexic", "passage": "A good place to take a regular (non-sitio) taxi is on the Circuito Interior road close to the Metro station. The usual security advice about non-sitio taxis applies, but you'll see plenty of Mexicans who do this together with their luggage. Take a taxi from the other side of the road using the pedestrian bridge if you're heading south or west.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.27258586883545, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "See also: Mexico City#By metro", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.046133995056152, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Caminante , Aeoropuertos (Toluca & Mexico City), Mexico Poniente. Travels mainly between Mexico City and Toluca . ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.390345573425293, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Metrobus #4 is a Bus Rapid Transit Line to the TAPO bus station/San Lázaro Metro, Centro Histórico, Revolution Monument and Buenavista Station in the central part of Mexico City. They stop at Puerto (Door) 7 in Terminal 1 and Puerta 2 (lower level) in Terminal 2. Fares to/from the airport cost $30 pesos. You need a smart card to ride the system, which can be bought at the 7-Eleven inside the terminals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.156158447265625, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "It is also possible to reach the 19.4162 -99.0747 5 Pantitlán metro stop from T2 by walking east on Eje 1 Norte. The Pantitlan Station is also a major bus station with various buses, peseros and taxis serving the delegaciones (boroughs) in the southeastern part of Mexico City as well as the terminus for several metro lines. Be careful as this walk can be potentially dangerous, especially at night and especially for the obvious tourist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.791415214538574, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "México", "passage": "19.4354 -99.0852 1 Camino Real , Puerto México No. 80 Col. Peñón de los Baños (Pink building directly connected to Terminal 1 by the same bridge accessing the Aerotren terminal (to Terminal 2)),  ☎ +52 55 3003 0033 .  (updated Aug 2015)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.661681175231934, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "19.4367 -99.0824 2 Courtyard Marriott - Mexico City Airport , Sinaloa 31, Col. Peñón de los Baños (directly connected to Terminal 1 and the airport bus station from the food court by Sala G),  ☎ +52 55 4631 4000 , fax: +52 55 4631 4001. Direct walkway access to Benito Juárez International Airport Terminal 1, also has a complimentary airport shuttle to Terminal 2. Free Wi-Fi. starting at $2,400 MXN. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5047619342803955, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "19.4413 -99.0788 5 Hostel Mexico City Airport , Aguascalientes 33, Col. Peñón de los Baños,  ☎ +52 55 1560 3288 . Only hostel closest to the airport for those into staying in hostels. US$40. (updated Aug 2015)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.580561637878418, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "As the airport is close to a somewhat shoddy neighborhood, your best bet is to take the Metro (during daytime) or a cab (at night) to your final destination in Mexico City once you leave the airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.847505569458008, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juárez International Airport – Travel guide at ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Timezone : America/Mexico_City", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.222295761108398, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Looking for information on Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico City, Mexico? Know about Benito Juarez International Airport in detail. Find out the location of Benito Juarez International Airport on Mexico map and also find out airports near to Mexico City. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Benito Juarez International Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Benito Juarez International Airport, airlines operating to Benito Juarez International Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Mexico. Scroll down to know more about Benito Juarez International Airport or Mexico City Airport, Mexico.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.124504566192627, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Details about Mexico City Airport given here include", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.777588367462158, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "General information about Mexico where Benito Juarez International Airport is located in the city of Mexico City. General information include capital of Mexico, currency and conversion rate of Mexico currency, Telephone Country code, exchange rate against US Dollar and Euro in case of major world currencies etc...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.613207817077637, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport, Mexico (Code :: MEX ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City Airport Mexico City Airport Information Airport Arrivals Airport Departures Airport Map About", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.562612056732178, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City International Airport / Benito Juárez ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Whether you are taking off or touching down at Mexico City Airport/Benito Juárez International Airport (IATA:MEX), start your journey here at www.mexicocityairport.com. This site brings together the Mexico City Airport/Benito Juárez International Airport (IATA:MEX) information and the best deals to help you plan your trip in advance and save money. Flight information, current weather, comparison prices on services like car rental - it's all here, to help your trip run smoothly and and ensure you take off with great deals! Please note this is not the official website for this airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.938129901885986, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City International Airport / Benito Juárez ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City Airport Information", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8474273681640625, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City Airport Information", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8474273681640625, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The airport was originally Balbuena Military Airport in 1928 and regular services began in 1931. It officially became an international airport in 1943. New facilities were added including a terminal building and control tower, and it became a commercial airport in 1952. In 1963, the name of the airport was changed to Mexico City International Airport and 40 years later it was changed again to Benito Juarez.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.401532530784607, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "EUM", "passage": "There are several VIP lounges in the airport. Some have a spa, beauty salon, showers, Internet access, and business centres. There are also private meeting rooms and work stations. Both terminals have exhibition centres where there are galleries for museums, art shows, and other things.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.868757247924805, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Airlines Serving Mexico City Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.699167728424072, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Interjet is another domestic carrier at Benito Juárez International Airport that operates reliable service to more than a dozen cities in Mexico. The domestic flights by this Mexican low cost carrier are offered in Concourse B of Terminal 1. From Concourse F in Terminal 1, passengers can board international Interjet flights to destinations such as Guatemala City, Miami, New York, San Antonio, and San Jose (Costa Rica.) The low cost Mexican carriers VivaAerobus and Volaris offer additional domestic and international service in Mexico’s largest airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.008421421051025, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Airline Information - MEX Airline Info" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City Intl. Hotels: Find Hotel Deals near Mexico City Intl. in Mexico City, Mexico", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.316732406616211, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport Hotels near Mexico ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Great hotel to stay a couple of nights. Next to Terminal 1 of Benito Juarez Int'l Airport. (this is an airport hotel) I always stay here a day before leaving Mexico. This is mostly a business hotel, the surroundings are not for vacationist. If you're looking to vacation in Mexico City or other parts of Mexico stay elsewhere and come to this hotel the day before getting out of the country. It's the best choice. Great Service, rooms are clean, several restaurants within the airport. Best airport hotel I've stayed in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.73398756980896, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport Hotels near Mexico ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The Camino Real Aeropuerto Mexico is connected by a pedestrian bridge to domestic terminal 1, gate B, of Benito Juárez … More", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6030325889587402, "source": "search", "title": "Benito Juarez International Airport Hotels near Mexico ..." }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City Airport Information", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8474273681640625, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Mexico City Airport Information", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8474273681640625, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "The airport was originally Balbuena Military Airport in 1928 and regular services began in 1931. It officially became an international airport in 1943. New facilities were added including a terminal building and control tower, and it became a commercial airport in 1952. In 1963, the name of the airport was changed to Mexico City International Airport and 40 years later it was changed again to Benito Juarez.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.401532530784607, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "EUM", "passage": "There are several VIP lounges in the airport. Some have a spa, beauty salon, showers, Internet access, and business centres. There are also private meeting rooms and work stations. Both terminals have exhibition centres where there are galleries for museums, art shows, and other things.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.868757247924805, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Airlines Serving Mexico City Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.699167728424072, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" }, { "answer": "Mexico", "passage": "Interjet is another domestic carrier at Benito Juárez International Airport that operates reliable service to more than a dozen cities in Mexico. The domestic flights by this Mexican low cost carrier are offered in Concourse B of Terminal 1. From Concourse F in Terminal 1, passengers can board international Interjet flights to destinations such as Guatemala City, Miami, New York, San Antonio, and San Jose (Costa Rica.) The low cost Mexican carriers VivaAerobus and Volaris offer additional domestic and international service in Mexico’s largest airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.008421421051025, "source": "search", "title": "Mexico City Airport Information - Airport Hotel Guide" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "\"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\" is a Southern Gothic song, written in 1972 by songwriter Bobby Russell and sung by Vicki Lawrence, an American singer, actress, and comedian. Lawrence's version, from her 1973 Bell Records album of the same name, was a number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 after its release. In addition to several other renditions, the song was again a hit in 1991 when Reba McEntire recorded it for her album For My Broken Heart. McEntire's version was a single, as well, reaching number 12 on Hot Country Songs.", "precise_score": 6.844812870025635, "rough_score": 6.951549530029297, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia 1973 - YouTube", "precise_score": 5.5912628173828125, "rough_score": 7.2949934005737305, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia ..." }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia 1973", "precise_score": 5.934601306915283, "rough_score": 7.530930995941162, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia ..." }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Her music career peaked in 1973, when she was awarded a gold record for her internationally known hit \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia.\" In 1974, Lawrence married CBS makeup artist Al Schultz, with whom she has had two children. When The Carol Burnett Show ended, Vicki Lawrence starred in her own comedy show, Mama's Family, which also featured Dorothy Lyman, Ken Berry, Beverly Archer, and Betty White; Carol Burnett also frequently appeared on the show. After ending her sitcom, Lawrence delved into hosting television shows.", "precise_score": 3.677103281021118, "rough_score": 6.751101016998291, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence-The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia", "precise_score": 5.249667644500732, "rough_score": 6.635148048400879, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence-The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia ..." }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence version", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363775253295898, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "It was very loosely inspired by the 1973 Vicki Lawrence song of the same name (it shares almost no plot elements with the original song). In 1981, Tanya Tucker recorded a different version for the film's soundtrack and new lyrics related to the plot of the film were written. These altered lyrics were based on the plot line of the movie, which is not the same as the story of the original song.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.816216468811035, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (film)" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia by Vicki Lawrence Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.3226823806762695, "source": "search", "title": "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia by Vicki Lawrence" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia by Vicki Lawrence Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.3226823806762695, "source": "search", "title": "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia by Vicki Lawrence" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39050006866455, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341181755065918, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Famed actress, comedian, singer, and dancer Vicki Lawrence has appeared in television shows, on Broadway and in nightclubs. Her career included shows with such popular actors as Carol Burnett, Harvey Korman, and Tim Conway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929069519042969, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence sealed her own fate as a famed actress and comedian by sending Carol Burnett a newspaper clipping showing their uncanny resemblance to each other and if she could give some advice for a contest she was in called \"Miss Fireball Contest\" in California. Burnett having a feeling about her found her phone number and called Vicki..Burnett attended the event hoping to find an entertainer who could play her kid sister on her variety show. Sure enough, Lawrence was chosen as the kid sister and was mentor by Ms Burnett and her career blossomed from there. In the fall of 1967, she made her debut on the first episode of The Carol Burnett Show. She spent 11 years with the show and earned one Emmy Award and five more nominations. In 1967, she also enrolled in UCLA to study theater arts. To enhance her singing career, she went to Vietnam to perform for U.S. troops with Johnny Grant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.23533821105957, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "She became the first successful female game show host when she hosted Win, Lose or Draw; she also hosted her own talk show, appropriately titled Vicki!, which ran from 1992-1994. Vicki Lawrence's credits cannot be limited to television alone. Her stage credits include Carousel, Hello Dolly, Annie Get Your Gun, No, No, Nanette and My Fat Friend. In the '90s, she performed in I'm Getting My Act Together and Taking It on the Road. Her autobiography, Vicki! The True Life Adventures of Miss Fireball, recounts her musical, stage, and television career. She spends most of her time doing motivational speeches for women's groups and charities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.445906639099121, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "In the beginning of The Carol Burnett Show (1967) Vicki Lawrence would mostly do the Carol and Sis sketches and a few musical numbers because of her inexperience, when she felt that she was ready, she finally ask her mentor Carol Burnett if she could do other things when she started branching out into other sketches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.90845012664795, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341181755065918, "source": "search", "title": "Disco 70 Charts - 1973" }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "VICKI LAWRENCE - THE NIGHT THE LIGHTS WENT OUT IN GEORGIA LYRICS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.972399711608887, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia ..." }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Vicki Lawrence - The Night the Lights Went Out In Georgia Lyrics", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.972399711608887, "source": "search", "title": "Vicki Lawrence - The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia ..." }, { "answer": "Vicki Lawrence", "passage": "Songwriter Bobby Russell had initially offered the song \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\" to Cher for her to record. However, when he brought a demo recording to her she was out shopping and asked her husband Sonny Bono to listen to it. After listening to it, Sonny told Russell that he not only would he allow Cher to do the song, but he also thought it would cause her to lose fans in the south. 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[ { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Founded in 1960 as Grønlandsfly, the airline started its first services with Catalina water planes and within the decade expanded to include DHC-3 Otters as well as Sikorsky S-61 helicopters, some of which remain in active service. The majority of operations were based on helicopters until the newly established Greenland Home Rule began investing in a network of short takeoff and landing airfields. These were very expensive to construct and Greenland's airport fees are still among the highest in the world; they also required a new fleet: DHC-7 turboprops uniquely suited to the harsh terrain and weather conditions in Greenland. The reliability of connections improved as the domestic airport network expanded in the 1990s: increasing use of the Dash 7s made the airline less restricted by inclement weather. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Air Greenland acquired a Boeing 757 and an Airbus A330, allowing it to open connections to Copenhagen, until then operated by SAS which also competed mid to late 2000s. In the 21st century, it competes with Air Iceland for international connections and small charter services domestically.", "precise_score": 0.5464553236961365, "rough_score": 4.571079254150391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The airline was established on 7 November 1960 as Grønlandsfly A/S by the Scandinavian Airlines System (now SAS) and Kryolitselskabet Øresund, a Danish mining company involved with the cryolite operations at Ivittuut to provide transport and logistics for four American radar bases in Greenland. In 1962, interests in the firm were acquired by the Provincial Council (now the Greenland Home Rule Government) and the Royal Greenland Trade Department (now KNI).", "precise_score": 3.778928756713867, "rough_score": 6.63215446472168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The first flights serving the American bases in Greenland operated lightweight DHC-3 Otters and Sikorsky S-55 helicopters chartered from Canada. After a crash in 1961, Grønlandsfly used PBY Catalina water planes and DHC-6 Twin Otters on domestic routes. One of the Catalinas then crashed in 1962. In 1965, the Douglas DC-4 became the line's first larger airplane. It was followed by Sikorsky S-61 helicopters, which have remained in use: in 2010, they still served the communities of Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland year-round and those of Disko Bay during the winter.", "precise_score": -0.9252191185951233, "rough_score": -1.6814074516296387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "During the 1970s, Grønlandsfly upgraded its DC-4 to the newer DC-6, but principally focused on expanding its helicopter fleet, purchasing five more S-61s. By 1972, it opened up service to east Greenland with a helicopter based in Tasiilaq, and established Greenlandair Charter. Mining at Maamorilik in the Uummannaq Fjord required still more helicopters, and the airline purchased Bell 206s for the route. Grønlandsfly also picked up a Danish government contract to fly reconnaissance missions regarding the sea ice around Greenland.", "precise_score": 0.17338714003562927, "rough_score": 3.605191946029663, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "By the end of 1979, the number of Grønlandsfly passengers served annually exceeded 60,000, more than the population of Greenland. That year, the airline's first international route was also opened, running between Greenland's capital Nuuk and the town of Iqaluit in northern Canada. The route connected Greenland's Kalaallit with Canada's Inuit and was operated in conjunction with the Canadian First Air line, but the planes were generally run empty and the route was shuttered 13 years later. ", "precise_score": 1.3422577381134033, "rough_score": 4.199031829833984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "To service the enlarged network, Grønlandsfly began acquiring DHC-7s, planes particularly suited to the often severe weather conditions in Greenland. The first was delivered on 29 September 1979, followed by more over the next decade. These planes remain in active service, serving every airport except Nerlerit Inaat near Ittoqqortoormiit, whose operation is handled by Air Iceland under contract with Greenland Home Rule. ", "precise_score": 0.42249488830566406, "rough_score": -0.8209500312805176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "In 1981, Grønlandsfly opened its first route to Iceland, linking Reykjavík Airport to its main hub at Kangerlussuaq via Kulusuk. In 1986, a route to Keflavík allowed the company to break SAS's monopoly on flights between Greenland and Denmark via a Keflavík-Copenhagen leg operated by Icelandair. By 1989, the airline employed more than 400 Greenlanders and carried more than 100,000 passengers annually.", "precise_score": 2.3232614994049072, "rough_score": 4.793334007263184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Grønlandsfly also purchased its first jet aircraft, a Boeing 757–200 which began operation in May 1998. The airliner was named Kunuunnguaq in honor of the Greenlandic explorer and ethnologist Knud Rasmussen, whose bust decorates in the terminal of Kangerlussuaq hub. The airliner allowed the company to run the profitable Kangerlussuaq–Copenhagen route directly, without affiliates or a layover in Iceland. Thus, in 1999, the airline served 282,000 passengers, nearly triple the number at the end of the previous decade.", "precise_score": 0.6276807188987732, "rough_score": 6.035485744476318, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "In the past, Air Greenland (Grønlandsfly) also used the following aircraft:", "precise_score": -1.0380144119262695, "rough_score": 3.1379103660583496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland A/S is the flag carrier airline of Greenland, a subsidiary of the SAS Group, owned by the SAS Group, The Greenlandic Government and The Danish Government. It operates a fleet of 32 aircraft, including 1 airliner used for transatlantic and charter flights, 9 fixed-wing aircraft primarily serving the domestic network, and 22 helicopters feeding passengers from the smaller communities into the domestic airport network. Flights to heliports in the remote settlements are operated on contract with the government of Greenland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.225836277008057, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Besides running scheduled services and government-contracted flights to most villages in the country, the airline also supports remote research stations, provides charter services for tourists and Greenland's energy and mineral-resource industries, and permits medivac during emergencies. Air Greenland has seven subsidiaries, an airline, hotels, tour operators, a travel agency specialized in Greenlandic tourism and the Arctic Umiaq Line, an unprofitable but government-subsidized ferry service.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.30039119720459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The establishment of the Greenland Home Rule Government in 1979 led to investment in a regional network of true airports, with short take-off and landing (STOL) airfields constructed in Nuuk, Ilulissat (1984), and Kulusuk. (These early airports were built without de-icing equipment, a situation which has proven problematic during Greenland's winters and continues to cause delays and losses for the airline. ) The decade also saw the company train and hire its first native Kalaallit pilots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.034640312194824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The company saw its activity curtailed as the mines at Ivittuut (1987) and Maamorilik (1990) closed operation, leading to a recession in the Greenlandic economy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.204116821289062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "As the situation improved, the network of regional STOL airports was extended with Sisimiut Airport, Maniitsoq Airport, and Aasiaat Airport built in mid-western Greenland and Qaarsut Airport and Upernavik Airport built in northwestern Greenland. With the purchase of a fifth Dash 7, Grønlandsfly was for the first time since its inception able to provide plane services to all major towns in Greenland. (Uummannaq is served by Qaarsut Airport in conjunction with its heliport.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9577059745788574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Around the turn of the millennium, the airline renewed its aging fleet, retiring several of its S-61 and 206 helicopters and replacing them with Bell 212s and Eurocopter AS350s. The company also sacked its CEO Peter Fich, who had proven unable to balance Greenland Home Rule's demands for local Greenlander service with the board's for expanded tourism, lower fares, and higher profits. Under his replacement Finn Øelund, Grønlandsfly initially posted a DKK 30 million loss as contractual obligations maintained unprofitable service while a strike ruined the summer tourist season and Post Greenland relocated a lucrative mail contract to the Danish-owned Air Alpha Greenland. In response, the company successfully pushed back against Greenland Home Rule's large demands, high fees, and low subsidies and rebranded itself, anglicizing its name to Air Greenland and adopting a new logo and livery on 18 April 2002. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8902850151062012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "In 2003, Finn Øelund left to head Maersk Air and was replaced as CEO by Flemming Knudson. Air Greenland opened a route from Copenhagen to Akureyri in Iceland; the service lasted for six years before finally being deemed unprofitable and ended. Also in 2003, SAS abandoned its Greenland service, leading Air Greenland to purchase its second airliner, an Airbus A330-200 named Norsaq. (SAS briefly revived the service during the peak season in 2007 before dropping it again in January 2009. ) Owing to SAS's withdrawal from the market, Air Greenland received its contract with the U.S. Air Force for passenger service to and from Thule Air Base. Running from February 2004, the contract was renewed for another five-year period in 2008 despite SAS's brief return to the market.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.905172348022461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The first takeover of another airline took place on 28 July 2006: Air Greenland acquired the Danish carrier Air Alpha's Greenland subsidiary. Air Alpha Greenland had operated helicopter flights in Disko Bay and in eastern Greenland. Since the takeover, the acquired Bell 222 helicopters have been used for passenger transfers between Nerlerit Inaat Airport and Ittoqqortoormiit Heliport. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.627960205078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "In 2007, Flemming Knudson was moved to head the Royal Greenland fishing concern and current CEO Michael Binzer was hired with a mandate to lead the company towards greater commercialization and self-sufficiency under the Qarsoq 2012 (\"Arrow 2012\") plan. On 13 June, SAS announced its intention to sell its stake in Air Greenland, a move later incorporated into its restructuring program, but as of 2012 it has not found any buyers. On 1 October, the airline introduced its e-ticket system. Also in 2007, Air Greenland began direct service with Baltimore/Washington International Airport in the United States of America. After sixty American visitors were stranded by a strike of Air Greenland employees and the company refused to make alternate arrangements for their return, ticket sales slumped and the route was closed in March 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.05395221710205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "In the 2010s, Air Greenland has curtailed some services. On 1 January 2010, Air Greenland suspended its participation in SAS's EuroBonus frequent-flyer program. In 2011, nonstop service from Narsarsuaq to Copenhagen was suspended. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.486855506896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "However, some expansion is planned. In order to compete with Air Iceland, which operates service from Reykjavik Airport to Nuuk, Narsarsuaq, Ilulissat, and the east coast of Greenland and now controls about 15% the market in Greenland-bound travel, Air Greenland may open a nonstop route between Nuuk and Keflavík International Airport in Iceland. Also, owing to improved technology and higher commodity prices, the Maarmorilik mines were due to reopen in November 2010 with zinc and iron ore reserves projected to last 50 years. As in the 1970s, the mine's supply flights to the mine will be operated by Air Greenland, using Bell helicopters (212s) based out of the Uummannaq Heliport. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.113966941833496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland's last remaining Twin Otter was sold in 2011 to Norlandair in exchange for cash and a one-fourth interest in the Icelandic company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.093827247619629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Reopening the connection to Iqaluit, now the capital of Nunavut, was considered by Air Greenland in late 2009, but finally happened in 2012. However, this service ceased in 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.139028549194336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland's domestic airport network includes all 13 civilian airports within Greenland. Outside Greenland, the airline currently operates transatlantic flights to Keflavík International Airport in Iceland, Copenhagen Airport in Denmark, and Iqaluit Airport in Canada.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.069190979003906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Smaller communities are served via heliports which connect with hubs located at Upernavik Airport in the Upernavik Archipelago in northwestern Greenland; at Uummannaq Heliport in the Uummannaq Fjord region in northwestern Greenland; at Ilulissat and Aasiaat Airports in the Disko Bay region in western Greenland; at Qaqortoq and Nanortalik Heliports in southern Greenland; and at Tasiilaq Heliport in southeastern Greenland. Of the 45 heliports in use, 8 are primary and equipt with a tarmac, a terminal building, and permanent staff. The other heliports are helistops with either a gravel or grass landing area. Often helicopters need to make more than one flight for each connection to a fixed-wing flight because of passenger capacity, causing longer total travel time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.807198524475098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland also performs charter flights within Europe on behalf of European travel agencies using its Airbus A330. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.329219818115234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland has interline agreements with the following airlines:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.596514701843262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "As of April 2015, the Air Greenland fleet includes the following active aircraft: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.884079933166504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "File:15-09-21 127 Air Greenland, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland.jpg| Short take-off and landing (STOL) capability and the ability to carry both passengers and freight are important for airline success in the far north.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484561920166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "File:15-09-21 111 Air Greenland, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland.jpg| Air Greenland Dash 8 Q200 taxiing in from the main runway at Kangerlussuaq.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.982464790344238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "File:15-09-21 103 Air Greenland, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland.jpg| During the long daylight hours of the summer season, turnaround of passengers and freight is constant on these Dash 8 Q200 aircraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.063761711120605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The Bell 212 is the primary helicopter used for flights to district villages. The older Sikorsky S-61N machines are stationed in Ilulissat Airport and Qaqortoq Heliport. With a capacity to seat 25 passengers, the S-61 based in southern Greenland was used to shuttle passengers arriving from Copenhagen at Narsarsuaq Airport. The sale of the Boeing 757 in April 2010 contributed to the long-term decline of the airport, with the airline planning to remove the old helicopter from the fleet. Three of the Bell 222 helicopters are taken out of active service and remain stationed in Kangerlussuaq Airport having been put up for sale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.734479904174805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The Greenlandic Government and the SAS Group are the largest shareholders of the airline, owning a 37.5% stake each. The Danish Government owns the remaining 25% of the stock. The Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure, and Transport oversees the development of the transport industry in Greenland and controls Mittarfeqarfiit, the airport authority in Greenland. Between them, they control mandatory services, airport taxes, pricing policies, maritime connections, and tourism development, effectively allowing Greenland Home Rule to control the company in spite of the other stakeholders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.219011306762695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The board of directors, chaired by Julia Pars of Greenland Home Rule, includes representatives of all three shareholders and the airline employees. Michael Binzer, previously heading the airline's marketing and sales department, has been holding the position of chief executive officer since June 2007. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565423011779785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The charter unit within Air Greenland is led by Hans Peter Hansen and employs 8 people, with 13 helicopters and 3 fixed-wing aircraft at its disposal. Excess capacity of airplanes is used for regular charters to tourist destinations in Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.536877632141113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The helicopters, primarily the AS350, are used for special flights, such as search and rescue, air ambulance, charter flights to the Thule Air Base on contract with the U.S. Air Force, geological exploration, and supply flights to the mining sites and the research stations on the Greenland ice sheet. During the peak summer season, the helicopter crew is supplemented by freelance pilots from Norway and Sweden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.084577560424805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland co-owns the Arctic Umiaq Line jointly (50% each) with Royal Arctic, Greenland's government-owned shipping line. Arctic Umiaq runs the ferry M/S Sarfaq Ittuk among Greenland's coastal communities from Ilulissat in the north to Narsaq in the south. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.882523536682129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "The ferry has been unprofitable since its founding in 2006, but Greenland Home Rule provided the owners with a loss guarantee through 2011, allowing the subsidiary to break even. The deficit was DKK 8.1 million for 2011 and, on 16 March 2010, Air Greenland announced plans to divest its stock. Greenland Home Rule avoided this by undertaking to continue the guarantee at least through 2016. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239108085632324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland wholly owns Hotel Arctic A/S, a hotel and travel agency based in Ilulissat. Hotel Arctic in turn partially owns World of Greenland, an outfitter company also based in Ilulissat. The airline also owns Greenland Travel, a package-tour travel agency based in Copenhagen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.317992210388184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland offers flexible and restricted economy class on all flights operated with fixed-wing aircraft, with complimentary snacks and drinks. On transatlantic flights to Copenhagen, both economy class and business class seats are available, with in-flight meals served in all classes. Air Greenland publishes a quarterly Suluk (Kalaallisut: \"Wing\") in-flight magazine, with general information about current political and cultural events in Greenland and with news from the airline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.965751647949219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "A flexible business class – named \"Business-Class\" – is offered by Air Greenland on transatlantic flights aboard Norsaq, its Airbus A330-200. The service includes a personal video screen, an in-seat power source, an amenity kit, blankets, and a selection of newspapers. Passengers travelling on this class are eligible to use the Novia Business Class Lounge at Copenhagen Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.668094635009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "Air Greenland operates helicopter flights to most settlements in Greenland (\"settlement flights\") on contract with the government of Greenland, with the destination network subsidized and coordinated by the Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure, and Transport. Settlement flights are not featured in the company's timetable, although they can be pre-booked.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.397783279418945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "* On 25 October 1973, the Akigssek (\"Grouse\"), an Air Greenland S-61N (registration OY-HAI), crashed about 40 km south of Nuuk, resulting in the loss of 15 lives. It was en route to Paamiut from Nuuk. The same helicopter had had an emergency landing on the Kangerlussuaq fjord 2 years earlier, due to a double flameout on both engines because of ice in its intake. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.714872360229492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" }, { "answer": "Greenland", "passage": "* On 29 January 2014, the Paartoq an Air Greenland Dash 8-Q202 (registration OY-GRI), was involved in a runway excursion accident at Ilulissat Airport (BGJN), Greenland. Flight GL3205 originated in Kangerlussuaq Airport (BGSF), Greenland. four passengers were taken to the hospital for observation, there were no fatalities or serious injuries. Evidence available so far indicates that the airplane landed on runway 07 at the time of the accident. It then went off the left side of the runway. It then went down a 10–15 m dropoff and came to rest on rocky terrain approximately abeam the runway 25 threshold. The weather at the time of the incident was reported: Wind 110 degrees at 29 knots, gusting at 40 knots", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.435292720794678, "source": "wiki", "title": "Air Greenland" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Mary Debra Winger", "Debra Winger", "Deborah Winger" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "deborah winger", "debra winger", "mary debra winger" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "debra winger", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Debra Winger" }

[ { "answer": "Debra Winger", "passage": "Mary Debra Winger (born May 16, 1955) is an American actress. A three-time Oscar nominee, she received awards for acting in Terms of Endearment, for which she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress in 1983, and in A Dangerous Woman, for which she won the Tokyo International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 1993.", "precise_score": -7.796137809753418, "rough_score": -8.130257606506348, "source": "search", "title": "Born On The Same Day | People born on exactly the same day ..." }, { "answer": "Debra Winger", "passage": "Debra Winger", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49404239654541, "source": "search", "title": "Born On The Same Day | People born on exactly the same day ..." }, { "answer": "Debra Winger", "passage": "May 16, 1955- Debra Winger, actress", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.196690559387207, "source": "search", "title": "Famous May Birthdays from Holiday Insights" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "The Minotaur's", "The Minotaur", "Minotauros", "Minotaurus", "Minotaurs", "Minos bull", "Minataur", "Minotuar", "Minitaur", "Minotaur (Greek myth)", "Minotaur", "Μῑνώταυρος", "Minotours" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "minotaur s", "minotaurus", "minotaur greek myth", "minotours", "minotaur", "minataur", "μῑνώταυρος", "minotuar", "minotauros", "minotaurs", "minos bull", "minitaur" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "minotaur s", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "The Minotaur's" }

[ { "answer": "The Minotaur", "passage": "A composite being with a human body and an animal's head, or sometimes vice-versa. Examples from Europe include the minotaur (man's body, bull's head) and the harpy (bird's body, woman's head); from Babylonia, the lamassu (bull's body, man's head); in ancient Egypt, almost every god in the pantheon (except for Ptah and Osiris, who were mummiform humans); in India, the avatars of Vishnu like Varaha (man-boar), Narasimha (man-lion), etc., and the nagarajas. In China, the only theriomorphs were the very early snake-bodied gods (Fuxi and Wenla) and - most often - simply humans who reincarnated as animals.", "precise_score": -11.131097793579102, "rough_score": -9.368243217468262, "source": "search", "title": "Glossary of Asian Art - art and archaeology" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Iris", "IRIS", "Iris (song)", "Iris (disambiguation)", "Iris (band)", "IRIS (band)", "IRIS (disambiguation)", "Iris (genus)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "iris", "iris band", "iris song", "iris disambiguation", "iris genus" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "iris", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Iris" }

[ { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Rainbows occur frequently in mythology, and have been used in the arts. One of the earliest literary occurrences of a rainbow is in Genesis 9, as part of the flood story of Noah, where it is a sign of God's covenant to never destroy all life on earth with a global flood again. In Norse mythology, the rainbow bridge Bifröst connects the world of men (Midgard) and the realm of the gods (Asgard). Cuchavira was the god of the rainbow for the Muisca people in present-day Colombia and when the regular rains on the Bogotá savanna were over, the people thanked him offering gold, snails and small emeralds. The Irish leprechaun's secret hiding place for his pot of gold is usually said to be at the end of the rainbow. This place is appropriately impossible to reach, because the rainbow is an optical effect which cannot be approached.", "precise_score": 2.0972843170166016, "rough_score": 4.087240695953369, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Greek mythology, Iris (; ) is the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea and the sky. Iris links the gods to humanity. She travels with the speed of wind from one end of the world to the other, and into the depths of the sea and the underworld.", "precise_score": 8.073843955993652, "rough_score": 7.321296215057373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In some records she is a sororal twin to the Titaness Arke (arch), who flew out of the company of Olympian gods to join the Titans as their messenger goddess during the Titanomachy, making the two sisters enemy messenger goddesses. Iris was said to have golden wings, whereas Arke had iridescent ones. She is also said to travel on the rainbow while carrying messages from the gods to mortals. During the Titan War, Zeus tore Arke's iridescent wings from her and gave them as a gift to the Nereid Thetis at her wedding, who in turn gave them to her son, Achilles, who wore them on his feet. Achilles was sometimes known as podarkes (feet like [the wings of] Arke.) Podarces was also the original name of Priam, king of Troy.", "precise_score": 1.2036798000335693, "rough_score": 0.3216564655303955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is represented either as a rainbow, or as a beautiful young maiden with wings on her shoulders. As a goddess, Iris is associated with communication, messages, the rainbow and new endeavors.", "precise_score": 0.14628012478351593, "rough_score": -1.8336650133132935, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods", "precise_score": 7.947242736816406, "rough_score": 7.9438676834106445, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS was the goddess of the rainbow and the messenger of the Olympian gods. She was often described as the handmaiden and personal messenger of Hera . Iris was a goddess of sea and sky--her father Thaumas \"the wondrous\" was a marine-god, and her mother Elektra \"the amber\" a cloud-nymph. For the coastal-dwelling Greeks, the rainbow's arc was most often seen spanning the distance beteween cloud and sea, and so the goddess was believed to replenish the rain-clouds with water from the sea. Iris had no distinctive mythology of her own. In myth she appears only as an errand-running messenger and was usually described as a virgin goddess. Her name contains a double meaning, being connected with both the Greek word iris \"the rainbow\" and eiris \"messenger.\"", "precise_score": 7.698378086090088, "rough_score": 7.182052135467529, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is depicted in ancient Greek vase painting as a beautiful young woman with golden wings, a herald's rod (kerykeion), and sometimes a water-pitcher (oinochoe) in her hand. She was usually depicted standing beside Zeus or Hera, sometimes serving nectar from her jug. As cup-bearer of the gods Iris is often indistinguishable from Hebe in art.", "precise_score": -2.603422164916992, "rough_score": -6.7485833168029785, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS (Iris), a daughter of Thaumas (whence she is called Thaumantias, Virg. Aen. ix. 5) and Electra, and sister of the Harpies. (Hes. Theog. 266, 780; Apollod. i. 2. § 6; Plat. Theaet. p. 155. d; Plut. de Plac. Philos. iii. 5.) In the Homeric poems she appears as the minister of the Olympian gods, who carries messages from Ida to Olympus, from gods to gods, and from gods to men. (Il. xv. 144, xxiv. 78, 95, ii. 787, xviii. 168, Hymn. in Apoll. Del. 102, &c.) In accordance with these functions of Iris, her name is commonly derived from erô eirô; so that Iris would mean \"the speaker or messenger:\" but it is not impossible that it may be connected with eirô, \"I join,\" whence eirênê ; so that Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, would be the joiner or conciliator, or the messenger of heaven, who restores peace in nature. In the Homeric poems, it is true, Iris does not appear as the goddess of the rainbow, but the rainbow itself is called iris (Il xi. 27, xvii. 547): and this brilliant phenomenon in tile skies, which vanishes as quickly as it appears, was regarded as the swift minister of the gods. Her genealogy too supports the opinion that Iris was originally the personification of the rainbow. In the earlier poets, and even in Theocritus (xvii. 134) and Virgil (Aen. v. 610) Iris appears as a virgin goddess; but according to later writers, she was married to Zephyrus, and became by him the mother of Eros. (Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 391, 555; Plut. Amat. 20.) With regard to her functions, which we have above briefly described, we may further observe, that the Odyssey never mentions Iris, but only Hermes as the messenger of the gods: in the Iliad, on the other hand, she appears most frequently, and on the most different occasions. She is principally engaged in the service of Zeus, but also in that of Hera, and even serves Achilles in calling the winds to his assistance. (Il. xxiii. 199.) She further performs her services not only when commanded, but she sometimes advises and assists of her own accord (iii. 122, xv. 201. xviii. 197. xxiv. 74, &c.). In later poets she appears on the whole in the same capacity as in the Iliad, but she occurs gradually more and more exclusively in the service of Hera, both in the later Greek and Latin poets. (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 232; Virg. Aen. v. 606; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 288, 432; Ov. Met. xiv. 830, &c.) Some poets describe Iris actually as the rainbow itself, but Servius (ad Aen v. 610) states that the rainbow is only the road on which Iris travels, and which therefore appears whenever the goddess wants it, and vanishes when it is no longer needed: and it would seem that this latter notion was the more prevalent one in antiquity. Respecting the worship of Iris very few traces have come down to us, and we only know that the Delians offered to her on the island of Hecate cakes made of wheat and honey and dried figs. (Athen. xiv. p. 645; comp. Müller, Aegin. p. 170.) No statues of Iris have been preserved, but we find her frequently represented on vases and in bas-reliefs, either standing and dressed in a long and wide tunic, over which hangs a light upper garment, with wings attached to her shoulders, and carrying the herald's staff in her left hand; or she appears flying with wings attached to her shoulders and sandals, with the staff and a pitcher in her hands.", "precise_score": 3.5158913135528564, "rough_score": -0.7127674221992493, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Sokrates (Socrates) : He who said that Iris (Rainbow ) was the child of Thaumas (Wonder) made a good genealogy.\"", "precise_score": 1.7485188245773315, "rough_score": -5.344216346740723, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS GODDESS OF THE RAINBOW", "precise_score": 4.8781657218933105, "rough_score": 5.341232776641846, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Zeus . . . charioted upon the Anemoi (Winds), Euros (the East), Boreas (the North), Zephyros (the West-wind), and Notos (the South) [the four-wind gods in the forms of horses] : for Iris rainbow-plumed led 'neath the yoke of his eternal ear that stormy team.\"", "precise_score": -1.9803143739700317, "rough_score": -2.3331949710845947, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris, in her thousand hues enrobed traced through the sky her arching bow . . . Iris entered, and the bright sudden radiance of her robe lit up the hallowed place . . . Iris departed, and fled away back o'er the arching rainbow as she came.\"", "precise_score": -2.566734790802002, "rough_score": -5.419723987579346, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Spreading her wings, the goddess [Iris] took off from earth, describing a rainbow arc under the clouds as she flew.\"", "precise_score": 1.9163129329681396, "rough_score": -0.5137201547622681, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Cicero's critical essay on the nature of the gods :] Why should not the glorious Rainbow be included among the gods? It is beautiful enough, and its marvellous loveliness has given rise to the legend that Iris is the daughter of Thaumas (Wonder). And if the Arcus (the Rainbow) [Iris] is a divinity, what will you do about the Nubes (Clouds) [Nephelai])? The rainbow itself is caused by some coloration of the clouds.\"", "precise_score": 0.6513398885726929, "rough_score": -0.4689452052116394, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Jupiter-Zeus] sends down swift Iris (the Rainbow) on her rosy cloud.\"", "precise_score": 0.38301438093185425, "rough_score": -0.334789514541626, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Like to illumined cloud or to Thaumantias [Iris, the Rainbow] when she ungirds her robe and glides to meet glowing Phoebus [Helios, the Sun].\"", "precise_score": -1.1406999826431274, "rough_score": -6.895218849182129, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The winged Arcadian [Hermes] is the messenger of supreme Jove [Zeus]; Juno [Hera] hath power over the rain-bringing Thaumantian [Iris the rainbow].\"", "precise_score": 0.5672758221626282, "rough_score": -1.4936752319335938, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris (the Rainbow) and Zephyros (the West-Wind) were occassionally called the parents of Pothos (passion). The union of the rainbow and west wind symbolised the variegated brilliance of passion.", "precise_score": -1.4004911184310913, "rough_score": -4.774739742279053, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The most grim of gods [Eros (Love)], whom Iris (the Rainbow) of the fair sandals bore, having lain with golden-haired Zephyros (Zephyrus, the West Wind).\"", "precise_score": -2.058645725250244, "rough_score": -0.6553505659103394, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The wife of Zephyros (West-Wind), Iris (Rainbow), the messenger of Zeus . . . Iris, goldenwing bride of plantnourishing Zephyros, happy mother of Eros (Love) [i.e. the eros Pothos].\"", "precise_score": 0.4444666802883148, "rough_score": -5.19755744934082, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris (the Rainbow) the bride of Zephyros (the West Wind) and mother of Pothos (Desire).\"", "precise_score": 0.7466058135032654, "rough_score": -4.762180328369141, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris, great Juno's [Hera's] envoy, rainbow-clad.\"", "precise_score": -3.2862908840179443, "rough_score": -6.97919225692749, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The winged Arcadian [Hermes] is the messenger of supreme Jove [Zeus]; Juno [Hera] hath power over the rain-bringing Thaumantian [Iris the rainbow].\"", "precise_score": 0.5672758221626282, "rough_score": -1.4936752319335938, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"For, while they [Aeneas and his men in Italy] perform the rites at the tomb with various contests, Iris has been despatched from heaven by Hera, on the wings of a favouring wind, to the Trojan fleet : the goddess has certain designs; unappeased as yet is her old resentment. Unseen by any, the virginal Iris speeds to earth, sliding along the curve of a rainbow of many colours. She observes the vast assembly, and then, scanning the shore, sees the deserted harbour, the ships left unattended. But, by themselves, at a distance, upon a lonely beach the Trojan women lamented . . . Iris, who was an expert at trouble-making, put off now her heavenly mien and raiment, went quickly amongst them and joined the group of Trojan matrons, transformed into the likeness of Beroe : ‘[And persuaded the Roman maidens set fire to the ships] . . .’", "precise_score": -1.7092357873916626, "rough_score": -1.8409898281097412, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "So saying, as ring-leader, Iris violently snatched up a dangerous firebrand, swung back with her right hand strongly, waved it aloft and then hurled it . . . But now, spreading her wings, the goddess took off from earth, describing a rainbow arc under the clouds as she flew. Then indeed, amazed at the miracle, driven by a frenzy, all crying out . . . [they hurled flaming] greenery, twigs, torches onto the ships.\"", "precise_score": -0.8476341962814331, "rough_score": -3.953829288482666, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "So she said; then soaring to heaven on balanced wings, blazed a rainbow trail beneath the clouds as she flew. Turnus recognised her divinity, raised his two hands heavenwards, and sent these words after the fleeting goddess : ‘Iris, glory of the sky, who was it conveyed you, cloud-borne, down to me here on earth?’\"", "precise_score": 0.8776972889900208, "rough_score": -1.287614107131958, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Then, her task performed, Iris departed, for she could no more endure the power of Somnus [Hypnos], as drowsiness stole seeping through her frame, and fled away back o'er the arching rainbow as she came . . . The old god chose Morpheus to undertake Thaumantias' [Iris'] commands.\"", "precise_score": -1.2308679819107056, "rough_score": -6.089531421661377, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Hither from the blue sky came in balanced flight the varicoloured maid [Iris the rainbow]; the forests shine out, and the shady glens smile upon the goddess, and smitten with her zones of radiance the palace starts from its sleep; but he himself, awoken neither by the bright glow nor by the sound or voice of the goddess, lay motionless as ever, till the Thaumantian [Iris] shot at him all her splendours and sank deep into his drowsy vision. Then thus began to speak the golden fashioner of clouds : ‘Somnus [Hypnos], gentlest of the gods, Juno [Hera] bids thee bind fast the Sidonian [Theban] leaders and the folk of ruthless Cadmus, who now, puffed up by the issue of fight, are watching in ceaseless vigil the Achaean rampart, and refuse thy sway. Grant so solemn a request--rarely is this opportunity vouchsafed, to win the favour of Jove [Zeus] with Juno [Hera] on thy side.’", "precise_score": 1.023530125617981, "rough_score": 0.18890142440795898, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Hera made her way brooding to the waters of Khremetes [Chremetes, a river of North Africa] in the west . . . and she sought out the wife of jealous Zephyros (West-Wind), Iris (Rainbow), the messenger of Zeus when he is in a hurry--for she wished to send her swift as the wind from heaven with a message for shadowy Hypnos (Hypnus, Sleep). She called Iris then, and coaxed her with friendly words : ‘Iris, goldenwing bride of plantnourishing Zephyros, happy mother of Eros (Love) [i.e. Pothos]! Hasten with stormshod foot to the home of gloomy Hypnos in the west. Seek also about seagirt Lemnos, and if you find him tell him to charm the eyes of Zeus uncharmable for one day, that I may help the Indians. But change your shape, take the ugly form of Hypnos' mother the blackgirdled goddess Nyx (Night); take a false name and become darkness . . . Promise him Pasithea for his bride, and let him do my need from desire of her beauty. I need not tell you that one lovesick will do anything for hope.’", "precise_score": -1.2312458753585815, "rough_score": -0.4661722183227539, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Hersilie (Hersilia), his [Romulus the King of Rome's] consort, mourned his loss, and royal Juno [Hera] bade Iris descend her rainbow and exhort the widowed queen [to visit the grove of her apotheosed husband, the god Quirinus] . . . Iris obeyed and gliding down to earth along her many-coloured bow addressed Hersilie in the words prescribed; and she in awe and reverence would hardly raise her eyes. ‘Goddess,’ she answered, ‘who thou art I cannot well surmise, but clear it is thou art a goddess.’ . . .", "precise_score": 1.0345423221588135, "rough_score": -0.6811571717262268, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "(The Machine brings in Iris (Goddess of the Rainbow), in the form of a young girl.)", "precise_score": 2.2310056686401367, "rough_score": 3.7355616092681885, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess", "precise_score": 4.501308917999268, "rough_score": 6.078764915466309, "source": "search", "title": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess", "precise_score": 4.501312255859375, "rough_score": 6.078764915466309, "source": "search", "title": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Areas of Influence: Iris Goddess of the rainbow and messenger to the Gods.", "precise_score": 2.1701900959014893, "rough_score": 0.043401800096035004, "source": "search", "title": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow", "precise_score": 5.3064727783203125, "rough_score": 4.980318069458008, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Although little is known about Iris, there are fragments of stories which can be assembled to create a well-rounded biography.  She is the Greek goddess of the rainbow and messenger to the gods; her role in Greek mythology is evident in the roots of her name:  iris (meaning rainbow) and eiris (meaning messenger).  Her mother is Elektra, a cloud-nymph, and her father is Thaumas, a sea god; thus, Iris came into being through the unity of sky and water, refilling the clouds with water when they are depleted.", "precise_score": 8.147061347961426, "rough_score": 6.690735340118408, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "The rainbow is a symbol for many cultures and peoples; Iris has a counterpart in Zulu mythology, who is known as Mbaba Mwana Maresa , and Ix Chel in Mayan tradition.  Iris is often pictured with a staff known as a kerykeion (similar to a caduceus) or an oinochoe (water pitcher).  The flower iris grows in a variety of colors with a variety of unique aromas; each color of the rainbow has a specific meaning, and together their meanings are magnified:", "precise_score": -0.6339421272277832, "rough_score": 0.8110440969467163, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow", "precise_score": 8.517227172851562, "rough_score": 8.17877197265625, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, the goddess of the rainbow", "precise_score": 6.078554630279541, "rough_score": 5.869091987609863, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris was the personification of the rainbow, which the Ancient Greeks believed to be the dress of the goddess. Like the rainbow is a bridge to the sky, Iris was also the mediator between the gods and the humans, revealing the will of the gods to the people.", "precise_score": 5.904582500457764, "rough_score": 5.594100475311279, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris was chosen by the gods to carry water from the Styx (the river of the Oaths), to Mount Olympus for the gods to swear by. Since she could move with the speed of the wind, Iris acted also like the messenger of the gods.She took the orders of Zeus and the other deities from the \"eye of heaven\" and, sliding down the curve of the rainbow,she appeared in front of the people in a human form and revealed the orders to them.", "precise_score": 0.1239478811621666, "rough_score": -0.9315219521522522, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Furthermore, Iris was a goddess of the sea and the sky.", "precise_score": -2.1584722995758057, "rough_score": -3.5857596397399902, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris was the personification of the rainbow in Greek mythology, as well as messenger of the gods along with Hermes . She was also known as the goddess of the sea and the sky. She was the daughter of Thaumas and Electra , sister to Arke, Aello, Celaeno and Ocypete. She was married to Zephyrus, the god of the west wind, and had a son, Pothos. It was said that she travelled on the rainbow while carrying divine messages to the mortals . She was depicted carrying a pitcher filled with water from the River Styx , which she gave to anyone who perjured themselves, putting them to sleep.", "precise_score": 9.018641471862793, "rough_score": 8.048585891723633, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris | Greek mythology | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -2.848860740661621, "rough_score": -6.412575721740723, "source": "search", "title": "Iris | Greek mythology | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, in Greek mythology , the personification of the rainbow and (in Homer’s Iliad, for example) a messenger of the gods. According to the Greek poet Hesiod , she was the daughter of Thaumas and the ocean nymph Electra. In Hesiod’s works, at least, she had the additional duty of carrying water from the River Styx in a ewer whenever the gods had to take a solemn oath. The water would render unconscious for one year any god or goddess who lied. In art, Iris was normally portrayed with wings, and her attributes were the herald’s staff and a vase. She was shown serving wine to the gods or escorting them to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis .", "precise_score": 6.947883605957031, "rough_score": 6.354517459869385, "source": "search", "title": "Iris | Greek mythology | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Greek mythology, Iris is the personified goddess of the rainbow. She is regarded as the messenger of the gods to humankind, and particularly of the goddess Hera whose orders she brought to humans. She is able to change shapes and when delivering messages to mortals Iris assumes the appearance of a mortal known to those who receive the message. ", "precise_score": 9.242033958435059, "rough_score": 7.946037769317627, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Greek mythology, Iris is the personified goddess of the rainbow. She is regarded as the messenger of the gods to humankind, and particularly of the goddess Hera whose orders she brought to humans. She is able to change shapes and when delivering messages to mortals Iris assumes the appearance of a mortal known to those who receive the message. ", "precise_score": 9.242033958435059, "rough_score": 7.946037769317627, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow", "precise_score": 5.916628360748291, "rough_score": 5.613290786743164, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "The Greek Iris is often confused with a Roman goddess with the same name.", "precise_score": -2.034921646118164, "rough_score": -4.058840751647949, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "The Romans worshipped a goddess named Iris who was also identified with the rainbow but the Roman Iris had a distinctly negative countenance and was a portent of sadness and doom.", "precise_score": 4.202704906463623, "rough_score": 5.277769088745117, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "According to Hesiod's Theogony, Iris is the daughter of Thaumas and the cloud nymph Electra, and the sister of the Harpies: Aello and Ocypete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.706172943115234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "During the Titanomachy, Iris was the messenger of the Olympian Gods, while her twin sister Arke betrayed the Olympians and became the messenger of the Titans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.75985336303711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is frequently mentioned as a divine messenger in the Iliad which is attributed to Homer, but does not appear in his Odyssey, where Hermes fills that role. Like Hermes, Iris carries a caduceus or winged staff. By command of Zeus, the king of the gods, she carries an ewer of water from the River Styx, with which she puts to sleep all who perjure themselves.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.219141960144043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "According to Apollonius Rhodius, Iris turned back the Argonauts Zetes and Calais who had pursued the Harpies to the Strophades ('Islands of Turning'). The brothers had driven off the monsters from their torment of the prophet Phineus, but did not kill them upon the request of Iris, who promised that Phineus would not be bothered by the Harpies again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.670008659362793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is married to Zephyrus, who is the god of the west wind. Their son is Pothos (Nonnus, Dionysiaca). According to the Dionysiaca of Nonnos, Iris' brother is Hydaspes (book XXVI, lines 355-365).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484066009521484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Euripides' play Heracles, Iris appears alongside Lyssa, cursing Heracles with the fit of madness in which he kills his three sons and his wife Megara.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.605772972106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris also appears several times in Virgil's Aeneid, usually as an agent of Juno. In Book 4, Juno dispatches her to pluck a lock of hair from the head of Queen Dido, that she may die and enter Hades. In book 5, Iris, having taken on the form of a Trojan woman, stirs up the other Trojan mothers to set fire to four of Aeneas' ships in order to prevent them from leaving Sicily.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.393563270568848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris had numerous poetic titles and epithets, including Chrysopteron (Golden Winged), Podas ôkea (swift footed) or Podênemos ôkea (wind-swift footed), Roscida (dewy), and Thaumantias or Thaumantos (Daughter of Thaumas, Wondrous One). Under the epithet Aellopus () she was described as swift-footed like a storm-wind. She also watered the clouds with her pitcher, obtaining the water from the sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.206870079040527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* \"Arco iris\" and \"arco-íris\" are the words for \"rainbow\" in Spanish and Portuguese, respectively, where \"Arco\" means \"bow\" in English.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.316621780395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* The iris of the eye is named after her, to reflect the many colours of the eye.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168645858764648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* The asteroid 7 Iris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192261695861816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Iris (plant)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.211207389831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* The hormone Irisin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32495403289795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Auguste Rodin, Iris, Messenger of the Gods, ca. 1890 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46325397491455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* In 1946, Iris was depicted on a 50-franc airmail stamp in France. This was accompanied the same year by a 40-franc airmail stamp depicting a centaur shooting an arrow into the sky.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.825784683227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Iris appears as a character in William Shakespeare's play The Tempest (1611).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.959437370300293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Iris appears in the Disney movie Fantasia at the end of the segment featuring the Pastoral Symphony by Beethoven.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25643539428711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Iris is a character used in the Percy Jackson and The Olympians and Heroes of Olympus series by Rick Riordan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.759252548217773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Iris appears in \"Ransom\" by Australian author David Malouf. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175178527832031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "* Iris is the main character in Iris the colourful by Joan Holub", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896514892578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iris (mythology)" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094029426574707, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, Athenian red-figure lekythos C5th B.C., Rhode Island School of Design Museum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.961520195007324, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "FAMILY OF IRIS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254681587219238, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "AELLOPUS (Aellopous), a surname of Iris, the messenger of the gods, by which she is described as swift-footed like a storm-wind. Homer uses the form aellopos. (Il. 409.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.406964302062988, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, Athenian red-figure stamnos C5th B.C., Musée du Louvre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.685483932495117, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Now Thaumas married a daughter of deep-running Okeanos (Oceanus), Elektra (Electra), and she bore him swift-footed Iris, the rainbow.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.426966667175293, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Thaumas and Elektra (Electra) had [children] Iris and the Harpyiai (Harpies) named Aello and Okypete (Ocypete).\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8949556350708, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"From Thaumas and Electra : Iris, Harpyiae (Harpies) Celaeno, Ocypete, Podarce.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871614456176758, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"He [the River Hydaspes] had the genuine Titan blood; for from the bed of primeval Thaumas his rosyarm consort Elektra (Electra) brought forth two children--from that bed came a River and a messenger of the heavenly ones, Iris quick as the wind and swiftly flowing Hydaspes, Iris travelling on foot and Hydaspes by water.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.211825370788574, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris storm-footed sprang away . . . and at a point between Samos and Imbros of the high cliffs plunged in the dark water, and the sea crashed moaning about her. She plummeted to the sea floor like a lead weight.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025078773498535, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Thaumantias [i.e. Iris daughter of Thaumas]. The cousin of Aiolos (Aeolus) Hippotades (son of Hippotes) [ god of the winds].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.739641189575195, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The thunder crashed and storms of blinding rain poured down from heaven. Iris, great Juno's [Hera's] envoy, rainbow-clad, gathered the waters and refilled the clouds.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.812870025634766, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Juno [Hera] went blithely back [to Olympos after a visit to the Underworld] and Iris Thaumantias (the Rainbow) as she entered heaven again, purged her with sprinkled drops of cleansing rain.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.251509666442871, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris glided down to earth along her many-coloured bow.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1914701461792, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Soaring to heaven on balanced wings, [Iris] blazed a rainbow trail beneath the clouds as she flew . . . Iris, glory of the sky, cloud-borne.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.385982513427734, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Hera] bids her own Iris gird herself with her wonted circles . . . [and so] the bright goddess leaves the pole and wings her way down her long arc to earth . . . Hither from the blue sky came in balanced flight the varicoloured maid; the forests shine out, and the shady glens smile upon the goddess, and smitten with her zones of radiance the palace starts . . . [Iris] the golden fashioner of clouds . . . Iris goes forth, and tricks out her beams, made dim by showers of rain.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.757143020629883, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Juno's [Hera's] maid [Iris the rainbow], who glides down through the liquid air and binds her pictured arc about the rainy sky.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.119354724884033, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"And the rain’s comrade, the bow of Iris, wove her many colours into a rounded track, and shone bent under the light-shafts of Phaethon [Helios the Sun] opposite, mingling pale with dark, and light with rosy.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401435852050781, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS WIFE OF ZEPHYRUS & MOTHER OF POTHOS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350916862487793, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS MESSENGER OF THE GODS (GENERAL REFERENCES)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.802023887634277, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris and the feast of the gods, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.86963939666748, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"And seldom does the daughter of Thaumas, fleet-footed Iris, come her [Styx's] way with a message across the sea's wide ridges, those times when dispute and quarrelling start among the immortals, and some one of those who have their homes on Olympos (Olympus) is lying, and Zeus sends Iris to carry the many-storied water [of the Styx] that the gods swear their great oath on, thence, in a golden pitcher.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.656676292419434, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Sokrates (Socrates) : Let us inquire what thought men had in giving them [the gods] their names . . . The first men who gave names [to the gods] were no ordinary persons, but high thinkers and great talkers . . . Iris [like Hermes] also seems to have got her name from eirein, because she is a messenger.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.565690994262695, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Arke (Arce) was the daughter of Thaumas and her sister was Iris; both had wings, but, during the struggle of the gods against the Titanes (Titans), Arke flew out of the camp of the gods and joined the Titanes [as their messenger, just as Iris served the Olympian Gods].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.050551414489746, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Juno's [Hera's] maid [Iris the rainbow], who glides down through the liquid air and binds her pictured arc about the rainy sky.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.119354724884033, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"From the bed of primeval Thaumas his rosyarm consort Elektra (Electra) . . . [came] a messenger of the heavenly ones, Iris.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.657636642456055, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "See also the sections describing messenger Iris in myth (below).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95624828338623, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS & THE EXILE OF DEMETER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179272651672363, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Zeus sent Iris to summon Demeter back to Olympos (Olympus) when she went into self-imposed exile following the abduction of Persephone. But the goddess refused to heed the call.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9925971031188965, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"First he [Zeus] sent golden-winged Iris to call rich-haired Demeter, lovely in form [to return to the gods on Olympos]. So he commanded. And she obeyed the dark-clouded son of Kronos (Cronus), and sped with swift feet across the space between. She came to . . . Eleusis, and there finding dark-cloaked Demeter in her temple spake to her and uttered winged words : ‘Demeter, father Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, calls you to come join the tribes of the eternal gods: come therefore, and let not the message I bring from Zeus pass unobeyed.’ Thus said Iris imploring her.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.449552059173584, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS & THE LABOUR OF LETO", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19448184967041, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Sotheby's Auction", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.754714965820312, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"But the goddesses [arrived on Delos to attend the labour of the goddess Leto] sent out Iris from the well-set isle to bring Eileithyia . . . and they bade Iris call her aside from white-armed Hera, lest she might afterwards turn her from coming with her words. When swift Iris, fleet of foot as the wind, had heard all this, she set to run; and quickly finishing all the distance she came to the home of the gods, sheer Olympos, and forthwith called Eileithyia out from the hall to the door and spoke winged words to her, telling her all as the goddesses who dwell on Olympos had bidden her.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.369491100311279, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Hera] kept watch within the sky, angered in her heart greatly and beyond telling, and she prevented Leto who was holden in the pangs of child-birth. And she had two look-outs to keep watch upon the earth. The space of the continents did bold Ares watch . . . And the other kept watch over the far-flung islands, even Thaumantia [Iris daughter of Thaumas] seated on Mimas, whither she had sped. There they sat and threatened all the cities which Leto approached and prevented them from receiving her . . . After much toil She [Leto pregnant with Apollon and Artemis and forced to wander the earth by the rage of Hera] came unto the Isles (Nesoi) of the sea. But they received her not when she came--not the Ekhinades (Echidnades) with their smooth anchorage for ships, not Kerkyra (Corcyra) which is of all other islands most hospitable, since Iris on lofty Mimas was wroth with them all and utterly prevented them. And at her rebuke they fled all together, every one that she came to, along the waters.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.211675643920898, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Iris reports the birth of Apollon to Hera on Olympos :] A swift messenger [Iris] hastened to thee [Hera]. And, still breathing heavily, she [Iris] spake--and her speech was mingled with fear : ‘Honoured Hera, of goddesses most excellent far, thine am I, all things are thine, and thou sittest authentic queen of Olympos, and we fear no other female hand; and thou, O Queen, wilt know who is the cause of thine anger. Leto is undoing her girdle within and island. All the others spurned her and received her not; but Asteria called her by name as she was passing by--Asteria that evil scum of the sea: thou knowest it thyself. But, dear Lady,--for thou canst-- defend thy servants, who tread the earth at thy behest.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.80844497680664, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS & THE ARGONAUTS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1953763961792, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Hesiod also says that those with Zetes [the Argonauts] turned and prayed to Zeus : ‘There they prayed to the lord of Ainos (Aenus) who reigns on high.’ Apollonios indeed says it was Iris who made Zetes and his following turn away, but Hesiod says Hermes.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.27393627166748, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Yet even with Heaven against them [the Boreades], the long chase would certainly have ended with their tearing the Harpyai (Harpies) to pieces when they overtook them at the Ekhinades (Echidnades), but for Iris of the swift feet, who when she saw them leapt down from Olympos through the sky and checked them with these words : ‘Sons of Boreas, you may not touch the Harpyai with your swords: they are the hounds of almighty Zeus. But I myself will undertake an oath that never again shall they come near to Phineus.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.238065719604492, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "And she went on to swear by the waters of Styx, the most portentous and inviolable oath that any god can take, that the Harpyai should never visit Phineus' house again, such being Fate's decree . . . The Harpyai and Iris went their different ways . . . Iris soared up to Olympos, cleaving the air with her unflagging wings.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.723567008972168, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Nothing of this escaped Hera . . . Iris pointed them [the Argonauts] out to her when she saw them leaving the hall. The goddess had asked her to watch for the moment when they [the Argonauts] set out for the ship; and now she urged her once again to help her : ‘Dear Iris, if ever you have done my bidding, serve me now. Speed away on your light wings and ask Thetis to come here to me out of the salt sea depths. I need her. After that, go to the seacoast where the bronze anvils of Hephaistos (Hephaestus) are pounded by his mighty hammers, and tell him to let his bellows sleep till Argo has passed by. Next, go to Aiolos (Aeolus), king of the sky-born winds, and to him too convey my wishes, which are that he should order all the winds of heaven to cease . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.468158721923828, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, spreading her light pinions, swooped down from Olympos and cleft the air. Plunging first in to the Aigaion (Aegean) Sea where Nereus lives, she approached Thetis, delivered the message from Hera, and urged her to go to the goddess. Then she went to Hephaistos and easily persuaded him to rest. The iron hammers ceased, the smoky bellows blew no more. Last of all, she went to Aiolos, the famous son of Hippotas, and when she had given him too her message, she rested her swift limbs, the errand done.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.869683265686035, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Juno [Hera] spies winged Iris and bids her swiftly obey Dione's [Aphrodite's] command and bring the Aesonian youth [Jason, leader of the Argonauts] to the appointed grove. Iris forthwith seeks out the Minyae [Argonauts], and Cytherea [Aphrodite] the Colchian maid [Medea] [to arrange their destined meeting and love] . . . [and upon their meeting] the Thaumantian [Iris] rose on swift wings and fled.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61596393585205, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS & THE TROJAN WAR", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149068832397461, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Poseidon and Iris, Athenian red-figure calyx krater C5th B.C., Yale University Art Gallery", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.567965507507324, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Now to the Trojans came as messenger wind-footed Iris, in her speed, with the dark message from Zeus of the aigis. These were holding assembly standing close at hand swift-running Iris spoke to them, and likened her voice to that of the son of Priamos (Priam), Polites . . . In this man's likeness Iris the swift-running spoke to them : ‘Old sir, dear to you forever are words beyond number as once, when there was peace; but now stintless war has arisen. In my time I have gone into many battles among men, yet never have I seen a host like this, not one so numerous. These look terribly like leaves, or the sands of the sea-shore, as they advance across the plain to fight by the city. Hektor (Hector), on you beyond all I urge this, to do as I tell you: all about the great city of Priamos are many companions,but multitudinous is the speech of the scattered nations: let each man who is their leader give orders to these men, and let each set his citizens in order, and lead them.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.091926574707031, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Now to Helene (Helen) of the white arms came a messenger, Iris, in the likeness of her sister-in-law . . . Laodike (Laodice) . . . She came on Helene in the chamber . . . Iris of the swift feet stood beside her and spoke to her : ‘Come with me, dear girl, to behold the marvellous things done by Trojans, breaker of horses, and bronze-armoured Akhaians (Achaeans), who just now carried sorrowful war against each other, in the plain, and all their desire was for deadly fighting; now they are all seated in silence, the fighting has ended; they lean on their shields, the tall spears stuck in the ground beside them. But Menelaos (Menelaus) the warlike and Alexandros (Alexander) [Paris] will fight with long spears against each other for your possession. You shall be called beloved wife of the man who wins you.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.586160659790039, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The goddess [Aphrodite] departed in pain [from the Trojan battlefield], hurt badly [by Diomedes], and Iris wind-footed took her by the hand and led her away from the battle, her lovely skin blood-darkened, wounded and suffering . . . She mounted the chariot and beside her entering Iris gathered the reins up and whipped them into a run, and they winged their way unreluctant. Now as they came to sheer Olympos, the place of the immortals, there swift Iris the wind-footed reined in her horses and slipped them from the yoke and threw fodder immortal before them.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.186298847198486, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Hera and Athena depart for Troy, defying the commands of Zeus :] But Zeus father, watching from Ida, was angered terribly and stirred Iris of the golden wings to run with his message : ‘Go forth, Iris the swift, turn them back again, let them not reach me, since we would close in fighting thus that would be unseemly. For I will say this straight out, and it will be a thing accomplished: [He gives her his message.]’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.619958877563477, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "He spoke, and Iris, storm-footed, rose with his message and took her way from the peaks of Ida to tall Olympos, and at the utmost gates of many-folded Olympos, met and stayed them [Athene and Hera from departing for Troy against the express order of Zeus], and spoke the word that Zeus had given her: ‘Where so furious? How can your hearts so storm within you? The son of Kronos (Cronus) will not let you stand by the Argives. Since Zeus has uttered this threat and will make it a thing accomplished: [she repeats message verbatim] . . . Yes, you [Athene], bold brazen wench, are audacious indeed, if truly you dare lift up your gigantic spear in the face of you father. [She then relays the warning from Zeus.] . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.294524192810059, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "So Iris the swift-footed spoke and went away from them.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215527534484863, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The father of gods and men descending out of the sky took his place along the ridges of Ida . . . He sent on her way Iris of the golden wings with a message. ‘Go on your way, swift Iris, and carry my word to Hektor (Hector) : [He gives her a message.] . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.23392105102539, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "He spoke, and swift wind-footed Iris did not disobey him, but went down along the hills of Ida to sacred Ilion, and found the son of wise Priamos (Priam), Hektor (Hector) the brilliant, standing among the compacted chariots and by the horses. Iris the swift of foot came close beside and spoke to him: ‘Hektor, o son of Priamos and equal of Zeus in counsel, Zeus my father has sent me down to tell you this message. [Iris repeats the message verbatim] . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.170251846313477, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Swift foot Iris spoke to him thus and went away from him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281599998474121, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Zeus addresses Hera on Mt Ida when he spies Poseidon on the battlefield of Troy in defiance of his edicts :] ‘Go now among the generation of gods, and summon Iris to come here to me . . . so that Iris may go among the bronze-armoured people of the Akhaians (Achaeans), and give a message to lord Poseidon to leave the fighting and come back to the home that is his.’\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.287545204162598, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[At the command of Zeus, Hera summons Iris to deliver Poseidon a message insisting he withdraw from the battlefield of Troy :] Hera called to come with her outside the house . . . [Apollon and] Iris, who is the messenger among the immortal gods, and spoke to them and addressed them in winged words : ‘Zeus wishes both of you to go to him with all speed, at Ida; but when you have come there and looked upon Zeus' countenance, then you must do whatever he urges you, and his orders.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.666383743286133, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": ". . . They in a flash of speed winged their way onward. They came to Ida . . . These two came into the presence of Zeus the cloud-gatherer and stood, nor was his heart angry when he looked upon them, seeing they had promptly obeyed the message of his dear lady. He spoke to Iris first of the two, and addressed her in winged words : ‘Go on you way now, swift Iris, to the lord Poseidon, and give him all this message nor be a false messenger. Tell him . . . [He relates a message.]’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.252074241638184, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "He spoke, and swift wind-footed Iris did not disobey him but went along the hills of Ida to sacred Ilion. As those times when out of the clouds the snow or the hail whirls cold beneath the blast of the north wind born in the bright air, so rapidly in her eagerness winged Iris, the swift one, and stood beside the famed shaker of the earth and spoke to him : ‘I have a certain message for you, dark-haired, earth-encircler, and came here to bring it to you from Zeus of the aegis. His order is that . . . [She repeats verbatim the message from Zeus.].’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.993228912353516, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Then deeply vexed the famed shaker of the earth spoke to her . . . [Poseidon complains about Zeus' order.] Then in turn swift wind-footed Iris answered him : ‘Am I them to carry, o dark-haired earth encircler, this word, which is strong and steep, back to Zeus from you? Or will you change a little? The hearts of the great can be changed. You know the Erinnyes (Furies), how they forever side with the elder.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.044124603271484, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Then in turn the shaker of the earth Poseidon spoke to her : ‘Now this, divine Iris, was a word quite properly spoken. It is a fine thing when a messenger is conscious of justice.’\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.661009788513184, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Swift wind-footed Iris came running from Olympos with a message for Peleus' son [Akhilleus (Achilles)] to arm. She came secretly from Zeus and the other gods, since it was Hera who sent her. She came and stood close to him and addressed him in winged words : ‘[She relays Hera's message.] . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.697657585144043, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Then in turn Akhilleus of the swift feet answered her: ‘Divine Iris, what god sent you to me with a message?’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.728299140930176, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Then in turn swift wind-footed Iris spoke to him : ‘Hera sent me, the honoured wife of Zeus, but the son of Kronos, who sits on high, does not know this, nor any other immortal, of all those who dwell by the snows of Olympos.’\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768584251403809, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"And Iris, hearing his [Akhilleus' (Achilles')] prayer [for winds to fire the pyre of his beloved Patroklos (Patroclus)] . . . went swiftly as messenger to the Winds for him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535619735717773, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Now the winds assembled within the house of storm-blowing Zephyros (the West Wind) were taking part in a feast, and Iris paused in her running and stood on the stone doorsill; but they, when their eyes saw her, sprang to their feet, and each one asked her to sit beside them. But she refused to be seated and spoke the word to them : ‘I must not sit down. I am going back to the running waters of Okeanos (Oceanus) and the Aithiopians' (Ethiopians') land, where they are making grand sacrifice to the immortals; there I, too, shall partake of the sacraments. But Akhilleus' prayer is that Boreas and blustering Zephyros may come to him, and he promises them splendid offerings, so that you may set ablaze the funeral pyre, whereon lies Patroklos (Patroclus), with all Akhaians (Achaeans) mourning about him.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.28664779663086, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "He spoke, and Iris storm-footed sprang away with the message, and at a point between Samos and Imbros of the high cliffs plunged in the dark water, and the sea crashed moaning about her. She plummeted to the sea floor like a lead weight . . . She found Thetis inside the hollow of her cave . . . Iris the swift-foot came close beside her and spoke to her : ‘Rise, Thetis. Zeus whose purposes are infinite calls you.’ . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573193550109863, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "She [Thetis then] went on her way [to Olympos], and in front of her rapid wind-footed Iris guided her, and the wave of the water opened about them. They stepped out on dry land and swept to the sky.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996345520019531, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Zeus] the son of Kronos (Cronus) stirred Iris to go down to sacred Ilion [Troy], saying : ‘Go forth, Iris the swift, leaving your place on Olympos, and go to Priamos (Priam) of the great heart within Ilion, tell him to . . . [He relates his message about the ransom of the body of Hektor (Hector).]’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.081192970275879, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "He spoke, and storm-footed Iris swept away with the message and came to the house of Priamos . . . The messenger of Zeus stood beside Priamos and spoke to him in a small voice, and yet the shivers took hold of his body : ‘Take heart Priamos, son of Dardanos, do not be frightened. I come to you not eyeing you with evil intention but with the purpose of good toward you. I am a messenger of Zeus, who far away cares much for you and is pitiful. The Olympian orders you to . . . [Iris repeats Zeus' message verbatim.]’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.142138481140137, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "So Iris the swift-footed spoke and went away from him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17133617401123, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris informs Menelaos (Menelaus) of what has happened at his home [i.e. that Paris has abducted Helene].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876991271972656, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Athena sends Iris to Aiolos (Aeolus) to summon a storm to wreck the Greek fleet :] Iris sped unto Aiolos (Aeolus), from heaven far-flying over misty seas, to bid him send forth all his buffetting Anemoi (Winds) o'er iron-bound Kaphereus' (Caphareus') cliffs to sweep ceaselessly, and with ruin of madding blasts to upheave the sea. And Iris heard, and swift she darted, through cloud-billows plunging down--thou hadst said : ‘Lo, in the sky dark water and fire!’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.309539794921875, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS & THE VOYAGE OF AENEAS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.048798561096191, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris, Faliscan red-figure calyx krater C4th B.C., Museum of Fine Arts Boston", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290115356445312, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"The fleet [of Aeneas] that Iris Junonia [Juno-Hera's envoy], nearly fired, cast off and left behind Hippotades' [Aiolos' (Aeolus')] domain.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.769988059997559, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Hera sent down Iris from heaven to the fiery [the Italian king] Turnus . . . Rose-lipped Iris, daughter of Thaumas, thus addressed him : ‘[Delivering a message from Hera, inciting him against Aeneas] . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.332568168640137, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS & HYPNUS GOD OF SLEEP", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.761504173278809, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris was often described acting as an intermediary between Hera queen of the gods and Hypnos the god of sleep.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.38937759399414, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"[Hera addresses Iris :] ‘Iris, my voice's trustiest messenger, hie quickly to the drowsy hall of Somnus (Sleep) [Hypnos], and bid him send a dream of Ceyx drowned to break the tidings to [his wife] Alcyone.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.782188415527344, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Then Iris, in her thousand hues enrobed traced through the sky her arching bow and reached the cloud-hid palace of the drowsy king. Near the Cimmerii a cavern lies deep in the hollow of a mountainside, the home and sanctuary of lazy Somnus [Hypnos] . . . There Iris entered, brushing the Somnia (Dreams) [Oneiro] aside, and the bright sudden radiance of her robe lit up the hallowed place; slowly the god his heavy eyelids raised, and sinking back time after time, his languid drooping head nodding upon his chest, at last he shook himself out of himself, and leaning up he recognized her and asked why she came, and she replied : ‘Somnus [Hypnos], quietest of the gods, Somnus, peace of all the world, balm of the soul, who drives care away, who gives ease to weary limbs after the hard day's toil and strength renewed to meet the morrow's tasks, bid now thy Somnia (Dreams), whose perfect mimicry matches the truth, in Ceyx's likeness formed appear in Trachis to Alcyone and feign the shipwreck and her dear love drowned. So Juno [Hera] orders.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.324981689453125, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"She [Juno-Hera] determines to make the Aonians [Thebans during the War of the Seven], sunk in the timeless bliss of slumber, a prey to death, and bids her own Iris gird herself with her wonted circles, and commits to her all her task. Obedient to command, the bright goddess leaves the pole and wings her way down her long arc to earth [to the halls of Somnus-Hypnos the god of sleep] . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.152920722961426, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "She spoke, and with her hand beat upon his languid breast, and charged him again and yet again, lest her message be lost. He with his own nodding visage nods assent to the goddess’ command; o'er-weighted with the caverns’ gloom Iris goes forth, and tricks out her beams, made dim by showers of rain.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.884980201721191, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "At these words, Iris goldenwing flew away peering through the air . . . seeking the wandering track of vagrant Hypnos (Sleep). She found him on the slopes of nuptial Orkhomenos (Orchomenus) . . . Then Iris changed her shape, and all unseen she put on the look of dark Nyx unrecognisable. She came near to Hypnos, weaving guile; and in his mother’s guise uttered her deceitful speech in cajoling whispers . . . Iris begged him to fasten Kronion with slumber for the course of one day only . . . Then goddess Iris returned flying at speed and hastened to deliver her welcome message to her queen.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.633186340332031, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS MYTHS MISCELLANY", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.093466758728027, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Hera and Iris, Athenian red-figure lekythos C5th B.C., Rhode Island School of Design Museum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.495865821838379, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Greek vase painting Iris is depicted leading the procession of the gods to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.928165435791016, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Quickly she reached the hill of Romulus with Thaumantea [Iris]. There a star from heaven dropped gliding to the ground and by its glow set the queen's hair ablaze, and with the star Hersilie ascended to the sky.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.571284294128418, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"He [Jupiter-Zeus] moved by the goddesses' [Diana-Artemis and Latona-Leto's] tears and Phoebus' [Apollon's] high renown sends down swift Iris on her rosy cloud [to give Herakles permission to release Prometheus from his bonds]. ‘Go,’ he says, ‘let Alcides [Herakles] . . . rescue the Titan [Prometheus] from the dreadful Bird.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.222354888916016, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Iris [sent by Juno-Hera] is bidden cherish the dead bodies [of the Argives who died at Thebes forbidden burial by Kreon (Creon)] of the princes, and laves their decaying limbs with mysterious dews and ambrosial juices, that they may resist the longer and await the pure, nor perish before the flames have seized them.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.527970314025879, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Father Zeus sent Iris to the divine halls of Rheia, to inform wakethefray Dionysos, that he must drive out of Asia with his avenging thyrsus the proud race of Indians untaught of justice: he was to sweep from the sea the horned son of a river, Deriades the king, and teach all nations the sacred dances of the vigil and the purple fruit of vintage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.126994132995605, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Dionysos, did not escape the jealousy of trick-stitching Hera. Still resentful of your divine birth, she sent her messenger Iris on an evil errand, mingling treacherous persuasion with craft, to bewitch you and deceive your mind; and she gave her an impious poleaxe, that she might hand it to the king of Arabia, Lykourgos (Lycurgus), Dryas' son. The goddess made no delay. She assumed a false pretended shape of Ares, and borrowed a face like his. She threw off her embroidered saffron robes, and put on her head a helmet with nodding plume, donned a delusive corselet, as the mother of battle, a corselet stained with blood, and sent froth from her grim countenance, like a man, battlestirring menaces, all delusion. Then with fluent speech she mimicked the voice of Enyalios [Ares] : ‘My son, scion of invincible Ares [and persuades Lykourgos to attack Dionysos] . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.686159133911133, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "So he spoke, and goldenwing Iris divine smiled to hear; then went her way, paddling in the false shape of a falcon . . . And Iris, by Hera's command, put the winged shoe on her feet, and holding a rod like Hermes the messenger of Zeus, flew up to warn of what was coming. To Bakkhos (Bacchus) in corselet of bronze she spoke deceitful words : ‘Brother, son of Zeus Allwise, put war aside, and celebrate your rites with Lykourgos, a willing host . . .’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.188876152038574, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "MESSENGER IRIS IN COMEDY", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.309736251831055, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "The appearance of Iris in Greek comedy was anticipated by her earlier appearance in the satyr-plays of the tragedians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.17261791229248, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "\"Hermes is a god and has wings and flies, and so do many other gods. First of all, Nike (Victory) flies with golden wings, Eros (Love) is undoubtedly winged too, and Iris is compared by Homer to a timorous dove.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.175695419311523, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : I come from the abode of the Olympian gods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.111881256103516, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : I am swift Iris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220498085021973, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : What do you mean?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371253967285156, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : Seize me? But what do all these insults mean?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463343620300293, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : I do not understand it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276899337768555, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : By which gate? Why, great gods, I don't know.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953149795532227, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : Am I dreaming?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.383323669433594, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : Are you mad?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399530410766602, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : A safe-conduct to me. You poor fool!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398488998413086, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : And what other roads can the gods travel?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18822956085205, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Pisthetairos : By Zeus! I know nothing about that, not I. But they won't pass this way. And you still dare to complain? Why, if you were treated according to your deserts, no Iris would ever have more justly suffered death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.773207664489746, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : I am immortal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018412590026855, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : I? The messenger of Zeus to mankind, I am going to tell them to sacrifice sheep and oxen on the altars and to fill their streets with the rich smoke of burning fat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35381031036377, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : Of which? Why, of ourselves, the gods of heaven.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701647758483887, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : Are there others then?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33032512664795, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris (in tragic style) : Oh! fool! fool! fool! Rouse not the wrath of the gods, for it is terrible indeed. Armed with the brand of Zeus, justice would annihilate your race; the lightning would strike you as it did Likymnios and consume both your body and the porticos of your palace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.292060852050781, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Pisthetairos : Here! that's enough tall talk. Just you listen and keep quiet! Do you take me for a Lydian or a Phrygian and think to frighten me with your big words? Know, that if Zeus worries me again, I shall go at the head of my eagles, who are armed with lightning, and reduce his dwelling and that of Amphion to cinders. I shall send more than six hundred porphyrions (water-hens) clothed in leopards' skins up to heaven against him; and formerly a single Porphyrion [the giant-king that attacked heaven] gave him enough to do. As for you, his messenger, if you annoy me, I shall begin by getting between your thighs, and even though you are Iris, you will be surprised at the erection the old man can produce; it's three times as good as the ram on a ship's prow!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.193294525146484, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : May you perish, you wretch, you and your infamous words!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259631156921387, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris : If my father [Zeus] does not punish you for your insults . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929963111877441, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "(The Machine takes Iris away.)\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298270225524902, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris had several poetic titles and epithets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.034699440002441, "source": "search", "title": "IRIS - Greek Goddess of the Rainbow, Messenger of the Gods" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Sacred Plant: The flower the Iris was named after her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.470480918884277, "source": "search", "title": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris's Archetypes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265552520751953, "source": "search", "title": "Iris The Rainbow Goddess" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is the solitary messenger of the Gods found in the epic poem Iliad , written by Homer about the final years and battles of the Trojan War; in Book 24, it was Iris’ responsibility to encourage Priam (King of Troy), in order for his son to be liberated, to offer gifts to Achilles.  [It is interesting to note that in the Odyssey , Hermes was accountable for delivering messages.] ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.604440689086914, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is also important in the Story of Ceyx and Alcyone, as she was able to bring the dream message to Somnus (the God of sleep) so that Alcyone would know the truth about Ceyx’s sea voyage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.526552200317383, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In addition to her swiftness and expedience, Iris also served as a protector in Argonautica , the quest for the Golden Fleece as told by Appollonius of Rhodes.  In Book II, the warning spoken to Phineas about the danger of the Harpies is performed by Iris; she is able to narrowly escape to", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44107437133789, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "while the Harpies are left in Minoan Crete.  In Book 4, Iris is sent to help the Argonauts by bringing Thetis, the silver-footed sea nymph.  [A version of this story also appears in the Virgil’s Aeneid .]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.90567684173584, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Place your tarot card at the center of your altar or on the wall in front of you.  Write your message on a small piece of paper, and set it close to your left hand.  First, light the incense (placed at the left side of your altar), then the votive (on the right side of your altar).  While lighting your incendiaries, chant: “Hail, to you, Mother Iris, I am in need of Your Service.”  While carrying your incense throughout your room in a clockwise fashion, you may continue the chant silently or aloud.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290410995483398, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Once you return to your altar, you may place the incense back on the left side and sit or kneel (whichever is more relaxing).  Place your right hand at a comfortable distance above the candle and feel the warmth of Iris’ swiftness; chant: “May the Good of Iris enter from the right.”  Place your left hand on your message, and chant: “May Iris swiftly move through me to deliver this message.”  Keeping your right hand over the candle, use your left hand to place the message in the vase.  You may either meditate on the message in the vase or by focusing on Hierophant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341002464294434, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "While you meditate, stay in the present by smelling the incense and keeping your breath regulated.  When you feel that your message has been sent, remove your right hand from the candle but allow the incense to burn as long as possible.  Bow to your altar for a moment of silence, and then chant: “Iris, I have put my message in Your Hands.  Hail!”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341849327087402, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "To Invite Iris’ Influence for Protection", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468403816223145, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Dip your left hand middle finger into the water and place it on your 3rd eye; this is the same finger you will use for the water every time.  Chant: “Eye of spirit, where wisdom enters, let me see My Guardian.”  Dip your finger in the water again, then place both hands over your heart chakra; chant: “Mother Iris, You dwell within.  I beseech of You to dwell around me.”  Beginning with your root, anoint each chakra with the seal of pentacle after moistening your finger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265360832214355, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "You may chant aloud or silently while tending to each chakra point; “Bless me, Iris, with peace, love, safety and beauty.”  Remember to breathe evenly and slowly; after anointing your crown chakra, partake in a moment of silence.  When you are ready, stand at your altar and vision being wrapped inside a swirl of colors.  Inhale the scent of the incense, and chant: “Dear Iris, hold me in Your Keep.  I thank You for Your Gentle Protection; may Your Light flow through me and around me.  Blessed Be.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.078402519226074, "source": "search", "title": "Iris -- Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Family of Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254681587219238, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris was the daughter of the sea god Thaumas and the Oceanid Electra. She was a granddaughter of Gaea (the goddess of Earth) and the sea god Pontus. She was a sister of the winged Harpies .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.91021203994751, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "According to a myth, Iris mated with the Zephyr and created Eros , the winged god of love- although most authors mention her as a virgin in their myths.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.490943908691406, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Responsibilities of Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349934577941895, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Appearance of Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276167869567871, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris always wore splendid dresses with bewitching colors. She had gold wings attached to her shoulders and winged sandals on her feet. If her wings were missing in the artistic representations, she was pictured holding a caduceus, which was also a symbol of hers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78922176361084, "source": "search", "title": "Iris, the Greek goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094029426574707, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094029426574707, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "See More Iris Pictures >", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388166427612305, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "During the Titanomachy , the war between the Titans and the Olympians , Iris fought on the side of the Olympians , while her twin sister Arke sided with the Titans ; both served as messengers. Iris had golden wings, while Arke's irridescent wings were torn by Zeus in the war, who later gave them as a present to Thetis . Thetis , in her turn, gifted them to her son, Achilles , who wore them on his feet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.95562744140625, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris Is also called Arcus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22663402557373, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iris-Greek-mythology", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.60447883605957, "source": "search", "title": "Iris | Greek mythology | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255450248718262, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "IRIS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094029426574707, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is the daughter of the Titan Thaumas and the nymph Electra. Thaumas (his name means \"wonder\") is a Greek sea god and the son of Pontus and Gaia (Mother Earth). By the Oceanid Electra he fathered the Harpies and Iris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.996621131896973, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris once saved her siblings from death. The Harpies were loathsome winged female creatures who daily would swoop down and eat and befoul the food of the blind seer Phineus. When the Argonauts Calais and Zetes, winged sons of the North Wind, Boreas, caught up with the Harpies and were about to kill them, Iris appeared and beseeched the sons of Boreas to spare the lives of the Harpies. She promised that if they let them live, the Harpies would never again bother Phineus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.779973983764648, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "One of her tasks is to deliver the sacred water of Styx. When quarrel arises among the gods, and when anyone among the Olympians lies, then Zeus sends Iris to the river Styx in the Underworld to bring in a golden jug the oath of the gods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.91152572631836, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Homer's Iliad, Zeus sent Iris with a message for King Priam of Troy, instructing him to secretly come to the enemy Greek ships and, with the help of gifts, persuade Achilles to give up the body of Priam's son Hector, whom Achilles had slain in battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.486833572387695, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris also was the one who delivered the bad news to the jilted husband Menelaus that Paris had ran away with his wife, Helen, which started the Trojan War. Hera sent Iris flying to the island of Crete with news of the elopement, prompting Menelaus to raise an army and invade Troy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.536136627197266, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Speaking of bad news, at the request of Hera, Iris also came to Hypnos, the god of Sleep, to ask him to fashion a shape resembling Ceyx, which appearing before Ceyx's wife Alcyone, would inform her of her husband's death. He had drowned and Alcyone didn't know it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.827669143676758, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Before Zeus sent a flood to punish some evil humans, he destroyed their crops with the help of Iris. Zeus shut the North Wind (Boreas) up in the cave of Aeolus and let the wet and rainy South Wind (Notus) loose. Meanwhile Iris drew up water feeding it to the clouds. By way of this method all crops were destroyed, and the work of a whole year amounted to nothing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3856840133667, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is the daughter of the Titan Thaumas and the nymph Electra. Thaumas (his name means \"wonder\") is a Greek sea god and the son of Pontus and Gaia (Mother Earth). By the Oceanid Electra he fathered the Harpies and Iris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.996621131896973, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris once saved her siblings from death. The Harpies were loathsome winged female creatures who daily would swoop down and eat and befoul the food of the blind seer Phineus. When the Argonauts Calais and Zetes, winged sons of the North Wind, Boreas, caught up with the Harpies and were about to kill them, Iris appeared and beseeched the sons of Boreas to spare the lives of the Harpies. She promised that if they let them live, the Harpies would never again bother Phineus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.779973983764648, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "One of her tasks is to deliver the sacred water of Styx. When quarrel arises among the gods, and when anyone among the Olympians lies, then Zeus sends Iris to the river Styx in the Underworld to bring in a golden jug the oath of the gods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.91152572631836, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "In Homer's Iliad, Zeus sent Iris with a message for King Priam of Troy, instructing him to secretly come to the enemy Greek ships and, with the help of gifts, persuade Achilles to give up the body of Priam's son Hector, whom Achilles had slain in battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.486833572387695, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris also was the one who delivered the bad news to the jilted husband Menelaus that Paris had ran away with his wife, Helen, which started the Trojan War. Hera sent Iris flying to the island of Crete with news of the elopement, prompting Menelaus to raise an army and invade Troy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.536136627197266, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Speaking of bad news, at the request of Hera, Iris also came to Hypnos, the god of Sleep, to ask him to fashion a shape resembling Ceyx, which appearing before Ceyx's wife Alcyone, would inform her of her husband's death. He had drowned and Alcyone didn't know it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.827669143676758, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Before Zeus sent a flood to punish some evil humans, he destroyed their crops with the help of Iris. Zeus shut the North Wind (Boreas) up in the cave of Aeolus and let the wet and rainy South Wind (Notus) loose. Meanwhile Iris drew up water feeding it to the clouds. By way of this method all crops were destroyed, and the work of a whole year amounted to nothing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3856840133667, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Many other gods followed Iris and they came offering Demeter all kind of gifts and privileges if she would return, but she could not be persuaded. Rejecting all their words Demeter declared that she would never set foot on Olympus again, nor let the earth bear fruit, until she beheld with her own eyes her daughter Persephone. Eventually Hades agreed to allow Persephone to reunite with Demeter and spend most of the year with her mother.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.971689224243164, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "With the West wind called Zephyrus, Iris is said to have given birth to Eros (also said to be the son of Aphrodite) and Pothos, which is the personification of Longing, a being of inconstant mood, and an attendant of Aphrodite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015814781188965, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is portrayed as a young woman with wings and her attributes are a herald's staff and a water pitcher. In artwork she appears mainly on Greek vases. Her male counterpart was called Irus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.46155834197998, "source": "search", "title": "Myth Man's Iris Homework Help" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094029426574707, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris flies on the wind and moves like a blast of bright air. She is called 'The Rainbow, Iris' thus implying that her presence is a sign of hope or perhaps symbolizing a bridge between heaven and earth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.141057014465332, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is the daughter of Thaumas [a son of the Sea] and the Okeanid, Elektra ... she is the sister of the Harpies, Okypete and Aello. Iris is generally considered to be a \"minor\" goddess in that she is submissive to the Olympians and has no specific domain. Her primary role in the Iliad seems to be that of the faithful messenger of Zeus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.247157096862793, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris's sisters, Okypete and Aello were described by the poet Hesiod as, \"Harpies of the lovely hair, winged women soaring aloft like birds.\" That is contrary to their stereotypical visage as vile and hideous creatures ... regardless of how the Harpies were perceived, the ancient Greeks never gave Iris a negative characterization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.716002464294434, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris and the Harpies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.067045211791992, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "A generation before the Trojan War, Jason and the Argonauts encountered Iris and her sisters, the Harpies ... that would have been circa 1280 BCE.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.114935874938965, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Two of the Argonauts were the winged sons of Boreas, Kalais and Zetes ... Phineus's plight was pitiable to Kalais and Zetes so they promised to help rid him of the Harpies ... the two young gods set a trap for the Harpies but they were very swift and the winged brothers could only claw at the fleeing women with their fingertips. Iris rushed into the fray and chided the brothers for trying to harm the Harpies because they were there to punish Phineus with the consent of Zeus. Iris swore a sacred oath on the river Styx that if the brothers would stop their pursuit of her sisters, they would no longer torment Phineus. Thus Phineus, although he was still blind, was freed from one aspect of his curse and allowed to eat once more in peace. In the Catalogues of Women, the author states that Hesiod credits Hermes, and not Iris, for turning Kalais and Zetes away from the Harpies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.778797149658203, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris and Styx", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.085718154907227, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Styx resides in the Underworld near the halls of Hades and Persephone ... she lives apart from the other Immortals in a glorious house with a stone roof supported by silver columns. Iris is the only Immortal allowed to enter Styx's home. When a dispute erupts on Mount Olympos, Zeus sends wind-footed Iris to Styx for a pitcher of water. Any Immortal who pours the waters of Styx, and swears an oath, is solemnly bound to tell only the truth. The punishment for breaking such an oath is one year without ambrosia, nectar or AIR! If that's not enough, for nine additional years, the oath-breaker is not allowed to attend the festivals or share the company of the other Immortals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.949206352233887, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris and the Birth of Apollon", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.857666969299316, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris is not noted for taking sides in disputes between the Immortals but she is often called upon to relay messages between the conflicting deities ... the birth of Zeus's son Apollon is a perfect example of this type of situation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.240550994873047, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "When Leto was looking for a place to give birth to Apollon she was rebuffed by the Nymphs and goddesses of every land and island she visited until she arrived on the island belonging to the goddess Delos ... the Nymphs and goddesses who refused to accommodate Leto were justifiably afraid that Hera would punish them if they assisted Leto. Delos was aware of the risks but she was also confident that Zeus would protect her as long as Apollon maintained his residence on her island. Delos made Leto swear an oath on the waters of the river Styx that Apollon would never abandon her island ... we are not told specifically that Iris retrieved Styx's waters for the oath but we can assume that she did.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.546401023864746, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "After Leto had sworn the sacred oath and Delos was satisfied that Apollon would always have a shrine on her island, the birth process began but it was slow and painful. Iris and several other goddesses were attending Leto but Hera had purposely kept her daughter Eileithyia occupied so that she would not know of Leto's plight ... Eileithyia is the goddess of childbirth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.719589233398438, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "After nine days and nights of labor, Leto had still not given birth ... the goddesses in attendance sent Iris to Mount Olympos to find Eileithyia. Iris was very discreet when she arrived on the sacred mountain ... she carefully drew Eileithyia aside so that Hera could not overhear their conversation. After explaining the situation to Eileithyia, Iris took her to Leto ... Apollon was born without further delay. Hera was satisfied with her interference and did not bother to hinder the birth of Artemis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.988375663757324, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris and Demeter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180792808532715, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "When Zeus gives Iris a message to be delivered to one of the Immortals it was always implicit that his word is law and that whatever he demands will be unquestionably done without delay ... on one important occasion, Iris delivered a message that was ignored and the entire human population of the earth was placed in peril.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.133869171142578, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Demeter's grief at the betrayal was complete ... she abandoned her earthly duties and took the guise of an elderly woman so that she could indulge her sorrow. The crops failed and the human inhabitants of the earth were facing genuine hardship. Zeus sent Iris to Demeter with instructions to give up her bitterness and restore her blessings to the orchards and fields ... Demeter wasted no words on Iris ... she refused to obey Zeus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.703670501708984, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris and the Trojan War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.066671371459961, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris played a significant role in the Trojan War but not as a fighter or meddler ... she faithfully relayed the will of Zeus to the other Immortals who were fighting and meddling. Sometimes she would assume the guise of a man or woman and at other times she would reveal herself in all her glory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.316572189331055, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "After Aphrodite had been wounded by the vicious attack of Diomedes, Iris rushed to her side and assisted her into Ares's war chariot so that the injured goddess might escape further harm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.732287406921387, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" }, { "answer": "Iris", "passage": "Iris took no side in the war and advised both armies as Zeus commanded. She helped the Trojan commander, Hektor and likewise his most hated enemy, Achilles with equal faithfulness ... Iris relayed tactical information to Hektor about how to best delegate authority in his diverse army ... she also helped Achilles by going to the house of Boreas [North Wind] to ask the Winds to desist so Achilles could light the funeral pyre of his fallen companion, Patroklos.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.57547378540039, "source": "search", "title": "Iris - The Goddess of the Rainbow" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Olives", "Olivey", "Green olives", "European Olive", "Olive trees", "Olive wood", "Olive groves", "Olive (fruit)", "Olive Tree", "Olivetrees", "Black olive", "The olive tree", "Olea europea", "Olive-tree", "Olive tree", "Olive (tree)", "Olive grove", "Olive-wood", "Back olive", "Olivetree", "Olive", "Colossal olive", "Black olives", "Olive-trees", "Olive growing", "Olea europaea", "Green olive", "Kalamon (olive)", "The Olive Tree" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "european olive", "olive fruit", "olive tree", "green olive", "back olive", "olive grove", "olivey", "olea europaea", "green olives", "olivetrees", "kalamon olive", "black olive", "olive", "olivetree", "black olives", "olive growing", "olives", "olive wood", "colossal olive", "olive trees", "olea europea", "olive groves" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "olive tree", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "The olive tree" }

[ { "answer": "The olive tree", "passage": "Athena created the olive tree, symbolizing peace and prosperity. The Athenians, under their ruler Cecrops, accepted the olive tree and named the city after Athena. A sacred olive tree said to be the one created by the goddess was still kept on the Acropolis at the time of Pausanias (2nd century AD). It was located by the temple of Pandrosus, next to the Parthenon. According to Herodotus, the tree had been burnt down during the Persian Wars, but a shoot sprung from the stump. To the Greeks they saw this as a symbol that Athena still had her mark there on the city.", "precise_score": 0.1862451732158661, "rough_score": -2.0807712078094482, "source": "wiki", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "answer": "Olive", "passage": "92. The customs hitherto described are those of the Egyptians who live above the marsh-country. The inhabitants of the marshes have the same customs as the rest, as well in those matters which have been mentioned above as in respect of marriage, each Egyptian taking to himself, like the Greeks, a single wife; but for greater cheapness of living the marsh-men practise certain peculiar customs, such as these following. They gather the blossoms of a certain water-lily, which grows in great abundance all over the flat country at the time when the Nile rises and floods the regions along its banks- the Egyptians call it lotus - they gather, I say, the blossoms of this plant and dry them in the sun, after which they extract from the centre of each blossom a substance like the head of a poppy, which they crush and make into bread. The root of the lotus is likewise eatable, and has a pleasant sweet taste: it is round, and about the size of an apple. There is also another species of the lily in Egypt, which grows, like the lotus, in the river, and resembles the rose. The fruit springs up side by side with the blossom, on a separate stalk, and has almost exactly the look of the comb made by wasps. It contains a number of seeds, about the size of an olive-stone, which are good to eat: and these are eaten both green and dried. The byblus (papyrus), which grows year after year in the marshes, they pull up, and, cutting the plant in two, reserve the upper portion for other purposes, but take the lower, which is about a cubit long, and either eat it or else sell it. Such as wish to enjoy the byblus in full perfection bake it first in a closed vessel, heated to a glow. Some of these folk, however, live entirely on fish, which are gutted as soon as caught, and then hung up in the sun: when dry, they are used as food.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.903693199157715, "source": "search", "title": "Herodotus' Description of Egypt and the ... - Huntsville , TX" }, { "answer": "Olive", "passage": "94. The Egyptians who live in the marshes use for the anointing of their bodies an oil made from the fruit of the sillicyprium, which is known among them by the name of \"kiki.\" To obtain this they plant the sillicyprium (which grows wild in Greece) along the banks of the rivers and by the sides of the lakes, where it produces fruit in great abundance, but with a very disagreeable smell. This fruit is gathered, and then bruised and pressed, or else boiled down after roasting: the liquid which comes from it is collected and is found to be unctuous, and as well suited as olive-oil for lamps, only that it gives out an unpleasant odour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.221643447875977, "source": "search", "title": "Herodotus' Description of Egypt and the ... - Huntsville , TX" }, { "answer": "The olive tree", "passage": "��\u0011ࡱ\u001a�\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000�� 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\u0000\u0000Prasvapna \u0000\u0000Sarasvati \u0000\u0000Yudhishtira \u0000\u0000Sanjivini\u0005\u0000\u0000Three\u0007\u0000\u0000Mathura\u0007\u0000\u000018 daysV\u0000\u0000According to the Puranas, how many heads did Brahma have before Shiva plucked one out?J\u0000\u0000How many avatars of Vishnu are believed to have come down to Earth so far?E\u0000\u0000In the epic Ramayana, with which weapon did Rama finally kill Ravana?w\u0000\u0000In the epic, Ramayana, Rama asks Hanuman to fetch him a medicinal herb that grew in the Himalayas. 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{ "aliases": [ "The Chimera", "Oceania (Smashing Pumpkins album)", "My Love is Winter", "Oceania (The Smashing Pumpkins album)", "Violet Rays (The Smashing Pumpkins song)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "oceania smashing pumpkins album", "chimera", "my love is winter", "violet rays smashing pumpkins song" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "chimera", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "The Chimera" }

[ { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The Chimera ( or, also Chimaera (Chimæra); Greek: , Chímaira) was, according to Greek mythology, a monstrous fire-breathing hybrid creature of Lycia in Asia Minor, composed of the parts of more than one animal. It is usually depicted as a lion, with the head of a goat arising from its back, and a tail that might end with a snake's head, and was one of the offspring of Typhon and Echidna and a sibling of such monsters as Cerberus and the Lernaean Hydra.", "precise_score": 3.924410343170166, "rough_score": 4.865028381347656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Homer's brief description in the Iliad is the earliest surviving literary reference: \"a thing of immortal make, not human, lion-fronted and snake behind, a goat in the middle, and snorting out the breath of the terrible flame of bright fire.\" Elsewhere in the Iliad, Homer attributes the rearing of Chimera to Amisodorus. Hesiod's Theogony follows the Homeric description: he makes the Chimera the issue of Echidna: \"She was the mother of Chimaera who breathed raging fire, a creature fearful, great, swift-footed and strong, who had three heads, one of a grim-eyed lion; in her hinderpart, a dragon; and in her middle, a goat, breathing forth a fearful blast of blazing fire. Her did Pegasus and noble Bellerophon slay.\"Hesiod Theogony [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+319 319–325] in Hugh Evelyn-White's translation. The author of the Bibliotheca concurs: descriptions agree that she breathed fire. The Chimera is generally considered to have been female (see the quotation from Hesiod above) despite the mane adorning her head, the inclusion of a close mane often was depicted on lionesses, but the ears always were visible (that does not occur with depictions of male lions). Sighting the Chimera was an omen of storms, shipwrecks, and natural disasters (particularly volcanoes).", "precise_score": 2.9088656902313232, "rough_score": 3.9929628372192383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Mon Colle Knights, the Chimera is depicted as having three heads (a lion head, a goat head, and a hawk head), the body of a lion, and the wings of a dragon.", "precise_score": 2.348111152648926, "rough_score": 3.757662773132324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In American Dragon: Jake Long, Jake and his friends battle a Chimera in a dreamrealm. It has three heads (all of the animals its parts are based on), the body of a humanoid lion, the legs of a goat, and the tail of a snake. The series creators list the Chimera as one of the 13 Greatest Threats of the magical world.", "precise_score": 0.8965234756469727, "rough_score": 1.6433571577072144, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "** The Chimera is featured in AdventureQuest where it has the he head and front legs of a lion, the head and back legs of a goat, the head of a dragon, and a snake-headed tail. The Chimera is the creation of a deranged sorcerer.", "precise_score": 1.2320438623428345, "rough_score": 1.1743438243865967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In the MMORPG game Wizard101 the Chimera is a winged creature and is a spell of the magic school Balance. Wizard players can use this on their foes. The dragon head uses Myth damage, the lion head Life damage and the Goat head gives Death damage.", "precise_score": -0.985408365726471, "rough_score": -0.8295441269874573, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "** In Final Fantasy VI, the Chimera is shown to have 5 heads (a lion head, a goat head, a dragon head, an eagle head, a boar head), the wings of a dragon, the front legs of a lion, the back legs of a goat, and a snake-headed tail.", "precise_score": 2.3372702598571777, "rough_score": 4.831915378570557, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "** In Final Fantasy VIII, the Chimera is a randomly encountered enemy with four heads (a lion head, a goat head, a hawk head, a lizard head), the body of a lion, the wings of a dragon, and a cobra-headed tail.", "precise_score": 1.9240243434906006, "rough_score": 5.011653900146484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Shining Force, the chimera are very powerful and dangerous enemies near at the end of the game, lion torso and head, the wings of the dragon, goat's head and snake tail and the goat head have an ability to breathe the fire can inflict massive damage on their opponent there only weakness is the ice.", "precise_score": 3.7025644779205322, "rough_score": 5.795699596405029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In God of War III, Kratos (the game's protagonist) fights the Chimera as a boss on Mt. Olympus and later fights many more on the way to Tartarus. It is shown to bears a lion's face on its \"chest,\" with the three-horned, demonic-looking goat's head as the \"normal\" one on top of the lion head, and the snake in its usual position as the tail.", "precise_score": -1.4930614233016968, "rough_score": -0.6626113057136536, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In the roleplaying game Dungeons & Dragons, the chimera is an evil-aligned creature which looks like a lion with leathery wings on its back. To either side of its lion's head is the head of a goat and the head of a dragon.", "precise_score": -0.4228780269622803, "rough_score": 1.0369817018508911, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* The Chimera was featured as a story element in \"Tomb Of Dracula\". Its first appearance was in issue 26, and it also appears two issues later. CHIMERA - magic power item in three pieces (serpent's tail, lion's head, goat's body), created ?30000? (20000 more likely) years ago in Atlantis by C'Thunda, used against Kull, involved in the times of the Black Plague, sought in recent times by Dracula + Dr. Sun + David Eschol, destroyed by Sheila Wittier to prevent Dracula or Dr. Sun from using it. Apparently, in Tomb of Dracula #26, King Kull appeared or was referenced in a flashback. The cosmic-powered Chimera and a Legion of Doom unlike any other item in creation, that causes havok for our heroes.", "precise_score": -0.6450849771499634, "rough_score": 1.2595347166061401, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Of the capra ferrata we know that it enters human homes; it is a creature opposite to domesticity and enemy of human settlements. It sprouts fire from the mouth, has a tongue sharp as a sword, and it is \"iron\". The mention of iron reminds us of ages when metals, support of weapons of new invincibility, were a source of terror. But the description of this sui generis goat is so precise that it reminds to us a monster of Greek mythology against whom Bellerophon fought on his winged horse Pegasus, with the help of Athena Calinea. It is the Chimera, three-shaped monster according to Homer (in the fore part a lion, in the hinder a serpent, and in the middle a goat), many times reproduced in ancient art in the act of vomiting fire out of the three heads, or only from the goat one (Italic and Attic ceramic). Near Arezzo it was excavated the famous Chimera of Arezzo, in bronze. Already in ancient times the Chimera was considered an incarnation of destructive physical forces (volcanoes or storms).", "precise_score": -2.6767444610595703, "rough_score": -0.1042710542678833, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Gary Gygax, Monster Manual for D&D, ed. 1978. The chimera combines features of three creatures in a monstrous manner. Its hind quarters are those of a huge goat, its foreparts are those of a lion, its body sports dragon wings, and it has three large heads. It can claw with its fore legs, its goat head is armed with two long horns, its lion head has powerful jaws and sharp teeth, and its dragon head is likewise equipped.If a chimera desires (50% chance) its dragon head can breathe fire with a range of 5\" and causing 3-24 points damage (saving throw applicable). Chimerae speak a very limited form of red dragon language.", "precise_score": 3.3166663646698, "rough_score": 5.688403129577637, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Several mythological hybrid creatures are believed to consist of parts of the goat, including the Chimera. The Capricorn sign in the Western zodiac is usually depicted as a goat with a fish's tail. Fauns and satyrs are mythological creatures that are part goat and part human. The mineral bromine is named from the Greek word \"brόmos\", which means \"stench of he-goats\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.632713317871094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Goat" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "While there are different genealogies, in one version the Chimera mated with her brother Orthrus and was the mother of the Sphinx and the Nemean lion (others have Orthrus and their mother, Echidna, mating; most attribute all to Typhon and Echidna).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.625752449035645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The Chimera finally was defeated by Bellerophon, with the help of Pegasus, at the command of King Iobates of Lycia. Since Pegasus could fly, Bellerophon shot the Chimera from the air, safe from her heads and breath. A scholiast to Homer adds that he finished her off by equipping his spear with a lump of lead that melted when exposed to the Chimera's fiery breath and consequently killed her, an image drawn from metalworking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.624987602233887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Robert Graves suggests, \"The Chimera was, apparently, a calendar-symbol of the tripartite year, of which the seasonal emblems were lion, goat, and serpent.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.917391777038574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The Chimera was situated in foreign Lycia, but her representation in the arts was wholly Greek. An autonomous tradition, one that did not rely on the written word, was represented in the visual repertory of the Greek vase-painters. The Chimera first appears at an early stage in the repertory of the proto-Corinthian pottery-painters, providing some of the earliest identifiable mythological scenes that may be recognized in Greek art. The Corinthian type is fixed, after some early hesitation, in the 670s BC; the variations in the pictorial representations suggests multiple origins to Marilyn Low Schmitt. The fascination with the monstrous devolved by the end of the seventh century into a decorative Chimera-motif in Corinth, while the motif of Bellerophon on Pegasus took on a separate existence alone. A separate Attic tradition, where the goats breathe fire and the animal's rear is serpent-like, begins with such confidence that Marilyn Low Schmitt is convinced there must be unrecognized or undiscovered local precursors. Two vase-painters employed the motif so consistently they are given the pseudonyms the Bellerophon Painter and the Chimaera Painter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.15250301361084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "In Etruscan civilization, the Chimera appears in the Orientalizing period that precedes Etruscan Archaic art; that is to say, very early indeed. The Chimera appears in Etruscan wall-paintings of the fourth century BC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.950176239013672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "In Medieval art, although the Chimera of antiquity was forgotten, chimerical figures appear as embodiments of the deceptive, even satanic forces of raw nature. Provided with a human face and a scaly tail, as in Dante's vision of Geryon in Inferno xvii.7–17, 25–27, hybrid monsters, more akin to the Manticore of Pliny's Natural History (viii.90), provided iconic representations of hypocrisy and fraud well into the seventeenth century, through an emblemmatic representation in Cesare Ripa's Iconologia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.572135925292969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The myths of the Chimera may be found in the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus (book 1), the Iliad (book 16) by Homer, the Fabulae 57 and 151 by Hyginus, the Metamorphoses (book VI 339 by Ovid; IX 648), and the Theogony 319ff by Hesiod.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.688432693481445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Pliny the Elder cited Ctesias and quoted Photius identifying the Chimera with an area of permanent gas vents that still may be found by hikers on the Lycian Way in southwest Turkey. Called in Turkish, Yanartaş (flaming rock), the area contains some two dozen vents in the ground, grouped in two patches on the hillside above the Temple of Hephaestus approximately 3 km north of Çıralı, near ancient Olympos, in Lycia. The vents emit burning methane thought to be of metamorphic origin. The fires of these were landmarks in ancient times and used for navigation by sailors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.642017364501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera (mythology)" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* The Chimera was adapted as different monsters in the Super Sentai/Power Rangers franchise:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.36944580078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "** In Mahou Sentai Magiranger, Meemy creates a Chimera monster by fusing together the spirits of dead monsters. This act is repeated in the shows American counterpart Power Rangers: Mystic Force by Meemy's counterpart Imperious who uses a forbidden spell to fuse the spirots of the monsters that Daggeron has slain into the Chimera.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.09319019317627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "** The Bandai card of the Chimera depicted it as a lion with the wings and tail of a dragon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8253068923950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Beyblade G-Revolution, the blader, Brooklyn, owns a bey called Zeus. Despite the name, it has more relation to the chimera due to its bit-beast, as the beast resembles a centaur-shaped chimera with a horse's body and legs, a raven's wings, and the upper torso of a lion with a white mane.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4715657234191895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Hunter x Hunter there is a species of ant known as the Chimera Ant which can take on the many traits of other creatures through its reproductive eating process.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6159029006958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Duel Masters (and it's reimaged counterpart Kaijudo), the Chimeras are Darkness Civilization creature that are the creations of the Dark Lords.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.984949111938477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In the video game series Golden Sun, the Chimera appears numerous times. First as a pair of bosses on Crossbone Isle, then as a normal enemy under the names Chimera Mage. In Golden Sun: The Lost Age, the stronger Grand Chimera was a boss. All forms are Mars(Fire) creatures, and have a goat's body, a snake for a tail, and the head of a lion and an eagle instead of knees on their forelegs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.501633644104004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* The Chimera is a monster in the works of Artix Entertainment:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.88631534576416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "** In AdventureQuest Worlds, the Chimera of Vadriel is a dragon-like pet with goat-like horns and a snake-headed tail. The Chimera Familiar is a pet that was associated with a bunch of witches according to its bio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.315657615661621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* The Chimera are the primary antagonists in Resistance: Fall of Man, Resistance 2 and Resistance: Retribution. They're an \"alien\" race that are trying to eliminate the human race and resembling pale, humanoid creatures with 2-6 yellow eyes and infect humans with the Chimeran Virus. They are finally defeated in Resistance 3 when the wormhole above New York is closed off after the New York tower is destroyed and they lost their cohesion, allowing humanity to finally defeat the Chimera and rebuild their shattered world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.415033340454102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Altered Beast: Guardian of the Realms, in the two last levels, Dreamscape and Palace of the Gods, you play as the Chimera. It is shown to have a snake-like bottom, lion torso, dragon's wings and goat horns. It attacks using fists and sonic waves.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9128400087356567, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Age of Mythology, the chimera is a trainable myth unit under the worship of Artemis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.891642570495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* You face Chimeras in the upcoming game \"Scarab\" you fight them four times first on the level \"Export\", second on the level \"Call For The God\", Third \"Resistance Over The Titans\", and last you face the Chimera while facing Apollo in the Titan Temple on the level \"Modern War\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85138988494873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In the space MMO Eve Online the carrier class capital ship of the Caldari race is named after the Chimera.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255533218383789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* The Chimera appears in Bloody Roar series. As the Zoanthrope of the character, Uranus. Uranus appears and stays as a secret character since Bloody Roar 3 . Uranus is known as the strongest Zoanthrope because of her transformation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.294341087341309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Borderlands, the Chimera is a legendary revolver manufactured by the Atlas Corporation that possesses all four elemental weapon effects. It fires explosive rounds by default, but has the chance to fire either incendiary, shock, or corrosive rounds instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.975363731384277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In Piers Anthony's Chthon, a chimera kills stragglers from a party of travellers. Quote: \"The chimera is the enemy you *don't* see\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.739822387695312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In the first installment of the book series Percy Jackson & the Olympians: \"The Lightning Thief\", Percy Jackson battles the Chimera and his mother, Echidna, at the top of Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.524001121520996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "* In the series by Laini Taylor \"Daughter of Smoke and Bone\" the chimera (spelled chimaera) being these creatures who raised the main protagonist, Karou, from birth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.126558303833008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chimera in popular culture" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "PEGASUS (Pegasos) A winged horse tamed by the hero Bellerophon and ridden into battle with the Chimera.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.128815650939941, "source": "search", "title": "BESTIARY - Monsters & Fabulous Creatures of Greek Myth ..." }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "All chimeras have access to an array of various abilities. Each of the heads is capable of a unique attack, but the most dangerous by far is the dragon breath of the chimera’s draconic head. The exact attack varies from one individual to another, as in dragons, with the type varying based on color. For instance, a chimera with a white dragon head would cast a breath of cold air, while one with a red head would bellow forth scorching flames.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.358486175537109, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera on Pinterest | Goats, Echidna and A Snake" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "FAMILY OF THE CHIMERA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.966485977172852, "source": "search", "title": "CHIMERA (Khimaira) - Three-Headed Monster of Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Bellerophon, Pegasus and the Chimera, Laconian black-figure kylix C6th B.C., The J. Paul Getty Museum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.410313606262207, "source": "search", "title": "CHIMERA (Khimaira) - Three-Headed Monster of Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "A collection of texts on the myth of the Chimera", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.081819534301758, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The earliest sources: Homer and Hesiod. These the earliest known texts about the Chimera myth. They are, as you see, extremely short, and do not report some of the details that appear in the work of later authors. There may have existed earlier sources, but they are by now lost.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.794777870178223, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Further classic references to the Chimera myth can be fund at the site of the Perseus Project (Tuft University).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10513973236084, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Medieval Chimeras. The middle ages saw the chimera as a symbolic representation of evil. Much of the meaning of the complex medieval imagery of composite animals is lost to us, but an an example of this symbolic meaning can be found in the classic \"Malleus Maleficarum\" (15th century) by Kramer and Sprenger. In the first chapter, in a most politically incorrect series of statements, the authors pile up injury after injury on women, culminating with the report of this passage by Valerius (1st Century AD), an author much fashionable throughout the middle ages. \"You do not know that woman is the Chimaera, but it is good that you should know it; for that monster was of three forms; its face was that of a radiant and noble lion, it had the filthy belly of a goat, and it was armed with the virulent tail of a viper\". The comment of Kramer and Sprenger is that Valerius \"means that a woman is beautiful to look upon, contaminating to the touch, and deadly to keep\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.053253173828125, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "F. Inghirami, Monumenti Etruschi o di Etrusco Nome (vol 2 p 379-384), 1824, (translated by Ugo Bardi). Being such the unlikelihood of the monstrous Chimera and of the flying horse Pegasus as well, showing the fabulous nature of the character of the narration, the ancient and the modern wanted at the same time to retrace for which reasons and for what allusions such a fable had been invented. Servius derives it from the Lycian story in which there exists a volcano, that he believes representing the Chimera, while on top of the mountain there are lions, at mid height there are pastures for goats, and everywhere the mountain is full of snakes. Bellerophon made that mountain practicable for which reason, according to Servius, it was said that he had killed the Chimera", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.532212257385254, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "    I find an astronomical meaning not different than the usual. To this I am guided principally by the mount he uses, while the mythographers mean that it was Pegasus, winged horse of the constellations. If, then, the fable is sidereal from one side, why - I say - could it not be for all the rest? The circumstance, neglected by Biancani, but nevertheless noted by Homer, that the Chimera sprouts fire out of the nostrils which were of the lion, makes us realize that we have here the sidereal lion out of which there exhales the largest heat that is given to us to feel by the summer rays of the sun, during the summer solstice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.083175182342529, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The image of the goat among the sidereal signs in spring is not new in the artistic monuments. Much less it is the sidereal snake, showing the coming autumn. I therefore stick to the opinion of Teones, who saw imagined in Bellerophon the celestial charioteer, who keeps besides himself a goat, as the Chimera formed of the two solstitial lions and the two principal plates of the equinoxes, the charioteer's goat on a side, and the snake of the Serpent tamer on the other. He rides by the will of Minerva on winged Pegasus in order to avoid danger in fighting the Chimera.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.423990249633789, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Hawthorne on the Chimera. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the full story of Bellerophon and the Chimera in his \"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys\". Published in 1852, almost in the same year as Bullfinch's Mythology, Hawthorne's story is written in a similar style, but lighter, and this time directed to children. Notice that Hawthorne feels that somehow the beast should have wings, an idea that predates of a full hundred of years the modern interpretation of the myth. The complete text of this story can be found at http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/wb6b.html#top .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.526768684387207, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "An over interpretation of the multiple nature of the Chimera. It is not clear where mr. Fox-Davies got this description. In these terms, the Chimera would have been a misbegotten beast, indeed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.444095611572266, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The interpretation by Robert Graves. Here we have one of the first attempts in our century to explain the Chimera along the lines of ancient mythology", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10497760772705, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The \"Capra Ferrata\" (the iron goat). A fascinating hypothesis put forward by the anthropologist Alessandro Fornari in his book \"Cartacanta\", (Firenze 1976). Is it possible that the myth of the Chimera has survived as an oral tradition in Tuscany all the way from Etruscan times? It may be difficult to believe, but the story of \"Luigino\" describes a monster in the form of an \"iron goat\" that takes resindence in a Tuscan home in a way uncanny rensembling the Sumerian story of Inanna ad the Anzu bird. Here are Fornari's comments (translation from Italian by Ugo Bardi).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.998086929321289, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "The astronomical interpretation of Stephen Wilk. Stephen Wilk, physicist and scholar of mythology has worked on the hidden meaning of the Perseus myth and brings forward here some interesting parallels with the myth of the Chimera. More can be found in Wilk's book \" Medusa, solving the mystery of the Gorgon \".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05554485321045, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Miscellaneous modern texts. Here are a number of contemporary texts, some serious, some less serious, some smart, and some not at all, as Gygax's attempt to describe the Chimera as a monster to be hacked and slashed at in role playing games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.183826446533203, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Jeorge Luis Borges in \"El aleph\" (1946). In his short story \"El immortal\" (the immortal) Borges writes this passage in his usual splendid prose. It is not written as related to the Chimera, but it may apply to the myth nevertheless (translation by Ugo Bardi). I don't want to describe it: a chaos of heterogeneous words, a body of tiger of of bull in which teeth, organs, and heads monstruosly swarm, joining and hating each other, can (at times) be approximate images of it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.367565155029297, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Jorge Luis Borges with Margarita Guerro, The Book of Imaginary Beings, revised, enlarged, and translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni and Ryan Stansifer. E. P. Button, New York, 1969, pages 62-63. The first mention we have of the Chimera is in Book VI of the Iliad. There Homer writes that it came of divine stock and was a lion in its foreparts, a goat in the middle, and a serpent in its hindparts, and that from its mouth it vomited flames, and finally was killed by the handsome Bellerophon, the son of Glaucus, following the signs of the gods. A lion's head, goat's belly, and serpent's tail is the most obvious image conveyed by Homer's words, but Hersiod's Theogony describes the Chimera as having three heads, and this is the way it is depicted in the famous Arezzo bronze that dates from the fifth century. Springing from the middle of the animal's back is the head of a goat, while at one end it has a snake's head and at the other a lion's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3580687046051025, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "      The Chimera reappears in the sixth book of the Aeneid, \"armed with flame\"; Virgil's commentator Servius Honoratus observed that, according to all authorities, the monster was native to Lycia, where there was a volcano bearing its name. The base of this mountain was infested with serpents, higher up on its flanks were meadows and goats, and toward its desolate top, which belched out flames, a pride of lions had its resort. The Chimera would seem to be a metaphor of this strange elevation. Earlier, Plutarch suggested that Chimera was the name of a pirate captain who adorned his ship with the images of a lion, a goat, and a snake.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1170525550842285, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "       The absurd hypotheses are proof that the Chimera was beginning to bore people. Easier than imagining it was to translate it into something else. As a beast it was too heterogeneous; the lion, goat, and snake (in some texts, dragon) did not readily make up a single animal. With time the Chimera tended to become \"chimerical\"; a celebrated joke of Rabalais' (\"Can a chimera, swinging in the void, swallow second intentions?\") clearly marks the transition. The patchwork image disappeared by the word remained, signifying the impossible. A vain or foolish fancy is the definition of Chimera that we now find in dictionaries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.27302885055542, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "John Barth \"Chimera\", New York 1972. A modern revisitation of ancient myths and stories by novelist John Barth. It includes a section on Sheherazade's story, one on Perseus, and one on Bellerophon, and his nemesis: the Chimera. Thus Begins, so help me Muse, the tidewater tale of twin Bellerophon, mythic hero, cousin to constellated Perseus: how he flew and reflew Pegasus the winged horse, dealt double death to the three part freak Chimera; twice loved, twice lost, twice aspired to, reached and died to immortality - in short how he rode the heroic cycle and was recyled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.593605041503906, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Barry D. Kahan; From the Presindent's Columns of the first issue of \"The Chimera, a journal dedicated to transplant surgery , August 1989, p. 1 (this piece was contributed by Richard Mason).  There are many interpretations of the symbolism of the Chimera. One interesting interpretation pits Bellerophon, the father of the line of Lycian princes, agaisnt a thoroughly non-Greek oriental style monster.Not only does this show racial xenophobia, but also conquest of the supernatural. In the language of mythology, monsters were beings of unnatural proportion or parts possessing immense strength and ferocity employed for the injury and annoyance of man, particularly as executioners or infernal judges. Freudians claim the swoop of Bellerophon upon the Chimera denotes sexual conquest. The Chimera is the calendar symbol of the tripartite year: lion for spring, goat for summer, and serpent for winter. Probably the best known use of the word Chimera is to denote a figment of the imagination or a fantastic idea. And what is a more fantastic idea than clinical transplantation, particularly in its multiple manifestations of our present armamentarium? Thus, the Chimera as the logo of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons not only embodies the substance (multiple diverse body parts) but also the spirit of our specialty. This newsletter seeks to embody this substance and spirit", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.277193069458008, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" }, { "answer": "The Chimera", "passage": "Back to the main page of the myth of the Chimera", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.074969291687012, "source": "search", "title": "Chimera or Chimaera myth: a collection of texts" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Paříž", "FRPAR", "Paris", "Name of paris and its inhabitants", "Paname", "Paris France", "Ville Lumière", "Leucetia", "Rue de Ménilmontant", "Paris agglomeration", "France Paris", "Sports in Paris", "Departement de Paris", "Paris, Ile-De-France", "Rue de Menilmontant", "UN/LOCODE:FRPAR", "Paříži", "Ville Lumiere", "Paris, France", "Paris, Île-de-France", "Paris, Île-de-France, France", "Parijs", "Parisien", "Cuisine of Paris", "Suburbs of Paris", "Sport in Paris", "The weather in Paris", "Parisian (person)", "Parizi", "París", "Name of Paris and its inhabitants", "Paree", "Paris, Europe", "Paris, Banks of the Seine", "Paris (etymology)", "Paris (France)", "The City of Love (city)", "Département de Paris" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "parís", "paris europe", "paris etymology", "paname", "cuisine of paris", "paris", "departement de paris", "paříži", "ville lumière", "city of love city", "paris île de france", "paris ile de france", "paříž", "name of paris and its inhabitants", "parisian person", "sports in paris", "paris agglomeration", "département de paris", "sport in paris", "ville lumiere", "paris banks of seine", "suburbs of paris", "france paris", "rue de menilmontant", "rue de ménilmontant", "weather in paris", "paris france", "parizi", "leucetia", "paree", "paris île de france france", "frpar", "un locode frpar", "parisien", "parijs" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "paris", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Paris" }

[ { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The death of Achilles, as predicted by Hector with his dying breath, was brought about by Paris with an arrow (to the heel according to Statius). In some versions, the god Apollo guided Paris' arrow. Some retellings also state that Achilles was scaling the gates of Troy and was hit with a poisoned arrow.", "precise_score": 3.3529841899871826, "rough_score": 3.8749303817749023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Everyone agrees that Paris killed Achilles with an arrow during the siege of Troy, but the details of his death are subject to debate. The familiar story that his mother Thetis dipped him in the River Styx but left a vulnerable spot in his heel is probably an invention of late antiquity, a variation of an earlier story that his mother tried to make him immortal by dipping him in boiling water or exposing him to flames. According to that legend, told in The Voyage of the Argo, her efforts were interrupted by her husband Peleus, and Achilles remained mortal. 1", "precise_score": 6.1949872970581055, "rough_score": 6.666194915771484, "source": "search", "title": "How Did Achilles Die? - Michael McClain" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "In Dan Simmons ' Illium and Olympos the Trojan war is being deliberately recreated. Part of this involves Achilles being given a sort of quantum invulnerability that ensures he will only every be hurt by an arrow intentionally fired at his heel by Paris, which probably takes the cake for most specific and most inevitable Achilles Heel.", "precise_score": 3.5022144317626953, "rough_score": 5.307159900665283, "source": "search", "title": "Achilles' Heel - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Achilles rushed into battle in a furious desire to avenge the death of Patroclus. He chased Hector around the walls of Troy three times before killing the Trojan prince in one-on-one combat. He then dragged the body behind his chariot for nine days, which prevented the Trojans from holding a proper funeral. The gods forced Achilles to surrender the body of Hector to his grieving father, King Priam of Troy. Soon after, Achilles was killed on the battlefield when he was struck in his vulnerable heel by an arrow fired by Hector’s brother, Paris.", "precise_score": 4.001040458679199, "rough_score": 5.146999359130859, "source": "search", "title": "Achilles (Greek Mythology ) - Filozof.net" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Achilles’ most notable feat during the Trojan War was the slaying of the Trojan hero Hector outside the gates of Troy. Although the death of Achilles is not presented in the Iliad, other sources concur that he was killed near the end of the Trojan War by Paris, who shot him in the heel with an arrow. Later legends (beginning with a poem by Statius in the 1st century AD) state that Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body except for his heel. Because of his death from a small wound in the heel, the term Achilles' heel has come to mean a person's point of weakness.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7020672559738159, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "All of these versions deny Paris any sort of valor, owing to the common conception that Paris was a coward and not the man his brother Hector was, and Achilles remained undefeated on the battlefield. His bones were mingled with those of Patroclus, and funeral games were held. He was represented in the Aethiopis as living after his death in the island of Leuke at the mouth of the river Danube.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.872771263122559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Another version of Achilles' death is that he fell deeply in love with one of the Trojan princesses, Polyxena. Achilles asks Priam for Polyxena's hand in marriage. Priam is willing because it would mean the end of the war and an alliance with the world's greatest warrior. But while Priam is overseeing the private marriage of Polyxena and Achilles, Paris, who would have to give up Helen if Achilles married his sister, hides in the bushes and shoots Achilles with a divine arrow, killing him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9202880859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Paris was later killed by Philoctetes using the enormous bow of Heracles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988059997558594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Greek tragedian Aeschylus wrote a trilogy of plays about Achilles, given the title Achilleis by modern scholars. The tragedies relate the deeds of Achilles during the Trojan War, including his defeat of Hector and eventual death when an arrow shot by Paris and guided by Apollo punctures his heel. Extant fragments of the Achilleis and other Aeschylean fragments have been assembled to produce a workable modern play. The first part of the Achilleis trilogy, The Myrmidons, focused on the relationship between Achilles and chorus, who represent the Achaean army and try to convince Achilles to give up his quarrel with Agamemnon; only a few lines survive today. In Plato's Symposium, Phaedrus points out that Aeschylus portrayed Achilles as the lover and Patroclus as the beloved; Phaedrus argues that this is incorrect because Achilles, being the younger and more beautiful of the two, was the beloved, who loved his lover so much that he chose to die to revenge him. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9911048412322998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The death of Achilles was not mentioned in Homer's Iliad, but appeared in later Greek and Roman poetry and drama concerning events after the Iliad, later in the Trojan War. In the myths surrounding the war, Achilles was said to have died from a heel wound which was the result of an arrow—possibly poisoned—shot by Paris. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2837300300598145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Achilles' heel" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Who is Paris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264713287353516, "source": "search", "title": "History Jeopardy Template - jeopardylabs.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "��\u0011ࡱ\u001a�\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000�� 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\u0000\u0000Prasvapna \u0000\u0000Sarasvati \u0000\u0000Yudhishtira \u0000\u0000Sanjivini\u0005\u0000\u0000Three\u0007\u0000\u0000Mathura\u0007\u0000\u000018 daysV\u0000\u0000According to the Puranas, how many heads did Brahma have before Shiva plucked one out?J\u0000\u0000How many avatars of Vishnu are believed to have come down to Earth so far?E\u0000\u0000In the epic Ramayana, with which weapon did Rama finally kill Ravana?w\u0000\u0000In the epic, Ramayana, Rama asks Hanuman to fetch him a medicinal herb that grew in the Himalayas. What was its name? >\u0000\u0000Who is the wife of Brahma, and mother to the first man, Manu? 3\u0000\u0000In the epic Mahabharata, who is called Dharmaputra?4\u0000\u0000How many legs do the Hindu gods Agni and Kuber have?1\u0000\u0000In Hindu mytholgoy, which kingdom did Kamsa rule?0\u0000\u0000How many days did the battle of Mahabharat last?\u0003\u0000\u0000Pax\b\u0000\u000020 years\u0006\u0000\u0000Balder \u0000\u0000Cassandra\u000f\u0000\u0000Golden apricots\u0007\u0000\u0000The owl\b\u0000\u0000Atlantis7\u0000\u0000In Greek mythology, who was the goddess of the rainbow?a\u0000\u0000According to legend, who fired the arrow that hit Achilles in the heel, his only vulnerable spot?(\u0000\u0000Who was the ancient Greek god of dreams?A\u0000\u0000According to classical mythology, who was the first mortal woman?\b\u0000\u0000Morpheus \u0000\u0000What was the name ofBhim's son? \u0000\u0000Bhishm Pitamah was the son of?!\u0000\u0000How was Krishna related to Kunti?\"\u0000\u0000Who was the wife of Lord Krishna?? \u0000\u0000Who was the son of King Bali?<\u0000\u0000According to Ramayana who was the architect behind Ram-Setu?\u001a\u0000\u0000Who was Hanuman's father ?M\u0000\u0000According to Mahabharata, who did the commentry for Dhrithrashtra during war?\u0016\u0000\u0000Who was Laxman's wife? \u0000\u0000Ghatothkach\u0005\u0000\u0000Ganga\u0006\u0000\u0000Nephew\u0007\u0000\u0000Rukmini\u0005\u0000\u0000Angad\b\u0000\u0000Nal-Neel\u0005\u0000\u0000Pawan\u0006\u0000\u0000Sanjay\u0006\u0000\u0000Urmila#\u0000\u0000Who was the Latin Goddess of Peace?:\u0000\u0000How many years did Ulysses wander after the siege of Troy?:\u0000\u0000Who was killed by the evil-minded Loki in Norse mythology?;\u0000\u0001W\u0000h\u0000a\u0000t\u0000 \u0000w\u0000a\u0000s\u0000 \u0000t\u0000h\u0000e\u0000 \u0000n\u0000a\u0000m\u0000e\u0000 \u0000o\u0000f\u0000 \u0000t\u0000h\u0000e\u0000 \u0000\u0018 p\u0000r\u0000o\u0000p\u0000h\u0000e\u0000t\u0000s\u0000 \u0000o\u0000f\u0000 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\u0000\u0000���� \b\u0002\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000F&\u0000\u0000\u0000Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Worksheet\u0000\u0006\u0000\u0000\u0000Biff8\u0000\u000e\u0000\u0000\u0000Excel.Sheet.8\u0000�9�q", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275389671325684, "source": "search", "title": "fi.ge.pgstatic.net" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Jonathon Burgess, in a 1995 article titled \"Achilles' Heel: The Death of Achilles in Ancient Myth\", uses evidence from ancient art and literature to argue that in earlier myth Achilles was probably killed outside the walls of Troy with two arrows. The first hit his foot or ankle, crippling him and taking away his legendary speed (Achilles is typically referred to as swift-footed), 2 while the second killed him. In the later Roman myth, Paris shot him in the heel inside the temple of Apollo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.74663507938385, "source": "search", "title": "How Did Achilles Die? - Michael McClain" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "When Paris and Apollo destroy you", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16608715057373, "source": "search", "title": "How Did Achilles Die? - Michael McClain" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Even though it features the trope namer, Song of Achilles does not include the literal heel as Achilles' one weakness. Metaphorically it's actually his Pride , and he dies by being shot in the heart by an arrow shot by Paris and guided by Apollo. This is actually consistent with the original version by Homer since the bit with the heel was added several centuries later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1424951553344727, "source": "search", "title": "Achilles' Heel - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The name for this trope is the Greek hero Achilles. In Homer, he's not invulnerable (he bleeds from a minor spear wound). Classical Greek art depicts Achilles being killed by an arrow to the body. But Statius, writing in the 1st century AD (900-some years after Homer), gave him a colorful superpower. According to Statius's account, Achilles' mother, the nymph Thetis, dunked him in the River Styx to make him immortal. However, she wasn't able to dunk the foot she held him with, since as a goddess, she could not bear the touch of the Waters of Styx. Quite naturally, he was killed by a poisoned arrow to the heel, courtesy of Prince Paris of Troy. For some reason she didn't think to dunk him, pull him out, dry him up, flip him over and dunk the dry foot (according to the myth, Thetis had seven children, but only Achilles survived the dunk in Styx, presumably Thetis didn't want to risk dunking Achilles a second time). An alternate version has Thetis anointing Achilles with ambrosia and burning the mortality out of him over a fire. Her husband Peleus happened to walk in on her and, well, there's a reason the two are living separately by the time Achilles grows up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.133460521697998, "source": "search", "title": "Achilles' Heel - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Trojan War Achilles played a central role in the Trojan War. The Trojan War was a ten-year conflict between the Greeks and the Trojans. The war began when the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped a beautiful Greek queen named Helen. Her husband, King Menelaus, pulled together a large army and chased Paris and Helen, tracking them to the city of Troy. The Greek army camped outside of the city walls and laid siege (engaged in a persistent attack against the city) to Troy for ten years. When the Trojan War began, Achilles’ parents tried to keep him from joining the Greek forces against the Trojans in order to prevent the prophecy regarding his death in battle from coming true. But the Greeks felt they needed Achilles to fight with them because they had received a prophecy that they could not defeat the Trojans without him. They therefore sent the Greek leader Odysseus (pronounced oh- DIS-ee-uhs) to persuade Achilles to join the war. Achilles agreed to fight with them—even though he knew his choice might cost him his life—because he valued glory in battle more than a quiet existence in peace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3674635887146, "source": "search", "title": "Achilles (Greek Mythology ) - Filozof.net" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Another theme of the story of Achilles is revenge. After having an argument with Agamemnon, Achilles gets his revenge on the king by refusing to fight.This leads to the death of Patroclus,which prompts Achilles to seek revenge against his friend’s killer, Hector. After Achilles killsHector, Paris seeks revenge against Achilles for the death of his brother.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.756653785705566, "source": "search", "title": "Achilles (Greek Mythology ) - Filozof.net" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Persephone (godess)", "Persephonie", "Perséphone", "Godess Persephone", "Persephone", "Perséphonê", "Kore (Greek religion)", "Persephoneia", "Phersipnei", "Persephone (goddess)", "Persephatta", "Persephony", "Persephassa", "Phersephassa", "Persephoney", "Persephone (mythology)", "Goddess Persephone", "Iron Queen" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "perséphonê", "kore greek religion", "perséphone", "goddess persephone", "godess persephone", "persephoneia", "persephone", "phersipnei", "persephonie", "persephone goddess", "persephatta", "phersephassa", "persephoney", "iron queen", "persephony", "persephone godess", "persephone mythology", "persephassa" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "persephone", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Persephone" }

[ { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades obtained his wife and queen, Persephone, through abduction at the behest of Zeus. This myth is the most important one Hades takes part in; it also connected the Eleusinian Mysteries with the Olympian pantheon, particularly as represented in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, which is the oldest story of the abduction, most likely dating back to the beginning of the 6th Century BC. Helios told the grieving Demeter that Hades was not unworthy as a consort for Persephone:", "precise_score": 5.713865280151367, "rough_score": 6.964856147766113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades ruled the dead, assisted by others over whom he had complete authority. The House of hades was described as full of \"guests,\" though he rarely left the Underworld. He cared little about what happened in the Upperworld, as his primary attention was ensuring none of his subjects ever left. When he did venture above ground, he generally wore his helmet of invisibility, which he obtained from the Cyclopes. He strictly forbade his subjects to leave his domain and would become quite enraged when anyone tried to leave, or if someone tried to steal the souls from his realm. His wrath was equally terrible for anyone who tried to cheat death or otherwise crossed him, as Sisyphus and Pirithous found out to their sorrow. While usually indifferent to his subjects, Hades was very focused on the punishment of these two people; particularly Pirithous, as he entered the underworld in an attempt to steal Persephone for himself, and consequently was forced onto the \"Chair of Forgetfulness\". Another myth is about the Roman god Asclepius was originally a demigod, fathered by Apollo and birthed by Coronis, a Thessalian princess. During his lifetime, he became a famous and talented physician, who eventually was able to bring the dead back to life. Feeling cheated, Plouton persuaded Jupiter to kill him with a thunderbolt. After his death, he was brought to Olympus where he became a god. Hades was only depicted outside of the Underworld once in myth, and even that is believed to have been an instance where he had just left the gates of the Underworld, which was when Heracles shot him with an arrow as Hades was attempting to defend the city of Plyus. After he was shot, however, he traveled to Olympus to heal. Besides Heracles, the only other living people who ventured to the Underworld were all heroes: Odysseus, Aeneas (accompanied by the Sibyl), Orpheus, who Hades showed uncharacteristic mercy towards at Persephone's persuasion, who was moved by Orpheus' music, Theseus with Pirithous, and, in a late romance, Psyche. None of them were pleased with what they witnessed in the realm of the dead. In particular, the Greek war hero Achilles, whom Odysseus conjured with a blood libation, said:", "precise_score": 1.538110613822937, "rough_score": -1.2690200805664062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The philosopher Heraclitus, unifying opposites, declared that Hades and Dionysus, the very essence of indestructible life (zoë), are the same god. Among other evidence Kerényi notes that the grieving goddess Demeter refused to drink wine, which is the gift of Dionysus, after Persephone's abduction, because of this association, and suggests that Hades may in fact have been a \"cover name\" for the underworld Dionysus. He suggests that this dual identity may have been familiar to those who came into contact with the Mysteries. One of the epithets of Dionysus was \"Chthonios\", meaning \"the subterranean\". ", "precise_score": 0.9160685539245605, "rough_score": 1.5971789360046387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": " Hades was depicted so infrequently in artwork, as well as mythology, because the Greeks were so afraid of him. His artistic representations, which are generally found in Archaic pottery, are not even concretely thought of as the deity; however at this point in time it is heavily believed that the figures illustrated are indeed Hades. He was later presented in the classical arts in the depictions of the Rape of Persephone. Within these illustrations, Hades was often young, yet he was also shown as varying ages in other works. Due to this lack of depictions, there weren't very strict guidelines when representing the deity. On pottery, he has a dark beard and is presented as a stately figure on an \"ebony throne.\" He has a few symbolic icons, such as a \"bird-tipped scepter,\" and a key, which both represented his control over the underworld and acted as a reminder that the gates of the Underworld were always locked so that souls could not leave. Even if the doors were open, Cerberus, the three-headed guard dog of the Underworld, ensured that while all souls were allowed to enter into The Underworld freely, none could ever escape. The dog is often portrayed next to the god as a means of easy identification, since no other deity relates to it so directly. Sometimes, artists painted Hades as looking away from the other gods, as he was disliked by them as well as humans.", "precise_score": 0.1849186271429062, "rough_score": 0.4635944068431854, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The consort of Hades was Persephone, represented by the Greeks as the beautiful daughter of Demeter. ", "precise_score": 4.683560371398926, "rough_score": 5.615890026092529, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone did not submit to Hades willingly, but was abducted by him while picking flowers in the fields of Nysa. In protest of his act, Demeter cast a curse on the land and there was a great famine; though, one by one, the gods came to request she lift it, lest mankind perish, she asserted that the earth would remain barren until she saw her daughter again. Finally, Zeus intervened; via Hermes, he requested that Hades return Persephone. Hades complied,", "precise_score": -1.4364173412322998, "rough_score": -3.516535758972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "This bound her to Hades and the Underworld, much to the dismay of Demeter. It is not clear whether Persephone was accomplice to the ploy. Zeus proposed a compromise, to which all parties agreed: of the year, Persephone would spend one third with her husband. ", "precise_score": 3.082721710205078, "rough_score": 3.2055132389068604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Theseus and Pirithous pledged to kidnap and marry daughters of Zeus. Theseus chose Helen and together they kidnapped her and decided to hold onto her until she was old enough to marry. Pirithous chose Persephone. They left Helen with Theseus' mother, Aethra and traveled to the Underworld. Hades knew of their plan to capture his wife, so he pretended to offer them hospitality and set a feast; as soon as the pair sat down, snakes coiled around their feet and held them there. Theseus was eventually rescued by Heracles but Pirithous remained trapped as punishment for daring to seek the wife of a god for his own.", "precise_score": 3.320565938949585, "rough_score": 1.5047372579574585, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Beyond lay Erebus, which could be taken for a euphonym of Hades, whose own name was dread. There were two pools, that of Lethe, where the common souls flocked to erase all memory, and the pool of Mnemosyne (\"memory\"), where the initiates of the Mysteries drank instead. In the forecourt of the palace of Hades and Persephone sit the three judges of the Underworld: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Aeacus. There at the trivium sacred to Hecate, where three roads meet, souls are judged, returned to the Fields of Asphodel if they are neither virtuous nor evil, sent by the road to Tartarus if they are impious or evil, or sent to Elysium (Islands of the Blessed) with the \"blameless\" heroes.", "precise_score": -0.4032597243785858, "rough_score": -3.3019721508026123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Although an Olympian, Hades preferred the Underworld and rarely left his kingdom. His weapon was a pitchfork, which he used to create earthquakes, similar to the way Poseidon used his trident. He also had a helmet of invisibility, which he had received as a gift from the Cyclopes , in order to use it during the clash of the Titans . He was married to Persephone , daughter of Demeter , whom Hades abducted and carried down to the Underworld.", "precise_score": 2.815389633178711, "rough_score": 2.889698028564453, "source": "search", "title": "Hades - Greek Mythology" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "He was later known to the Greeks as Plouton, which the Romans pluralized to Pluto. The god of the underworld was married to Persephone, the daughter of Demeter , whom he obtained through deception after abducting her to the underworld and giving her the forbidden fruit pomegranate, forcing her to remain in the underworld with him for one third of each year.", "precise_score": 3.196943759918213, "rough_score": -3.2309188842773438, "source": "search", "title": "Hades • Facts and Information on Greek God Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Pirithoüs, friend of Theseus, detrmined to have Persephone (the most carefully guarded lady in all the universe) as his bride. To this end, the two friends journeyed to the underworld, but Hades thwarted their plan. He invited them to sit on the Chair of Forgetfulness, which cause its occupant to forget everything. Hercules rescued Theseus, but the King of the Dead held Pirithoüs there for trying to steal his queen.", "precise_score": 3.0443832874298096, "rough_score": 2.216385841369629, "source": "search", "title": "Hades • Facts and Information on Greek God Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades is a son of Cronus and Rhea, and a brother of Zeus and Poseidon. He was married to Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. In the division of the world among the three brothers, Hades obtained \"the darkness of night,\" the abode of the shades, over which he rules. (Apollod. i. 1. § 5, 2. § 1.) Hence he is called the infernal Zeus (Zeus katachthonios), or the king of the shades (anae enerôn, Hom. Il. ix. 457, xx. 61. xv. 187, &c.). As, however, the earth and Olympus belonged to the three brothers in common, he might ascend Olympus, as he did at the time when he was wounded by Heracles. (Il. v. 395; comp. Paus. vi. 25. § 3; Apollod. ii. 7. § 3; Pind. Ol. ix. 31.) But when Hades was in his own kingdom, he was quite unaware of what was going on either on earth or in Olympus (Il. xx. 61, &c.), and it was only the oaths and curses of men that reached his ears, as they reached those of the Erinnyes. He possessed a helmet which rendered the wearer invisible (Il. v. 845), and later traditions stated that this helmet was given him as a present by the Cyclopes after their delivery from Tartarus. (Apollod. i. 2. § 1.) Ancient story mentions both gods and men who were honoured by Hades with the temporary use of this helmet. (Apollod. i. 6. § 2, ii. 4. § 2.) His character is described as fierce and inexorable, whence of all the gods he was most hated by mortals. (Il. ix. 158.) He kept the gates of the lower world closed (whence he is called Pulartês, Il. viii. 367; comp. Paus. v. 20. § 1.; Orph. Hymn. 17. 4), that no shade might be able to escape or return to the region of light. When mortals invoked him, they struck the earth with their hands (Il. ix. 567), and the sacrifices which were offered to him and Persephone consisted of black male and female sheep, and the person who offered the sacrifice had to turn away his face. (Od. x. 527; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. ii. 380.)", "precise_score": 0.2901482582092285, "rough_score": -0.4263473451137543, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades and Persephone in the Underworld, Apulian red-figure krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen", "precise_score": 2.4378535747528076, "rough_score": 1.5889875888824463, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In Orphic myth, it is heavenly Zeus rather than Haides who impregnates Persephone, sometimes in the guise of an earthly dragon, sometimes in the form of her own husband.", "precise_score": -2.981290340423584, "rough_score": -3.5852818489074707, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades and Persephone, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., British Museum", "precise_score": -0.5550813674926758, "rough_score": -3.3992908000946045, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com", "precise_score": 5.370081424713135, "rough_score": 1.6367015838623047, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld", "precise_score": 4.125412940979004, "rough_score": -0.15490949153900146, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The story of Persephone, the sweet daughter of goddess Demeter who was kidnapped by Hades and later became the Queen of the Underworld, is known all over the world. It is actually the way of the ancient Greeks to explain the change of the seasons, the eternal cycle of the Nature's death and rebirth. Persephone is understood in people's mind as a naive little girl who flows between the protection of the mother and the love of her husband. The myth of Persephone was very popular in the ancient times and it is said that her story was represented in the Eleusinian Mysteries, the great private and secret celebrations of ancient Greece.", "precise_score": 6.376506805419922, "rough_score": 7.041771411895752, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Discover the myth of Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld", "precise_score": 4.045176029205322, "rough_score": -1.5580971240997314, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "According to Greek Mythology, Persephone, the queen of the underworld, was the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, the goddess of harvest and fertility. She was also called Kore, which means \"maiden\" and grew up to be a lovely girl attracting the attention of many gods. However, Demeter had an obsessed love for her only daughter and kept all men away from her.", "precise_score": 7.927802085876465, "rough_score": 6.198071002960205, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The most persisting suitor of Persephone was Hades, the god of the Underworld. He was a hard, middle-aged man, living in the dark, among the shadows of the Dead. But his heart softened when he saw Persephone and was amazed by his youth, beauty and freshness. When he asked Demeter to marry her daughter, Demeter got furious and said there wasn't the slightest chance for that to happen. Hades was heart-broken and decided to get Persephone no matter what.", "precise_score": 1.2829259634017944, "rough_score": 3.1043527126312256, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "A distraught and heartbroken Demeter wandered the earth looking for her daughter until her good friend Hecate, goddess of wilderness and childbirth, advised her to seek for the help of Helios, the all-seeing Sun god, in order to find her daughter. Helios felt sorry for Demeter, who was crying and pleading him to help her. Thus she revealed her that Persephone had been kidnapped by Hades. When she heard that, Demeter got angry and wanted to take revenge but Helios suggested that it was not such a bad thing for Persephone to be the wife of Hades and queen of the dead.", "precise_score": 3.1059417724609375, "rough_score": -1.3054561614990234, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The cries of the people who were suffering reached Olympus and the divine ears of Zeus. The mighty god finally realized that if he wouldn't do something about his wife's wrath, all humanity would disappear. Thus he tried to find another solution to both calm Demeter and please Hades. He promised Demeter to restore Persephone to her if it can be proved that the maiden stays with Hades against her will. Otherwise, Persephone belongs to her husband.", "precise_score": 1.0400259494781494, "rough_score": 2.3413240909576416, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The crafty Hades learned this agreement and tricked his reluctant bride, who was crying all day and night from despair, to eat a few seeds of the pomegranate fruit. This was the food of the Underworld and every time someone ate even a few seeds of this, then, after a while, he would miss life in the Underworld. When the gathering in front of Zeus took place and Persephone was asked where she would like to live, she answered she wanted to live with her husband. When Demeter heard that, she got infuriated and accused Hades that somehow he had tricked her daughter.", "precise_score": 1.5286662578582764, "rough_score": 3.406346321105957, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Thus the lovely maiden Persephone became the rightful wife of Hades and Queen of the Underworld. During the six months that Persephone spent in the Underworld, her mother was sad and not in the mood to deal with harvest. Thus she would leave the Earth to decline.", "precise_score": 7.451676845550537, "rough_score": 7.001369476318359, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades abduction of Persephone", "precise_score": -2.5453429222106934, "rough_score": -4.1638054847717285, "source": "search", "title": "Hades - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades's wife, Persephone was the goddess of crops and spring, daughter of Demeter . Persephone was picking flowers, when Persephone was caught by the sight of a flower, the narcissus. Unnoticed by the maidens with her, Persephone went to pick up the flower. Out of nowhere, the ground split, and Hades himself rode out in his majestic chariot, guided by black-ash steeds. Grabbing Persephone, he rode back into the Underworld, and the gap sealed. Demeter, not able to find Persephone, became extremely sullen and saddened. Her sadness left the Earth to die. Nothing grew, nothing was green. This was the season of Winter, in which Demeter was sad. Going to Zeus, she found that Hades himself had taken Persephone. So Hermes was sent, and asked Hades for Persephone back. In the Underworld, Hades was showering Persephone with gold and riches, but she would have none of it. Hearing the news, she gladly was allowed to go back. But Hades persuaded Persephone to eat a third of a pomegranate. She went back to Demeter, happy again. And everything on Earth grew. But when Persephone told Demeter of the pomegranate, Demeter was struck with sadness. Anything eaten in the Underworld, would bind the digested to hell for their life. So Zeus had declared Persephone would spend 1/3 of the year in the Underworld, and the rest of the year coming back and living with Demeter. This is the reason that Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter was formed.", "precise_score": 3.4255928993225098, "rough_score": 2.0723657608032227, "source": "search", "title": "Hades - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades became very lonely in the Underworld and wanted a wife. Zeus said he could marry his daughter Persephone. However, Persephone did not want to marry Hades and live in the Underworld. Hades then kidnapped Persephone and forced her to come to the underworld. Demeter, Persephone's mother and goddess of crops, became sad and neglected the harvest and the world suffered famine. Eventually, the gods came to an agreement and Persephone would live with Hades for four months of the year. These months are represented by winter, when nothing grows.", "precise_score": 3.9433677196502686, "rough_score": 5.72827672958374, "source": "search", "title": "Greek Mythology: Hades - Ducksters" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the Underworld (Roman Proserpina)", "precise_score": 5.0509114265441895, "rough_score": -0.241502583026886, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE was the goddess queen of the underworld, wife of the god Haides (Hades). She was also the goddess of spring growth, who was worshipped alongside her mother Demeter in the Eleusinian Mysteries. This agricultural-based cult promised its initiates passage to a blessed afterlife.", "precise_score": 8.342489242553711, "rough_score": 8.161890029907227, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In other myths, Persephone appears exclusively as the queen of the underworld, receiving the likes of Herakles and Orpheus at her court.", "precise_score": 5.280644416809082, "rough_score": 0.05818385258316994, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The story of her being carried off by Pluto, against her will, is not mentioned by Homer, who simply describes her as his wife and queen; and her abduction is first mentioned by Hesiod (Theog. 914). Zeus, it is said, advised Pluto, who was in love with the beautiful Persephone, to carry her off, as her mother, Demeter, was not likely to allow her daughter to go down to Hades. (Comp. Hygin. Fab. 146.) Pluto accordingly carried her off while she was gathering flowers with Artemis and Athena. (Comp. Diod. v. 3.) Demeter, when she found her daughter had disappeared, searched for her all over the earth with torches, until at length she discovered the place of her abode. Her anger at the abduction obliged Zeus to request Pluto to send Persephone (or Cora, i. e. the maiden or daughter) back. Pluto indeed complied with the request, but first gave her a kernel of a pomegranate to eat, whereby she became doomed to the lower world, and an agreement was made that Persephone should spend one third (later writers say one half) of every year in Hades with Pluto, and the remaining two thirds with the gods above. (Apollod. i. 5. 1, &c,; Or. Met. v. 565; comp. Demeter.) The place where Persephone was said to have been carried off, is different in the various local traditions. The Sicilians, among whom her worship was probably introduced by the Corinthian and Megarian colonists, believed that Pluto found her in the meadows near Enna, and that the well Cyane arose on the spot where he descended with her into the lower world. (Diod. v. 3, &c.; comp. Lydus, De Mens. p. 286; Ov. Fast. iv. 422.) The Cretans thought that their own island had been the scene of the rape (Schol. ad Hes. Theog. 913), and the Eleusinians mentioned the Nysaean plain in Boeotia, and said that Persephone had descended with Pluto into the lower world at the entrance of the western Oceanus. Later accounts place the rape in Attica, near Athens (Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. 1590) or at Erineos near Eleusis (Paus. i. 38. § 5), or in the neighbourhood of Lerna (ii. 36. § 7 ; respecting other localities see Conon, Narr. 15 ; Orph. Argon. 1192; Spanheim, ad Callim. Hymn. in Cer. 9).", "precise_score": 2.2542948722839355, "rough_score": -0.40979239344596863, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades and Persephone in the Underworld, Apulian red-figure krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen", "precise_score": 2.4378533363342285, "rough_score": 1.5889875888824463, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In the Orphic myths, the maiden goddess Persephone was seduced by Zeus in the guise of a serpent. She bore him a son, the godling Zagreus, who, when Zeus placed him upon the throne of heaven, was attacked and dismembered by the Titanes. His heart was recovered and he was reborn through Semele as the god Dionysos. An infernal goddess named Melinoe (probably Hekate) was also said to have been born from their union.", "precise_score": -2.650853157043457, "rough_score": -4.17976713180542, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In another story, based on an old folktale-motif, and echoing a similar theme, Demeter was searching for her daughter, Persephone, having taken the form of an old woman called Doso, and received a hospitable welcome from Celeus, the King of Eleusis in Attica. As a gift to Celeus, because of his hospitality, Demeter planned to make his son Demophon a god, but she was unable to complete the ritual because his mother Metanira walked in and saw her son in the fire and screamed in fright, which angered Demeter, who lamented that foolish mortals do not understand the concept and ritual. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.139352798461914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greek mythology" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307759284973145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Demeter questioned Persephone on her return to light and air:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33512020111084, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "According to Ovid, Hades pursued and would have won the nymph Minthe, associated with the river Cocytus, had not Persephone turned Minthe into the plant called mint.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.779693126678467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "His wife was Persephone, Demeter’s only daughter, whom he kidnapped and made his queen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.549044132232666, "source": "search", "title": "Hades • Facts and Information on Greek God Hades" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades and Persephone, Apulian red-figure vase C4th B.C.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.464693069458008, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Haides desired a bride and petitioned his brother Zeus to grant him one of his daughters. The god offered him Persephone , the daughter of Demeter. However, knowing that the goddess would resist the marriage, he assented to the forceful abduction of the girl. When Demeter learned of this, she was furious and caused a great dearth to fall upon the earth until her daughter was returned. Zeus was forced to concede lest mankind perish, and the girl was fetched forth from the underworld. However, since she had tasted of the pomegranate seed, she was forced to return to him for a portion of each year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.515284061431885, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "[1.1] THE ERINYES (by Persephone ) (Orphic Hymns 29.6 70.3)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06014347076416, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "[3.1] MELINOE (by Persephone ) (Orphic Hymn 71)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239255905151367, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The ensign of his power was a staff, with which, like Hermes, he drove the shades into the lower world (Pind. Ol. ix. 35), where he had his palace and shared his throne with his consort Persephone. When he carried off Persephone from the upper world, he rode in a golden chariot drawn by four black immortal horses. (Orph. Argon. 1192, Hymn. 17. 14; Ov. Met. v. 404; Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 19; Claudian, Rapt. Proserp. i. in fin.) Besides these horses he was also believed to have herds of oxen in the lower world and in the island of Erytheia, which were attended to by Menoetius. (Apollod. ii. 5. §§ 10, 12.) Like the other gods, he was not a faithful husband; the Furies are called his daughters (Serv. ad Aen. i. 86); the nymph Mintho, whom he loved, was metamorphosed by Persephone into the plant called mint (Strab. viii. p. 344; Ov. Met. x. 728), and the nymph Leuce, with whom he was likewise in love, was changed by him after her death into a white poplar, and transferred to Elysium. (Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. vii. 61.) Being the king of the lower world, Pluton is the giver of all the blessings that come from the earth: he is the possessor and giver of all the metals contained in the earth, and hence his name Pluton. (Hes. Op. et Dies, 435; Aeschyl. Prom. 805; Strab. iii. p. 147; Lucian, Tim. 21.) He bears several surnames referring to his ultimately assembling all mortals in his kingdom, and bringing them to rest and peace; such as Polydegmon, Polydectes, Clymenus, Pankoitês, &c. (Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 9; Aeschyl. Prom. 153 ; Soph. Antig. 811; Paus. ii. 35. § 7.) Hades was worshipped throughout Greece and Italy. In Elis he had a sacred enclosure and a temple, which was opened only once in every year (Paus. vi. 25. § 3) ; and we further know that lie had temples at Pylos Triphyliacus, near Mount Menthe, between Tralles and Nysa, at Athens in the grove of the Erinnyes, and at Olympia. (Strab. iii. p. 344, xiv. p. 649 Paus. i. 28. § 6, v. 20. § 1.) We possess few representations of this divinity, but in those which still exist, he resembles his brothers Zeus and Poseidon, except that his hair falls down his forehead, and that the majesty of his appearance is dark and gloomy. His ordinary attributes are the key of Hades and Cerberus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.667342662811279, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Lord Zeus holds the starry hall on Olympos; he has given the briny sea to his brother [Poseidon] the water king for his prerogotive; he has given the cloudy house of darkness to your [Persephone's] consort [Haides].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.000272750854492, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "HADES & THE RAPE OF PERSEPHONE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.949285984039307, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "For the MYTH of the myth of Haides & Persephone see: The Rape of Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.129630088806152, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The Rape of Persephone, Greek fresco from Macedonian tomb C4th B.C., Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.610405921936035, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "[N.B. In this fragment Sisyphos describes his departure from the lower world. Haides, the \"hospitaler of the dead,\" is the husband of Persephone, and so the \"father\" of the chthonic Zagreus. His putative father however was Zeus.]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.222158432006836, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Melinoe was a chthonian goddess identified with Hekate. In Orphic myth she was born when Persephone was seduced by Zeus in the guise of her husband Haides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.320834159851074, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Near Pylos, towards the east, is a mountain named after Minthe, who, according to myth, became the concubine of Haides, was trampled under foot by Kore (Core) [Persephone], and was transformed into garden-mint, the plant which some call Hedyosmos. Furthermore, near the mountain is a precinct sacred to Haides.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173218727111816, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Persephone of old was given grace to change a woman's [Mintha's] form to fragrant mint.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32558822631836, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Mint (Mintha), men say, was once a maid beneath the earth, a Nymphe of Kokytos (Cocytus), and she lay in the bed of Aidoneus [Haides]; but when he raped the maid Persephone from the Aitnaian hill [Mount Etna in Sicily], then she complained loudly with overweening words and raved foolishly for jealousy, and Demeter in anger trampled upon her with her feet and destroyed her. For she had said that she was nobler of form and more excellent in beauty than dark-eyed Persephone and she boasted that Aidoneus would return to her and banish the other from his halls: such infatuation leapt upon her tongue. And from the earth spray the weak herb that bears her name.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780973434448242, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "When Orpheus came to the underworld seeking the return of his dead love Eurydike (Eurydice), Haides and Persephone were moved by his pleas and agreed to let her return.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.689773559570312, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"The new-wed bride [Eurydike (Eurydice), wife of Orpheus] . . . fell dying when a serpent struck her heel. And when at last the bard Rhodopeius [Orpheus] had mourned his fill in the wide world above, he dared descend through Taenaria's dark gate to Styx to make trial of the Umbrae (Shades); and through the thronging wraiths and grave-spent ghosts he came to pale Persephone and him, Dominus Umbrarum (Lord of the Shades) [Haides], who rules the unlovely realm, and as he struck his lyre's sad chords he said : ‘Ye deities who rule the world below, whither we mortal creatures all return, if simple truth, direct and genuine, may by your leave be told, I have come down not with intent to see the glooms of Tartara, nor to enchain the triple-snaked necks of Medusaeum [Kerberos (Cerberus)], but for my dear wife's sake, in whom a trodden viper poured his venom and stole her budding years. My heart has sought strength to endure; the attempt I'll not deny; but love has won, a god whose fame is fair in the world above; but here I doubt, though here too, I surmise; and if that ancient tale of ravishment is true, you too were joined in love. Now by these regions filled with fear, by this huge Chaos, these vast silent realms, reweave, I implore, the fate unwound too fast of my Eurydice. To you are owed ourselves and all creation; a brief while we linger; then we hasten, late or soon to one abode; here on road leads us all; here in the end is home; over humankind your kingdom keeps the longest sovereignty. She too, when ripening years reach their due term, shall own your rule. The favour that I ask is but to enjoy her love; and, if fate will not reprieve her, my resolve is clear not to return: may two deaths give you cheer.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.39577579498291, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "So to the music of his strings he [Orpheus] sang, and all the bloodless spirits wept to hear; and Tantalus forgot the fleeing water, Ixion's wheel was tranced; the Belides [Danaides] laid down their urns; the vultures left their feast, and Sisyphus sat rapt upon his stone. Then first by that sad ringing overwhelmed, the Eumenides' [Erinyes'] cheeks, it's said, were wet with tears; and the queen [Persephone] and he whose sceptre rules the underworld could not deny the prayer, and called Eurydice. She was among the recent ghosts and, limping from her wound, came slowly forth; and Rhodopeius [Orpheus] took his bride and with her this compact that, till he reach the world above and leave Valles Avernae [Valleys of Hell], he look not back or else the gift would fail. The track climbed upwards, steep and indistinct, through the hushed silence and the murky gloom; and now they neared the edge of the bright world, and, fearing lest she faint, longing to look, he turned his eyes--and straight she slipped away. He stretched his arms to hold her--to be held--and clasped, poor soul, naught but the yielding air. And she, dying again, made no complaint (for what complaint had she save she was loved?) and breathed a faint farewell, and turned again back to the land of spirits whence she came. The double death of his Eurydice stole Orpheus' wits away . . . He longed, he begged, in vain to be allowed to cross the stream of Styx a second time. The ferryman [Kharon (Charon)] repulsed him. Even so for seven days he sat upon the bank, unkempt and fasting, anguish, grief and tears his nourishment, and cursed Erebus' cruelty.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.416425704956055, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Orpheus had power to bend the ruthless lords of the shades [Haides and Persephone] by song and suppliant prayer, when he sought back his Eurydice. The art which had drawn the trees and birds and rocks, which had stayed the course of rivers, at whose sound the beasts had stopped to listen, soothes the underworld with unaccustomed strains, and rings out clearer in those unhearing realms. Eurydice the Thracian brides bewail; even the gods, whom no tears can move, bewail her; and they [the Erinyes] who with awful brows investigate men's crimes and sift out ancient wrongs, as they sit in judgment bewail Eurydice. At length death's lord [Haides] exclaims : ‘We own defeat; go forth to the upper world, yet by this appointed doom--fare thou as comrade behind thy husband, and thou, look not back upon thy wife until bright day shall have revealed the gods of heaven, and the opening of Spartan Taenarus shall be at hand.’ True love hates delay and brooks it not; while he hastes to look upon his prize, 'tis lost. The realm which could be overcome by song, that realm shall strength have power to overcome.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.207385063171387, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Herakles (Heracles) on his journey to the underworld] Desiring to supply the souls with blood, he slaughtered one of Haides' cattle. Their keeper Menoites (Menoetes), son of Keuthonymos (Ceuthonymus), challenged Herakles to a wrestling match. Herakles hugged his torso and broke his ribs, but set him down at the request of Persephone . . . Herakles asked Plouton (Pluton) [Haides] for Kerberos (Cerberus), and was told to take the hound if he could overpower it without using any of the weapons he had brought with him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.63219928741455, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Now tell my son's [Herakles] famous struggle. Is it [the hound Kerberos (Cerberus)] his willing uncle's [Haides'] gift, or his spoil, he brings? . . . here appears the palace of greedy Dis [Haides]. Here the savage Stygian dog frightens the shades . . . At last the dog, vanquished [by the club of Herakles] ceases his threatenings and, spent with struggle, lowers all his heads and yields all wardship of his cavern. Both rulers [Haides and Persephone] shiver on their throne, and bid lead the dog away. Me [Theseus] also they give as boon to Alcides' [Herakles'] prayer.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95670223236084, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"He [Herakles] has crossed the streams of Tartarus [i.e. Haides], subdued the gods of the underworld [Haides and Persephone], and has returned. And now no fear remains; naught lies beyond the underworld.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.339217185974121, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Apollon] obtained from the Moirai (Fates) a privilege for [King] Admetos , whereby, when it was time for him to die, he would be released from death if someone should volunteer to die in his place. When his day to die came . . . [his wife] Alkestis (Alcestis) died for him. Kore [Persephone], however sent her back, or, according to some, Herakles battled Haides and brought her back up to Admetos.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.702821731567383, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone, Sisyphus and Hades, Athenian black-figure neck amphora C6th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.993943214416504, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In another VERSION of this myth it is Persephone who releases Sisyphos from the underworld see Persephone Favour: Sisyphus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.935681343078613, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The hero Peirithoos (Pirithous) sought to abduct Persephone, the bride of Haides. As punishment the god trapped him on a stone chair and eternal torment. Theseus, who accompanied him on the expedition, was freed at the request of Herakles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.305099487304688, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Theseus and Peirithoos (Pirithous) agreed with each other to marry daughters of Zeus, so Theseus with the other's help kidnapped twelve-year-old Helene (Helen) from Sparta, and went down to Haides' realm to court Persephone for Peirithoos . . . Theseus, arriving in Haides' realm with Peirithoos, was thoroughly deceived, for Haides on the pretense of hospitality had them sit first upon the throne of Lethe (Forgetfulness). Their bodies grew onto it, and were held down by the serpent's coils. Now Peirithous remained fast there for all time, but Herakles led Theseus back up.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.790783882141113, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"As he [Herakles] approached the gates of Haides' realm [in his quest to fetch Kerberos (Cerberus)], he came across Theseus along with Peirithoos (Pirithous), who had courted Persephone with matrimonial intentions and for this reason was held fast as was Theseus. When they saw Herakles they stretched forth their hands as if to rise up with the help of his strength. He did in fact pull Theseus up by the hand, but when he wanted to raise Peirithoos, the earth shook and he let go.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.768878936767578, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Peirithoos (Pirithous) [after helping Theseus abduct Helene] now decided to seek the hand of Persephone in marriage, and when he asked Theseus to make the journey with him Theseus at first endeavoured to dissuade him and to turn him away from such a deed as being impious; but since Peirithoos firmly insisted upon it Theseus was bound by the oaths to join with him in the deed. And when they had at last made their way below to the regions of Haides, it came to pass that because of the impiety of their act they were both put in chains, and although Theseus was later let go by reason of the favour with which Herakles regarded him, Peirithoos because of the impiety remained in Haides, enduring everlasting punishment; but some writers of myths say that both of them never returned.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.749312400817871, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Herakles then, according to the myths which have come down to us, descended into the realm of Haides, and being welcomed like a brother by Persephone brought Theseus and Peirithoos (Pirithous) back to the upper world after freeing them from their bonds. This he accomplished by the favour of Persephone, and receiving the dog Kerberos (Cerberus) in chains he carried him away to the amazement of all and exhibited him to men.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.130494117736816, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Benefits were remembered, and thanks for them given, by Theseus to Herakles. Aïdoneus king of the Molossians put Theseus in chains when he came with Pirithous to kidnap the king's wife [i.e. Persephone]. Theseus did not want to marry the woman himself but did this as a favour to Pirithous. Herakles came to the country of the Molossians and rescued Theseus, in return for which the latter set up an altar to him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47773551940918, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"When Jove [Zeus] saw that they [Theseus and Peirithous] had such audacity [kidnapping Helene] as to expose themselves to danger, he bade them in a dream both go and ask Pluto on Pirithous' part for Proserpina [Persephone] in marriage. When they had descended to the Land of the Dead through the peninsula Taenarus, and had informed Pluto [Haides] why they had come, they were stretched out and tortured for a long time by the Furies. When Hercules came to lead out the three-headed dog, they begged his promise of protection. He obtained the favor from Pluto, and brought them out unharmed.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.054038047790527, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Through the deep shades of the pool which none recrosses is he [Theseus] faring, this brave recruit of a madcap suitor [Peirithoos (Pirithous)], that from the very throne of the infernal king [Haides] he may rob and bear away his wife [Persephone]. He hurries on, a partner in mad folly; him nor fear nor shame held back. And there in the depths of Acherontis [i.e. the underworld] he seeks adultery and an unlawful bed.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.508797645568848, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Must I [Haides] so oft endure the profanation of Chaos by living strangers? The rash ardour of Pirithous provoked me, and Theseus, sworn comrade of his daring friend [when the pair attempted to abduct Persephone].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037186622619629, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Having said this, the doctor did not even bother to come back again. After a while the patient recovered from his illness and was venturing out of doors, although he was not yet fully steady on his feet. When the doctor ran into the patient, he greeted him, and asked how all the people down in Haides were doing. The patient said, ‘They are taking it easy, drinking the water of Lethe. But Persephone and the mighty god Plouton (Pluton) [Haides] were just now threatening terrible things against all the doctors, since they keep the sick people from dying. Every single doctor was denounced, and they were ready to put you at the top of the list. This scared me, so I immediately stepped forward and grasped their royal sceptres as I solemnly swore that this was simply a ridiculous accusation, since you are not really a doctor at all.’ \"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334651947021484, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Haides and Persephone inflicted Thebes with a deadly plague, probably as punishment for King Kreon's (Creon's) refusal to allow the burial of the dead warriors of the army of the Seven Against Thebes. When the maiden Koronides (Coronides) sacrificed themselves to appease the gods, they were pitied and transformed into a pair of comets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018240928649902, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"When plague seized Aonia [Boeotia] and many died, there were sent officers to consult Apollon's oracle at Gortyne. The god replied that they should make an appeal to the two gods of the underworld [Haides and Persephone]. He said that they would cease from their anger if two willing maidens were sacrificed to the two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.657587051391602, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Of course not one of the maidens in the city complied with the oracle until a servant-woman reported the answer to the daughters of Orion [the two Koronides (Coronides)]. They were at work at their loom and, as soon as they heard about this, they willingly accepted death on behalf of their fellow citizens before the plague epidemic had smitten them too. They cried out three times to the gods of the underworld saying that they were willing sacrifices. They thrust their bodkins into themselves at their shoulders and gashed open their throats. And they both fell down into the earth. Persephone and Hades took pity on the maidens and made their bodies disappear, sending them instead up out of the earth as heavenly bodies. When they appeared, they were borne up into the sky. And men called them comets.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.480992794036865, "source": "search", "title": "HADES (Haides) - Greek God of the Dead, King of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Desperately looking for Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445993423461914, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The other girls had not seen anything because everything happened very quickly. They didn't have a clue for the sudden disappearance of Persephone. The whole incident, however, had been witnessed by Zeus, father of the maiden and brother of the abductor, as well as by Helios, god of the Sun. Zeus decided to keep silent about the whole thing to prevent a fight with his brother while Helios wisely thought it better not to get involved in anything that didn't concern him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.387215614318848, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "A great fight followed and Demeter threatened that she would never again make the earth fertile and everyone on Earth would die. To put an ed on this quarrel, Zeus decided that Persephone would spend half months with her husband in Hades and half months with her mother on Olympus. This alternative pleased none of the two opponents, nevertheless that had no other option but accept it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.294650077819824, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "According to the ancient Greeks, these were the months of Autumn and Winter, when the land is not fertile and does not give crops. Whenever Persephone went to Olympus to live with her mother, Demeter would shine from happiness and the land would become fertile again and fruitful. These were the months of Spring and Summer. Therefore, this myth was created to explain the change of the seasons, the eternal cycle of the Nature's death and rebirth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.562703132629395, "source": "search", "title": "Persephone, Queen of the Underworld - Greeka.com" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In another myth, a dead spirit boy (which Demeter had turned into a lizard, and was eaten by a hawk) came to Persephone and convinced her to eat six pomegranate seeds, and when Zeus found out he declared she had to go back to the Underworld for six months,one month for each seed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.745810031890869, "source": "search", "title": "Hades - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In some other myths, when Persephone was abducted, Demeter was so sad and enraged that she made nothing on Earth grow except for the village of Eluesis as the people there provided her with shelter and food while she was searching the whole world for her daughter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.356188774108887, "source": "search", "title": "Hades - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "According to Ovid, Hades pursued and would have won the nymph Minthe, associated with the river Cocytus, had not Persephone turned Minthe into the plant called mint by trampling her into the ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.222799777984619, "source": "search", "title": "Hades - Greek Mythology Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Spouse: Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.049552917480469, "source": "search", "title": "Greek Mythology: Hades - Ducksters" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307759284973145, "source": "search", "title": "Greek Mythology: Hades - Ducksters" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades fell in love with a nymph named Minthe, but Persephone found out and turned the nymph into the plant mint.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.935031414031982, "source": "search", "title": "Greek Mythology: Hades - Ducksters" }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307759284973145, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone (detail), Apulian red-figure krater C4th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.161014556884766, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone was titled Kore (Core) (the Maiden) as the goddess of spring's bounty. Once upon a time when she was playing in a flowery meadow with her Nymph companions, Kore was seized by Haides and carried off to the underworld as his bride. Her mother Demeter despaired at her dissappearance and searched for her the throughout the world accompanied by the goddess Hekate (Hecate) bearing torches. When she learned that Zeus had conspired in her daughter's abduction she was furious, and refused to let the earth fruit until Persephone was returned. Zeus consented, but because the girl had tasted of the food of Haides--a handful of pomegranate seeds--she was forced to forever spend a part of the year with her husband in the underworld. Her annual return to the earth in spring was marked by the flowering of the meadows and the sudden growth of the new grain. Her return to the underworld in winter, conversely, saw the dying down of plants and the halting of growth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.680049419403076, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone was usually depicted as a young goddess holding sheafs of grain and a flaming torch. Sometimes she was shown in the company of her mother Demeter, and the hero Triptolemos , the teacher of agriculture. At other times she appears enthroned beside Haides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.565001487731934, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE FAMILY", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336785316467285, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSE′PHONE (Persephonê), in Latin Proserpina, the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. (Hom. Il. xiv. 326, Od. xi. 216; Hes. Theog. 912, &c. ; Apollod. i. 5. § 1.) Her name is commonly derived from pherein phonon, \"to bring\" or \"cause death,\" and the form Persephone occurs first in Hesiod (Theog. 913; comp. Hom. Hymm. in Cer. 56), the Homeric form being Persephoneia. But besides these forms of the name, we also find Persephassa, Phersephassa, Persephatta, Phersephatta. Pherrephassa, Pherephatta, and Phersephoneia, for which various etymologies have been proposed. The Latin Proserpina, which is probably only a corruption of the Greek, was erroneously derived by the Romans from proserpere, \"to shoot forth.\" (Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 26.) Being the infernal goddess of death, she is also called a daughter of Zeus and Styx (Apollod. i. 3. § 1 ); in Arcadia she was worshipped under the name of Despoena, and was called a daughter of Poseidon Hippius and Demeter, and said to have been brought up by the Titan Anytus. (Paus. viii. 37. § 3, 6, 25. § 5.) Homer describes her as the wife of Hades, and the formidable, venerable, and majestic queen of the Shades, who exercises her power, and carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead, along with her husband. (Hom. Od. x. 494, xi. 226, 385, 634, Il. ix. 457, 569; comp. Apollod. i. 9. § 15.) Hence she is called by later writers Juno Inferna, Auerna, and Stygia (Virg. Aen. vi. 138; Ov. Met. xiv. 114), and the Erinnyes are said to have been daughters of her by Pluto. (Orph. Hymn. 29. 6, 6, 70. 3.) Groves sacred to her are said by Homer to be in the western extremity of the earth, on the frontiers of the lower world, which is itself called the house of Persephone. (Od. x. 491, 509.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.074587345123291, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The story according to which Persephone spent one part of the year in the lower world, and another with the gods above, made her, even with the ancients, the symbol of vegetation which shoots forth in spring, and the power of which withdraws into the earth at other seasons of the year. (Schol. ad Theocrit. iii. 48.) Hence Plutarch identifies her with spring, and Cicero De Nat. Deor. ii. 26) calls her the seed of the fruits of the field. (Comp. Lydus, De Mes. pp. 90, 284; Porphyr. De Ant. Nymph. p. 118. ed. Barnes.) In the mysteries of Eleusis, the return of Cora from the lower world was regarded as the symbol of immortality, and hence she was frequently represented on sarcophagi. In the mystical theories of the Orphics, and what are called the Platonists, Cora is described as the all-pervading goddess of nature, who both produces and destroys every thing (Orph. Hymn. 29. 16), and she is therefore mentioned along, or identified with, other mystic divinities, such as Isis, Rhea, Ge, Hestia, Pandora, Artemis, Hecate. (Tzetz. ad Lyc. 708, 1176; Schol. ad Apollon. Rlod. iii. 467; Schol. ad Theocrit. ii. 12 ; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 609.) This mystic Persephone is further said to have become by Zeus the mother of Dionysus, Iacchus, Zagreus or Sabazius. (Hesych. s. v. Zagreus; Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 952 ; Aristoph. Ran. 326; Diod. iv. 4; Arrian. Exped. Al. ii. 16; Lydus De Mens. p. 198; Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23.) The surnames which are given to her by the poets, refer to her character as queen of the lower world and of the dead, or to her symbolic meaning which we have pointed out above. She was commonly worshipped along with Demeter, and with the same mysteries, as for example, with Demeter Cabeiria in Boeotia. (Paus. ix. 25. § 5.) Her worship further is mentioned at Thebes, which Zeus is said to have given to her as an acknowledgment for a favour she had bestowed on him (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 687): in like manner Sicily was said to have been given to her at her wedding (Pind. Nem. i. 17; Diod. v.2; Schol. ad Theocrit. xv. 14), and two festivals were celebrated in her honour in the island, the one at the time of sowing, and the other at the time of harvest. (Diod. v. 4; Athen. iv. p. 647.) The Eleusinian mysteries belonged to Demeter and Cora in common, and to her alone were dedicated the mysteries celebrated at Athens in the month of Anthesterion. (Comp. Paus. i. 31. § 1, &c.) Temples of Persephone are mentioned at Corinth, Megara, Sparta, and at Locri in the south of Italy. (Paus. iii. 13. § 2; Liv. xxix. 8, 18; Appian, iii. 12.) In works of art Persephone is seen very frequently: she bears the grave and severe character of an infernal Juno, or she appears as a mystical divinity with a sceptre and a little box, but she was mostly represented in the act of being carried off by Pluto. (Paus. viii. 37. § 2.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.689186096191406, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"He [Zeus] came to the bed of all-nourishing Demeter, and she bare white-armed Persephone whom Aidoneus [Haides] carried off from her mother; but wise Zeus gave her to him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.124662399291992, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"King Zeus' own sister [Demeter] and his daughter [Persephone] are happy, both, and dear to the blessed gods.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.716490745544434, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "There are innumerable other sources which describe Persephone as the daughter of Zeus and Demeter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.930014610290527, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Apollodorus, in his list of Zeus' divine children, curiously calls Persephone a daughter of Zeus and Styx,. Elsewhere he gives the usual account where her mother is Demeter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7931742668151855, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Styx bore him [Zeus] Persephone\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.500151634216309, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE & THE CREATION OF MANKIND", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.995509147644043, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "In one obscure myth Persephone was accredited with creation of mankind from clay (in place of the usual Prometheus). A divine dispute ensued over which god should possess him, with the result that he was awarded to Zeus and Gaia in life, and to Persephone in death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.919703483581543, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"When Cura (Core) [Persephone] was crossing a certain river, she saw some clayey mud. She took it up thoughtfully and began to fashion a man. While she was pondering on what she had done, Jove [Zeus] came up; Cura asked him to give the image life, and Jove readily grant this. When Cura wanted to give it her name, Jove forbade, and said that his name should be given it. But while they were disputing about the name, Tellus [Gaia] (Earth) arose and said that it should have her name, since she had given her own body. They took Saturnus [Kronos (Cronus)] for judge; he seems to have decided for them : Jove, since you gave him life [text missing, presumably he was given control of the fate of men] let her [Persephone] receive his body [after death]; since Cura fashioned him; let her [Gaia] posses him as long as he lives, but since there is controversy about his name, let him be called homo, since he seems to be made from humus.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.226461410522461, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "OFFSPRING OF PERSEPHONE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262717247009277, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Thrice begotten (trigonon), Bakkheion (Bacchian) king [Dionysos] . . . Eubouleos [Dionysos-Zagreos], whom the leaves of vines adorn, of Zeus and Persephoneia occultly born in beds ineffable.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.377731323242188, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Dionysos-Zagreos] from Zeus' high counsels nursed by Persephoneia, and born the dread of all the powers divine.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.745863914489746, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "For the MYTH of the birth of Zagreus see Persephone seduced by Zeus (below)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.908510208129883, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Orphic Hymn 29 to Persephone :", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369645118713379, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Praxidike (Exacter of Justice) [Persephone], subterranean queen. The Eumenides' [Erinyes'] source [mother], fair-haired, whose frame proceeds from Zeus' [Zeus Khthonios or Haides] ineffable and secret seeds.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.894059658050537, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "SEDUCTION OF PERSEPHONE BY ZEUS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.000909805297852, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The Rape of Persephone, Greek fresco from Macedonia Tomb C4th B.C., Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.625112533569336, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Thrice begotten (trigonon), Bakkheion (Bacchian) king [Dionysos] . . . Eubouleos [Dionysos-Zagreos], whom the leaves of vines adorn, of Zeus and Persephoneia occultly born in beds ineffable.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.377731323242188, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Dionysos-Zagreus] from Zeus’ high counsels nursed by Persephoneia, and born the dread of all the powers divine.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.79548454284668, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Some writers of myth, however, relate that there was a second Dionysos [Zagreus] who was much earlier in time than the one we have just mentioned. For according to them there was born of Zeus and Persephone a Dionysos who is called by some Sabazios (Sabazius) and whose birth and sacrifices and honours are celebrated at night and in secret, because of the disgraceful conduct which is a consequence of the gatherings.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.05845832824707, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"This god [Dionysos-Zagreus] was born in Krete (Crete), men say, of Zeus and Persephone, and Orpheus has handed down the tradition in the initiatory rites that he was torn in pieces by the Titanes (Titans).\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.951343536376953, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Sons of Jove [Zeus]. Liber [Dionysos-Zagreus] by Proserpina [Persephone], whom the Titanes (Titans) dismembered.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.217094421386719, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Liber [Zagreus-Dionysos], son of Jove [Zeus] and Proserpina [Persephone], was dismembered by the Titanes (Titans), and Jove gave his heart, torn to bits, to Semele in a drink. When she was made pregnant by this [with the god Dionysos] . . . For this reason he is called Dionysus, and also ‘the one with two mothers.’\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.665609359741211, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"As a spotted serpent [Zeus seduced] Deois [Persephone].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611104011535645, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Semele was kept for a more brilliant union, for already Zeus ruling on high intended to make a new Dionysos grow up, a bullshaped copy of the older Dionysos [Zagreus]; since he thought with regret of the ill-fated Zagreus. This was a son born to Zeus in dragonbed by Persephoneia, the consort of the blackrobed king of the underworld [Haides]; when Zeus put on a deceiving shape of many coils, as a gentle drakon twining around her in lovely curves, and ravished the maidenhood of unwedded Persephoneia; though she was hidden when all that dwelt in Olympos were bewitched by this one girl, rivals in love for the marriageable maid, and offered their dowers for an unsmirched bridal. Hermes had not yet gone to the bed of Peitho, and he offered his rod as gift to adorn her chamber. Apollon produced his melodious harp as a marriage-gift. Ares brought spear and cuirass for the wedding, and shield as bride-gift. Lemnian Hephaistos (Hephaestus) held out a curious necklace of many colours, new made and breathing still of the furnace, poor hobbler! For he had already, though unwilling, rejected his former bride Aphrodite, when he spied her rioting with Ares . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.347806453704834, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "And father Zeus was much more bewitched by Persephoneia. When Zeus spied the virgin beauty of her shape, his eye ran ahead of him to guide all the Erotes (Loves), and could not have enough of Persephone; in his heart storms of unsleeping passion raged without ceasing, and gradually a greater furnace of the Paphian [Aphrodite] was kindled from a small spark; the gaze of lovemaddened Zeus was enslaved by the lovely breast of the goddess. Once she was amusing herself with a resplendent bronze plate, which reflected her face like a judge of beauty; and she confirmed the image of her shape by this free voiceless herald, testing the unreal form in the shadow of the mirror, and smiling at the mimic likeness. Thus Persephone gazed in the selfgraved portrait of her face, and beheld the self-impressed aspect of a false Persephoneia. Once in the scorching steam of thirsty heat, the girl would cease the loomtoilling labours of her shuttle at midday to shun the tread of the parching season, and wipe the running sweat from her face; she loosed the modest bodice which held her breast so tight, and moistened her skin with a refreshing bath, floating in the cool running stream, and left behind her threads fixt on the loom of Pallas [Athena]. But she could not escape the allseeing eye of Zeus. He gazed at the whole body of Persephoneia, uncovered in her bath . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.710129737854004, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "He--so mighty! The ruler of the universe, the charioteer of heaven, bowed his neck to desire--for all his greatness no thunderbolts, no lightnings helped him against Aphrodite in arms: he left the house of Hera, he refused the bed of Dione, he threw away the love of Deo, he fled from Themis, he deserted Leto - no charm was left for him but only union with Persephoneia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.630833625793457, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Not the Father alone felt desire; but all that dwelt in Olympos had the same, struck by one bolt, and wooed for a union with Deo's divine daughter. Then Deo lost the brightness of her rosy face, her swelling heart was lashed by sorrows. She untied the fruitful frontlet [a wreath of corn-ears] from her head, and shook loose the long locks of hair over her neck, trembling for her girl; the cheeks of the goddess were moistened with self-running tears, in her sorrow that so many wooers had been stung with one fiery shot for a struggle of rival wooing, by maddening Eros (Love), all contending together for their loves. From all the bounteous mother shrank, but specially she feared Hephaistos to be her daughter's lame bedfellow . . . All that dwelt in Olympos had the same, struck by one bolt [of desire], and wooed for a union with Deo's divine daughter [Persephone] . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.765445709228516, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "The goddess passed through the dark hall, and concealed her daughter well-secured in this hollow rock. Then she loosed the drakones (dragons) from the winged car; one she placed by the jutting rock on the right of the door, one on the left beside the stone-pointed barrier of the entry, to protect Persephoneia unseen. There also she left Kalligeneia, her own fond nurse, with her baskets, and all that cleverhand Pallas [Athena] gives to make womankind sweat over their wool-spinning. Then she left her rounded chariot for the Nymphai to watch, in their lonely home among the rocks, and cut the air with her feet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.431259155273438, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Ah, maiden Persephoneia! You could not find how to escape your mating! No, a drakon was your mate, when Zeus changed his face and came, rolling in many a loving coil through the dark to the corner of the maiden's chamber, and shaking his hairy chaps : he lulled to sleep as he crept the eyes of those creatures of his own shape who guarded the door. He licked the girl's form gently with wooing lips. By this marriage with the heavenly drakon, the womb of Persephone swelled with living fruit, and she bore Zagreus the horned baby, who by himself climbed upon the heavenly throne of Zeus and brandished lightning in his little hand, and newly born, lifted and carried thunderbolts in his tender fingers.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535726547241211, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Hera manipulates Persephone into sending an Erinys to plague Dionysos with madness :] ‘He [Zeus] rescued Semele's son [Dionysos] from the flaming fire, he saved Bakkhos (Bacchus) from the thunderbolt, while still a baby brat . . . But Zagreus the heavenly Dionysos [Persephone's son] he would not defend, when he was cut up with knives! What made me angrier still, was that Kronides (Cronides) gave the starry heaven to Semele for a bridegift,--and Tartaros (Tartarus) to Persephoneia! Heaven is reserved for Apollon, Hermes lives in heaven--and you have this abode full of gloom! What good was it that he put on the deceiving shape of a serpent, and ravished the girdle of your inviolate maidenhood, if after bed he was to destroy your babe?’\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.15359878540039, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Zagreus : Dionysos in poets. For Zeus, it seems, had intercourse with Persephone, and she gave birth to Dionysos Khthonios (Chthonius).\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.470794677734375, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "For a RELATED myth, see the story of the birth of Melinoe: Offspring of Persephone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12814712524414, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE LOVES : ADONIS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.880125045776367, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Hades and Persephone, Apulian red-figure vase C4th B.C.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.464693069458008, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Because of his [the infant Adonis] beauty, Aphrodite secreted him away in a chest, keeping it from the gods, and left him with Persephone. But when Persephone got a glimpse of Adonis, she refused to return him. When the matter was brought to Zeus for arbitration, he divided the year into three parts and decreed that Adonis would spend one third of the year by himself, one third with Persephone, and the rest with Aphrodite. But Adonis added his own portion to Aphrodite's.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.421711921691895, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Adonis] sweet plant of Aphrodite, Eros' (Love's) delightful flower : descended from the secret bed divine of fair-haired Persephone, 'tis thine to sink in Tartaros profound, and shine again through heavens illustrious round.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.572305679321289, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Some also have said that Venus [Aphrodite] and Proserpina [Persephone] came to Jove [Zeus] for his decision, asking him to which of them he would grant Adonis. Calliope, the judge appointed by Jove, decided that each should posses him half of the year.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.715327262878418, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE WRATH : MINTHE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267099380493164, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Minthe, who, according to myth, became the concubine of Haides, was trampled under foot by Kore (Core) [Persephone], and was transformed into garden-mint, the plant which some call Hedyosmos.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.089442253112793, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Persephone of old was given grace to change a woman's [Minthe's] form to fragrant mint.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321456909179688, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Mint, men say, was once a maid beneath the earth, a Nymphe of Kokytos (Cocytus), and she lay in the bed of Aidoneus [Haides]; but when he raped the maid Persephone from the Aitnaian hill [Mount Etna in Sicily], then she complained loudly with overweening words and raved foolishly for jealousy, and Demeter in anger trampled upon her with her feet and destroyed her. For she had said that she was nobler of form and more excellent in beauty than dark-eyed Persephone and she boasted that Aidoneus would return to her and banish the other from his halls : such infatuation leapt upon her tongue. And from the earth spray the weak herb that bears her name.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.722739219665527, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE FAVOUR : SISYPHUS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44802474975586, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Sisyphos (Sisyphus), son of Aiolos (Aeolus), who by his wits came up even from Aides [Haides], after persuading with wily words Persephone who impairs the mind of mortals and brings them forgetfulness. No one else has ever contrived this, once Thanatos' (Death's) dark cloud has enveloped him and he has come to the shadowy place of the dead and passed the black gates which hold back the souls of the dead, for all their protestations. But even from there the hero Sisyphos returned to the light of the sun by his cleverness.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.553065299987793, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE FAVOUR : ORPHEUS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384649276733398, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "When Orpheus came to the underworld seeking the return of his dead love Eurydike (Eurydice), Persephone was moved by his tears and agreed to let her return.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.935775756835938, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Because of the love he [Orpheus] held for his wife he dared the amazing deed of descending into Haides, where he entrances Persephone by his melodious song and persuaded her to assist him in his desires and to allow him to bring up his dead wife from Haides.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.326227188110352, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"The new-wed bride [Eurydike (Eurydice) wife of Orpheus] . . . fell dying when a serpent struck her heel. And when at last the bard Rhodopeius [Orpheus] had mourned his fill in the wide world above, he dared descend through Taenaria's dark gate to Styx to make trial of the Umbrae (Shades); and through the thronging wraiths and grave-spent ghosts he came to pale Persephone and him, Dominus Umbrarum (Lord of the Shades) [Haides], who rules the unlovely realm, and as he struck his lyre's sad chords he said : ‘Ye deities who rule the world below, whither we mortal creatures all return, if simple truth, direct and genuine, may by your leave be told . . . for my dear wife's sake, in whom a trodden viper poured his venom and stole her budding years. My heart has sought strength to endure; the attempt I'll not deny; but love has won, a god whose fame is fair in the world above; but here I doubt, though here too, I surmise; and if that ancient tale of ravishment is true, you too were joined in love. Now by these regions filled with fear, by this huge Chaos, these vast silent realms, reweave, I implore, the fate unwound too fast of my Eurydice. To you are owed ourselves and all creation; a brief while we linger; then we hasten, late or soon to one abode; here on road leads us all; here in the end is home; over humankind your kingdom keeps the longest sovereignty. She too, when ripening years reach their due term, shall own your rule. The favour that I ask is but to enjoy her love; and, if fate will not reprieve her, my resolve is clear not to return: may two deaths give you cheer.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.084086418151855, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "So to the music of his strings he [Orpheus] sang, and all the bloodless spirits wept to hear . . . by that sad ringing overwhelmed, the Eumenides' [Erinyes'] cheeks, it's said, were wet with tears; and the queen [Persephone] and he whose sceptre rules the underworld could not deny the prayer, and called Eurydice. She was among the recent ghosts and, limping from her wound, came slowly forth; and Rhodopeius [Orpheus] took his bride and with her this compact that, till he reach the world above and leave Valles Avernae [Valleys of Hell], he look not back or else the gift would fail. The track climbed upwards, steep and indistinct, through the hushed silence and the murky gloom; and now they neared the edge of the bright world, and, fearing lest she faint, longing to look, he turned his eyes--and straight she slipped away. He stretched his arms to hold her--to be held--and clasped, poor soul, naught but the yielding air. And she, dying again, made no complaint (for what complaint had she save she was loved?) and breathed a faint farewell, and turned again back to the land of spirits whence she came. The double death of his Eurydice stole Orpheus' wits away . . . He longed, he begged, in vain to be allowed to cross the stream of Styx a second time. The ferryman [Kharon (Charon)] repulsed him. Even so for seven days he sat upon the bank, unkempt and fasting, anguish, grief and tears his nourishment, and cursed Erebus' cruelty.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.351590633392334, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE FAVOUR : ALCESTIS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432673454284668, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Apollon] obtained from the Moirai (Fates) a privilege for [King] Admetos, whereby, when it was time for him to die, he would be released from death if someone should volunteer to die in his place. When his day to die came . . . [his wife] Alkestis (Alcestis) died for him. Kore (Core) [Persephone], however sent her back, or, according to some, Herakles battled Haides and brought her back up to Admetos.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.725849151611328, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE WRATH : PIRITHOUS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059185981750488, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone, Sisyphus and Hades, Athenian black-figure neck amphora C6th B.C., Staatliche Antikensammlungen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.993943214416504, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "King Peirithoos (Pirithous) of the Lapithai (Lapiths) sought to kidnap the goddess Persephone from the underworld for his bride. He was, however, captured by the infernal gods and subjected to eternal torment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.015126705169678, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[From Plato's critique of the portrayal of gods by the poets :] Neither, then, must we believe this or suffer it to be said, that Theseus, the son of Poseidon, and Peirithous (Pirithous), the son of Zeus, attempted such dreadful rapes [i.e. Helene and Persephone], nor that any other child of a god and hero would have brought himself to accomplish the terrible and impious deeds that they now falsely relate of him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.553681373596191, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Theseus and Peirithoos (Pirithous) agreed with each other to marry daughters of Zeus, so Theseus with the other's help kidnapped twelve-year-old Helene (Helen) from Sparta, and went down to Haides' realm to court Persephone for Peirithoos . . . Theseus, arriving in Haides' realm with Peirithoos, was thoroughly deceived, for Haides on the pretense of hospitality had them sit first upon the throne of Lethe (Forgetfulness). Their bodies grew onto it, and were held down by the serpent's coils. Now Peirithoos remained fast there for all time, but Herakles led Theseus back up.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.828310012817383, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"As he [Herakles] approached the gates of Haides' realm [in his quest to fetch Kerberos (Cerberus)], he came across Theseus along with Peirithoos (Pirithous), who had courted Persephone with matrimonial intentions and for this reason was held fast as was Theseus. When they saw Herakles they stretched forth their hands as if to rise up with the help of his strength. He did in fact pull Theseus up by the hand, but when he wanted to raise Peirithoos, the earth shook and he let go.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.768878936767578, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Peirithoos (Pirithous) [after helping Theseus abduct Helene] now decided to seek the hand of Persephone in marriage, and when he asked Theseus to make the journey with him Theseus at first endeavoured to dissuade him and to turn him away from such a deed as being impious; but since Peirithoos firmly insisted upon it Theseus was bound by the oaths to join with him in the deed. And when they had at last made their way below to the regions of Haides, it came to pass that because of the impiety of their act they were both put in chains, and although Theseus was later let go by reason of the favour with which Herakles regarded him, Peirithoos because of the impiety remained in Haides, enduring everlasting punishment; but some writers of myths say that both of them never returned.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.749312400817871, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Herakles then, according to the myths which have come down to us, descended into the realm of Haides, and being welcomed like a brother by Persephone brought Theseus and Peirithous (Pirithous) back to the upper world after freeing them from their bonds. This he accomplished by the favour of Persephone.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.207171440124512, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Benefits were remembered, and thanks for them given, by Theseus to Herakles. Aïdoneus king of the Molossians put Theseus in chains when he came with Pirithous to kidnap the king's wife [i.e. Persephone]. Theseus did not want to marry the woman himself but did this as a favour to Pirithous. Herakles came to the country of the Molossians and rescued Theseus, in return for which the latter set up an altar to him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47773551940918, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"When Jove [Zeus] saw that they [Theseus and Peirithoos (Pirithous)] had such audacity [kidnapping Helene] as to expose themselves to danger, he bade them in a dream both go and ask Pluto [Haides] on Pirithous' part for Proserpina [Persephone] in marriage. When they had descended to the Land of the Dead through the peninsula Taenarus, and had informed Pluto why they had come, they were stretched out and tortured for a long time by the Furiae [Erinyes]. When Hercules came to lead out the three-headed dog, they begged his promise of protection. He obtained the favor from Pluto, and brought them out unharmed.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.599995613098145, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Through the deep shades of the pool which none recrosses is he [Theseus] faring, this brave recruit of a madcap suitor [Peirithoos], that from the very throne of the infernal king [Haides] he may rob and bear away his wife [Persephone]. He hurries on, a partner in mad folly; him nor fear nor shame held back. And there in the depths of Acherontis [i.e. the underworld] he seeks adultery and an unlawful bed.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.777580261230469, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"The rash ardour of Pirithous provoked me [Haides], and Theseus, sworn comrade of his daring friend [the pair attempted to abduct Persephone].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224774360656738, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"When Theseus went down to the House of Haides to look for Pirithous and was placed by Persephone to sit on a rock with Pirithous, the part of his buttocks attached to it was left on it when Herakles came down for Kerberos (Cerberus) and, after asking the goddess for him, snatched him off the rock.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.999271392822266, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE FAVOUR : HERACLES", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164704322814941, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Persephone, Triptolemus and Demeter, Athenian red-figure skyphos C5th B.C., British Museum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811552047729492, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "When Herakles came to the underworld on his quest to fetch Kerberos (Cerberus), the Hound of Haides, Persephone received him like a brother, and allowed him to carry off the dog, as well as free Theseus from his bonds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.172258377075195, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Herakles went] down to the house of slender-ankled Persephone to fetch up to the light from Haides the jagged-toothed dog [Kerberos (Cerberus)].\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.246983528137207, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Then, desiring to supply the souls with blood, he slaughtered one of Haides' cattle. Their keeper Menoites (Menoetes), son of Keuthonymos (Ceuthonymos), challenged Herakles to a wrestling match. Herakles hugged his torso and broke his ribs, but set him down at the request of Persephone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.019365310668945, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Herakles then, according to the myths which have come down to us, descended into the realm of Haides, and being welcomed like a brother by Persephone brought Theseus and Peirithous (Pirithous) back to the upper world after freeing them from their bonds. This he accomplished by the favour of Persephone, and receiving the dog Kerberos (Cerberus) in chains he carried him away to the amazement of all and exhibited him to men.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.059359550476074, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"Now tell my son's [Herakles] famous struggle. Is it [the hound Kerberos] his willing uncle's [Haides'] gift, or his spoil, he brings? . . . There appears the palace of greedy Dis [Haides]. Here the savage Stygian dog frightens the shades . . . At last the dog, vanquished [by the club of Herakles] ceases his threatenings and, spent with struggle, lowers all his heads and yields all wardship of his cavern. Both rulers [Haides and Persephone] shiver on their throne, and bid lead the dog away. Me [Theseus] also they give as boon to Alcides' [Herakles'] prayer.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.946067810058594, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE WRATH : THEBANS, & FAVOUR : CORONIDES", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14394760131836, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Haides and Persephone inflicted Thebes with a deadly plague, probably as punishment for King Kreon's (Creon's) refusal to allow the burial of the dead warriors of the army of the Seven Against Thebes. When the maiden Koronides (Coronides) sacrificed themselves to appease the gods, they were pitied and transformed into a pair of comets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018241882324219, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"When plague seized Aonia [the land of Thebes in Boiotia] and many died, there were sent officers to consult Apollon's oracle at Gortyne. The god replied that they should make an appeal to the two gods of the underworld [Haides and Persephone]. He said that they would cease from their anger if two willing maidens were sacrificed to the two. Of course not one of the maidens in the city complied with the oracle until a servant-woman reported the answer to the daughters of Orion [the two Koronides]. They were at work at their loom and, as soon as they heard about this, they willingly accepted death on behalf of their fellow citizens before the plague epidemic had smitten them too. They cries out three times to the gods of the underworld saying that they were willing sacrifices. They thrust their bodkins into themselves at their shoulders and gashed open their throats. And they both fell down into the earth. Persephone and Hades took pity on the maidens and made their bodies disappear, sending them instead up out of the earth as heavenly bodies. When they appeared, they were borne up into the sky. And men called them comets.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.162938594818115, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE WRATH : EUPHEMEA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207218170166016, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Meropes of Cos] had a wife, Ethemea, of the race of Nymphae, who was stuck with the arrows of Diana [Artemis] when she ceased worshipping her. At last she was snatched away alive by Proserpina [Persephone] to the Land of the Dead.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.711308479309082, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "PERSEPHONE FAVOUR : PSYCHE", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35641098022461, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "Aphrodite sent Psykhe (Psyche) on a quest to the underworld to fetch the beauty-cream of Persephone, as one of her many harsh trials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.235315322875977, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "\"[Aphrodite commands Psykhe (Psyche) to perform a labour :] ‘You will have to undertake one further task for me, my girl. Take this box’ (she handled it over) ‘and make straight for Hades, for the funereal dwelling of Orcus [Haides] himself. Give the box to Proserpina [Persephone], and say : \"Venus [Aphrodite] asks you to send her a small supply of your beauty-preparation, enough for just one day, because she has been tending her sick son, and has used hers all up by rubbing it on him.\" Make your way back with it as early as you can, because I need it to doll myself up so as to attend the Deities' Theatre.’ . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.842766284942627, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "[A talking tower advises Psykhe on how to reach Persephone in the Underworld :] ‘He [Kerberos (Cerberus)] keeps constant guard before the very threshold and the dark hall of Proserpina [Persephone], protecting that deserted abode of Dis [Haides]. You must disarm him by offering him a cake as his spoils. Then you can easily pass him, and gain immediate access to Proserpina herself. She will welcome you in genial and kindly fashion, and she will try to induce you to sit on a cushioned seat beside her and enjoy a rich repast. But you must settle on the ground, ask for course bread, and eat it. Then you must tell her why you have come. When you have obtained what she gives you, you must make your way back, using the remaining cake to neutralize the dog's savagery. Then you must give the greedy mariner the one coin which you have held back, and once again across the river you must retrace your earlier steps and return to the harmony of heaven's stars. Of all these injunctions I urge you particularly to observe this: do not seek to open or to pry into the box that you will carry, nor be in any way inquisitive about the treasure of divine beauty hidden within it.’ . . .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.518152236938477, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." }, { "answer": "Persephone", "passage": "[She followed the tower's instructions and] fed the cake to the dog to quell his fearsome rage, and gained access to the house of Proserpina [Persephone]. Psyche declined the soft cushion and the rich food offered by her hostess; she perched on the ground at her feet, and was content with plain bread. She then reported her mission from Venus [Aphrodite]. The box was at once filled and closed out of her sight, and Psyche took it. She quietened the dog's barking by disarming it with the second cake, offered her remaining coin to the ferryman, and quite animatedly hastened out of Hades. But once she was back in the light of this world and had reverently hailed it, her mind was dominated by rash curiosity, in spite of her eagerness to see the end of her service. She said : ‘How stupid I am to be carrying this beauty-lotion fit for deities, and not take a single drop of it for myself, for with this at any rate I can be pleasing to my beautiful lover.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.325870513916016, "source": "search", "title": "PERSEPHONE - Greek Goddess of Spring, Queen of the ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "The Irish Ballad (Song)", "Thomas Andrew Lehrer", "Tom Lehr", "National Brotherhood Week (song)", "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "Lehrer, Thomas Andrew", "Tom Lehrer", "Hen3ry", "The Vatican Rag", "Vatican rag", "The Irish Ballad (song)", "The Irish Ballad", "The Physical Revue", "Proud to be a Soilder" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "national brotherhood week song", "vatican rag", "irish ballad", "thomas andrew lehrer", "we will all go together when we go", "tom lehr", "hen3ry", "lehrer thomas andrew", "irish ballad song", "tom lehrer", "physical revue", "proud to be soilder" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "tom lehrer", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Tom Lehrer" }

[ { "answer": "Thomas Andrew Lehrer", "passage": "Thomas Andrew Lehrer (born April 9, 1928) is an American satirist who managed to achieve remarkable popularity and impact on popular culture, despite having produced only three albums' worth of material in the 1950s and '60s before retiring to a life in academia as a mathematician. Lehrer's pieces often take the form of witty parodies of various popular song forms. Other common themes in his work are disapproval of nuclear war, Cold War politics, and folk singing . Of course, he undercuts that last by putting forth as perfect a rendition of such songs as can be done with only a piano (\"imagine that I am playing an 88-string guitar\", as he said in his intro to \"The Folk Song Army,\" on his 1965 album That Was the Year That Was) as accompaniment.", "precise_score": -8.801189422607422, "rough_score": -9.438653945922852, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "\"Weird Al\" Yankovic cites Tom Lehrer as one of his inspirations, while Dr Demento has described him as \"the greatest musical satirist of the 20th Century.\" Lehrer's own inspirations notably include Gilbert and Sullivan , Danny Kaye and Cole Porter . He also claimed to have invented the Jell-O shot", "precise_score": -8.653579711914062, "rough_score": -8.582647323608398, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Cheap Heat : Since That Was the Year That Was was recorded in San Francisco, he sings \"the breakfast garbage that you throw into the bay, they drink at lunch in San Jose\" in \"Pollution\" and gets an enthusiastic reaction from the crowd. The songbook Too Many Songs by Tom Lehrer suggests that anyone singing the song should similarly localize that line.", "precise_score": -8.696623802185059, "rough_score": -9.826715469360352, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "I suppose I should stop right here and explain that I am not an \"animal lover\" in the sense people usually intend when they use that term. Nor am I at all like the guy whom Tom Lehrer once described as having \"majored in animal husbandry—until they caught him at it\". I freely confess that when Klondike and Snow were constantly in the news, I got thoroughly sick of seeing and hearing about them day after day.", "precise_score": 4.973670959472656, "rough_score": 3.4236254692077637, "source": "search", "title": "Eat More Polar Bear, by L. Neil Smith" }, { "answer": "Hen3ry", "passage": "I am reminded at this point of a fellow I used to know who's name was Henry, only to give you an idea of what an individualist he was he spelt it HEN3RY. The 3 was silent, you see. Henry was financially independent having inherited his father's tar-and-feather business and was therefore able to devote his full time to such intellectual pursuits as writing. I particularly remember a heart-warming novel of his about a young necropheliac who finally achieved his boy-hood ambition by becoming coroner.", "precise_score": -9.241363525390625, "rough_score": -9.99992847442627, "source": "search", "title": "An Evening Wasted With Tom Lehrer @ Bright Tom Lehrer Days" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382528305053711, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Tom Lehrer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.439454078674316, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "—Tom Lehrer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409040451049805, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "More of Tom Lehrer (1959)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348772048950195, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer (1959)note A live album with the material from More of...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.046404838562012, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Acting Unnatural : In one of Tom Lehrer's compositions for The Electric Company (1971) , \"L-Y\", this trope comes into play in the second verse. Enhanced by the animation for the song, in which the \"secret agent man\" leans against the safe he is trying to open while playing with a yo-yo and smiling ear to ear.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.201885223388672, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "\"Fight Fiercely, Harvard\". It is actually a parody of a Football Fight Song , but Harvard is Tom Lehrer's alma mater.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.589563369750977, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "The Irish Ballad", "passage": "Arson, Murder, and Jaywalking : The final verse of \"The Irish Ballad\":", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.125604629516602, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Most of Tom Lehrer's songs, and their humor, stem from this trope.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239219665527344, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Filk Song : Virtually everything he wrote has been adopted as \"Found Filk,\" notwithstanding—or perhaps in spite of—Lehrer's feelings about folk music. There have even been full Tom Lehrer Sing-Alongs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.369702339172363, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "Sadly, Lehrer did not originally get this past the radar, as his recording of it was not released until 1997 as a bonus track on Songs & More Songs by Tom Lehrer, a compilation rerelease of two albums from the 1950s. The first released recording of it was from the Tom Foolery soundtrack in 1980. However, Lehrer himself was responsible for the song's being unreleased at the time because he felt it was too racy, although he would perform it in nightclubs going back to the 1950s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.767424583435059, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "passage": "Special mention has to go to \"We Will All Go Together When We Go,\" a cheery, toe-tapping number about the complete extinction of the human race. And how that's a good thing because it means there'll be nobody left alive to feel sad about it afterward.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.672491073608398, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "passage": "Painful Rhyme : Sometimes spectacularly so, and entirely deliberate . For instance, these lines from \"We Will All Go Together When We Go\":", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.858041763305664, "source": "search", "title": "Tom Lehrer (Music) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Tom Lehrer", "passage": "An Evening Wasted With Tom Lehrer @ Bright Tom Lehrer Days", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379704475402832, "source": "search", "title": "An Evening Wasted With Tom Lehrer @ Bright Tom Lehrer Days" }, { "answer": "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "passage": "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42223072052002, "source": "search", "title": "An Evening Wasted With Tom Lehrer @ Bright Tom Lehrer Days" }, { "answer": "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "passage": "And we will all go together when we go.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356345176696777, "source": "search", "title": "An Evening Wasted With Tom Lehrer @ Bright Tom Lehrer Days" }, { "answer": "We Will All Go Together When We Go", "passage": "We will all go together when we go.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356151580810547, "source": "search", "title": "An Evening Wasted With Tom Lehrer @ Bright Tom Lehrer Days" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Turn on, tune in" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "turn on tune in" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "turn on tune in", "type": "FreeForm", "value": "Turn on, tune in" }

[ { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "A new biography of Timothy Leary reveals the mixed-up sociopath behind the \"turn on, tune in, drop out\" mantra.", "precise_score": 2.4235024452209473, "rough_score": 4.935683727264404, "source": "search", "title": "A Burnt-Out Case | The Nation" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "References to Leary appear in the iconic counter-culture piece \"Hair\" in the lyrics to \"Let the sunshine in\" (\"Singing our space songs on a spider web sitar / Life is around you and in you / Answer for Timothy Leary, dearie\"), and in the song \"Manchester England, England\" [Now that I've dropped out/Why is life dreary, dreary?/Answer my weary query/Timothy Leary, dearie]. Also the song \"Hare Krishna\" has a small reference to Leary's catch phrase \"Turn on, tune in, drop out\": (\"...Love / Love / Love / Love / Drop out / Drop out / Drop out / Drop out / Be in/ Be in/ Be in/ Be in\").", "precise_score": 2.7895145416259766, "rough_score": 5.416234493255615, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "LSD users said that the drug \"blew their mind,\" and many wanted to constantly return to the altered state that it offered. In Leary's memorable phrase for his Playboy interview, they wanted to \"turn on, tune in, drop out.\" Leary and others promoted this \"dropping out,\" or leaving one's job, school, or family, as a positive thing, pointing to the great creativity and happiness of those who took hallucinogenic drugs regularly. LSD use, said Leary, \"produced not only a new rhythm in modern music but a new décor for our discotheques, a new form of film making, a new kinetic visual art, a new literature, and has begun to revise our philosophic and psychological thinking.\" When Leary was forced to leave his academic position (as other academics grew increasingly wary of LSD use), he moved to California, where he became a kind of guru or leader to those wanting to use LSD to form a new society.", "precise_score": 3.954132080078125, "rough_score": 2.927426815032959, "source": "search", "title": "Sixties Counterculture: The Hippies and Beyond ..." }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "Timothy Leary was an American psychologist and writer, known for his advocacy of psychedelic drugs. On September 19, 1966, Leary founded the League for Spiritual Discovery, a religion declaring LSD as its holy sacrament, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for the religion's adherents based on a \"freedom of religion\" argument. The Psychedelic Experience was the inspiration for John Lennon's song \"Tomorrow Never Knows\" in The Beatles' album Revolver. He published a pamphlet in 1967 called Start Your Own Religion to encourage just that and was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In a gathering of 30,000 hippies in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park In speaking to the group, he coined the famous phrase \"Turn on, tune in, drop out\". The English magician Aleister Crowley became an influential icon to the new alternative spiritual movements of the decade as well as for rock musicians. The Beatles included him as one of the many figures on the cover sleeve of their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band while Jimmy Page, the guitarist of The Yardbirds and co-founder of 1970s rock band Led Zeppelin was fascinated by Crowley, and owned some of his clothing, manuscripts and ritual objects, and during the 1970s bought Boleskine House, which also appears in the band's movie The Song Remains the Same. On the back cover of the Doors 13 album, Jim Morrison and the other members of the Doors are shown posing with a bust of Aleister Crowley. Timothy Leary also openly acknowledged Crowley's inspiration. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.24710750579834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hippie" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry. He used LSD himself and developed a philosophy of mind expansion and personal truth through LSD. He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as \"turn on, tune in, drop out\", \"set and setting\", and \"think for yourself and question authority\". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist concepts involving space migration, intelligence increase, and life extension (SMI²LE), and developed the eight-circuit model of consciousness in his book Exo-Psychology (1977). He gave lectures, occasionally billing himself as a \"performing philosopher\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4438936710357666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy Leary" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "Leary was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In by Michael Bowen, the primary organizer of the event, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. In speaking to the group, Leary coined the famous phrase \"Turn on, tune in, drop out\". In a 1988 interview with Neil Strauss, he said that this slogan was \"given to him\" by Marshall McLuhan when the two had lunch in New York City, adding, \"Marshall was very much interested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, 'Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundred micrograms, that's a lot,' to the tune of [the well-known Pepsi 1950s singing commercial]. Then he started going, 'Tune in, turn on, and drop out.'\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6221359968185425, "source": "wiki", "title": "Timothy Leary" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "In these wretched drug days of widespread crystal-meth addiction, transcontinental Xanax-popping and speed-laced Mexican ditch weed posing as The Chron, it’s harder than ever to swallow the idea that mind-altering drug use could transform our staggering society. That prospect becomes even harder to entertain when you consider the most famous proponent of narcotics-fueled social change. Robert Greenfield’s comprehensive biography of Leary is an epically thrilling, wicked epitaph for the vain, bizarre, self-promoting guru who, depending on your perspective, either poisoned or blessed our culture with his ridiculous “turn on, tune in and drop out” mantra. As Greenfield boldly and correctly asserts, Leary was the “wrong man” to inherit the future of psychedelic research. Psychiatrist Humphry Osmond, who coined the term “psychedelic,” even compared Leary to Hitler–not for the magnitude of his crimes (which were absurd and, other than escaping from prison, arguably not even criminal) but for the transcendent quality of his sociopathic megalomania, which he parlayed into drug guru status.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.329947471618652, "source": "search", "title": "A Burnt-Out Case | The Nation" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "Dr. Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American writer, psychologist , futurist , and advocate of psychedelic drug research. An icon of 1960s counterculture , Leary is most famous as a proponent of the therapeutic, spiritual and emotional benefits of LSD . He coined and popularized the catch phrase \" Turn on, tune in, drop out .\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5594070553779602, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "Leary was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In by Michael Bowen the primary organizer of the event. [24] Leary spoke at the Human Be-In, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco and uttered his famous phrase, \" Turn on, tune in, drop out \". The phrase came to him in the shower one day after Marshall McLuhan suggested to Leary that he should come up with \"something snappy\" to promote the benefits of LSD. [1]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4120368957519531, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "His popular slogan, \"Turn on, tune in, drop out\", signified a conceptual way of thinking wherein a person would turn on to their own way of thinking, tune in to themselves, and drop out of society. This constituted a concept of inward self reliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.236682891845703, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "The song \"Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out With Me,\" by the alternative rock band Cracker , paraphrases one of Leary's catchphrases in a song about physically escaping mainstream culture (from the album \"Sunrise in the Land of Milk and Honey\" (2009).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4962792992591858, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "The Psychedelic Trance band Infected Mushroom uses a sound clip of Leary saying \"Turn on, tune in, and drop out\" in the song \"Drop Out\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1584773063659668, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "Later re-published in The Politics of Ecstasy (1968) and Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (1999)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.19597339630127, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "This was republished as two volumes: Ch. 1 -11 as Politics of Ecstasy (1999) and Ch. 12 - 22 as Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (1999)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.939663887023926, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Turn on, tune in", "passage": "My advice to myself and to everyone else, particularly young people, is to turn on, tune in and drop out. By drop out, I mean to detach yourself from involvement in secular, external social games. But the dropping out has to occur internally before it can occur externally. I'm not telling kids just to quit school; I'm not telling people to quit their jobs. That is an inevitable development of the process of turning on and tuning in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.582286834716797, "source": "search", "title": "Timothy Leary - The Full Wiki" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Nelson Mendella", "Nelson mandela", "Mr Mandela", "Mandella", "4664", "Tata Mandela", "Tata Madiba", "Nelson Mandella", "Nelson Madela", "Madiba", "Rolihlahla Mandela", "Rolihlahla", "Black Pimpernel", "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela", "Nelson mendela", "Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa", "Nelson Mendela", "Nelson mandeal", "Zindzi Mandela", "Nelson Mandela", "Mandela" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "nelson mandela", "tata madiba", "nelson rolihlahla mandela", "4664", "mandella", "nelson mendela", "zindzi mandela", "nelson mandella", "rolihlahla mandela", "madiba", "nelson mendella", "mr mandela", "gadla henry mphakanyiswa", "rolihlahla", "black pimpernel", "mandela", "nelson madela", "nelson mandeal", "tata mandela" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "rolihlahla", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Rolihlahla" }

[ { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.", "precise_score": 3.5566956996917725, "rough_score": 0.9921043515205383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist, while those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters. Conversely, he gained international acclaim for his activism, having received more than 250 honours, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Soviet Lenin Peace Prize. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, or as Tata (\"Father\"), and described as the \"Father of the Nation\".", "precise_score": 1.7757009267807007, "rough_score": -3.479660987854004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the village of Mvezo in Umtata, then a part of South Africa's Cape Province. Given the forename Rolihlahla, a Xhosa term colloquially meaning \"troublemaker\", in later years he became known by his clan name, Madiba. His patrilineal great-grandfather, Ngubengcuka, was king of the Thembu people in the Transkeian Territories of South Africa's modern Eastern Cape province. One of Ngubengcuka's sons, named Mandela, became Nelson's grandfather and the source of his surname. Because Mandela was only the king's child by a wife of the Ixhiba clan, a so-called \"Left-Hand House\", the descendants of his cadet branch of the royal family were morganatic, ineligible to inherit the throne but recognised as hereditary royal councillors. His father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was a local chief and councillor to the monarch; he was appointed to the position in 1915, after his predecessor was accused of corruption by a governing white magistrate. In 1926, Gadla was also sacked for corruption, but Nelson was told that his father had lost his job for standing up to the magistrate's unreasonable demands. A devotee of the god Qamata, Gadla was a polygamist, having four wives, four sons and nine daughters, who lived in different villages. Nelson's mother was Gadla's third wife, Nosekeni Fanny, who was daughter of Nkedama of the Right Hand House and a member of the amaMpemvu clan of Xhosa.", "precise_score": 4.776705741882324, "rough_score": 0.9300711154937744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Mandela proceeded on an African tour, meeting supporters and politicians in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Libya and Algeria, continuing to Sweden, where he was reunited with Tambo, and then London, where he appeared at the Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa concert at Wembley Stadium. Encouraging foreign countries to support sanctions against the apartheid government, in France he was welcomed by President François Mitterrand, in Vatican City by Pope John Paul II, and in the United Kingdom by Thatcher. In the United States, he met President George H.W. Bush, addressed both Houses of Congress and visited eight cities, being particularly popular among the African-American community. In Cuba, he met President Castro, whom he had long admired, with the two becoming friends. He met President R. Venkataraman in India, President Suharto in Indonesia, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in Malaysia, Prime Minister Bob Hawke in Australia, and visited Japan; he did not visit the Soviet Union, a longtime ANC supporter.", "precise_score": -2.094374179840088, "rough_score": -3.845614194869995, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Aged 76, he faced various ailments, and although exhibiting continued energy, he felt isolated and lonely. He often entertained celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Whoopi Goldberg, and the Spice Girls, and befriended ultra-rich businessmen, like Harry Oppenheimer of Anglo-American as well as Queen Elizabeth II on her March 1995 state visit to South Africa, resulting in strong criticism from ANC anti-capitalists. Despite his opulent surroundings, Mandela lived simply, donating a third of his R 552,000 annual income to the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, which he had founded in 1995. Although dismantling press censorship, speaking out in favour of freedom of the press, and befriending many journalists, Mandela was critical of much of the country's media, noting that it was overwhelmingly owned and run by middle-class whites and believing that it focused too much on scaremongering around crime. Mandela was known to change his clothes several times a day and after assuming the presidency he became so associated with Batik shirts that they came to be known as \"Madiba shirts\". ", "precise_score": -1.5612361431121826, "rough_score": -3.063215494155884, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In December 1994, Mandela published Long Walk to Freedom, an autobiography based around a manuscript he had written in prison, augmented by interviews conducted with American journalist Richard Stengel. In late 1994, he attended the 49th conference of the ANC in Bloemfontein, at which a more militant national executive was elected, among them Winnie Mandela; although she expressed an interest in reconciling, Nelson initiated divorce proceedings in August 1995. By 1995, he had entered into a relationship with Graça Machel, a Mozambican political activist 27 years his junior who was the widow of former president Samora Machel. They had first met in July 1990 when she was still in mourning, but their friendship grew into a partnership, with Machel accompanying him on many of his foreign visits. She turned down Mandela's first marriage proposal, wanting to retain some independence and dividing her time between Mozambique and Johannesburg.", "precise_score": -1.3486552238464355, "rough_score": -3.5939345359802246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "He retained some involvement in international affairs. In 2005, he founded the Nelson Mandela Legacy Trust, travelling to the U.S. to speak before the Brookings Institution and the NAACP on the need for economic assistance to Africa. He spoke with U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton and President George W. Bush and first met then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama. Mandela also encouraged Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe to resign over growing human rights abuses in the country. When this proved ineffective, he spoke out publicly against Mugabe in 2007, asking him to step down \"with residual respect and a modicum of dignity.\" That year, Mandela, Machel, and Desmond Tutu convened a group of world leaders in Johannesburg to contribute their wisdom and independent leadership to some of the world's toughest problems. Mandela announced the formation of this new group, The Elders, in a speech delivered on his 89th birthday. ", "precise_score": -2.0968711376190186, "rough_score": -4.165152549743652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Mandela's 90th birthday was marked across the country on 18 July 2008, with the main celebrations held at Qunu, and a concert in his honour in Hyde Park, London. In a speech marking the event, Mandela called for the rich to help the poor across the world. Throughout Mbeki's presidency, Mandela continued to support the ANC, usually overshadowing Mbeki at any public events that the two attended. Mandela was more at ease with Mbeki's successor Jacob Zuma, although the Nelson Mandela Foundation were upset when his grandson, Mandla Mandela, flew him out to the Eastern Cape to attend a pro-Zuma rally in the midst of a storm in 2009.", "precise_score": -1.7019221782684326, "rough_score": -2.5308380126953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "On 16 December 2013, the Day of Reconciliation, a nine-metre-high, bronze statue of Mandela was unveiled at the Union Buildings by President Jacob Zuma. In 2004, Johannesburg granted Mandela the Freedom of the City, and the Sandton Square shopping centre was renamed Nelson Mandela Square, after a Mandela statue was installed there. In 2008, another Mandela statue was unveiled at Drakenstein Correctional Centre, formerly Victor Verster Prison, near Cape Town, standing on the spot where Mandela was released from the prison. ", "precise_score": -2.7690937519073486, "rough_score": -2.735419988632202, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation", "precise_score": 0.1811755895614624, "rough_score": 5.676680088043213, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "The late Mr Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is sometimes referred to by other names.", "precise_score": 3.585266590118408, "rough_score": 5.375880718231201, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "This was Mr Mandela’s birth name: it is an isiXhosa name that means “pulling the branch of a tree”, but colloquially it means “troublemaker”. His father gave him this name.", "precise_score": 5.037428379058838, "rough_score": -3.115579605102539, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "This name was given to him on his first day at school by his teacher, Miss Mdingane. Giving African children English names was a custom among Africans in those days and was influenced by British colonials who could not easily, and often would not, pronounce African names. It is unclear why Miss Mdingane chose the name “Nelson” for Mr Mandela.", "precise_score": 4.134555339813232, "rough_score": -0.9891559481620789, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "This is the name of the clan of which Mr Mandela was a member. A clan name is much more important than a surname as it refers to the ancestor from which a person is descended. Madiba was the name of a Thembu chief who ruled in the Transkei in the 18th century. It is considered very polite to use someone’s clan name.", "precise_score": 1.1621206998825073, "rough_score": -2.2766199111938477, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "This is the name Mr Mandela was given at the age of 16 once he had undergone initiation, the traditional Xhosa rite of passage into manhood. It means “creator or founder of the council” or “convenor of the dialogue”. ", "precise_score": 3.0947554111480713, "rough_score": -3.8293426036834717, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph", "precise_score": 2.7659339904785156, "rough_score": 2.9215774536132812, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name?", "precise_score": 3.2982213497161865, "rough_score": 3.6904382705688477, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "What’s in a name? Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is often known by other names", "precise_score": 4.142521858215332, "rough_score": 6.077686786651611, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "A regal, assured and self-contained man, Nelson Mandela would never have claimed sole credit for the transformation of his country Photo: EPA", "precise_score": -2.5935068130493164, "rough_score": -3.775942802429199, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "At the time it was customary to give African children English names, as a legacy of the colonial days in which the rulers could not often pronounce African names. No one knows why Miss Mdingane chose the name Nelson, although Mandela suggested in his autobiography that he was given the name Nelson after the British sea captain Lord Nelson.", "precise_score": 2.870389461517334, "rough_score": 1.7437176704406738, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela - his family surname", "precise_score": 3.4520764350891113, "rough_score": 2.7778687477111816, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela: life in pictures", "precise_score": -2.3389461040496826, "rough_score": -1.2563164234161377, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "Madiba - the name of the clan of which Mandela is a member. A clan name is much more important than a surname as it refers to the ancestor from which a person is descended. Madiba was the name of a Thembu chief who ruled in the Transkei in the 18th century. It is considered very polite to use someone’s clan name.", "precise_score": 1.1337330341339111, "rough_score": -1.9888477325439453, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Nelson Muntz's Middle Name Is Mandela - Unreal Facts", "precise_score": 8.239603042602539, "rough_score": 9.133464813232422, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Muntz's Middle Name Is Mandela - Unreal Facts" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Do you know what Nelson Muntz’s middle name is? It may come as a bit of a surprise to discover that the creators and writers of the show inserted a little tribute to a man well known for his fight for justice and equality. A man who beat the odds to become a world icon and leader of his country. That man is Nelson Mandela. That’s right, the eternal bully of Springfield Elementary School, is named after Mandela. His name is Nelson Mandela Muntz. Nelson Muntz’s middle name is a tribute to former leader and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela. But why of all possible characters in the show would they pick Nelson?", "precise_score": 8.303109169006348, "rough_score": 8.88840389251709, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Muntz's Middle Name Is Mandela - Unreal Facts" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "This is the big unknown. To date there is no known reason that Nelson has been named after the great man. Some people theorize that it could have to do with the fact that despite Nelson being a well renowned bully, he has the ability to have a deep soul with a unique understanding of what life is like for those less fortunate. Nelson has the ability to show humility and compassion, which is not too unlike Mr Mandela. He has also been able to forge close and open relationships with those in similar situations to his own. But there could be even be a more simpler answer.", "precise_score": -0.6799370050430298, "rough_score": -2.393231153488159, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Muntz's Middle Name Is Mandela - Unreal Facts" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Without a doubt at the time that the show was first created in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, South Africa was undergoing a massive transition. Apartheid was coming finally beginning to come to an end, thanks mainly to Mandela’s leadership of the anti-apartheid movement. It was making waves not only in South Africa, but around the world. Nelson Mandela was a name that was on just about everyone’s lips. It’s almost perfectly feasible that the writers of the show decided to make Nelson Muntz’s middle name Mandela simply because it was in widespread use, and rolled off the tongue.", "precise_score": 6.504213333129883, "rough_score": 4.3914408683776855, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Muntz's Middle Name Is Mandela - Unreal Facts" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 at Mvezo on the banks of the Bashe River. He is the son of Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, a chief and chief councillor to the paramount chief of the Thembu and a member of the Madiba clan. Mandela’s middle name is Rolihlahla, which literally means ‘pulling the branch of a tree’, or colloquially, ‘troublemaker’. He was given the name Nelson by his White missionary school teacher.", "precise_score": 9.266374588012695, "rough_score": 6.699036598205566, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC News", "precise_score": 4.737930774688721, "rough_score": -0.390392541885376, "source": "search", "title": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name", "precise_score": 4.905415058135986, "rough_score": 0.5602113604545593, "source": "search", "title": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela was born in the Eastern Cape, the homeland of many Xhosa speakers. Xhosa, pronounced KAW-suh (-k as in king, -aw as in law, -uh as \"a\" in sofa, stressed syllables shown in upper case) in English, is one of South Africa's 11 official languages and one of 28 languages spoken in the country.", "precise_score": 1.184741735458374, "rough_score": -0.578259289264679, "source": "search", "title": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "And for Mandela's full name, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, we recommend: khol-ee-HLAA-hlaa man-DEL-uh (-kh as in Scottish loch, -hl as in Welsh llan, -aa as in father, -uh as a in sofa). This is based on his own pronunciation but without reflecting the tones. You can listen to his own pronunciation here , as said when he was sworn in as president of South Africa.", "precise_score": 6.895265579223633, "rough_score": 5.056473255157471, "source": "search", "title": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "HOW TO PRONOUNCE QUNU & MANDELA'S MIDDLE NAME IN XHOSA - BBC NEWS - YouTube", "precise_score": 4.249820232391357, "rough_score": -0.20228147506713867, "source": "search", "title": "HOW TO PRONOUNCE QUNU & MANDELA'S MIDDLE NAME IN ... - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "HOW TO PRONOUNCE QUNU & MANDELA'S MIDDLE NAME IN XHOSA - BBC NEWS", "precise_score": 4.287508487701416, "rough_score": 0.031988292932510376, "source": "search", "title": "HOW TO PRONOUNCE QUNU & MANDELA'S MIDDLE NAME IN ... - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Ever wondered how Qunu, Mandela's home town is pronounced? Or how about pronouncing his full name Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela? If yes then this video is for you.", "precise_score": 2.805385112762451, "rough_score": -1.5932328701019287, "source": "search", "title": "HOW TO PRONOUNCE QUNU & MANDELA'S MIDDLE NAME IN ... - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela | South African History Online", "precise_score": 0.23339493572711945, "rough_score": -3.552593469619751, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Home » Biographies » Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela", "precise_score": -0.38756075501441956, "rough_score": -2.4491162300109863, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela", "precise_score": 1.5381042957305908, "rough_score": 0.06348191946744919, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly declared, 18 July Nelson Mandela International Day, to honour his birthday. This is the first time that the United Nations (UN) has designated a day dedicated to a person.", "precise_score": -3.427424192428589, "rough_score": -1.6050796508789062, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "South African History Online’s contribution to celebrating the life and times of Nelson Mandela has been, since 2008, to add to the Mandela feature on our website. Together, with the Nelson Mandela Foundation’s website, this constitutes one of the most authoritative and up to date online resources on Mandela.", "precise_score": -3.0520131587982178, "rough_score": -4.000922679901123, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is the son of Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Henry Mgadla Mandela, a chief and chief councillor to the paramount chief of the Thembu and a member of the Madiba clan.", "precise_score": 4.2444071769714355, "rough_score": 2.2570722103118896, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Mandela’s middle name is Rolihlahla, which literally means ‘pulling the branch of a tree’, or colloquially, ‘troublemaker’. His was given the name Nelson by his white missionary school teacher.", "precise_score": 9.972461700439453, "rough_score": 8.1014986038208, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela pictured in 1952 at the offices of his legal partnership with Oliver Tambo. Photographer: JÁ¼rgen Schadeberg", "precise_score": -2.628309965133667, "rough_score": -4.208463191986084, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela was one of 156 African, Indian, Coloured and White men and women leaders in the Congress Alliance who were arrested and charged with Treason following a dramatic police raid in December 1956. For four-and-a-half years the  Treason Trial dragged on with charges being periodically withdrawn against some of the accused.", "precise_score": -0.8330287337303162, "rough_score": -4.2509236335754395, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela, second from left, with members of the National Liberation Front in Algeria, 1962. Source: Pretoria News Library", "precise_score": -1.552476167678833, "rough_score": -1.5013227462768555, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela takes a break during work at Robben Island prison. Source: The Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory", "precise_score": -3.5881030559539795, "rough_score": -4.205325603485107, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela at CODESA, December 1991 Photograph: Greame Williams, Permission: Africamediaonline", "precise_score": -2.3055291175842285, "rough_score": -3.246508836746216, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela in retirement (1999 - 2013) ↵", "precise_score": -2.5969045162200928, "rough_score": -3.832617998123169, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "He has devoted a large amount of his time to raising funds for the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund. In November 2003 a concert was held at Green Point Stadium to raise funds for the  Nelson Mandela Foundation , the  Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund  and global AIDS organisations. International stars responded to Mandela's call and the concert was called Nelson Mandela's  46664  Global AIDS initiative (466/64 was Mandela’s prisoner number during his 27 years of incarceration).", "precise_score": -3.1872098445892334, "rough_score": -3.307788372039795, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela is a recipient of numerous awards and honours both within South Africa and abroad. The unending invitation to him to receive more awards and honours prompted him to publicly urge that other leaders in the struggle to liberate and democratise South Africa should be recognised and honoured as he had been.", "precise_score": -1.487345576286316, "rough_score": -3.3647618293762207, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "On 27 March, Google and The Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory’s launched the Nelson Mandela Multimedia Archive. The archive digitises photographs, recordings and documents related to Mandela and makes them available online. ", "precise_score": -3.4055516719818115, "rough_score": -3.772714614868164, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela Awards 1960s - 2000s ↵", "precise_score": -3.3277955055236816, "rough_score": -2.2826685905456543, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Mandela attended the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, joining the ANC and becoming a founding member of its Youth League. After the Afrikaner minority government of the National Party established apartheid – a system of racial segregation that privileged whites – in 1948 he rose to prominence in the ANC's 1952 anti-apartheid Defiance Campaign, was appointed President of the organisation's Transvaal branch, and co-organised the 1955 Congress of the People. Working as a lawyer, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961. Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961, leading a sabotage campaign against the government. In 1962, he was arrested, convicted of conspiracy to overthrow the state, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.431901454925537, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Mandela served 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. Amid international pressure and growing fear of a racial civil war, President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial elections, in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became president. Leading a broad coalition government, which promulgated a new constitution, Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. While continuing with the former government's economic liberalism, his administration introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998–99. Declining a second presidential term, he was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman, focusing on charitable work in combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.067436695098877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Later stating that his early life was dominated by traditional Thembu custom and taboo, Mandela grew up with two sisters in his mother's kraal in the village of Qunu, where he tended herds as a cattle-boy, spending much time outside with other boys. Both his parents were illiterate, but being a devout Christian, his mother sent him to a local Methodist school when he was about seven. Baptised a Methodist, Mandela was given the English forename of \"Nelson\" by his teacher. When Mandela was about nine, his father came to stay at Qunu, where he died of an undiagnosed ailment which Mandela believed to be lung disease. Feeling \"cut adrift\", he later said that he inherited his father's \"proud rebelliousness\" and \"stubborn sense of fairness\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.586528301239014, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela's mother took him to the \"Great Place\" palace at Mqhekezweni, where he was entrusted under the guardianship of Thembu regent, Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo. Although he did not see his mother again for many years, Mandela felt that Jongintaba and his wife Noengland treated him as their own child, raising him alongside their son, Justice, and daughter, Nomafu. As Mandela attended church services every Sunday with his guardians, Christianity became a significant part of his life. He attended a Methodist mission school located next to the palace, studying English, Xhosa, history and geography. He developed a love of African history, listening to the tales told by elderly visitors to the palace, and became influenced by the anti-imperialist rhetoric of the visiting Chief Joyi. At the time he nevertheless considered the European colonialists not as oppressors but as benefactors who had brought education and other benefits to southern Africa. Aged 16, he, Justice and several other boys travelled to Tyhalarha to undergo the circumcision ritual that symbolically marked their transition from boys to men; the rite over, he was given the name Dalibunga.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.928062438964844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Intending to gain skills needed to become a privy councillor for the Thembu royal house, Mandela began his secondary education at Clarkebury Methodist High School, Engcobo, a Western-style institution that was the largest school for black Africans in Thembuland. Made to socialise with other students on an equal basis, he claimed that he lost his \"stuck up\" attitude, becoming best friends with a girl for the first time; he began playing sports and developed his lifelong love of gardening. Completing his Junior Certificate in two years, in 1937 he moved to Healdtown, the Methodist college in Fort Beaufort attended by most Thembu royalty, including Justice. The headmaster emphasised the superiority of English culture and government, but Mandela became increasingly interested in native African culture, making his first non-Xhosa friend, a Sotho language-speaker, and coming under the influence of one of his favourite teachers, a Xhosa who broke taboo by marrying a Sotho. Spending much of his spare time long-distance running and boxing, in his second year Mandela became a prefect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.11571979522705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "With Jongintaba's backing, Mandela began work on a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree at the University of Fort Hare, an elite black institution in Alice, Eastern Cape, with around 150 students. There he studied English, anthropology, politics, native administration, and Roman Dutch law in his first year, desiring to become an interpreter or clerk in the Native Affairs Department. Mandela stayed in the Wesley House dormitory, befriending his own kinsman, K. D. Matanzima, as well as Oliver Tambo, who became a close friend and comrade for decades to come. Continuing his interest in sport, Mandela took up ballroom dancing, performed in a drama society play about Abraham Lincoln, and gave Bible classes in the local community as part of the Student Christian Association. Although having friends connected to the African National Congress (ANC) and the anti-imperialist movement who wanted South Africa to be independent of the British Empire, Mandela avoided any involvement, and became a vocal supporter of the British war effort when the Second World War broke out. Helping found a first-year students' house committee which challenged the dominance of the second-years, at the end of his first year he became involved in a Students' Representative Council (SRC) boycott against the quality of food, for which he was temporarily suspended from the university; he left without receiving a degree.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.631498336791992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Returning to Mqhekezweni in December 1940, Mandela found that Jongintaba had arranged marriages for him and Justice; dismayed, they fled to Johannesburg via Queenstown, arriving in April 1941. Mandela found work as a night watchman at Crown Mines, his \"first sight of South African capitalism in action\", but was fired when the induna (headman) discovered that he was a runaway. Staying with a cousin in George Goch Township, Mandela was introduced to realtor and ANC activist Walter Sisulu, who secured him a job as an articled clerk at law firm Witkin, Sidelsky and Eidelman. The company was run by a liberal Jew, Lazar Sidelsky, who was sympathetic to the ANC's cause. At the firm, Mandela befriended Gaur Radebe, a Xhosa member of the ANC and Communist Party, as well as Nat Bregman, a Jewish communist who became his first white friend. Attending communist talks and parties, Mandela was impressed that Europeans, Africans, Indians and Coloureds were mixing as equals. He later stated that he did not join the Party because its atheism conflicted with his Christian faith, and because he saw the South African struggle as being racially-based rather than class warfare. Continuing his higher education, Mandela signed up to a University of South Africa correspondence course, working on his bachelor's degree at night.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.066571235656738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Earning a small wage, Mandela rented a room in the house of the Xhoma family in the Alexandra township; despite being rife with poverty, crime and pollution, Alexandra always remained a special place for him. Although embarrassed by his poverty, he briefly courted a Swazi woman before unsuccessfully courting his landlord's daughter. In order to save money and be closer to downtown Johannesburg, Mandela moved into the compound of the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association, living among miners of various tribes; as the compound was visited by various chiefs, he once met the Queen Regent of Basutoland. In late 1941, Jongintaba visited, forgiving Mandela for running away. On returning to Thembuland, the regent died in winter 1942; Mandela and Justice arrived a day late for the funeral. After passing his BA exams in early 1943, Mandela returned to Johannesburg to follow a political path as a lawyer rather than become a privy councillor in Thembuland. He later stated that he experienced no epiphany, but that he \"simply found [himself] doing so, and could not do otherwise.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.948441028594971, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela began studying law at the University of the Witwatersrand, where he was the only black African student in the faculty. Although facing racism from some, he befriended liberal and communist European, Jewish, and Indian students, among them Joe Slovo and Ruth First. Becoming increasingly politicised, in August 1943 Mandela marched in support of a successful bus boycott to reverse fare rises. Joining the ANC, he was increasingly influenced by Sisulu, spending much time with other activists at Sisulu's Orlando house, including old friend Oliver Tambo. In 1943, Mandela met Anton Lembede, an ANC member affiliated with the Africanist branch of African nationalism, which was virulently opposed to a racially united front against colonialism and imperialism or to an alliance with the communists. Despite his friendships with non-blacks and communists, Mandela embraced Lembede's views, believing that black Africans should be entirely independent in their struggle for political self-determination. Deciding on the need for a youth wing to mass-mobilise Africans in opposition to their subjugation, Mandela was among a delegation that approached ANC President Alfred Bitini Xuma on the subject at his home in Sophiatown; the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was founded on Easter Sunday 1944 in the Bantu Men's Social Centre, with Lembede as President and Mandela as a member of its executive committee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6066765785217285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "At Sisulu's house, Mandela met Evelyn Mase, a trainee nurse and ANC activist from Engcobo, Transkei. Entering a relationship and marrying in October 1944, they initially lived with her relatives until moving in to a rented house in the township of Orlando in early 1946. Their first child, Madiba \"Thembi\" Thembekile, was born in February 1945; a daughter, Makaziwe, was born in 1947 but died of meningitis nine months later. Mandela enjoyed home life, welcoming his mother and his sister, Leabie, to stay with him. In early 1947, his three years of articles ended at Witkin, Sidelsky and Eidelman, and he decided to become a full-time student, subsisting on loans from the Bantu Welfare Trust.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.737305164337158, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In July 1947, Mandela rushed Lembede, who was ill, to hospital, where he died; he was succeeded as ANCYL president by the more moderate Peter Mda, who agreed to co-operate with communists and non-blacks, appointing Mandela ANCYL secretary. Mandela disagreed with Mda's approach, in December 1947 supporting an unsuccessful measure to expel communists from the ANCYL, considering their ideology un-African. In 1947, Mandela was elected to the executive committee of the ANC's Transvaal Province branch, serving under regional president C. S. Ramohanoe. When Ramohanoe acted against the wishes of the committee by co-operating with Indians and communists, Mandela was one of those who forced his resignation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.828406810760498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In the South African general election, 1948, in which only whites were permitted to vote, the Afrikaner-dominated Herenigde Nasionale Party under Daniel François Malan took power, soon uniting with the Afrikaner Party to form the National Party. Openly racialist, the party codified and expanded racial segregation with the new apartheid legislation. Gaining increasing influence in the ANC, Mandela and his cadres began advocating direct action against apartheid, such as boycotts and strikes, influenced by the tactics already employed by South Africa's Indian community. Xuma did not support these measures and was removed from the presidency in a vote of no confidence, replaced by James Moroka and a more militant executive containing Sisulu, Mda, Tambo, and Godfrey Pitje. Mandela later related that \"[he and his colleagues] had [...] guided the ANC to a more radical and revolutionary path.\" Having devoted his time to politics, Mandela failed his final year at Witwatersrand three times; he was ultimately denied his degree in December 1949.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.549410820007324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela took Xuma's place on the ANC national executive in March 1950, and that same year was elected national president of the ANCYL. In March, the Defend Free Speech Convention was held in Johannesburg, bringing together African, Indian, and communist activists to call a May Day general strike in protest against apartheid and white minority rule. Mandela opposed the strike because it was multi-racial and not ANC-led, but a majority of black workers took part, resulting in increased police repression and the introduction of the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950, affecting the actions of all protest groups. At the ANC national conference of December 1951, he continued arguing against a racially united front, but was outvoted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.874041557312012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Thenceforth, Mandela rejected Lembede's Africanist beliefs and embraced the idea of a multi-racial front against apartheid. Influenced by friends like Moses Kotane and by the Soviet Union's support for wars of independence, his mistrust of communism broke down and he began reading literature by Marxists like Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong, eventually embracing the Marxist philosophy of dialectical materialism. Commenting on communism, he later stated that he \"found [himself] strongly drawn to the idea of a classless society which, to [his] mind, was similar to traditional African culture where life was shared and communal.\" In April 1952, Mandela began work at the H.M. Basner law firm, which was owned by a communist, although his increasing commitment to work and activism meant he spent less time with his family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.007902145385742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1952, the ANC began preparation for a joint Defiance Campaign against apartheid with Indian and communist groups, founding a National Voluntary Board to recruit volunteers. The campaign was designed to follow the path of nonviolent resistance influenced by Mahatma Gandhi; some supported this for ethical reasons, but Mandela instead considered it pragmatic. At a Durban rally on 22 June, Mandela addressed an assembled crowd of 10,000, initiating the campaign protests, for which he was arrested and briefly interned in Marshall Square prison. The events of the campaign resulted in Mandela establishing himself as one of the best-known black political figures in South Africa. With further protests, the ANC's membership grew from 20,000 to 100,000; the government responded with mass arrests and introduced the Public Safety Act, 1953 to permit martial law. In May, authorities banned Transvaal ANC President J. B. Marks from making public appearances; unable to maintain his position, he recommended Mandela as his successor. Although Africanists opposed his candidacy, Mandela was elected regional president in October.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.609014511108398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In July 1952, Mandela was arrested under the Suppression of Communism Act and stood trial as one of the 21 accused – among them Moroka, Sisulu, and Yusuf Dadoo – in Johannesburg. Found guilty of \"statutory communism\", a term that the government used to describe most opposition to apartheid, their sentence of nine months' hard labour was suspended for two years. In December, Mandela was given a six-month ban from attending meetings or talking to more than one individual at a time, making his Transvaal ANC presidency impractical, and during this period the Defiance Campaign petered out. In September 1953, Andrew Kunene read out Mandela's \"No Easy Walk to Freedom\" speech at a Transvaal ANC meeting; the title was taken from a quote by Indian independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru, a seminal influence on Mandela's thought. The speech laid out a contingency plan for a scenario in which the ANC was banned. This Mandela Plan, or M-Plan, involved dividing the organisation into a cell structure with a more centralised leadership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.712282657623291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela obtained work as an attorney for the firm Terblanche and Briggish, before moving to the liberal-run Helman and Michel, passing qualification exams to become a full-fledged attorney. In August 1953, Mandela and Tambo opened their own law firm, Mandela and Tambo, operating in downtown Johannesburg. The only African-run law firm in the country, it was popular with aggrieved blacks, often dealing with cases of police brutality. Disliked by the authorities, the firm was forced to relocate to a remote location after their office permit was removed under the Group Areas Act; as a result, their custom dwindled. As a lawyer of aristocratic heritage, Mandela was part of Johannesburg's elite black middle-class, and accorded much respect as a result from the black community. Although a second daughter, Makaziwe Phumia, was born in May 1954, Mandela's relationship with Evelyn became strained, and she accused him of adultery. Claims have emerged that he was having affairs with ANC member Lillian Ngoyi and secretary Ruth Mompati; various individuals close to Mandela in this period have stated that the latter bore him a child. Disgusted by her son's behaviour, Nosekeni returned to Transkei, while Evelyn embraced the Jehovah's Witnesses and rejected Mandela's preoccupation with politics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.293095588684082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "After taking part in the unsuccessful protest to prevent the forced relocation of all black people from the Sophiatown suburb of Johannesburg in February 1955, Mandela concluded that violent action would prove necessary to end apartheid and white minority rule. He advised Sisulu to request weaponry from the People's Republic of China, but though the Chinese government supported the anti-apartheid struggle, they believed the movement insufficiently prepared for guerilla warfare. With the involvement of the South African Indian Congress, the Coloured People's Congress, the South African Congress of Trade Unions and the Congress of Democrats, the ANC planned a Congress of the People, calling on all South Africans to send in proposals for a post-apartheid era. Based on the responses, a Freedom Charter was drafted by Rusty Bernstein, calling for the creation of a democratic, non-racialist state with the nationalisation of major industry. When the charter was adopted at a June 1955 conference in Kliptown, attended by 3,000 delegates, police cracked down on the event, but it remained a key part of Mandela's ideology.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.747724533081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Following the end of a second ban in September 1955, Mandela went on a working holiday to Transkei to discuss the implications of the Bantu Authorities Act, 1951 with local tribal leaders, also visiting his mother and Noengland before proceeding to Cape Town. In March 1956 he received his third ban on public appearances, restricting him to Johannesburg for five years, but he often defied it. Mandela's marriage broke down as Evelyn left him, taking their children to live with her brother. Initiating divorce proceedings in May 1956, she claimed that Mandela had physically abused her; he denied the allegations, and fought for custody of their children. She withdrew her petition of separation in November, but Mandela filed for divorce in January 1958; the divorce was finalised in March, with the children placed in Evelyn's care. During the divorce proceedings, he began courting and politicising a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, whom he married in Bizana in June 1958. She later became involved in ANC activities, spending several weeks in prison. Together they had two children: Zenani, born in February 1959, and Zindziswa, born in December 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.046992301940918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In December 1956, Mandela was arrested alongside most of the ANC national executive, accused of \"high treason\" against the state. Held in Johannesburg Prison amid mass protests, they underwent a preparatory examination before being granted bail. The defence's refutation began in January 1957, overseen by defence lawyer Vernon Berrangé, and continued until adjourning in September. In January 1958, Oswald Pirow was appointed to prosecute the case, and in February the judge ruled that there was \"sufficient reason\" for the defendants to go on trial in the Transvaal Supreme Court. The formal Treason Trial began in Pretoria in August 1958, with the defendants successfully applying to have the three judges – all linked to the governing National Party – replaced. In August, one charge was dropped, and in October the prosecution withdrew its indictment, submitting a reformulated version in November which argued that the ANC leadership committed high treason by advocating violent revolution, a charge the defendants denied.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.182677268981934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In April 1959, Africanists dissatisfied with the ANC's united front approach founded the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC); Mandela disagreed with the group's racially exclusionary views, describing them as \"immature\" and \"naïve\". Both parties took part in an anti-pass campaign in early 1960, in which Africans burned the passes that they were legally obliged to carry. One of the PAC-organised demonstrations was fired upon by police, resulting in the deaths of 69 protesters in the Sharpeville massacre. The incident brought international condemnation of the government and resulted in rioting throughout South Africa, with Mandela publicly burning his pass in solidarity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.244507789611816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Responding to the unrest, the government implemented state of emergency measures, declaring martial law and banning the ANC and PAC, while in March they arrested Mandela and other activists, imprisoning them for five months without charge in the unsanitary conditions of the Pretoria Local prison. Imprisonment caused problems for Mandela and his co-defendants in the Treason Trial; their lawyers could not reach them, and so it was decided that the lawyers would withdraw in protest until the accused were freed from prison when the state of emergency was lifted in late August 1960. Over the following months, Mandela used his free time to organise an All-In African Conference near Pietermaritzburg, Natal, in March 1961, at which 1,400 anti-apartheid delegates met, agreeing on a stay-at-home strike to mark 31 May, the day South Africa became a republic. On 29 March 1961, six years after the Treason Trial began, the judges produced a verdict of not guilty, claiming that there was insufficient evidence to convict the accused of \"high treason\", for they had advocated neither communism nor violent revolution; the outcome embarrassed the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.420522689819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Black Pimpernel", "passage": "Disguised as a chauffeur, Mandela travelled the country incognito, organising the ANC's new cell structure and the planned mass stay-at-home strike. Referred to as the \"Black Pimpernel\" in the press – a reference to Emma Orczy's 1905 novel The Scarlet Pimpernel – a warrant for his arrest was put out by the police. Mandela held secret meetings with reporters, and after the government failed to prevent the strike, he warned them that many anti-apartheid activists would soon resort to violence through groups like the PAC's Poqo. He believed that the ANC should form an armed group to channel some of this violence in a controlled direction, convincing both ANC leader Albert Luthuli – who was morally opposed to violence – and allied activist groups of its necessity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.743516445159912, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Inspired by the actions of Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement in the Cuban Revolution, in 1961 Mandela, Sisulu, and Slovo co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe (\"Spear of the Nation\", abbreviated MK). Becoming chairman of the militant group, Mandela gained ideas from Marxist literature on guerilla warfare by Mao and Che Guevara as well as from the military theorist Carl von Clausewitz. Although initially declared officially separate from the ANC so as not to taint the latter's reputation, it later became widely recognised that MK was the party's armed wing. Most early MK members were white communists who were able to hide Mandela in their homes; after hiding in communist Wolfie Kodesh's flat in Berea, Mandela moved to the communist-owned Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia, there joined by Raymond Mhlaba, Slovo, and Bernstein, who put together the MK constitution. Although in later life Mandela denied ever being a member of the Communist Party, historical research published in 2011 strongly suggested that he had joined in the late 1950s or early 1960s. This was confirmed by both the SACP and the ANC after Mandela's death. According to the SACP, he was not only a member of the party, but also served on its Central Committee, but later denied it for political reasons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.85813045501709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Operating through a cell structure, MK planned to carry out acts of sabotage that would exert maximum pressure on the government with minimum casualties; they sought to bomb military installations, power plants, telephone lines, and transport links at night, when civilians were not present. Mandela stated that they chose sabotage because it was the least harmful action, did not involve killing, and offered the best hope for racial reconciliation afterwards; he nevertheless acknowledged that should this have failed then guerrilla warfare might have been necessary. Soon after ANC leader Luthuli was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, MK publicly announced its existence with 57 bombings on Dingane's Day (16 December) 1961, followed by further attacks on New Year's Eve.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.968347549438477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The ANC decided to send Mandela as a delegate to the February 1962 Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central and Southern Africa (PAFMECSA) meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Leaving South Africa in secret via Bechuanaland, on his way Mandela visited Tanganyika and met with its president, Julius Nyerere. Arriving in Ethiopia, Mandela met with Emperor Haile Selassie I, and gave his speech after Selassie's at the conference. After the symposium, he travelled to Cairo, Egypt, admiring the political reforms of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, and then went to Tunis, Tunisia, where President Habib Bourguiba gave him £5,000 for weaponry. He proceeded to Morocco, Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Senegal, receiving funds from Liberian President William Tubman and Guinean President Ahmed Sékou Touré. Leaving Africa for London, England, he met anti-apartheid activists, reporters, and prominent politicians. Returning to Ethiopia, he began a six-month course in guerrilla warfare, but completed only two months before being recalled to South Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.368492126464844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 5 August 1962, police captured Mandela along with fellow activist Cecil Williams near Howick. Various rumours have circulated suggesting that the authorities were tipped off with regard to Mandela's whereabouts, although Mandela himself gave these little credence. One idea was that his location had been revealed to South African police by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which feared that Mandela was a communist; this claim later received support from an ex-U.S. diplomat who claimed involvement in the operation. Jailed in Johannesburg's Marshall Square prison, Mandela was charged with inciting workers' strikes and leaving the country without permission. Representing himself with Slovo as legal advisor, Mandela intended to use the trial to showcase \"the ANC's moral opposition to racism\" while supporters demonstrated outside the court. Moved to Pretoria, where Winnie could visit him, in his cell he began correspondence studies for a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from the University of London. His hearing began in October, but he disrupted proceedings by wearing a traditional kaross, refusing to call any witnesses, and turning his plea of mitigation into a political speech. Found guilty, he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment; as he left the courtroom, supporters sang \"Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.277945041656494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In July 1963, police raided Liliesleaf Farm, arresting those they found there and uncovering paperwork documenting MK's activities, some of which mentioned Mandela. The Rivonia Trial began at Pretoria Supreme Court in October, with Mandela and his comrades charged with four counts of sabotage and conspiracy to violently overthrow the government; their chief prosecutor was Percy Yutar. Judge Quartus de Wet soon threw out the prosecution's case for insufficient evidence, but Yutar reformulated the charges, presenting his new case from December until February 1964, calling 173 witnesses and bringing thousands of documents and photographs to the trial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.40414810180664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Although four of the accused denied involvement with MK, Mandela and the five other accused admitted sabotage but denied that they had ever agreed to initiate guerrilla war against the government. They used the trial to highlight their political cause; at the opening of the defence's proceedings, Mandela gave his three-hour \"I Am Prepared to Die\" speech. That speech – which was inspired by Castro's \"History Will Absolve Me\" – was widely reported in the press despite official censorship. The trial gained international attention; there were global calls for the release of the accused from the United Nations and World Peace Council, while the University of London Union voted Mandela to its presidency. On 12 June 1964, justice De Wet found Mandela and two of his co-accused guilty on all four charges; although the prosecution had called for the death sentence to be applied, the judge instead condemned them to life imprisonment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.810115814208984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela and his co-accused were transferred from Pretoria to the prison on Robben Island, remaining there for the next 18 years. Isolated from non-political prisoners in Section B, Mandela was imprisoned in a damp concrete cell measuring 8 ft by 7 ft, with a straw mat on which to sleep. Verbally and physically harassed by several white prison wardens, the Rivonia Trial prisoners spent their days breaking rocks into gravel, until being reassigned in January 1965 to work in a lime quarry. Mandela was initially forbidden to wear sunglasses, and the glare from the lime permanently damaged his eyesight. At night, he worked on his LLB degree which he was obtaining from University of London through a correspondence course with Wolsey Hall, Oxford, but newspapers were forbidden, and he was locked in solitary confinement on several occasions for possessing smuggled news clippings. Initially classified as the lowest grade of prisoner, Class D, he was permitted one visit and one letter every six months, although all mail was heavily censored.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.201746940612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The political prisoners took part in work and hunger strikes – the latter considered largely ineffective by Mandela – to improve prison conditions, viewing this as a microcosm of the anti-apartheid struggle. ANC prisoners elected him to their four-man \"High Organ\" along with Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, and Raymond Mhlaba, and he involved himself in a group representing all political prisoners on the island, Ulundi, through which he forged links with PAC and Yu Chi Chan Club members. Initiating the \"University of Robben Island\", whereby prisoners lectured on their own areas of expertise, he debated socio-political topics with his comrades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.587099075317383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Though attending Christian Sunday services, Mandela studied Islam. He also studied Afrikaans, hoping to build a mutual respect with the warders and convert them to his cause. Various official visitors met with Mandela, most significantly the liberal parliamentary representative Helen Suzman of the Progressive Party, who championed Mandela's cause outside of prison. In September 1970, he met British Labour Party MP Dennis Healey. South African Minister of Justice Jimmy Kruger visited in December 1974, but he and Mandela did not get on. His mother visited in 1968, dying shortly after, and his firstborn son Thembi died in a car accident the following year; Mandela was forbidden from attending either funeral. His wife was rarely able to visit, being regularly imprisoned for political activity, and his daughters first visited in December 1975; Winnie got out of prison in 1977 but was forcibly settled in Brandfort, still unable to visit him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.101058006286621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "From 1967, prison conditions improved; black prisoners were given trousers rather than shorts, games were permitted, and the standard of their food was raised. In 1969, an escape plan for Mandela was developed by Gordon Bruce, but it was abandoned after the conspiracy was infiltrated by an agent of the South African Bureau of State Security (BOSS), who hoped to see Mandela shot during the escape. In 1970, Commander Piet Badenhorst became commanding officer. Mandela, seeing an increase in the physical and mental abuse of prisoners, complained to visiting judges, who had Badenhorst reassigned. He was replaced by Commander Willie Willemse, who developed a co-operative relationship with Mandela and was keen to improve prison standards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.669500827789307, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "By 1975, Mandela had become a Class A prisoner, allowing greater numbers of visits and letters; he corresponded with anti-apartheid activists like Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Desmond Tutu. That year, he began his autobiography, which was smuggled to London, but remained unpublished at the time; prison authorities discovered several pages, and his study privileges were revoked for four years. Instead, he devoted his spare time to gardening and reading until he resumed his LLB degree studies in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.105825424194336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "By the late 1960s, Mandela's fame had been eclipsed by Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). Seeing the ANC as ineffectual, the BCM called for militant action, but following the Soweto uprising of 1976, many BCM activists were imprisoned on Robben Island. Mandela tried to build a relationship with these young radicals, although he was critical of their racialism and contempt for white anti-apartheid activists. Renewed international interest in his plight came in July 1978, when he celebrated his 60th birthday. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in Lesotho, the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in India in 1979, and the Freedom of the City of Glasgow, Scotland in 1981. In March 1980, the slogan \"Free Mandela!\" was developed by journalist Percy Qoboza, sparking an international campaign that led the UN Security Council to call for his release. Despite increasing foreign pressure, the government refused, relying on its Cold War allies US President Ronald Reagan and UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher; both considered Mandela's ANC a terrorist organisation sympathetic to communism and supported its suppression.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.453587532043457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In April 1982, Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Tokai, Cape Town along with senior ANC leaders Walter Sisulu, Andrew Mlangeni, Ahmed Kathrada, and Raymond Mhlaba; they believed that they were being isolated to remove their influence on younger activists at Robben Island. Conditions at Pollsmoor were better than at Robben Island, although Mandela missed the camaraderie and scenery of the island. Getting on well with Pollsmoor's commanding officer, Brigadier Munro, Mandela was permitted to create a roof garden, and also read voraciously and corresponded widely, now permitted 52 letters a year. He was appointed patron of the multi-racial United Democratic Front (UDF), founded to combat reforms implemented by South African President P. W. Botha. Botha's National Party government had permitted Coloured and Indian citizens to vote for their own parliaments, which had control over education, health, and housing, but black Africans were excluded from the system; like Mandela, the UDF saw this as an attempt to divide the anti-apartheid movement on racial lines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.145938396453857, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Violence across the country escalated, with many fearing civil war. Under pressure from an international lobby, multinational banks stopped investing in South Africa, resulting in economic stagnation. Numerous banks and Thatcher asked Botha to release Mandela – then at the height of his international fame – to defuse the volatile situation. Although considering Mandela a dangerous \"arch-Marxist\", in February 1985 Botha offered him a release from prison on condition that he \"unconditionally rejected violence as a political weapon\". Mandela spurned the offer, releasing a statement through his daughter Zindzi stating, \"What freedom am I being offered while the organisation of the people [ANC] remains banned? Only free men can negotiate. A prisoner cannot enter into contracts.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.419649124145508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1985, Mandela underwent surgery on an enlarged prostate gland, before being given new solitary quarters on the ground floor. He was met by \"seven eminent persons\", an international delegation sent to negotiate a settlement, but Botha's government refused to co-operate, in June calling a state of emergency and initiating a police crackdown on unrest. The anti-apartheid resistance fought back, with the ANC committing 231 attacks in 1986 and 235 in 1987. The violence escalated as the government used the army and police to combat the resistance, and provided covert support for vigilante groups and the Zulu nationalist movement Inkatha, which was involved in an increasingly violent struggle with the ANC. Mandela requested talks with Botha but was denied, instead secretly meeting with Minister of Justice Kobie Coetsee in 1987, having a further 11 meetings over the next three years. Coetsee organised negotiations between Mandela and a team of four government figures starting in May 1988; the team agreed to the release of political prisoners and the legalisation of the ANC on the condition that they permanently renounce violence, break links with the Communist Party, and not insist on majority rule. Mandela rejected these conditions, insisting that the ANC would only end its armed activities when the government renounced violence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.056410789489746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela's 70th birthday in July 1988 attracted international attention, notably with a tribute concert at London's Wembley Stadium that was televised and watched by an estimated 200 million viewers. Although presented globally as a heroic figure, he faced personal problems when ANC leaders informed him that Winnie had set herself up as head of a criminal gang, the \"Mandela United Football Club\", who had been responsible for torturing and killing opponents – including children – in Soweto. Though some encouraged him to divorce her, he decided to remain loyal until she was found guilty by trial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.518929481506348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Recovering from tuberculosis exacerbated by the dank conditions in his cell, in December 1988 Mandela was moved to Victor Verster Prison near Paarl. He was housed in the relative comfort of a warder's house with a personal cook, and used the time to complete his LLB degree. While there, he was permitted many visitors and organised secret communications with exiled ANC leader Oliver Tambo. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.08270263671875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1989, Botha suffered a stroke, retaining the state presidency but stepping down as leader of the National Party, to be replaced by F. W. de Klerk. In a surprise move, Botha invited Mandela to a meeting over tea in July 1989, an invitation Mandela considered genial. Botha was replaced as state president by de Klerk six weeks later; the new president believed that apartheid was unsustainable and released a number of ANC prisoners. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, de Klerk called his cabinet together to debate legalising the ANC and freeing Mandela. Although some were deeply opposed to his plans, de Klerk met with Mandela in December to discuss the situation, a meeting both men considered friendly, before legalising all formerly banned political parties in February 1990 and announcing Mandela's unconditional release. Shortly thereafter, for the first time in 20 years, photographs of Mandela were allowed to be published in South Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.648162364959717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Leaving Victor Verster Prison on 11 February, Mandela held Winnie's hand in front of amassed crowds and press; the event was broadcast live across the world. Driven to Cape Town's City Hall through crowds, he gave a speech declaring his commitment to peace and reconciliation with the white minority, but made it clear that the ANC's armed struggle was not over, and would continue as \"a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid\". He expressed hope that the government would agree to negotiations, so that \"there may no longer be the need for the armed struggle\", and insisted that his main focus was to bring peace to the black majority and give them the right to vote in national and local elections.The text of Mandela's speech can be found at Staying at the home of Desmond Tutu, in the following days Mandela met with friends, activists, and press, giving a speech to an estimated 100,000 people at Johannesburg's Soccer City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.29910945892334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In May 1990, Mandela led a multiracial ANC delegation into preliminary negotiations with a government delegation of 11 Afrikaner men. Mandela impressed them with his discussions of Afrikaner history, and the negotiations led to the Groot Schuur Minute, in which the government lifted the state of emergency. In August, Mandela – recognising the ANC's severe military disadvantage – offered a ceasefire, the Pretoria Minute, for which he was widely criticised by MK activists. He spent much time trying to unify and build the ANC, appearing at a Johannesburg conference in December attended by 1600 delegates, many of whom found him more moderate than expected. At the ANC's July 1991 national conference in Durban, Mandela admitted the party's faults and announced his aim to build a \"strong and well-oiled task force\" for securing majority rule. At the conference, he was elected ANC President, replacing the ailing Tambo, and a 50-strong multiracial, mixed gendered national executive was elected.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0648393630981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela was given an office in the newly purchased ANC headquarters at Shell House, Johannesburg, and moved into Winnie's large Soweto home. Their marriage was increasingly strained as he learned of her affair with Dali Mpofu, but he supported her during her trial for kidnapping and assault. He gained funding for her defence from the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa and from Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, but in June 1991 she was found guilty and sentenced to six years in prison, reduced to two on appeal. On 13 April 1992, Mandela publicly announced his separation from Winnie. The ANC forced her to step down from the national executive for misappropriating ANC funds; Mandela moved into the mostly white Johannesburg suburb of Houghton. Mandela's prospects for a peaceful transition were further damaged by an increase in \"black-on-black\" violence, particularly between ANC and Inkatha supporters in KwaZulu-Natal, which resulted in thousands of deaths. Mandela met with Inkatha leader Buthelezi, but the ANC prevented further negotiations on the issue. Mandela argued that there was a \"third force\" within the state intelligence services fuelling the \"slaughter of the people\" and openly blamed de Klerk – whom he increasingly distrusted – for the Sebokeng massacre. In September 1991, a national peace conference was held in Johannesburg at which Mandela, Buthelezi and de Klerk signed a peace accord, though the violence continued.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0220723152160645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) began in December 1991 at the Johannesburg World Trade Center, attended by 228 delegates from 19 political parties. Although Cyril Ramaphosa led the ANC's delegation, Mandela remained a key figure, and after de Klerk used the closing speech to condemn the ANC's violence, he took to the stage to denounce de Klerk as the \"head of an illegitimate, discredited minority regime\". Dominated by the National Party and ANC, little negotiation was achieved. CODESA 2 was held in May 1992, at which de Klerk insisted that post-apartheid South Africa must use a federal system with a rotating presidency to ensure the protection of ethnic minorities; Mandela opposed this, demanding a unitary system governed by majority rule. Following the Boipatong massacre of ANC activists by government-aided Inkatha militants, Mandela called off the negotiations, before attending a meeting of the Organisation of African Unity in Senegal, at which he called for a special session of the UN Security Council and proposed that a UN peacekeeping force be stationed in South Africa to prevent \"state terrorism\". Calling for domestic mass action, in August the ANC organised the largest-ever strike in South African history, and supporters marched on Pretoria. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.736298084259033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Following the Bisho massacre, in which 28 ANC supporters and one soldier were shot dead by the Ciskei Defence Force during a protest march, Mandela realised that mass action was leading to further violence and resumed negotiations in September. He agreed to do so on the conditions that all political prisoners be released, that Zulu traditional weapons be banned, and that Zulu hostels would be fenced off, the latter two measures intended to prevent further Inkatha attacks; de Klerk reluctantly agreed. The negotiations agreed that a multiracial general election would be held, resulting in a five-year coalition government of national unity and a constitutional assembly that gave the National Party continuing influence. The ANC also conceded to safeguarding the jobs of white civil servants; such concessions brought fierce internal criticism. The duo agreed on an interim constitution based on a liberal democratic model, guaranteeing separation of powers, creating a constitutional court, and including a U.S.-style bill of rights; it also divided the country into nine provinces, each with its own premier and civil service, a concession between de Klerk's desire for federalism and Mandela's for unitary government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.051858901977539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The democratic process was threatened by the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG), an alliance of far-right Afrikaner parties and black ethnic-secessionist groups like Inkatha; in June 1993, the white supremacist Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) attacked the Kempton Park World Trade Centre. Following the murder of ANC activist Chris Hani, Mandela made a publicised speech to calm rioting, soon after appearing at a mass funeral in Soweto for Tambo, who had died of a stroke. In July 1993, both Mandela and de Klerk visited the US, independently meeting President Bill Clinton and each receiving the Liberty Medal. Soon after, Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Norway. Influenced by Thabo Mbeki, Mandela began meeting with big business figures, and played down his support for nationalisation, fearing that he would scare away much-needed foreign investment. Although criticised by socialist ANC members, he was encouraged to embrace private enterprise by members of the Chinese and Vietnamese Communist parties at the January 1992 World Economic Forum in Switzerland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.997722625732422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "With the election set for 27 April 1994, the ANC began campaigning, opening 100 election offices and orchestrating People's Forums across the country, at which Mandela could appear, as a popular figure with great status among black South Africans. The ANC campaigned on a Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to build a million houses in five years, introduce universal free education and extend access to water and electricity. The party's slogan was \"a better life for all\", although it was not explained how this development would be funded. With the exception of the Weekly Mail and the New Nation, South Africa's press opposed Mandela's election, fearing continued ethnic strife, instead supporting the National or Democratic Party. Mandela devoted much time to fundraising for the ANC, touring North America, Europe and Asia to meet wealthy donors, including former supporters of the apartheid regime. He also urged a reduction in the voting age from 18 to 14; rejected by the ANC, this policy became the subject of ridicule.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.352320671081543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Concerned that COSAG would undermine the election, particularly in the wake of the conflict in Bophuthatswana and the Shell House Massacre – incidents of violence involving the AWB and Inkatha, respectively – Mandela met with Afrikaner politicians and generals, including P. W. Botha, Pik Botha and Constand Viljoen, persuading many to work within the democratic system, and with de Klerk convinced Inkatha's Buthelezi to enter the elections rather than launch a war of secession. As leaders of the two major parties, de Klerk and Mandela appeared on a televised debate; although de Klerk was widely considered the better speaker at the event, Mandela's offer to shake his hand surprised him, leading some commentators to consider it a victory for Mandela. The election went ahead with little violence, although an AWB cell killed 20 with car bombs. As widely expected, the ANC won a sweeping victory, taking 63% of the vote, just short of the two-thirds majority needed to unilaterally change the constitution. The ANC was also victorious in seven provinces, with Inkatha and the National Party each taking another. Mandela voted at the Ohlange High School in Durban, and though the ANC's victory assured his election as President, he publicly accepted that the election had been marred by instances of fraud and sabotage. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.288830757141113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The newly elected National Assembly's first act was to formally elect Mandela as South Africa's first black chief executive. His inauguration took place in Pretoria on 10 May 1994, televised to a billion viewers globally. The event was attended by 4,000 guests, including world leaders from disparate backgrounds. Mandela headed a Government of National Unity dominated by the ANC – which alone had no experience of governance – but containing representatives from the National Party and Inkatha. Under the Interim Constitution, Inkatha and the National Party were entitled to seats in the government by virtue of winning at least 20 seats. In keeping with earlier agreements, both de Klerk and Thabo Mbeki were given the position of Deputy President. Although Mbeki had not been his first choice for the job, Mandela grew to rely heavily on him throughout his presidency, allowing him to organise policy details. Moving into the presidential office at Tuynhuys in Cape Town, Mandela allowed de Klerk to retain the presidential residence in the Groote Schuur estate, instead settling into the nearby Westbrooke manor, which he renamed \"Genadendal\", meaning \"Valley of Mercy\" in Afrikaans. Retaining his Houghton home, he also had a house built in his home village of Qunu, which he visited regularly, walking around the area, meeting with locals, and judging tribal disputes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.361977577209473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Presiding over the transition from apartheid minority rule to a multicultural democracy, Mandela saw national reconciliation as the primary task of his presidency. Having seen other post-colonial African economies damaged by the departure of white elites, Mandela worked to reassure South Africa's white population that they were protected and represented in \"the Rainbow Nation\". Although his Government of National Unity would be dominated by the ANC, he attempted to create a broad coalition by appointing de Klerk as Deputy President and appointing other National Party officials as ministers for Agriculture, Energy, Environment, and Minerals and Energy, as well as naming Buthelezi as Minister for Home Affairs. The other cabinet positions were taken by ANC members, many of whom – like Joe Modise, Alfred Nzo, Joe Slovo, Mac Maharaj and Dullah Omar – had long been comrades, although others, such as Tito Mboweni and Jeff Radebe, were much younger. Mandela's relationship with de Klerk was strained; Mandela thought that de Klerk was intentionally provocative, and de Klerk felt that he was being intentionally humiliated by the president. In January 1995, Mandela heavily chastised him for awarding amnesty to 3,500 police officers just before the election, and later criticised him for defending former Minister of Defence Magnus Malan when the latter was charged with murder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7976861000061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela personally met with senior figures of the apartheid regime, including Hendrik Verwoerd's widow, Betsie Schoombie, and lawyer Percy Yutar, also laying a wreath by the statue of Afrikaner hero Daniel Theron. Emphasising personal forgiveness and reconciliation, he announced that \"courageous people do not fear forgiving, for the sake of peace.\" He encouraged black South Africans to get behind the previously hated national rugby team, the Springboks, as South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup. After the Springboks won a celebrated final against New Zealand, Mandela presented the trophy to captain Francois Pienaar, an Afrikaner, wearing a Springbok shirt with Pienaar's own number 6 on the back. This was widely seen as a major step in the reconciliation of white and black South Africans; as de Klerk later put it, \"Mandela won the hearts of millions of white rugby fans.\" Mandela's efforts at reconciliation assuaged the fears of whites, but also drew criticism from more militant blacks. Among the latter was his estranged wife, Winnie, who accused the ANC of being more interested in appeasing the white community than in helping the black majority.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.176419734954834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela oversaw the formation of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate crimes committed under apartheid by both the government and the ANC, appointing Desmond Tutu as its chair. To prevent the creation of martyrs, the Commission granted individual amnesties in exchange for testimony of crimes committed during the apartheid era. Dedicated in February 1996, it held two years of hearings detailing rapes, torture, bombings, and assassinations, before issuing its final report in October 1998. Both de Klerk and Mbeki appealed to have parts of the report suppressed, though only de Klerk's appeal was successful. Mandela praised the Commission's work, stating that it \"had helped us move away from the past to concentrate on the present and the future\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.158538341522217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela's administration inherited a country with a huge disparity in wealth and services between white and black communities. Of a population of 40 million, around 23 million lacked electricity or adequate sanitation, and 12 million lacked clean water supplies, with 2 million children not in school and a third of the population illiterate. There was 33% unemployment, and just under half of the population lived below the poverty line. Government financial reserves were nearly depleted, with a fifth of the national budget being spent on debt repayment, meaning that the extent of the promised Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was scaled back, with none of the proposed nationalisation or job creation. In 1996, the RDP was replaced with a new policy, Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR), which maintained South Africa's mixed economy but placed an emphasis on economic growth through a framework of market economics and the encouragement of foreign investment; many in the ANC derided it as a neo-liberal policy that did not undermine social inequality, no matter how Mandela defended it. In adopting this approach, Mandela's government adhered to the \"Washington consensus\" advocated by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.73289680480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Under Mandela's presidency, welfare spending increased by 13% in 1996/97, 13% in 1997/98, and 7% in 1998/99. The government introduced parity in grants for communities, including disability grants, child maintenance grants, and old-age pensions, which had previously been set at different levels for South Africa's different racial groups. In 1994, free healthcare was introduced for children under six and pregnant women, a provision extended to all those using primary level public sector health care services in 1996. By the 1999 election, the ANC could boast that due to their policies, 3 million people were connected to telephone lines, 1.5 million children were brought into the education system, 500 clinics were upgraded or constructed, 2 million people were connected to the electricity grid, water access was extended to 3 million people, and 750,000 houses were constructed, housing nearly 3 million people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.532593727111816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The Land Restitution Act of 1994 enabled people who had lost their property as a result of the Natives Land Act, 1913 to claim back their land, leading to the settlement of tens of thousands of land claims. The Land Reform Act 3 of 1996 safeguarded the rights of labour tenants who live and grow crops or graze livestock on farms. This legislation ensured that such tenants could not be evicted without a court order or if they were over the age of 65. Recognising that arms manufacturing was a key industry in South Africa, Mandela endorsed the trade in weapons but brought in tighter regulations surrounding Armscor to ensure that South African weaponry was not sold to authoritarian regimes. Under Mandela's administration, tourism was increasingly promoted, becoming a major sector of the South African economy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.548333168029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Critics like Edwin Cameron accused Mandela's government of doing little to stem the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the country; by 1999, 10% of South Africa's population were HIV positive. Mandela later admitted that he had personally neglected the issue, in part due to public reticence in discussing issues surrounding sex in South Africa, and that he had instead left the issue for Mbeki to deal with. Mandela also received criticism for failing to sufficiently combat crime, with South Africa having one of the world's highest crime rates, and the activities of international crime syndicates in the country growing significantly throughout the decade. Mandela's administration was also perceived as having failed to deal with the problem of corruption. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.786418437957764, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Further problems were caused by the exodus of thousands of skilled white South Africans from the country, who were escaping the increasing crime rates, higher taxes, and the impact of positive discrimination toward blacks in employment. This exodus resulted in a brain drain, with Mandela criticising those who left. At the same time, South Africa experienced an influx of millions of illegal migrants from poorer parts of Africa; although public opinion toward these illegal immigrants was generally unfavourable, characterising them as disease-spreading criminals who were a drain on resources, Mandela called on South Africans to embrace them as \"brothers and sisters\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.317363739013672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela expressed the view that \"South Africa's future foreign relations [should] be based on our belief that human rights should be the core of international relations\". Following the South African example, Mandela encouraged other nations to resolve conflicts through diplomacy and reconciliation. In September 1998, Mandela was appointed Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement, who held their annual conference in Durban. He used the event to criticise the \"narrow, chauvinistic interests\" of the Israeli government in stalling negotiations to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and urged India and Pakistan to negotiate to end the Kashmir conflict, for which he was criticised by both Israel and India. Inspired by the region's economic boom, Mandela sought greater economic relations with East Asia, in particular with Malaysia, although this was scuppered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. He attempted to overcome the 'Two China Problem' by extending diplomatic recognition to both the People's Republic of China (PRC), who were growing as an economic force, and Taiwan, who were already longstanding investors in the South African economy. However, under pressure from the PRC, in November 1996 he cut recognition of Taiwan, and in May 1999 paid an official visit to Beijing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.697913646697998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela attracted controversy for his close relationship with Indonesian President Suharto, whose regime was responsible for mass human rights abuses, although on a July 1997 visit to Indonesia he privately urged him to withdraw from the occupation of East Timor. He also faced similar criticism from the West for his government's trade links to Syria, Cuba, and Libya, and for his personal friendships with Fidel Castro and Muammar Gaddafi. Castro visited in 1998 to widespread popular acclaim, and Mandela met Gaddafi in Libya to award him the Order of Good Hope. When Western governments and media criticised these visits, Mandela lambasted such criticism as having racist undertones, and stated that \"the enemies of countries in the West are not our enemies.\" Mandela hoped to resolve the long-running dispute between Libya, and the US and Britain, over bringing to trial the two Libyans, Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, who were indicted in November 1991 and accused of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103. Mandela proposed that they be tried in a third country, which was agreed to by all parties; governed by Scots law, the trial was held at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands in April 1999, and found one of the two men guilty. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.098501205444336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela echoed Mbeki's calls for an \"African Renaissance\", and was greatly concerned with issues on the continent. He took a soft diplomatic approach to removing Sani Abacha's military junta in Nigeria but later became a leading figure in calling for sanctions when Abacha's regime increased human rights violations. In 1996, he was appointed Chairman of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and initiated unsuccessful negotiations to end the First Congo War in Zaire. He also played a key role as a mediator in the ethnic conflict between Tutsi and Hutu political groups in the Burundian Civil War, helping to initiate a settlement which brought increased stability to the country but did not end the ethnic violence. In South Africa's first post-apartheid military operation, in September 1998 it ordered troops into Lesotho in order to protect the government of Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili after a disputed election prompted opposition uprisings. The action was not authorised by Mandela himself, who was out of the country at the time, but by Buthelezi, who was serving as acting president during Mandela's absence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.691110610961914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The new Constitution of South Africa was agreed upon by parliament in May 1996, enshrining a series of institutions to check political and administrative authority within a constitutional democracy. De Klerk opposed the implementation of this constitution, and that month he and the National Party withdrew from the coalition government in protest, claiming that the ANC were not treating them as equals. The ANC took over the cabinet positions formerly held by the Nationalists, with Mbeki becoming sole Deputy President. Inkatha remained part of the coalition, and when both Mandela and Mbeki were out of the country in September 1998, Buthelezi was appointed \"Acting President\", marking an improvement in his relationship with Mandela. Although Mandela had often governed decisively in his first two years as President, he had subsequently increasingly delegated duties to Mbeki, retaining only a close personal supervision of intelligence and security measures. During a 1997 visit to London, he said that \"the ruler of South Africa, the de facto ruler, is Thabo Mbeki\" and that he was \"shifting everything to him\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.101457595825195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela stepped down as ANC President at the party's December 1997 conference. He hoped that Ramaphosa would succeed him, believing Mbeki to be too inflexible and intolerant of criticism, but the ANC elected Mbeki regardless. Replacing Mbeki as Deputy President, Mandela and the Executive supported the candidacy of Jacob Zuma, a Zulu who had been imprisoned on Robben Island, but he was challenged by Winnie, whose populist rhetoric had gained her a strong following within the party; Zuma defeated her in a landslide victory vote at the election.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.209781646728516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela's relationship with Machel had intensified; in February 1998, he publicly stated that he was \"in love with a remarkable lady\", and under pressure from his friend Desmond Tutu, who urged him to set an example for young people, he organised a wedding for his 80th birthday, in July that year. The following day, he held a grand party with many foreign dignitaries. Although the 1996 constitution allowed the president to serve two consecutive five-year terms, Mandela had never planned to stand for a second term in office. He gave his farewell speech to Parliament on 29 March 1999 when it adjourned prior the 1999 general elections, after which he retired. Although opinion polls in South Africa showed wavering support for both the ANC and the government, Mandela himself remained highly popular, with 80% of South Africans polled in 1999 expressing satisfaction with his performance as president.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.682496547698975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Retiring in June 1999, Mandela sought a quiet family life, to be divided between Johannesburg and Qunu. He set about authoring a sequel to his first autobiography, to be titled The Presidential Years, but it was abandoned before publication. Finding such seclusion difficult, he reverted to a busy public life with a daily programme of tasks, met with world leaders and celebrities, and, when in Johannesburg, worked with the Nelson Mandela Foundation, founded in 1999 to focus on rural development, school construction, and combating HIV/AIDS. Although he had been heavily criticised for failing to do enough to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic during his presidency, he devoted much of his time to the issue following his retirement, describing it as \"a war\" that had killed more than \"all previous wars\"; affiliating himself with the Treatment Action Campaign, he urged Mbeki's government to ensure that HIV-positive South Africans had access to anti-retrovirals. Mandela was successfully treated for prostate cancer in July 2001. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.400516510009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "In 2002, Mandela inaugurated the Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture, and in 2003 the Mandela Rhodes Foundation was created at Rhodes House, University of Oxford, to provide postgraduate scholarships to African students. These projects were followed by the Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and the 46664 campaign against HIV/AIDS. He gave the closing address at the XIII International AIDS Conference in Durban in 2000, and in 2004, spoke at the XV International AIDS Conference in Bangkok, Thailand, there urging for greater measures to tackle tuberculosis as well as HIV/AIDS. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.552745819091797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Publicly, Mandela became more vocal in criticising Western powers. He strongly opposed the 1999 NATO intervention in Kosovo and called it an attempt by the world's powerful nations to police the entire world. In 2003, he spoke out against the plans for the US and UK to launch a war in Iraq, describing it as \"a tragedy\" and lambasting US President George W. Bush and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair for undermining the UN, saying, \"All that (Mr. Bush) wants is Iraqi oil\". He attacked the US more generally, asserting that it had committed more \"unspeakable atrocities\" across the world than any other nation, citing the atomic bombing of Japan; this attracted international controversy, although he later reconciled his relationship with Blair. Retaining an interest in Libyan-UK relations, he visited Megrahi in Barlinnie prison and spoke out against the conditions of his treatment, referring to them as \"psychological persecution\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.018500328063965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In June 2004, aged 85 and amid failing health, Mandela announced that he was \"retiring from retirement\" and retreating from public life, remarking, \"Don't call me, I will call you.\" Although continuing to meet with close friends and family, the Foundation discouraged invitations for him to appear at public events and denied most interview requests.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.665506362915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 2004, Mandela successfully campaigned for South Africa to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup, declaring that there would be \"few better gifts for us\" in the year marking a decade since the fall of apartheid. Mandela emotionally raised the FIFA World Cup Trophy after South Africa was awarded host status. Despite maintaining a low profile during the event due to ill-health, Mandela made his final public appearance during the World Cup closing ceremony, where he received a \"rapturous reception\". Between 2005 and 2013, Mandela, and later his family, were embroiled in a series of legal disputes regarding money held in family trusts for the benefit of his descendants. In mid-2013, as Mandela was hospitalised for a lung infection in Pretoria, his descendants were involved in an intra-family legal dispute relating to the burial place of Mandela's children, and ultimately Mandela himself. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.575406074523926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In February 2011, Mandela was briefly hospitalised with a respiratory infection, attracting international attention, before being re-hospitalised for a lung infection and gallstone removal in December 2012. After a successful medical procedure in early March 2013, his lung infection recurred and he was briefly hospitalised in Pretoria. In June 2013, his lung infection worsened and he was rehospitalised in Pretoria in a serious condition. Cape Town Archbishop Thabo Makgoba visited Mandela at the hospital and prayed with Machel, while Zuma cancelled a trip to Mozambique to visit him the following day. In September 2013, Mandela was discharged from hospital, although his condition remained unstable. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.786424160003662, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "After suffering from a prolonged respiratory infection, Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at the age of 95, at around 20:50 local time (UTC+2) at his home in Houghton, surrounded by his family. Zuma publicly announced his death on television, proclaiming ten days of national mourning, a memorial service held at Johannesburg's FNB Stadium on 10 December 2013, and 8 December as a national day of prayer and reflection. Mandela's body lay in state from 11 to 13 December at the Union Buildings in Pretoria and a state funeral was held on 15 December in Qunu. Approximately 90 representatives of foreign states travelled to South Africa to attend memorial events. Images of and tributes to Mandela proliferated across social media. His $4.1 million estate was left to his widow, other family members, staff, and educational institutions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.2833833694458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela was a practical politician, rather than an intellectual scholar or political theorist. According to biographer Tom Lodge, \"for Mandela, politics has always been primarily about enacting stories, about making narratives, primarily about morally exemplary conduct, and only secondarily about ideological vision, more about means rather than ends.\" Mandela identified as both an African nationalist, an ideological position he held since joining the ANC, and a democratic socialist. He advocated the ultimate establishment of a classless society, with Sampson describing him as \"openly opposed to capitalism, private land-ownership and the power of big money\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.147100448608398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela was influenced by Marxism, and during the revolution he advocated scientific socialism. During the Treason Trial, he denied being a communist, maintaining this stance when later talking to journalists. Conversely, biographer David Jones Smith stated that Mandela \"embraced communism and communists\" in the late 1950s and early 1960s, while historian Stephen Ellis found evidence that Mandela had been an active member of the South African Communist Party (SACP). This was confirmed after his death by the SACP and the ANC. According to the SACP, he was not only a member of the party, but also served on the party's Central Committee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.35890007019043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The 1955 Freedom Charter, which Mandela had helped create, called for the nationalisation of banks, gold mines and land, believing this necessary to ensure equal distribution of wealth. Despite these beliefs, Mandela initiated a programme of privatisation during his presidency in line with trends in other countries of the time. It has been repeatedly suggested that Mandela would have preferred to develop a social democratic economy in South Africa but that this was not feasible as a result of the international political and economic situation during the early 1990s. This decision was in part influenced by the fall of the socialist states in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc during the early 1990s. In contrast, China was developing rapidly within a \"socialist market economy\" and Mandela began to quote Deng Xiaoping's aphorism, \"It doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.037168502807617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela took political ideas from other thinkers, among them Indian independence leaders like Gandhi and Nehru, African-American activists, and African nationalists like Nkrumah, and fitted them into the South African situation. At the same time he rejected other aspects of their thought, such as the anti-white sentiment of many African nationalists. He also synthesized both counter-cultural and hegemonic views, for instance by drawing upon ideas from Afrikaner nationalism. Although he presented himself in an autocratic manner in several speeches, he was a devout believer in democracy and abided by majority decisions even when deeply disagreeing with them. His political thought nevertheless exhibited tensions between his support for liberal democracy and pre-colonial African forms of consensus decision making. He held a conviction that \"inclusivity, accountability and freedom of speech\" were the fundamentals of democracy, and was driven by a belief in natural and human rights, pursuing not only racial equality but also promoting gay rights as part of the post-apartheid reforms. His political development was strongly influenced by his legal training and practice, in particular his hope to achieve change not through violence but through \"legal revolution\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.984002590179443, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "Mandela was widely considered a charismatic leader, with biographer Mary Benson describing him as having been \"a born mass leader who could not help magnetizing people\". He was highly image conscious and throughout his life always sought out fine quality clothes, with many commentators believing that he carried himself in a regal manner. His aristocratic heritage was repeatedly emphasised by supporters, thus contributing to his \"charismatic power\". While living in Johannesburg in the 1950s, he cultivated the image of the \"African gentleman\", having \"the pressed clothes, correct manners, and modulated public speech\" associated with such a position. In doing so, Lodge argued that Mandela became \"one of the first media politicians [...] embodying a glamour and a style that projected visually a brave new African world of modernity and freedom\". In the 1990s, he came to be associated closely with the highly coloured \"Madiba shirts\" that he began wearing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.981673240661621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "His official biographer, Anthony Sampson, commented that he was a \"master of imagery and performance\", excelling at presenting himself well in press photographs and producing sound bites. His public speeches were presented in a formal, stiff manner, and often consisted of clichéd set phrases. Although not considered a great orator, his speeches conveyed \"his personal commitment, charm and humour\". In describing his life, Mandela stated, \"I was not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinary circumstances.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.497109413146973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela was a private person who often concealed his emotions and confided in very few people. Privately, he lived an austere life, refusing to drink alcohol or smoke, and even as President made his own bed. Renowned for his mischievous sense of humour, he was known for being both stubborn and loyal, and at times exhibited a quick temper. He was typically friendly and welcoming, and appeared relaxed in conversation with everyone, including his opponents. Constantly polite and courteous, he was attentive to all, irrespective of their age or status, and often talked to children or servants. He was known for his ability to find common ground with very different communities. In later life, he always looked for the best in people, even defending political opponents to his allies, who sometimes thought him too trusting of others. He was raised in the Methodist denomination of Christianity, with the Methodist Church of Southern Africa claiming that he retained his allegiance to them throughout his life. An analysis of his writings have led to him being described by theologian Dion Forster as a Christian humanist, who relied more upon Ubuntu than Christian theology. According to Sampson, Mandela however never had \"a strong religious faith\", while Boehmer stated that Mandela's religious belief was \"never robust\". He was fond of Indian cuisine, and had a lifelong interest in archaeology and boxing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.549805641174316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "Mandela was heterosexual, with biographer Fatima Meer stating that he was \"easily tempted\" by women. Another biographer, Martin Meredith, characterised him as being \"by nature a romantic\", highlighting that he had relationships with various women. Mandela was married three times, fathered six children, and had seventeen grandchildren and at least seventeen great-grandchildren. He could be stern and demanding of his children, although he was more affectionate with his grandchildren. His first marriage was to Evelyn Ntoko Mase in October 1944; they divorced after 13 years in 1957 under the multiple strains of his adultery and constant absences, devotion to revolutionary agitation, and the fact that she was a Jehovah's Witness, a religion requiring political neutrality. The couple had two sons whom Mandela survived, Madiba \"Thembi\" Thembekile (1945–1969) and Makgatho Mandela (1950–2005); his first son died in a car crash and his second son died of AIDS. The couple had two daughters, both named Makaziwe Mandela (born 1947 and 1954); the first died at the age of nine months, the second, known as \"Maki\", survived Mandela. Makgatho's son, Mandla Mandela, became chief of the Mvezo tribal council in 2007. Mandela's second wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, also came from the Transkei area, although they too met in Johannesburg, where she was the city's first black social worker. They had two daughters, Zenani and Zindzi. In 1995, he divorced Winnie, and married Graça Machel on his 80th birthday in 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.048577308654785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "By the time of his death, within South Africa Mandela was widely considered both \"the father of the nation\" and \"the founding father of democracy\". Outside of South Africa, he was a \"global icon\", with the scholar of South African studies Rita Barnard describing him as \"one of the most revered figures of our time\". One biographer considered him \"a modern democratic hero\", while his popularity had resulted in a cult of personality building up around him. He is often cited alongside Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. as one of the 20th century's exemplary anti-racist and anti-colonial leaders. Boehmer described him as \"a totem of the totemic values of our age: toleration and liberal democracy\" and \"a universal symbol of social justice\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.813234329223633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela's international fame had emerged during his incarceration in the 1980s, when he became the world's most famous prisoner, a symbol of the anti-apartheid cause, and an icon for millions who embraced the ideal of human equality. In 1986, Mandela biographer Mary Benson characterised him as \"the embodiment of the struggle for liberation\" in South Africa. Meredith stated that in becoming \"a potent symbol of resistance\" to apartheid during the 1980s, he had gained \"mythical status\" internationally. Sampson commented that even during his life, this myth had become \"so powerful that it blurs the realities\", converting Mandela into \"a secular saint\". Within a decade of the end of his Presidency, Mandela's era was being widely thought of as \"a golden age of hope and harmony\", with much nostalgia being expressed for it. Across the world, Mandela earned international acclaim for his activism in overcoming apartheid and fostering racial reconciliation, coming to be viewed as \"a moral authority\" with a great \"concern for truth\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.574128150939941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela generated controversy throughout his career as an activist and politician, having detractors on both the radical left and right. Some voices in the ANC accused him of selling out for agreeing to enter negotiations with the apartheid government. Concerns were raised that the personal respect and authority he accrued were in contrast to the ideals of democracy that he promoted. His government would be criticised for its failure to deal with the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and to promote an economic model that benefited South Africa's poor. During the 1980s, Mandela was widely labelled a terrorist by prominent political figures in the Western world for his embrace of political violence. Thatcher attracted international attention for describing the ANC as \"a typical terrorist organisation\" in 1987, although she later called on Botha to release Mandela. Mandela has also been criticised for his friendship with political leaders such as Castro, Gaddafi, and Suharto – deemed dictators by critics – as well as his refusal to condemn their human rights violations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.450448513031006, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1993, he received the joint Nobel Peace Prize with de Klerk. In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed Mandela's birthday, 18 July, as \"Mandela Day\", marking his contribution to the anti-apartheid struggle. It called on individuals to donate 67 minutes to doing something for others, commemorating the 67 years that Mandela had been a part of the movement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.203788757324219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Awarded the US Presidential Medal of Freedom and appointment to the Order of Canada, he was also the first living person to be made an honorary Canadian citizen. Mandela was the last recipient of the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize and the first recipient of the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights. In 1990, he received the Bharat Ratna Award from the Government of India, and in 1992 received Pakistan's Nishan-e-Pakistan. The same year, he was awarded the Atatürk Peace Award by Turkey; he at first refused the award, citing human rights violations committed by Turkey at the time, but later accepted the award in 1999. Queen Elizabeth II appointed him as a Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of St. John (upon the recommendation of the order's Honours and Awards Committee) and granted him membership in the Order of Merit (a personal gift of the monarch). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.937131404876709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The first biography of Mandela was authored by Mary Benson, based on brief interviews with him that she had conducted in the 1960s. Two authorised biographies were later produced by friends of Mandela. The first was Fatima Meer's Higher Than Hope, which was heavily influenced by Winnie and thus placed great emphasis on Mandela's family. The second was Anthony Sampson's Mandela, published in 1999. Other biographies included Martin Meredith's Mandela, first published in 1997, and Tom Lodge's Mandela, brought out in 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9811177253723145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Since the late 1980s, Mandela's image began to appear on a proliferation of items, among them \"photographs, paintings, drawings, statues, public murals, buttons, t-shirts, refrigerator magnets, and more\", items that have been characterised as \"Mandela kitsch\". Following his death, there appeared many internet memes featuring images of Mandela with his inspirational quotes superimposed onto them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8912153244018555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Many artists have dedicated songs to Mandela. One of the most popular was from The Special AKA who recorded the song \"Free Nelson Mandela\" in 1983, which Elvis Costello also recorded and had a hit with. Stevie Wonder dedicated his 1985 Oscar for the song \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\" to Mandela, resulting in his music being banned by the South African Broadcasting Corporation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.147188663482666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela has been depicted in cinema and television on multiple occasions. He was portrayed by Danny Glover in the 1987 HBO television film Mandela. The 1997 film Mandela and de Klerk starred Sidney Poitier as Mandela, and Dennis Haysbert played him in Goodbye Bafana (2007). In the 2009 BBC telefilm Mrs Mandela, Mandela was portrayed by David Harewood, and Morgan Freeman portrayed him in Invictus (2009). Terrence Howard portrayed him in the 2011 film Winnie Mandela. He was portrayed by Idris Elba in the 2013 film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.51440954208374, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Rolihlahla", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33680248260498, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "Madiba", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274815559387207, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "This isiXhosa word means “father” and is a term of endearment that many South Africans use for Mr Mandela. Since he was a father figure to many, they call him Tata regardless of their own age.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.881078720092773, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mr Mandela", "passage": "Mr Mandela is often referred to as “Khulu”, which means great, paramount, grand. The speaker means “Great One” when referring to Mr Mandela in this way. It is also a shortened form of the isiXhosa word “Tat'omkhulu” for “grandfather”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.977499008178711, "source": "search", "title": "Names – Nelson Mandela Foundation" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Watch Mandela's 'walk to freedom' in 1990", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4684882164001465, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "Rolihlahla - his birth name, given to him by his father. In his native language of Xhosa it means “pulling the branch of a tree”, but colloquially it means “troublemaker”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.048587799072266, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "Tata - in Xhosa, the language of the Madiba tribe, the word means “father”, but it is a term of endearment given to him by many South Africans regardless of their age.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337676048278809, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Dalibhunga – the name he was given aged 16, after undergoing Xhosa initiation. It means “creator or founder of the council”. The correct use of this name when greeting Mandela was “Aaah! Dalibhunga”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.101738452911377, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "How will you remember Nelson Mandela? Please email your tributes and memories to mandelatributes@telegraph.co.uk", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.633988857269287, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela, Madiba, Tata - what's in a name? - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela in Umtata, in his first suit,presented to him by the regent. Source: Mayibuye Centre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.233203887939453, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "After the death of his father in 1927 , Mandela was placed under the care of his father’s cousin, Jongintaba Dalindyebo, the Regent of the Thembu people. He enrolled at Clarkebury which was the oldest Wesleyan mission and education centre in area of the Thembu people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.194883346557617, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Upon completing his studies at Clarkebury, he attended high school at Healdtown Methodist Boarding School. Amongst other subjects he studied history which was an entirely Eurocentric curriculum focused on British history. However, his history teacher, Weaver Newana, adds his own oral history to the narratives about the previous century's frontier wars between the Xhosa and the British colonists. Mandela was the first member of his family to attend high school and when he matriculated at Healdtown in 1938 he formed part of a very small number of Black pupils who had attained a high school education in the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.165417671203613, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The patronage of the paramount chief resulted in Mandela joining the chief’s son, Justice, when they were sent to the only university for Blacks (African, Coloured and Indian) at Fort Hare near Alice in the Eastern Cape. At Fort Hare, Mandela studied English, Anthropology, Politics, Native Administration and Roman Dutch Law. He also took up sports excelling in long distance running and boxing. During this period, Mandela befriended African, Indian and Coloured students, many of whom went on to play leading roles in the South African liberation struggle and in the anti-colonial struggle in other African countries. One of Mandela’s fellow students was  Oliver Tambo . They would become business partners, close comrades and lifelong friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.569264888763428, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela did not complete his degree at Fort Hare. He was involved in a dispute related to the election process of the Student Representative Council. Mandela refused to take his seat on the council because he disagreed with the way the elections were run. After he rejected the university’s ultimatum either to take the seat to which he was elected or face expulsion, the university gave him until the end of the student holidays to think the matter through, but he felt there were principles at stake that could not be compromised. He informed his guardian that he would not be returning to Fort Hare and stubbornly stood his ground when the Regent pleaded with him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.370781898498535, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The Regent Jongintaba Dalindyebo had coincidently also made arrangements for his son Justice and Mandela to marry two young women he had chosen for them. Both young men decided to defy the Regent, stole two of his cattle and sold them to raise funds to secretly leave for Johannesburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.615368843078613, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela found temporary lodging in Alexandra township and communicated to the Regent his regret at defying and disrespecting him. Mandela convinced the Regent that he wanted to further his studies in Johannesburg and received the Regent’s consent to remain in Johannesburg as well as financial support. A few months into his stay in Johannesburg, Mandela was introduced to a young estate agent named  Walter Sisulu  who immediately took him under his wing. Mandela moved in with Sisulu and his mother at their home in Orlando, Soweto. Sisulu became Mandela’s lifelong friend, political mentor and closest political confidant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6543450355529785, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Sisulu found a White firm of attorneys who were prepared to give Mandela a job and register him as an articled clerk , an exceedingly rare offer in segregated South Africa. While working at the firm Mandela enrolled for a BA degree in law at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits).  At Wits he befriended fellow students Ismael Chota Meer , J. Singh, Joe Slovo and Ruth First , all of whom were members of the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA, renamed later as the South African Communist Party ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.24935245513916, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela became very close to I.C. Meer and J.N. Singh, both of whom played leading roles under the leadership of Dr. Yusuf Dadoo in turning the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses into mass-based and militant organisations. Both Meer and Singh served prison terms during the 1946 Indian Passive Resistance campaign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.350130081176758, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The exact date of Mandela’s fathers death date is unclear, however, most sources state 1927.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.848399639129639, "source": "search", "title": "Childhood and education (1918-1930s) | South African ..." }, { "answer": "Rolihlahla", "passage": "On Sunday, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela will be buried in his home town of Qunu. Two potential headaches for newsreaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.705329895019531, "source": "search", "title": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "For the South African village of Qunu, where Mandela will be buried on Sunday, we recommend the anglicised pronunciation: KOO-noo (-k as in king, -oo as in moon). In Xhosa, the q represents a click - but there are few broadcasters, excluding native Xhosa speakers, who could master 18 different clicks accurately.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.719482898712158, "source": "search", "title": "How to pronounce Qunu and Mandela’s middle name - BBC" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela’s fame rests on his role as a revolutionary leader who spent nearly seven decades of his life in the struggle against white minority rule and for a free and democratic non-racial society. His greatness lies in the fact that he is a visionary, a democrat and international political leader who exercises his influence and leadership with humility and respect for his colleagues and opponents alike. He is, above all, a man who is stubborn in his resolve to fight all forms of discrimination, injustice and inequality.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.092530250549316, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On the 5th of December Mandela passed away at 8.50pm at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, surrounded by his wife,  Graça Machel and members of his family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.603883743286133, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela in Umtata, in his first suit, presented to him by the Regent, Jongintaba. © Mayibuye Centre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.539718151092529, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1930 when his father died, Mandela was placed under the care of his father’s cousin, David Dalindyebo , the acting paramount chief of the Thembu. Mandela was the first member of his family to attend high school and when he matriculated at Healdtown Methodist Boarding School in 1938 he formed part of a very small number of black pupils who had attained a high school education in the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.319790840148926, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The patronage of Mandela’s relative the paramount chief resulted in Mandela joining the chief’s sons, Justice when they were sent to the only university for Blacks (African, Coloured and Indian) at Fort Hare near Alice in the Eastern Cape . At Fort Hare, Mandela befriended African, Indian and Coloured students, many of whom went on to play leading roles in the South African liberation struggle and in the anti-colonial struggle in some African countries. One of Mandela’s fellow students was  Oliver Tambo . They would become business partners, close comrades and lifelong friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8439459800720215, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela did not complete his degree at Fort Hare. He was involved in a dispute related to elections of the Student Representative Council. Mandela refused to take his seat on the council because he disagreed with the way the elections were run. After he rejected the university’s ultimatum to take the seat to which the was elected or face expulsion, the university gave him until the end of the student holidays to think the matter through, but he felt there were principles at stake that could not be compromised. He informed his guardian that he was not going back to Fort Hare and stubbornly stood his ground when the Regent, Jongintaba , pleaded with him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.056078910827637, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The Regent had coincidently also made arrangements for his son Justice and Mandela to marry two young women chosen by the Regent. Both young men decided to defy the Regent, stole two of his cattle and used them to raise funds to secretly leave for Johannesburg .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.272892951965332, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela found temporary lodging in Alexandra townships and communicated to the Regent his regret about defying and disrespecting him. Mandela convinced the Regent that he wanted to further his study in Johannesburg and received the Regent’s consent to remain in Johannesburg as well as financial support.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.403739929199219, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "A few months into his stay in Johannesburg Mandela was introduced to a young estate agent named Walter Sisulu  who immediately took him under his wing. Mandela moved in with Sisulu and his mother in their home in Orland, Soweto . Sisulu became Mandela’s lifelong friend, political mentor and closest political confident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.263660907745361, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Sisulu found Mandela a white firm of attorneys who were prepared to give him a job and register him as an  articled clerk , an exceedingly rare offer in segregated South Africa. While working at the firm Mandela enrolled for a BA degree in law at the University of Witwatersrand (Wits) . At Wits he befriended fellow students I.C. Meer , J. Singh , Joe Slovo and Ruth First, all of whom were members of the South African Communist Party . Mandela became very close to I.C. Meer and J.N. Singh, both of whom played leading roles under the leadership of Dr. Yusuf Dadoo in making the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congress becoming mass-based and militant organisations. Both Meer and Singh served prison terms during the 1946 Indian Passive Resistance campaign .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.487258434295654, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1944 Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and soon became part of a group of young intellectuals that included  Walter Sisulu ,  Oliver Tambo ,  Anton Lembede , and  Ashley Mda . The group articulated its dissatisfaction with the way the ANC was being run, critiqued its policy of appeasement, and became the driving force in the formation of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) in April of the same year. Influenced by the militant action of the Natal and Transvaal Indian Congresses’ Passive Resistance campaign of 1946 and the mineworkers strike, the ANC Youth League began drafting what came to be known as the Programme of Action for the ANC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.589412212371826, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela and Evelyn Mase at Walter Sisulu's wedding in 1944. Photograph: Eli Weinberg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.487368583679199, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Madiba", "passage": "On 15 July 1944 Mandela married Evelyn Mase, a nurse and Walter Sisulu's cousin. The newlyweds moved to live with Evelyn's married sister and became neighbours with EsÁ¢kia (Es'kia) Mphalele , a teacher and later a noted scholar, journalist, writer and activist. In 1945 Evelyn Mandela gave birth to the couple's first child, a boy named Madiba Thembekile (Thembi for short). They were able to get a council house in Orlando, No 8115 which had three rooms, but neither electricity nor an inside toilet. Mandela's younger sister, Nomabandla (Leaby), came to live with them and enrolled at Orlando High School. Evelyn was the breadwinner in the family while Mandela studied law at Wits where he devoted much of his time to politics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.117321968078613, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1948 the National Party narrowly won a Whites-only national election on the platform of a new policy of total racial segregation called  apartheid  (which literally means apartness). By that stage, Mandela was National Secretary of the ANCYL. Mandela, Sisulu and Tambo began lobbying the ANC to embark on militant mass action against a plethora of new laws that the Nationalists were drawing up to give effect to apartheid. The lobbying paid off as at the ANC’s annual conference in December 1949, the Youth League’s  Programme of Action  adopted by the parent organization. Perhaps more importantly for the influence of the ANCYL, Walter Sisulu was elected Secretary General of the ANC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.828036785125732, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "From its inception, the ANCYL was heavily influenced by the strident African nationalism espoused by Anton Lembede, the League’s foremost ideologue. Mandela was a strong advocate of the Lembede line that the ANC should stand on its own and not enter into alliances with the Indian congress, the Communists Party or the Non-European Unity Movement . The Youth League’s policy of going it alone brought it into conflict with the ANC and led to the League opposing some of the most important campaigns of the 1940s, including the Mine Workers Strike, the Passive Resistance Campaign and the cooperation pact signed between the ANC President Dr Xuma and the South African Indian Congress (the ‘Doctor’s Pact’ ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.310107231140137, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1950, when the Communist Party, the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, and the ANC jointly endorsed the Free Speech Convention, Mandela was strident in his criticism, believing that the endorsement undermined the ANC Programme of Action and the ANC’s position as the leading liberation organisation. Notwithstanding his Africanist political stance, Mandela did not allow the issue to influence his personal relationships with Indian, White and African communist leaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.966587543487549, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "A pivotal moment came in May 1950. The ANC, Communist Party and South African Indian Congress jointly called a national strike to protest the proposed banning of the Communist Party. The 'May Day' (1 May) strike was immensely successful and the government responded with unrestrained brutality. This experience was the spark that convinced Mandela that freedom would only come from forging a broad-based non-racial alliance against apartheid and white minority rule. Confronted by opposition from the ANC’s Africanist wing, Mandela stuck by this new position and together with Tambo and Communist Party general secretary Moses Kotane , they joined their friend Walter Sisulu in forging what came to be known as the Congress Alliance .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.271525382995605, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela burns his passbook in an act of Defiance against apartheid pass laws. Photograph: Eli Weinberg, UWC Robben Island Mayibuye Archives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0163116455078125, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "During the  Defiance Campaign , Mandela emerged as one of the most influential leaders of the liberation struggle, alongside  Walter Sisulu  and  Chief Albert Luthuli . Mandela was the public spokesperson and leader of the campaign and was appointed National 'Volunteer-in-chief'. Together with Maulvi Cachalia of the Indian Congress, Mandela travelled around South Africa enlisting volunteers to defy apartheid laws. As a consequence, both were charged with recruiting and training ‘congress volunteers’.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.422548294067383, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The campaign officially began on 26 June 1952 when 51 volunteers led by President of the Transvaal Indian Congress   Nana Sita  and Patrick Duncan  entered Boksburg Native Location in defiance of the law that required non-Africans to have permits to enter an African location. In the course of the campaign thousands of volunteers served harsh prison terms, but Mandela was instructed not to break the law or court arrest to ensure that the campaign would not be rendered leaderless should all the leaders be imprisoned at the same time. He was nevertheless arrested on several occasions during the course of the campaign and released after short stints in jail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.90375804901123, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "At the height of the Defiance Campaign, the ANC recognised the likelihood that the organisation would be banned as the Communist Party had been three years earlier. Asked by the ANC executive to devise a contingency plan for such an eventuality, Mandela drew up what became known as the 'M Plan' , which provided for the creation of street-based cell structures. During the same period, Mandela become more and more uneasy with the policy of non-violent resistance, but was held back by the ANC leadership’s strong advocacy of non-violence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.032886505126953, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In December 1952, Tambo joined Mandela as a partner in his legal practice - the first African-run legal partnership in the country. During the next two years Mandela and Tambo worked together in their legal practice defending hundreds of people affected by apartheid laws. Their practice became very successful.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.970697402954102, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "During the same month Mandela and 19 other leading congress alliance activists were arrested and charged under the Suppression of Communism Act . Mandela, like all the others, was sentenced to nine months imprisonment with hard labour, suspended for three years. He was also served with a banning order that prohibited him from attending gatherings for six months and from leaving the Johannesburg magisterial district. For the following nine years his banning orders were repeatedly renewed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.412569046020508, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela with Moses Kotane outside the Old Synagogue, Pretoria, on the day when the last of the accused were finally acquitted. Photograph: Jurgen Schardenberg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.18759822845459, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Although Mandela was officially the deputy national president of the ANC, he was not legally allowed to play any role in ANC activities because of his banning order. However, he continued to meet clandestinely with the ANC and Congress Alliance leadership. Thus, he played a key role in the planning of all the major campaigns during the 1950s. The ANC-led Alliance called off the Defiance Campaign at the end of 1953 after the government passed new legislation proposing very harsh sentences for people breaking apartheid laws.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.714558124542236, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "One of the most important Congress Alliance campaigns was the Freedom Charter campaign . Mandela along with his banned colleagues Dr. Yusuf Dadoo , Moses Kotane and  Joe Slovo played a leading role. The campaign culminated in the convening of the historic  Congress of the People  on 25-26th June 1955 in Kliptown near Soweto. However Mandela, Sisulu and  Ahmed Kathrada could not attend the conference because their banning orders prohibited their participation. They viewed the proceedings of the Kliptown conference from the rooftop of a nearby Indian-owned shop. At the end of 1955, while Mandela was imprisoned for two weeks, his wife moved out of their home. He found his house empty when he was released on bail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.782673835754395, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1958, half way through the trial, Mandela married  Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela , a social worker 16 years younger than him from Bizana in the Transkei.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.578267574310303, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In March 1961, Justice Rumpff found Mandela and the remaining 36 accused not guilty and discharged them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.269240379333496, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1959, with the Treason Trial still in progress, the ANC planned an anti-pass law campaign to begin on 31 March 1960. However, the campaign was pre-empted by the newly formed Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) , which called for mass anti-pass protests on 21 March 1960. Heavily armed police outside a police station in the small southern Transvaal township of Sharpeville opened fire on a peaceful gathering of protesters killing 69 people and wounding more than 200 others, many of whom were shot in the back as they fled. The Sharpeville Massacre  changed the face of South African politics. On 30 March 1960 the government declared a state of emergency , Mandela and 2000 other political activists across all liberation movements were detained.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.091166496276855, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela addressing the All in African Conference at Plessislaer Hall in Pietermaritzburg in 1961. Source: Baileys African History Archive (BAHA)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.204585075378418, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 8 April 1960 the government banned the ANC and PAC. The banning of political organisations and the shutting down of space for political protest prompted Mandela to begin seriously thinking about the armed struggle. The discussion to take up arms against the apartheid regime was also being discussed independently by activists detained under the emergency regulations as well as some leaders who had gone underground across all the remaining anti-apartheid groupings. The underground Communist Party had already smuggled a small group of people out of the country to receive military training in China.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.788193702697754, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela and Tambo’s law firm had virtually collapsed, and Mandela rarely saw his family because of his semi-clandestine life. In August, when the state of emergency was lifted, Tambo was smuggled out of South Africa to establish an ANC office abroad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.571689605712891, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "With the release of political detainees, Mandela immediately became involved in discussions about convening a national convention. He was made secretary of the organising committee of the All-In Africa Conference and secretly travelled around the country preparing for the meeting. The All-In Africa Conference was held in Pietermaritzburg on 22 March 1961 and was attended by 1400 representatives from 145 political, cultural, sports and religious organisations. Mandela's banning order expired on the eve of the conference. Anticipating that his ban would be renewed, he went into hiding and made a dramatic appearance at the conference, where he made his first public speech since his first banning in 1952.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.60338020324707, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The conference appointed him honorary secretary of the All-In African National Action Council, whose task was to organise a three day stay-at-home on 29, 30 and 31 May 1961 to coincide with the proclamation of South Africa as a Republic on 31 May. This was the last public meeting he addressed for the next 29 years. On 3 April 1961 Mandela issued a statement on behalf of the All-in African National Action Council calling on students and scholars to support the stay-at-home campaign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.318597793579102, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Black Pimpernel", "passage": "Immediately after being acquitted in the Treason Trial which began in 1956 Mandela went underground. He and Sisulu secretly travelled around the country organising the strike, and Mandela (nicknamed the Black Pimpernel at the time) remained a fugitive for the next 17 months. Mandela called off the stay-at-home protest on its second day after massive police repression of strikers. The failure of this action was important in changing his political thinking and he became more committed to the formation of  Umkhonto we Sizwe  (the Spear of the Nation, also known as MK) as the military wing of the ANC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.047255992889404, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "At about this time, Mandela and some of his colleagues concluded that violent resistance in South Africa was inevitable and that it was unreasonable for African leaders to continue with their policy of non-violent protest when the government met their demands with force. The decision to form MK, however, was not made by the ANC alone, but by a small leadership group comprised of Mandela, Sisulu and others representing the ANC, and the members of the Communist Party, including Joe Slovo. Thus, MK was jointly formed and launched by the ANC and Communist Party. Mandela was appointed MK's first Commander-in-Chief. The decision to form MK was endorsed by a secret meeting of the Congress Alliance chaired by Chief Albert Luthuli .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.015222549438477, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 11 January 1962 Mandela travelled under a pseudonym to Botswana and made a surprise appearance at the Pan-African Freedom Movement Conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . His address to the conference on 3 February, a few weeks after the first sabotage attacks by MK, explained and justified the turn to violent action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.733797550201416, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "During this trip he received 'guerrilla' training in Morocco by Algerian freedom fighters before travelling to London where he met with leaders of British opposition parties. He returned to South Africa in July and he travelled to Tongaat in Natal to meet with banned ANC President Albert Luthuli. After visiting friends in Durban, he began driving back with his white friend Cecil Williams to Johannesburg disguised as his chauffeur. On 5 August they were stopped and arrested just outside the Natal midlands town of Howick. It is alleged that the police were informed of Mandela’s movements by an American CIA agent based in Durban. Mandela was tried in Pretoria's Old Synagogue and in November 1962 sentenced to five years' imprisonment for incitement and illegally leaving the country. He was imprisoned at Pretoria Central Prison where he met his old friend and political opponent Robert Sobukwe , the leader of the breakaway PAC. Mandela spent seven months at Pretoria Central Prison before he was transferred to Robben Island .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.384987831115723, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In July police raided the underground safe house of the South African Communist Party at Lilliesleaf Farm , Rivonia. Among those arrested  Walter Sisulu ,  Govan Mbeki ,  Raymond Mhlaba ,  Ahmed Kathrada ,  Dennis Goldberg  and  Lionel Bernstein . Police found Mandela's diary of his African tour, documents relating to the manufacture of explosives, and copies of a draft memorandum entitled 'Operation Mayibuye' , which set out the stages and requirements for a 'guerrilla' war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.802325248718262, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The Rivonia Trial , as it came to be known, commenced in October 1963. Mandela was brought from Robben Island to stand trial with the rest of his comrades on charges of sabotage, conspiracy to overthrow the government by revolution, and assisting an armed invasion of South Africa by foreign troops. Mandela and his co-accused were convinced that they would be executed. Mandela, in a statement from the dock at the end of their trial, gave a powerful address in which he explained why he had turned from non-violent protest to armed struggle. ‘ I am Prepared to Die ’, as the statement came to be known, received worldwide publicity and enhanced Mandela’s status as the acknowledged leader of the South African liberation struggle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.366486072540283, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 12 June 1964 all the accused were sentenced to life imprisonment and held at Pretoria Central prison. That same night Mandela and his co-accused were flown by a military plane to Robben Island Prison. Upon arrival at the Robben Island airstrip, Mandela with others were handcuffed, loaded into a vehicle and taken into an old building as B Section, where he would be imprisoned, was still under construction. He was issued with prison clothes, shorts pants, no socks and sandals - not shoes. As the apartheid logic of racial segregation extended to the prison system, African prisoners received different food rations and clothes in contrast to their Indian and Coloured inmates. Mandela and his comrades were held in the Old Jail until 25 June.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.322586059570312, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu chat while working in the Robben Island Prison courtyard. Source: STE Publishers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.655133247375488, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Once construction of B section was complete, Mandela was relocated there. This section housed leaders and politically influential figures in single cells from across political formations, separate from other political prisoners and common law prisoners. The state feared that the influence of those in B Section might spread to other prisoners. Mandela and his comrades was held together and leaders of other South African political organisations. For instance, he shared B Section leading figures of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), African Resistance Movement (ARM) and the National Liberation Front (NLF). In addition, there was also a member of South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO), Andimba Herman Toivo ya Toivo . In the 60s there were about 30 prisoners in B Section.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.483874797821045, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In January 1965 Mandela alongside other B Section prisoners were forced to work at the Lime Quarry where they dug lime which was used to pave roads. He was exposed to the glare of the lime particularly during summer resulting in eye damage despite their three year fight against prison authorities to obtain dark glasses for protection. In 1966 he took part in the hunger strike that was aimed at forcing prison officials to improve the food quality. Daily routine involved working for eight hours a day breaking slate boulders into gravel-sized stones. Prisoners were allowed one letter and one family visit every six months.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.619253158569336, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "While Mandela was in prison, a number of people visited him. His wife Winnie Madikizela Mandela visited him in July 1966 after being granted permission to do so by the government on condition that she had a passbook. The visit was 30 minutes long and their conversations were monitored by prison guards. This was followed by another visit in June 1967. Then the following year in 1968 Mandela was visited by his mother, who was accompanied by his sister Mabel, his eldest daughter Makie and youngest son Makgatho. After visiting him, his mother died a few weeks later and prison authorities refused to grant him permission to bury his mother.  Another tragedy struck in 1969 when his eldest son Thembi died in road accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.139602661132812, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "There were other visits from government officials, members of Parliament and other political figures from outside South Africa. In 1976 the Minister of Prisons Jimmy Kruger visited him and offered to release him on condition that he recognized the independence of the Transkei , and that he goes to live there. Mandela out rightly rejected this overture by Kruger. That same year Helen Suzman , a member of the Progressive Party, visited him in prison. Dennis Healey a British MP from the Labour Party visited Mandela on Robben Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.189566612243652, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In the 1970s prisoners were allowed to keep a vegetable garden after years on petitioning the authorities. Mandela took great interest in gardening. By 1975 Mandela had been reclassified as an “A” group prisoner allowing him three letters and two non contact visits. Between 1975 and 1976, Mandela worked on writing his autobiography. Mac Maharaj was due for release in 1976, and it was felt that Mandela’s biography could be smuggled out of prison by Mac and published on his 60 birthday anniversary in 1978. Mandela spent four months secretly writing his autobiography. His script was re-written by Mac Maharaj and Laloo Chiba into a very small handwriting and hidden in the Maharaj’s study books. Copies of the original manuscripts were wrapped in plastic cocoa containers and buried in the different sections of the garden. As planned, Mac smuggled copies of Mandela’s biography on his release. But, in 1977 when prison authorities began building a wall to completely isolate B Section they discovered the manuscript hidden in the garden. As a consequence, study privileges for Mandela, Kathrada and Sisulu were revoked for four years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.758513450622559, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "On 31 March 1982 Mandela, Walter Sisulu , Raymond Mhlaba and Andrew Mlangeni were transferred from Robben Island to Pollsmoor Prison , while Ahmed Kathrada, Elias Motsoaledi and Govan Mbeki were left behind. They were also finally moved to Pollsmoor in April. That same year a campaign demanding the release of all political prisoners was launched in South Africa and abroad. The campaign was titled ‘Release Nelson Mandela’ and together with the campaign for economic and other sanctions against South Africa become the symbol of the international Anti-Apartheid Movement. For several decades it was the largest social movement in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9881672859191895, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "With the apartheid government reeling under international pressure and mounting internal unrest, state president P.W Botha was forced to issue a statement on 31 January 1985 that he was prepared to release Mandela and other Rivonia Trialists. This was on condition that he renounced violence and the armed struggle. Mandela issued his response through a letter read by his daughter Zinzi Mandela at a United Democratic Front  (UDF) organised Rally in Soweto which rejected the offer. Despite this rejection, Botha repeated his willingness to release Mandela on 15 February under the same conditions stated in the previous statement, but Mandela stood his ground. From July 1986 onwards a small group of the government and intelligence agents visited Mandela to persuade him to renounce the armed struggle. Mandela refused but did not close the door to dialogue with the government. He had contact with government representatives, first with Minister of Justice Kobie Coetzee and subsequently with Minister of Constitutional Development Gerrit Viljoen .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.939988136291504, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In 1988 the ANC and the Mass democratic Movement inside South Africa planned worldwide celebrations to mark Mandela's 70th birthday prepared for mass celebrations inside the country. The government banned all gatherings and arrested some activists and leaders of the birthday celebrations. A 12-hour music concert in London, broadcasted to over 50 countries, drew enormous attention and many foreign countries pressured the South African government to release Mandela.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.814455032348633, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "On 12 August 1988 Mandela was taken to Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town for treatment for fluid on the lungs. He stayed in hospital for six weeks. It was subsequently revealed that he was suffering from tuberculosis. On 31 August he was transferred to the Constantiaberg Medi-Clinic where he was treated until 7 December. From here Mandela was moved to a house in the grounds of the Victor Verster Prison, near Paarl.  On 4 July 1989, Nelson Mandela held a short meeting with State President P.W Botha at Tuynhuys in the Parliamentary precinct. Botha resigned as state president in August 1989 and was succeeded by F.W De Klerk. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.755906105041504, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In December 1989, Mandela met the new state president, FW de Klerk . Unknown to the government, Mandela had kept Oliver Tambo, the President of the ANC in exile informed of his discussions with the government through Mac Maharaj , a former Robben Island prisoner and a confidant of Mandela. Maharaj had secretly entered South African and established a highly sophisticated underground network known as ‘Operation Vula’. In addition to meeting government representatives, Mandela was allowed to meet with senior members of the UDF, the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and other political groups. At this point, the government realised that apartheid was nearing its end, and opted for formal negotiations with the ANC through Mandela.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.967130661010742, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela and his wife Winnie, after his release from Victor Verster Prison, February 1990. Source: Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.358240604400635, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 2 February 1990 State President FW De Klerk announced in his speech upon formally opening Parliament the unbanning of the ANC and all other proscribed political parties; and the release Mandela and all other political prisoners. On Sunday 11 February, after 27 years in prison, Mandela was released from Victor Verster prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.881673812866211, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The following month Mandela travelled to Lusaka to meet the ANC's Executive Committee. He then travelled to Sweden to meet his comrade and friend Oliver Tambo, but had to cut short the rest of his proposed trip abroad as a result of increased unrest in South Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.152856826782227, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In May 1990, Mandela headed an ANC delegation in talks with South African government representatives at Groote Schuur in Cape Town. At the end of the meeting a document known as the Groote Schuur Minute was signed. In June, he began a six week tour of Europe, the United Kingdom, North America and Africa. His reception by heads of state and hundreds of thousands of admirers confirmed his stature as an internationally respected leader. In July that year he attended the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) summit held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia but had to leave for Kenya when he contracted pneumonia. Talks resumed with the South African government in August and in the same month Mandela visited Norway. This was followed by visits to Zambia, India and Australia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.348825931549072, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In February 1991, Mandela met with  Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi , president of the  Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) , in an attempt to end the political violence sweeping Natal and the Transvaal. However, despite their pledges to work towards peace, the violence continued. Mandela then issued an ultimatum to the government, setting a deadline by which it had to fire the Minister of Defence and Minister of Law and Order and end the ongoing violence. He indicated that the ANC would quit the negotiation process if these demands were not met. The government failed to meet these demands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.171005249023438, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela addressing the press after a meeting between the government and the ANC at Groote Schuur. Source: http://news.za.msn.com/", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.185628414154053, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela attended a meeting between the ANC and the PAC in Harare in April 1991 where the movement resolved to work together to oppose apartheid. A joint sub-committee was established to lobby the European Community to reverse its decision to lift bans on steel imports from South Africa. The meeting also agreed to convene a conference of anti-apartheid organisations in support of the demand for a national constituent assembly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.402014255523682, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In June 1991 Mandela attended the OAU summit in Abuja, Nigeria, following which he travelled to the United Kingdom and Belgium. A month later, at the ANC conference in Durban, he was elected ANC president, succeeding the ailing Oliver Tambo. In August Mandela travelled to countries in South America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.250852584838867, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In October 1991, a meeting of the Patriotic Front was held in Durban in an attempt to bring together all the anti-apartheid groupings in the country. All attended with the exception of the Azanian People's Organisation . Policy regarding future negotiations was formulated and the ANC and the PAC began preparatory meetings for the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (Codesa) . However, the PAC could not see its way clear to participate in the convention. In November that year, Mandela travelled to West Africa and the following month met United States President George Bush Snr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.865118980407715, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The first meeting of Codesa, set up to negotiate procedures for constitutional change, was held in December 1991. At the end of the plenary session, after De Klerk had raised the question of disbanding Umkhonto we Sizwe , Mandela delivered a scathing personal attack on him. Mandela argued that even the head of an illegitimate, discredited minority regime should have certain moral standards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.364154815673828, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "During 1992, Mandela continued his programme of extensive international travel, visiting Tunisia, Libya and Morocco. He and De Klerk jointly accepted Unesco’s Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize in Paris on 3 February. At the same time the two men attended the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.16849422454834, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 13 April 1992, Mandela called a press conference at which he stated that he and his wife, Winnie, had agreed to separate as a result of differences which had arisen between them in recent months. Later in April Mandela, De Klerk and the IFP’s Buthelezi addressed a gathering of more than a million members of the Zion Christian Church (ZCC) at Moria, near Pietersburg, and committed themselves to end the ongoing violence and move speedily towards a political settlement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.15427827835083, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "While visiting the Scandinavian countries and Czechoslovakia in May, Mandela suggested that FW de Klerk was personally responsible for the political violence in South Africa. He likened the violence in South Africa to the killing of Jews in Nazi Germany. Mandela also criticised what he felt was the stranglehold imposed on the South African press, which represented White-owned conglomerates; however, he expressed support for a critical, independent and investigative press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.072588920593262, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Following the Boipatong massacre of June 1992, Mandela announced the suspension of negotiations until ANC demands were met, including that the government take steps to end political violence, form a transitional government and move towards the election of a constituent assembly. At the end of June Mandela addressed a Heads of States Summit of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in Dakar, Senegal. The OAU agreed to raise the issue of South Africa's continuing political violence at the United Nations. In July, Mandela and representatives of other South African parties addressed the UN Security Council. Mandela asked the UN to provide continuous monitoring of the violence and submitted documents, which he claimed, proved the 'criminal intent' of the government, both in the instigation of violence and in failing to curb it. He maintained that the government was conducting a 'cold-hearted strategy of state terror to impose its will on negotiations'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.140408039093018, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On his return to South Africa, Mandela called for disciplined and peaceful protest and involved himself in the ANC's mass action campaign. Following violent incidents between ANC supporters in the Transvaal, Mandela admitted that the organisation had disciplinary problems with some of its followers, particularly in township Self-Defence Units and promised to take action against those who abused positions of power and authority.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.984723091125488, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "During 1992, Mandela indicated that the ANC had shifted its economic thinking, particularly with regard to nationalisation. This was no longer viewed as an ideological imperative, but merely as one policy option. He continued to stress the need to redress economic imbalances, but noted that the ANC was aware of both local and international business hostility towards nationalisation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.653912544250488, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela indicated in September 1992 that he was prepared to meet De Klerk on condition that he agreed to fence off township hostels, ban the public display of dangerous weapons and release political prisoners. They met at the end of the month and these bi-lateral talks resulted in the signing of a Record of Understanding between the two leaders, thereby enabling negotiations to resume.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.810301303863525, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "During 1992 and 1993 Mandela repeatedly called for peace. Following the assassination of the  South African Communist Party (SACP)  leader,  Chris Hani , in April 1993, he again called for restraint, discipline and peace. At a rally in Soweto's Jabulani Stadium he was booed by a militant crowd when he tried to convey a message of peace in the wake of the killing. Mandela caused a political row in May when he suggested that South Africa's voting age should be lowered to enable 14 year old children to vote. However, he was persuaded to accept that only people aged 18 and above could vote in the April 1994 elections.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.137235164642334, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In September 1993, after the election date had been set for 27-29 April 1994, Mandela used a visit to the United States of America to urge world business leaders to lift economic sanctions and invest in South Africa. During the latter half of 1993 and early 1994 he campaigned on behalf of the ANC for the 1994 election and addressed a large number of rallies and people's forums. At the same time, he continued his efforts to draw the Freedom Alliance partners (White right wing groups, IFP, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei Bantustan governments) into the election process. However, he ruled out the possibility of delaying the election date to accommodate them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.522525787353516, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In March 1994, following a civil uprising in the Bophuthatswana bantustan, which led to the downfall of the Mangope government, Mandela guaranteed striking civil servants their jobs, but harshly criticised the looting that had occurred during the unrest. In April, last minute talks were held in the Kruger Park between Mandela, De Klerk, Buthelezi and  Zulu King Goodwill Zwelithini  to try to break the deadlock on IFP participation in the elections. The meeting was unsuccessful and was followed by an attempt at international mediation. This, too, failed, but a final effort by Kenyan academic, Washington Okumu, brought the IFP back into the election process. Mandela and De Klerk then signed an agreement regarding the future status of the Zulu King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.636730194091797, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela contested the April 1994 election as the head of the ANC. He cast his vote in Inanda, Durban, on the first day of voting on 27 April 1994. Early in May the  Independent Electoral Commission  (IEC) announced that the ANC had won 62% of the national vote. Mandela indicated his relief that the ANC did not achieve a two-thirds majority, as this would allay fears that it would unilaterally re-write the constitution. He restated his commitment to a government of national unity wherein each party shared in the exercise of power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.825441360473633, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Nelson Mandela casts his vote for the first time in April 1994. Photographer: Paul Weiberg, Permission: Africamediaonline", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.335619926452637, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 9 May, Mandela was elected unopposed as president of South Africa in the first session of the Constituent Assembly. His presidential inauguration took place the next day at the Union Buildings in Pretoria and was attended by the largest gathering of international leaders in South African history, as well as about 100 000 jubilant supporters on the lawns. The ceremony was televised and broadcast internationally. In his inaugural speech Mandela called for a 'time of healing' and stated that his government would fight against discrimination of any kind. He pledged to enter into a covenant to build a society in which all South Africans, Black and White, could walk tall without fear, assured of their rights to human dignity, 'a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.177263259887695, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In his State of the Nation speech in parliament on 24 May 1994 , Mandela announced that R2.5 billion would be allocated in the 1994/95 budget for the government's Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) . His pragmatic economic policy was welcomed by business in general.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.890026092529297, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela continued to draw the right White wing into the negotiation process and in May 1994 held a breakthrough meeting with the leader of the Conservative Party (CP) , Ferdie Hartzenberg. Negotiations also involved a possible meeting with Eugene Terre Blanche , leader of the neo-nazi Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.578525543212891, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In June Mandela attended the OAU summit in Tunis and was appointed second vice-president of the organisation. The following month he held talks with his Angolan, Mozambican and Zairean counterparts in an attempt to further peace-making efforts in Angola. UNITA leader  Jonas Savimbi  welcomed his participation in the peace process.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8904619216918945, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela underwent eye surgery for a cataract in July. The operation was complicated by the fact that his tear glands had been damaged by the alkalinity of the stone at Robben Island where he had done hard labour breaking rocks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.56653881072998, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In September 1994 Mandela made a crucial speech at the annual conference of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) where he called on the labour movement to transform itself from a liberation movement to one that would assist in the building of a new South Africa. He warned that workers would lose their jobs if production costs rose because of unnecessary labour unrest and he called on workers to assist in making the ANC's RDP programme work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.760072231292725, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "The government of national unity nearly collapsed in January 1995 over an alleged secret attempt by two former cabinet ministers and 3 500 police to obtain indemnity on the eve of the April 1994 elections. At a cabinet meeting on 18 January, Mandela attacked Deputy President De Klerk, stating that he did not believe De Klerk was unaware of the indemnity applications. He went on to question De Klerk's commitment to reconciliation. At a press conference on 20 January, De Klerk maintained that this attack on his integrity and good faith could seriously jeopardise the future of the government of national unity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.895162582397461, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In April 1995, Mandela discharged his estranged wife,  Winnie , as Deputy Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology, following a series of controversial issues in which she was involved. She challenged her dismissal in the Supreme Court, claiming that it was unconstitutional. She obtained an affidavit from IFP leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi to the effect that he had not, as a leader of a party in the government of national unity, been consulted about her dismissal. This was a constitutional requirement. Winnie Mandela was then briefly reinstated before being dismissed again, Mandela having consulted with all party leaders involved in the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.473978042602539, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "In May 1995, following a dispute between the IFP and the ANC regarding international mediation for the new constitution, Buthelezi called on Zulus to 'rise and resist' any imposed constitutional dispensation. Mandela accused Buthelezi of encouraging violence and attempting to foment an uprising against central government. In this context, Mandela threatened to cut off central government funding to KwaZulu-Natal, indicating that he would not allow public funds to be used to finance an attempt to overthrow the constitution by violent means. Although a subsequent meeting between the two leaders seemed cordial in tone, the matter of mediation remained an unresolved point of conflict and the ANC’s relationship with the IFP remained strained.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.857654571533203, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela retired from active political life in June 1999 after his first term of office as president. He was succeeded by  Thabo Mbeki , who had been elected as ANC president in 1997. Mandela continued to play an active role in mediating conflicts around the world. For instance, in 2000 he was appointed mediator in the war-torn, Burundi, a mission he accomplished with applause.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.821649074554443, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela retired from active political life in June 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.609367370605469, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela has a son and a daughter from his first marriage to Evelyn Ntoko Mase, a nurse, whom he divorced in 1957. Their third child, Thembi, was killed in a car accident. In 1958 he married Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela , from whom he separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996 after a marriage of 38 years. They have two daughters. He has eighteen grandchildren.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.615260124206543, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Evelyn Mase died on 4 April 2004 and Mandela cut short his overseas trip to attend her funeral. On 10 May 2004 Mandela addressed a joint-sitting of parliament in celebrating a decade of democracy. Throughout the months of April and May, Mandela lobbied intensely in support of South Africa’s bid to host the 2010 World Cup. According to him, it was going to be a befitting present for the 10 years of democracy. On 15 May 2004 he was in Zurich, Switzerland when South Africa was awarded the right to host the 2010 soccer showpiece. Mandela cried openly at the achievement. He said he felt like a 15-year-old boy and the memory would live with him forever.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.990684509277344, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "On 1 June 2004 Mandela announced that he was bowing out of public life to lead a quieter life, issuing the now famous statement: Don't call me, I'll call You, to those who would require his presence at their functions. Though retired from public life, Mandela carried the Olympic torch on Robben Island on 14 June 2004 on its first journey on African soil since the inception of the Olympic Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.449069023132324, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "His 88th birthday celebrations on 18 July 2006 kicked off with a new round of honours, including a photo exhibit and the release of a book called The Meaning of Mandela during the week before his birthday. The event was meant to be part of a series of three, which the Nelson Mandela Foundation would be conducting to celebrate Mandela's birthday, according to Jakes Gerwel , chairman of the foundation's board. The photo exhibition by South African veterans Alf Khumalo and Jurgen Schadeberg capture Mandela's years as a young lawyer and the emergence of Black resistance before he was jailed for 27 years in 1964 and includes photographs of his family.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.862198352813721, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Nelson mandela", "passage": "Events to celebrate the birthday of the ageing statesman that year also included a ceremony to present him and fellow graduates of Fort Hare University with honorary rings, as well as the Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture, to be delivered by South African President Thabo Mbeki. However, he also spent some quiet time with his family. Gifts for his birthday were countless. Among the notable ones were cigars and rum from his old friend, President Fidel Castro of Cuba. Although he retired from active politics and cut down on functions, Mandela still continued to do charitable work. He campaigned for health and educational issues through the Nelson Mandela Foundation and the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9665937423706055, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Mandela and his wife grace Machel wave to people during the closing ceremony of the 2010 World Cup at Soccer City stadium in Johannesburg, Photographer: Michael Kooren, Source: The Guardian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.987762451171875, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "As part of his 89th birthday in 2007, Mandela established The Elders, a group of 12 eminent leaders chaired by Archbishop Desmond Tutu , who aim to use their wisdom to tackle global problems. On 30 April 2008 the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice called the flagging of Mandela on the US terrorist watch lists \"embarrassing”, and US lawmakers’ erased references to Mandela as a terrorist from national databases on 26 June. To celebrate his 90th birthday, the Soweto Heritage Trust began restoration work on Mandela House, in Soweto. The United Nations General Assembly announced on 10 November 2009 that Mandela's birthday would henceforth be known as “Mandela Day” marking his contribution to world freedom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.55504846572876, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Tragedy struck when Zenani, Mandela’s great-granddaughter, was killed in a car accident in June 2010, forcing Mandela to cancel plans to attend the opening of the 2010 World Soccer Cup at Soccer City, Johannesburg. She was buried on 17 June. However, Mandela was able to briefly attend the closing ceremony of the Soccer World Cup at Soccer City, Johannesburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.128436088562012, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "At the beginning of January 2011, Mandela was checked into Milpark Hospital with acute respiratory difficulties but returned home on 28 January. Mandela soon moved back to his home in Qunu, in the Eastern Cape.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.290286540985107, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" }, { "answer": "Mandela", "passage": "Throughout 2012 and 2013 rumours abounded about Mandela's failing health until the nation's worst fears were confirmed on 5 December 2013. Mandela had passed away in Houghton Estate in Johannesburg. His memorial service was held 15 December in the FNB Stadium, Johannesburg and was attended by 91 sitting heads of state and a number of other dignitaries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.042409896850586, "source": "search", "title": "South African History Online - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela" } ]

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[ { "answer": "68", "passage": "Of his three major films, East of Eden (1955), Rebel Without a Cause (1955) and Giant (1956), he lived to see the release of only the first film. Dean died in an automobile accident on Friday, September 30, 1955, and on the day before his death, his \"Eden\" co-star Richard Davalos opened on Broadway, creating the role of Rodolpho in the original production of Arthur Miller 's \"A View from the Bridge\", and the day after Dean's untimely death \"Eden\" co-star Lois Smith opened on Broadway in Sally Benson's play \"The Young and Beautiful\". Ironically, a few years after Dean's appearance in the film \"East of Eden\" - Walter McGinn, played Dean's film role of Caleb Trask in the 1968 premiere Broadway new musical adaptation of \"Eden\", - \"Here's Where I Belong\" - also died in a car accident (March 31, 1977, at age 40).", "precise_score": -2.9935972690582275, "rough_score": -6.058515548706055, "source": "search", "title": "James Dean - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "68", "passage": "Dean's final race occurred in Santa Barbara on Memorial Day, May 30, 1955. He was unable to finish the competition due to a blown piston.Raskin (2005) pp. 47–48; 68–71; 73–74; 78–81; 83–86 His brief career was put on hold when Warner Brothers barred him from all racing during the production of Giant. Dean had finished shooting his scenes and the movie was in post-production when he decided to race again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.202652931213379, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Dean" }, { "answer": "68", "passage": "5. Jimmy’s Apartment on W. 68th St., NYC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.284357070922852, "source": "search", "title": "JAMES DEAN: A Life in Pictures — — Everything’s ..." }, { "answer": "68", "passage": "After Fairmount, they moved on to New York. Dennis captured Jimmy in his W. 68th Street apartment, with a characteristic photographer’s eye for detail. He makes sure to include essential items from around the room in each portrait, giving us clues, we sense, to solving the James Dean puzzle. We sense Jimmy’s love of bullfighting, for example, and we find ourselves looking over his bookshelf, trying to get a sense of who the man was from what he read. (In the book that collects these photos, Stock writes, “Jimmy had a need to be surrounded by books, but I’m not sure he was a real reader.”) I love the salaciousness of Jimmy inviting LIFE Magazine readers into his bedroom. What, we are asked by the bemused expression on his face to imagine, goes on in this movie star’s bed?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.453362464904785, "source": "search", "title": "JAMES DEAN: A Life in Pictures — — Everything’s ..." }, { "answer": "68", "passage": "While a struggling actor in the 1950s, he once lived at 19 West 68th Street, off Manhattan's Central Park West.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.458080291748047, "source": "search", "title": "James Dean - Biography - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Sunken pirate ships", "passage": "[imgleft]http://lh6.ggpht.com/_cQOyQjTP3GY/SzdzZcJpthI/AAAAAAAAAIU/lTv6nE8qBxo/pa-logo.gif[/imgleft]In late September, Barry Clifford will be off to an island off the east coast of Madagascar to do what he does best, explore sunken pirate ships! Clifford is headed to the small island of ÃŽle Sainte-Marie This is the first major expedition that I know of to search for pirate history in the area. It makes sense as these were some of the most pirate infested waters of the Golden Age!", "precise_score": -1.1872450113296509, "rough_score": -3.5484111309051514, "source": "search", "title": "Barry Clifford, at it again! | PiratesAhoy!" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Gray Lady Down", "passage": "Reeve's first role in a Hollywood film was a small part as a submarine officer in the 1978 naval disaster movie Gray Lady Down. He then acted in the play My Life at the Circle Repertory Company with friend William Hurt. ", "precise_score": 8.57056999206543, "rough_score": 7.262996673583984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Christopher Reeve" }, { "answer": "Gray Lady Down", "passage": "Though he had made his feature-film debut with a small role in the undersea adventure Gray Lady Down (1977), Reeve did not become a star until he beat out a number of big name actors, including Robert Redford , Sylvester Stallone , and Clint Eastwood , to don the metallic blue body stocking and red cape in Richard Donner 's 1978 blockbuster Superman: The Movie . Though the film abounded with exuberant, sly humor, Reeve played his Superman straight, giving him great charm, a touch of irony, and a clumsy wistfulness, thereby creating a believable alien hero who masquerades as a bungling newsman and pines for the love of unknowing colleague Lois Lane. The film was one of the year's most popular and earned Reeve a British Academy Award for Most Promising Newcomer. He went on to reprise the role in the film's three sequels, none of which matched the quality and verve of the original.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9469276666641235, "source": "search", "title": "Christopher Reeve | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Jeffrey Thomas Porcaro was born on April 1, 1954, in Hartford, Connecticut, the eldest son of Los Angeles session percussionist Joe Porcaro and his wife, Eileen. His brothers Mike and Steve were also successful studio musicians and members of the band Toto. Porcaro was raised in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles and attended Ulysses S. Grant High School.", "precise_score": 4.357085704803467, "rough_score": 6.45205545425415, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers in rock band Toto - LA Times", "precise_score": 3.1376852989196777, "rough_score": 6.230445861816406, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers in rock band Toto", "precise_score": 3.250701904296875, "rough_score": 6.344623565673828, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "The Grammy-winning rock group Toto in 1984: Mike Porcaro, left, Steve Porcaro, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Lukather and Fergie Frederiksen.", "precise_score": 6.095242500305176, "rough_score": 6.459029197692871, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "The Grammy-winning rock group Toto in 1984: Mike Porcaro, left, Steve Porcaro, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Lukather and Fergie Frederiksen. (Jim Shea / Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images)", "precise_score": 6.081587791442871, "rough_score": 6.714401721954346, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Mike Porcaro, a bass player who performed along with his two brothers in the rock group Toto, dies at 59", "precise_score": 5.557179927825928, "rough_score": 7.511317253112793, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Mike Porcaro, a bass player who performed along with his two brothers in the rock group Toto , died Sunday at his Los Angeles home. He was 59.", "precise_score": 5.320564270019531, "rough_score": 6.984645843505859, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "As a founding member of the Grammy-winning, platinum-selling rock band Toto , songwriter/keyboardist Steve Porcaro had huge pop hits with \"Hold the Line,\" \"Rosanna,\" and \"Make Believe.\" He also co-wrote \"Human Nature\" on Michael Jackson 's 30 million-selling Thriller album. Other members of the band were his brothers Jeff Porcaro and Mike Porcaro , David Paich , David Hungate , Steve Luthaker, Bobby Kimball , Fergie Fredericksen, and Joseph Williams . Toto also became in-demand session musicians, playing on numerous records.", "precise_score": 5.299392223358154, "rough_score": 6.933500289916992, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Porcaro | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Born in Connecticut, Porcaro 's musical roots run deep in his family tree. He started taking piano lessons when he was four years old, though while growing up he spent a lot of time on the baseball field. With his brothers, drummer Jeff Porcaro and bassist Mike Porcaro , Steve began playing in various bands. The Porcaro brothers met David Paich when their fathers, Joe Porcaro and Marty Paich , worked together on Glen Campbell 's TV variety show. The keyboardist later toured with Gary Wright (\"Dreamweaver\") and Boz Scaggs around the time of his Silk Degrees album. Members of that touring band would later form Toto . Their self-titled LP was released by Columbia in fall 1977. Going platinum, it yielded the gold single \"Hold the Line,\" \"I'll Supply the Love,\" and \"Georgy Porgy\" -- a favorite sample source for rap/hip hop groups in the '90s, as was \"Human Nature.\" Their other LPs were Hydra and Turn Back . 1982 would prove to be a banner year for the group. Their million-selling LP Toto IV had a Grammys sweep, winning Album of the Year, Record of the Year (\"Rosanna\" ), and Producer of the Year. After seven albums, Toto disbanded in 1988. Porcaro launched a film scoring career having contributed to such movies as Metro starring Eddie Murphy and Hope with Christine Lahti. He also scored the UPN-TV series The Sentinel and Gideon's Crossing which premiered on ABC in fall 2000.", "precise_score": 4.835351467132568, "rough_score": 6.952047824859619, "source": "search", "title": "Steve Porcaro | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "LOS ANGELES (AP) — Mike Porcaro, who was the son and brother of prominent musicians and carved out a long, successful career as the bass player for the Grammy-winning pop group Toto, has died at age 59.", "precise_score": 4.23567533493042, "rough_score": 7.024407386779785, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "LOS ANGELES (AP) — Mike Porcaro, who was the son and brother of prominent musicians and carved out a long, successful career as the bass player for the Grammy-winning pop group Toto, has died at age 59.", "precise_score": 4.23567533493042, "rough_score": 7.024407386779785, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Jeffrey Thomas \"Jeff\" Porcaro (April 1, 1954 – August 5, 1992) was an American drummer, songwriter, and record producer. In a career that spanned more than 20 years, Porcaro was best known for his work with the rock band Toto. Porcaro is one of the most recorded session musicians in history, working on hundreds of albums and thousands of sessions. While already an established studio player in the 1970s, he came to prominence in the United States as the drummer on the Steely Dan album Katy Lied. AllMusic has characterized him as \"arguably the most highly regarded studio drummer in rock from the mid-'70s to the early '90s\", further stating that \"It is no exaggeration to say that the sound of mainstream pop/rock drumming in the 1980s was, to a large extent, the sound of Jeff Porcaro.\" He was posthumously inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1993. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.695115089416504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "When he was seventeen, Porcaro got his first professional gig playing in Sonny & Cher's touring band. He later on called Jim Keltner and Jim Gordon his idols at that time. During his 20s, he played on hundreds of albums, including several for Steely Dan. He toured with Boz Scaggs before co-founding Toto with his brother Steve and childhood friends Steve Lukather and David Paich. Jeff Porcaro is renowned among drummers for the drum pattern he used on the Grammy Award winning Toto song \"Rosanna\", from the album Toto IV. The drum pattern called the Half-Time Shuffle Groove, was originally created by the legendary drummer Bernard Purdie who called it the \"Purdie Shuffle.\" Porcaro created his own version of this groove by blending the aforementioned shuffle with the one heard in the Led Zeppelin song Fool in the Rain. Porcaro describes this groove in detail on a Star Licks video (now DVD) he created shortly after Rosanna became popular.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.700397968292236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Besides his work with Toto, he was also a highly sought after session musician. He had collaborated with many of the biggest names in music, including Boz Scaggs, Paul McCartney, Dire Straits, Donald Fagen, Steely Dan, Rickie Lee Jones, Michael Jackson, Al Jarreau, George Benson, Joe Walsh, Joe Cocker, Stan Getz, Sérgio Mendes, Lee Ritenour, Christopher Cross, James Newton Howard, Jim Messina, Barbra Streisand, Donna Summer, Diana Ross, Eric Carmen, Eric Clapton, Miles Davis, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Larry Carlton, Michael McDonald, Seals and Crofts, and David Gilmour. Porcaro had contributed drums to four tracks on Michael Jackson's Thriller, as well as played on the Dangerous album hit \"Heal the World\". He also played on 10cc's ...Meanwhile (1992). On the 1993 10cc Alive album, recorded after his death, the band dedicated \"The Night That the Stars Didn't Show\" to him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.328736305236816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Porcaro died on August 5, 1992, at the age of 38. He had fallen ill after spraying insecticide in the yard of his Hidden Hills home and died that evening at Humana Hospital-West Hills. According to one Los Angeles Times report, The Los Angeles County Coroner's office listed the cause of death to be a heart attack from atherosclerosis induced by cocaine use, not from an allergic reaction to the pesticides as presumed immediately after his death and stated by Toto in the band's official history. The official cause of death reported by the coroner has long been the subject of intense debate, with Porcaro's family, friends, and Toto band members claiming that while he did occasionally use cocaine, he was by no means a heavy drug user nor was he an addict. Most of the people who knew him state that the coroner's report is wrong, and that he died of a combination of undiagnosed heart disease and organophosphate poisoning caused by the insecticide he was spraying on the day that he died. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.003129482269287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Porcaro's funeral was held on August 10 in the Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery, where he was buried on the Lincoln Terrace, lot 120. The Jeff Porcaro Memorial Fund was established to benefit the music and art departments of Grant High School in Los Angeles, California, where he was a student in the early 1970s. A memorial concert took place at the Universal Amphitheater in Los Angeles on December 14, 1992, with an all-star line-up that included George Harrison, Boz Scaggs, Donald Fagen, Don Henley, Michael McDonald, David Crosby, Eddie Van Halen, and the members of Toto. The proceeds of the concert were used to establish an education trust fund for Porcaro's sons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.599795341491699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "With Toto", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.319856643676758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "* Toto (1978)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18509292602539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "* Toto IV (1982)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351106643676758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "* Toto XX (1998)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263031005859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jeff Porcaro" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332496643066406, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Mike Porcaro: A news obituary in the March 17 California section of Mike Porcaro, former bass player with the rock group Toto, said he was born in Hartford, Conn. He was born in South Windsor, Conn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.301557540893555, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "A third Porcaro brother, Jeff, was Toto's drummer. He died of a heart attack at his Hidden Hills home in 1992.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.827183723449707, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Jeff, Steve and four other musicians formed Toto in 1978. Mike joined after David Hungate, the group's original bass player, left in 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.981283187866211, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "In 1983, Toto won a best-album Grammy for \"Toto IV,\" a best-song Grammy for \"Rosanna\" and several other Grammy awards. On that February evening in the Shrine Auditorium, Joe Porcaro performed in the pit orchestra as his sons collected their music industry honors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6342244148254395, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Born May 29, 1955, in Hartford, Conn., Michael Joseph Porcaro performed with Seals and Crofts, Boz Scaggs and other groups before signing on with Toto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.853428602218628, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto went on hiatus in 2008 but returned two years later, staging a summer tour to benefit Porcaro and draw attention to ALS.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0725996494293213, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro dies at 59; bassist played with two brothers ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9024767279624939, "source": "search", "title": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59 - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9024767279624939, "source": "search", "title": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59 - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto bassist Mike Porcaro died early this morning after a long battle with ALS. His brother and bandmate Steve confirmed the news via Facebook , stating that Mike “passed away peacefully in his sleep at 12:04 AM last night at home surrounded by his family.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8370790481567383, "source": "search", "title": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59 - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Porcaro officially joined his brothers Steve and Jeff in Toto in 1983, but was forced to retire from the group in 2007 as a result of his illness. ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease , is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. It robs its victims of the ability to control muscle movement, starting with fine motor skills and continuing through daily activities most of us take for granted, such as walking or being able to speak. The general prognosis is grim, with most patients passing away within three to five years from the onset of symptoms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.207486152648926, "source": "search", "title": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59 - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto broke up soon after Porcaro’s retirement, but reformed a few years later partially to help pay for his medical expenses. “[Keyboardist] Dave [Paich] called and said, ‘We’ve gotta do something – Mikey’s doing bad and his family needs some bread,'” guitarist Steve Lukather explained to UCR in 2013. Earlier today, Lukather posted his farewell to Porcaro on Facebook : “My brother Mike Porcaro is now at peace. I will miss him more than I could ever put into words. My deepest love to the family. God Bless.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6903918981552124, "source": "search", "title": "Toto Bassist Mike Porcaro Dies at 59 - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "As the story goes Joe follows his dream West at the ripe young age of 36 and in his footsteps three legendary musicians are born. However, their path was not that easy, direct, and simple; roadblocks, frustrations, as well as self-doubt presented themselves such that the plan was nearly derailed. However, with the stern backing of matriarch Eileen who, along with her life partner and husband Joe, agreed to relentlessly chase their dreams, the family departs the East Coast for the western land of opportunity. The documentary largely chronicles the accomplishments and works of the three brothers mostly stemming from the epic group Toto and many of us are already familiar with what these storied composers and performers accomplished; indeed, the documentary will tell that story well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.945962905883789, "source": "search", "title": "UPDATED: Porcaro, A Band Of Brothers—The documentary ..." }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Band History – TOTO", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401830673217773, "source": "search", "title": "Band History – TOTO" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto returns in 2015 with an album that could be defined as a realized vision three plus decades in the making. The recordings on TOTO XIV exhibit world-class musicianship, masterful arrangements, topical lyrical commentary, and melodies that the collective genius of Lukather, Paich, Porcaro, Williams and their assembled band-mates bring to life. This new studio album is arguably the true follow-up to a TOTO IV, which made the band global superstars, and the band’s first studio album since Falling In Between (2006).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7538797855377197, "source": "search", "title": "Band History – TOTO" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Keyboardist Steve Porcaro reveals, “This is opposite of going through the motions. We are treating this like it is Toto V, our follow-up to TOTO IV. We just want to be the best version of ourselves that we can be. Be true to ourselves and make the best music we can. Entertain people which is what we were put on this Earth for.” Keyboardist David Paich reflects, “I think of TOTO as a unit and a band that carries a responsibility when it goes out there in to the public consciousness.   There is so much negativity and darkness that I think you have to be as Quincy Jones puts it, ‘beams of light that blast through the darkness’.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.474447727203369, "source": "search", "title": "Band History – TOTO" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "The band will hit the ground running with an extensive European headline arena tour with appearances at key festivals. The itinerary begins in Glasgow on May 21, and takes Toto through the UK, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Italy, and Belgium. Ticket sales came out of the box with strength, with some appearances selling out within days of on-sale. A North American tour will follow Summer, 2015. The band is in the planning stages for their return to Asia later this year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.572232246398926, "source": "search", "title": "Band History – TOTO" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Historically, few ensembles in the history of recorded music have individually or collectively had a larger imprint on pop culture than the members of TOTO. As individuals, the band members’ imprint can be heard on an astonishing 5000 albums that together amass a sales history of a HALF A BILLION albums. Amongst these recordings, NARAS applauded the performances with 225 Grammy nominations. TOTO sold 35 million albums, and today continue to be a worldwide arena draw staging standing room only events across the globe. It is not an exaggeration to estimate that 95% of the world’s population has heard a performance by a member of TOTO.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44211196899414, "source": "search", "title": "Band History – TOTO" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "With over 38 years together and thousands of credits and accolades to their names, Toto remains one of the top selling tour and recording acts in the world. They are the benchmark by which many artists base their sound and production, and they continue to transcend the standards set by the entire music community, being simply synonymous with musical credibility. Their repertoire continues to be current via high profile usage on broadcast television.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.169650077819824, "source": "search", "title": "Band History – TOTO" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Jeff Porcaro, drummer for the rock band Toto, died of hardening of the arteries caused by cocaine use, the Los Angeles County coroner's office said Thursday, not from an allergic reaction to a pesticide as originally reported. The 38-year-old rock star fell ill after spraying insecticide in the yard of his Hidden Hills home on Aug. 5, and died that evening at Humana Hospital-West Hills.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7593327760696411, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Jeff Porcaro - Page 2 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Four students from Grant High School in Van Nuys, which turned out such musicians as the late Jeff Porcaro during the 1970s, have been awarded $1,000 scholarships from a memorial fund for the former drummer of the rock band Toto. The seniors, artists Tatiana Redin and Tito Tagarao and musicians Jennifer Lee and Lonee Frailich, were granted the money, which was donated to Porcaro's family in the months since the Grant alumnus collapsed last year at his Hidden Hills home and died.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.10176441818475723, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Jeff Porcaro - Page 2 - latimes" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Porcaro died Sunday, Toto's publicist Keith Hagen told The Associated Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.06730157136917114, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto was formed in the late 1970s by keyboard player, David Paich, Porcaro's brothers Steve and Jeff, and other prominent session musicians who have recorded and toured over the years with Michael Jackson, Sonny and Cher, Boz Scaggs, Steely Dan and numerous others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.211132049560547, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto's merging of jazz, power-pop, soul and other musical forms sold millions of records in the late 1970s and early '80s and made the group one of the most popular of that time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.526825904846191, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "The album \"Toto IV\" won the Grammy for album of the year in 1982. The song \"Rosanna\" won record of the year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392148971557617, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Other Toto standards include \"Hold the Line\" and \"Africa.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.319355964660645, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto's first new studio album in 10 years, \"Toto XIV,\" is scheduled for release later this month. A European tour is slated for the spring and summer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116449356079102, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Porcaro died Sunday, Toto's publicist Keith Hagen told The Associated Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.06730157136917114, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto was formed in the late 1970s by keyboard player, David Paich, Porcaro's brothers Steve and Jeff, and other prominent session musicians who have recorded and toured over the years with Michael Jackson, Sonny and Cher, Boz Scaggs, Steely Dan and numerous others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.211132049560547, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto's merging of jazz, power-pop, soul and other musical forms sold millions of records in the late 1970s and early '80s and made the group one of the most popular of that time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.526825904846191, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "The album \"Toto IV\" won the Grammy for album of the year in 1982. The song \"Rosanna\" won record of the year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392148971557617, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Other Toto standards include \"Hold the Line\" and \"Africa.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.319355964660645, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" }, { "answer": "Toto", "passage": "Toto's first new studio album in 10 years, \"Toto XIV,\" is scheduled for release later this month. A European tour is slated for the spring and summer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116449356079102, "source": "search", "title": "Mike Porcaro Obituary | Mike Porcaro Funeral | Legacy.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Aleksandrapol", "Giumri", "A: Kumayri", "Battle of Aleksandropol", "Gumri", "Kyumri", "Aleksandropol", "Leninakan", "Kumri", "Kumayri", "Alexandrobol", "Gyumri", "Alek’pol", "Gumry", "Alexandropol’", "Alekpol", "Gumru", "Alexandropol", "Guemrue", "Treaty of Gyumri", "Aleksandropol’", "Gümrü", "Kyumayri", "Alexandrapol", "Alek’sandrapol", "Alexandropol, Armenia", "Gjumri", "Alek’sandrobol", "Kümri", "Aleksandrobol" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "kyumayri", "alexandrapol", "gyumri", "gümrü", "kumayri", "alek sandrobol", "kumri", "gumru", "kyumri", "alek pol", "alexandrobol", "alekpol", "kümri", "gjumri", "aleksandrapol", "aleksandropol", "treaty of gyumri", "alexandropol", "alek sandrapol", "gumri", "alexandropol armenia", "gumry", "leninakan", "guemrue", "battle of aleksandropol", "aleksandrobol", "giumri" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "kumayri", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "A: Kumayri" }

[ { "answer": "Leninakan", "passage": "Gyumri (Eastern Armenian: Գյումրի; Western Armenian: Կիւմրի), is the second largest city in Armenia and the capital of the Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of 121,976, down from 150,917 reported at the 2001 census. Its name has been changed several times. It was originally founded as Kumayri, later re-founded as Alexandropol (; ) between 1837 and 1924 during the Russian rule, then Leninakan (; ) between 1924–90, then as Gyumri.", "precise_score": -0.03741486370563507, "rough_score": -1.4938980340957642, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "Later in 331 BC, the entire territory was included in the Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenian Kingdom as part of the Shirak canton. Between 190 BC and 1 AD Kumayri was under the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia. During the 1st century AD, Shirak was granted to the Kamsarakan family, who ruled over Kumayri during the Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia.", "precise_score": -10.382749557495117, "rough_score": -7.302449703216553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "Kumayri was a significant and quite-developed urban settlement during the Middle Ages. According to the Armenian scholar Ghevond the Historian, the town was a centre of the Armenian rebellion led by Artavazd Mamikonian against the Islamic Arab Caliphate, between 733 and 755. After 2 centuries of Islamic rule over Armenia, the Bagratids declared independence in 885 establishing the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia. Kumayri entered e new era of growth and progress, particularly when the nearby city of Ani became the capital of the kingdom in 961. By the second half of the 10th century, Kumayri was under the influence of the Armenian Pahlavuni family, who were descendents of the Kamsarakans. The Pahlavunis had a great contribution in the progress of Shirak with the foundation of many fortresses, monastic complexes, educational institutions, etc.", "precise_score": -9.843002319335938, "rough_score": -9.936777114868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "During the first half of the 18th century, Kumayri became part of the Erivan Khanate under the rule of the Afsharid dynasty and later under the Qajar dynasty of Persia. It remained under the Persian rule until June 1804, when the northern part of Eastern Armenia was ceded by the Russian Empire as a result of the Russo-Persian War between 1804 and 1813 and the signing of the Treaty of Gulistan.", "precise_score": -10.85901927947998, "rough_score": -10.317052841186523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Alexandropol", "passage": "A major Russian fortress was built on the site in 1837. Alexandropol was finally formed as a town in 1840 to become the centre of the newly established Alexandropol Uyezd, experiencing rapid growth during its first decade. In 1849, the Alexandropol Uyezd became part of the Erivan Governorate. The town was an important outpost for the Imperial Russian armed forces in the Transcaucasus where their military barracks were established (e.g., at Poligons, Severski, Kazachi Post). The Russians built the Sev Berd fortress at the western edge of the city during the 1830s in response to the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829.", "precise_score": -10.655227661132812, "rough_score": -10.306350708007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Alexandropol", "passage": "In 1902, the first bank in the city was opened. Until the sovietization of Armenia in 1920, Alexandropol had 31 manufacturing centres including beer, soap, textile, etc. After the October Revolution of 1917 and the Russian withdrawal from the South Caucasus, the Ottoman forces launched a new offensive capturing the city of Alexandropol on 11 May 1918, during the Caucasus Campaign in World War I. However, the Ottomans withdrew from the city on 24 December 1918, as a result of the Armistice of Mudros.", "precise_score": -10.031599044799805, "rough_score": -8.296159744262695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Alexandropol", "passage": "On 10 May 1920, the local Bolshevik Armenians aided by the Muslim population, attempted a coup d'état in Alexandropol against the Dashnak government of Armenia. The uprising was suppressed by the Armenian government on May 14 and its leaders were executed. However, during the Turkish-Armenian War, Turkey attacked Alexandropol and occupied the city on 7 November 1920, as a result of the Battle of Alexandropol. After the battle, the Turkish forces were headquartered in Alexandropol. Turks presented the Republic of Armenia with an ultimatum that Armenians were forced to accept, otherwise Turkey would have invaded the capital Yerevan from their headquarters in Alexandropol. Armenia was forced to sign the Treaty of Alexandropol to stop the Turkish advance towards Yerevan, to put an end to the Turkish-Armenian War. However, the Turkish forces withdrew from Alexandropol after the Treaty of Kars in October 1921. ", "precise_score": -9.988916397094727, "rough_score": -10.203559875488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Leninakan", "passage": "Being under the Soviet rule, the name of the city was changed in 1924 to Leninakan after the deceased Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin. The city suffered an earthquake in 1926, when many of its significant buildings were destroyed including the Greek church of Saint George. Leninakan became a major industrial centre in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and its second-largest city, after the capital Yerevan. The city suffered major damage during the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which devastated many parts of the country. The earthquake occurred along a known thrust fault with a length of 60 km. Its strike was parallel to the Caucasus range and dipped to the north-northeast. Bruce Bolt, a seismologist and a professor of earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley, walked the fault scarp in 1992 and found that the vertical displacement measured 1 m along most of the length with the southwest end reaching .", "precise_score": 3.908013343811035, "rough_score": 7.685908794403076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "At the time of the breakup of the Soviet Union, the city was renamed Kumayri between in 1990 until 1992 when it was finally given the name Gyumri. The Russian 102nd Military Base is located in the city. ", "precise_score": 0.6492095589637756, "rough_score": -1.3741419315338135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The population of Gyumri has gradually grown since 1840 after gaining the status of town. A huge decline of the population was due to the disastrous earthquake of 1988. The residents here have a distinct look and style, and a boundless pride in their city. Their own dialect is very close to Western Armenian.", "precise_score": -10.617149353027344, "rough_score": -10.154390335083008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "In 1865, an amateur theatre group in Gyumri performed H. Karinyan's \"Shushanik\". In 1912, Gyumri was home to the first opera show ever staged in Armenia, when composer Armen Tigranian presented Anoush to the public in Alexandropol. In 1923, the first Armenian opera theatre was opened in Gyumri (where the first ballet performance in Armenia took place in 1924 ), while the Vardan Ajemian State Drama Theatre was founded in 1928. Prominent directors Ruben Simonov and Vardan Ajemian, actors Mher Mkrtchyan, Azat Sherents and Varduhi Varderesyan worked in theatre. The theatre's new building was opened in 1972. The artistic director is Nikolay Tsaturyan. Gyumri is known for its 19th-century architecture and urban constructions.", "precise_score": -10.936885833740234, "rough_score": -9.369685173034668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The first printing house of Gyumri was founded in 1876 by G. Sanoyan and operated until 1918. It published literary works (including Avetik Isahakyan's first book), calendars, textbooks. Another printing house, Ayg (founded 1892), published historical books and the first periodical of Gyumri, Akhuryan. ", "precise_score": -10.836259841918945, "rough_score": -9.531691551208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Alexandropol", "passage": "During the pre-Soviet era, Alexandropol was considered the third-largest trade and cultural centre in Transcaucasia after Tiflis and Baku (Yerevan would not rise to prominence until being proclaimed as the capital of independent Armenia in 1918 and Armenian SSR in 1920). At the end of the 19th century, the population of Alexandropol has grown up to 32,100 inhabitants, with a majority of Armenians.", "precise_score": -9.821296691894531, "rough_score": -9.780553817749023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Many special sport schools are serving the young generation of Gyumri such as the school of gymnastics, the school of athletics named after Robert Emmiyan, the school of football named after Levon Ishtoyan and other special schools for boxing, weightlifting, wrestling, martial arts, fencing and chess. The Gyumri school of winter sports renovated in 2015-16, is named after Ludvig Mnatsakanyan.", "precise_score": -10.759162902832031, "rough_score": -9.69675064086914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "Archaeological excavations conducted throughout the Soviet period have shown that the area of modern-day Gyumri has been populated since at least the third millennium BC. The area was mentioned as Kumayri in the historic Urartian inscriptions dating back to the 8th century BC. In 720 BC, the Cimmerians conquered the region and probably founded the Kumayri settlement, which bears phonetic resemblance to the word used by ancient Armenian in reference to Cimmerians. Historians believe that Xenophon passed through Kumayri during his return to the Black Sea, a journey immortalized in his Anabasis. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.914660453796387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "At the decline of the Urartu Kingdom by the second half of the 6th century BC, Kumayri became part of the Achaemenid Empire. The remains of a royal settlement found just to the south of Gyumri near the village of Beniamin dating back to the 5th to 2nd centuries BC, are a great example of the Achemenid influence in the region. However, at the beginning of the 5th century BC, Kumayri became part of the Satrapy of Armenia under the rule of the Orontids. An alternative theory suggests that Kumayri has been formed as an urban settlement in the late 5th century BC, ca. 401 BC, by Greek colonists. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230302810668945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "Following the partition of Armenia in 387 between the Byzantines and the Persians, and as a result of the fall of the Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia in 428, Shirak including Kumayri became part of the Sasanian Empire of Persia. In 658 AD, at the height of the Arab Islamic invasions, Kumayri was conquered during the Muslim conquest of Persia to become part of the Emirate of Armenia under the Umayyad Caliphate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363317489624023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "Under the rule of the Turkic tribes, Kumayri was known to the Turks as Gümrü.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489768981933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "In 1501, most of the Eastern Armenian territories including Kumayri were swiftly conquered by the emerging Safavid dynasty of Iran led by Shah Ismail I. Soon after in 1502, Kumayri became part of the newly formed Erivan Beglarbegi, a new administrative territory of Iran formed by the Safavids.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141514778137207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "In June 1804, the Russian forces controlled over Shirak region at the beginning of the Russo-Persian War of 1804 and 1813. Kumayri became officially part of the Russian Empire at the Treaty of Gulistan signed on 1 January 1813 between Imperial Russia and Qajar Persia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1281156539917, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri and the surrounding territories became part of the Russian Empire during the Russo-Persian War between 1804 and 1813 and the resulting Treaty of Gulistan of 1813. The Russians controlled over the town on 12 June 1804, around 25 years earlier than the rest of Eastern Armenia. During the period of the Russian rule, Gyumri became one of the developing cities in the Transcaucasus. In 1829, in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, there was a big influx of Armenian population, as around 3,000 families who had migrated from territories in the Ottoman Empire -in particular from the towns of Kars, Erzurum, and Doğubeyazıt- settled in and around Gyumri. The Russian poet Alexander Pushkin visited Gyumri during his journey to Erzurum in 1829.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731537818908691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "In 1837 Russian Tsar Nicholas I arrived in Gyumri and changed the name into Alexandropol. The name was chosen in honour of Tsar Nicholas I's wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia, who had changed her name to Alexandra Fyodorovna after converting to Orthodox Christianity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16240119934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Alexandropol", "passage": "Alexandropol had been quickly transformed to become one of the major centres of the Russian troops during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. After the establishment of the railway station in 1899, Alexandropol witnessed a significant growth and became the largest city in Eastern Armenia. By the end of the 19th century, Alexandropol was home to 430 shopping stores as well as several workshops and cultural institutions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.006768226623535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The earthquake had a disastrous impact on the city, as many buildings are still not recovered. According to Armenian government sources, around 3,500 residents of Gyumri remain homeless.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344980239868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri was celebrated as the Capital of Culture of the Commonwealth of Independent States for 2013. Major events took place in the city on 30 June 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.942665100097656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "On 12 January 2015, Valery Permyakov, a serviceman from the Russian 102nd Military Base, murdered seven members of an Armenian family in Gyumri. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396961212158203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "On 25 June 2016, Pope Francis delivered a Holy Mass at Gyumri's Vartanants Square. His Holiness Catholicos of All Armenians Garegin II also took part in the ceremony. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404434204101562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri is 126 km north of the capital Yerevan at the central part of the Shirak plateau. It has an approximate height of 1550 metres above sea level. The Akhurian River passes through the western suburbs. The Shirak plateau is surrounded with the Pambak Mountains from the east and Aragats volcanic range from the south. The city of Gyumri is 196 km away from the Black Sea. The surrounding lands of the city are reach with tuff, basalt and clay. Gyumri has a semi-arid continental climate, characterized with cold and snowy winter where the minimum temperature could fall down to . On the other hand, summer in Gyumri is relatively hot with temperatures could reach up to 36 °C. The annual precipitation averages 500 mm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135854721069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Population and ethnic groups chart of Gyumri throughout history:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5652437210083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The majority of the population in Gyumri belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God of Gyumri -also known as the Cathedral of the Seven Wounds of the Holy Mother of God- is the seat of the Diocese of Shirak of the Armenian Church. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370499610900879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The Armenian Catholic Church is a minority in Armenia and is under the jurisdiction of the Ordinariate of Armenia, Georgia, Russia, and Eastern Europe, based in Gyumri. There are around 16,000 Armenian Catholics in the Shirak Province. The seat of the Ordinariate for Armenia, Georgia, Russia, and Eastern Europe for the Armenian Catholic Church is the Cathedral of the Holy Martyrs in Gyumri. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.056501388549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Currently 9 churches are found in Gyumri:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.544881820678711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Marmashen Monastery of the 10th century: located 6 km northwest of Gyumri.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.520034790039062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Church of Gyumri.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.503348350524902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri is home to many prominent museums of Armenia, including:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505191802978516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "*Dzitoghtsyan Museum of Social Life and National Architecture of Gyumri: an old mansion, housing collections related to both history and the everyday-life of Gyumri, as well as paintings and other works of art.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.523740768432617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "Throughout centuries, Kumayri-Gyumri was labelled as the \"city of crafts and arts\", being famous for its schools, theaters and gusans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091316223144531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri is home to the Gyumri Biennial, organized by the artist Azat Sargsyan and the Gyumri Centre of Contemporary Art (GCCA). Gyumri was officially declared Commonwealth of Independent States cultural capital in 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.129929542541504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Kumayri", "passage": "*Kumayri historic district: is the old part of Gyumri with its unique architectural style. It has more than a thousand buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. The district is one of few places in the Republic of Armenia, and the world, with authentic urban Armenian architecture. Almost all the structures of the Kumayri district have survived two major earthquakes, in 1926 and 1988. The historic district of Kumayri occupies the central part of modern-day Gyumri.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.886334419250488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "*Sev Berd or the Black Fortress (; , Chornaya Krepost): is an abandoned Russian imperial fortress in Gyumri built between 1834 and 1847, located 8 km east of the Turkish border. It was erected in response to the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. Currently, it is a national cultural heritage monument of Armenia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172653198242188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "*Vartanants Square, the central town square of Gyumri.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466742515563965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "*Gyumri Railway Station square.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.58380126953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "*Gyumri Central Park, founded during the 1920s on the site of the old cemetery of the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199913024902344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The restoration process of the damaged buildings of Gyumri has been spearheaded by Earthwatch to preserve the city's unique architecture. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334466934204102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Although suffering severe damages during the disastrous earthquake in December 1988, Gyumri is still preserving its own architectural characteristics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.217150688171387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri is served by the international Shirak Airport, about 5 km to the southeast of the city centre. It was inaugurated in 1961 and is the second largest airport in Armenia. It has scheduled flights to Moscow and Saint Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.035195350646973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "At the beginning of 2006, the government of Armenia felt the importance of having a second international airport, when adverse weather conditions meant that many flights had to be diverted from Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport into Gyumri's Shirak Airport. New air traffic control equipment allowed airport workers to identify planes in a 400 km radius. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446076393127441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The railway junction of Gyumri is the oldest and the largest one in Armenia. It was formed in 1897 and the first railway link to Alexandropol that connected the city with Tiflis was completed in 1899. The rail line was then extended from Alexandropol to Yerevan (in 1902), Kars (in 1902), Jolfa (in 1906), and Tabriz. As a result, Alexandropol became an important rail hub.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.868721961975098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": ", the Gyumri Railway Station operates regular trips to Yerevan, Tbilisi and (in the summer season) Batumi. The South Caucasus Railway CJSC, is the current operator of the railway sector in Armenia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40734577178955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The economy of Gyumri is mainly based on industry and construction. However, tourism and banking services are also among the developed sectors in the city. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43188762664795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Aleksandrapol", "passage": "The industrial sector in the city includes the production of building materials (tufa and basalt), hosiery and textile manufacturing, food processing and dairy products, alcoholic drinks, chemicals, electronic machines, etc. The largest industrial plant in Gyumri is the Gyumri-Beer Brewery. The factory produces a variety of lager beer under the brands Gyumri, Ararat and Aleksandrapol. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094571113586426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri has a large number of educational institutions. It is considered the main cultural and educational centre of northern Armenia. The city has the following higher educational centers: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409652709960938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri State Pedagogical Institute named after Mikael Nalbandian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499739646911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Progress University of Gyumri", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532276153564453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of National Polytechnic University of Armenia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54920482635498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of Armenian State University of Economics", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551387786865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530981063842773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51121711730957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of Yerevan State Institute of Theatre and Cinematography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.514482498168945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of European Regional Academy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530104637145996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "* Gyumri campus of Haybusak University of Yerevan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508983612060547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "In 2014, the Gyumri Technology Center was opened in the city in an attempt to turn Gyumri into a regional and international center of information and high technologies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.113128662109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri has a major contribution in the sports life of Armenia. Many Olympic and world champion wrestlers, weightlifters and boxers are from Gyumri. The city is notable for its worldwide champions in individual sports, such as Robert Emmiyan in long jump, Yurik Vardanyan and Nazik Avdalyan in weightlifting and Ara Abrahamian in Greco-Roman wrestling.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88102912902832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "The city is home to the Armenian football club FC Shirak. They play their home games at the Gyumri City Stadium, the oldest football stadium in Armenia, dating to 1924. Shirak are one of the most popular football teams in Armenia, having won the championship of the Armenian Premier League four times, with the most recent one in the 2012-13 season. Shirak have also won the Armenian Independence Cup once. The native of Gyumri and former Shirak player Artur Petrosyan is the all-time leading scorer for the Armenia national football team.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07774829864502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Aragats FC was the second football club that represented the city. However, the club was dissolved in 2002 due to financial difficulties. The Gyumri Football Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia was opened on 13 September 2014. It is home to four natural-grass and two artificial turf regular-sized football training pitches. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.950309753417969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri is home to many former and current World, Olympic and European champions in several types of sports, including:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.557498931884766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" }, { "answer": "Gyumri", "passage": "Gyumri is twinned with ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452033042907715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gyumri" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "James Osterberg", "Iggy Pop", "Iggy Stooge", "The Passenger (2007)", "The Passenger (2007 film)", "The Passenger (2008 film)", "James Newell Osterberg", "Iggy Pop Biography", "The Godfather of Punk", "Iggy pop" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "iggy stooge", "godfather of punk", "passenger 2007 film", "iggy pop biography", "iggy pop", "passenger 2008 film", "james osterberg", "passenger 2007", "james newell osterberg" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "james osterberg", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "James Osterberg" }

[ { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "James Newell Osterberg, Jr., known professionally as Iggy Pop (; born April 21, 1947), is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band The Stooges, who reunited in 2003, and is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics. ", "precise_score": 8.383471488952637, "rough_score": 7.171118259429932, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "Interestingly, the first part of her name originated from her dog of the same name. Her dog, Iggy, was named after Iggy Pop. She loved her dog very much and went on to explain an incident involving her favorite pet.", "precise_score": 4.697309970855713, "rough_score": 6.475768089294434, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Azalea explains her stage name in new series ‘A.K.A ..." }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "Iggy Pop - IMDb", "precise_score": 1.1134343147277832, "rough_score": 5.7329325675964355, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": " 2016 Iggy Pop: Post Pop Depression (TV Movie) (performer: \"Lust for Life\", \"American Valhalla\", \"Sixteen\", \"Some Weird Sin\", \"Funtime\", \"Sunday\", \"German Days\", \"Mass Production\", \"Nightclubbing\", \"Gardenia\", \"The Passenger\", \"China Girl\", \"Break into Your Heart\", \"Fall in Love with Me\", \"Repo Man\")", "precise_score": 1.2478598356246948, "rough_score": 3.0876736640930176, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": " 2015 Iggy Pop: Les nuits de Fourvière 17.07.2015 (TV Movie) (performer: \"No Fun\", \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\", \"The Passenger\", \"Lust for Life\", \"Skull Ring\", \"Five Foot One\", \"1969\", \"Sister Midnight\", \"Real Wild Child (Wild One)\", \"Nightclubbing\", \"Some Weird Sin\", \"I'm Bored\", \"Funtime\", \"Neighborhood Threat\", \"Down on the Street\") / (writer: \"No Fun\", \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\", \"The Passenger\", \"Lust for Life\", \"Skull Ring\", \"Five Foot One\", \"1969\", \"Sister Midnight\", \"Nightclubbing\", \"Some Weird Sin\", \"I'm Bored\", \"Funtime\", \"Neighborhood Threat\", \"Down on the Street\")", "precise_score": 1.2800471782684326, "rough_score": 2.0059592723846436, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": " 2014 Bill the Galactic Hero (performer: \"Bill the Galactic Superhero\" - as Iggy Pop and The Intergalactic Troll) / (writer: \"Bill the Galactic Superhero\")", "precise_score": 1.514256477355957, "rough_score": -0.6862115263938904, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "'Iggy' was my dog - he was named after Iggy Pop - and 'Azalea' is the street where I grew up; together, they have the right amount of syllables to make the perfect name.", "precise_score": 5.046045303344727, "rough_score": 5.961103439331055, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Azalea - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Newell Osterberg", "passage": "James Newell Osterberg, Jr. was born in Muskegon, Michigan, the son of Louella (née Christensen; 1917–1996) and James Newell Osterberg, Sr. (1921–2007), a former high school English teacher and baseball coach at Fordson High School in Dearborn, Michigan. Osterberg was raised in a trailer park in Ypsilanti, Michigan. He is of English and Irish descent on his father's side, and Norwegian and Danish ancestry on his mother's side. His father was adopted by a Swedish American family and took on their surname (Österberg). In a 2007 Rolling Stone interview, Pop explained his relationship with his parents and their contribution to his music:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.985109329223633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Stooge", "passage": "In 1968, one year after their live debut and now dubbed The Stooges, the band signed with Elektra Records, again following in the footsteps of The Doors, who were Elektra's biggest act at the time (reportedly, Pop called Moe Howard to see if it was alright to call his band \"The Stooges,\" to which Howard responded by merely saying \"I don't care what they call themselves, as long as they're not the Three Stooges!\" and hung up the phone). The Stooges' first album The Stooges, (on which Pop was credited as \"Iggy Stooge\"), was produced by John Cale in New York in 1969. Both it and the follow-up, Fun House produced by Don Gallucci in Los Angeles in 1970, sold poorly. Though the release of Fun House did not receive the recognition it expected, it was later ranked #191 in Rolling Stone's '500 Greatest Albums of All Time' in 2003. Shortly after the new members joined, the group disbanded because of Pop's worsening heroin addiction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.3939008712768555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "In 1987, Pop appeared (along with Bootsy Collins) on a mostly instrumental album, Neo Geo, by Japanese composer Ryuichi Sakamoto. The music video for \"Risky\", written and directed by Meiert Avis, won the first ever MTV Breakthrough Video Award. The groundbreaking video explores transhumanist philosopher FM-2030's ideas of Nostalgia for the Future in the form of an imagined love affair between a robot and one of Man Ray's models in Paris in the late 1930s. Additional inspiration was drawn from Jean Baudrillard, Edvard Munch's 1894 painting Puberty, and Roland Barthes Death of the Author. The surrealist black-and-white video uses stop motion, light painting, and other retro in-camera effects techniques. Meiert Avis recorded Sakamoto while at work on the score for The Last Emperor in London. Sakamoto also appears in the video painting words and messages to an open shutter camera. Iggy Pop, who performs the vocals on \"Risky\", chose not to appear in the video, allowing his performance space to be occupied by the surrealist era robot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.308503150939941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "In 1996, Pop again found mainstream fame when his 1977 song \"Lust for Life\" was featured in the film Trainspotting. A new video was recorded for the song, with clips from the film and studio footage of Pop dancing with one of the film's stars, Ewen Bremner. An Iggy Pop concert also served as a plot point in the film. The song has also been used in TV commercials for Royal Caribbean and as the theme music to The Jim Rome Show, a nationally syndicated American sports talk show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4932475090026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "Pop's 2003 album Skull Ring featured collaborators Sum 41, Green Day, Peaches, and The Trolls, as well as Ron and Scott Asheton, reuniting the three surviving founding members of The Stooges for the first time since 1974. Pop made a guest appearance on Peaches's song Kick It as well as the video. Also in 2003, his first full-length biography was published. Gimme Danger – The Story of Iggy Pop was written by Joe Ambrose; Pop did not collaborate on the biography or publicly endorse it. Having enjoyed working with the Ashetons on Skull Ring, Pop reformed The Stooges with bassist Mike Watt (formerly of the Minutemen) filling in for the late Dave Alexander, and Fun House saxophonist Steve Mackay rejoining the lineup. They have toured regularly since 2004. That year, Pop opened Madonna's Reinvention World Tour in Dublin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4516685009002686, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "On December 15, 2009 it was announced that The Stooges would be inducted into The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 15, 2010. Pop had \"about two hours of a strong emotional reaction\" to the news.Andy Green. [http://liveweb.archive.org/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/iggy-pop-on-his-emotional-reaction-to-the-stooges-hall-of-fame-induction-20091215 Iggy Pop on His \"Emotional Reaction\" to the Stooges' Hall of Fame Induction]. Rolling Stone. December 15, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7403032779693604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "Based on 's German translation of Walt Whitman's poetry cycle in 2005, a radio drama and bilingual double-CD audio book \"Kinder Adams/Children of Adam\" was released by Hörbuch Hamburg in 2014, including a complete reading by Iggy Pop.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.683367729187012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "*The Red Hot Chili Peppers recorded a cover of \"Search and Destroy\" during the sessions for Blood Sugar Sex Magik; the song appeared on the B-side of the \"Give It Away\" single, and later on the Iggy Pop tribute CD We Will Fall, the compilation CD Under the Covers, and the compilation CD The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience. They also played \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\" live.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6245036125183105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iggy Pop" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "How much of Iggy Pop's work have you seen?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7200722694396973, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2014/I Predestination (writer: \"1970 (I Feel Alright)\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.158279418945312, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2013 CBGB (writer: \"1969\", \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\", \"Dirt\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.823400497436523, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2008 Transporter 3 (writer: \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354460716247559, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Iggy Pop", "passage": "- Pilot (2008) ... (lyrics: \"Passenger Fever Peggy Lee vs. Iggy Pop\" - uncredited) / (performer: \"Passenger Fever Peggy Lee vs. Iggy Pop\" - uncredited)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.226320266723633, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2008 Flicker (Documentary) (performer: \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\") / (writer: \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259720802307129, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2007 Control (as James Osterberg, \"Sister Midnight\") / (performer: \"Sister Midnight\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322452545166016, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2007 Graduation (performer: \"The Passenger\") / (writer: \"The Passenger\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349040031433105, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2006 Smokin' Aces (writer: \"Down On The Street\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356477737426758, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2006 GAL (performer: \"Bang Bang\") / (writer: \"Bang Bang\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268959045410156, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2006 Guitar Hero II (Video Game) (as James Osterberg, \"SEARCH AND DESTROY\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407917022705078, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2005 Lords of Dogtown (performer: \"Success\") / (writer: \"Loose\", \"T.V. Eye\" - as James Osterberg Jr.) / (writer: \"Success\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232771873474121, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2005 House of Wax (writer: \"Dirt\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426487922668457, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2003 School of Rock (as James Osterberg Jr., \"T.V. Eye\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19425106048584, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2003 End of the Century (Documentary) (writer: \"No Fun\", \"Down on the Street\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410632133483887, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2002 24 Hour Party People (performer: \"The Passenger\") / (writer: \"No Fun\", \"The Passenger\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3477783203125, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 2001 Knockaround Guys (writer: \"Down on the Street\" - as James Osterberg, Jr.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25327205657959, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 1998 Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (writer: \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\" - as James Osterberg Jr.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393044471740723, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 1998 Velvet Goldmine (writer: \"Gimme Danger\") / (writer: \"T.V. Eye\" - as James Osterberg Jr.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232833862304688, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" }, { "answer": "James Osterberg", "passage": " 1985 Just One of the Guys (writer: \"Down on the Street\" - as James Osterberg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363957405090332, "source": "search", "title": "Iggy Pop - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Worked in insurance", "passage": "However, James Hawes argues many of Kafka's descriptions of the legal proceedings in '—metaphysical, absurd, bewildering and nightmarish as they might appear—are based on accurate and informed descriptions of German and Austrian criminal proceedings of the time, which were inquisitorial rather than adversarial. Although he worked in insurance, as a trained lawyer Kafka was \"keenly aware of the legal debates of his day\". In an early 21st-century publication that uses Kafka's office writings as its point of departure, Pothik Ghosh states that with Kafka, law \"has no meaning outside its fact of being a pure force of domination and determination\".", "precise_score": -0.458396315574646, "rough_score": -1.2823175191879272, "source": "wiki", "title": "Franz Kafka" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport () or Montréal–Trudeau, formerly known as Montréal–Dorval International Airport (Aéroport international Montréal-Dorval), is a Canadian airport located on the Island of Montreal, from Downtown Montreal. The airport terminals are located entirely in the suburb of Dorval, while the Air Canada headquarters complex and one runway is located in the Montreal borough of Saint-Laurent. It is an international airport serving Greater Montreal and adjacent regions in Ontario, Vermont, and New York. The airport is named in honour of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, the 15th Prime Minister of Canada.", "precise_score": 7.27631950378418, "rough_score": 7.824563026428223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Trudeau was first established in the 1940s. It was becoming clear that Montreal's original airport, Saint-Hubert Airport, in operation since 1927, was no longer adequate for the city's needs. The Minister of Transport purchased land at the Dorval Race Track, which was considered the best location for the new airport because of its good weather conditions and few foggy days. Trudeau opened on September 1, 1941, as Dorval Airport with three paved runways. By 1946 the airport was hosting more than a quarter of a million passengers a year, growing to more than a million in the mid-1950s. During World War II thousands of Allied aircraft passed through Dorval on the way to England. At one time Dorval was the major transatlantic hub for commercial aviation and the busiest airport in Canada with flights from airlines such as British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC).", "precise_score": 3.1581382751464844, "rough_score": 4.434690475463867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "In November 1960 the airport was renamed Montreal–Dorval International Airport/Aéroport international Dorval de Montréal. On December 15 of that year the Minister of Transport inaugurated a new $30 million terminal. The structure was built by Illsley, Templeton, Archibald, and Larose. At its height, it was the largest terminal in Canada and one of the biggest in the world. It was the gateway to Canada for all European air traffic and served more than two million passengers per year. Eight years later, Montréal–Dorval International Airport underwent a major expansion program. Despite this, the Government of Canada predicted that Dorval would be completely saturated by 1985 and also projected that 20 million passengers would be passing through Montreal's airports annually. They decided to construct a new airport in Sainte-Scholastique (Montréal–Mirabel International Airport). As the first phase in the transition that would eventually have seen Dorval closed, all international flights (except those to and from the United States) were to be transferred to the new airport in 1975.", "precise_score": 5.504454612731934, "rough_score": 6.700788974761963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "On November 29, 1975, Mirabel International Airport went into service. With an operations zone of 70 km2 and a buffer zone of 290 km2, it became the largest airport in the world. Many connecting flights to Canadian centres were transferred to Mirabel and 23 international airlines moved their overseas activities there. As a consequence, the mission of Montréal–Dorval was redefined to service domestic flights and transborder flights to the United States. Mirabel's traffic decreased due to the advent in the 1980s of longer-range jets that did not need to refuel in Montreal before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Montreal's economic decline in the late 1970s and 1980s had a significant effect on the airport's traffic, as international flights bypassed Montreal altogether in favour of Toronto Pearson International Airport. The Trudeau government had developed Mirabel Airport to handle an expected growth in international traffic and eventually, to replace Dorval. The extra traffic never materialized and due to its closer proximity to downtown Montreal all scheduled air services have now returned to Dorval/Trudeau, while Mirabel ceased passenger operations in 2004. In May 2007 it was reported that the International Centre of Advanced Racing had signed a 25-year lease with Aéroports de Montréal to use part of the airport as a racetrack, the Circuit ICAR. At the same time the fixed-base operator Hélibellule opened a facility there which caters to private planes. The company also provides a helicopter passenger service from Mirabel to destinations in Canada and the United States. They operate two different types of helicopters; the Bell 222 and the Aérospatiale Gazelle.", "precise_score": 2.770388603210449, "rough_score": 4.182488441467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Dorval, city, Montréal region, southern Quebec province, Canada , on Île de Montréal (Montreal Island). It is a southwestern suburb of Montreal city facing Lac Saint-Louis, an extension of the St. Lawrence River . Offshore to the south is Île Dorval, a summer resort. Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, located in Dorval, is a major international passenger airport. The area was settled by the Sulpicians, a society of French priests who built a fort and mission on the site about 1670. The community was named for Jean-Baptiste Bouchard (called Dorval), a French landowner. Inc. town, 1903; city, 1956. Pop. (2006) 18,088; (2011) 18,208.", "precise_score": 5.749934673309326, "rough_score": 7.143878936767578, "source": "search", "title": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Terminal at Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, Dorval, Quebec, Canada.", "precise_score": 5.85201358795166, "rough_score": 6.935949802398682, "source": "search", "title": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "The third-busiest airport in the whole of Canada, Montreal's Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL) enjoys high yearly passenger figures, which are rapidly approaching 14 million. Run by the Aéroports de Montréal and sited alongside the Dorval Golf Course, the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Airport has long been an important base for Air Canada operations.", "precise_score": 3.8767638206481934, "rough_score": 6.057226657867432, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL)" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montreal Trudeau YUL Airport | Dorval, Quebec, QZ Canada", "precise_score": 4.672366619110107, "rough_score": 4.190868854522705, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Trudeau YUL Airport | Dorval, Quebec, QZ Canada" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "The airport is one of two managed and operated by Aéroports de Montréal (ADM), a not-for-profit corporation without share capital; the other airport is Montréal–Mirabel northwest of Montreal, which was initially intended to replace the one in Dorval but now deals almost solely with cargo. Montréal–Trudeau is owned by Transport Canada which has a 60-year lease with Aéroports de Montréal, as per Canada's National Airport Policy of 1994. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4935054779052734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Trudeau is the busiest airport in the province of Quebec, the third-busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic with 15.5 million passengers in 2015 and fourth by aircraft movements, with 219,326 movements in 2014. It is one of eight Canadian airports with United States border preclearance and is one of the main gateways into Canada with 9.64 million or 62% of its passengers being on non-domestic flights, the highest proportion amongst Canada's airports during 2015. It is one of four Air Canada hubs and, in that capacity, serves mainly Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces and Eastern Ontario. The air route between Montreal and Paris (CDG and ORY airports) is the busiest international route from Canada. On an average day, nearly 42,000 passengers transit through Montréal-Trudeau.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.517996311187744, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Airlines servicing Trudeau offer non-stop flights to five continents, namely Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. It is one of only two airports in Canada with direct flights to five continents or more, the other being Toronto Pearson International Airport. Trudeau airport is the headquarters of and a large hub for Air Canada, the country's largest airline. It is also an operating base for Air Inuit, Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. It also plays a role in general aviation as home to the headquarters of Innotech-Execair, Starlink, ACASS and Maintenance Repair & Overhaul (MRO) facilities of Air Transat and Air Inuit. Transport Canada operates a Civil Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul facility on site, with a fleet of Government owned and operated civil aircraft. Bombardier Aerospace has an assembly facility on site where they build regional jets and Challenger business jets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.941761016845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montréal–Trudeau underwent a major expansion and modernization designed to increase the terminal's capacity and substantially enhance the level of passenger service. In February 2000, with a budget of CAD716 million, ADM announced plans for an extensive expansion plan that would bring Montréal–Trudeau up to standard with other North American airports its size. The airport terminal had for the most part remained the same, with the exception of minor renovations, since its opening in the 1960s. With increased passenger volume resulting from the transfer of international scheduled passengers from Mirabel Airport in 1997, as well as Air Canada's intentions to make Montréal–Trudeau its Eastern Canada hub, there was a strong need to greatly expand the terminal, whose capacity of roughly 7 million passengers per year had been exceeded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.978038787841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Apart from these expansions, ADM inaugurated in April 2016, a commercial area between gate 52 and 53. This area is called Haltes gourmandes (English: gourmet stops) referring to the large number of restaurants located there. The new restaurants are all owned by SSP Canada Food Service Inc. Before the end of the summer 2016, SSP Canada will operate 10 locations in the terminal, managing a total of 4000 m² of terminal area. SSP plans to invest over $200 million before the end of 2016 in its airport locations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.710551261901855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montréal-Trudeau airport consists of one two-storied terminal, divided into four different zones: the public area (departures and arrivals level), the domestic jetty, the international jetty and the transborder jetty. There are two distinct areas in the public part of the airport (departure level); one is dedicated for the check-in of flights within or outside Canada (except U.S.) and the other one is for flights departing for the U.S. Both public areas are equipped with self-service check-in kiosks, a prayer area, shops and cafés. There is free Wi-Fi throughout the airport, luggage trolleys, ATMs and nursing rooms. When passengers arrive at Montréal-Trudeau from an international destination, they are welcomed into a huge and bright arrival complex, before passing through primary customs inspection, then go down one level to the baggage claim area and finally the international arrivals public area. The Aérogalerie program places artworks throughout the airport to showcase the city's artistic and cultural history. Works throughout the airport include showcases, illuminated columns, temporary exhibitions in the international arrival complex and permanent collection from various artists from the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.064253807067871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "The International jetty, also accessible via the security checkpoint A, is dedicated to flights with destinations outside Canada and United States. This jetty holds 18 gates: 50 through 53 and 55 through 68. Gates 53 and 62 are used exclusively for Passenger Transfer Vehicles. In this area, travellers can shop, eat and relax with a wide varieties of boutiques, restaurants, cafés and one of the biggest airport duty free shops in Canada. There is also a Balnea SPA branch which offers travelers various spa facilities. At the far end of the jetty, there is a wide open space with a lot of natural lights through floor to ceilings windows and a big skylight in the rooftop. The masterpiece of the jetty is a work of art, called Veil of Glass, composed of different coloured glass triangles illuminated by spotlights, created by local artist ATOMIC3. Several murals and other works of art are also located in this jetty, including four from various Montréal museums. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.773350238800049, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "*Air Canada Maple Leaf Lounge (Star Alliance) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374311447143555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "At Montréal–Trudeau and at other airports in Canada with United States border preclearance, a distinction is made between \"transborder\" and \"international\" flights for operational and statistical purposes. A \"transborder\" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination in the United States, while an \"international\" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination that is not within the United States or Canada. A \"domestic\" flight is a flight within Canada only.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.478852272033691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "The airport is accessible from Highway 20 or from Highway 520, a spur off Highway 40 that leads directly towards the airport. Both highways lead to the Dorval interchange, which drivers must take the exit for the airport. Côte-Vertu road that runs parallel to runways 24L/R provides access to the Air Canada Base and hangars, Air Transat hangars, Air Inuit hangars and Bombardier Aerospace assembly facility.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5131494998931885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "When drivers pick up or drop off guests at Trudeau, they are permitted to stop momentarily outside the Arrivals and Departure areas at both the Canada and International departures as well as the Transborder Jetty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921208381652832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Aéroports de Montréal, the City of Montreal, Transports Québec and Transport Canada are planning to improve the Dorval interchange and build direct road links between the airport and highways 20 and 520. Once the certificate of authorization was obtained, work began in June 2009 with a potential end date of 2017. The project will entail redesigning the roads network within the airport site. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7515654563903809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "* November 29, 1963 – Trans-Canada Air Lines flight 831 crashed shortly after departure for Toronto, killing all 118 people on board the Douglas DC-8 jet. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172197341918945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "* July 23, 1983 – Air Canada Flight 143, a Boeing 767 flight originating in Montreal, made an emergency landing in Gimli, Manitoba after running out of fuel. No one was injured and the incident became known as the Gimli Glider. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.864344596862793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Canada IATA code:YUL ICAO code: CYUL Elevation: 118 feet / 36 m Opened: 1941 Notams: Notams for CYUL Airport history:  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876243591308594, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal-Dorval International Airport, QC profile ..." }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montreal / Pierre Elliott Trudeau International - Canada", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.767500877380371, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal / Pierre Elliott Trudeau International - Canada" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Facilities needs a face lift – hard to compete with the grace of Toronto, but services are good; i was really impressed with security, detailed and efficient. One of the first airports in Canada to introduce self tagging of baggage. Thirty Six Dollars gets you downtown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031049728393555, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal / Pierre Elliott Trudeau International - Canada" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.362159252166748, "source": "search", "title": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Quebec (province, Canada)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344032287597656, "source": "search", "title": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "eastern province of Canada. Constituting nearly one-sixth of Canada’s total land area, Quebec is the largest of Canada’s 10 provinces in size and is second only to Ontario in population. Its capital, Quebec city, is the oldest city in Canada. The name Quebec, first bestowed on the...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333765029907227, "source": "search", "title": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "city, Quebec province, southeastern Canada. Montreal is the second most-populous city in Canada and the principal metropolis of the province of Quebec. The city of Montreal occupies about three-fourths of Montreal Island (Île de Montréal), the largest of the 234 islands of the...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320951461791992, "source": "search", "title": "Dorval | Quebec, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montreal Pierre Elliott Trudeau Airport (YUL) Information: YUL Airport in Montreal Area, QC, Canada", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.284912109375, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL)" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "(Montreal, Canada)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254798889160156, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL)" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "The city of Montreal lies within Canada's Quebec province and is the second-biggest city in the whole of the country. Located on the far south-eastern side of Canada and relatively close to the world-famous Niagara Falls, Montreal is filled with dramatic skyscrapers and stylish modern buildings, which combine to make an impressive skyline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.082305908203125, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL)" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Address: 975 Romeo Vachon Boulevard North, Suite 317, Montreal, Quebec, QC, H4Y 1H1, Canada, CA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.415356636047363, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (YUL)" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Montreal-Trudeau International Airport YUL serves the Canadian Province of Quebec and the City Montreal.  It is Canada's third-busiest airport (and one of eight with U.S. border preclearance).  Increasingly, YUL also serves the northern regions of U.S. states Vermont & New York. Over 60 percent of its air traffic is now derived from international flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.976008415222168, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Trudeau YUL Airport | Dorval, Quebec, QZ Canada" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "With three active runways serving over 13 million passengers per year, Montreal Trudeau International Airport is hub to Air Canada, Air Canada Jazz, Air Transat, CanJet & Sunwing Airlines, and is served by numerous U.S. and international airlines offering nonstop and connecting flights to all points of the globe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.060011863708496, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Trudeau YUL Airport | Dorval, Quebec, QZ Canada" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "The toll-free number for Airport inquiries from Canada, Vermont & Albany (NY) is 1-800-465-1213", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.714221000671387, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Trudeau YUL Airport | Dorval, Quebec, QZ Canada" }, { "answer": "Canada", "passage": "Canada", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390963554382324, "source": "search", "title": "Montreal Trudeau YUL Airport | Dorval, Quebec, QZ Canada" } ]

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[ { "answer": "22,300", "passage": "Lake Michigan's water surface is 22,300 square miles (57,800 square kilometers). It is the second largest of the Great Lakes by volume (1,180 cubic miles / 4,920 cubic km). Only Lake Superior is bigger.", "precise_score": 8.632192611694336, "rough_score": 9.23906135559082, "source": "search", "title": "Lake Michigan Facts: History, Depth & Temperature" }, { "answer": "22,300", "passage": "Lake Michigan, the second largest Great Lake by volume with just under 1,180 cubic miles of water, is the only Great Lake entirely within the United States. Approximately 118 miles wide and 307 miles long, Lake Michigan has more than 1,600 miles of shoreline. Averaging 279 feet in depth, the lake reaches 925 feet at its deepest point. The lake's northern tier is in the colder, less developed upper Great Lakes region, while its more temperate southern basin contains the Milwaukee and Chicago metropolitan areas. The drainage basin, approximately twice as large as the 22,300 square miles of surface water, includes portions of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. Lake Michigan is hydrologically inseparable from Lake Huron, joined by the wide Straits of Mackinac.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.289895057678223, "source": "search", "title": "Lake Michigan - Great Lakes Information Network" }, { "answer": "22,300", "passage": "WATER SURFACE AREA:  22,300 sq. miles / 57,800 sq. km.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.71502685546875, "source": "search", "title": "Lake Michigan Facts and Figures - Great Lakes Information ..." }, { "answer": "22,300", "passage": "The third largest Great Lake has a water surface area of 22,300 square miles, and it contains numerous islands, notably the Beaver Island archipelago and the North and South Manitou Islands off the coast of the \"Little Finger\" area of Michigan's mitten-shaped Lower Peninsula.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.8363261222839355, "source": "search", "title": "Michigan's Great Lakes - Pure Michigan Travel" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Randy Numan", "Randy newman", "Randy Newman", "Wandy Newman" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "randy newman", "randy numan", "wandy newman" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "randy newman", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Randy Newman" }

[ { "answer": "Randy Newman", "passage": "\"Mama Told Me (Not to Come)\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Randy Newman written for Eric Burdon's first solo album in 1966. Three Dog Night's 1970 cover of the song topped the U.S. pop singles charts. Tom Jones and the Stereophonics's cover version also hit number four on the U.K. Singles Chart in 2000.", "precise_score": 10.526383399963379, "rough_score": 8.505094528198242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mama Told Me Not to Come" }, { "answer": "Randy Newman", "passage": "P. J. Proby recorded one of the earliest versions of the song in 1967, followed by Three Dog Night's 1970 hit. It has also been recorded by a diverse range of artists, including Wilson Pickett, Lou Rawls, The Wolfgang Press, Yo La Tengo, The Slackers, and Paul Frees (as W.C. Fields) accompanied by The Animals. Lazlo Bane. Jazz singer Roseanna Vitro included it in her 2011 collection The Music of Randy Newman. A 1970 cover by The Jackson 5 was released on Come and Get It: The Rare Pearls.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.387528419494629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mama Told Me Not to Come" }, { "answer": "Randy Newman", "passage": "This was written by Randy Newman , the nephew of Academy Award-winning composer Lionel Newman. The song is about a party that left a \"bad taste\" in the writer's mouth. The drug scene was fairly new to American middle-class youth at that time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.64349889755249, "source": "search", "title": "Mama Told Me (Not to Come) by Three Dog Night Songfacts" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Cancer pathology", "Deaths by cancer", "Anti-cancer", "Cancer (disease)", "Cancerophobia", "Malignant lesion", "Cancer medication", "Malignant tumors", "Cancer signs", "Malignant neoplasm", "Invasive (cancer)", "Malignant Neoplasms", "Malignant growth", "Sporadic cancer", "Malignant cancer", "Tumour virus", "Cancer en cuirasse", "Microtumor", "Malignant neoplasms", "Malignant tumour", "Carcinophobia", "Malignacy", "Cancer patient", "Epithelial cancers", "Solid cancer", "Cancers", "Tumor medication", "Malignant neoplastic disease", "AIDS-related cancer", "Invasive cancer", "Cancer therapy", "Cancerous tumor", "Cancer", "Financial toxicity", "Cancer diagnosis", "Cancer (medicine)", "Malignant tumor", "Cancerous", "Borderline (cancer)", "Signs of cancer", "Malignancies", "Cancer aromatase" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "aids related cancer", "sporadic cancer", "cancer disease", "malignant tumors", "cancers", "carcinophobia", "cancer", "cancer diagnosis", "malignant neoplastic disease", "malignant neoplasm", "tumour virus", "cancer medicine", "deaths by cancer", "malignant tumour", "epithelial cancers", "solid cancer", "cancerous", "borderline cancer", "invasive cancer", "anti cancer", "cancer pathology", "cancer signs", "cancer aromatase", "cancer therapy", "financial toxicity", "cancerophobia", "cancer en cuirasse", "cancer patient", "cancerous tumor", "malignant cancer", "malignant neoplasms", "tumor medication", "signs of cancer", "malignacy", "malignant tumor", "cancer medication", "microtumor", "malignancies", "malignant lesion", "malignant growth" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "cancer", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Cancer" }

[ { "answer": "Cancer", "passage": "The twelve signs are divided into two polarities, called active or passive, or sometimes masculine and feminine, positive and negative, Yang and Yin. This classification corresponds to two quite distinct tonalities, the first one bringing extraversion, action, self-confidence and dynamism, the second one, introversion, reactivity, reflection and caution. None is superior to the other, each group has its own assets and shortcomings. Odd signs - Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius and Aquarius - belong to the first group, whereas even signs - Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn and Pisces - belong to the second group.", "precise_score": -10.526220321655273, "rough_score": -10.675515174865723, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Harrison Ford, date of birth: 1942/07/13 ..." }, { "answer": "Cancer", "passage": "In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Cancer, Gemini and Libra. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996718406677246, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Harrison Ford, date of birth: 1942/07/13 ..." }, { "answer": "Cancer", "passage": "Cancer is one of your dominant signs and endows you with imagination and exceptionally shrewd sensitivity. Although suspicious at first sight - and even at second...- as soon as you get familiar with people and let them win your confidence, your golden heart eventually shows up, despite your discretion and your desire for security that make you return into your shell at the slightest alert! Actually, you are a poet and if you are sometimes blamed for your nostalgia and your laziness, it is because your intense inner life is at full throttle...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187058448791504, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Harrison Ford, date of birth: 1942/07/13 ..." }, { "answer": "Cancer", "passage": "In your chart, the Sun is in Cancer and Venus, in Gemini. Such different signs as Cancer and Gemini can only forge an affectivity that is rich in its contrasts and complexity. It comprises two antinomical modes: the desire for discovery of Venus in Gemini opposes the ideal of security of the Sun in Cancer. The former is a learning function and lives on the multiplicity of experiences. The latter is a protection function and tends to isolate the couple in order to enable thorough exchanges and total fusion. It is crucial that you find a good balance between these equally important tendencies: to experience renewed emotions, without endangering the absolute and unique nature of the relationship, amounts to allow your affectivity some freedom within a context of mutual respect and confidence. Freedom does not mean unfaithfulness! The wholeness and indivisibility of the cell-couple is of utmost importance. You are possessive and exclusive. However, Venus in Gemini needs her fair share of varied emotions. Routine destroys desire in the medium term. You may tend to establish a playful mode in your couple; whims and fantasy nurture steady bonds. If this condition is met, you become able to build a relationship full of tenderness, never barren, never smothered by inextricable and disastrous habits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86645221710205, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Harrison Ford, date of birth: 1942/07/13 ..." }, { "answer": "Cancer", "passage": "His mother Dorothy Ford died of lung cancer on February 10, 2004 at age 86.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.820930480957031, "source": "search", "title": "Harrison Ford - Biography - IMDb" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Muhammad Abdul Aziz", "Malcolm ex", "Hajj Malik El Shabazz", "Detroit Red", "Norman 3X Butler", "El-Hajj Malik Shabazz", "Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz", "Malcom x", "Malik al-Shabazz", "Attillah Shabazz", "El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz", "Malcolm Little", "Malcom X", "El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz", "Malcomx", "Malik Shabbaz", "El-Hajj Malik", "Malcolm x", "Malik El-Shabazz", "Malcolm the Tenth", "El-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz", "Thomas 15X Johnson", "Atallah Shabazz", "Malcolm X Shabazz", "Khalil Islam", "Malcom X Little", "Omowale", "Malcolm X", "El Hajj Malik El Shabazz", "Malik Shabazz", "M Alcolm X", "Al Hajj Malik al-Shabazz", "Malcolm-x", "Malcolmx", "الحاجّ مالك الشباز" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "malcomx", "malik shabazz", "malik el shabazz", "khalil islam", "al hajj malik al shabazz", "al hajj malik el shabazz", "malcom x", "malcolmx", "omowale", "malcolm x", "el hajj malik shabazz", "detroit red", "malcolm x shabazz", "thomas 15x johnson", "malcom x little", "malcolm tenth", "norman 3x butler", "atallah shabazz", "el hajj malik el shabazz", "malik shabbaz", "el hajj malik", "malcolm little", "hajj malik el shabazz", "m alcolm x", "الحاجّ مالك الشباز", "attillah shabazz", "malik al shabazz", "muhammad abdul aziz", "malcolm ex" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "malcolm x", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Malcolm X" }

[ { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "The Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) was founded by Malcolm X , John Henrik Clarke , and other black nationalist leaders on June 24, 1964 in Harlem, New York .  Formed shortly after his break with the Nation of Islam , the OAAU was a secular institution that sought to unify 22 million non- Muslim African Americans with the people of the African Continent. The OAAU was modeled after the Organization of African Unity (OAU) , a coalition of 53 African nations working to provide a unified political voice for the continent. In the coalition spirit of the OAU, Malcolm X sought to reconnect African Americans with their African heritage, establish economic independence, and promote African American self-determination.  He also sought OAAU representation on the OAU. ", "precise_score": 11.005373001098633, "rough_score": 10.306327819824219, "source": "search", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "(1964) Malcolm X’s Speech at the Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed", "precise_score": 8.419852256774902, "rough_score": 9.054259300231934, "source": "search", "title": "(1964) Malcolm X’s Speech at the Founding Rally of the ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "(1964) Malcolm X’s Speech at the Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity", "precise_score": 8.670393943786621, "rough_score": 9.571667671203613, "source": "search", "title": "(1964) Malcolm X’s Speech at the Founding Rally of the ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "Malcolm X, along with John Henrik Clarke, wrote the following into the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) Basic Unity Program:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.965860843658447, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity" }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "Malcolm X did not have sufficient time to invest in the OAAU to help it flourish. After his death, Malcolm X's half-sister, Ella Little-Collins, took over the leadership of the OAAU, but dwindling membership and Malcolm X's absence eventually led to the collapse of the organization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.803179740905762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity" }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "Malcolm X at the Founding Rally of the OAAU,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.88084888458252, "source": "search", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "The OAAU was designed to encompass all peoples of African origin in the Western hemisphere, as well those on the African continent.  Malcolm X insisted that progress for African Americans was intimately tied to progress in Africa, and outlined a platform of five fronts for this progress called \"The Basic Unity Program.\" This program called for Restoration, Reorientation, Education, Economic Security, and Self-Defense as a means of promoting Pan-African unity and interests.  With a strong focus on education as the primary means of repairing the damages of slavery, economic discrimination, and physical violence directed towards African Americans, the OAAU hoped to foster pan-African consciousness.  Among the more controversial positions taken by the OAAU was the suggestion that leaders of African states held more legitimate political power for African Americans than did the American government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7185075283050537, "source": "search", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "At the founding conference, Malcolm X stressed the importance of escaping terms like \"negro,\" \" integration ,\" or \"emancipation,\" insisting that such language was inherently pejorative and antithetical to the ideology of the OAAU.  The OAAU called for African American-run institutions within the black community as well as increased participation in mainstream politics.  In order to keep the OAAU strictly in African American hands, Malcolm X insisted that there be no monetary donations from non-African sources. The organization also refused membership to whites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.467268943786621, "source": "search", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "After Malcolm X was assassinated in the Audubon Ballroom on February 19, 1965, the fledgling movement died.  Malcolm's half-sister Ella Collins took over the OAAU, but without his charismatic leadership, most members deserted the organization.  Nonetheless the OAAU became the inspiration for hundreds of \"black power\" groups that emerged during the next decade. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.727291107177734, "source": "search", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) 1965 | The ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "in Malcolm X (American Muslim leader): Final years", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.308954238891602, "source": "search", "title": "Organization of Afro-American Unity - britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "X later founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He then made 2 trips to Africa and to Mecca in the Middle East in 1964. During his trip to Mecca he saw that Muslims were not only black, but white, and every other race and ethnic group. He gained a new outlook and he mellowed from his approach that many saw as radical. On February 14, 1965, someone threw a “Molotov cocktail” into X’s house, no one was hurt but he began to realize that he was a marked man. One week later on February 21, 1965; while speaking at a meeting of Afro-American Unity in Harlem, New York, X was killed by men who stormed the stage with guns. His wife and children were in the audience when he was assassinated. His assassins were supporters of Elijah Muhammed. At his death, X was a hero and a villain to many blacks and whites, but since his death his stature as a champion of civil rights and equality has increased. He has almost rivaled that of M.L.King Jr. Many of you may have seen the movie Malcolm X with Denzel Washington. If you haven’t seen it, I’d encourage you to do so. X distinguished between separation and segregation. He insisted that segregation could not give blacks genuine equality, because segregation is always understood in terms of some other group. Freedom for blacks could only come from a separation from white America. He called himself a separatist , not a racist. X’s views frequently clashed with King’s. X respected King, but he believed that King’s non violent protest movement was not working or not working fast enough. He believed in what he called “ righteous anger .” He saw that when people became angry, then things changed. In his view, when people did not get angry, nothing ever changed. X was convinced that one could not speak the language of love, peace and nonviolence to a racist. He felt that one had to speak the language of the racist to get some attention. He said, “You have to speak their language, the language of brutality. Let’s learn the racist’s language. If his language is with a shotgun, get a shotgun. If he understands the language of a rifle, get a rifle. If he only understands the language of a rope, get a rope.” X believed that many blacks were not non violent, loving and forgiving with each other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.579235076904297, "source": "search", "title": "X later founded the Organization of Afro-American ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "How could they then be nonviolent, loving and forgiving toward whites? He believed that the only way to become non violent, was if everyone became nonviolent. He felt that as long as white America and the KKK and the White Citizen’s Council were violent, blacks had to respond in kind. Malcolm X really did not advocate violence, but he felt that if the white hate groups were being violent, then how could his people not be violent in return. So you see that X had a very different mode of trying to gain equality for", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124968528747559, "source": "search", "title": "X later founded the Organization of Afro-American ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "Malcolm X’s life changed dramatically in the first six months of 1964.  On March 8, he left the Nation of Islam.  In May he toured West Africa and made a pilgrimage to Mecca, returning as El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz.  While in Ghana in May, he decided to form the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU).  Malcolm returned to New York the following month to create the OAAU and on June 28 gave his first public address on behalf of the new organization at the Audubon Ballroom in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan.  That address appears below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.106332302093506, "source": "search", "title": "(1964) Malcolm X’s Speech at the Founding Rally of the ..." }, { "answer": "Malcolm X", "passage": "Malcolm X, By Any Means Necessary: Speeches, Interviews, and a Letter by Malcolm X (New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970), pp. 35-67.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262436866760254, "source": "search", "title": "(1964) Malcolm X’s Speech at the Founding Rally of the ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The Magellan spacecraft was launched on May 4, 1989, arrived at Venus on August 10, 1990 and was inserted into a near-polar elliptical orbit with a periapsis altitude of 294 km at 9.5 deg. N. Radio contact with Magellan was lost on October 12, 1994. The primary objectives of the Magellan mission were to map the surface of Venus with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and to determine the topographic relief of the planet. At the completion of radar mapping 98% of the surface was imaged at resolutions better than 100 m, and many areas were imaged multiple times. The image at the top of the page shows the 30-km diametar crater Adivar, with a jet-like streak extending off to the left. The streak, which measures over 500 km in length, is probably the result of the initial crater-forming impact. (This image is from C1-MIDR 15N077;1, framelet 52, Magellan CD-ROM MG_0019.) The mission was divided up into \"cycles\", each cycle lasted 243 days (the time necessary for Venus to rotate once under the Magellan orbit - i.e. the time necessary for Magellan to \"see\" the entire surface once.) The mission proceeded as follows:", "precise_score": 3.7104685306549072, "rough_score": 7.052271842956543, "source": "search", "title": "Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Venus was the first planet to ever be reached by a space probe . In 1962, Mariner 2 flew within 34,400 kilometers of the surface of Venus and transmitted to Earth information about its temperature and details about its atmosphere and rotational period. The Soviet probe, Venera 7 was the first probe to land on Venus. Unfortunately, it was put out of operation within an hour by Venus' high temperature. In 1982, Venera 13 transmitted the first color pictures from Venus' surface. The Orbiter of Pioneer Venus was launched on May 20, 1978. It entered an orbit around Venus in December of that same year. Its primary objectives were to investigate the solar wind in the Venusian environment, use radar imaging to map Venus' surface and study the characteristics of the Venusian upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Most of the Orbiter instruments were still working when the probe entered the Venusian atmosphere in October of 1992. The Magellan spacecraft , launched in 1989, arrived at Venus on August 10, 1990. Before its demise in October 1994, Magellan was able to collect radar images of 98% of Venus' surface.", "precise_score": 5.614001274108887, "rough_score": 9.053385734558105, "source": "search", "title": "StarChild: Space Probes to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a 1,035-kilogram robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus using Synthetic Aperture Radar and measure the planetary gravity.", "precise_score": 9.650444984436035, "rough_score": 10.278116226196289, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "It was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first to use an inertial upper stage booster and was the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing an orbit. Magellan was the fourth successful, NASA funded mission to Venus and ended an eleven year U.S. interplanetary exploration hiatus.", "precise_score": 2.5815303325653076, "rough_score": 6.125096797943115, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan was launched on May 4, 1989, at 18:46:59 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from KSC Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis during mission STS-30. Once in orbit, an Inertial Upper Stage booster, deployed from the shuttle and launched on May 5, 1989 01:06:00 UTC, sending the spacecraft into a Type IV, heliocentric orbit where it would circle the Sun 1.5 times, before reaching Venus 15 months later on August 10, 1990.", "precise_score": 5.771428108215332, "rough_score": 8.93246078491211, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Further complicating the launch however, was the upcoming Galileo mission to Jupiter, which included a flyby of Venus. Intended for launch in 1986, the pressures to ensure a launch for Galileo in 1989, mixed with a short launch-window necessitating a mid-October launch, resulted in replanning the Magellan mission. Weary of rapid shuttle launches, the decision was made to launch Magellan in May, and into an orbit that would require 1 year and 3 months before encountering Venus.", "precise_score": 4.77415657043457, "rough_score": 6.026787281036377, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The American Magellan probe arrived at Venus in 1990 and mapped the cloud covered planet in unprecedented detail. The spacecraft's powerful radar penetrated the thick atmosphere and accurately recorded Venus's surface features. Scientists were surprised that the planet's geology turned out to be so unlike the Earth's.", "precise_score": 3.3108949661254883, "rough_score": 5.8220062255859375, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "As one of the brightest objects in the sky, Venus has been a major fixture in human culture for as long as records have existed. It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures, and has been a prime inspiration for writers and poets as the \"morning star\" and \"evening star\". Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky, as early as the second millennium BC, and was a prime target for early interplanetary exploration as the closest planet to Earth. It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft (Mariner 2) in 1962, and the first to be successfully landed on (by Venera 7) in 1970. Venus's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light, and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991. Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions, but they are hindered by Venus's hostile surface conditions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9588303565979004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Venus" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The Venusian surface was a subject of speculation until some of its secrets were revealed by planetary science in the 20th century. Venera landers in 1975 and 1982 returned images of a surface covered in sediment and relatively angular rocks. The surface was mapped in detail by Magellan in 1990–91. The ground shows evidence of extensive volcanism, and the sulfur in the atmosphere may indicate that there have been some recent eruptions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.801738262176514, "source": "wiki", "title": "Venus" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The surface of Venus is effectively isothermal; it retains a constant temperature not only between day and night but between the equator and the poles. Venus's minute axial tilt—less than 3°, compared to 23° on Earth—also minimises seasonal temperature variation. The only appreciable variation in temperature occurs with altitude. The highest point on Venus, Maxwell Montes, is therefore the coolest point on Venus, with a temperature of about 380 C and an atmospheric pressure of about 45 bar. In 1995, the Magellan spacecraft imaged a highly reflective substance at the tops of the highest mountain peaks that bore a strong resemblance to terrestrial snow. This substance likely formed from a similar process to snow, albeit at a far higher temperature. Too volatile to condense on the surface, it rose in gaseous form to higher elevations, where it is cooler and could precipitate. The identity of this substance is not known with certainty, but speculation has ranged from elemental tellurium to lead sulfide (galena). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.213319778442383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Venus" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "All the planets in the Solar System orbit the Sun in an anti-clockwise direction as viewed from above Earth's north pole. Most planets also rotate on their axes in an anti-clockwise direction, but Venus rotates clockwise in retrograde rotation once every 243 Earth days—the slowest rotation of any planet. Because its rotation is so slow, Venus is very close to spherical. A Venusian sidereal day thus lasts longer than a Venusian year (243 versus 224.7 Earth days). Venus's equator rotates at , whereas Earth's is approximately 1670 km/h. Venus's rotation has slowed down by per Venusian sidereal day in the between the Magellan spacecraft and Venus Express visits. Because of the retrograde rotation, the length of a solar day on Venus is significantly shorter than the sidereal day, at 116.75 Earth days (making the Venusian solar day shorter than Mercury's 176 Earth days). One Venusian year is about 1.92 Venusian solar days. To an observer on the surface of Venus, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east, although Venus's opaque clouds prevent observing the Sun from the planet's surface. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.24343204498291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Venus" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Several other Venus flybys took place in the 1980s and 1990s that increased the understanding of Venus, including Vega 1 (1985), Vega 2 (1985), Galileo (1990), Magellan (1994), Cassini–Huygens (1998), and MESSENGER (2006). Then, Venus Express by the European Space Agency (ESA) entered orbit around Venus in April 2006. Equipped with seven scientific instruments, Venus Express provided unprecedented long-term observation of Venus's atmosphere. ESA concluded that mission in December 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6928961277008057, "source": "wiki", "title": "Venus" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan Mission to Venus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.101530075073242, "source": "search", "title": "Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan Mission to Venus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.101530075073242, "source": "search", "title": "Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "More detailed information about the cycles is available. A total of 4225 usable SAR imaging orbits was obtained by Magellan. Each orbit typically covered an area 20 km wide by 17,000 km long, at a resolution of 75 m/pixel. This raw SAR data was processed into image strips called full-resolution basic image data records (F-BIDRs). Adjacent F-BIDRs were then assembled into full-resolution mosaicked image data records (F-MIDRs). These images were then compressed once (by a factor of 3), twice (9), or 3 times (27), to give C1-, C2-, and C3-MIDRs. The MIDRs are available on the Magellan MIDR CD-ROMs from NSSDCA. More details about using Magellan CD-ROM's are also available, as are answers to frequently asked questions about the CD-ROMs and MIDRs. In addition, a CD-ROM Browser is available courtesy of the PDS Microwave Subnode. Other data was also collected by Magellan and is available at the NSSDCA. Altimetry and radiometry composite data records (ARCDR) are available on the ARCDR CD-ROMs . Magellan also collected radar emissivity, radar reflectivity, slope, and topographic data, available on the GxDR CD-ROMs , and gravity and radio occultation data. The USGS has also produced a set of full-resolution mosaics called FMAPs . All the Magellan CD-ROMs mentioned above have been produced under the auspices of the Planetary Data System, and have PDS formats and labels. Below is shown a global map of radar reflectance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.420342445373535, "source": "search", "title": "Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The Magellan mission scientific objectives were to study land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes, and model the interior of Venus. Magellan showed us an Earth-sized planet with no evidence of Earth-like plate tectonics. At least 85% of the surface is covered with volcanic flows, the remainder by highly deformed mountain belts. Even with the high surface temperature (475 C) and high atmospheric pressure (92 bars), the complete lack of water makes erosion a negligibly slow process, and surface features can persist for hundreds of millions of years. Some surface modification in the form of wind streaks was observed. Over 80% of Venus lies within 1 km of the mean radius of 6051.84 km. The mean surface age is estimated to be about 500 My. A major unanswered question concerns whether the entire surface was covered in a series of large events 500 My ago, or if it has been covered slowly over time. The gravity field of Venus is highly correlated with the surface topography, which indicates the mechanism of topographic support is unlike the Earth, and may be controlled by processes deep in the interior. Details of the global tectonics on Venus are still unresolved.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.439925193786621, "source": "search", "title": "Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Shown here is a section of a Magellan radar image of a 40 x 60 km \"petal\" type volcano in eastern Aphrodite Terra, centered at 7.5 S, 200.5. This image is taken from F-MIDR 10S200, framelets 6 and 7, CD-ROM MG_0027. Clicking on the image will give the full-resolution view as it appears on the F-MIDR.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.311025619506836, "source": "search", "title": "Magellan Mission to Venus - NASA" }, { "answer": "Magellen", "passage": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.031622886657715, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellen", "passage": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6569600105285645, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Originally, Magellan had been scheduled for launch in 1988 with a trajectory lasting six months. However, due to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986, several missions, including Galileo and Magellan, were deferred until the shuttle flights resumed September 1988. Intended to be launched with a new, liquid fueled, Centaur-G shuttle deploy-able upper-stage booster, subsequently canceled after the Challenger disaster, Magellan had to be modified to attach to a less powerful solid-fueled, Inertial Upper Stage. The next best opportunity for launch would occur in October 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0063364505767822, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan was a unique mission, the first dedicated U.S. mission to study in detail, using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), the surface of Venus. Because Magellan was intended to be a low cost mission, major components of the spacecraft were obtained from flight spares from other programs including Galileo, Viking, Voyager, Mariner, Skylab, Ulysses, and even the shuttle. Designed as a follow-up to the mapping portion of the Pioneer Venus mission, Magellan's purpose was to: (1) obtain near-global radar images of Venus' surface with a resolution equivalent to optical imaging of 1 km per line pair; (2) obtain a near-global topographic map with 50 km spatial and 100 m vertical resolution; (3) obtain near-global gravity field data with 700 km resolution and 2--3 milligals (1 gal = 1 cm/s**2) accuracy; and, (4) develop an understanding of the geological structure of the planet, including its density distribution and dynamics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9684696197509766, "source": "search", "title": "Magellen Spacecraft Arrives at Venus | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video, facts & news)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0024995803833, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan maps Venus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.956611633300781, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The Magellan spacecraft ended its mission in 1994 after mapping the surface of Venus using cloud penetrating radar. The probe revealed numerous volcanoes and lava flows around the planet. Venus's noxious atmosphere, high temperatures and pressures make landing a probe on the surface very difficult.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.671115398406982, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Sir Patrick Moore and his guest explain the Magellan probe's instruments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.797578811645508, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Sir Patrick Moore and his guest Dr Peter Cattermole discuss Magellan's radar and other instruments as the probe starts its mapping mission at Venus in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.12201888859272003, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan's first pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370110511779785, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Sir Patrick Moore and his guest Dr Peter Cattermole have a look at the first radar images of Venus returned from the Magellan probe in 1990. Dr Cattermole describes and interprets the geology of Venus on the basis of what he sees in the images.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1339707374572754, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "The Magellan probe shows mysterious Venusian geology.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.892265796661377, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Solar System - Magellan probe (pictures, video ..." }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan was a unique mission, the first dedicated U.S. mission to study in detail, using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), the surface of Venus. Because Magellan was intended to be a low cost mission, major components of the spacecraft were obtained from flight spares from other programs including Galileo, Viking, Voyager, Mariner, Skylab, Ulysses, and even the shuttle. Designed as a follow-up to the mapping portion of the Pioneer Venus mission, Magellan's purpose was to: (1) obtain near-global radar images of Venus' surface with a resolution equivalent to optical imaging of 1 km per line pair; (2) obtain a near-global topographic map with 50 km spatial and 100 m vertical resolution; (3) obtain near-global gravity field data with 700 km resolution and 2--3 milligals (1 gal = 1 cm/s**2) accuracy; and, (4) develop an understanding of the geological structure of the planet, including its density distribution and dynamics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9684696197509766, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan reached Venus and went into orbit on 10 August 1990. The initial phase of the mission (Cycle 1) began shortly after orbital insertion about Venus and lasted for eight months (15 Sept. 1990--15 May 1991). During this cycle, Magellan collected radar images of about 84% of the planet's surface. Cycle 2 lasted from the end of cycle 1 until 15 Jan. 1992, during which the spacecraft obtained images of the southern polar region and filled numerous gaps left in cycle 1 information. Cycle 3 began on 24 Jan. 1992 and lasted until 15 Sept. 1992, during which the remaining gaps from cycle 1 were filled in as well as providing data which, in combination with earlier data, could be used to produce stereo images of the surface. Cycle 4 lasted from 15 Sept. 1992 to May 1993 and consisted of gravity data acquisition from the elliptical orbit. An aerobraking maneuver, in which Magellan was dipped into the Venus atmosphere to shed orbital energy and bring the spacecraft into a more circular orbit, was performed from 24 May until 02 August 1993. At the end of aerobraking, the orbit had a periapsis of 180 km, an apoapsis of 540 km, and a period of 94 minutes. Cycle 5 was used to acquire gravity from this orbit from 03 August 1993 until 29 August 1994, giving high-resolution gravity data for about 95% of the planet. In September, 1994 the Windmill experiment took place, in which the solar panels were tilted at an angle so that atmospheric drag put a torque on the craft, which could be measured to give information about the atmospheric density at different altitudes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.721454381942749, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details" }, { "answer": "Magellan", "passage": "Magellan began its final descent into the Venus atmosphere on 11 October 1994. On 12 October radio contact was lost, and the spacecraft presumably burned up in the atmosphere on 13 or 14 October 1994. By the end of the mission, over 99% of the planet's surface had been mapped with a resolution ten times better than that obtained by the earlier Soviet Venera 15 and 16 missions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9583499431610107, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Garry Kasparoff", "Garry Kasparov", "Gary Kimovich Kasparov", "Garry Kazparov", "Garry Kimovich", "Kazparov", "Kasparow", "Gary Kasparov", "Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров", "Garri Kasparow", "Garry Weinstein", "Garri Kasparov", "Garry Kimovich Kasparov", "Harry Kasparov", "Kasparovian", "Kasparov", "Gari Weinstein", "Gary Kasparoff", "Gari Kasparov" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "garry kazparov", "garry kasparov", "gary kasparov", "garri kasparow", "gary kasparoff", "garri kasparov", "kasparow", "gari weinstein", "garry kasparoff", "gary kimovich kasparov", "harry kasparov", "garry weinstein", "garry kimovich kasparov", "garry kimovich", "kazparov", "kasparov", "kasparovian", "gari kasparov", "га́рри ки́мович каспа́ров" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "gary kasparov", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Gary Kasparov" }

[ { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Alternative Titles: Garri Kimovich Kasparov, Garri Weinstein, Harry Weinstein", "precise_score": 0.4010002017021179, "rough_score": 0.7517564296722412, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov, in full Garri Kimovich Kasparov, original name Garri Weinstein or Harry Weinstein (born April 13, 1963, Baku , Azerbaijan , U.S.S.R.), Russian chess master who became the world chess champion in 1985.", "precise_score": 8.5176420211792, "rough_score": 8.666239738464355, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov was born to a Jewish father and an Armenian mother. He began playing chess at age 6, by age 13 was the Soviet youth champion, and won his first international tournament at age 16 in 1979. Kasparov became an international grandmaster in 1980. From 1973 to 1978 he studied under former world champion Mikhail Botvinnik .", "precise_score": -7.711248397827148, "rough_score": -7.661837100982666, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov first challenged the reigning world champion Anatoly Karpov in a 1984–85 match, after he survived the Fédération Internationale des Échecs ( FIDE ; the international chess federation) series of elimination matches. Kasparov lost four out of the first nine games but then adopted a careful defensive stance, taking an extraordinarily long series of drawn games with the champion. With Kasparov finally having won three games from the exhausted Karpov, FIDE halted the series after 48 games, a decision protested by Kasparov. In the two players’ rematch in 1985, Kasparov narrowly defeated Karpov in a 24-game series and thereby became the youngest official champion in the history of the game.", "precise_score": -6.125003337860107, "rough_score": -7.991365909576416, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1993 Kasparov and the English grandmaster Nigel Short left FIDE and formed a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped the title of world champion from Kasparov, who defeated Short that same year to become the PCA world champion. In 1995 he successfully defended his PCA title against Viswanathan Anand of India .", "precise_score": -3.771970272064209, "rough_score": -8.205782890319824, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Weinstein", "passage": "Original name Garry Weinstein or Harry Weinstein, Russian chess master who became the world chess champion in 1985.", "precise_score": 8.639699935913086, "rough_score": 9.243514060974121, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov was born to a Jewish father and an Armenian mother. He began playing chess at age 6, by age 13 was the Soviet youth champion, and won his first international tournament at age 16 in 1979. Kasparov became an international grandmaster in 1980. From 1973 to 1978 he studied under former world champion Mikhail Botvinnik .", "precise_score": -7.711248397827148, "rough_score": -7.661837100982666, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1993 Kasparov and the English grandmaster Nigel Short left FIDE and formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped the title of world champion from Kasparov, who defeated Short that same year to become the PCA world champion. In 1995 he successfully defended his PCA title against Viswanathan Anand of India.", "precise_score": -3.7148971557617188, "rough_score": -8.213626861572266, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "He became an international grandmaster following his victory in the 1980 World Junior (under 20) Championship. In 1984–85 Kasparov met world champion Anatoly Karpov in a match that was aborted after five months of play; in late 1985, Kasparov won a 24-game return match 13–11. The International Chess Federation (FIDE) stripped him of his title in 1993 in a conflict over the venue for a championship match, but the rest of the chess world still accepted him as champion. In 1996 Kasparov defeated IBM's custom-built chess computer Deep Blue in a match that attracted worldwide attention. In a 1997 rematch, an upgraded Deep Blue prevailed. In 2000 Kasparov lost a 16-game championship match to Vladimir Kramnik of Russia.", "precise_score": -4.5613603591918945, "rough_score": -5.3532609939575195, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "in full  Garri Kimovich Kasparov,  original name  Garri Weinstein  or  Harry Weinstein ", "precise_score": 2.5078394412994385, "rough_score": 1.0611169338226318, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "      Kasparov was born to a Jewish father and an Armenian mother. He began playing chess at age 6, by age 13 was the Soviet youth champion, and won his first international tournament at age 16 in 1979. Kasparov became an international grandmaster in 1980. From 1973 to 1978 he studied under former world champion Mikhail Botvinnik ( Botvinnik, Mikhail Moiseyevich ).", "precise_score": -7.441221237182617, "rough_score": -7.6434245109558105, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "      Kasparov first challenged the reigning world champion Anatoly Karpov ( Karpov, Anatoly Yevgenyevich ) in a 1984–85 match, after he survived the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE ( chess ); the international chess federation) series of elimination matches. Kasparov lost four out of the first nine games but then adopted a careful defensive stance, taking an extraordinarily long series of drawn games with the champion. With Kasparov finally having won three games from the exhausted Karpov, FIDE halted the series after 48 games, a decision protested by Kasparov. In the two players' rematch in 1985, Kasparov narrowly defeated Karpov in a 24-game series and thereby became the youngest official champion in the history of the game.", "precise_score": -5.946876049041748, "rough_score": -8.184690475463867, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "      In 1993 Kasparov and the English grandmaster Nigel Short left FIDE and formed a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped the title of world champion from Kasparov, who defeated Short that same year to become the PCA world champion. In 1995 he successfully defended his PCA title against Viswanathan Anand ( Anand, Viswanathan ) of India.", "precise_score": -3.678833246231079, "rough_score": -8.267672538757324, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov was born in Baku, Azerbaijan on 13 April 1963. He was originally called Harry Weinstein. When his father died he was given a Russian version of his mother's maiden name, Kasparova. In 1975, at the age of 12, he won the USSR junior (under 18) chess championship. He repeated his performance in 1976.", "precise_score": 2.563502073287964, "rough_score": 1.8552381992340088, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In March, 1993 Kasparov won at Linares, Spain. This was a Category 18 event, with 11 of the top 14 players in the world participating. In March, 1993 Kasparov declined to play for the world chess championship organized by FIDE. FIDE forfeited Kasparov as the World Champion as Kasparov founded the Professional Chess Association. In September, Kasparov began his PCA World Championship match in London against Nigel Short. Kasparov won the match with a score of 12.5 - 7.5.", "precise_score": -6.577451705932617, "rough_score": -8.332193374633789, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "a Russian chess grandmaster, a former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist, considered by many to be the greatest chess player of all time. Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22 by ...", "precise_score": -6.014662265777588, "rough_score": -7.418698310852051, "source": "search", "title": "Garik Kimovich Weinstein - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov was born in Baku, Azerbaijan on 13 April 1963. He was originally called Harry Weinstein. When his father died he was given a Russian version of his mother's maiden name, Kasparova. In 1975, at the age of 12, he won the USSR junior (under 18) chess championship. He repeated his performance in 1976.", "precise_score": 2.563502073287964, "rough_score": 1.8552381992340088, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In March, 1993 Kasparov won at Linares, Spain. This was a Category 18 event, with 11 of the top 14 players in the world participating. In March, 1993 Kasparov declined to play for the world chess championship organized by FIDE. FIDE forfeited Kasparov as the World Champion as Kasparov founded the Professional Chess Association. In September, Kasparov began his PCA World Championship match in London against Nigel Short. Kasparov won the match with a score of 12.5 - 7.5.", "precise_score": -6.577451705932617, "rough_score": -8.332193374633789, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Originally named Garry Kimovich Weinstein (or Weinshtein), he was born in Baku, in what was then the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Republic of Azerbaijan), and is the son of Klara Shagenovna Kasparova and Kim Moiseyevich Weinstein. At five years old, young Garry Weinstein taught himself how to play chess from watching his relatives solve chess puzzles in a newspaper. His immense natural talent was soon realized and from age 7, he attended the Young Pioneer Palace in Baku (where for some time he was known as \"Garry Bronstein\".*). At 10, he began training at the Mikhail Botvinnik Soviet chess school. He was first coached by Vladimir Andreevich Makogonov and later by Alexander Shakarov . Five years after his father's untimely death from leukemia, the twelve year old chess prodigy adopted the Russian-sounding name Garry Kasparov (Kas-PARE-off) a reference to his mother's Armenian maiden name, Gasparyan (or Kasparian).", "precise_score": -2.6259119510650635, "rough_score": -5.362332344055176, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Junior Twelve-year old Kasparov won the Soviet Junior Championship, held in Tbilisi in 1976 scoring 7/9, and repeated his success in 1977, winning with a score of 8� of 9. The next several years were spent marking his rise as a world-class talent. He became World Junior Champion in 1980 in Dortmund, the same year he earned the grandmaster title.", "precise_score": -7.035010814666748, "rough_score": -7.638257026672363, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "World On the basis of his result in the 1981 Soviet Championship, which doubled as a zonal tournament for the USSR region, he earned a place in the 1982 Moscow Interzonal tournament, which he won, to qualify for the Candidates Tournament matches that were held in 1983 and 1984. At age 19, he was the youngest Candidate since Robert James Fischer , who was 15 when he qualified in 1958. At this stage, he was already the #2-rated player in the world, trailing only world champion Karpov on the January 1983 list. These Candidates matches were the first and last Candidates matches Kasparov contested, as he declined to participate in the Candidates held under the auspices of the PCA in 2002 to decide a challenger to his successor as classical World Champion, Vladimir Kramnik . Kasparov's first Candidates match in Moscow was a best-of-ten affair against Alexander Beliavsky , whom he defeated 6�3 (+4 -1 =4). After much political ado, Kasparov defeated Viktor Korchnoi in London in the best-of-12 semi-final match by 7�4 (+4 -1 =6), and in early 1984 in Vilnius he defeated former World Champion Vasily Smyslov in the best-of-16 finals played by 8.5-4.5 (+4 =9 -0) to earn his challenge against Karpov. By the time the match with Smyslov was played, Kasparov had become the number-one ranked player in the world with a FIDE rating of 2710. He became the youngest ever world number-one, a record that lasted 12 years until being broken by Vladimir Kramnik in January 1996 and again by his former pupil, Magnus Carlsen in 2010.", "precise_score": -4.3432416915893555, "rough_score": -8.257484436035156, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Under Kasparov's tutelage, Carlsen became the youngest ever to achieve a FIDE rating higher than 2800, and the youngest ever world number one. Kasparov also assisted Anand�s preparation for the Anand - Topalov World Chess Championship (2010) against challenger Veselin Topalov . Since his retirement, Kasparov has concentrated much of his time and energy in Russian politics. He is also a prolific author, most famously his <My Great Predecessors> series. His politics and authorship are discussed at some detail in the wiki article and at his official website cited below. In 2007, he was ranked 25th in The Daily Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses and has won 11 Chess Oscars.", "precise_score": -9.162796020507812, "rough_score": -8.134824752807617, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488811492919922, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430620193481445, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov contemplating his next move against former world chess champion Anatoly Karpov …", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.57932186126709, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1996 Kasparov defeated a powerful IBM custom-built chess computer known as Deep Blue in a match that attracted worldwide attention. Kasparov and the team of Deep Blue programmers agreed to have a rematch in 1997. Deep Blue’s intelligence was upgraded, and the machine prevailed. Kasparov resigned in the last game of the six-game match after 19 moves, granting the win to Deep Blue. In 2000 Kasparov lost a 16-game championship match to Vladimir Kramnik of Russia .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96631145477295, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov playing against Deep Blue, the chess-playing computer built by IBM.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495060920715332, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov retired from competitive chess in 2005, though not from involvement in chess. In particular, he produced an acclaimed series of books, Kasparov on My Great Predecessors (2003–06), that covered all the world chess champions from Wilhelm Steinitz through Karpov, as well as many other great players. He also kept in the public eye with his decision in 2005 to start a political organization, the United Civil Front, to oppose Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin . In 2006 Kasparov was one of the prime movers behind a broad coalition of political parties that formed the Other Russia, a group held together by only one goal: ousting Putin from power. In 2007, following several protest marches organized by the coalition in which Kasparov and other participants were arrested, the Other Russia chose Kasparov as its candidate for the 2008 presidential election but was unable to nominate him by the deadline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.885580062866211, "source": "search", "title": "Garry Kasparov | Russian chess player | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51368236541748, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov first challenged the reigning world champion Anatoly Karpov in a 1984-85 match, after he survived the Federation Internationale des Echecs (FIDE; the international chess federation) series of elimination matches. Kasparov lost four out of the first nine games but then adopted a careful defensive stance, taking an extraordinarily long series of drawn games with the champion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.444586753845215, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "With Kasparov finally having won three games from the exhausted Karpov, FIDE halted the series after 48 games, a decision protested by Kasparov. In the two players' rematch in 1985, Kasparov narrowly defeated Karpov in a 24-game series and thereby became the youngest official champion in the history of the game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.278493881225586, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1996 Kasparov defeated a powerful IBM custom-built chess computer known as Deep Blue in a match that attracted worldwide attention. Kasparov and the team of Deep Blue programmers agreed to have a rematch in 1997. Deep Blue's intelligence was upgraded, and the machine prevailed. Kasparov resigned in the last game of the six-game match after 19 moves, granting the win to Deep Blue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175596237182617, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 2000 Kasparov lost a 16-game championship match to Vladimir Kramnik of Russia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.917397499084473, "source": "search", "title": "RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: K :: Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov, Garry", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384769439697266, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov, Garry", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384769439697266, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": " In 1996 Kasparov defeated a powerful IBM ( International Business Machines Corporation ) custom-built chess computer known as Deep Blue ( chess ) in a match that attracted worldwide attention. Kasparov and the team of Deep Blue programmers agreed to have a rematch in 1997. Deep Blue's intelligence was upgraded, and the machine prevailed. Kasparov resigned in the last game of the six-game match after 19 moves, granting the win to Deep Blue. In 2000 Kasparov lost a 16-game championship match to Vladimir Kramnik ( Kramnik, Vladimir ) of Russia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.928701400756836, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "      Kasparov retired from competitive chess in 2005, though not from involvement in chess. In particular, he produced an acclaimed series of books, Kasparov on My Great Predecessors (2003–06), that covered all the world chess champions from Wilhelm Steinitz ( Steinitz, Wilhelm ) through Karpov, as well as many other great players. He also kept in the public eye with his decision in 2005 to start a political organization, the United Civil Front, to oppose Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin ( Putin, Vladimir ). In 2006 Kasparov was one of the prime movers behind a broad coalition of political parties that formed the Other Russia, a group held together by only one goal: ousting Putin from power. In 2007, following several protest marches organized by the coalition in which Kasparov and other participants were arrested, the Other Russia chose Kasparov as its candidate for the 2008 presidential election but was unable to nominate him by the deadline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.853865623474121, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Many books have been written about Kasparov. Garry Kasparov, Jon Speelman, and Bob Wade, Garry Kasparov's Fighting Chess (1995), is the most comprehensive look at his career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3420991897583, "source": "search", "title": "Kasparov, Garry - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471047401428223, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430620193481445, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1984 he defeated Smyslov in their Candidates match and became the challenger for the world championship. On September 10, 1984 Kasparov and Karpov began their marathon match in Moscow. The match was for the first to win 6 games. After 3 wins, 40 draws, and 5 losses, FIDE President Campomanes stopped the match after 5 months of play. In 1984 Kasparov gave the first satellite simultaneous exhibition as he played players in London and New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.826308250427246, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "The Kasparov-Karpov match was halted on February 15, 1985. On Septermber 3, 1985 Kasparov and Karpov resumed their match in Moscow. This time, Kasparov won with 5 wins, 16 draws, and 3 losses. The match had been limited to 24 games. Garry Kasparov became the youngest world chess champion at age 22 years, 210 days on November 9, 1985. He won the chess oscar for 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.734355926513672, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "On July 25, 1986 Kasparov defended his title against Karpov in London, then in Leningrad. Kasparov won with 5 wins, 15 draws, and 4 losses. Kasparov won at Brussels (OHRA) later that year. Kasparov won the chess oscar for 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.850165367126465, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In April, 1987 Kasparov tied for first at Brussels (SWIFT) with Ljubojevic. On October 12, 1987 Kasparov defended his title in Seville, Spain against Karpov. He retrained his title by drawing the match with 4 wins, 16 draws, and 4 losses. He won the chess oscar for 1987. His FIDE rating was 2750.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057488441467285, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1988 Kasparov won at Amsterdam, Belfort, and Reykjavik. In August, he tied for first with Karpov at the USSR championship. In 1988 he was doing commercials, thus becoming the first Soviet in Western commercials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015982627868652, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1989 Kasparov won at Barcelona, Skelleftea (tied with Karpov), Tilburg, and Belgrade. Kasparov won the Grand Masters Association World Cup for 1988-89. His FIDE rating peaked at 2810 in 1989, the highest ever recorded. He also defeated Deep Thought computer in a two game match in new York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.765007972717285, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In February, 1990 Kasparov took first place at Linares, Spain. In October he again defended his title against Karpov. They played their match in New York and Lyons, France. Kasparov won the match with a score of 12.5 - 11.5 and won $1.7 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22637939453125, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1991 Kasparov won at Tilburg, a Category 17 tournament with the average rating of 2666. Kasparov became the first registered user of ChessBase in 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657188415527344, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1992 Kasparov won at Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172721862792969, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1994 Kasparov lost to Fritz 3 in a blitz event in Munich.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270859718322754, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1995 Kasparov won at Riga and Novgorod. In September he began his Intel-PCA World Championship match with Anand in New York. He won the match with 4 wins, 13 draws, and 1 loss. In November, Kasparov won the Paris Intel Grand Prix. Later, he defeated Fritz 4 in London with one win and one draw. In December, Kasparov played 10 players over the Internet, winning 7 and drawing 3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.170111656188965, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In January-February 1996, Kasparov defeated Deep Blue with a 4-2 score.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.262542724609375, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1996 Kasparov helped Russia win its gold medal at the 32nd Chess Olympiad in Yerevan. He played board 1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386988639831543, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In January 2000, Kasparov won Corus at Wijk aan Zee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.228023529052734, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In November 2000, Kasparov lost to Kramnik in the Braingames World Chess Championship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.446516990661621, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In March 2004, Kasparov announced he was retiring from chess. He had just tied for 1st (with Topalov) at Linares.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389917373657227, "source": "search", "title": "Bill Wall's Chess Master Profiles - Kasparov (March 25, 2005)" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov | Garry Kimovich Kasparov | Garik Kimovich Weinstein", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.485918998718262, "source": "search", "title": "Garik Kimovich Weinstein - Memidex dictionary/thesaurus" }, { "answer": "Gary Kasparov", "passage": "Gary Kasparov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456426620483398, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Gary Kasparov", "passage": "GARY KASPAROV", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456426620483398, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1984 he defeated Smyslov in their Candidates match and became the challenger for the world championship. On September 10, 1984 Kasparov and Karpov began their marathon match in Moscow. The match was for the first to win 6 games. After 3 wins, 40 draws, and 5 losses, FIDE President Campomanes stopped the match after 5 months of play. In 1984 Kasparov gave the first satellite simultaneous exhibition as he played players in London and New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.826308250427246, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "The Kasparov-Karpov match was halted on February 15, 1985. On Septermber 3, 1985 Kasparov and Karpov resumed their match in Moscow. This time, Kasparov won with 5 wins, 16 draws, and 3 losses. The match had been limited to 24 games. Garry Kasparov became the youngest world chess champion at age 22 years, 210 days on November 9, 1985. He won the chess oscar for 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.734355926513672, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "On July 25, 1986 Kasparov defended his title against Karpov in London, then in Leningrad. Kasparov won with 5 wins, 15 draws, and 4 losses. Kasparov won at Brussels (OHRA) later that year. Kasparov won the chess oscar for 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.850165367126465, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In April, 1987 Kasparov tied for first at Brussels (SWIFT) with Ljubojevic. On October 12, 1987 Kasparov defended his title in Seville, Spain against Karpov. He retrained his title by drawing the match with 4 wins, 16 draws, and 4 losses. He won the chess oscar for 1987. His FIDE rating was 2750.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057488441467285, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1988 Kasparov won at Amsterdam, Belfort, and Reykjavik. In August, he tied for first with Karpov at the USSR championship. In 1988 he was doing commercials, thus becoming the first Soviet in Western commercials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015982627868652, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1989 Kasparov won at Barcelona, Skelleftea (tied with Karpov), Tilburg, and Belgrade. Kasparov won the Grand Masters Association World Cup for 1988-89. His FIDE rating peaked at 2810 in 1989, the highest ever recorded. He also defeated Deep Thought computer in a two game match in new York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.765007972717285, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In February, 1990 Kasparov took first place at Linares, Spain. In October he again defended his title against Karpov. They played their match in New York and Lyons, France. Kasparov won the match with a score of 12.5 - 11.5 and won $1.7 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22637939453125, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1991 Kasparov won at Tilburg, a Category 17 tournament with the average rating of 2666. Kasparov became the first registered user of ChessBase in 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657188415527344, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1992 Kasparov won at Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172721862792969, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1994 Kasparov lost to Fritz 3 in a blitz event in Munich.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270859718322754, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1995 Kasparov won at Riga and Novgorod. In September he began his Intel-PCA World Championship match with Anand in New York. He won the match with 4 wins, 13 draws, and 1 loss. In November, Kasparov won the Paris Intel Grand Prix. Later, he defeated Fritz 4 in London with one win and one draw. In December, Kasparov played 10 players over the Internet, winning 7 and drawing 3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.170111656188965, "source": "search", "title": "GARY KASPAROV - Tripod.com" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.455413818359375, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "One of the greatest players of all time, Kasparov was undisputed World Champion from 1985 until 1993, and Classical World Champion from 1993 until 2000. Known to chess fans world wide as the <Beast From Baku> on account of his aggressive and highly successful style of play, his main early influence was the combative and combinative style of play displayed by Alexander Alekhine .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.41779899597168, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "National He first qualified for the Soviet Chess Championship at age 15 in 1978, the youngest ever player at that level. He won the 64-player Swiss system tournament at Daugavpils on tiebreak over Igor Vasilievich Ivanov , to capture the sole qualifying place. He was joint Soviet Champion in 1980-81 with Lev Psakhis ** and in 1988 Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov tied in the Super-Soviet Championship***. In 2004, Garry Kasparov won the Russian Championships (2004) with a stunning +5 score.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.123433113098145, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "At one stage during the Karpov - Kasparov World Championship Match (1984) , Kasparov trailed 5-0 in the first-to-win-6 match. He then fought back to win three games and bring the score to 5�3 in Karpov's favour after 48 games, making it the longest world championship match ever. At that point, the match was ended without result by the then FIDE President, the late Florencio Campomanes , with Karpov thus retaining the title. Further details can be found in the match link at the head of this paragraph. Kasparov won the best-of-24 games Karpov - Kasparov World Championship Match (1985) in Moscow by 13�11, winning the 24th and last game with Black. He was then 22, the youngest ever World Champion, and broke the record held by Mikhail Tal for over 20 years. Karpov exercised his right to a rematch, the Karpov - Kasparov World Championship Rematch (1986) , which took place in 1986, hosted jointly in London and Leningrad, with each city hosting 12 games. Kasparov won 12��11�, retaining the title. The fourth match, the Kasparov - Karpov World Championship Match (1987) was held in Seville. Karpov had been directly seeded into and won the final match of the Candidates' Matches to again become the official challenger. Kasparov retained his title by winning the final game and drawing the match 12�12. The fifth and last championship match between the two, Kasparov - Karpov World Championship Match (1990) , was held in New York and Lyon in 1990, with each city hosting 12 games. Kasparov won by 12��11�. In their five world championship matches, the combined game tally was +21 -19 =104 in Kasparov�s favour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.934479713439941, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov subsequently defended his title against Nigel Short under the auspices of the PCA in 1993, and against Viswanathan Anand in 1995. Five years later, in 2000 ( Kasparov - Kramnik World Championship Match (2000) ), Kasparov finally relinquished his crown to his former student, Vladimir Kramnik, who was granted the right to challenge without having to qualify, the first time this had happened since 1935, when Alexander Alekhine selected Max Euwe as his challenger. Subsequently, Kasparov remained the top rated player in the world, ahead of both Kramnik and the FIDE World Champions, on the strength of a series of wins in major tournaments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.774126052856445, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Under the \"Prague Agreement� which was put together by Yasser Seirawan to reunite the two titles, Kasparov was to play a match against the 2002 FIDE World Champion Ruslan Ponomariov in September 2003. But this match was cancelled when Ponomariov was dissatisfied with the terms of the contract. Subsequent plans for a match against 2004 FIDE World Champion Rustam Kasimdzhanov , to be held in January 2005 in the United Arab Emirates, fell through due to lack of funding. Shortly after this, Kasparov announced his retirement from competitive chess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.052111625671387, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In an interview in 2007, Kasparov said that <�my decision in 1993 to break away from the world chess federation, FIDE, with Nigel Short was the worst mistake of my career. It was a serious miscalculation on my part. I thought we could start fresh with a professional organisation, but there was little support among the players. It led to short-term progress in commercial sponsorship for chess, but in the long run hurt the game...> ****", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26081657409668, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "In 1978, Kasparov won the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk as a wild card entry, a victory which convinced Kasparov he could aim for the World Championship. He played in a grandmaster tournament in Banja Luka, Yugoslavia in 1979 while still unrated, due to Korchnoi�s withdrawal. He took first place with an undefeated record, two points ahead of the field. Game Collection: Banja Luka 1979 He emerged with a provisional rating of 2595, immediately landing at world number 15, a feat only surpassed by Gata Kamsky in July 1990. His first win in a superclass-level international tournament was scored at Bugojno, Yugoslavia in 1982, and his win in Linares in 2002 was the tenth victory in a row, a record for the most consecutive victories in super tournaments: Linares 4 (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, Wijk aan Zee 3 (1999, 2000, 2001), Sarajevo 2 (1999, 2000) and Astana 1 (2001). Kasparov also holds the record for most consecutive professional tournament victories, placing first or equal first in 15 individual tournaments from 1981 to 1990. It started with the 1981 USSR Championship and finished in Linares in 1990. His five epic title matches against Karpov were held during this period. Subsequently, Kasparov won Linares again in 1992, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2005, the latter being his swan song from the game.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.13681411743164, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov played in eight Olympiads. He represented the Soviet Union four times, in 1980, 1982, 1986 and 1988, and Russia four times: in 1992, 1994, 1996 and 2002 playing board 1 on each occasion apart from 1980 (2nd reserve) and 1982 (2nd board). In 82 games, he scored (+50 =29 -3), for 78.7% and won a total of 19 medals, including 8 team gold medals, 5 board golds, 2 performance golds, 2 performance silvers and 2 board bronzes. Kasparov also represented the USSR once in Youth Olympiad competition at Graz in 1981, when he played board 1 for the USSR board 1, scoring 9/10 (+8 =2 -0), the team winning the gold medal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307760238647461, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov made his international teams debut for the USSR at age 16 in the 1980 European Team Championship at Skara and played for Russia in the 1992 edition of that championship. He won a total of five medals including at Skara 1980, as USSR 2nd reserve, 5�/6 (+5 =1 -0), team gold, board gold and at Debrecen 1992, Russia board 1, 6/8 (+4 =4 -0), team gold, board gold, performance silver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.058676719665527, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "<Computer> Kasparov defeated the chess computer Deep Thought (Computer) in both games of a two-game match in 1989. In February 1996, he defeated IBM's chess computer Deep Blue (Computer) with three wins and two draws and one loss. In 1997, an updated version of Deep Blue defeated Kasparov 3��2� in a highly publicised six-game match. The match was even after five games but Kasparov lost Game 6 - Deep Blue vs Kasparov, 1997 - to lose the match. This was the first time a computer had ever defeated a world champion in match play. In January 2003, he played and drew a six game FIDE Man - Machine WC (2003) match against Deep Junior (Computer) . In November 2003, he played and drew a four-game Man - Machine World Chess Championship (2003) against the computer program X3D Fritz (Computer) X3D Fritz, although he was constrained through the use of a virtual board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.682331085205078, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "<Human � classical> Kasparov played several matches apart from his matches in the World Championship cycles. Full details can be seen at Game Collection: Match Kasparov! .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165106773376465, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "<Human � rapid> In 1998, Kasparov played a blitz match against Kramnik in Moscow, that match being drawn +7-7=10. He fared better in the 2000 internet blitz match against Judit Polgar , winning one and drawing one. The following year, he played a blitz match against the many times Greek speed chess champion Hristos Banikas of Greece, winning 5 and drawing one. In his 2002 blitz against Elisabeth Paehtz in Munich, he won 6-0. Later in 2002, Kasparov lost a four game rapid match (+1 -2 =1) over two days in December 2002 in New York City against Anatoly Karpov. In 2009 in Valencia, Spain, he again played Karpov, and won the Kasparov - Karpov Rapid Match (2009) 3-1 and the Kasparov - Karpov Blitz Match (2009) by 6-2. In 2011, as part of his Chess In Schools campaign, he played a two game Kasparov - Lagrave Blitz Match (2011) in Clichy France, winning by 1.5-0.5. A few months later in October 2011, he won the Kasparov - Short Blitz Match (2011) 4.5-3.5 (+3 -2 =3), breaking the deadlock after game 7 by winning game 8 to win the match.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.925561904907227, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "<Simuls> In 1985, Kasparov played his first simul against a team, the Hamburg Bundesliga team lead by GM Murray Chandler , and lost 3.5-4.5, the first and only time he lost a simul against a team. In 1987, he played a simul against the same albeit slightly stronger team, but this time he was prepared and crushed the Hamburg players 7-1; later in 1987 he also crushed the Swiss team: Game Collection: Kasparov vs Swiss Team Simul by 5.5-0.5, drawing only with former World Junior Champion Werner Hug . In 1988 he played a simul against the French team in Evry ( Game Collection: Kasparov vs French Team Simul ), winning 4, drawing one and losing one; he played the French team again in 1989 ( Game Collection: Kasparov vs French Team Simul 1989 ), this time winning three and drawing 3 games. Also in 1988 he played a simul against a group of powerful US Juniors, and won by 4-2 (+3 -1 =2)*****. In 1992, Kasparov played a clock simul against the German team ( Game Collection: Kasparov vs German National Team Simul which included former title contender Vlastimil Hort with whom he drew, winning 2 and drawing 2. He played a simul against the Argentinean team ( Game Collection: Kasparov vs Argentinian Team Simul ) winning (+7 -1 =4); in 1998 he played the Israeli team ( Game Collection: Kasparov vs Israeli National Team Simul ) winning 7-1, and in 2001 he played the Czech team ( Game Collection: Kasparov vs Czech National Team Simul ) in Prague, winning by +4 -1 =3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904340744018555, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov's ratings achievements include being rated world #1 according to Elo rating almost continuously from 1986 until his retirement in 2005. He was the world number-one ranked player for 255 months, a record that far outstrips all other previous and current number-one ranked players. Kasparov had the highest Elo rating in the world continuously from 1986 to 2005. However, Vladimir Kramnik equaled him in the January 1996 FIDE ratings list, technically supplanting him because he played more games. He was also briefly ejected from the list following his split from FIDE in 1993, but during that time he headed the rating list of the rival PCA. At the time of his retirement, he was still ranked #1 in the world, with a rating of 2812. In January 1990 Kasparov achieved the (then) highest FIDE rating ever, passing 2800 and breaking Bobby Fischer's old record of 2785. On the July 1999 and January 2000 FIDE rating lists Kasparov reached a 2851 Elo rating, which became the highest rating ever achieved until surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013. There was a time in the early 1990s when Kasparov was over 2800 and the only person in the 2700s was Anatoly Karpov.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.997238159179688, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Kasparov has been married three times: first to Masha, with whom he had a daughter, Polina (b. 1993), before divorcing; to Yulia, with whom he had a son, Vadim (b. 1996) before their 2005 divorce; and to Daria, with whom he also has a daughter, Aida (b. 2006).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432050704956055, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Biography: http://www.kasparovagent.com/garry_... Kasparov�s official website: http://kasparov.com/ Kasparov Chess Foundation: http://www.kasparovchessfoundation.... ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388296127319336, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-20-05    centercounter : Ironically, Kasparov's withdrawal sort of accomplishes what FIDE could not - a unified champion. With the lack of credibility of the FIDE KO \"WC\" in Libya (no disrespect to Kasimdzhanov, or to his fine result), this makes Kramnik pretty much the only game in town. Although a Kramnik-Anand WC match would be very welcome :)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.853328704833984, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "This settles thing in some strange fashion... Now it must be clear for everyone that the WCH is Kramnik - and that he, in fact, just recently defended his title in a very exciting match vs (probably, in my opinion, maybe alongside Kasparov) the strongest challenger around right now).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269522666931152, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-20-05    aw1988 : <The World Chess Federation (FIDE: http://www.fide.com ) regrets Garry Kasparov�s announcement to withdraw from playing the World Chess Championship match against Rustam Kasimdzhanov at the scheduled dates of April 25th to May 14th 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.808960914611816, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "During the latest FIDE congress in Spain, the Turkish Chess Federation expressed its strong desire to organize this match. FIDE informed the General Assembly that the Turkish bid was actively supported by the former world champion Garry Kasparov who urged FIDE to �give somebody else the authority to act unless FIDE already has the money from the Dubai organizer�. On 2 December 2004, FIDE entered discussions with the Turkish Chess Federation and requested the necessary bank guarantees before signing any agreement or issuing player�s contracts. Garry Kasparov had made it clear several times that he would not sign anything before he receives �acceptable� financial guarantees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657979965209961, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "During the negotiations with the Turkish Chess Federation Garry Kasparov and World Champion Rustam Kasimdzhanov were kept fully informed about all developments. They knew that:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.17956829071045, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "A few days ago, the representative lawyer of the Turkish Chess Federation, Mr Cemal Dursun, informed Garry Kasparov that no bank guarantees could be issued before 25 January. After receiving this information, Garry Kasparov sent an email to FIDE on 18 January announcing that he is no longer available to participate in this match for the dates that had been agreed (25 April � 14 May).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.529054641723633, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Garry Kasparov", "passage": "Garry Kasparov, who for a long time has sincerely co-operated towards the realization of the Prague Agreement, should have at least shown his respect to his opponent Rustam Kasimdzhanov and his appreciation for the efforts of the Turkish Chess Federation and the Turkish Government before announcing his unilateral decision to withdraw from this match.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426682472229004, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-20-05    dafish298 : yea i was right..see fide wont throw in the towel..i would think kasparov would accept this but who knows he could be stubborn", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434300422668457, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Failing that, FIDE could be stringing him along hoping for a miracle or they could really have made the stated progress, and Kasparov is simply frustrated with the misinformation, miscommunications, and absence of communication he perceives coming from FIDE.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46657943725586, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-20-05    Sylvester : If Kasparov and Kramnik just held a unification match it would generate a lot of interest. They would not need a large purse. The winner could cash in later. A clear Champion would make the next match much more attractive to the money people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.51339340209961, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-21-05    ughaibu : Unification is between Kramnik and Kasimdzhanov. Kasparov has nothing to do with it, he's not the champion of either side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.775768280029297, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-21-05    dafish298 : I want to see kasparov play in a title match, because everytime he does he brings out an opening he never plays and revolutionizes it or wins with it. I.E. The sicilian dragon against anand in '95 (he won twice and drew 1 or 2 i think)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23412799835205, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-21-05    Poisonpawns : Nice picture chessgames! Kasparov`s Suit,teeth,and the chessboard in the backround match :-)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528932571411133, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-21-05    GazoGypsy : <yoozum:Not surprisingly, FIDE uses this as an opportunity to pass most of the blame on Kasparov. I wish we could finally get some objective facts about this.> The only relevent facts I see are Ilyumshinov is attempting to reign in the last mavarick Kaspy to complete his world domination, Garry would love to be the unified Champ, but I don't believe that would be in Ilyumshinov's best interest. Unfortunately Kasporov's withdrawal hurts him a lot more than it hurts FIDE and or Kirsan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379385948181152, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-21-05    tinashawn499 : Kasparov made the best move! By eliminating himself from the current confusion of the WC match he may in fact be able to unfiy the title quicker. There is no reason why FIDE should not schedule a match with Kramink now.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46446418762207, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" }, { "answer": "Kasparov", "passage": "Jan-21-05    centercounter : Actually, it was all the stop and go scheduling of the match with Kasimdzhanov that hurt Kasparov. He does not need this to prove anything. He is not hurting for money (I would assume) and his place among the greats in chess cannot be put into question.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483734130859375, "source": "search", "title": "The chess games of Garry Kasparov" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Barry Levinson", "Baltimore Pictures", "Levinson, Barry" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "levinson barry", "baltimore pictures", "barry levinson" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "barry levinson", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Barry Levinson" }

[ { "answer": "Barry Levinson", "passage": "Good Morning, Vietnam DVD (1987) Directed by Barry Levinson; Starring Robin Williams; Touchstone / Disney | OLDIES.com", "precise_score": 10.113759994506836, "rough_score": 9.873266220092773, "source": "search", "title": "Good Morning, Vietnam DVD (1987) Directed by Barry ..." }, { "answer": "Barry Levinson", "passage": "Barry Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Levinson's best-known works are comedy-drama and drama films such as, Diner (1982), The Natural (1984), Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Rain Man (1988), Bugsy (1991), and Wag the Dog (1997). He won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on Rain Man, which also won the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.76711893081665, "source": "wiki", "title": "Barry Levinson" }, { "answer": "Baltimore Pictures", "passage": "Levinson partnered with producer Mark Johnson to form the film production company Baltimore Pictures. The two parted ways in 1994. Levinson has been a producer or executive producer for such major productions as The Perfect Storm (2000), directed by Wolfgang Petersen; Analyze That (2002), starring De Niro as a neurotic mob boss and Billy Crystal as his therapist, and Possession (2002), based on the best-selling novel by A. S. Byatt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.597899436950684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Barry Levinson" }, { "answer": "Barry Levinson", "passage": "In GOOD MORNING, VIETNAM, which is based on a true story, Cronauer (Robin Williams) is a nonconformist with a wicked sense of humor who is transferred from Crete to Saigon. Outrageous and over the top, Cronauer speaks in accents, creates characters, pokes fun at everyone--including the President--and spins banned rock and roll tunes. While his antics amuse the masses, they also put him in hot water with his superior officers, particularly Lt. Steven Hauk (Bruno Kirby), who would prefer that the radio show be censored, sanitized, and completely noncontroversial. Cronauer takes his show outside the radio station when he starts to teach Vietnamese locals English in an effort to meet pretty, demure Trinh (Chintara Sukapatana). He befriends Trinh's brother, Tuan (Tung Thanh Tran), who becomes an unlikely comrade in uncertain times. Directed by Barry Levinson (DINER, AVALON), the film features a tour-de-force performance from Williams, who improvised much of the comedy used in the radio shows, earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.556081771850586, "source": "search", "title": "Good Morning, Vietnam DVD (1987) Directed by Barry ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Ruth (crater)", "Ruth", "Ruth (disambiguation)", "Ruthian", "Ruthie" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "ruth crater", "ruth", "ruth disambiguation", "ruthian", "ruthie" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "ruth", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Ruth" }

[ { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Real name of Bette Davis is Ruth Elizabeth Davis", "precise_score": 8.487144470214844, "rough_score": 7.827992916107178, "source": "search", "title": "What is Bette Davis real name | What is Bette Davis full ..." }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "STARNOSTAR//9682//REAL//NAME//OF//Bette Davis//IS//Ruth Elizabeth Davis//////////////////////////", "precise_score": 4.448591709136963, "rough_score": 7.891459941864014, "source": "search", "title": "What is Bette Davis real name | What is Bette Davis full ..." }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Bette Davis real name is Ruth Elizabeth Davis. Welcome to Star no Star's celebrity real name look up. Bette Davis is from Lowell Massachusetts, United States. Born on Apr 05 1908, ( zodiac sign: Aries). Search and quickly access your favorite celebrities . Star No Star provides information on celebrities from around the world. Cycle through our menu, view biographies , statistics , rate Bette Davis and discover new celebrities. Quick information about celebrities is important, along with real time statistics from visitors like you. Help us keep track of celebrities worldwide. vote and make a difference. Star No Star Celebrity pages help millions of people find Bette Davis's bios and live statistics on a global scale. Celebrities around the world use multiple alias names making it hard to identify which celebrity you are looking for. Using StarNoStar's celebrity Search engine allows you to visual identify the exact celebrity you are looking for and quickly access their personal information. Helping you find information such as the place of birth , date of birth , horoscope and zodiac signs, biography timelines and lot more. StarNoStar encourages visitor to vote for their favorite celebrities , helping us provide new visitors vital information on each celebrities popularity and fame status. Let the world know what you think. Vote, and keep track of your favorite celebrities . Use the voting tool and sort through unlimited number of celebrity profiles. Check who the top celebrities are in your country and around the world. Star no Star provides statistics for all celebrities and personalities around the world. Vote, share, and help celebrities get discovered. Who's your favorite celebrity? Bette Davis?", "precise_score": 7.036518573760986, "rough_score": 5.553966522216797, "source": "search", "title": "What is Bette Davis real name | What is Bette Davis full ..." }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Ruth Elizabeth \"Bette\" Davis (April 5, 1908 – October 6, 1989) was an American actress of film, television and theater. Regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history, she was noted for her willingness to play unsympathetic, sardonic characters and was reputed for her performances in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas to historical and period films and occasional comedies, although her greatest successes were her roles in romantic dramas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.305259704589844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bette Davis" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Ruth Elizabeth Davis, known from early childhood as \"Betty,\" was born on April 5, 1908, at 22 Chester Street, Lowell, Massachusetts, the daughter of Harlow Morrell Davis, a law student from Augusta, Maine, and Ruth Augusta \"Ruthie\" (née Favór), from Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. Betty's younger sister, Barbara Harriet \"Bobby\", was born October 25, 1909, at 55 Ward Street in Somerville, Massachusetts, by which time their father was a patent attorney. In 1915, Davis's parents separated and Betty and Bobby attended a Spartan boarding school called Crestalban in Lanesborough, which is located in the Berkshires. In 1921, Ruth Davis moved to New York City with her daughters, where she worked as a portrait photographer. Betty was inspired to become an actress after seeing Rudolph Valentino in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921) and Mary Pickford in Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921), and changed the spelling of her name to \"Bette\" after Honoré de Balzac's La Cousine Bette. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6244329810142517, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bette Davis" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "In 1948 Davis was cast in the melodrama Winter Meeting; and, although she was initially enthusiastic, she soon learned that Warner had arranged for \"softer\" lighting to be used to disguise her age. She recalled that she had seen the same lighting technique \"on the sets of Ruth Chatterton and Kay Francis, and I knew what they meant.\" She began to regret accepting the role; and, to add to her disappointment, she was not confident in the abilities of her leading man, James Davis in his first major screen role. She disagreed with amendments made to the script because of censorship restrictions and found that many of the aspects of the role that had initially appealed to her had been cut. The film was later described by Bosley Crowther as \"interminable;\" and he noted that \"of all the miserable dilemmas in which Miss Davis has been involved ... this one is probably the worst\". It failed at the box office, and the studio lost nearly one million dollars. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.402454853057861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bette Davis" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "During 1988 and 1989, Davis was fêted for her career achievements, receiving the Kennedy Center Honor, the Legion of Honor from France, the Campione d'Italia from Italy and the Film Society of Lincoln Center Lifetime Achievement Award. She appeared on British television in a special broadcast from the South Bank Centre, discussing film and her career, the other guest being the renowned Russian director, Andrei Tarkovsky. She collapsed during the American Cinema Awards in 1989 and later discovered that her cancer had returned. She recovered sufficiently to travel to Spain where she was honored at the Donostia-San Sebastián International Film Festival, but during her visit her health rapidly deteriorated. Too weak to make the long journey back to the U.S., she traveled to France where she died on October 6, 1989, at 11:20 pm, at the American Hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Davis was 81 years old. She was interred in Forest Lawn—Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles, alongside her mother, Ruthie, and sister, Bobby, with her name in larger type size. On her tombstone is written: \"She did it the hard way,\" an epitaph that she mentioned in her memoir Mother Goddam as having been suggested to her by Joseph L. Mankiewicz shortly after they had filmed All About Eve. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.842320919036865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bette Davis" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Ruth Elizabeth Davis was born April 5, 1908, in Lowell, Massachusetts, to Ruth Augusta (Favor) and Harlow Morrell Davis, a patent attorney. Her parents divorced when she was 10. She and her sister were raised by their mother. Her early interest was dance. To Bette, dancers led a glamorous life, but then she discovered the stage, and gave up dancing for acting. To her, it presented much more of a challenge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7261943221092224, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Davis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Her father was Harlow Morrell Davis, a lawyer. Her mother was Ruth Favor. She had a sister, Barbara Davis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.732739448547363, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Davis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "[of the studio executives] Four compliments a year, we never would have asked for so much money. Truthfully! They never knew it! Actors are complete suckers for good parts, you know, and just saying, \"You did a *good* job, Bette!\" Never. Never. Never.... I think it would've made a whole different salary scale in California, yes, I do. They only respected you by how much money you made. You could be the same actress at six-fifty a week or thirty thousand a week, and you're a *much* better actress at thirty thousand a week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.377897262573242, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Davis - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Parents: Harlow Morrell Davis and Ruthie Favor Davis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.36711311340332, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Davis :: The Official Site" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "- Her real Christian name was Ruth. The Bette came from Balzac's novel \"Cousin Bette.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7460882663726807, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Davis :: The Official Site" }, { "answer": "Ruth", "passage": "Ruth Elizabeth Davis was born April 5, 1908, in Lowell, Massachusetts, to Ruth Augusta (Favor) and Harlow Morrell Davis, a patent attorney. Her parents divorced when she was 10. She and her sister were raised by their mother. Her early interest was dance. To Bette, dancers led a glamorous life, but then she discovered the stage, and gave up dancing... See full bio »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.38761070370674133, "source": "search", "title": "Bette Davis - IMDb" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Ice skater", "Iceskating", "Ice Skating", "Ice skating", "Ice skateing", "Ice-skating" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "ice skating", "ice skateing", "iceskating", "ice skater" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "ice skating", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Ice Skating" }

[ { "answer": "Ice Skating", "passage": "Sonja Henie was the first superstar of women’s figure skating, winning three Olympic gold medals in 1928, 1932, and 1936. She made her Olympic début in 1924 when only an 11-year-old. She finished last in a field of eight but improved to fifth a few weeks later at the 1924 World Championship. Henie finished second at the 1926 World Championships to Austria's [Herma Plank-Szabo], but she then won the championship for the next ten years consecutively. She did more to popularize figure skating than any other individual. Henie turned professional in 1936 and soon amassed a fortune. Her flair for showmanship ensured the success of the ten feature films she made in Hollywood and accelerated the public awareness of ice skating as a sport. She toured the world with spectacular ice reviews achieving great popularity, particularly in the USA. She was initially idolized in her native Norway, but had some image problems after World War II when she was perceived to be a Nazi sympathizer who failed to support war relief efforts in Norway. Henie married three times, all to very wealthy men, and her own earnings from ice shows made her one of the richest athletes ever. She later suffered from leukemia and died during a flight from Paris to Oslo where she was flying to visit a specialist.", "precise_score": 8.457002639770508, "rough_score": 7.212936878204346, "source": "search", "title": "Sonja Henie Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports ..." }, { "answer": "Ice skater", "passage": "The daughter of a fur wholesaler in Norway, Sonja Henie received her first pair of ice skates when she was six. At 14 she was the Norwegian Skating Champion. At 15 she would win the Olympic gold medal in Skating, a feat she would repeat in 1932 and 1936. In 1936 she would turn professional and tour with her own ice show. She was signed by 20th Century-Fox and debuted in One in a Million (1936), in which she played an ice skater. The picture was very successful, Sonja continued to make a series of light comedies throughout the late 1930s and early 1940s. More a testament to her skating skills and physical appearance than her acting prowess, the films were nevertheless profitable and her popularity soared. Her films' success garnered financial success for the Hollywood Ice Revues that she produced and starred every year. Her movie career wound down during the mid-'40s, but she continued skating until she retired in 1960. An astute businesswoman and due to marrying shipping magnate Niels Onstad (\"the Onassis of Norway\") in 1956, Sonja was one of the ten wealthiest women in the world when she died of leukemia in 1969.", "precise_score": 7.190923690795898, "rough_score": 5.614396572113037, "source": "search", "title": "Sonja Henie - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ice Skating", "passage": "In addition to her film career at Fox, Henie formed a business arrangement with Arthur Wirtz, who produced her touring ice shows under the name of \"Hollywood Ice Revue\". Wirtz also acted as Henie's financial advisor. At the time, figure skating and ice shows were not yet an established form of entertainment in the United States. Henie's popularity as a film actress attracted many new fans and instituted skating shows as a popular new entertainment. Throughout the 1940s, Henie and Wirtz produced lavish musical ice skating extravaganzas at Rockefeller Center's Center Theatre attracting millions of ticket buyers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.153994083404541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sonja Henie" }, { "answer": "Ice-skating", "passage": "That film was the first of a dozen films Henie would star in over the next two decades. She also began to gain fame by starring in a wildly popular traveling ice-skating show. Her Hollywood Ice Review was a spectacle of costumes, music, and skating that toured the world until the early 1950s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8402998447418213, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Memorable Moments: Sonja Henie - Fact Monster" }, { "answer": "Ice-skating", "passage": "That film was the first of a dozen films Henie would star in over the next two decades. She also began to gain fame by starring in a wildly popular traveling ice-skating show. Her Hollywood Ice Review was a spectacle of costumes, music, and skating that toured the world until the early 1950s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8402998447418213, "source": "search", "title": "Winter Olympics Memorable Moments: Sonja Henie" }, { "answer": "Ice Skating", "passage": "In addition to her film career at Fox, Henie formed a business arrangement with Arthur Wirtz, who produced her touring ice shows under the name of \"Hollywood Ice Revue\". Wirtz also acted as Henie's financial advisor. At the time, figure skating and ice shows were not yet an established form of entertainment in the United States. Henie's popularity as a film actress attracted many new fans and instituted skating shows as a popular new entertainment. Throughout the 1940s, Henie and Wirtz produced lavish musical ice skating extravaganzas at Rockefeller Center's Center Theatre attracting millions of ticket buyers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.153994083404541, "source": "search", "title": "Sonja Henie - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Ice skater", "passage": "Here was a huge visual shift—from masculine to feminine, from prose to poetry. Just as the ballerina’s pointe shoes were pink, suddenly the female ice skater’s boots were white, redolent of fairy and folk tales, of youthful purity and Nordic power. Sonja had single-handedly pulled figure skating into the realm of metaphor—and where there is metaphor, there can also be art. In “The Pavlova of the Ice,” film footage shot in 1928 ( and available on YouTube ), she is skating outdoors, her slow-motion leaps and spins set against snow-dusted mountains that are nothing short of Wagnerian. One can see why chief among her legion of fans was Adolf Hitler.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.983685493469238, "source": "search", "title": "Sonja Henie biography recounts a glamorous, controversial ..." }, { "answer": "Ice Skating", "passage": "The Glittering Rise and Fall of Sonja Henie, Ice Skating’s Original Queen | Vanity Fair", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.122842311859131, "source": "search", "title": "The Glittering Rise and Fall of Sonja Henie, Ice Skating’s ..." }, { "answer": "Ice skater", "passage": "Here was a huge visual shift—from masculine to feminine, from prose to poetry. Just as the ballerina’s pointe shoes were pink, suddenly the female ice skater’s boots were white, redolent of fairy and folk tales, of youthful purity and Nordic power. Sonja had single-handedly pulled figure skating into the realm of metaphor—and where there is metaphor, there can also be art. In “The Pavlova of the Ice,” film footage shot in 1928 ( and available on YouTube ), she is skating outdoors, her slow-motion leaps and spins set against snow-dusted mountains that are nothing short of Wagnerian. One can see why chief among her legion of fans was Adolf Hitler.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.983685493469238, "source": "search", "title": "The Glittering Rise and Fall of Sonja Henie, Ice Skating’s ..." }, { "answer": "Ice-skating", "passage": "After she turned pro, she staged a series of successful ice-skating shows with Arthur Wirtz .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.231800079345703, "source": "search", "title": "Sonja Henie - Biography - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "First decade", "passage": "Dr. Alzheimer and his colleagues studied the histology of 5 cases with similar brain pathologies during the first decade of the new century. Although other researchers had linked the presence of plaques to symptoms of dementia seen in older people, it was Dr. Alzheimer who first observed both plaques and tangles in a younger patient.", "precise_score": 5.316819190979004, "rough_score": 7.35693883895874, "source": "search", "title": "National Institute on Aging | The Leader in Aging Research" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Tarus", "Taurus (disambiguation)", "Taurus (song)", "Taurus" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "taurus disambiguation", "taurus song", "tarus", "taurus" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "taurus", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Taurus" }

[ { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Signs: Taurus", "precise_score": -9.097042083740234, "rough_score": -10.712625503540039, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "If your sign is Taurus or your Ascendant is Taurus: you are faithful, constant, sturdy, patient, tough, persevering, strong, focused, sensual, stable, concrete, realistic, steady, loyal, robust, constructive, tenacious. You need security, but you are also stubborn, rigid, possessive, spiteful, materialistic, fixed or slow.", "precise_score": -10.360050201416016, "rough_score": -10.937667846679688, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "You spend your fortune and your energy advisedly. You are realistic and you distrust revolutions, sudden changes and love at first sight. You are very attached to your roots and you create a steady basis for yourself. You may be considered to be stubborn and you grant your confidence after thorough reflection only. �Resistance� is Taurus� keyword. This sign is believed to be untiring, hard-working and stable to the utmost. People readily credit you with the ability to remind everyone of the necessities of concrete situations and to moderate people�s excesses. In principle, you are apt for long-term management, you can protect the foundations of an activity as the reliable guardian of assets and the guarantor for stability. Your distrust for novelties is your strength. It requires much more than an alluring idea to persuade you to change your direction. Scepticism is a quality here: it is safer to take advantage of past experiences rather than to rely on very hypothetical sporadic strokes of luck. Taurus is not a weather wane! However, it is important that you learn to question yourself and to respond to new opportunities in a timely manner.", "precise_score": -11.113983154296875, "rough_score": -11.157081604003906, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Venus describes your affective life. On the day of your birth, she is found in Taurus. The most important thing for you is to retain sensations and feelings. You taste them, you savour them with sensuality and often, with greed. You respond to all palpable and tangible things. Your amorous life, like your artistic sensitivity, constantly involves your demanding and selective sensuality. There can be no balance without love. Passion is wild, imperious and final. Your strongly developed sensuality is demanding. Sensual pleasure is as important, more important in some cases, than cerebral connivance. You are not content with short-lived unions� You want to take the time to enjoy your love, to savour its happiness and its spices. Your ideal is to couple the comfort of a lasting relationship with sensual fulfilment. Appetite is fine but it may tend to become bulimia! A demanding sensuality may be tyrannical. The sign of Taurus in its �pure essence� becomes the victim and the slave of its passions. Of course, you are not the manifestation of this �Taurus in its pure essence�. But it is likely that you have to handle the necessities of your mighty and complex affectivity. Your memory for feelings is very strong� You never forget loyalty and similarly, you never forget your grudges.", "precise_score": -11.176321983337402, "rough_score": -11.164854049682617, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "The planet Uranus symbolizes originality, independence and cerebral energy bursting suddenly. Uranus triggers the irresistible need for freedom that we have in ourselves. Uranus tends to break the constraints that have become unbearable and gives us the courage and the will to get rid of what has become a burden; when he is well aspected, he also indicates genius. In your natal chart, Uranus� house position is more important than his sign position because, like Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Pluto, he is a slow planet. Many people born in the same period have Uranus in the same sign. This is the reason why the sign occupied here is less meaningful than when it is occupied by the so-called fast planets, i.e. the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars. Therefore, some caution is to be exercised as you read what follows. The sign positions of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto have a collective meaning. They do not influence your personality, unless they are involved in numerous aspects or when they emphasize a personal point of your natal chart such as your Ascendant�s ruler, an angular planet, i.e. a planet near the Ascendant, the Midheaven, the Nadir or the Descendant. In such cases, the activity of the slow planet is very highlighted. Uranus in Taurus develops your power and your inertia. You may accumulate a lot of energy and� brutally release it with incredible strength or you may become despotic.", "precise_score": -10.849414825439453, "rough_score": -10.789947509765625, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Taurus governs the neck and the throat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.536619186401367, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Some traditional associations with Taurus: Countries: Switzerland, Greek islands, Ireland, Cyprus, Iran. Cities: Dublin, Palermo, Parma, Luzern, Mantua, Leipzig, Saint Louis, Ischia, Capri. Animals: bovines. Food: apples, pears, berries, corn and other cereals, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans. Herbs and aromatics: sorrels, spearmint, cloves. Flowers and plants: poppies, roses, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, daisies. Trees: apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses, ash trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: copper, calcium and potassium sulphate, emeralds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.240008354187012, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Some traditional associations with Libra: Countries: Japan, Canada, Indo-China, South Pacific Islands, Burma, Argentina, Upper Egypt, Tibet. Cities: Lisbon, Vienna, Frankfurt, Leeds, Nottingham, Johannesburg, Antwerp, Fribourg. Animals: lizards and small reptiles. Food: berries, apples, pears, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans, spices, corn and other cereals. Herbs and aromatics: mint, Cayenne pepper. Flowers and plants: hydrangea, big roses, blue flowers and those associated with Taurus also ruled by Venus, namely, poppies, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, and daisies. Trees: ash trees, poplars, apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses. Stones, Metals and Salts: sapphires, jade, copper, potassium and sodium phosphate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27197265625, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Sun 18�28' Taurus, in House XII", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438429832458496, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Sun in Taurus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448478698730469, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Interpretation of the 18� Taurus symbolic degree", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.531110763549805, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "The Moon represents instinctive reaction, unconscious predestination, everyday mood, sensitivity, emotions, the feminine side of the personality, intuition, imagination. For a man, she represents his mother and later his wife, and his relationship with women in general. For a woman, the Moon is almost as important as the Sun and the Ascendant. Her element is water, she is cold and moist, she rules Cancer, is in exaltation in Taurus and is in analogy with the stomach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239245414733887, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Venus 4�43' Taurus, in House XI", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48172378540039, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Venus represents the way one loves, relationships, sharing, affectivity, seductive ability. For men, she also corresponds to the kind of woman he's attracted to (but not especially in marriage which is more symbolized by the Moon, Venus is the lover and not the wife). Her element is the Air, she is moist, rules Taurus and Libra, is in exaltation in Pisces and is in analogy with the kidneys, the venous system, the bladder, the neck.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239273071289062, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Venus in Taurus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431894302368164, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Interpretation of the 4� Taurus symbolic degree", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.533655166625977, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Mars 27�06' Taurus, in House XII", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479005813598633, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Mars in Taurus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460785865783691, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "The planet Mars indicates how you react to life concrete stimulations. It also describes your fighting spirit, your abilities to stand for yourself and to take action. With Mars in Taurus, your will is strong and you are a very efficient person, persevering and tenacious. When you are prompted by your instinct to undertake any given step, no obstacle can put you off. However, your reactions are not unconsidered: you thoroughly ponder over and over before taking action. But it is hard for you to let go. This planetary configuration endows you with an extraordinary steadfastness. The other side of the coin: tenacity may turn into stubbornness. It is important that you control this strength and that you display more flexibility. It is good to persevere in one�s efforts, but not in one�s errors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259841918945312, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Interpretation of the 27� Taurus symbolic degree", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.535444259643555, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Uranus 6�15' Taurus, in House XI", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.515494346618652, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Uranus in Taurus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.461990356445312, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "Interpretation of the 6� Taurus symbolic degree", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.537592887878418, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "The Second House is the sphere of material security, the money we earn, our possessions, also in a symbolic meaning (close people etc). It is in analogy with Taurus and Venus. It is a succedent house, quite important.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465705871582031, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." }, { "answer": "Taurus", "passage": "House XII 17�40' Taurus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510894775390625, "source": "search", "title": "Astrology: Glenda Jackson, date of birth: 1936/05/09 ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "Super Bowl XXV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1990 season. The Giants defeated the Bills by the score of 20–19, winning their second Super Bowl. It is the only Super Bowl decided by one point.", "precise_score": 9.741657257080078, "rough_score": 6.825739860534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XXV" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "With the win, the Redskins became the first team, and Joe Gibbs the first coach, to win a Super Bowl with three different quarterbacks. Two other teams have since duplicated this feat: the New York Giants (Phil Simms in Super Bowl XXI, Jeff Hostetler in Super Bowl XXV, and Eli Manning in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI) and the Green Bay Packers (Bart Starr in the first two Super Bowls, Brett Favre in Super Bowl XXXI, and Aaron Rodgers in Super Bowl XLV).", "precise_score": 8.02739143371582, "rough_score": 7.294896125793457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XXVI" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "Super Bowl XXV - New York Giants vs. Buffalo Bills - January 27th, 1991", "precise_score": 6.631853103637695, "rough_score": 4.765275001525879, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XXV - New York Giants vs. Buffalo Bills ..." }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "New York Giants", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.414691925048828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XXV" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "The 1990 New York Giants were built to head coach Bill Parcells' specifications of \"power football\": a powerful defense and an offense that sustained extremely long drives. The Giants' defense ranked second in the league in fewest total yards allowed (4,392) and first in fewest points allowed, and boasted three Pro Bowl selections: defensive tackle Erik Howard, and linebackers Pepper Johnson and Lawrence Taylor. The secondary was led by defensive back Everson Walls, an offseason acquisition from the Dallas Cowboys, who recorded 6 interceptions, and safety Greg Jackson, who recorded 5 interceptions and 4 sacks. The Giants' offense was unspectacular, ranking just 17th in the league in yards gained and 13th in points scored. But they wore down opposing teams' defenses with extremely long drives, thus keeping their opponents' offense on the sidelines and preventing them from scoring. More importantly, the Giants set an NFL record by losing only 14 turnovers in a 16-game regular season. A big reason for the team's offensive success was the blocking of linemen Bart Oates and William Roberts, the only Pro Bowlers on the offense. Kick returner Dave Meggett led the NFL in punt return yards (467), while also gaining 492 yards on kickoff returns, rushing for 164 yards, and catching 39 passes for 410 yards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.070019721984863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XXV" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "The defensive game plan for the Giants, written by defensive coordinator Bill Belichick, has been included in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The Giants' triumph helped Belichick and wide receivers coach Tom Coughlin make their names and eventually land head-coaching jobs with the Cleveland Browns and Boston College, respectively. Currently, Belichick is head coach of the New England Patriots, while Coughlin went from Boston College to be the first-ever head coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars, and spent 12 seasons as the head coach of the New York Giants before resigning in 2016. Giants head coach Bill Parcells retired shortly after winning his second Super Bowl with the Giants. However, he went on to coach three other teams since then: the New England Patriots (whom he helped bring to Super Bowl XXXI) from 1993–1996, the New York Jets from 1997–1999, and the Dallas Cowboys from 2003–2006. Both Coughlin and Belichick have gone on to win Super Bowls as head coaches: Belichick with the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX and XLIX; Coughlin with the Giants in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI, coincidentally, both against Belichick's Patriots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.961878299713135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl XXV" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "The NFC champion New York Giants won their second Super Bowl in five years with a 20-19 victory over AFC titlist Buffalo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.740359306335449, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XXV Game Recap - NFL.com" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "Super Bowl XXV 25 Buffalo Bills 19 New York Giants 20", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.450871467590332, "source": "search", "title": "Scott Norwood Missed Field Goal Super Bowl XXV - YouTube" }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "The NFC champion New York Giants won their second Super Bowl in five years with a 20-19 victory over the AFC Buffalo Bills.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9620890617370605, "source": "search", "title": "Scott Norwood Missed Field Goal Super Bowl XXV - YouTube" }, { "answer": "NY Giants", "passage": "Super Bowl XXV: Scott Norwood's missed field goal gives NY Giants 20-19 victory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.4020304679870605, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XXV: Giants say 'Right On' as Norwood's missed ..." }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "This was the ultimate strength-versus-strength gridiron battle: The high-octane Buffalo Bills offense against the unrelenting New York Giants defense in Super Bowl XXV.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4220283031463623, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XXV: Giants say 'Right On' as Norwood's missed ..." }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "Super Bowl XXV - New York Giants vs. Buffalo Bills - January 27th, 1991 | Pro-Football-Reference.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5110201835632324, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XXV - New York Giants vs. Buffalo Bills ..." }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "> New York Giants vs. Buffalo Bills - January 27th, 1991", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29755687713623, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl XXV - New York Giants vs. Buffalo Bills ..." }, { "answer": "New York Giants", "passage": "On January 27th, 1991, Marv Levy and the Buffalo Bills lost Super Bowl 25 to Bill Parcells' New York Giants, 20-19. Fans at Tampa Stadium in Florida watched Otis Anderson take home Super Bowl Twenty-Five's MVP. Jeff Hostetler completed passes to seven different players including Mark Bevaro, Mark Ingram, and Dave Megget. His lone touchdown went to Stephen Baker. Thurman Thomas had 190 total yards. Jim Kelly found James Lofton and Andre Reed, but couldn't find the end zone. Lawrence Taylor and Pepper Johnson harassed Kelly often. Matt Bahr's kick put the Giants up 20-19 in the fourth. Scott Norwood attempted a 46 yard field goal to win the game as time expired, but the kick sailed wide right.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9125845432281494, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl History 1990 - 1999 - Superbowl in the 1990's" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Texas (U.S. State)", "US-TX", "Texos", "Texas", "Lone Star State", "Texas, USA", "Religion in Texas", "Texas (state)", "Lake Ozark, Texas", "Christianity in Texas", "The State of Texas", "Twenty-eighth State", "Texas-sized", "Texas (State)", "28th State", "The Lone Star State", "Twenty-Eighth State", "Texas, United States", "Texas (U.S. state)", "Texass", "State of Texas", "Everything is bigger in Texas", "28th state" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "texas", "religion in texas", "texos", "christianity in texas", "texass", "texas u s state", "us tx", "lake ozark texas", "twenty eighth state", "state of texas", "lone star state", "texas state", "texas sized", "28th state", "texas usa", "texas united states", "everything is bigger in texas" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "texas", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Texas" }

[ { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport ( ) was the first civilian airport built in Austin, Texas, operating from 1930 to 1999. It was replaced as Greater Austin's main airport by the Austin Bergstrom International Airport. Located a few miles northeast of downtown Austin, the airport was named after Robert Mueller, a city commissioner who had died while in office in January 1927. Mueller was identified with the three letter \"AUS\" airport code and this \"AUS\" code was then assigned to the Austin Bergstrom International Airport in 1999.", "precise_score": 7.415297508239746, "rough_score": 8.215272903442383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The Robert Mueller Municipal Airport was located just a few miles northeast of downtown Austin, Texas and served as the city's only commercial airport from 1936 until 1999. After closing its doors, it was eventually designated to be a planned urban development for the city of Austin. Groundbreaking for the new Mueller Community began in 2007.", "precise_score": 7.416459083557129, "rough_score": 8.186857223510742, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport - citiCite" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The Robert Mueller Municipal Airport In Austin, Texas, Has Become A New Urbanist Community, But Its Control Tower Remains A Well-loved Icon.", "precise_score": 7.331937789916992, "rough_score": 7.693595886230469, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport | Architect Magazine ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "A decades-long community planning and redevelopment process has transformed the 700-acre site of the former Robert Mueller Municipal Airport on the eastern side of Austin, Texas. When the airport had been active, its proximity negatively affected economic conditions in surrounding neighborhoods, which also suffered from being isolated from downtown Austin by Interstate 35. Beginning as a grassroots effort in the 1980s, local residents articulated a new vision for the area that would relocate the airport and attract businesses, create a mixed-use development, and encourage a mixed-income residential community. That vision and the airport’s closure in 1999 paved the way for redevelopment of the airport site with a planned community, Mueller, consisting of various housing types, commercial properties, and a network of green spaces. The first residents moved into Mueller in 2007. If market conditions remain favorable, by 2020 the community is expected to be substantially built out, with 5,900 total housing units, 4.3 million square feet of commercial space, and 140 acres of green space. Emphasizing housing affordability, environmental sustainability, economic development, and community participation, Mueller’s redevelopment represents model urban development practice in both its planning and implementation .", "precise_score": 4.86855411529541, "rough_score": 6.548077583312988, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, Austin, Texas : digitized from OC 30, surveyed March 1990, 12th edition (Book, 1990) [WorldCat.org]", "precise_score": 6.837723255157471, "rough_score": 8.04659366607666, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, Austin, Texas ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22617419 Title: Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, Austin, Texas : digitized from OC 30, surveyed March 1990, 12th edition Publisher: [Washington, D.C.?] : The Service, [1990?] OCLC:22617419", "precise_score": 6.186131954193115, "rough_score": 8.348550796508789, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, Austin, Texas ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "In the 1950s, developers began building residential areas beneath the flight paths of Mueller and, in parallel, the number of arrivals and departures at the airport increased dramatically as the city's population grew. The April 1957 OAG lists a total of 33 weekday departures operated by three airlines: fifteen on Braniff International Airways, ten on Trans-Texas Airways (TTa) and eight on Continental Airlines. No nonstop flights were operated beyond San Antonio, San Angelo, Dallas Love Field (DAL) or Houston Hobby Airport (HOU) at this time. The first scheduled nonstop beyond Texas was flown from Mueller with a Boeing 727 operated by Braniff to Washington Dulles Airport (IAD) in 1968; that flight lasted until 1980. It was the only nonstop out of the state until Braniff attempted to serve Chicago O'Hare Airport (ORD) nonstop in 1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.61803936958313, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "By 1968, Trans-Texas Airways was operating Douglas DC-9-10 twin jets into Mueller with nonstops to Dallas Love Field, Houston Hobby and San Antonio as well as direct, no change of plane jet service being flown to New Orleans, Memphis, Little Rock and Corpus Christi. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.559619426727295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "In early 1976, the same three airlines were operating scheduled passenger service into the airport although Trans-Texas Airways had changed its name to Texas International Airlines. According to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), Braniff was operating up to eight nonstops a day to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) with Boeing 727-100 and 727-200 jetliners and was also operating the aforementioned nonstop service to Washington Dulles Airport with a 727-200 as well as nonstop 727-200 service to San Antonio. In addition, Braniff was operating one stop, no change of plane 727 jet service to Chicago O'Hare Airport, New York JFK Airport, Kansas City, Memphis and Amarillo and also direct, multi-stop 727 flights to Detroit, Newark and Washington National Airport (which would become Ronald Reagan Airport). All of the Continental service at this time was being operated with Boeing 727-200 jetliners with nonstop service three times a day to both Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH) and Midland/Odessa with one stop, no change of plane jet service being flown to Miami and El Paso. Continental was also operating direct, multi-stop service several times a day to Los Angeles (LAX), Phoenix and Tucson, and subsequently operated Boeing 720B jetliners into Mueller on the multi-stop route between IAH and LAX which included AUS. Texas International was flying nonstop Douglas DC-9-10 jet service to Dallas/Ft. Worth International Airport, Houston Intercontinental, Lubbock and San Antonio with one stop, no change of plane jet flights being operated to Albuquerque, Amarillo, Corpus Christi, Laredo and Little Rock. Texas International was also operating direct, multi-stop DC-9 flights to Denver and Los Angeles as well as flying nonstop Convair 600 turboprop flights to Houston in addition to its DC-9 service on the route. By 1979, Texas International was flying McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jetliners in addition to DC-9-10s and was operating all flights with jets from Mueller. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.332680702209473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "For a number of years, the Texas Army National Guard also had facilities at the airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.907526969909668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Whether the aging Mueller should be relocated to Manor, Texas, was a perennial issue in Austin politics, until the closure of Bergstrom Air Force Base opened another possibility. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.33621883392334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede (withdraw from) from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, held that a state cannot unilaterally do so. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.212772369384766, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Most states have part-time legislatures, while six of the most populated states have full-time legislatures. However, several states with high population have short legislative sessions, including Texas and Florida. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418473243713379, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "States can also organize their judicial systems differently from the federal judiciary, as long as they protect the federal constitutional right of their citizens to procedural due process. Most have a trial level court, generally called a District Court or Superior Court, a first-level appellate court, generally called a Court of Appeal (or Appeals), and a Supreme Court. However, Oklahoma and Texas have separate highest courts for criminal appeals. In New York State the trial court is called the Supreme Court; appeals are then taken to the Supreme Court's Appellate Division, and from there to the Court of Appeals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337018966674805, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "*Texas, 1845, previously the Republic of Texas ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.514686584472656, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Additionally, the entry of several states into the Union was delayed due to distinctive complicating factors. Among them, Michigan Territory, which petitioned Congress for statehood in 1835, was not admitted to the Union until 1837, due to a boundary dispute the adjoining state of Ohio. The Republic of Texas requested annexation to the United States in 1837, but fears about potential conflict with Mexico delayed the admission of Texas for nine years. Also, statehood for Kansas Territory was held up for several years (1854–61) due to a series of internal violent conflicts involving anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07903003692627, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Following the Civil War, the United States Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, held that states did not have the right to secede and that any act of secession was legally void. Drawing on the Preamble to the Constitution, which states that the Constitution was intended to \"form a more perfect union\" and speaks of the people of the United States in effect as a single body politic, as well as the language of the Articles of Confederation, the Supreme Court maintained that states did not have a right to secede. However, the court's reference in the same decision to the possibility of such changes occurring \"through revolution, or through consent of the States,\" essentially means that this decision holds that no state has a right to unilaterally decide to leave the Union.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.287217140197754, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Once established, most state borders have, with few exceptions, been generally stable. Only two states, Missouri (Platte Purchase) and Nevada, grew appreciably after statehood. Several of the original states ceded land, over a several year period, to the Federal government, which in turn became the Northwest Territory, Southwest Territory, and Mississippi Territory. In 1791 Maryland and Virginia ceded land to create the District of Columbia (Virginia's portion was returned in 1847). In 1850, Texas ceded a large swath of land to the federal government. Additionally, Massachusetts and Virginia (on two occasions), have lost land, in each instance to form a new state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.875748634338379, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The event credited for beginning aviation in Austin was a stop on Cal Rodger's (Calbraith Perry Rodgers) famous flight of the \"Vin Fiz\". As part of a promotional type event for the Ridgetop subdivision just north of Hyde Park, Rodgers landed in an open field on October 20th, 1911. The actual location of his landing was somewhere between 45th and 51st streets, and Duval and Red River. This was one of his 23 planned stops around the state of Texas before continuing west on the transcontinental flight towards the Pacific. The spectacle was observed by three or four dozen local Austin residents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.777995109558105, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport - citiCite" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Incidentally the name of the airstrip, Penn Field, was selected to honor the first central Texas pilot to lose his life in World War I as a result of aerial combat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432154655456543, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport - citiCite" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Mueller. A mixed-use urban village in Austin, Texas", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.640289306640625, "source": "search", "title": "About Us - Mueller. A mixed-use urban village in Austin, Texas" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Located just three miles from downtown Austin and the Texas State Capitol and two miles from The University of Texas at Austin, Mueller is perfectly positioned to become an energetic new hub for central Austin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8412909507751465, "source": "search", "title": "About Us - Mueller. A mixed-use urban village in Austin, Texas" }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Architects Fehr & Granger designed an airport terminal for Austin, Texas, that the 1959 P/A Awards jury voted as “the runner-up to the First Design Award,” praising it as “an excellent solution in planning, as well as design expression.” The architects envisioned the terminal as “a large unified shelter providing flexibility and openness,” with 5-foot-deep steel trusses, 24 feet on center, tied together with diamond-shaped trusses that created a scalloped roof. Exterior columns maximized the flexibility of the one-story interior, which had a centralized outdoor court, concourse, and waiting lounge, flanked by ticketing on one side, and a baggage claim area and restaurant on the other. A control tower rose out of the roof of the building.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973809242248535, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport | Architect Magazine ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community in Mueller Redevelopment | HUD USER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.525545120239258, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Home > Case Studies >Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community in Mueller Redevelopment", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.78793716430664, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community in Mueller Redevelopment", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.402129173278809, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The development’s commercial component accommodates office, institutional, and retail uses. The Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas and the University of Texas Dell Pediatric Research Institute decided to locate at Mueller even before the development agreement was finalized, which, according to Desjardin and Hefner, helped establish Mueller as an employment center. Approximately 1.8 million square feet of commercial space was either completed or under construction as of September 2015. At the end of 2013, Mueller’s commercial space accommodated 67 employers and more than 4,850 workers, which is projected to rise to 13,000 total workers when the development is complete .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.868755340576172, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The built environment at Mueller reflects the project’s sustainability goals and enhances Austin’s reputation as a city with progressive green building standards. Buildings at Mueller are required to comply with the Austin Energy Green Building program , achieving a three-star rating for residential properties and a two-star rating for commercial properties in the program’s five-star rating system, or receive Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification from the U.S. Green Building Council. Mueller is home to the greatest concentration of LEED-certified buildings in Austin, and the community’s commercial and multifamily buildings have achieved special distinction, with 50 properties either certified as LEED Silver or better or rated at least 3 stars by the Austin Energy Green Building program. Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas was designated the first LEED Platinum hospital in the world. Mueller’s high green building standards for houses and neighborhoods pre-date LEED’s rating systems in those categories; its plan has received LEED for Neighborhood Development Silver certification. Hefner and Desjardin credit the project’s impressive sustainability achievements to the task force’s goals, the plan, the development agreement, and the development’s design guidelines, including recycling building materials, reclaiming water, and mitigating heat island effects, as well as the community’s pride in expanding the project’s original environmental goals .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.085648536682129, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." }, { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "Energy-efficiency innovations at Mueller include a demonstration project with grant funding from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Smart Grid Demonstration Program. The project is managed by Pecan Street, an energy research consortium of utilities, university researchers, and technology companies based at the University of Texas at Austin. Pecan encourages Mueller residents to use energy-efficient technologies such as solar panels, appliances with electricity use managed by software, and electric vehicles. To obtain reliable measures of actual energy use, Pecan Street is collecting unprecedented amounts of household data with the goal of encouraging energy-efficient practices that reduce costs to consumers and burdens on the electrical grid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.948388576507568, "source": "search", "title": "Austin, Texas: Realizing a Sustainably Planned Community ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "1969", "passage": "For three years, 1969 to 1971, the number of blacks enrolled in Harvard's freshmen class hovered near the 100 mark. In 1972, the number dropped to 88 and then dropped to 77 in the present freshmen class. In the last two years the number of blacks enrolled at Harvard has decreased nearly 25 per cent. The University claims that the decline in the number of black enrollees was unplanned, but official explanations for the phenomenon are unconvincing.", "precise_score": -1.4863781929016113, "rough_score": -1.209618091583252, "source": "search", "title": "Harvard's Black Admissions | News | The Harvard Crimson" }, { "answer": "1969", "passage": "# What a Year - 1969 - 23 October 2006", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98684024810791, "source": "wiki", "title": "What a Year" }, { "answer": "1969", "passage": "IN 1968, just after Martin Luther King was assassinated, Harvard and other white universities agreed to make concerted efforts to increase their schools' black student enrollments. The plan was to admit more blacks until the percentage of each race within the student body mirrored the distribution of races in the country as a whole. Consequently, the number of black students admitted increased over 100 per cent from 1968 to 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.12821626663208, "source": "search", "title": "Harvard's Black Admissions | News | The Harvard Crimson" }, { "answer": "1969", "passage": "One hundred of the 1250 freshmen enrolled in 1969 were black. Though the ratio fell short of the 12 per cent figure representing the blacks' share of the national population, those who pushed for increased black enrollment were pleased by Harvard's apparent effort.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.36467170715332, "source": "search", "title": "Harvard's Black Admissions | News | The Harvard Crimson" }, { "answer": "1969", "passage": "Horowitz ultimately received both her master’s and doctorate degrees from Harvard in American civilization in 1965 and 1969", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.538003921508789, "source": "search", "title": "Hard-earned gains for women at Harvard | Harvard Gazette" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Al Wilson", "passage": "*A 1973 recording of the song by Al Wilson reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for one week on January 19, 1974; it sold over two million copies and was named a Cash Box Number One Single of the Year. Billboard ranked it as the No. 15 song for 1974. Wilson's version also made No. 10 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.", "precise_score": -4.137256622314453, "rough_score": -9.366677284240723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Show and Tell (song)" }, { "answer": "Al Wilson", "passage": "Al Wilson version", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382725715637207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Show and Tell (song)" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Saint John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice ( since 4 September 2007; earlier in ) is an international airport located near Kraków, in the village of Balice, 11 km west of the city centre, in southern Poland.", "precise_score": 7.5776824951171875, "rough_score": 8.342970848083496, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice" }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Poland (Code :: KRK) | Krakow Airport Map, J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport Code", "precise_score": 5.325398921966553, "rough_score": 7.372871398925781, "source": "search", "title": "J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Poland (Code ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport (hereafter KIA) serves a heavily populated area of southern Poland and is the country’s second busiest, but is hardly a monopoly as it is challenged by both primary and secondary level airports catering to full service/network and budget airlines.", "precise_score": 7.581523418426514, "rough_score": 7.495174884796143, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice Airport is an international private jet airport located in Krakow, Poland suitable for a variety of private jets and its International Air Transport Association code is KRK.", "precise_score": 6.7482476234436035, "rough_score": 7.650229454040527, "source": "search", "title": "Private Jet Charter John Paul II International Airport ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "In 2003, when Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair became interested in starting a service from the John Paul II International Airport, the airport authorities refused to reduce the landing fees. In response, the regional authorities of Kraków and Lesser Poland Voivodeship decided to build a new airport near the existing one, using the infrastructure of the military airbase adjacent to the shared runway. Finally an agreement was reached, and the existing airport was opened to Ryanair and other low-cost carriers such as Germanwings, EasyJet, and Centralwings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.790362358093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice" }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Kraków Airport is the second busiest airport in the country after Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport. The airport has good growth prospects, as almost 8 million people live within 100 km of it. The airport also has a favorable location on the network of existing and planned motorways in this region of Poland, but it faces stiff competition from the nearby Katowice International Airport in Pyrzowice, as well as other Polish airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.840156555175781, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice" }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Public buses link the airport during the day (lines 208, hourly, and 292, every 20 minutes) and during the night (line 902) with the main railway station in Kraków (Kraków Główny) and the central bus station (Kraków Główny RDA). Normal city tariffs apply (2 zones) thus making it by far the cheapest public transport connection to the city centre, at 4.00 PLN. Public buses can be used after purchasing tickets from a ticket machine located at the bus stop (with cash or credit card) or from ticket machines that can be found in some of the buses (with coins only). All tickets have to be validated after getting on a bus. It is also possible to use private-owned bus and minibus services connecting the airport with the city center or other cities in Poland. Tickets require bookings in advance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47015380859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Paul II International Airport Kraków–Balice" }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Poland IATA code:KRK ICAO code: EPKK Elevation: 791 feet / 241 m Notams: Notams for EPKK Airport history:  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.863160133361816, "source": "search", "title": "Kraków-J. Paul II Balice International Airport profile ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Looking for information on J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Krakow, Poland? Know about J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport in detail. Find out the location of J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport on Poland map and also find out airports near to Krakow. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport located and also provide information like hotels near J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, airlines operating to J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Poland. Scroll down to know more about J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport or Krakow Airport, Poland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.690492630004883, "source": "search", "title": "J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Poland (Code ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "This page provides all the information you need to know about J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Poland. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting Poland or traveling to Krakow Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.069459915161133, "source": "search", "title": "J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Poland (Code ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "General information about Poland where J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport is located in the city of Krakow. General information include capital of Poland, currency and conversion rate of Poland currency, Telephone Country code, exchange rate against US Dollar and Euro in case of major world currencies etc...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.228582382202148, "source": "search", "title": "J. Paul Ii Balice International Airport, Poland (Code ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "KIA’s passenger traffic growth was strong in 1Q2016 but several other Polish airports matched or even bettered it. With continuing air transport growth projected throughout Poland, staying ahead of the competition is the new objective.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949700355529785, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Poland finally on a sound political and economic footing", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.537761688232422, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "A snapshot of economic indicators for Poland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53785514831543, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Poland’s second busiest airport, about a third the size of Warsaw Frederic Chopin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.678848266601562, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "GDP Growth of Poland (Percentage change)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.573790550231934, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Inflation, average consumer prices of Poland (Percentage change)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.586697578430176, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Unemployment rate of Poland (Percentage of total labour force)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.559152603149414, "source": "search", "title": "Krakow John Paul II Balice International Airport invests ..." }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "A-Z World Airports Online - Poland airports - Krakow - John Paul II International Airport (KRK/EPKK)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.037796974182129, "source": "search", "title": "John Paul II International Airport - A-Z World Airports Online" }, { "answer": "Poland", "passage": "Kraków Airport, Poland, Ul Kpt M Medweckiego 1, PL-32-083 Balice, Poland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.724707126617432, "source": "search", "title": "John Paul II International Airport - A-Z World Airports Online" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "The story of how Heinz came to be one of the world's best loved brands began over 140 years ago. Take a trip back with us, and find out how Henry J Heinz ensured his name would become associated with quality, variety and good taste by food lovers everywhere.", "precise_score": 2.299201726913452, "rough_score": 0.7015073895454407, "source": "search", "title": "Heinz | Heinz Story" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Two young American businessmen, Henry J Heinz and L Clarence Noble, launch Heinz & Noble. Their first product is Henry's 'pure and superior' grated horseradish, bottled in clear glass to show its purity. The horseradish is grown on a garden patch given to Henry by his parents.", "precise_score": 0.3857937455177307, "rough_score": -2.3318748474121094, "source": "search", "title": "Heinz | Heinz Story" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "As a child Henry Heinz sold excess vegetables from his mother's garden, and by high school he was buying vegetables at wholesale and delivering them to neighbors' homes at a mark-up. After attending business college and working in the office of his father's brick factory, he opened Heinz, Noble & Company in 1869, selling bottled horseradish with his friend L. Clarence Noble. They added pickles, sauerkraut, and vinegar before going bankrupt five years later. In 1875, in partnership with his brother John and cousin Frederick, he opened F & J Heinz Co., selling the same array of condiments plus Heinz' now-famous ketchup. In 1888 he bought out his partners and re-named the business H.J. Heinz Company, and by the time the company was incorporated in 1900, Heinz was already the country's leading manufacturer of ketchup, mustard, pickles, and vinegar.", "precise_score": 2.578442096710205, "rough_score": 3.0320653915405273, "source": "search", "title": "Henry J. Heinz - NNDB: Tracking the entire world" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Pittsburgh has its share of success in the food industry.  Henry John Heinz created the H.J. Heinz Company, synonymous today with its famous ketchup.  Based in Pittsburgh since 1869, the Heinz Company sells over 650 million bottles of ketchup per year.  Heinz is the most global of food serving companies in the country.  Its core products include ketchup, sauces, meals, snacks, and infant/nutrition.", "precise_score": 3.0838754177093506, "rough_score": 1.2828664779663086, "source": "search", "title": "Cool and Famous Things Made in Pittsburgh - Popular Pittsburgh" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Henry sets up business with two of his relations, launching F & J Heinz Company, with Henry as manager. In the US, they launch Heinz Tomato Ketchup followed by a launch in the UK in 1886.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.075568199157715, "source": "search", "title": "Heinz | Heinz Story" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Henry sells his first products ­ 'seven varieties of our finest and newest goods' ­ to London's famous Fortnum & Mason food store.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.566535949707031, "source": "search", "title": "Heinz | Heinz Story" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Howard Heinz, Henry's son, fights the big Depression by adding ready-to-serve soups and baby food to the Heinz range. Feeding families looking for value, taste and quality, they become top sellers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.131284236907959, "source": "search", "title": "Heinz | Heinz Story" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Henry J. Heinz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.681665420532227, "source": "search", "title": "Henry J. Heinz - NNDB: Tracking the entire world" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Henry J. Heinz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.681665420532227, "source": "search", "title": "Henry J. Heinz - NNDB: Tracking the entire world" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Father: John Henry Heinz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.210955619812012, "source": "search", "title": "Henry J. Heinz - NNDB: Tracking the entire world" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "H. J. Heinz was born in 1844 in the Birmingham section of Pittsburgh, the son of Anna Margaretha and John Henry Heinz. His father ran a brickyard in Sharpsburg; part of that property was used as a household garden by his mother.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.054180145263672, "source": "search", "title": "John Heinz: A Western Pennsylvania Legacy" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "At the age of 14, Henry was already tending his own section of the garden and was developing a list of customers. He attended Duff’s Mercantile College and thoroughly familiarized himself with good, sound business practices. Soon, he began peddling prepared horseradish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235109329223633, "source": "search", "title": "John Heinz: A Western Pennsylvania Legacy" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Disaster struck in 1875. Tight money, a national financial panic and the purchase of huge stocks of cucumbers and cabbage led to the bankruptcy of the young company. Despite seemingly impossible odds, Henry regrouped and forged ahead with the emotional and modest financial support of Sarah. He vowed to repay every debt, which he considered moral obligations, and did just that. By February 1876, he joined his brother John and cousin Frederick and launched the F. & J. Heinz Company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.663733959197998, "source": "search", "title": "John Heinz: A Western Pennsylvania Legacy" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "In 1894, the greatest tragedy of Henry’s life occurred—the death of his dearly beloved wife, Sallie. She died from double pneumonia, leaving a broken husband and bereaved children behind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326873779296875, "source": "search", "title": "John Heinz: A Western Pennsylvania Legacy" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "Years of hard work and innovation had made Henry John Heinz and his products internationally known and respected. In 1919, in the year of the 50th anniversary of the founding of Heinz & Noble, H. J. Heinz died of pneumonia at his home, Greenlawn, in Pittsburgh. He had instilled a sense of duty and obligation in his children that would bear fruit for generations to come.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.562106609344482, "source": "search", "title": "John Heinz: A Western Pennsylvania Legacy" }, { "answer": "Henry", "passage": "The son of German immigrants, Henry John Heinz was born on October 11, 1844, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1850, his family moved to nearby Sharpsburg. There, he went into business selling vegetables from his family's garden, building a client list that included grocers in Pittsburgh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.812985897064209, "source": "search", "title": "H.J. Heinz - - Biography.com" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Columbia", "passage": "When Colombia refused to allow the United States  to build a canal across the Panama isthmus, in 1903,  the US intervened to dissect Panama from the rest of Columbia, set up the Republic of Panama, and established the following convention.For the Construction of a Ship Canal to Connect the Waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Signed at Washington, November 18, 1903.", "precise_score": 2.510373830795288, "rough_score": 2.9521899223327637, "source": "search", "title": "Convention Between the US And Panama (Panama Canal), 1903" }, { "answer": "Columbia", "passage": "By the President of the United States of America.A ProclamationWhereas, a Convention between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama to insure the construction of a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, was concluded and signed by their respective Plenipotentiaries at Washington, on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand nine hundred and three, the original of which Convention, being in the English language, is word for word as follows:Isthmian Canal ConventionThe United States of America and the Republic of Panama being desirous to insure the construction of a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and the Congress of the United States of America having passed an act approved June 28, 1902, in furtherance of that object, by which the President of the United States is authorized to acquire within a reasonable time the control of the necessary territory of the Republic of Colombia, and the sovereignty of such territory being actually vested in the Republic of Panama, the high contracting parties have resolved for that purpose to conclude a convention and have accordingly appointed as their plenipotentiaries, The President of the United States of America, John Hay, Secretary of State, andThe Government of the Republic of Panama, Philippe Bunau - Varilla, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Panama, thereunto specially empowered by said government, who after communicating with each other their respective full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:Article IThe United States guarantees and will maintain the independence of the Republic of Panama.Article IIThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of said Canal of the width of ten miles extending to the distance of five miles on each side of the center line of the route of the Canal to be constructed; the said zone beginning in the Caribbean Sea three marine miles from mean low water mark and extending to and across the Isthmus of Panama into the Pacific Ocean to a distance of three marine miles from mean low water mark with the proviso that the cities of Panama and Colon and the harbors adjacent to said cities, which are included within the boundaries of the zone above described, shall not be included within this grant. The Republic of Panama further grants to the United States in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of any other lands and waters outside of the zone above described which may be necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said Canal or of any auxiliary canals or other works necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said enterprise.The Republic of Panama further grants in like manner to the United States in perpetuity, all islands within the limits of the zone above described and in addition thereto, the group of small islands in the Bay of Panama, named Perico, Naos, Culebra and Flamenco.Article IIIThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States all the rights, power and authority within the zone mentioned and described in Article II of this agreement, and within the limits of all auxiliary lands and waters mentioned and described in said Article II which the United States would possess and exercise, if it were the sovereign of the territory within which said lands and waters are located to the entire exclusion of the exercise by the Republic of Panama of any such sovereign rights, power or authority.Article IVAs rights subsidiary to the above grants the Republic of Panama grants in perpetuity, to the United States the right to use the rivers, streams, lakes and other bodies of water within its limits for navigation, the supply of water or waterpower or other purposes, so far as the use of said rivers, streams, lakes and bodies of water and the waters thereof may be necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said Canal.Article VThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States in perpetuity, a monopoly for the construction, maintenance and operation of any system of communication by means of canal or railroad across its territory between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.Article VIThe grants herein contained shall in no manner invalidate the titles or rights of private land holders or owners of private property in the said zone or in or to any of the lands or waters granted to the United States by the provisions of any Article of this treaty, nor shall they interfere with the rights of way over the public roads passing through the said zone or over any of the said lands or waters unless said rights of way or private rights shall conflict with rights herein granted to the United States in which case the rights of the United States shall be superior. All damages caused to the owners of private lands or private property of any kind by reason of the grants contained in this treaty or by reason of the operations of the United States, its agents or employees, or by reason of the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said Canal or of the works of sanitation and protection herein provided for, shall be appraised and settled by a joint Commission appointed by the Governments of the United States and the Republic of Panama, whose decisions as to such damages shall be final and whose awards as to such damages shall be paid solely by the United States. No part of the work on said Canal or the Panama railroad or on any auxiliary works relating thereto and authorized by the terms of this treaty shall be prevented, delayed or impeded by or pending such proceedings to ascertain such damages. The appraisal of said private lands and private property and the assessment of damages to them shall be based upon their value before the date of this convention.Article VIIThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States within the limits of the cities of Panama and Colon and their adjacent harbors and within the territory adjacent thereto the right to acquire by purchase or by the exercise of the right of eminent domain, any lands, buildings, water rights or other properties necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation and protection of the Canal and of any works of sanitation, such as the collection and disposition of sewage and the distribution of water in the said cities of Panama and Colon, which, in the discretion of the United States may be necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said Canal and railroad. All such works of sanitation, collection and disposition of sewage and distribution of water in the cities of Panama and Colon shall be made at the expense of the United States, and the Government of the United States, its agents or nominees shall be authorized to impose and collect water rates and sewage rates which shall be sufficient to provide for the payment of interest and the amortization of the principal of the cost of said works within a period of fifty years and upon the expiration of said term of fifty years the system of sewers and water works shall revert to and become the properties of the cities of Panama and Colon respectively, and the use of the water shall be free to the inhabitants of Panama and Colon, except to the extent that water rates may be necessary for the operation and maintenance of said system of sewers and water.The Republic of Panama agrees that the cities of Panama and Colon shall comply in perpetuity, with the sanitary ordinances whether of a preventive or curative character prescribed by the United States and in case the Government of Panama is unable or fails in its duty to enforce this compliance by the cities of Panama and Colon with the sanitary ordinances of the United States the Republic of Panama grants to the United States the right and authority to enforce the same.The same right and authority are granted to the United States for the maintenance of public order in the cities of Panama and Colon and the territories and harbors adjacent thereto in case the Republic of Panama should not be, in the judgment of the United States, able to maintain such order.Article VIIIThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States all rights which it now has or hereafter may acquire to the property of the New Panama Canal Company and the Panama Railroad Company as a result of the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Columbia to the Republic of Paname over the Isthmus of Panama and authorizes the New Panama Canal Company to sell and transfer to the United States its rights, privileges, properties and concessions as well as the Panama Railroad and all the shares or part of the shares of that company; but the public lands situated outside of the zone described in Article II of this treaty now included in the concessions of both said enterprises and not required in the construction or operation of the Canal shall revert to the Republic of Panama except any property now owned by or in the possession of said companies within Panama or Colon or the ports or terminals thereof.Article IXThe United States agrees that the ports at either entrance of the Canal and the waters thereof, and the Republic of Panama agrees that the towns of Panama and Colon shall be free for all time so that there shall not be imposed or collected custom house tolls, tonnage, anchorage, lighthouse, wharf, pilot, or quarantine dues or any other charges or taxes of any kind upon any vessel using or passing through the Canal or belonging to or employed by the United States, directly or indirectly, in connection with the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the main Canal, or auxiliary works, or upon the cargo, officers, crew, or passengers of any such vessels, except such tolls and charges as may be imposed by the United States for the use of the Canal and other works, and except tolls and charges imposed by the Republic of Panama upon merchandise destined to be introduced for the consumption of the rest of the Republic of Panama, and upon vessels touching at the ports of Colon and Panama and which do not cross the Canal.The Government of the Republic of Panama shall have the right to establish in such ports and in the towns of Panama and Colon such houses and guards as it may deem necessary to collect duties on importations destined to other portions of Panama and to prevent contraband trade. The United States shall have the right to make use of the towns and harbors of Panama and Colon as places of anchorage, and for making repairs, for loading, unloading, depositing, or transshipping cargoes either in transit or destined for the service of the Canal and for other works pertaining to the Canal.Article XThe Republic of Panama agrees that there shall not be imposed any taxes, national, municipal, departmental, or of any other class, upon the Canal, the railways and auxiliary works, tugs and other vessels employed in the service of the Canal, store houses, work shops, offices, quarters for laborers, factories of all kinds, warehouses, wharves, machinery and other works, property, and effects appertaining to the Canal or railroad and auxiliary works, or their officers or employees, situated within the cities of Panama and Colon, and that there shall not be imposed contributions or charges of a personal character of any kind upon officers, employees, laborers, and other individuals in the service of the Canal and railroad and auxiliary works.Article XIThe United States agrees that the official dispatches of the Government of the Republic of Panama shall be transmitted over any telegraph and telephone lines established for canal purposes and used for public and private business at rates not higher than those required from officials in the service of the United States.Article XIIThe Government of the Republic of Panama shall permit the immigration and free access to the lands and workshops of the Canal and its auxiliary works of all employees and workmen of whatever nationality under contract to work upon or seeking employment upon or in any wise connected with the said Canal and its auxiliary works, with their respective families, and all such persons shall be free and exempt from the military service of the Republic of Panama.Article XIIIThe United States may import at any time into the said zone and auxiliary lands, free of custom duties, imposts, taxes, or other charges, and without any restrictions, any and all vessels, dredges, engines, cars, machinery, tools, explosives, materials, supplies, and other articles necessary and convenient in the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the Canal and auxiliary works, and all provisions, medicines, clothing, supplies, and other things necessary and convenient for the officers, employees, workmen and laborers in the service and employ of the United States and for their families. If any such articles are disposed of for use outside of the zone and auxiliary lands granted to the United States and within the territory of the Republic, they shall be subject to the same import or other duties as like articles imported under the laws of the Republic of Panama.Article XIVAs the price or compensation for the rights, powers and privileges granted in this convention by the Republic of Panama to the United States, the Government of the United States agrees to pay to the Republic of Panama the sum of ten million dollars ($10,000,000) in gold coin of the United States on the exchange of the ratification of this convention and also an annual payment during the life of this convention of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) in like gold coin, beginning nine years after the date aforesaid.The provisions of this Article shall be in addition to all other benefits assured to the Republic of Panama under this convention.But no delay or difference of opinion under this Article or any other provisions of this treaty shall affect or interrupt the full operation and effect of this convention in all other respects.Article XVThe joint commission referred to in Article VI shall be established as follows:The President of the United States shall nominate two persons and the President of the Republic of Panama shall nominate two persons and they shall proceed to a decision; but in case of disagreement of the Commission (by reason of their being equally divided in conclusion), an umpire shall be appointed by the two Governments who shall render the decision. In the event of the death, absence, or incapacity of a Commissioner or Umpire, or of his omitting, declining or ceasing to act, his place shall be filled by the appointment of another person in the manner above indicated. All decisions by a majority of the Commission or by the umpire shall be final.Article XVIThe two Governments shall make adequate provision by future agreement for the pursuit, capture, imprisonment, detention and delivery within said zone and auxiliary lands to the authorities of the Republic of Panama of persons charged with the commitment of crimes, felonies, or misdemeanors without said zone and for the pursuit, capture, imprisonment, detention and delivery without said zone to the authorities of the United States of persons charged with the commitment of crimes, felonies and misdemeanors within said zone and auxiliary lands.Article XVIIThe Republic of Panama grants to the United States the use of all the ports of the Republic open to commerce as places of refuge for any vessels employed in the Canal enterprise, and for all vessels passing or bound to pass through the Canal which may be in distress and be driven to seek refuge in said ports. Such vessels shall be exempt from anchorage and tonnage dues on the part of the Republic of Panama.Article XVIIIThe Canal, when constructed, and the entrances thereto shall be neutral in perpetuity, and shall be opened upon the terms provided for by Section I of Article three of, and in conformity with all the stipulations of, the treaty entered into by the Governments of the United States and Great Britain on November 18, 1901.Article XIXThe Government of the Republic of Panama shall have the right to transport over the Canal, its vessels and its troops and munitions of war in such vessels at all times without paying charges of any kind. The exemption is to be extended to the auxiliary railway for the transportation of persons in the service of the Republic of Panama, or of the police force charged with the preservation of public order outside of said zone, as well as to their baggage, munitions of war and supplies.Article XXIf by virtue of any existing treaty in relation to the territory of the Isthmus of Panama, whereof the obligations shall descend or be assumed by the Republic of Panama, there may be any privilege or concession in favor of the Government or the citizens and subjects of a third power relative to an interoceanic means of communication which in any of its terms may be incompatible with the terms of the present convention, the Republic of Panama agrees to cancel or modify such treaty in due form, for which purpose it shall give to the said third power the requisite notification within the term of four months from the date of the present convention, and in case the existing treaty contains no clause permitting its modifications or annulment, the Republic of Panama agrees to procure its modification or annulment in such form that there shall not exist any conflict with the stipulations of the present convention.Article XXIThe rights and privileges granted by the Republic of Panama to the United States in the preceding Articles are understood to be free of all anterior debts, liens, trusts, or liabilities, or concessions or privileges to other Governments, corporations, syndicates or individuals, and consequently, if there should arise any claims on account of the present concessions and privileges or otherwise, the claimants shall resort to the Government of the Republic of Panama, and no to the United States for any indemnity or compromise which may be required.Article XXIIThe Republic of Panama renounces and grants to the United States, the participation to which it might be entitled in the future earnings of the Canal under Article XV of the concessionary contract with Lucien N. B. Wyse, now owned by the New Panama Canal Company and any all other rights or claims of a pecuniary nature arising under or relating to said concession, or arising under or relating to the concessions to the Panama Railroad Company or any extension or modification thereof; and it likewise renounces, confirms and grants to the United States, now and hereafter, all the rights and property reserved in the said concessions which otherwise would belong to Panama at or before the expiration of the terms of ninety - nine years of the concessions granted to or held by the above mentioned party and companies, and all right, title and interest which it now has or may hereafter have, in and to the lands canal, works, property and rights held by the said companies under said concessions or otherwise, and acquired or to be acquired by the United States from or through the New Panama Canal Company, including any property and rights which might or may in the future either by lapse of time, forfeiture or otherwise, revert to the Republic of Panama under any contracts or concessions, with said Wyse, the Universal Panama Canal Company, the Panama Railroad Company and the New Panama Canal Company.The aforesaid rights and property shall be and are free and released from any present or reversionary interest in or claims of Panama and the title of the United States thereto upon consummation of the contemplated purchase by the United States from the New Panama Canal Company, shall be absolute, so far as concerns the Republic of Panama, excepting always the rights of the Republic specifically secured under this treaty.Article XXIIIIf it should become necessary at any time to employ armed forces for the safety or protection of the Canal, or of the ships that make use of the same, or the railways and auxiliary works, the United States shall have the right, at all times and in its discretion, to use its police and its land and naval forces or to establish fortifications for these purposes.Article XXIVNo change either in the Government or in the laws and treaties of the Republic of Panama shall, without the consent of the United States, affect any right of the United States under the present convention, or under any treaty stipulation between the two countries that now exists or may hereafter exist touching the subject matter of this convention.If the Republic of Panama shall hereafter enter as a constituent into any other Government or into any union or confederation of states, so as to merge her sovereignty or independence in such Government, union or confederation, the rights of the United States under this convention shall not be in any respect lessened or impaired.Article XXVFor the better performance of the engagements of this convention and to the end of the efficient protection of the Canal and the preservation of its neutrality, the Government of the Republic of Panama will sell or lease to the United States lands adequate and necessary for the naval or coaling stations on the Pacific coast and on the western Caribbean coast of the Republic at certain points to be agreed upon with the President of the United States.Article XXVIThis convention when signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the Contracting Parties shall be ratified by the respective Governments and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington at the earliest date possible.", "precise_score": 0.5127032995223999, "rough_score": -2.6512365341186523, "source": "search", "title": "Convention Between the US And Panama (Panama Canal), 1903" }, { "answer": "Columbia", "passage": "Pre-Columbian period ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333404541015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Panama" }, { "answer": "Columbia", "passage": "Pre-Columbian era ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314430236816406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colombia" }, { "answer": "Columbia", "passage": "Colombian literature dates back to pre-Columbian era; a notable example of the period is the epic poem known as the Legend of Yurupary. In Spanish colonial times notable writers include Hernando Domínguez Camargo and his epic poem to San Ignacio de Loyola, Juan Rodríguez Freyle (The Sheep) and the nun Francisca Josefa de Castillo, representative of mysticism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21483039855957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colombia" }, { "answer": "Columbia", "passage": "Ancient habitation areas, longhouses, crop terraces, pathways, cemeteries, hypogeums and necropolises are all part of the architectural heritage of indigenous peoples. Some prominent indigenous structures are the preceramic and ceramic archaeological site of Tequendama, Tierradentro (a park that contains the largest concentration of pre-Columbian monumental shaft tombs with side chambers), the largest collection of religious monuments and megalithic sculptures in South America, located in San Agustín, Huila. Lost city (an archaeological site with a series of terraces carved into the mountainside, a net of tiled roads and several circular plazas) and also stand out the large villages mainly built with stone, wood, cane and mud. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.415095329284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Colombia" } ]

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[ { "answer": "69", "passage": "Raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois, Ronald Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor and starred in a few major productions. Reagan was twice elected as President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed. He became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagan's speech, \"A Time for Choosing\", in support of Barry Goldwater's floundering presidential campaign, earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman. Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. As governor, Reagan raised taxes, turned a state budget deficit to a surplus, challenged the protesters at the University of California, ordered National Guard troops in during a period of protest movements in 1969, and was re-elected in 1970. He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nominations in 1968 and 1976; four years later, he easily won the nomination outright, going on to be elected the oldest President, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter in 1980.", "precise_score": 0.07127676904201508, "rough_score": 1.7901400327682495, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "After making unsuccessful bids for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and 1976, Reagan received his party’s nod in 1980. In that year’s general election, he and running mate George H.W. Bush (1924-) faced off against President Jimmy Carter (1924-) and Vice President Walter Mondale (1928-). Reagan won the election by an electoral margin of 489-49 and captured almost 51 percent of the popular vote. At age 69, he was the oldest person elected to the U.S. presidency.", "precise_score": 5.977550029754639, "rough_score": 3.1419832706451416, "source": "search", "title": "Ronald Reagan - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "sixty-nine", "passage": "Ronald Wilson Reagan, the fortieth United States President (1981-1989) was the oldest man to serve as Chief Executive. He was sixty-nine years old at the time of his election. The first movie actor to be elected President, he became known as \"The Great Communicator\" for his oratory skills.", "precise_score": 8.46423625946045, "rough_score": 8.621268272399902, "source": "search", "title": "The 40th US President - Ronald Reagan - Sheppard Software" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "Shortly after the beginning of his term, Reagan tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a \"Stop Nixon\" movement, hoping to cut into Nixon's Southern support and be a compromise candidate if neither Nixon nor second-place Nelson Rockefeller received enough delegates to win on the first ballot at the Republican convention. However, by the time of the convention Nixon had 692 delegate votes, 25 more than he needed to secure the nomination, followed by Rockefeller with Reagan in third place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.363238334655762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "Reagan was involved in high-profile conflicts with the protest movements of the era. On May 15, 1969, during the People's Park protests at UC Berkeley, Reagan sent the California Highway Patrol and other officers to quell the protests, in an incident that became known as \"Bloody Thursday,\" resulting in the death of student James Rector and the blinding of carpenter Alan Blanchard. Reagan then called out 2,200 state National Guard troops to occupy the city of Berkeley for two weeks to crack down on the protesters. A year after \"Bloody Thursday,\" Reagan responded to questions about campus protest movements saying, \"If it takes a bloodbath, let's get it over with. No more appeasement.\" When the Symbionese Liberation Army kidnapped Patty Hearst in Berkeley and demanded the distribution of food to the poor, Reagan joked to a group of political aides about a botulism outbreak contaminating the food. Conversely, in that one afternoon, \"Bloody Thursday,\" 111 police officers were injured, including one C.H.P. officer who was knifed in the chest. After calling in the National Guard, the Guard remained in Berkeley for 17 days, camping in People's Park, and demonstrations subsided as the University removed cordoned-off fencing and placed all development plans for People's Park on hold. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.395572185516357, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "In 1969, Reagan, as governor, signed the Family Law Act, an amalgam of two bills which had been written and revised by the California State Legislature for over two years and became the first no-fault divorce legislation in the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.884714126586914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "To date, Reagan is the oldest person elected to the office of the presidency (at 69) and the oldest president at the time of inauguration (at 69 years, 341 days). In his first inaugural address on January 20, 1981, which Reagan himself wrote, he addressed the country's economic malaise arguing: \"In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7030233144760132, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "On March 30, 1981, only 69 days into the new administration, Reagan, his press secretary James Brady, Washington police officer Thomas Delahanty, and Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy were struck by gunfire from would-be assassin John Hinckley Jr., outside the Washington Hilton Hotel. Although \"close to death\" upon arrival at George Washington University Hospital, Reagan was stabilized in the emergency room, then underwent emergency exploratory surgery. He recovered and was released from the hospital on April 11, becoming the first serving U.S. President to survive being shot in an assassination attempt. The attempt had great influence on Reagan's popularity; polls indicated his approval rating to be around 73%. Reagan believed that God had spared his life so that he might go on to fulfill a greater purpose. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.410773277282715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "After Soviet fighters downed Korean Air Lines Flight 007 near Moneron Island on September 1, 1983, carrying 269 people, including Georgia congressman Larry McDonald, Reagan labeled the act a \"massacre\" and declared that the Soviets had turned \"against the world and the moral precepts which guide human relations among people everywhere.\" The Reagan administration responded to the incident by suspending all Soviet passenger air service to the United States, and dropped several agreements being negotiated with the Soviets, wounding them financially. As result of the shootdown, and the cause of KAL 007's going astray thought to be inadequacies related to its navigational system, Reagan announced on September 16, 1983, that the Global Positioning System would be made available for civilian use, free of charge, once completed in order to avert similar navigational errors in future. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.687402725219727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ronald Reagan" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "Perhaps the most important of all presidential powers is the command of the United States Armed Forces as its commander-in-chief. While the power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, the president has ultimate responsibility for direction and disposition of the military. The present-day operational command of the Armed Forces (belonging to the Department of Defense) is normally exercised through the Secretary of Defense, with assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to the Combatant Commands, as outlined in the presidentially approved Unified Command Plan (UCP). The framers of the Constitution took care to limit the president's powers regarding the military; Alexander Hamilton explains this in Federalist No. 69: Congress, pursuant to the War Powers Resolution, must authorize any troop deployments longer than 60 days, although that process relies on triggering mechanisms that have never been employed, rendering it ineffectual. Additionally, Congress provides a check to presidential military power through its control over military spending and regulation. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, critics have charged that there have been several conflicts in which presidents did not get official declarations, including Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the invasions of Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.87757682800293, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be assassin, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.737844228744507, "source": "search", "title": "Ronald Reagan | whitehouse.gov" }, { "answer": "69", "passage": "President Reagan took office in January 1981, announcing that “Government is not the solution to our problem; it is the problem.”  The release of the American hostages in Iran on the day of his inauguration started his administration on a high note.  His popularity increased 69 days later when mentally ill John Hinckley Jr. shot him in an assassination attempt.  Americans were impressed with his courage and gallantry in the wake of a life-threatening injury—in the hospital emergency room, he told his wife “I forgot to duck.”  He continued to carry out his responsibilities as president during his recovery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.517000675201416, "source": "search", "title": "Ronald Reagan's Boyhood Home--Presidents: A Discover Our ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Grant DeVolson Wood", "Grant Wood" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "grant wood", "grant devolson wood" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "grant wood", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Grant Wood" }

[ { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa, by a young painter from Eldon, John Sharp. Looking for inspiration, Wood noticed the Dibble House, a small white house built in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style. Sharp's brother suggested in 1973 that it was on this drive that Wood first sketched the house on the back of an envelope. Wood's earliest biographer, Darrell Garwood, noted that Wood \"thought it a form of borrowed pretentiousness, a structural absurdity, to put a Gothic-style window in such a flimsy frame house.\" At the time, Wood classified it as one of the \"cardboardy frame houses on Iowa farms\" and considered it \"very paintable\". After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard. This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work.", "precise_score": 1.5543642044067383, "rough_score": 1.5415828227996826, "source": "wiki", "title": "American Gothic" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "A high horizon line running along the exaggerated width of the composition paradoxically creates simultaneous feelings of expansion and compression in this depiction of an eastern Iowa landscape. The primary subject of Spring Turning, 1936, an oil painting on Masonite panel, is the remembered landscape of Grant Wood’s childhood in Anamosa, Iowa. There is no visual evidence of twentieth century progress in this setting—no automobiles, farm machinery, paved roads, or electric wires. Wood scholar Wanda Corn describes it as “man liv(ing) in complete harmony with nature; he is the earth’s caretaker, coaxing her into abundance, bringing coherence and beauty to her surfaces” (see Wanda Corn, Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983, 90). The painting was first exhibited at the Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh in 1936 and on February 8, 1937 was featured in a full-color two-page spread in Life magazine (see Erika Doss, Benton, Pollock and the Politics of Modernism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 175).", "precise_score": 4.749966144561768, "rough_score": 5.184456825256348, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "While studying in Munich in 1928 , Grant Wood grew to admire the Northern Renaissance artists Jan van Eyck, Hans Memling, and Hans Holbein the Younger, and this admiration is evident in his most celebrated artwork, American Gothic (1930). Instead of a donor and saint with attributes, there are a farmer and farmwoman. Wood originally intended the pair to be father and spinster daughter but they have generally been perceived as a married couple. The highly realistic depiction is heightened by the almost non-detectible brushwork and glazed surfaces. Wood’s attention to telling detail, such as the rickrack trim on the farmwoman’s apron, her cameo, and the Gothic tracery in the vernacular architecture of the farmhouse, can also be found in Spring Turning. All the details of Spring Turning were worked out in the full-scale preparatory drawing, now in the collection of the Huntington Library and Art Gallery (see Study for Spring Turning, 1936. Pencil, charcoal, and chalk on paper, 17 1/2 in x 39 ¾ in. In the collection of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California. Gift of the Virginia Steele Scott Foundation, 83.8.53). In both the study and the painting, the cottonwood trees along the stream in the lower right-hand corner, the fence post “stitching” in the square fields created by the initial outmost furrow of each field, and the visual “stippling” of cattle on the hillside behind the farmhouse have a hypnotic effect upon the viewer. Although Wood employs the basic tools of linear perspective in the recession of forms into deep space, he also activates the picture plane by use of careful brushwork, as in his crosshatching light and darker green in the fields and the squared-off strokes of light on dark sienna brown to show the plowed earth in the near fields that eventually smooth to ribbon in the distance. The viewer’s gaze is kept within the composition by the horizontal tilt-up of the landscape towards the picture plane, which also has the effect of directing the viewer’s gaze away from the observation of minute details to seeing the overall geometric forms of the landscape. As his fellow Regionalist painter Thomas Hart Benton often did, Wood created a scale model in clay prior to painting his canvas, in order to accurately depict the shadows that would be cast. The support of this painting is the smooth side of a Masonite panel, with a commercial white oil-based paint as the ground and incorporating drawing and multiple layers of transparent, pigmented glazes made from equal parts linseed oil, damar varnish, turpentine and oil paint. The significant use of modifiers to the paint may be the cause of wrinkling and craquelure that can be found in this and other of Wood’s painted surfaces (see James Horns and Helen Mar Parkin, “Grant Wood: A Technical Study,” in Grant Wood: An American Master Revealed, San Francisco: Pomegranate Artbooks for Davenport Museum of Art, 1995, 85).", "precise_score": 4.048327445983887, "rough_score": 1.0115951299667358, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Wood’s landscape paintings and lithographs capture the seasonal motifs of farming, i.e. spring planting, summer hoeing, fall plowing and fallow fields in winter. Although raised on a farm until a teenager, Grant Wood never considered becoming a farmer himself. Yet Spring Turning, like his other images of Iowa, presents an optimistic, inviting landscape in contrast to his difficult childhood on the farm with a distant and reserved father. Much has been made of the fact that this painting was done during the artist’s four-year marriage to Sara Sherman Maxson, and after the death of his mother Hattie, to whom he was immeasurably devoted. Wanda Corn and other critics read the landscape of Spring Turning as a reclining female nude, or as a large patchwork quilt draped over a female body (Corn 90). More recent scholars including Robert Hughes, Henry Adams, and Tripp Evans assert that Grant Wood was a closeted homosexual; Evans suggests that this image is “the most erotically charged landscape Wood ever created,” and that these same fields suggest “a man’s body, rather than the reclining figure of an earth goddess” that Wanda Corn suggested (see Tripp R. Evans, Grant Wood: A Life, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010, 235). Although never discussed in these specific terms during Wood’s lifetime, it seems interesting that this was created during the period when the artist Georgia O’Keeffe was angrily rejecting critical readings of her large-scale flowers as sexual imagery. Instead what the contemporary critic Henry McBride wrote of the painting in “Wood’s Satire”, The New York Sentinel, October 1936, was:", "precise_score": 4.114147663116455, "rough_score": 2.7863729000091553, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant DeVolson Wood was born February 13, 1891, in Anamosa, Iowa, to Francis Maryville and Hattie Weaver Wood. He had two older brothers with whom he was not close, and a younger sister, Nan. After the early and unexpected death of his father in 1901, the Woods moved twenty-five miles away from the family farm to nearby Cedar Rapids. Grant lived most of his life in eastern Iowa, and with his mother, Hattie. His sister Nan, with whom he was very close, lived with Grant and their mother until her marriage and posed for her brother on numerous occasions, most notably in American Gothic. Grant Wood married Sara Mason Maxon in the spring of 1935 and moved to Iowa City. Hattie Wood died that fall. His marriage ended in divorce in 1939. Grant Wood died in 1942 from pancreatic cancer.", "precise_score": -1.008204698562622, "rough_score": -1.7764296531677246, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood was an American painter who was born in Iowa in 1891 and died in 1942. He is famous for his scenes depicting rural American culture in the midwest. His most famous painting is said to be \"American Gothic\" feature an old woman and man standing in front of a house holding a pitch fork. In 1913 he moved to Chicago to study at the Art Institute there, while there he worked as a silversmith. He traveled to Europe to study impressionist and post-impressionist work, but later found that the most influential artist to his style would be the 15th century Dutch painter, Jan vanEyck. In 1932 Wood founded the Stone City Art Colony which helped artists suffering from the devastating Great Depression that hit America at that time. In 1934 Wood became a fine art professor at the University of Iowa. During that time he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and died the day before his 51st birthday.", "precise_score": 5.181460380554199, "rough_score": 6.918676853179932, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood Paintings | Oil Paintings Gallery" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": " While John Constable's landscapes look up and out to the sky and God, Grant Wood's gaze is down and in upon the earth as on the body of a recumbent lover. Like a Gaston Lachaise sculpture, Wood sees the land of his native Iowa as a bosomy, rippling-fleshed, full-bellied woman, a sensually sprawling Earth Mother at the zenith of her richness and plenitude. In \"Spring Turning,\" for example, infinitesimal farmers plow massive earthen buttocks.", "precise_score": 1.3849197626113892, "rough_score": -0.8196164965629578, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood, Regionalist, Whitney Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "American Gothic for orchestra is a contemporary musical reflection on the creative world of Iowa artist, Grant Wood (1891-1942). Composed in memory of my father, Willis Daugherty (1929-2011), the music also reflects on the years I grew up in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. With exceptional public schools, opulent movie palaces and a marvelous symphony orchestra, art museum, public library and community theater, Cedar Rapids is a splendid Midwestern center for the arts.", "precise_score": 4.740250587463379, "rough_score": 2.4115562438964844, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "The first movement features a rollicking melody with colorful orchestration, suggesting the vivid colors and dynamic curves of Grant Wood’s paintings of rural Iowa. Just as Grant Wood simplified elements of the Iowa landscape into a precisely placed compositional design, I have created an abstract musical pattern. Like the modernist geometric patterns imposed on rolling hills in Young Corn (1931) and in Spring Turning (1936), the music rolls along in a continuous ascending and descending melody that moves from one instrument to the other, from the tuba to the string pizzicato. The percussion crackles like the sound of the corn growing in row after row on a hot summer day.", "precise_score": 2.3826022148132324, "rough_score": 0.9604086875915527, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "A son of a Midwestern farmer, Grant Wood lived his entire life in Iowa, only briefly traveling to Europe. The unique character of small-town mid-America had a lasting impression on Wood that compelled him to make it the chosen theme of countless paintings. Over the course of his career, it seems that Wood had a stock of subject matter that revolved around American folklore and life in the countryside. A farmer plowing a field, mother and child planting new crops, grandma mending, and grandpa eating freshly popped corn all became the recognizable �stars� of Wood�s creations. He is primarily known for his paintings such as these, and in particular, the painting American Gothic featuring a Midwestern father and daughter. Since its creation in 1930, it has gained an iconic stature in American culture.", "precise_score": 2.2739810943603516, "rough_score": 0.7739624977111816, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood (1891-1942) - American Regionalist" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "BORN AT Anamosa, Iowa, Grant Wood spent his entire life in this small town in the American Midwest, and his paintings are a chronicle of the people and the scenery of the district. In the 1920s, however, he travelled to France and the Netherlands where he studied the works of the Old Masters, especially the Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance and Flemish School, all of which had a strong influence on his own paintings. His best-known painting, American Gothic, is aptly named, for in it Wood depicts a cottage in his home town whose Gothic window appealed to him. In the foreground stands a typical Midwestern farmer and his wife, actually Wood’s sister and his dentist, who served as his models. He was severely criticized at the time for lampooning the values of Middle America but he defended himself insisting that the painting was intended as a sincere tribute to the simple dignity of rural communities. Wood was the foremost of the Regionalists, a group of American artists who rejected the abstract in favour of the realism of ordinary people and their locale.", "precise_score": 3.96990704536438, "rough_score": 5.4036478996276855, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood - masterclassart.com" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood's inspiration came from what is now known as the American Gothic House, and his decision to paint the house along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\" The painting shows a farmer standing beside a woman that has been interpreted to be either his wife or his daughter.Fineman, Mia (June 8, 2005). [http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/art/2005/06/the_most_famous_farm_couple_in_the_world.html \"The Most Famous Farm Couple in the World: Why American Gothic still fascinates.\"]. Slate. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister, Nan Wood Graham, and Wood and Graham's dentist. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the man is holding a pitchfork. The plants on the porch of the house are mother-in-law's tongue and geranium, which are the same plants as in Wood's 1929 portrait of his mother, Woman with Plants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.223008155822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "American Gothic" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "The landscape shown has been segmented into fields for cultivation. The composition encompasses four fields, side by side in pairs and receding at a diagonal away from the picture plane. Their geometric demarcation is man-made, indicated by the plowed furrows that are being turned under in preparation for planting, the rusty red-orange furrows highlighted against the velvety green growth. Each field is surrounded by posthole fences. One can see the fence posts but not the strung wires, thus reinforcing the repetition of the posts as hemmed stitches on a vast quilt. The left of the rear fields has been completely plowed, while the other three are in the process of being plowed. The tiny form of a farmer works the square from the outside to its center. There is a hint of one work-team silhouetted against the sky. The foreground field is being worked by a farmer and team of draft horses, while the mid-ground field is being worked by a farmer driving a team of oxen. In the bottom right third of the composition, a small bridge crosses a shaded stream. At the far end of the recessional diagonal created by the contour of the foreground hill is a single tree casting a shadow, as if in response to the distant pink-flowering tree back by the foot bridge. Along the left edge of the composition, tucked into the far side of a hill, a farmhouse is partly visible, along with grazing cattle in the adjoining field. Slightly above and to the right, barely visible against the sky on the farthest hill, is yet another work team, while the next hill over is topped by a very tiny weathervane against the sky. The bright blue sky is scattered with clouds, but rather than appear rounded these clouds seem to square themselves up parallel to the fields below them. The overall dominance of geometric forms in this landscape and an almost deliberate minimization of pattern and decoration may be traced to Wood’s studies under Ernest Batchelder. Specifically, critic James Dennis says that Batchelder would have been familiar with the art teachings of Arthur Wesley Dow, whose art manual Composition was first published in 1899 and was reissued several times through the 1940s. A quote of Dow’s seems especially applicable to Spring Turning: “Take any landscape that has some good elements in it, reduce it to a few main lines, and strive to present it in the most beautiful way” (see James M. Dennis, Renegade Regionalists: The modern independence of Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry, Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, 185).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.551704406738281, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood may not have been a farmer, but he was an artist who grasped the agrarian mindset and practices of his fellow Iowans. In this image, the farmers plow their land using a farrow hoe behind the team. In Wood’s incomplete and unpublished autobiography (ghostwritten by Park Rinard) Return from Bohemia: A Painter’s Story. Wood recollected that as a young boy, “I liked to stand on a crest of a hill and watch father or Dave Peters plowing in a field below. They guided the plow parallel to the sides of the rectangular field and progressed concentrically inward, cutting great square patterns with light stubble centers” (Evans 237).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.34038257598877, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "The fame and reputation of artist Grant Wood (1891-1942) is inextricably linked to his 1930 painting, American Gothic, easily among the most widely recognized images in American art and, along with Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, the most parodied. Purchased for $300 by the Art Institute of Chicago directly from its 43rd Annual Exhibition of American Painting and Sculpture, American Gothic made him nationally famous. Along with Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975) and John Steurt Curry (1897-1946), Wood is associated with Regionalism, which received its greatest critical acclaim during the nineteen-thirties, only to be dismissed by critics after World War II as reactionary and isolationist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4574735164642334, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "The interwar period of American art referred to as American Scene Painting had two major developments, Regionalism and Social Realism. Regionalism, with which Grant Wood was associated, can be distinguished from Social Realism by the former’s emphasis on regional landscape, local history, and material culture while the latter emphasized depictions of contemporary societal issues in order to effect social change. Regionalism was more populist, nostalgic, and representational, while Social Realism was more urban, critical, and expressionistic. Participants in both movements were reacting against European influence on American art in the development of Modernism, especially non-objectivism, and felt that artists should be actively engaged in modern life. But insular attitudes in America changed after World War II with the new American pre-eminence in international affairs, and the purely American subjects of Regionalist artists like Grant Wood fell out of favor. Although only 51 when he died, Wood had already experienced negative reactions to his work by the art establishment. Regionalism and Social Realism would give way to Abstract Expressionism, which grew out of European art movements such as Surrealism and German Expressionism. Abstract Expressionism emphasized the primacy of the artist’s individual imagination and/or subconscious as well as the formal qualities of art production—the process and product itself—as appropriate subject matter for art. The general critical disregard for Regionalism prevailed through the 1980s, at which point American art historians began a reassessment of Grant Wood’s work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.370850563049316, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Wood was not quite self-taught, but his artistic training was sporadic. He drew as a child and self-identified himself as an artist in high school but it was not until after he graduated in 1910 that he enrolled in art classes at the Minneapolis School of Design and Handicraft and Normal Art, studying under Ernest Batchelder, a strong proponent of the Arts & Crafts movement. He studied the next summer with Batchelder. After a year as a teacher, Wood lived in Chicago from 1913 to 1916, enrolling in night classes at the Art Institute of Chicago, and attempting to sell jewelry and other metalwork in the Arts & Crafts style. He returned to Cedar Rapids in 1917 and served in the army from 1918-1919, designing camouflage for artillery in Fort Dodge Iowa and Washington D.C. In the early 1920s, Wood traveled to Paris, where he took classes at the Académie Julian. Back in Cedar Rapids, Wood found work as an art teacher and designed a unique studio and living space in an old carriage house. This studio showcased Grant Wood’s wit and ingenuity in its unique furnishings and decorative features such as a front door fashioned from a coffin lid with a clock face to indicate the artist’s whereabouts and expected return. By 1925, Wood had left his teaching job to focus on his art and was doing free-lance work as an artist and home decorator. At this time, Wood began to wear his signature denim overalls, which emphasized his Midwestern and specifically Iowa roots. His third and final visit to Paris was during the summer of 1926, at the end of which he had a one-man exhibition of forty-seven paintings, mostly done in an Impressionist style, at the Galerie Carmine. The exhibition did not receive critical attention or result in sales. Upon his return to Iowa, Wood’s fortunes improved with a major commission in 1927 to create a stained glass window for the Cedar Rapids Veterans Memorial Building. In 1928, he traveled to Munich, where for three months he supervised production of the window, and studied art by Gothic and Northern Renaissance masters at the Alte Pinakothek. He was profoundly affected by their highly detailed realism and use of symbolic objects, and this affected a dramatic change in his work, most notably American Gothic of 1930. Other famous works in his signature style are Woman with Plants (1929), Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (1931), Daughters of Revolution and Arbor Day (1932), and Parson Weems’ Fable (1939). Along with realism and an eye for details, Wood inserted a gentle satire of his subjects, including himself. In addition to his paintings, Wood produced a number of lithographs for Associated American Artists. Most notable are those illustrating his fellow mid-westerner Sinclair Lewis’ novel, Main Street (1937), published for Limited Editions Club.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.383245944976807, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood: An American Master Revealed. Davenport IA: Davenport Museum of Art, 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.59469985961914, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Duggleby, John. Grant Wood: Artist in Overalls. Seattle: Marquand Books, 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.884485244750977, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Dennis, James M. Renegade Regionalists: The Modern Independence of Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.110203742980957, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Evans, Tripp R. Grant Wood: a life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010. ISBN: 9780307266293", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24671745300293, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Corn, Wanda M. Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision. New Haven: Yale University Press for The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1983.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.137203216552734, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Czestochowski, Joseph S. John Steuart Curry and Grant Wood: A Portrait of Rural America. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1981.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.321320533752441, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Czestochowski, Joseph S. Marvin D. Cone and Grant Wood: An American Tradition. Iowa: Cedar Rapids Art Association, 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.310777187347412, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Dennis, James M. Grant Wood: A Study in American Art and Culture. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.385586738586426, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Dennis, James M. Renegade Regionalists: The Modern Independence of Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.110203742980957, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Evans, R. Tripp. Grant Wood: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12513542175293, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Milosch, Jane C., ed. Grant Wood’s Studio: Birthplace of American Gothic. Munich: Prestel for the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.348248481750488, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Roberts, Brady M. and James M. Dennis, James S. Horns, and Helen Mar Parkin. Grant Wood: An American Master Revealed. San Francisco: Pomegranate Artbooks for the Davenport Museum of Art, 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.268157005310059, "source": "search", "title": "Spring Turning | Reynolda House Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "1000+ images about Grant Wood Art on Pinterest | Spring, Grant wood and Farms", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.78787612915039, "source": "search", "title": "1000+ images about Grant Wood Art on Pinterest | Grant ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "History of Art: Grant Wood. \"Sheaves of Corn\", 1931.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991602897644043, "source": "search", "title": "1000+ images about Grant Wood Art on Pinterest | Grant ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "1000+ images about Grant Wood on Pinterest | Paul revere, Grant wood american gothic and Grant wood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.9202880859375, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood on Pinterest | American Gothic, Grant Wood ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood Art | ecard open image full size 322 x 400 px painting 1935 painting", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.118790626525879, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood on Pinterest | American Gothic, Grant Wood ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Review: ''American Gothic'' painter Grant Wood gets to leave the closet - Books", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.016730308532715, "source": "search", "title": "Review: ''American Gothic'' painter Grant Wood gets to ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Who was Grant Wood? Millions of Americans know him as the artist who painted American Gothic — and that's about it. But since his death, from pancreatic cancer, in 1942, he's become the poster boy for the right and the whipping boy of the left. \"Conservative champions,\" R. Tripp Evans explains in his new biography, \"applaud the painter as a folksy chronicler of a bygone America, or a gentle satirist of small-town foibles, whereas his detractors claim (for the very same reasons) that he promoted a cloying, phony, or even sinister form of nationalism. Whether sympathetic or hostile to the artist's work, both camps miss the man who stands before them.\" Evans himself, however, is on target with a book that could as easily have been titled Grant Wood: A Gay Life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.394880294799805, "source": "search", "title": "Review: ''American Gothic'' painter Grant Wood gets to ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Not that Wood stood before anyone very visibly. Born in 1891 on a farm 30 miles from Cedar Rapids, he spent his entire life trying to make painting look like a normal, if not macho, occupation for a red-blooded American man. He abjured a painter's smock in favor of overalls; after years of rumors about his extended bachelorhood, he married, in 1935, Sara Sherman Maxon, an older (by seven years) woman whose object was arguably friendship rather than romance. His sexual orientation seems not to have been news to those who knew him, but it could hardly be front-page fare in a world where Time was hailing Thomas Hart Benton, John Curry, and Grant Wood as exemplars of rugged American individualism and elsewhere homophobic rhetoric ran rampant. Even now, commentary tends to treat his homosexuality as incidental to his work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.666049003601074, "source": "search", "title": "Review: ''American Gothic'' painter Grant Wood gets to ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "You could wish that Evans had devoted more attention to the dream/nightmare aspect of Wood's paintings, or explored the way Wood makes America look like some higher being's Lego set. But this is an observant (right down to the way Evans follows the sansevieria and the begonia of Woman with Plants into the background of American Gothic) and objective (when telling us that Wood felt \"a deep attachment to his mother's aprons,\" he adds, \"the strings of which, it must be said, were never cut\") study. It's too bad Grant Wood didn't get this kind of fair play when he was alive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.112706184387207, "source": "search", "title": "Review: ''American Gothic'' painter Grant Wood gets to ..." }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood Paintings | Oil Paintings Gallery", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.122084617614746, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood Paintings | Oil Paintings Gallery" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Oil Paintings by Grant Wood, America 1891 to 1942", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.18328857421875, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood Paintings | Oil Paintings Gallery" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood, Regionalist, Whitney Museum of American Art", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.450647354125977, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood, Regionalist, Whitney Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood, Regionalist, Whitney Museum of American Art (1983)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.278141021728516, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood, Regionalist, Whitney Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": " Grant Wood's life, work, goals and the art world's essentially negative response to all three during his lifetime and after, pose that most pregnant question which will eventually have to be answered if art is ever to become significant again: \"Casting aside all prejudices, what artistic and human values and attitudes are absolutely necessary to the resuscitation of contemporary art?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168212890625, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood, Regionalist, Whitney Museum of American Art" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "I first became aware of Grant Wood when I was a ten-year-old boy enrolled in art classes at the old Cedar Rapids Public Library (now the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art). Prominently displayed in the room where we learned to draw and paint was Grant Wood’s original painting of his mother, entitled Woman with Plant (1928). I realized that Grant Wood was everywhere in Cedar Rapids: his paintings and lithographs at the Museum of Art; his farm mural at the old Montrose Hotel; his carved wooden Mourner’s Bench in the principal’s office at McKinley Junior High School; his stained glass Memorial Window at the Veteran’s Memorial Building. I often rode my bicycle past the artist’s studio at 5 Turner Alley, where Grant Wood created his most famous painting, American Gothic (1930).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.439704895019531, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "My father was a fan of Grant Wood’s regionalist art. He was a tour guide at the Grant Wood Studio and he displayed reproductions of American Gothic along with Stone City (1930) at his home. Much like a character in the background of Grant Wood’s paintings from the 1930s, my father milked the cows and fed the horses every morning on the farm before walking several miles down a desolate gravel road to a one-room country grade school.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.626617431640625, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "In 2012, I returned to Cedar Rapids to revisit the small towns of Eastern Iowa. I drove along the back roads and farms where my father grew up, and where Grant Wood found inspiration for the people and places captured in his art. All the while, I was collecting musical ideas and mental images to create an emotional framework for my composition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.732540130615234, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "The second movement evokes the bleak winters experienced by my father growing up in rural Iowa during the 1930s and scenes, depicted in Grant Wood’s black and white lithographs of the same time period, such as January and February. A haunting melody, played by alto flute and strings in harmonics, evokes a cold winter wind whistling “down in the valley”. The cellos respond with a melancholy countermelody accompanied by sleigh bells. The title of this movement hearkens back to a poem entitled “Grant Wood” by Jay Sigmund (1885-1937) where he exclaims, “ … time found a new son / Dreaming on the plain.” An Iowa poet and close friend of Grant Wood, Sigmund persuaded the artist to turn his attention from Europe back to Iowa for his subject matter and artistic inspiration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.98457670211792, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "The title of the third movement refers to the pitchfork gripped by the dour farmer who stands alongside his spinster daughter in Grant Wood’s painting, American Gothic. Many have speculated on the hidden meanings of this American masterpiece. Is it a tribute? A comic portrait? An allegory? A social satire? A political critique? A private joke? For me, this iconic painting reveals the ambiguities of American culture and Grant Wood’s dry wit. After all, he was a founding member of the infamous Grant Wood Garlic Club in Cedar Rapids, and a practical joker, like my father. For this movement, I have composed playful, toe-tapping music. A quirky melody in the woodwinds is punctuated by spiky chords in the brass section and bluegrass riffs in the string section. Like the gothic window in the background of Grant Wood’s painting, this movement is a window into my contemporary musical vision of American Gothic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.535634994506836, "source": "search", "title": "American Gothic CD » Arts Iowa" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood (1891-1942) - American Regionalist", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.775885581970215, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood (1891-1942) - American Regionalist" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood�s Regionalist paintings of bountiful farmlands and busy farmworkers starkly contrast the period of the Great Depression and wartimes in which they were created. Free from images of poverty and fear, they capture the unique, inspirational spirit of the Midwest of decades earlier. On the West Coast, Regionalist painters included Ben Messick , Paul Sample , and Dan Lutz .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.194604873657227, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood (1891-1942) - American Regionalist" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "In 1891, Grant Wood was born to Hattie Weaver and Francis Maryville Wood on a farm near Anamosa, Iowa, a rural town with a population of about 2,000. After the unexpected death of her husband in 1901, Hattie Wood relocated with her four children to her parent�s house in Cedar Rapids. Removed from their idyllic family farm, Grant Wood and his siblings quickly accustomed to the new, urban setting that surrounded them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.764928817749023, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood (1891-1942) - American Regionalist" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "1891 Grant Wood born on February 13 on a farm near Anamosa, IA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.010966300964355, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood (1891-1942) - American Regionalist" }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "passage": "Grant Wood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257150650024414, "source": "search", "title": "Grant Wood - masterclassart.com" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia (PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk ) is the national airline of Indonesia. Named after the holy bird Garuda of Hinduism from the national emblem of Indonesia, the airline is headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, near Jakarta. As of 11 December 2014, the airline is rated as a 5-star airline by the international airline review firm Skytrax. The air carrier was previously known as Garuda Indonesian Airways.", "precise_score": 7.5512566566467285, "rough_score": 8.217184066772461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "A second DC-3 entered service in 1949, which flew its first flight on December 28, carrying President Sukarno on a flight from Jakarta to Yogyakarta, the first flight made under the name of \"Garuda Indonesian Airways\". Throughout the revolution, Garuda supported national interests, and often carried diplomats on its flights. The Burmese government helped the airline significantly during its beginnings. The country's national airline, Union of Burma Airways, often chartered one of the airline's DC-3s for its own flights. Accordingly, upon Garuda's formal joint incorporation with KLM on 31 March 1950, the airline presented the Burmese government with a DC-3 as a gift.", "precise_score": 5.9560136795043945, "rough_score": 6.941593170166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "During the early 1970s, Garuda Indonesia took delivery of both the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Fokker F28 Fellowship for its short and medium-haul operations. The airline went on to take delivery of 62 F28s, holding the title for the largest operator of the F28 in the world. In 1973, the airline took delivery of its first Douglas DC-10, giving it the capability to carry more passengers and fly longer flights, and it replaced the DC-8 and Convair 990 fleet on flights within Asia and to Europe. The DC-10 would become an integral part of the Garuda fleet for the years to come, outlasting the newer McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, before the type was finally retired in 2002. Afterwards, in 1980, the airline took delivery of the first Boeing 747-200, complementing the DC-10 on high-capacity or long-range routes.", "precise_score": 3.8293051719665527, "rough_score": 5.964668273925781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "On 21 June 1982, Garuda became the launch customer of the Airbus A300B4-220FFCC, which was the first variant of the A300 capable of being operated with two pilots instead of three. By 1984, nine of these were in service, supplemented by 8 Douglas DC-10s, 24 Douglas DC-9s, 45 Fokker F-28s, and 6 Boeing 747-200s. In 1985 under Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta, who had been CEO since 1984, Garuda made the controversial decision to hire foreign brand consultants Landor Associates to create a new logo, livery and brand for the airline, a project that was regarded as expensive and unnecessary at the time. However, this move was later on applauded as vital for the reputation and corporate identity of Garuda Indonesia as the national airline.", "precise_score": 4.352528095245361, "rough_score": 5.058210849761963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In June 2007, the EU banned Garuda Indonesia, along with all other Indonesian airlines, from flying into any European countries, following the crash of a Boeing 737-400 earlier that year. With the support of the international aviation industry for all Indonesian airlines, the EU promised to review its ban and sent a team of experts, led by the European Commission's Air Safety Administrator Federico Grandini to Indonesia to consider lifting the ban. In August 2007, the transportation minister of Indonesia announced that the EU would lift its ban hopefully sometime in October, stating that the ban was attributed to communication breakdown between the two parties and that discussions were in progress.", "precise_score": 5.029661178588867, "rough_score": 5.176717758178711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "To celebrate its 62 years of service on 26 January 2011, Garuda Indonesia painted 2 of its Boeing 737-800 aircraft with the retro liveries the airline used in the 1960s and 1970s.", "precise_score": 3.700486660003662, "rough_score": 4.997159481048584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* Garuda Indonesia, The Airline of Indonesia", "precise_score": 6.19588041305542, "rough_score": 6.581190586090088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia operates flights to 133 destinations in 14 countries, with approximately 500 daily departures from its hubs at Jakarta, Denpasar, Medan and Makassar. The airline serves 3 continents Asia, Australia and Europe with its fleet of 140 aircraft, to destinations such as Singapore, Tokyo and Amsterdam, and although it has rapidly expanded its route network since the Quantum Leap began in 2009, the airline still does not fly to several major cities, such as Manila and Mumbai, and despite the airline repeatedly stating its intention to fly to both cities, a time frame has not been given. ", "precise_score": 6.859745025634766, "rough_score": 7.294619083404541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Codesharing has allowed Garuda Indonesia to expand services into Western Europe and the Middle East. In 2009, Garuda Indonesia expressed an interest in joining the SkyTeam airline alliance, which would make it the second airline in Southeast Asia to join after Vietnam Airlines. Membership would open SkyTeam's network to Indonesian, Australian, and New Zealand markets, which it lacked connectivity to. In December 2009, three SkyTeam members – Korean Air, KLM, and Delta Air Lines (China Airlines joined as fourth member to support Garuda after its 2011 SkyTeam inclusion) – committed to supporting Garuda Indonesia to join SkyTeam. This made Garuda Indonesia eligible to apply for membership in the alliance. On 23 November 2010, Garuda Indonesia signed an agreement to join SkyTeam. The airline became the 20th member of the alliance on 5 March 2014. ", "precise_score": 5.179887294769287, "rough_score": 5.106220722198486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 19 June 2007, Garuda Indonesia and Hainan Airlines began codesharing in a bid to strengthen both airlines' marketing positions in Indonesia and People's Republic of China. In this agreement, Garuda Indonesia will be the operating partner on the Jakarta-Beijing (vv) service, flying five times a week using a new A330-200.", "precise_score": 5.681554317474365, "rough_score": 5.488097667694092, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* An interline agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Australian airline Virgin Blue was confirmed in November 2007. This facilitates travel for passengers connecting from a Virgin Australia domestic flight to a Garuda Indonesia international service departing from either Sydney, Melbourne or Perth. ", "precise_score": 5.014158248901367, "rough_score": 6.183416843414307, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "On 5 March 2014, Garuda Indonesia officially joined the SkyTeam alliance and became its 20th member. The inclusion of Garuda Indonesia adds 40 new destinations to SkyTeam’s global network and strengthens the alliance presence in Southeast Asia and Australia. To commemorate the event, the airline repainted an Airbus A330-300 (PK-GPF) a Boeing 737-800 (PK-GMH), and a Boeing 777-300ER (PK-GII) with the \"SkyTeam\" Grey livery. With the arrival of Garuda Indonesia to SkyTeam, a variety of facilities are given as including SkyPriority, as well as changing its current frequent flyer membership into GarudaMiles. In addition, Garuda was connected with 140 new destinations and also teamed up with the world's major airlines, such as KLM, Air France, Delta Air Lines, Aeroflot, China Airlines, Aeroméxico and Saudia, as well as XiamenAir. ", "precise_score": 5.2316813468933105, "rough_score": 6.340445518493652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia is a full-service airline featuring economy, business (branded as 'executive') and first classes. The airline began to introduce new premium products and services with the arrival of the Airbus A330-200 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft. First class cabins were introduced in 2013 on board the Boeing 777-300ER with Wi-Fi and telecommunication services on board. ", "precise_score": 5.766781806945801, "rough_score": 6.5835676193237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In 2010, the Center for Asia-Pacific Aviation (CAPA) named Garuda Indonesia as Asia's leading service quality airline.", "precise_score": 5.6305766105651855, "rough_score": 6.222036361694336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Skytrax awarded the airline the World's Most Improved in 2012. This is the beginning of a string of accolades recognizing the success of the airline Quantum Leap program. Roy Morgan survey named Garuda Indonesia the Best International Airline surpassing several distinguished airlines, such as: Singapore Airlines, Emirates and Air New Zealand with 91% of respondents gave a 'very satisfied' rating. The airline achieved Platinum level recognition from the League of American Communications Professionals (LACP) on its annual report. In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia was recognized as the World’s Best Regional Airline by the global airline review and ranking consultancy, Skytrax. ", "precise_score": 4.270678520202637, "rough_score": 5.433579444885254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In 2013, Skytrax awarded Garuda Indonesia the world's best economy class for its service and product at the Paris Airshow 2013. For the first time, Garuda Indonesia ranked 8th in the Skytrax \"The World’s Top 10 Airlines\". During the \"Passenger Choice Award 2013\" held in September 2013 in Anaheim, California, organized by \"Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX)\", Garuda Indonesia was distinguished as the \"Best in Region: Asia and Australasia\". ", "precise_score": 4.885262489318848, "rough_score": 5.256340503692627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In September 2014, APEX (Airline Passenger Experience Association) awarded Garuda Indonesia as \"Best Airline in Asia & Australasia\" at the 2014 Passenger Choice Award; along with Cathay Pacific, EVA Air, Korean Air, and Singapore Airlines. In the same month, Garuda Indonesia also got Gold Award from the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), for their immigration on board (IOB) service and their service quality and it is called as \"Garuda Indonesia Experience\". ", "precise_score": 5.91532039642334, "rough_score": 6.698256492614746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In December 2014, Garuda Indonesia was awarded as a \"5-Star Airline\" by Skytrax; along with Singapore Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Hainan Airlines, Asiana Airlines, and All Nippon Airways. ", "precise_score": 5.9529643058776855, "rough_score": 6.8533172607421875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "For international routes, Garuda Indonesia has identified four airlines that became the benchmark to improve their service and to compete to be the world's best airline. The serious rivals for Garuda Indonesia's international routes are Singapore Airlines, Qatar Airways, Emirates and Cathay Pacific. ", "precise_score": 5.498761177062988, "rough_score": 5.222515106201172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 26 September 1997, Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, an Airbus A300B4-220 flying from Jakarta to Medan, crashed in Sibolangit, 18 mi short of Medan airport in low visibility, killing all 234 people on board. It is the deadliest aviation incident in Indonesia. ", "precise_score": 3.840772867202759, "rough_score": 5.117043972015381, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia", "precise_score": 5.954258441925049, "rough_score": 6.718075275421143, "source": "search", "title": "The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "When you think of the world’s top airlines, there’s a good chance you don’t think of Garuda Indonesia. It doesn’t have the same brand recognition as some of its Asian competitors – Singapore Airlines or Thai Airways, for instance. For many years it had a bad reputation for safety and was, in fact, banned from European air space between 2007 and 2009.", "precise_score": 5.737725734710693, "rough_score": 4.998590469360352, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia were once known as something of an unreliable or even unsafe airline, and were also banned from entering EU airspace on the basis on their poor aviation safety. However, recent improvements have left many people, myself included, very impressed with Garuda. Now a firm member of SkyTeam, they are one of the only airlines I have flown with who offer pre-takeoff drinks in economy class, and it is these added touches that make Garuda what it is today, and also gives an edge when compared to other airlines in the South East Asia region.", "precise_score": 5.069761276245117, "rough_score": 5.271529674530029, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda vs Thai vs Singapore Airlines vs Malaysia Airlines ..." }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia (GA) is Indonesia's flag carrier and a member of the SkyTeam alliance. The airline operates non-stop flights to about 40 domestic destinations and 20 international destinations in 13 countries across Asia, Oceania, the Middle East and Europe. Its fleet include some configured with just Economy Class seating. Other aircraft feature two-cabin configurations (Executive Class, which is Garuda's Business Class product, and Economy Class) and three-cabin configurations (First Class, Executive Class and Economy Class). The airline has hubs at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (CGK) near Jakarta and Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS) in Southern Bali.", "precise_score": 6.8776702880859375, "rough_score": 6.916548252105713, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Most international travelers arrive via the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport about 15mi (25km) west of the city. The majority of international flights to Indonesia come through this airport. Some of the larger airlines represented are China Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Japan Airlines, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Emirates, Etihad, Korean Air, Lufthansa, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, Mihin Lanka, and Qantas. Garuda Indonesia, the national flag carrier also connects Jakarta to international destinations in Australia, Far East, Asia, and the Middle East. To get to Indonesia from Western Europe or North America, it will probably be necessary to transfer at one of the larger gateway cities in Asia or the Middle East such as Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Dubai, Doha, or Abu Dhabi. The rise of budget airlines has seen a sharp fall in the cost of services to Jakarta from places like Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Bangkok so more and more budget travellers are arriving into the city by air rather than the traditional overland routes.", "precise_score": 3.6750574111938477, "rough_score": 5.482646942138672, "source": "search", "title": "Jakarta: Arriving & Departing - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "During the era of decolonization, newly born Asian countries started to embrace air transport. Among the first Asian carriers during the era were Cathay Pacific of Hong Kong (founded in September 1946), Orient Airways (later Pakistan International Airlines; founded in October 1946), Air Ceylon (later SriLankan Airlines; founded in 1947), Malayan Airways Limited in 1947 (later Singapore and Malaysia Airlines), El Al in Israel in 1948, Garuda Indonesia in 1948, Japan Airlines in 1951, Thai Airways International in 1960, and Korean National Airlines in 1947.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.324448585510254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The airline also operated a budget subsidiary Citilink, which provided low-cost flights to multiple Indonesian destinations and was spun-off in 2012. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.62851333618164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The earliest predecessor to Garuda Indonesia was KNILM, Royal Dutch Indies Airways, founded in 1928 during the Dutch colonial period; despite the similar name, it was not a subsidiary of the main Dutch carrier KLM. KNILM was dissolved in 1947, and its assets were transferred to a new KLM subsidiary, KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf (KLM Interinsular Service), which was nationalized in December 1949.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.871659278869629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The name \"Garuda\" was derived from a Dutch poem written by a renowned Javanese scholar and poet Raden Mas Noto Soeroto; \"Ik ben Garuda, Vishnoe's vogel, die zijn vleugels uitslaat hoog boven uw eilanden\", which means \"I'm Garuda, Vishnu's Bird, that spreads its wings high above the Islands\". In Hindu mythology, Garuda is the name of Lord Vishnu's mount (vahana). The line was mentioned by Sukarno during the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference at The Hague, from 23 August to 2 November 1949.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.093536138534546, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In its current institutional form, Garuda Indonesia had its beginnings in the Indonesian war of independence against the Dutch in the late 1940s, when Garuda flew special transports with a Douglas DC-3. The first aircraft was a DC-3 known as Seulawah (Acehnese: \"Gold Mountain\", or from Arabic Shalawah, means praise/worship) and was purchased for a sum of 120,000 Malayan dollars, which was provided by the people of Aceh (notably local merchants). The first commercial flight from Calcutta to Rangoon was made on January 26, 1949, using a DC-3 Dakota aircraft with the tail number of “RI 001” and the name “Indonesian Airways”.The 26 January 1949 is generally recognized as the airline's founding date.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.470650672912598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "By the early and mid 1950s, the airline operated a fleet of 38 aircraft, which included 22 DC-3s, 8 Catalina seaplanes, and 8 Convair 240s, and in 1956, the airline operated its first flight to Mecca with Convair aircraft, carrying 40 Indonesian pilgrims.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.527441024780273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In 1965, the airline took delivery of its first Douglas DC-8, and grew beyond the Asian market it was focused on, beginning scheduled flights to Amsterdam and Frankfurt via Colombo, Bombay, and Prague. Rome and Paris became the airline's third and fourth European destinations, with flights stopping in Bombay and Cairo to refuel. Flights to the People's Republic of China began that same year, with service to Canton via Phnom Penh, the first Indonesian airline to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.753474712371826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Under Lumenta, Garuda also increased the number of flight frequencies and destinations, reduced ticket prices and collaborated with Merpati Nusantara Airlines, introducing flexible tickets valid for both Indonesian airlines. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.938058376312256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The late 1990s and early 2000s would prove to be a turbulent and difficult time for the airline; two separate accidents in 1996 and 1997 added to the problems being caused by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, resulting in a drastic reduction in operations, including the termination of service to the Americas and a massive scaling back of its European operations. Largely due to historical links with the Netherlands, Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam, Frankfurt and London after the initial cutbacks, although these flights were also discontinued on 28 October 2004. The situation was exacerbated by the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., the Bali bombings, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and the SARS scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and Indonesian tourism. As a result, its earlier order for the Boeing 777 was deferred, and so was an order for 18 Boeing 737-800s to replace its ageing 737 Classic fleet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.627591371536255, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "On 7 September 2004, the situation was worsened when human rights activist Munir Said Thalib, travelling to Amsterdam via Singapore on Garuda Indonesia Flight 974, was assassinated by off-duty pilot Pollycarpus Priyanto, who slipped arsenic into his drink some time before the departure of the flight's second leg to Amsterdam. He was reported to have felt unwell several hours after departure from Singapore, during which time he was checked on by a doctor who happened to be on board, and moved to the business class cabin to sleep. He died approximately two hours before arrival into Amsterdam, sparking an international controversy, during which time Priyanto, along with CEO Indra Setiawan and deputy Rohainil Aini, were all convicted of his murder, although it has been alleged it was under orders from the Indonesian State Intelligence Agency (BIN). The airline was found negligent in failing to perform an emergency landing and was ordered to pay compensation to Munir's widow, but failed to do so. However, by 2005, the airline had largely recovered from its economic problems, swapping its order for six Boeing 777-200ERs for 10 Boeing 787-8 Dreamliners in 2005, but its operational problems would remain. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5140166282653809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In July 2007, the Deputy of Marketing, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia announced that Garuda Indonesia had plans to start service to India, although the date had not been determined. Garuda served flights to India which are all cancelled as of May 2016.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.231379747390747, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Following the lift of the EU ban against Garuda Indonesia and three other Indonesian carriers, the airline announced in July 2009 an aggressive five-year expansion plan known as the Quantum Leap. The plan involved an image overhaul, including changing the airline's livery, staff uniform and logo, and nearly doubling the size of its fleet from 62 to 116. The Quantum Leap also plans to boost passenger annual numbers to 27.6 million in the same period, up from 10.1 million at the time of program launch through increasing domestic and international destinations from 41 to 62. Route expansions included Amsterdam, with a stopover in Dubai, in 2010. As of 2014, Garuda flies to Amsterdam non-stop five times a week using a Boeing 777-300ER with continuing service to London, with the sixth weekly service to be added by the end of 2015. Other European and American cities such as Frankfurt, Paris, Rome, Madrid and Los Angeles are being considered for reopening. [http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/07/23/16300392/Progam.Quantum.Leap..Garuda.Kejar.Laba.Rp.3.7.Triliun Progam [sic] \"Quantum Leap\", Garuda Kejar Laba Rp 3,7 Triliun – KOMPAS.com]. Bisniskeuangan.kompas.com. Retrieved 25 November 2010. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.335650444030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "As part of the Quantum Leap, the airline refreshed its logo and redesigned its iconic livery in 2009, more than 20 years after the last update. New uniforms were introduced in 2010. In 2010, the airline placed a firm order for six additional Airbus A330s at the 2010 Farnborough Airshow, while it opened a new hub at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, South Sulawesi to increase services to the eastern part of Indonesia on 1 June 2011, its third after Jakarta and Denpasar ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.297131061553955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "At the Paris Air Show 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced a firm order of 25 Airbus A320s with an option for another 25. All 25 Airbus A320s are to be used by their subsidiary, Citilink The airline's earlier order for the Boeing 787, made in 2005, was changed once more, due to the delays in the 787's entry into service, and Garuda opted to sign for 10 Boeing 777-300ERs instead, which it would take delivery of in 2013 to use on long-haul flights to Europe, and medium-haul flights within Asia, such as to Japan, China and Korea, as well as short-haul domestic routes between Jakarta and Denpasar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.272723197937012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The airline made its debut on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in February 2011, with the government of Indonesia retaining a majority of the shares. PT Trans Airways bought 10.9 percent stake of Garuda Indonesia unsold IPO shares from underwriters on 27 April 2012. The transaction was valued at Rp 1.53 trillion ($166.8 million). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.239355564117432, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Since its establishment, Garuda Indonesia has changed its branding and livery a few times. During the early years, Garuda color scheme was simple logotype \"Indonesia Airways\" with blue lines and Indonesian flag. In the 1960s, Garuda introduced a red and white color scheme in accordance to the Indonesian national identity and the Indonesian flag. Also in this period \"Garuda Indonesian Airways\" introduced a bird logo: a triangle stylized eagle-like Garuda with red and white shield. The logo was painted on the vertical stabilizer of Garuda's fleet from 1961 to 1969. In the 1970s, a logotype with a unique font replaced the triangular eagle as Garuda's corporate identity, along with a new color scheme consisting of a red and orange \"hockey stick\" line running along the aircraft's windows and vertical stabilizer. This livery used from 1969 to 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.6718430519104004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In 1985, Garuda underwent a complete branding makeover, changing its name into \"Garuda Indonesia\" along with its color scheme, logo and logotype. The new branding and livery was created by Landor Associates who also created the new iconic bird logo: the Garuda symbol with five bent lines forming its wings. The color scheme was changed completely to a deep royal blue and aqua color, said to be inspired by the nature of Indonesia that was dominated by tropical greenery and seas when viewed from the air. The nationalistic red and white color scheme was no longer used.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9592972993850708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In 2009, a new branding initiative was launched through a new image, developed once again by brand consultant Landor Associates, a new spin of the idea called \"nature's wing\". Garuda has since replaced the old logo painted on its fleet vertical stabilizer with this new \"nature's wing\" graphic of blue and aqua shades. The \"nature's wing\" graphic was inspired by the wings of tropical birds as well as the ripples of waves upon the water. The iconic bird symbol designed by Landor 24 years earlier is still maintained as Garuda Indonesia's logo, with minor changes, while the logotype now uses the Myriad Pro font. The new look is expected to be able to \"Capture the Spirit of Friendliness and Professionalism of Indonesia\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.552679061889648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* Garuda Indonesia, Kini Lebih Baik (Now Better)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5938456058502197, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* Garuda Indonesia, Permata Nusantara (Jewel of The Archipelago)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0657039880752563, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* Garuda Indonesia, Nusantara Bangsa (The Nation Archipelago)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.79722261428833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* Garuda Indonesia, Bangga Bersamanya (Proud of You Together) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7290334701538086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* Garuda Indonesia, Look Forward", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0682990550994873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia has its head office at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, near Cengkareng and near Jakarta. The head office is the Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center. The about 17000 sqm head office facility is on a 5 ha plot of land. As of 2009, the head office houses the Garuda management and about 1,000 employees from various units. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono opened the current Garuda head office in 2009. The previous head office was located in the city center of Jakarta, in Central Jakarta. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4519052505493164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia had announced that its subsidiary, GMF AeroAsia would be listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008. However, due to financial crisis in 2008, GMF delayed IPO until 2009. The Ministry of State-Owned Companies (Kementrian BUMN) also had announced a plan to privatize Garuda, that opened a possibility to offer its shares publicly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.192809581756592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia aimed to list on 11 February 2011, for an Initial Public Offering. Government of Indonesia has confirmed the IPO price of Garuda Indonesia at Rp.750 per share and also cut offering size to 6.3 billion shares only from 9.362 billion planned before. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8512150049209595, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia’s subsidiaries include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0546901226043701, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "On 31 March 2016, Garuda Indonesia took the first flight from Singapore Changi Airport to London Heathrow, using Boeing 777-300ER.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.082681179046631, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia offers flights to 28 other international destinations through codeshare agreements with a large number of airlines not in the SkyTeam alliance. The following list is as of November 2015:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.606966495513916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* In June 2008, it was announced that Garuda Indonesia would increase services between Australia and Bali. From 25 June, Garuda Indonesia added an extra flight between Darwin and Denpasar, bringing the total number of services to three per week. Additionally, a fourth flight from Melbourne to Denpasar began on 22 July. On 2 September, another extra service departed from Melbourne to bring the total number of flights per week to five, and a sixth flight left from Sydney. This extra capacity was in response to an increase in the number of Australians who traveled to Bali in the first quarter of 2008, marking a resurgence in Balinese tourism, which was hit hard by the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9669061303138733, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* A partnership agreement with Etihad Airways was announced on 16 October 2012. The partnership includes a codeshare agreement for a total of 36 flights between the two airlines; subject to Government Regulatory Approval. Reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes were also part of the agreement, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Etihad Airways. Garuda Indonesia subsequently shifted its Dubai operations to Abu Dhabi as to compliment the agreement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2176858186721802, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* During the APEC summit on 7 October 2013, a codeshare agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Aeroméxico was announced, allowing passengers to travel from Jakarta to Mexico City via Tokyo and vice versa. Under the codeshare agreement, Aeromexico would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia's Jakarta-Tokyo flights while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Aeromexico's Tokyo-Mexico City flights. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.1769154816865921, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 19 November 2013, a codeshare agreement was announced between Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways of India. Under the codeshare agreement, Jet Airways would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia flights between Jakarta and Singapore while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Jet Airways flights between Singapore and Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. The two airlines also announced a reciprocal Frequent Flyer programme partnership, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.978621482849121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 19 December 2013, Garuda Indonesia and Japan's All Nippon Airways announced a partnership agreement encompassing codeshare flights as well as reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes. Under the codeshare agreement, ANA passengers arriving in Jakarta would be able to transfer to 10 destinations in Indonesia on board Garuda Indonesia flights, while Garuda Indonesia passengers arriving in Tokyo or Osaka would be able to transfer to 11 destination in Japan on board ANA flights. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7717173099517822, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "As Indonesia's flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia tries to connect many parts of Indonesia to support the government's \"Indonesian Interconnectivity\" program. However, there are many remote and smaller airports that cannot be reached by Garuda Indonesia's fleet of Boeing 737-800s. This is caused by the lack of airport infrastructure in smaller cities and remote areas, such as insufficient runway length that mostly less than 1,600 meters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5586698651313782, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In line with its Quantum Leap plan, Garuda Indonesia ordered brand-new Bombardier CRJ1000 and ATR 72 to reach smaller airports from Garuda's hub like Ngurah Rai International Airport, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, and Kualanamu International Airport. On 25 November 2013, Garuda Indonesia has launched its new sub-brands \"Explore\" and \"Explore-jet\", for servicing perintis (\"pioneer\") lines traditionally served by other airlines — (dormant) Merpati Nusantara Airlines and also its competitor Wings Air.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.413782596588135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "All of Garuda Indonesia's aircraft are maintained by GMF AeroAsia. The Boeing customer code for Garuda Indonesia is U3, which appears in their aircraft designation as a suffix, such as 737-8U3, 747-4U3 and 777-3U3ER.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7917838096618652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The airline utilizes the Boeing 777-300ER on flights from Jakarta to Jeddah, Europe, Denpasar and Shanghai, and from Denpasar to Tokyo; the Airbus A330-200 on flights from Jakarta to Osaka, Seoul, Australia, Hong Kong and other Indonesian destinations; the larger Airbus A330-300 for medium-haul flights from Denpasar/Bali as well as from Jakarta to Tokyo and Beijing; the Boeing 737-800 on most domestic and regional routes and long-haul flights from Jakarta to Perth, Guangzhou and Hong Kong and Denpasar to Guangzhou; and the Bombardier CRJ1000 NextGen on regional flights to airports incapable of handling the newer 737-800, replacing the older Boeing 737 Classic aircraft. The ATR 72-600 turboprop entered service at the end of 2013, serving new inter-island routes to airports in the eastern part of Indonesia that cannot handle jet aircraft, routes that are traditionally served by other airlines. The airline also owns two Boeing 747-400 aircraft that are used for charter, Umrah and Hajj flights and when additional capacity is needed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.993366241455078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "As of July 2016, the Garuda Indonesia fleet consists the following aircraft, with an average age of 5.4 years: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3002158403396606, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "A range of hot and cold beverages are available, along with snacks and/or meals, depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beers are also offered on international flights. In July 2011, Garuda Indonesia launched the Indonesian Rijsttafel service in Executive Class as part of its signature in-flight services. This signature dining service introduces the passengers to a wide array of Indonesian cuisine in a single setting, as part of the Garuda Indonesia experience. This in-flight Indonesian Rijsttafel includes varieties of Indonesian signature dishes; choices of nasi kuning or regular steamed rice, accompanied with choices of dishes such as satay, rendang, gado-gado grilled chicken rica, red snapper in yellow acar sauce, fried shrimp in sambal, potato perkedel and tempeh, along with krupuk or rempeyek crackers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7018799185752869, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) is available on board most Garuda Indonesia aircraft: all A330, all 777 and all but 6 737-800s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.36668330430984497, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Immigration on Board (IoB) is a special service created by Garuda Indonesia to provide more convenience for their passengers traveling to Indonesia. With this service, in cooperation with the Directorate General of Immigration, an agency under Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Garuda Indonesia passengers on certain long haul flights can complete their immigration process on-board before landing and disembarking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0658392906188965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "By utilizing this service, Garuda Indonesia passengers will no longer have to queue at the immigration counter upon arrival at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar or Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, affording passengers the benefit of saving their time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1741219758987427, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In April 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced plans to develop online sales. Garuda Indonesia had cooperated with Visa and MasterCard to develop an online credit card payment system, allowing customers to use PayPal. Debit card payments may be processed with Bank Mandiri, BCA or BII. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5922555923461914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Frequent Flyer, Garuda Indonesia's frequent-flyer program was launched in September 1999. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8797318339347839, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In 2005, Garuda Indonesia relaunched its Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, benefits and services. The new program allows members to earn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering GFF Junior, Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum status levels. Since June 2011 Garuda Indonesia launched a joint frequent flyer program with Korean Air. Members of the Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) program and Korean Air’s SkyPass program will benefit from the cooperation by accruing mileage for flying both Korean Air and Garuda or any Garuda–Korean Air code share flights. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0469210147857666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "From 27 March 2014, due to joining SkyTeam, Garuda Indonesia announced that Garuda Frequent Flyer renamed as GarudaMiles. Currently, GFF Gold and Platinum members whose membership expires in February, are being sent their new card under GarudaMiles, with other GFF members following soon. Before joining SkyTeam, GFF members could earn/redeem their miles with (besides Garuda & Citilink) Korean Air, Etihad Airways, Air France-KLM (Flying Blue), and Jet Airways. They do also operated another Frequent Flyer which is Flying Blue since 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.239808082580566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The Garuda Executive Lounge is open to passengers travelling in Executive Class, as well as those holding a Gold or Platinum Garuda Frequent Flyer card. Starting in 2011, passengers with an Executive Card Plus card or Garuda Indonesia Citibank credit card can no longer gain access to the lounge. Lounges are located at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and throughout Indonesia, offering food and drinks, wireless internet, showers, meeting rooms and business services. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.015095699578523636, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia was the official sponsor of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games and 2018 Asian Games. Garuda Indonesia also support the \"Wonderful Indonesia\" tourism campaign by placing the \"Wonderful Indonesia\" logo in their promotion materials as well as on the hull of their fleet. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9971230030059814, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia signed a 3-year sponsorship deal with Premier League club Liverpool FC. The agreement gives Garuda Indonesia the right to be the Official Partner of Liverpool Football Club and the Official Global Airline Partner of Liverpool Football Club. In addition, a six-minute advertisement video of Garuda Indonesia will be broadcast during matches held at the Liverpool FC home ground, Anfield, for the 2012-2014 season. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.536955833435059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda, along with the Indonesian Tourism Board Wonderful Indonesia, would be a sponsor of The Amazing Race Asia 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.136110544204712, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In July 2014, Skytrax awarded Garuda Indonesia \"The World’s Best Cabin Staff\" recognition. The award was based on a global customer satisfaction survey conducted on 18 million passengers between the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The recently launched First Class, on Boeing 777-300ER, was ranked the 9th world's best first class, the 6th world's best first class seat, and the 3rd world's best first class amenity kits by Skytrax in 2014. Overall, Garuda Indonesia was ranked 7th on the 2014 Skytrax \"Best Airlines Awards\", an improvement from the 8th position in 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5707041025161743, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In June 2015, Garuda Indonesia was awarded with \"The World's Best Cabin Crew\" by Skytrax for the second time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.957603931427002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "In July 2016, Garuda Indonesia was awarded with \"The World's Best Cabin Crew\" by Skytrax for the third consecutive year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.302051067352295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "For most of modern Indonesian history, Garuda Indonesia has dominated the Indonesian air travel market share. However, started in 2000, Lion Air started to grow and become a serious rival in domestic air travel in Indonesia. By mid 2015, Lion Air rules Indonesia's domestic air travel market share by 41.6 percent, while Garuda Indonesia came in second with 23.5 percent share. Sriwijaya Air came in third with a market share of 10.4 percent, followed by Garuda's low-cost subsidiary Citilink (8.9 percent) and Lion Air's regional flight service Wings Air (4.7 percent). Indonesia AirAsia, a unit of the Malaysian budget airline, had a 4.4 percent market share.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.091801166534424, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Overall, Indonesian domestic air travel business is overwhelmingly ruled by two groups; Lion Air group and Garuda Indonesia group. By mid 2015, Lion Air group accounted for 43.17 percent of market share, while Garuda Indonesia group had a 37.08 percent market share. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9228233098983765, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 16 February 1967, Garuda Indonesia Flight 708 crashed on landing at Manado, capital of the North Sulawesi province, killing 22 out of 84 passengers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8817534446716309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 24 September 1975, Garuda Indonesia Flight 150 crashed on approach to Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport. The accident, which was attributed to poor weather and fog, killed 25 out of 61 passengers and one person on the ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1127593517303467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 11 July 1979, a Fokker F-28 on a domestic flight hit a volcano on approach to Medan Airport, Indonesia. All 61 people on board were killed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057777404785156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 28 March 1981, Garuda Indonesia Flight 206, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, PK-GNJ \"Woyla\", was hijacked on a domestic flight from Palembang to Medan by five heavily armed hijackers. The hijackers diverted the flight to Penang, and then to Bangkok. The hijackers demanded the release of 84 political prisoners in Indonesia. On the third day of the hijacking (31 March 1981) the airplane parked in Bangkok Don Muang International Airport was stormed by Indonesian commandos One of the commandos was shot, probably by his comrades, as was the pilot, also probably by Indonesian commandos. The rest of the hostages were released unharmed. Two of the hijackers surrendered to the Thai commandos, but they were killed by the Indonesian commandos on the plane taking them back to Jakarta. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0774331092834473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 4 April 1987, Garuda Indonesia Flight 035 hit a pylon and crashed on approach to Polonia International Airport in bad weather. 24 people were killed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5367828011512756, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 13 June 1996, Garuda Indonesia Flight 865 overran the runway at Fukuoka Airport, Japan after aborting takeoff well above rotation speed. The number-3 engine fuel line was severed, resulting in a massive fire and the total destruction of the rear end of the aircraft. Three of the 275 people on board were killed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9387755393981934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 16 January 2002, Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 en route from Lombok to Yogyakarta was forced to make an emergency landing in poor weather on the Solo River, due to an engine flameout caused by water and hail ingestion. One person, a stewardess, was killed in the accident. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2999082803726196, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 7 September 2004, human rights activist Munir Said Thalib was murdered on Garuda Indonesia Flight 974. Garuda's CEO at the time, Indra Setiawan, his deputy Rohainil Aini, and pilot Pollycarpus Priyanto were all convicted of his murder. Garuda was found negligent in refusing to perform an emergency landing and was ordered to pay compensation to Munir's widow, but failed to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4313079118728638, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "* On 7 March 2007, Garuda Indonesia Flight 200, a Boeing 737-400 flying from Jakarta to Yogyakarta, crashed and burst into flames on landing at Adisucipto International Airport, Yogyakarta. 21 people were killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.792029857635498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Passengers who want to cancel must report to the Airport Check-in Counter or Garuda Indonesia Call Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.112798690795898, "source": "search", "title": "The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "For further information please contact the Garuda Indonesia Call Center at 0804-1-807-807 (within Indonesia region only) or +62-21-2351 9999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.075491428375244, "source": "search", "title": "The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda is one of the three principal animal deities in the Hindu Mythology that has evolved after the Vedic Period in Indian history. The other two are Ganesha , the elephant-headed son of the goddess Durgha , and Hanuman , the monkey god. It is after Garuda that the Indonesian National Airlines is named. Even today, Garuda is much revered by devout Hindus for his ethics and his strength in applying his ethics to correct evil-doers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.7168989181518555, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda - Encyclopedia Mythica" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.01874919794499874, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.01874919794499874, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Flying Garuda Indonesia London Gatwick to Jakarta", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7470998764038086, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "But since then, Garuda Indonesia has been making a concerted effort to rebuild its image and recent awards speak for themselves. At the latest Skytrax World Airline awards (the industry’s top global benchmark), Garuda Indonesia was rated as the 7th best airline in the world, the 2nd best economy class, in the top 10 for business and first class, and the 2nd best staff for an Asian airline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.9748215675354, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Let’s look at the scheduling first. The original plan by Garuda Indonesia was to have a direct route from London to Jakarta but the new arrangements with the SkyTeam alliance means the flight now stops in Amsterdam. Although it is the same seat on the same plane – a Boeing 777-300ER – passengers need to get off at Amsterdam airport and reboard for takeoff about two hours later. This is still the fastest way to get from London to Jakarta but is clearly an annoyance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.025298524647951126, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Once onboard, though, the real benefits of a Garuda Indonesia flight become evident. Across all the cabins, the service of the flight attendants is exemplary. There’s a casual professionalism that I always enjoy – friendly but still respectful – that makes you feel welcome.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8804953694343567, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "One of the highlights of the flight was the catering (not something you hear often about airline food!). For each meal that’s served, there are three options – usually Indonesian, Western and Japanese. There are then further choices within some of those cuisines. For dinner, for instance, I chose the Indonesian meal and found it to be absolutely delicious – a fruit salad with peanut sauce to start, followed by a chilli fish soup, roast chicken with rice and vegetables for the main course and steamed banana with coconut ice cream for dessert.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.271631240844727, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Overall, Garuda Indonesia has clearly positioned itself in the past few years as one of the best Asian airlines for service and comfort and the results are clear to passengers. Its expansion into the European market is making it an excellent alternative to some of the more established players in this part of the world. My understanding is that it plans to make the London – Jakarta flight direct (and bypass Amsterdam) in the future once it grows its passenger numbers from the UK. Once it does that, it will have a near-perfect option for business passengers to Indonesia and holidaymakers to nearby destinations like Bali.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.257836818695068, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Time Travel Turtle was a guest of Garuda Indonesia but the opinions, over-written descriptions and bad jokes are his own.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.706701278686523, "source": "search", "title": "Flight review: Garuda Indonesia London to Jakarta" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia Flight GA873 Hong Kong to Jakarta, by Flight Report Productions:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.15053071081638336, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda vs Thai vs Singapore Airlines vs Malaysia Airlines ..." }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "For a great first class trip report on Garuda Indonesia’s A330 between Jakarta and Melbourne (I have also travelled this route, but only in economy class), check out this very detailed page over at airliners.net from Dirk Traveller .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.045594692230225, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda vs Thai vs Singapore Airlines vs Malaysia Airlines ..." }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "It is clear to me that Thai Airways need to improve drastically to cling on to the likes of Singapore Airlines and Malaysia Airlines. Garuda Indonesia, who last year were named the Most Improved Airline in the World, are now clearly ahead of Thai, as far as I am concerned. I base this on the service levels received in the cabin, the attitude of the ground staff and check-in staff at the airports, and the hard product in the aircraft itself, such as seats and PTV. Thai lag so far behind the other airlines in those departments, that you wonder how long it would take them to catch up. They are quite frankly a mess, at present. I think the future for Thai in the mid-term is to consolidate its east Asia trade, where it has traditionally been a very strong player to the likes of Japan and Taiwan. Conversely, Thai is being destroyed by Emirates and the other members of the ME4 for flights from Bangkok to Europe, so there is no room for expansion there, yet there is room for improvement in India, especially the central areas such as Hyderabad and Bangalore. European routes need to be trimmed; get rid of flights to Milan, Arnhem, Madrid, and Munich, and consolidate flights to high-yielding destinations such as London, Paris, and Frankfurt, with daily flights with the A380, rather than double daily flights. This would allow for Thai to sell some of their aircraft, as latest figures show they are running an average of 60% load factor across their entire network – and in 2014 traffic plunged a whopping 43%. A great detailed analysis of Thai Airways’ recent strife and future goals can be found at this page from the ever-reliable Centre for Aviation .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.433344602584839, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda vs Thai vs Singapore Airlines vs Malaysia Airlines ..." }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Being a key SkyTeam member, it is clear that Garuda is now a big player in the ASEAN region , and now they have ditched their plans for ultra-long-haul non-stop service to London Gatwick from Jakarta, they can focus more on the Indonesia-Japan market, which has a lot of room for expansion now there is so much disposable income among the Indonesian middle-class. Garuda is also a big player now in the Indonesia-Australia traffic marlet, with daily non-stop flights to Melbourne and Sydney departing not only from Jakarta, but also from Bali. Their strategic alliance with Etihad gives them a great codeshare route to Abu Dhabi and beyond to a whole wide-range of European destinations on the Etihad network that Garuda cannot and will not ever serve themselves. Domestically, too, Garuda seem to be winning the battle against the LCCs, such as Indonesia Air Asia and Lion Air, which is more than can be said for their Malaysian counterparts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.24130429327487946, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda vs Thai vs Singapore Airlines vs Malaysia Airlines ..." }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Although in regard to their onboard product, Malaysia Airlines do not have a problem whatsoever, and with arguably the friendliest crew in the sky to compliment this, I cannot see that changing in the foreseeable future. However, what MH need to do is focus on their core network, and continue to lose some of the glory routes in order to cut back on costs due to falling profits . They have already began this by axing Los Angeles from their route map, and while it is a shame that Malaysia Airlines no longer serve the US, it nonetheless now has the opportunity to relocate those planes elsewhere – perhaps get stronger foothold in Australia and within South East Asia – and try to capitalise on existing markets. A strategic alliance with Etihad Airways  has also been mooted to try to improve the ailing MAS profits, which would replicate the strategy that Garuda already has in place ( although I argue profusely that a link up with One World partner Qatar Airways would be a better option ). Also, when compared to the way Garuda Indonesia handles its domestic operations, Malaysia Airlines are way behind, as Air Asia operating out of KLIA 2 are currently dominating the domestic and short haul market with their extremely low fares. MAS need to better utilise their regional brand Firefly to actively take on the Air Asia success. The brand image of MH may have taken a battering with the unfortunate tragedies of MH370 and MH17 but surely all travellers will earmark the airline as one of the best in the world in terms of what you get on board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.201016426086426, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda vs Thai vs Singapore Airlines vs Malaysia Airlines ..." }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.469993233680725, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia international outlook Part 2: expanded partnerships critical for long haul success", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.706563949584961, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia is seeking to expand its partnership with Delta Air Lines ahead of launching flights to the US. Garuda needs a stronger relationship with Delta and will need to reconsider plans for its own US flights if the right partnerships are not in place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6328326463699341, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia international outlook Part 1: further expansion despite weak 1H2016 results", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.547907829284668, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia is planning further international expansion in 4Q2016 and 2017, despite a recent lacklustre performance in the international market. Garuda is adding capacity to China in 4Q2016 and aiming to launch services to the US in 2017.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5963189601898193, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Singapore Airlines (SIA) will launch services from Jakarta to Sydney in Nov-2016, resulting in new competition for rivals Garuda Indonesia and Australia’s Qantas Airways. SIA’s entrance on the Jakarta-Sydney route is a strategic move and highlights its desire to pursue new areas of growth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.795984983444214, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "The Indonesia-Australia market is a logical market for SIA as it seeks to diversify its business. Indonesia and Australia are already SIA’s two largest international markets and Garuda and Qantas are already among its biggest competitors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.072299957275391, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Southeast Asian airlines currently account for less than a 20% share of the total Southeast Asia-US market. Philippine Airlines and Singapore Airlines are the only significant players in this market and are aiming to increase their share as they add new nonstop routes. Garuda Indonesia, Thai Airways and Vietnam Airlines are also keen to become significant players as they launch flights to the US, replacing their now limited offline products.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1013736724853516, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "On 5-Sep-2016 Vietnam Airlines became the latest Southeast Asian airline to commit to new generation ultra-long-range aircraft capable of new nonstop routes – joining Philippine Airlines and Singapore Airlines. Garuda Indonesia and Thai Airways are likely to follow, resulting in four Southeast Asian airlines operating nonstop flights to the US by early next decade, compared with only one currently.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.797678232192993, "source": "search", "title": "Profile on Garuda Indonesia | CAPA - Centre for Aviation" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights - TripAdvisor", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.04581742361187935, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9779329895973206, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Headquarters: Soekamo-Hatta International Airport Cengkareng, Jakarta 19120 Indonesia +62-0-804-1-807-807 Website", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155428886413574, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "About Garuda Indonesia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6567040681838989, "source": "search", "title": "Garuda Indonesia Reviews and Flights - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "There are currently 3 Terminals in operation. Terminal 1 has 3 concourses in 1-storey building with configuration of Departure Hall - Arrival Hall for concourses A, B, and C. It serves only domestic flights (Lion Air, Batavia Air, Sriwijaya Air to name a few). Terminal 2 consists of 2 stories -- upper level for departures and lower level for arrivals. It also has 3 concourses; D (all international flights), E (Garuda Indonesia international flights plus KLM and Lionair), and F (Garuda Indonesia and Merpati  domestic flights). Terminal 3 serves  Air Asia, Batik Air and Mandala Air for both international and domestic flights, and Lion Air flights to Denpasar, Bali (DPS)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.504922866821289, "source": "search", "title": "Jakarta: Arriving & Departing - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "Nationals holding passport from the following 168 countries and territories are eligible to enter and remain in Indonesia without a visa for 30 days. The visa free facility does not allow the change into other permits or visa extension. Passport holders from all visa exempt countries can enter Indonesia through one of the 124 designated border crossings. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months, even those with visa free access, onward tickets from Indonesia, itinerary, hotel booking and proof of sufciient funds may be asked by the immigration to to verify your purpose of visit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.890172004699707, "source": "search", "title": "Jakarta: Arriving & Departing - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "passage": "  Train services in Indonesia is divided into three classes: economy, business and executive trains. Economy and business trains are non airconditioned ones and slower than executive trains. Executive trains are the most comfortable, with AC and reclining seats. All executive class leave from Gambir station which is located on Lapangan Merdeka in Central Jakarta. There are day and overnight services to Surabaya, Solo, Malang and Yogakarta as well as frequent services to Bandung, Cirebon, Semarang and many other places. For details on services see  http://kereta-api.co.id/index.php.  Moving on by train is a much better alternative than the bus because the city's bus stations are located far from the centre of the city and you will need to battle Jakarta's terrible traffic to reach them. The terminal that you need to head to depends on your destination.  For points west of Jakarta like Cilegon and Merak The Kailderes terminal in West Jakarta has very frequent departures. Pulo Gadung terminal in East Jakarta handles services to Sumarta and also to Central and East Java as well as Bali. Kampung Rambutan, also in East Jakarta, handles services to cities in West Java, like Bogor, Tasikmalaya and Bandung. Rawamangun bus terminal in East Jakarta handles executive bus services to Sumatra, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java and Bali. It is advisable to book the ticket first to avoid ticket touts and  scams. The better option of using mid and long-range bus is to depart from their ticket office, hence avoiding the hazard in the bus terminals. However the train is a 100% better option for these destinations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.020575523376465, "source": "search", "title": "Jakarta: Arriving & Departing - TripAdvisor" } ]

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[ { "answer": "82,751 square miles", "passage": "Latitude: 44° 15.4'N Borders In the north, Idaho shares an international border with Canada. In the south, Idaho borders Nevada and Utah . Idaho is bordered by Montana and Wyoming on the east and by Washington and Oregon on the west. Total Area Idaho covers 83,574 square miles, making it the 14th largest of the 50 states . Land Area 82,751 square miles of Idaho are land areas. Water Area 823 square miles of Idaho are covered by water. Highest Point The highest point in Idaho is Borah Peak at 12,662 feet above sea level. Lowest Point The lowest point in Idaho is only 710 feet above sea level; the Snake River in the northwestern part of the state near Lewiston. Mean Elevation The Mean Elevation of the state of Idaho is 5,000 feet above sea level. Major Rivers Coeur d'Alene River, Snake River , St. Joe River, St. Maries River, Kootenai River Major Lakes Lake Pend Oreille, American Falls Reservoir, Bear Lake, Coeur d'Alene Lake", "precise_score": 4.384311676025391, "rough_score": 3.7225027084350586, "source": "search", "title": "Idaho Geography from NETSTATE" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Earl Hines", "The Earl Hines Orchestra", "Fatha Hines", "Fatha Earl Hines", "Earl Fatha Hines", "Earl %22Fatha%22 Hines", "Earl Kenneth Hines", "Earl (Kenneth) Hines" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "fatha earl hines", "earl hines orchestra", "fatha hines", "earl hines", "earl fatha hines", "earl 22fatha 22 hines", "earl kenneth hines" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "earl hines", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Earl Hines" }

[ { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1924, Sarah Vaughan was immediately surrounded by music: her carpenter father was an amateur guitarist and her laundress mother was a church vocalist. Young Sarah studied piano from the age of seven, and before entering her teens had become an organist and choir soloist at the Mount Zion Baptist Church. When she was eighteen, friends dared her to enter the famed Wednesday Night Amateur Contest at Harlem's Apollo Theater. She gave a sizzling rendition of \"Body and Soul,\" and won first prize. In the audience that night was the singer Billy Eckstine. Six months later, she had joined Eckstine in Earl Hines's big band along with jazz legends Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker.", "precise_score": 6.172820091247559, "rough_score": 5.732827663421631, "source": "search", "title": "About Sarah Vaughan - Newark Symphony Hall" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan spent the remainder of 1943 and part of 1944 touring the country with the Earl Hines big band that also featured baritone Billy Eckstine. Vaughan was hired as a pianist, reputedly so Hines could hire her under the jurisdiction of the musicians' union (American Federation of Musicians) rather than the singers union (American Guild of Variety Artists), but after Cliff Smalls joined the band as a trombonist and pianist, Sarah's duties became limited exclusively to singing.", "precise_score": 6.337214946746826, "rough_score": 5.478078842163086, "source": "search", "title": "About Sarah Vaughan - Newark Symphony Hall" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1924, Vaughan was immediately surrounded by music: her carpenter father was an amateur guitarist and her laundress mother was a church vocalist. Young Sarah studied piano from the age of seven, and before entering her teens had become an organist and choir soloist at the Mount Zion Baptist Church. When she was eighteen, friends dared her to enter the famed Wednesday Night Amateur Contest at Harlem’s Apollo Theater. She gave a sizzling rendition of \"Body and Soul,\" and won first prize. In the audience that night was the singer Billy Eckstine. Six months later, she had joined Eckstine in Earl Hines’s big band along with jazz legends Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker.", "precise_score": 6.41978645324707, "rough_score": 5.2692999839782715, "source": "search", "title": "American Masters . Sarah Vaughan | PBS" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "1943–44: Earl Hines and Billy Eckstine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282865524291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sarah Vaughan" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan spent the remainder of 1943 and part of 1944 touring the country with the Earl Hines big band that featured baritone Billy Eckstine. Vaughan was hired as a pianist, reputedly so Hines could hire her under the jurisdiction of the musicians' union (American Federation of Musicians) rather than the singers union (American Guild of Variety Artists), but after Cliff Smalls joined the band as a trombonist and pianist, Sarah's duties became limited exclusively to singing. The Earl Hines band in this period is remembered as an incubator of bebop, as it included trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, saxophonist Charlie Parker (playing tenor rather than his more usual alto saxophone) and trombonist Bennie Green. Gillespie arranged for the band, although the contemporary recording ban by the musicians' union means there is no aural evidence in the form of commercial records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9530038833618164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sarah Vaughan" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan sang in church as a child and had extensive piano lessons from 1931-39; she developed into a capable keyboardist. After she won an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater, she was hired for the Earl Hines big band as a singer and second vocalist. Unfortunately, the musicians' recording strike kept her off record during this period (1943-44). When lifelong friend Billy Eckstine broke away to form his own orchestra, Vaughan joined him, making her recording debut. She loved being with Eckstine 's orchestra, where she became influenced by a couple of his sidemen, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie , both of whom had also been with Hines during her stint. Vaughan was one of the first singers to fully incorporate bop phrasing in her singing, and to have the vocal chops to pull it off on the level of a Parker and Gillespie .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8910577297210693, "source": "search", "title": "Sarah Vaughan | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan sang in church as a child and had extensive piano lessons from 1931-39; she developed into a capable keyboardist. After she won an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater, she was hired for the Earl Hines big band as a singer and second vocalist. Unfortunately, the musicians' recording strike kept her off record during this period (1943-44). When lifelong friend Billy Eckstine broke away to form his own orchestra, Vaughan joined him, making her recording debut. She loved being with Eckstine's orchestra, where she became influenced by a couple of his sidemen, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, both of whom had also been with Hines during her stint. Vaughan was one of the first singers to fully incorporate bop phrasing in her singing, and to have the vocal chops to pull it off on the level of a Parker and Gillespie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8910577297210693, "source": "search", "title": "Sarah Vaughan - About | Facebook" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Sometime during her week of performances at the Apollo, Vaughan was introduced to bandleader and pianist Earl Hines, although the exact details of that introduction are disputed. Singer Billy Eckstine, who was with Hines at the time, has been credited by Vaughan and others with hearing her at the Apollo and recommending her to Hines. Hines also claimed to have discovered her himself and offered her a job on the spot. Regardless, after a brief tryout at the Apollo, Hines officially replaced his existing female singer with Vaughan on April 4, 1943.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6360321044921875, "source": "search", "title": "About Sarah Vaughan - Newark Symphony Hall" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "With Earl Hines and Billy Eckstine: 1943 – 1944", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091999053955078, "source": "search", "title": "About Sarah Vaughan - Newark Symphony Hall" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "This Earl Hines band is best remembered today as an incubator of bebop, as it included trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, saxophonist Charlie Parker (playing tenor saxophone rather than the alto saxophone that he would become famous with later) and trombonist Benny Green. Gillespie also arranged for the band, although a recording ban by the musicians union prevented the band from recording and preserving its sound and style for posterity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.400058269500732, "source": "search", "title": "About Sarah Vaughan - Newark Symphony Hall" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan sang in church as a child and had extensive piano lessons from 1931-39; she developed into a capable keyboardist. After she won an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater, she was hired for the Earl Hines big band as a singer and second vocalist. Unfortunately, the musicians' recording strike kept her off record during this period (1943-44). When lifelong friend Billy Eckstine broke away to form his own orchestra, Vaughan joined him, making her recording debut. She loved being with Eckstine's orchestra, where she became influenced by a couple of his sidemen, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, both of whom had also been with Hines during her stint. Vaughan was one of the first singers to fully incorporate bop phrasing in her singing, and to have the vocal chops to pull it off on the level of a Parker and Gillespie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8910577297210693, "source": "search", "title": "Sarah Vaughan | New Music And Songs" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "During her childhood, Vaughan was strongly attracted to the popular music of the day, much to the consternation of her deeply religious father. She was certainly influenced by the gospel traditions that she grew up with in a Baptist church, but the more radically melismatic elements of those influences are less obvious than they would be in later generations of singers in the R&B and hip-hop genres. That Vaughan was also influenced by (and an influence on) her friend and mentor, Billy Eckstine, is obvious in the numerous duet recordings they made together. However, since no recordings exist of Vaughan prior to her joining Eckstine in the Earl Hines band (nor with the Hines band) it is difficult to know with any certainty what stylistic nuances she absorbed during the critical first years of her performing career. Perhaps because of the individuality of her style, Vaughan has rarely been overtly imitated by subsequent generations of singers, unlike such contemporaries of hers as Ella Fitzgerald, Judy Garland, Frank Sinatra or, later, Aretha Franklin. Many modern artists, however, have claimed Sarah Vaughan as a major influence, chief among them Teena Marie, Anita Baker, Chaka Khan, Chrisette Michele, Amy Winehouse & Alison Goldfrapp. Even in death she retains a loyal following and attracts new fans through her recorded legacy, most of which remains in commercial release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6571739315986633, "source": "search", "title": "Sarah Vaughan - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan sang in church as a child and had extensive piano lessons from 1931-39; she developed into a capable keyboardist. After she won an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater, she was hired for the Earl Hines big band as a singer and second vocalist. Unfortunately, the musicians' recording strike kept her off record during this period (1943-44). When lifelong friend Billy Eckstine broke away to form his own orchestra, Vaughan joined him, making her recording debut. She loved being with Eckstine's orchestra, where she became influenced by a couple of his sidemen, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, both of whom had also been with Hines during her stint. Vaughan was one of the first singers to fully incorporate bop phrasing in her singing, and to have the vocal chops to pull it off on the level of a Parker and Gillespie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8910577297210693, "source": "search", "title": "Sarah Vaughan | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Earl Hines", "passage": "Vaughan sang in church as a child and had extensive piano lessons from 1931-39; she developed into a capable keyboardist. After she won an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater, she was hired for the Earl Hines big band as a singer and second vocalist. Unfortunately, the musicians' recording strike kept her off record during this period (1943-44). When lifelong friend Billy Eckstine broke away to form his own orchestra, Vaughan joined him, making her recording debut. She loved being with Eckstine 's orchestra, where she became influenced by a couple of his sidemen, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie , both of whom had also been with Hines during her stint. Vaughan was one of the first singers to fully incorporate bop phrasing in her singing, and to have the vocal chops to pull it off on the level of a Parker and Gillespie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8910577297210693, "source": "search", "title": "Sarah Vaughan — Listen for free on Spotify" } ]

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{ "aliases": [ "Jean Gardner Batten", "Jean Batten", "Jean Gardner Batten CBE" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "jean gardner batten", "jean batten", "jean gardner batten cbe" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "jean batten", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Jean Batten" }

[ { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "One Gull Six (G-ADEU) was evaluated by the RAE, that resulted in an RAF order for the Percival Proctor, a variant of the Percival Vega Gull. About six Gull Sixes were impressed into the RAF and Fleet Air Arm during the Second World War, in the UK, Egypt and India; one of them was Jean Batten's (G-ADPR), as AX866. Blackburn Aircraft continued to use its Gull Four Mk III (G-ADOE), later re-engined with a Gipsy Major engine in private ownership. Similarly, Vickers Armstrongs retained its Gull Six (G-ADFA) throughout the war. ", "precise_score": 2.610562324523926, "rough_score": 3.8756580352783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Percival Gull" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten takes delivery of her new aircraft, a Percival Vega Gull at Gravesend Airport, September 1, 1935", "precise_score": 4.719836711883545, "rough_score": 0.2618868052959442, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten was a pioneer aviator in the 1920s and 1930s when pilots proved to the world the potential of air travel as a means of transport. Jean Batten was born in Rotorua in 1909. Her interest in becoming a pilot was sparked when, in 1929, she met the Australian pilot, Charles Kingsford-Smith who took her for a flight in his famous plane, The Southern Cross. He had become a hero when he made the first trans-Pacific flight (1928) from America to Australia.", "precise_score": -0.4635603129863739, "rough_score": -2.008289098739624, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "The Percival Vega Gull G-ADPR in which she made the journey now hangs in the Jean Batten International Terminal. This little monoplane enabled her to establish herself as one of the great women aviators of all time. Her flights were characterised by brilliant navigation precision, achieved without radio, using only a map, watch and simple magnetic compass.", "precise_score": 6.597554683685303, "rough_score": 5.972519397735596, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten's Aircraft : DH-60 Gipsy Moth and Percival Vega Gull 6", "precise_score": 3.564021110534668, "rough_score": -0.5271416306495667, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "After its return to England, the Airport Company negotiated to purchase the Percival Vega Gull G-ADPR. The last time it flew was over Auckland in 1996 to mark the sixtieth anniversary of Jean Batten's record breaking flight between England and Auckland.", "precise_score": 3.688364267349243, "rough_score": -1.6289334297180176, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten's lovely little Percival Mew Gull was recently acquired by the Auckland International Airport company. Last Sunday (Nov. 4, 1996; Ed.) , it was scheduled to fly over the Auckland region to mark the sixtieth anniversary of Jean Batten's epic solo flight from England to New Zealand.", "precise_score": 2.4263875484466553, "rough_score": -2.9965031147003174, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Edgar Wickner (‘EW’) Percival had a knack for crafting sleek and modern monoplanes that outperformed anything in their class during the inter-war years. His planes shot record-breaking fliers like Charles Kingsford Smith and New Zealand’s Jean Batten to fame, yet the man behind the Percival Aircraft Company remains largely unknown… an enigma even.", "precise_score": 4.195725917816162, "rough_score": 0.7116653323173523, "source": "search", "title": "Flying under the radar of aviation history – The Chronikler" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "New Zealander Jean Batten made at least two memorable flights in her Gull Six (G-ADPR). On 11 November 1935, she departed Lympne and flew two legs to Thiès, Senegal. After a 12 hr, 30 min crossing of the Atlantic on 13 November, she arrived at Port Natal, Brazil, and later awarded the Britannia Trophy. On 5 October 1936, Batten flew from Lympne to Darwin in the record time 5 days, 21 hr, 3 min, then flying on across the Tasman Sea to Auckland to set another total record time of 11 days, 45 min. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3094353675842285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Percival Gull" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "* Gull Six G-ADPR (Jean Batten's) is on display in Auckland Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.386153221130371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Percival Gull" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "In December 1935 Scott bought most of Sir Alan Cobhams company National Aviation Displays Ltd and formed C.W.A. Scott's Flying Display Ltd. An article in The Argus (Melbourne) 19 December 1935, read \" A Company entitled \"C.W.A. Scott's Flying Display Ltd\" has acquired from Sir Alan Cobham the aircraft and other assets of National Aviation Displays Ltd. Mr Scott is chairman and the directors include Mr Campbell Black and Miss Jean Batten. The company aims at making flying popular and in affording novices opportunities of learning to fly under dual control.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.41231918334961, "source": "wiki", "title": "C. W. A. Scott" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731245040893555, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "The New Zealand Edge : Heroes : Speedsters : Jean Batten", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508522987365723, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "New Zealand Speedsters - Jean Batten - Hine-o-te-Rangi (Daughter of the Skies) - She was the manifestation of triumph and hope through the dark days of the depression. In 1934 she smashed the world record between England and Australia by six days. In 1936 she made the first ever direct flight between England and New Zealand. Jean Batten stood for adventure, daring and exploration. ...more", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943486213684082, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Gardner Batten", "passage": "One of the great international aviators of the 1930s, Jean Gardner Batten was born on 15 September 1909 in Rotorua, the only daughter of a dentist, Frederick Harold Batten, and his wife, Ellen (Nellie) Blackmore. She was christened Jane after her grandmother, but soon became known as Jean. ...more", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.658308029174805, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Famous New Zealanders - Jean Batten's Principal Achievements", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264969825744629, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "At right, Jean Batten at Croydon, England on April 29, 1935 after her solo flight from Australia to England", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.013235092163086, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Gardner Batten", "passage": "Jean Gardner Batten (1909 - 1982)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141972541809082, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Women in Aviation and Space History: Jean Batten", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.987217903137207, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten grew up in New Zealand and developed a love for aviation than overcame her desire to be a concert pianist. Her interest in flying stemmed from the 1919 England to Australia flight by Ross and Keith Smith, and later solo flights, including Charles Kingsford Smith who gave Batten her first airplane ride.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.474668502807617, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "New Zealand Aviation Pioneer Jean Batten (1909 -1982)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.856359481811523, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "She flew the Vega Gull from England to Brazil in 1935 in 61 hours 15 minutes; from England to Australia in five days 21 hours (en route to New Zealand in 1936); and in the spectacular solo record time of five days 18 hours 15 minutes from Australia back to England in 1937. During the Second World War, Jean Batten was involved in campaigns in England to raise money for guns and aeroplanes. Her Percival Vega Gull was commissioned to active service but Jean never flew again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3169333934783936, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "In her will, Jean Batten requested that her body be taken to London for cremation and her ashes carried to Auckland to be interred at Auckland International Airport. Due to the nature of her burial in Palma this was not possible, but her memory remains alive in the Jean Batten International Terminal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321990966796875, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten, Heroine of the Skies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370226860046387, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten was born in Rotorua, New Zealand, in 1909, the daughter of an impoverished dentist and a dominating mother. She met renowned pilot Kingsford-Smith on a visit to Australia in 1929 and took a ride in his plane. It was then that Jean decided to become a pilot. She travelled to London, joined an aero club, and in 1930 at the age of 21 she made her first solo flight for her private pilot licence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.71259593963623, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "But in the late thirties, with the war looming, solo aviation records lost their appeal. Jean Batten hung up her flying helmet and went into fiercely guarded seclusion. She resurfaced briefly in the sixties, when she offered herself for media interviews. But by then, most people didn't know her name. The Garbo of the skies had achieved obscurity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.165322303771973, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten's Percival Vega Gull G-ADPR", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6442618370056152, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten's three seater version, of which there were only 19, was built in 1935 and cost her 1750 pounds sterling, \"every penny I owned\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326723098754883, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Jean Batten's Percival Vega Gull G-ADPR, on display at Auckland International Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.118285179138184, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "It was also the aircraft of choice for Miss Jean Batten (card 43). While it seems everyone wanted to get from Australia to England she was keen as mustard to do it the other way around. It was third time lucky for her, the previous attempts ending in India and Italy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929194450378418, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Mackersey, Ian, Jean Batten : The Garbo of the Skies, Warner Books,1999, 466pp, ISBN: 0 7515 3019 0 Jean Batten was one of the great aviation megastars of the 193Os.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.682113647460938, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Drawing on secret memoirs found after Jean Batten's death and on hundreds of interviews with people who knew her, this biography of Jean's sad and elusive life explodes the enduring myths of happiness and perfection that she created for herself. It also finally solves the mystery of her bizarre and lonely end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.397455215454102, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "The real Jean Batten emerges as a fascinating woman, who combined bravery and ruthlessness with the stunning and seductive beauty she used so effectively to fulfil her great ambitions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338542938232422, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Batten, Jean, Alone In The Sky. illus. with 12 full page plates t/out. pub. N.Z. Technical books 1979 1st.ed. or.cl. d/w. 8vo. pp.190. signed by Jean Batten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278361320495605, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "My Century : BBC World Service : Jean Batten", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433808326721191, "source": "search", "title": "Jean Batten (1909 -1982), New Zealand Pioneer Aviatrix" }, { "answer": "Jean Batten", "passage": "Alex Henshaw, for example, not only whipped down to South Africa and back in his Mew Gull, but also won the 1938 King’s Cup Air Race at an average speed of 236 miles per hour. Kingsford Smith and aviatrix Jean Batten, meanwhile, both piloted Gulls in their famous long-distance exploits.  Battens ‘Vega Gull’ – one of around 90 produced in total – is on display at Auckland International Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.906462669372559, "source": "search", "title": "Flying under the radar of aviation history – The Chronikler" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Baroness Margaret Thatcher", "Lady Thatcher", "Margret thatcher", "The Baroness Thatcher", "Margret Thatcher", "The Lady Thatcher", "Margaret Tatcher", "Margaret Thatcher", "Mrs T", "Mrs Thatcher", "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher", "Mrs. T", "Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven", "Margaret Thatcer", "Margaret Thatcher's", "Mrs Finchley", "Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher", "Thatcherian", "Margaret Thacher", "Margaret Thatcher bibliography", "Margaret Thatcher Day", "M thatcher", "Lady T", "Maggie Thatcher", "Margaret Hilda Thatcher", "Milk snatcher", "Baroness The Margaret Thatcher", "Margaret Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher", "Margaret Hilda Roberts Thatcher", "Margeret Thatcher", "Margareth Thatcher", "Mrs Denis Thatcher", "Margaret Hilda Roberts", "Mrs. Thatcher", "Milk Snatcher", "Margaret Thatcher Library", "Margaret thatcher", "Baroness Thatcher", "Margeret thatcher" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "margaret hilda thatcher", "margaret hilda thatcher baroness thatcher", "baroness thatcher", "margaret thatcher", "margaret thatcher s", "margaret tatcher", "prime minister margaret thatcher", "margaret thatcher day", "maggie thatcher", "mrs thatcher", "m thatcher", "thatcherian", "lady thatcher", "mrs finchley", "baroness margaret thatcher", "margaret thatcher library", "margareth thatcher", "margret thatcher", "mrs t", "baroness thatcher of kesteven", "milk snatcher", "margaret hilda roberts", "margaret thatcer", "margaret thacher", "margeret thatcher", "margaret thatcher baroness thatcher", "margaret hilda roberts thatcher", "mrs denis thatcher", "margaret thatcher bibliography", "lady t" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "margaret thatcher", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Margaret Thatcher" }

[ { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher was Great Britain’s first female prime minister, serving three consecutive terms in office 1979–1990. Her economic and social policies evolved into a political philosophy known as Thatcherism, similar to Reaganomics in the United States, and part of a world-wide neoliberal movement in the 1980s. She was dubbed the Iron Lady by a Soviet newspaper following a speech she gave in 1976—a nickname that she proudly claimed.", "precise_score": -4.648339748382568, "rough_score": -8.267377853393555, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "When the Heath Government lost a second General Election in October 1974, Thatcher decided to run against Heath for the leadership of the Conservative Party and won in February 1975, becoming the first woman to lead a Western political party and to be Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. The economic difficulties experienced by the United Kingdom under the Labour government—requiring credit from the International Monetary Fund in 1976 and causing extensive trade union strikes over pay demands in the winter of 1978–1979—swung public opinion back to the favor of the Conservatives. In the General Election of May 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -4.956258773803711, "rough_score": -9.130758285522461, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "She continued to be an active political figure, setting up the Margaret Thatcher Foundation to continue promoting her ideas, going on lecture tours, writing two memoirs and a book on international politics (Statecraft), and intervening in both domestic and international affairs. On June 30, 1992, she was elevated to the House of Lords to become Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven. In March 2002, she retired from public speaking after several small strokes. Just over a year later, in June 2003, her husband of more than 50 years died, a devastating loss. Although she has retired from public speaking, the economic crisis in 2008 revived the debate over Thatcher’s policies from the 1980s and their lasting impact on the British economy.", "precise_score": 7.6095075607299805, "rough_score": 6.139952659606934, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The London Evening News heralded Margaret Thatcher’s entry into Parliament with the headline “Mark’s Mummy is an MP Now.” Women were a rarity at this level of politics—just 25 of 630 MPs—and Thatcher was given various shadow cabinet positions in “women’s” areas such as pensions. In the 1970 Conservative government under Edward Heath, she became secretary of state for education and science (1970-74). Sadly, neither her father nor her mother had lived to see this success.", "precise_score": -5.2112579345703125, "rough_score": -8.846288681030273, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Elevated to the House of Lords, she styled herself Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven in honor of her roots. She set up the Margaret Thatcher Foundation to continue to promote her ideas and undertook lecture tours; she was particularly gratified by her welcome in the United States, “the seat of radical modern conservative thinking and almost my second home.” After a series of small strokes, doctors advised her in 2002 against public speaking. In 2003 Denis, her constant companion, died; they had been married 52 years. More than any political knocks, it was a devastating loss.", "precise_score": 3.7042348384857178, "rough_score": 4.220611572265625, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher entered the House of Lords in 1992 as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven… She has often been compared with her conservative American counterpart, Ronald Reagan … She married Denis Thatcher in 1951. Their twin children, Carol and Mark, were born in 1953. Denis Thatcher was an oil company executive; he died in 2003… Mark Thatcher was arrested at his South African home in 2004 on a charge of financing an attempted coup in oil-rich Equatorial Guinea; he pled guilty to a charge of negligence, saying he thought the money would be used for an air ambulance service… Carol Thatcher announced in 2008 that Margaret Thatcher had been suffering from mental decline since 2000, when she first had a series of small strokes… Margaret Thatcher was played by actress Meryl Streep in the 2011 film The Iron Lady; the role won Streep an Academy Award as best actress.", "precise_score": 1.6217221021652222, "rough_score": -1.3987770080566406, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher biography | birthday, trivia | British ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher's political career has been one of the most remarkable of modern times. Born in October 1925 at Grantham, a small market town in eastern England, she rose to become the first (and for two decades the only) woman to lead a major Western democracy. She won three successive General Elections and served as British Prime Minister for more than eleven years (1979-90), a record unmatched in the twentieth century.", "precise_score": -3.4838602542877197, "rough_score": -7.415424823760986, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "In the process, Margaret Thatcher became one of the founders, with Ronald Reagan, of a school of conservative conviction politics, which has had a powerful and enduring impact on politics in Britain and the United States and earned her a higher international profile than any British politician since Winston Churchill.", "precise_score": -2.8869779109954834, "rough_score": -5.828747272491455, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "By successfully shifting British economic and foreign policy to the right, her governments helped to encourage wider international trends which broadened and deepened during the 1980s and 1990s, as the end of the Cold War, the spread of democracy, and the growth of free markets strengthened political and economic freedom in every continent. Margaret Thatcher became one of the world's most influential and respected political leaders, as well as one of the most controversial, dynamic, and plain-spoken, a reference point for friends and enemies alike.", "precise_score": -5.963903903961182, "rough_score": -6.737855911254883, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "It was in Dartford too that she met her husband, Denis Thatcher, a local businessman who ran his family's firm before becoming an executive in the oil industry. They married in 1951. Twins — Mark and Carol —were born to the couple in 1953. In the 1950s Margaret Thatcher trained as a lawyer, specialising in taxation. She was elected to Parliament in 1959 as Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley, a north London constituency, which she continued to represent until she was made a member of the House of Lords (as Baroness Thatcher) in 1992. Within two years, she was given junior office in the administration of Harold Macmillan and during 1964-70 (when the Conservatives were again in Opposition), established her place among the senior figures of the party, serving continuously as a shadow minister. When the Conservatives returned to office in 1970, under the premiership of Edward Heath, she achieved cabinet rank as Education Secretary.", "precise_score": -2.3383946418762207, "rough_score": -6.766366004943848, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven", "passage": "Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven", "precise_score": 4.708446979522705, "rough_score": 4.458476543426514, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The electorate was impressed. Few British or European leaders would have fought for the islands. By doing so, Margaret Thatcher laid the foundation for a much more vigorous and independent British foreign policy during the rest of the 1980s.When the General Election came in June 1983, the government was re-elected with its Parliamentary majority more than trebled (144 seats).", "precise_score": -9.721028327941895, "rough_score": -9.16645622253418, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "After 1990 Lady Thatcher (as she became) remained a potent political figure. She wrote two best-selling volumes of memoirs - The Downing Street Years (1993) and The Path to Power (1995) - while continuing for a full decade to tour the world as a lecturer. A book of reflections on international politics - Statecraft - was published in 2002. During the period she made some important interventions in domestic British politics, notably over Bosnia and the Maastricht Treaty.", "precise_score": 0.6928616762161255, "rough_score": -5.992632865905762, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "After a series of small strokes in March 2002 she was advised to withdraw from public speaking, and in 2013 she died of another stroke in London at the age of 87. Denis Thatcher, her husband of more than fifty years, died in June 2003, receiving warm tributes from all sides. Margaret Thatcher remains an intensely controversial figure in Britain. Critics claim that her economic policies were divisive socially, that she was harsh or 'uncaring' in her politics, and hostile to the institutions of the British welfare state. Defenders point to a transformation in Britain's economic performance over the course of the Thatcher Governments and those of her successors as Prime Minister. Trade union reforms, privatisation, deregulation, a strong anti-inflationary stance, and control of tax and spending have created better economic prospects for Britain than seemed possible when she became Prime Minister in 1979.", "precise_score": -5.456560134887695, "rough_score": -6.8794403076171875, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Critics and supporters alike recognise the Thatcher premiership as a period of fundamental importance in British history. Margaret Thatcher accumulated huge prestige over the course of the 1980s and often compelled the respect even of her bitterest critics. Indeed, her effect on the terms of political debate has been profound. Whether they were converted to 'Thatcherism', or merely forced by the electorate to pay it lip service, the Labour Party leadership was transformed by her period of office and the 'New Labour' politics of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown would not have existed without her. Her legacy remains the core of modern British politics: the world economic crisis since 2008 has revived many of the arguments of the 1980s, keeping her name at the centre of political debate in Britain.", "precise_score": -5.098546981811523, "rough_score": -7.489473342895508, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher’s political career was launched in 1959 when she was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Finchley, a constituency she held until 1992. It wasn’t long before she obtained her first front bench post as junior minister for pensions in Harold Macmillan’s government. The Conservatives lost in 1964 but Margaret Thatcher was re-elected and held a number of posts in the Shadow Cabinet.", "precise_score": -5.9978108406066895, "rough_score": -9.020174980163574, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher — Somerville College Oxford" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven", "passage": "In 1992, Thatcher took her seat in the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.", "precise_score": 5.346325397491455, "rough_score": 3.8819217681884766, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher — Somerville College Oxford" }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher excelled at school and won a scholarship to Oxford University. She majored in chemistry and was the first female president of the Oxford University Conservative Association. After graduating, in 1947, Lady Thatcher spent four years working as a research chemist (she later became a lawyer). Lady Thatcher ran for Parliament in 1950 and ’51 in a solidly Labor district. She lost both times, but drew the attention of Conservative Party leaders. She interrupted her political career to marry Denis Thatcher, a wealthy businessman 10 years her senior, in December 1951. His genial, unemphatic personality would prove an ideal complement to her driven, sometimes-intemperate manner. “Typical of Margaret,” Thatcher remarked after his wife gave birth to a son and daughter, Mark and Carol, in 1953. “She produced twins . . . and avoided the necessity of a second pregnancy.” Sir Denis Thatcher died in 2003.", "precise_score": -5.76093053817749, "rough_score": -9.145010948181152, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher was British prime minister from 1979 to 1990 and one of the dominant political figures of 20th Century Britain.", "precise_score": -1.7459893226623535, "rough_score": -3.9728751182556152, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher", "passage": "Baroness Thatcher has died after suffering a stroke while staying at the Ritz hotel in central London. Books of condolence have been opened including at her former constituency office in Finchley, north London, and in her home town of Grantham.", "precise_score": -5.054784774780273, "rough_score": -8.867246627807617, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher", "passage": "British newspapers have devoted pages of coverage reflecting on the life of Baroness Thatcher.", "precise_score": -3.219818115234375, "rough_score": -3.742211103439331, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher was British prime minister from 1979-90.", "precise_score": -6.013625144958496, "rough_score": -9.151946067810059, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Baroness Thatcher", "passage": "In 2007 Baroness Thatcher became the first living ex-prime minister to be honoured with a statue in the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -0.34927070140838623, "rough_score": -5.74404239654541, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher has been called the most influential British political figure since Churchill and was one of the dominant political figures of 20th Century Britain.", "precise_score": 0.2999466359615326, "rough_score": -2.800389051437378, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215380668640137, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "View articles featuring Margaret Thatcher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.088468551635742, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher Summary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.738190650939941, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher’s Early Life", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.086076736450195, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda Roberts", "passage": "Margaret Hilda Roberts was born October 13, 1925, to Alfred and Beatrice Roberts in the market town of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. Her parents ran a grocery business and lived in an apartment above the shop. They were Methodists who were very involved in the local congregation, raising Margaret and her older sister Muriel in an atmosphere that emphasized self-help, charity, and personal truthfulness. 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Her father, Alfred, a self-made man, ran a grocery with his wife, Beatrice, in the provincial Lincolnshire market town of Grantham. They had an elder daughter, Muriel, born in 1921. Home was, Margaret recalled, “practical, serious and intensely religious.” Indeed life revolved around Methodism, with its churchgoing and music. Young Margaret became an accomplished pianist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.92846965789795, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "“The fifties marked the start of a major change in the role of women,” Thatcher reflected in her autobiography. In the male preserve of the House of Commons and in the cabinet she felt isolated. Her strident tone, perhaps an overcompensation as she tried to prove herself, further alienated male colleagues. Yet there were plus-points to being different. Blonde, attractive, always immaculately dressed and a zealous worker, she stood out and was for some while a media darling. The tide turned when as education secretary, forced to cut her budget, she stopped the provision of free milk to schoolchildren over the age of 7. Tabloid headlines raged “Mrs. Thatcher, Milk Snatcher” and asked if she was the most hated woman in Britain. She was deeply upset.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.644455909729004, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher and Thatcherism often evoke visceral love or hate. She was a role model for individualism and the success of the individual who worked hard—not always an easy trajectory in a nation of team players where traditionally it’s the playing, not the winning, that counts. Some said her policies legitimized selfishness. Feminists murmured that she failed to help other women break into public life—women were notably absent from high office in her governments. But that missed the point of her individualism, and she led by example.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9813871383667, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher | Facts Accomplishments Life" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Her legacy, like her life, is one of paradox. A force for change, she saved her country from the economic mire and made it governable again, but threw the Conservative Party into turmoil. She altered national attitudes: After monetarism there has been no return to Keynesian economics, and Britain is no longer the sick country of Europe. She consolidated the Atlantic Alliance and helped create the dynamics of the post–Cold War world, but left the Tory Party—and the country—deeply divided on Europe and integration into its union. 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She held the office of PM for 11 years — longer than anyone in the 20th century.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.404718399047852, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher biography | birthday, trivia | British ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher shored up a Conservative-led government, favored privatization rather than government expansion, led the country through the Falklands War with Argentina, and did it all with a stern no-nonsense flair that earned her the nickname “The Iron Lady.” Margaret Thatcher served three consecutive terms as prime minister, although political disputes and discontent within her party forced her to resign on 28 November 1990. She was succeeded by fellow Conservative John Major.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.797957420349121, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher biography | birthday, trivia | British ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher published the memoirs The Downing Street Years (1993) and The Path to Power (1995). In later years she suffered from dementia, and she died after a stroke on April 8, 2013. Three years later, the UK’s second female prime minister took office: Theresa May , also a Conservative, became PM in 2016.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.33559513092041, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher biography | birthday, trivia | British ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53872013092041, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53872013092041, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53872013092041, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher's home and early life in Grantham played a large part in forming her political convictions. Her parents, Alfred and Beatrice Roberts, were Methodists. The social life of the family was lived largely within the close community of the local congregation, bounded by strong traditions of self-help, charitable work, and personal truthfulness. The Roberts family ran a grocery business, bringing up their two daughters in a flat over the shop. Margaret Roberts attended a local state school and from there won a place at Oxford, where she studied chemistry at Somerville College (1943-47). Her tutor was Dorothy Hodgkin, a pioneer of X-ray crystallography who won a Nobel Prize in 1964. Her outlook was profoundly influenced by her scientific training.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0551118850708, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "But chemistry took second place to politics in Margaret Thatcher's future plans. Conservative politics had always been a feature of her home life: her father was a local councillor in Grantham and talked through with her the issues of the day. She was elected president of the student Conservative Association at Oxford and met many prominent politicians, making herself known to the leadership of her party at the time of its devastating defeat by Labour at the General Election of 1945.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.404666900634766, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher had a rough ride as Education Minister. The early 1970s saw student radicalism at its height and British politics at its least civil. Protesters disrupted her speeches, the opposition press vilified her, and education policy itself seemed set immovably in a leftwards course, which she and many Conservatives found uncomfortable. But she mastered the job and was toughened by the experience.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.206572532653809, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Many Conservatives were ready for a new approach after the Heath Government and when the Party lost a second General Election in October 1974, Margaret Thatcher ran against Heath for the leadership. To general surprise (her own included), in February 1975 she defeated him on the first ballot and won the contest outright on the second, though challenged by half a dozen senior colleagues. She became the first woman ever to lead a Western political party and to serve as Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.574487686157227, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "But over the winter of 1978/79, Labour's luck ran out. Trade union pay demands led to an epidemic of strikes and showed that the government had little influence over its allies in the labour movement. Public opinion swung against Labour and the Conservatives won a Parliamentary majority of 43 at the General Election of May 1979. The following day, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.73655891418457, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "Mrs. Thatcher’s party won the 1979 election and she became prime minister— the first woman to do so. It was better than watching sports on television. There was nothing like it. Every day she would do something big, and every day she would not apologize for it, even when reporters would press her. You just never saw anyone so direct or clear of speech.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837815284729004, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "Mrs. Thatcher faced a situation in Britain that was devastating, much like the situation we have today in our own country. What she did was to make plain that situation and to place great faith in the people of her country, and then when they were asked to choose, they chose for her over and over again. Indeed, she never lost an election after she won the first one. She only lost her job as prime minister because her party got tired of her. They were not as strong as she was and they threw her out, and she left very nobly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.584315299987793, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "The major political party opposed to Mrs. Thatcher’s Conservative party, the Labor party, was basically controlled at that time in its governing structure by the labor unions, and the worst and most aggressive of them was the coal miners. So the Prime Minister stood largely alone, and great powers were arrayed against her. And what she did was store up a bunch of coal to get ready for a strike because she knew Mr. Scargill was going to call one, and he did call one. The coal mining regions of the country had thousands of people picketing, and parts of the country basically ceased to function.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.753822326660156, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "This had happened many times in the past, and the government had capitulated. But this time there was Mrs. Thatcher at the head of the government, and there was something called the Battle of Orgreave, in which five thousand miners clashed with five thousand policemen. The policemen triumphed, and there were over 100 casualties. That was a battle for the soul of the country, and the Prime Minister was very clear about it. She explained that the stakes were enormous and that the government was going to stand up for the country. There was no wiggle in her. She didn’t budge. And what happened was that a large part of the membership of the miners union broke off, formed their own union, and made a deal that was in their interest but was not what Scargill had demanded. So Mrs. Thatcher basically broke that strike, and she broke that kind of unionism. The other kind—the kind where people act under laws that are fair, and where unions don’t take over parts of the country or the property of others—that kind of unionism thrives in Britain today. And so far there has not been an effort to bring back  the destructive kind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.744467735290527, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "You probably know that Mrs. Thatcher was almost killed when IRA terrorists put a bomb in her hotel during the annual Conservative Party Conference in 1984. They checked into that hotel months in advance and planted an explosive device set to go off near where the Prime Minister slept. It did go off, and it killed five people, but Mrs. Thatcher was working late and her life was spared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192710876464844, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Mrs. T", "passage": "IRA terrorists had previously killed one of her best friends, a man named Airey Neave, a distinguished soldier in World War II and one of the few men to escape the German POW camp at Colditz. He was very close to Mrs. Thatcher, and he was the Shadow Secretary for Northern Ireland. Shortly before she became prime minister, the terrorists placed a bomb in Neave’s car set to explode when the car was at a certain angle coming out of the parking lot underneath the House of Commons, and Airey Neave was killed, having survived the Nazis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.916419982910156, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher had strong reasons to oppose terrorism. And when it happened that several IRA terrorists, the key one being a man named Bobby Sands, went on a hunger strike in the Maze prison in Northern Ireland—they were demanding to be classified as political prisoners rather than as criminals—she stood firm as they starved themselves to death. Over and over, she stated her position forthrightly: “Crime is crime is crime. It is not political. It is crime.” And what that meant was that those terrorists had chosen the wrong time to go on a hunger strike.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762426376342773, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The greatest defender and servant of this principle of liberal government is Margaret Thatcher, and I pray that we will see the likes of her again, because the battle over this kind of government is upon us again. For making clear that the right way of government is to operate under a constitution, and under the control of free people, and for fighting for constitutionalism more effectively than anyone in our time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86926555633545, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The new government pledged to check and reverse Britain's economic decline. In the short-term, painful measures were required. Although direct taxes were cut, to restore incentives, the budget had to be balanced, and so indirect taxes were increased. The economy was already entering a recession, but inflation was rising and interest rates had to be raised to control it. By the end of Margaret Thatcher's first term, unemployment in Britain was more than three million and it began to fall only in 1986. A large section of Britain's inefficient manufacturing industry closed down. No one had predicted how severe the downturn would be.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.788576126098633, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Political support flowed from this achievement, but the re-election of the government was only made certain by an unpredicted event: the Falklands War. The Argentine Junta's invasion of the islands in April 1982 was met by Margaret Thatcher in the firmest way and with a sure touch. Although she worked with the US administration in pursuing the possibility of a diplomatic solution, a British military Task Force was despatched to retake the islands. When diplomacy failed, military action was quickly successful and the Falklands were back under British control by June 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.247040748596191, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The second term opened with almost as many difficulties as the first. The government found itself challenged by the miners' union, which fought a year-long strike in 1984-85 under militant leadership. In October 1984, when the strike was still underway, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) attempted to murder Margaret Thatcher and many of her cabinet by bombing her hotel in Brighton during the Conservative Party annual conference. Although she survived unhurt, some of her closest colleagues were among the injured and dead and the room next to hers was severely damaged. No twentieth-century British Prime Minister ever came closer to assassination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.24708366394043, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "The left wing of the Conservative Party had always been uneasy with its chief. In January 1986, enduring divisions between left and right in the Thatcher Cabinet were publicly exposed by the sudden resignation of the Defence Minister, Michael Heseltine, in a dispute over the business troubles of the British helicopter manufacturer, Westland. The fallout from the 'Westland Affair' challenged Margaret Thatcher's leadership as never before. She survived the crisis, but its effects were significant. She was subjected to heavy criticism within her own party for the decision to allow US warplanes to fly from British bases to attack targets in Libya (April 1986). There was talk of the government and of its leader being 'tired', of having gone on too long.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.236299514770508, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "M thatcher", "passage": "The legislative platform of the third-term Thatcher Government was among the most ambitious ever put forward by a British administration. There were measures to reform the education system (1988), introducing a national curriculum for the first time. There was a new tax system for local government (1989), the Community Charge, or 'poll tax' as it was dubbed by opponents. And there was legislation to separate purchasers and providers within the National Health Service (1990), opening up the service to a measure of competition for the first time and increasing the scope for effective management.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.815287590026855, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "This took place against a backdrop of international events profoundly helpful to the Conservative cause. Margaret Thatcher played her part in the last phase of the Cold War, both in the strengthening of the Western alliance against the Soviets in the early 1980s and in the successful unwinding of the conflict later in the decade. The Soviets had dubbed her the 'Iron Lady' — a tag she relished — for the tough line she took against them in speeches shortly after becoming Conservative leader in 1975. During the 1980s she offered strong support to the defence policies of the Reagan administration. (Meryl Streep won a Best Actress Academy Award for her portrayal of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher in the The Iron Lady (2011), a sweeping biodrama. Tracing Thatcher's life from her childhood as a grocer's daughter and her rise through the political ranks to becoming the U.K.'s first female P.M., director Phyllida Lloyd shows how her determination and strength of will earned \"the Iron Lady\" as many allies as enemies, and the personal price she paid.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.699337005615234, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "On November 1 1990 Sir Geoffrey Howe resigned over Europe and in a bitter resignation speech precipitated a challenge to Margaret Thatcher's leadership of her party by Michael Heseltine. In the ballot that followed, she won a majority of the vote. Yet under party rules the margin was insufficient, and a second ballot was required. Receiving the news at a conference in Paris, she immediately announced her intention to fight on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.736922264099121, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Larry P. Arnn. A Tribute to Margaret Thatcher. (adapted from remarks delivered at a ceremony in honor of Margaret Thatcher sponsored by the Hillsdale chapter of Young Americans for Freedom on April 22, 2013) Reprinted by permission from Imprimis , a publication of Hillsdale College. May/June 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.830708503723145, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher - jcs-group.com" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The Boston Globe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069586753845215, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher became prime minister in May 1979, 18 months before her friend Ronald Reagan was elected president. Deng Xiaoping, John Paul II, and, later, Mikhail Gorbachev may have played a more significant role in the worldwide rightward shift that marked the final quarter of the 20th century. None, however, more clearly symbolized that shift, or worked more enthusiastically to further it, than Reagan and Lady Thatcher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.453929901123047, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "“I am not a consensus politician,” she announced upon assuming leadership of the Conservative Party, in February 1975. “I am a conviction politician.” Lady Thatcher’s convictions — in favor of free-market economics and Victorian values, against state socialism and personal permissiveness — were deeply polarizing (something she readily, even proudly admitted) and flew in the face of several decades of British politics. “There is no such thing as society,” she said in 1987, indicating her commitment to the primacy of the individual and markets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.069616317749023, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Prior to Lady Thatcher’s coming to power, postwar Britain had been defined by “Butskellism,” as it was called, after two leading politicians of the 1950s, the Conservative Rab Butler and the Laborite Hugh Gaitskell. The term stood for a tacit agreement on the need for government intervention in economic and social policy to provide for the common good.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.018136978149414, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Thatcherism was as much about style as policy. As proudly middle class as its namesake, it disdained aristocratic snobbery as well as working-class egalitarianism. Thatcherism was about getting things done rather than getting along or going along. The taste for irony and understatement evinced by such Conservative predecessors as Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home was utterly alien to Lady Thatcher. Defiantly impolitic, she said what she meant — and said it bluntly. “I always found the most effective weapon was ‘No’ or sometimes ‘No, No, No!,’“ she said in her maiden speech to the House of Lords.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80521011352539, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s blend of candor and assertiveness entranced supporters and enraged opponents. Unlike Reagan, whose affability helped make his policies popular, she earned a reputation for inflexibility, stridency, and arrogance. Rather than regretting such an image, Lady Thatcher seemed to revel in it. “I think sometimes the prime minister should be intimidating,” she once said. “There’s not much point being a weak, floppy thing in the chair, is there?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.942995071411133, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s forceful manner and disdain for compromise proved crucial in two of her greatest triumphs: Britain’s victory over Argentina in the Falklands War, in 1982; and the nationwide coal strike that began in March 1984 and ended with the crushing of the miners’ union a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.626738548278809, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Further complicating Lady Thatcher’s image was her sex. “She is so clearly the best man among them,” wrote a Laborite minister, Barbara Castle, upon Lady Thatcher’s election as Conservative leader. The choice of noun was apt as well as pointed. Lady Thatcher had learned early on that she could ill afford to seem weak in what she once described as the “noisy, boisterous, masculine world” of the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837201118469238, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In a statement Monday, Meryl Streep, who won a best actress Academy Award for playing Lady Thatcher in the 2011 film “The Iron Lady,” spoke of being in “awe” of “her personal strength and grit.” Streep noted that Lady Thatcher gave “women and girls around the world reason to supplant fantasies of being princesses with a different dream: the real-life option of leading their nation.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20572280883789, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s being a woman proved, in some respects, even more asset than liability. It lent her a special fascination, something felt not just by voters and Conservative MPs but other world leaders. Pondering Lady Thatcher’s capacity to combine fierceness and femininity, French President Francois Mitterrand observed, “She has the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe.” Or as pop star Geri Halliwell put it, “We Spice Girls are true Thatcherites. Thatcher was the first Spice Girl, the pioneer of our ideology — Girl Power.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581575393676758, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Caligula, Marilyn, Spice Girl: Lady Thatcher was unlike any other resident of 10 Downing Street, before or since. As she wrote in her memoirs, “My background and experience were not those of a traditional Conservative prime minister. I was less able to depend on automatic deference, but I was also perhaps less intimidated by the risks of change.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224311828613281, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Born in Grantham, England, on Oct. 13, 1925, Margaret Hilda Roberts was the second daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer and lay Methodist minister, and Beatrice Roberts, a dressmaker. As Lady Thatcher never tired of reminding voters, she grew up “above the shop,” in an apartment that lacked both indoor plumbing and hot water. “My ‘Bloomsbury,’ ” she once wrote, referring to the cultural hub of radicalism in the 1920s and ’30s, “was Grantham — Methodism, the grocer’s shop, Rotary and all the serious, sober virtues cultivated and esteemed in that environment.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.52449893951416, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "The most important influence on Lady Thatcher was her father. From him, she obtained both her love of politics (a town councilor, he later became Grantham’s mayor) and strong sense of self. A favorite piece of advice, one much taken to heart, was “Never do things just because other people do them.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.442208290100098, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher excelled at school and won a scholarship to Oxford University. She majored in chemistry and was the first female president of the Oxford University Conservative Association. After graduating, in 1947, Lady Thatcher spent four years working as a research chemist (she later became a lawyer). Lady Thatcher ran for Parliament in 1950 and ’51 in a solidly Labor district. She lost both times, but drew the attention of Conservative Party leaders. She interrupted her political career to marry Denis Thatcher, a wealthy businessman 10 years her senior, in December 1951. His genial, unemphatic personality would prove an ideal complement to her driven, sometimes-intemperate manner. “Typical of Margaret,” Thatcher remarked after his wife gave birth to a son and daughter, Mark and Carol, in 1953. “She produced twins … and avoided the necessity of a second pregnancy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.189655303955078, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Elected to Parliament in 1959, Lady Thatcher was given a minor Cabinet position just two years later. She held various posts in the Conservative shadow Cabinet while the party was out of office, from 1964 to 1970, in such major ministries as energy, transportation, and education. She was the only woman in Edward Heath’s Cabinet. As minister for education and science she drew criticism for eliminating free milk for schoolchildren, earning her the sobriquet “Thatcher the milk snatcher.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611088752746582, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Dissatisfaction with Heath was growing after Labor’s victory in 1974. When more prominent party figures shrank from opposing him, Lady Thatcher stepped forward. She led her party to victory in May 1979, gaining a 43-seat majority in Parliament.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.369423866271973, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s efforts to curb inflation and cut taxes met with success. They also led to a doubling of unemployment. As criticism of her policies mounted in 1980, Lady Thatcher declared, “To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catchphrase, the U-turn, I have only this to say. ‘You turn if you want; the lady’s not for turning.’“ By late 1981, she had the lowest popularity rating ever recorded in a public opinion poll for a British prime minister.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.771617889404297, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Yet two developments came to Lady Thatcher’s rescue. At home, Labor moved further left and the emergence of new center-left party, the Social Democrats, helped splinter opposition. Abroad, in 1982, Argentina seized the Falkland Islands. Lady Thatcher’s popularity soared with her steadfast leadership during the victorious 10-week military conflict that followed. “Great Britain is great again,” she proclaimed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4851713180542, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Calling for elections in June 1983, Lady Thatcher led the Conservatives to a 144-seat majority in Parliament. Four years later, Conservatives won a 102-seat majority. Yet many senior Conservatives had grown restive under Lady Thatcher’s rule. Further weakening her popularity was widespread opposition to a poll tax and the privatizing of water and electrical utilities. In addition, her growing criticism of European Community policy — especially the prospect of British participation in the European Monetary System — set the stage for efforts to overturn her leadership. The first, in 1989, proved unsuccessful. The second, in Nov. 1990, did not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.247340202331543, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s backing of John Major had proved crucial in his selection as her successor. He was far from being a dyed-in-the-wool Thatcherite, and his predecessor grew increasingly critical of him. In 1997, Lady Thatcher was widely quoted as saying of Major’s Labor opponent, “Tony [Blair] won’t let us down.” By 1998, though, she was saying of Blair (who had won a landslide victory two years before), “I’m worried about that young man, he’s getting awfully bossy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953553199768066, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Still, it might be that the greatest tribute paid to Lady Thatcher was the way in which Blair, rather than rejecting Thatcherism, did his best to present himself as carrying on its tradition of forward-looking vigor and entrepreneurial optimism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.138555526733398, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In addition to her children, Lady Thatcher leaves two grandchildren. A sister, Muriel, died in 2004. A ceremonial funeral will be held at London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral next week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.096522331237793, "source": "search", "title": "Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has died - The ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher — Somerville College Oxford", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.856687545776367, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher — Somerville College Oxford" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Somerville has previously launched two extraordinarily successful appeals in Margaret Thatcher’s name, which have raised funds for the Margaret Thatcher Conference Centre and helped support Fellowships in both Chemistry and Law. The College is now embarking on a groundbreaking initiative to honour the pioneering spirit of a remarkable Somervillian, a trailblazing woman and notable post-war leader.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.7376708984375, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher — Somerville College Oxford" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The Boston Globe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.504820823669434, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher became prime minister in May 1979, 18 months before her friend Ronald Reagan was elected president. Deng Xiaoping, John Paul II, and, later, Mikhail Gorbachev may have played a more significant role in the worldwide rightward shift that marked the final quarter of the 20th century. None, however, more clearly symbolized that shift, or worked more enthusiastically to further it, than Reagan and Lady Thatcher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.453929901123047, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher acknowledged applause at the end of the Conservative Party conference in Blackpool in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198795318603516, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "“I am not a consensus politician,” she announced upon assuming leadership of the Conservative Party, in February 1975. “I am a conviction politician.” Lady Thatcher’s convictions — in favor of free-market economics and Victorian values, against state socialism and personal permissiveness — were deeply polarizing (something she readily, even proudly admitted) and flew in the face of several decades of British politics. “There is no such thing as society,” she said in 1987, indicating her commitment to the primacy of the individual and markets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.069616317749023, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Before Lady Thatcher came to power, postwar Britain had been defined by “Butskellism,” as it was called, after two leading politicians of the 1950s, the Conservative Rab Butler and the Laborite Hugh Gaitskell. The term stood for a tacit agreement on the need for government intervention in economic and social policy to provide for the common good.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.275337219238281, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Thatcherism was as much about style as policy. As proudly middle class as its namesake, it disdained aristocratic snobbery as well as working-class egalitarianism. Thatcherism was about getting things done rather than getting along or going along. The taste for irony and understatement evinced by such Conservative predecessors as Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home was utterly alien to Lady Thatcher. Defiantly impolitic, she said what she meant — and said it bluntly. “I always found the most effective weapon was ‘No’ or sometimes ‘No, No, No!’ ’’ she said in her maiden speech to the House of Lords.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.805543899536133, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher attended the Franco-British summit in Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.407926559448242, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s blend of candor and assertiveness entranced supporters and enraged opponents. Unlike Reagan, whose affability helped make his policies popular, she earned a reputation for inflexibility, stridency, and arrogance. Rather than regretting such an image, Lady Thatcher seemed to revel in it. “I think sometimes the prime minister should be intimidating,” she once said. “There’s not much point being a weak, floppy thing in the chair, is there?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.942995071411133, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s forceful manner and disdain for compromise proved crucial in two of her greatest triumphs: Britain’s victory over Argentina in the Falklands War, in 1982; and the nationwide coal strike that began in March 1984 and ended with the crushing of the miners union a year later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61095905303955, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Further complicating her image was her sex. “She is so clearly the best man among them,” wrote a Laborite minister, Barbara Castle, upon Lady Thatcher’s election as Conservative leader. The choice of noun was apt as well as pointed. Lady Thatcher had learned early on that she could ill afford to seem weak in what she once described as the “noisy, boisterous, masculine world” of the House of Commons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.963149070739746, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In a statement Monday, Meryl Streep, who won a best actress Academy Award for playing Lady Thatcher in the 2011 film “The Iron Lady,” spoke of being in awe of “her personal strength and grit.” Streep noted that Lady Thatcher gave “women and girls around the world reason to supplant fantasies of being princesses with a different dream: the real-life option of leading their nation.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191854476928711, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s being a woman proved, in some respects, even more asset than liability. It lent her a special fascination, something felt not just by voters and Conservative MPs but other world leaders. Pondering Lady Thatcher’s capacity to combine fierceness and femininity, President Francois Mitterrand of France observed, “She has the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe.” Or as pop star Geri Halliwell put it, “We Spice Girls are true Thatcherites. Thatcher was the first Spice Girl, the pioneer of our ideology — Girl Power.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.587602615356445, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Caligula, Marilyn, Spice Girl: Lady Thatcher was unlike any other resident of 10 Downing Street, before or since. As she wrote in her memoirs, “My background and experience were not those of a traditional Conservative prime minister. I was less able to depend on automatic deference, but I was also perhaps less intimidated by the risks of change.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224311828613281, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Born in Grantham, England, on Oct. 13, 1925, Margaret Hilda Roberts was the second daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer and lay Methodist minister, and Beatrice Roberts, a dressmaker. As Lady Thatcher never tired of reminding voters, she grew up “above the shop,” in an apartment that lacked indoor plumbing and hot water.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.37798023223877, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "The most important influence on Lady Thatcher was her father. From him, she obtained both her love of politics (a town councilor, he later became Grantham’s mayor) and strong sense of self.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.266592979431152, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Elected to Parliament in 1959, Lady Thatcher was given a minor Cabinet position just two years later. She held various posts in the Conservative shadow Cabinet while the party was out of office, from 1964 to 1970, in such major ministries as energy, transportation, and education. She was the only woman in Edward Heath’s Cabinet. Dissatisfaction with Heath was growing after Labor’s victory in 1974. When more prominent party figures shrank from opposing him, Lady Thatcher stepped forward. She led her party to victory in May 1979, gaining a 43-seat majority in Parliament.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.250079154968262, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s efforts to curb inflation and cut taxes met with success. They also led to a doubling of unemployment. As criticism of her policies mounted in 1980, Lady Thatcher declared, “To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catchphrase, the U-turn, I have only this to say. ‘You turn if you want; the lady’s not for turning.’ ” By late 1981, she had the lowest popularity rating ever recorded in a public opinion poll for a British prime minister.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.76835823059082, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Yet two developments came to her rescue. At home, Labor moved further left and the emergence of the new center-left party, the Social Democrats, helped splinter opposition. Abroad, in 1982, Argentina seized the British-controlled Falkland Islands. Lady Thatcher’s popularity soared with her steadfast leadership during the victorious 10-week military conflict that followed. “Great Britain is great again,” she proclaimed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.84836483001709, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Calling for elections in June 1983, Lady Thatcher led the Conservatives to a 144-seat majority in Parliament. Four years later, Conservatives won a 102-seat majority. Yet many senior Conservatives had grown restive under Lady Thatcher’s rule. Further weakening her popularity was widespread opposition to a poll tax and the privatizing of water and electrical utilities. In addition, her growing criticism of European Community policy set the stage for efforts to overturn her leadership. The first, in 1989, proved unsuccessful. The second, in November 1990, did not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.260247230529785, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "Lady Thatcher’s backing of John Major had proved crucial in his selection as her successor. He was far from being a dyed-in-the-wool Thatcherite, and his predecessor grew increasingly critical of him. In 1997, Lady Thatcher was widely quoted as saying of Major’s Labor opponent, “Tony [Blair] won’t let us down.” By 1998, though, she was saying of Blair (who had won a landslide victory two years before), “I’m worried about that young man, he’s getting awfully bossy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953553199768066, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Lady Thatcher", "passage": "In addition to her children, Lady Thatcher leaves two grandchildren. A sister, Muriel, died in 2004. A ceremonial funeral will be held at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London next week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.126683235168457, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher, 87; prime minister remade England - The ..." }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232377052307129, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Thatcher", "passage": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.161284446716309, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda Roberts", "passage": "She was born Margaret Hilda Roberts in Grantham, Lincolnshire, in 1925, the daughter of a local grocer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.744929313659668, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Mrs Thatcher entered Downing Street in 1979 as Britain's first female prime minister, promising that the Conservatives would cut income tax, reduce public expenditure, make it easier for people to buy their own homes and curb the power of the unions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40499210357666, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Mrs T", "passage": "Mrs Thatcher formed a special relationship with US President Ronald Reagan - her political soulmate. On his death she described Mr Reagan as a great American who \"won the Cold War\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.828657150268555, "source": "search", "title": "Margaret Thatcher: A life in pictures - BBC News" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him.", "precise_score": 8.166006088256836, "rough_score": 7.551962852478027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henri Becquerel" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "In 1903, Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Skłodowska-Curie \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\".", "precise_score": 8.549908638000488, "rough_score": 7.640057563781738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henri Becquerel" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Becquerel's earliest work was concerned with the plane polarization of light, with the phenomenon of phosphorescence and with the absorption of light by crystals (his doctorate thesis). He also worked on the subject of terrestrial magnetism. In 1896, his previous work was overshadowed by his discovery of the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. Following a discussion with Henri Poincaré on the radiation which had recently been discovered by Röntgen (X-rays) and which was accompanied by a type of phosphorescence in the vacuum tube, Becquerel decided to investigate whether there was any connection between X-rays and naturally occurring phosphorescence. He had inherited from his father a supply of uranium salts, which phosphoresce on exposure to light. When the salts were placed near to a photographic plate covered with opaque paper, the plate was discovered to be fogged. The phenomenon was found to be common to all the uranium salts studied and was concluded to be a property of the uranium atom. Later, Becquerel showed that the rays emitted by uranium, which for a long time were named after their discoverer, caused gases to ionize and that they differed from X-rays in that they could be deflected by electric or magnetic fields. For his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Becquerel was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, the other half being given to Pierre and Marie Curie for their study of the Becquerel radiation.", "precise_score": 6.080094337463379, "rough_score": 5.459976673126221, "source": "search", "title": "Henri Becquerel - Biographical - Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Becquerel whose experiments with uranium salts led to the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity; for this breakthrough he shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with Marie and Pierre Curie..", "precise_score": 8.054543495178223, "rough_score": 7.599269390106201, "source": "search", "title": "Henri Becquerel - kotte-autographs.com" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 was divided, one half awarded to Antoine Henri Becquerel \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity\", the other half jointly to Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska \"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel\".", "precise_score": 7.4202985763549805, "rough_score": 7.138270378112793, "source": "search", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Full name, Antoine-Henri Becquerel. French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. In 1903 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie .", "precise_score": 8.713154792785645, "rough_score": 7.7708563804626465, "source": "search", "title": "Pioneers: Henri Becquerel - RADIOCHEMISTRY SOCIETY" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "For his discovery of radioactivity, Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with the Curies; he was also honoured with other medals and memberships in foreign societies. His own Academy of Sciences elected him its president and one of its permanent secretaries.", "precise_score": 8.452779769897461, "rough_score": 7.649346351623535, "source": "search", "title": "Pioneers: Henri Becquerel - RADIOCHEMISTRY SOCIETY" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) is known for his discovery of radioactivity, for which he received the Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with Marie Curie (1897-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) in 1903 and the contributions he made to that field. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences, became its President, and was elected to the far more influential post of permanent Secretary. He held three chairs of Physics in Paris - at the Museum of Natural History, at the cole Polytechnique,and at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Méésartiers' - and attained high rank as an engineer in the National Administration of Bridges and Highways.", "precise_score": 7.840222358703613, "rough_score": 7.304758548736572, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Becquerel's discovery of spontaneous radioactivity is a famous example of serendipity, of how chance favors the prepared mind. Becquerel had long been interested in phosphorescence, the emission of light of one color following a body's exposure to light of another color. In early 1896, in the wave of excitement following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-rays on January 5 that same year, Becquerel thought that phosphorescent materials, such as some uranium salts, might emit penetrating X-ray-like radiation when illuminated by bright sunlight. His first experiments appeared to show this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8332583904266357, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henri Becquerel" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "There followed a period of intense research into radioactivity, including the determination that the element thorium is also radioactive and the discovery of additional radioactive elements polonium and radium by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.48314380645752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henri Becquerel" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "As often happens in science, radioactivity came close to being discovered nearly four decades earlier in 1857, when Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor, who was investigating photography under Michel Eugène Chevreul, observed that uranium salts emitted radiation that could darken photographic emulsions. By 1861, Niepce de Saint-Victor realized that uranium salts produce \"a radiation that is invisible to our eyes\". Niepce de Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, Henri Becquerel's father. In 1868, Edmond Becquerel published a book, La lumière: ses causes et ses effets (Light: Its causes and its effects). On page 50 of volume 2, Edmond noted that Niepce de Saint-Victor had observed that some objects that had been exposed to sunlight could expose photographic plates even in the dark. Niepce further noted that on the one hand, the effect was diminished if an obstruction were placed between a photographic plate and the object that had been exposed to the sun, but \" … d'un autre côté, l'augmentation d'effet quand la surface insolée est couverte de substances facilement altérables à la lumière, comme le nitrate d'urane … \" ( … on the other hand, the increase in the effect when the surface exposed to the sun is covered with substances that are easily altered by light, such as uranium nitrate … ). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3997111320495605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henri Becquerel" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him. There is a crater called Becquerel on the Moon and also a crater called Becquerel on Mars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.136111736297607, "source": "wiki", "title": "Henri Becquerel" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Four people have received two Nobel Prizes. Marie Curie received the Physics Prize in 1903 for her work on radioactivity and the Chemistry Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium, making her the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences. Linus Pauling won the 1954 Chemistry Prize for his research into the chemical bond and its application to the structure of complex substances. Pauling also won the Peace Prize in 1962 for his activism against nuclear weapons, making him the only laureate of two unshared prizes. John Bardeen received the Physics Prize twice: in 1956 for the invention of the transistor and in 1972 for the theory of superconductivity. Frederick Sanger received the prize twice in Chemistry: in 1958 for determining the structure of the insulin molecule and in 1980 for inventing a method of determining base sequences in DNA. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2144317626953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nobel Prize" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Becquerel writes research notes on molecular X- rays, electrolysis, ions, etc., which is part of Becquerel's own work related to radioactivity. Becquerel writes in his hand scientific notes about ions, electrolysis, atoms, molecules, positive charges of the ions and how they react, he writes several long formulas, including: “e/e=l,n=rx10 to the power of 19,and then explains how e/u= 10 to the power of 7, 2x 1000…of the electrolysis v( S 10 to the power of 4 ), l/2000 of the atom dissolving middle body.” Manuscripts by Becquerel discussing his work on radioactivity are of great rarity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0124969482421875, "source": "search", "title": "Henri Becquerel - kotte-autographs.com" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "(b. Dec. 15, 1852, Paris--d. Aug. 25, 1908, Le Croisic, Fr.), French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. In 1903 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie. (see also Index: physical science)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6820711493492126, "source": "search", "title": "biography Antoine Henri Becquerel. The Nobel Prize in Physics" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "By 1896 Henri was an accomplished and respected physicist--a member of the Academie des Sciences since 1889--but more important than his research thus far were his expertise with phosphorescent materials, his familiarity with uranium compounds, and his general skill in laboratory techniques, including photography. Together, these were to place the discovery of radioactivity within his reach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.067530632019043, "source": "search", "title": "biography Antoine Henri Becquerel. The Nobel Prize in Physics" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "During 1896 Becquerel published seven papers on radioactivity, as Marie Curie later named the phenomenon; in 1897, only two papers; and in 1898, none. This was an index of both his and the scientific world's interest in the subject, for the period saw studies of numerous radiations (e.g., cathode rays, X-rays, Becquerel rays, \"discharge rays,\" canal rays, radio waves, the visible spectrum, rays from glowworms, fireflies, and other luminescent materials), and Becquerel rays seemed not especially significant. The far more popular X-rays could take sharper shadow photographs and faster. It required the extension in 1898 of radioactivity to another known element, thorium (by Gerhard Carl Schmidt and independently by Marie Curie), and the discovery of new radioactive materials, polonium and radium (by Pierre and Marie Curie and their colleague, Gustave Bemont), to awaken the world and Becquerel to the significance of his discovery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7860195636749268, "source": "search", "title": "biography Antoine Henri Becquerel. The Nobel Prize in Physics" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Returning to the field he had created, Becquerel made three more important contributions. One was to measure, in 1899 and 1900, the deflection of beta particles, a constituent of the radiation, in both electric and magnetic fields. From the charge to mass value thus obtained, he showed that the beta particle was the same as Joseph John Thomson's recently identified electron. Another discovery was the circumstance that the allegedly active substance in uranium, uranium X, lost its radiating ability in time, while the uranium, inactive when freshly prepared, regained its activity. When Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy found similar decay and regeneration in thorium X and thorium, they were led to the transformation theory of radioactivity, which explained the phenomenon as a subatomic chemical change in which one element spontaneously transmutes into another. Becquerel's last major achievement concerned the physiological effect of the radiation. Others may have noticed this before him, but his report in 1901 of the burn caused when he carried an active sample of the Curies' radium in his vest pocket inspired investigation by physicians, leading ultimately to medical use. For his discovery of radioactivity, Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with the Curies; he was also honoured with other medals and memberships in foreign societies. His own Academy of Sciences elected him its president and one of its permanent secretaries. (L.Ba.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.961766004562378, "source": "search", "title": "biography Antoine Henri Becquerel. The Nobel Prize in Physics" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "By 1896 Henri was an accomplished and respected physicist�a member of the Academie des Sciences since 1889�but more important than his research thus far were his expertise with phosphorescent materials, his familiarity with uranium compounds, and his general skill in laboratory techniques, including photography. Together, these were to place the discovery of radioactivity within his reach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.140477180480957, "source": "search", "title": "Pioneers: Henri Becquerel - RADIOCHEMISTRY SOCIETY" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Returning to the field he had created, Becquerel made three more important contributions. One was to measure, in 1899 and 1900, the deflection of beta particles, which are a constituent of the radiation in both electric and magnetic fields. From the charge to mass value thus obtained, he showed that the beta particle was the same as Joseph John Thomson's recently identified electron. Another discovery was the circumstance that the allegedly active substance in uranium, uranium X, lost its radiating ability in time, while the uranium, though inactive when freshly prepared, eventually regained its lost radioactivity. When Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy found similar decay and regeneration in thorium X and thorium, they were led to the transformation theory of radioactivity, which explained the phenomenon as a subatomic chemical change in which one element spontaneously transmutes into another. Becquerel's last major achievement concerned the physiological effect of the radiation. Others may have noticed this before him, but his report in 1901 of the burn caused when he carried an active sample of the Curies' radium in his vest pocket inspired investigation by physicians, leading ultimately to medical use.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6002323627471924, "source": "search", "title": "Pioneers: Henri Becquerel - RADIOCHEMISTRY SOCIETY" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "There are few scientific discoveries whose circumstances are known as minutely as those around the almost accidental finding of radioactivity. On January 7, 1896, the great French mathematician Jules-Henri Poincare (1854-1912) received a letter containing several astonishing photographs of the bones in someone's hand. The bones belonged to Wilhelm Conrad Rööntgen (1845-1923), a scientist Poincare had never visited. The letter explained that the pictures had been taken with the aid of a new discovery, X-rays that Ròöntgen had turned up the previous month, and that he was publicizing his findings by mailing off prints all over Europe. Publicized they were: The photographs created a sensation across the globe(fig.3). Within three weeks, little Eddie McCarthy of Dartmouth, New Hampshire, became a local celebrity when his broken arm was set by physicians armed with X-rays images of the fracture(fig.4). It is easy to imagine Poincare's amazement-photographs of the inside of a human being! -and he quickly asked two local doctors if they could duplicate Röntgen's work. On January 20, they showed their own X-ray photographs to the assembled members of the French Academie des Sciences. The reaction was immediate and extreme. In the next fortnight, five members of the Academie presented papers on the new phenomenon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.392374992370605, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "What is Radioactivity?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528874397277832, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Imagine that you are holding a water melon in your hands. All of a sudden, for no apparent reason, one of its seeds comes flying out through the thick skin. At the same time, you find that the water melon has turned into a musk melon. Before you realise what happened, the musk melon throws out a seed and turns into an apple.As you are looking at the apple wondering to bite into it or not, a seed shoots out of it, and now what you have in your hand is an orange. By the time you try comprehend this unbelievable chain of event, the orange throws out a seed and becomes a emon. Surely, you would not like to eat a lemon, so you wait for it to turn into a berry or into a grape. You keep waiting, but nothing happens. The lemon remains a lemon. You may think that may be the a magician is trying to keep you awaiting from eating, or that there is a hitherto unknown power which is responsible for the entire chain of events. Fortunately, we never find one fruit changing into another kind of fruit the way it is described here.However, you may like to note that a very similar process is called Radioactivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351876258850098, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactive", "passage": "Atoms are the smallest constituents that make up of elements, and hence all matter. At the centre of each atom, there is a much smaller nucleus that contains even tinier particles called Protons and Neutrons. The nucleus of a \"Radioactive\"atom - throw out one or more of these tinier articles, sometime particles other than proton or neutron thereby changing into a different element, or sometimes electromagnetic radiation. Such a nucleus is said to decay, or break apart when the decay of a nucleus occur. One type of atom is changed into a different type., and hence one element into another.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418404579162598, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Photography entered the laboratory around the middle of the 19th century, being used to complement the microscope, telescope and balloon (for aerial photography),and to capture events such as sound waves, flying bullets, drop splashes, the motion of animals and lightning. Röntgen's encounter with X-rays, which evoked tremendous public interest, relied heavily on photography for its fame. By far the greatest scientific use of this tool came in the century's last two decades,which suggests the impact of dry, gelatin emulsion plates. By 1896 Becquerel would probably have had at his disposal dry photographic plates of relatively good quality, uniform emulsion and long shelf life. Luminescence, uranium, photography Becquerel was in the right place at the right time. But he still might have failed to recognizes radioactivity as a phenomenon separate from phosphorescence if he had not been an accomplished physicist (Figure).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.463932991027832, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactive", "passage": "Most atoms are not radio active, fortunately. Their neuclei are \"stable\",i.e. they do not decay. This is why an ordinary object, such as an apple or a watermelon with millions and millions of atoms with stable neuclei, always remains the same. Incidentally, we call a radioactive nucleus unstable because it can decay. When it does decay, both the number of protons and neutrons can change. Will the resulting nucleus be stable? Well, it may be stable or it too may be radioactive. If it is radio active, it may be further decay to form yet another new nucleus, which could be radioactive as well. This is how a \"decay series\" could occur. Each kind of chemical element in the series changes into the next kind. Ultimately, the series may end with an element such as lead, i.e. not radio active. The atoms in this element are stable, they do not decay. Thus after a sufficiently long time one may find that radium or uranium has completely changed into lead!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353014945983887, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Within weeks, news of Becquerel's findings had spread to Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and the United States, further exciting researchers already stirred by the discovery of X-rays. Tests of the two phenomena were often conducted on the same workbench. The consequences of each discovery, however, were far different. X-rays were found to be simply pulses of light light of an intensity and power never before seen, but light nonetheless. Radioactivity, on the other hand, was something entirely new, something that did not fit anywhere. The existence of radioactivity metal that somehow shot out energy! was a direct attack on the most ardent beliefs of Becquerel and his colleagues. When the strange behaviour of uranium was first noted, Becquerel wrote in his memoirs, \"There was no reason to presume that the phenomenon was [anything but] a new example of a known type of energy transformation. Contrary to every expectation, the first experiments demonstrated the existence of an apparently spontaneous production of energy\" . They had spent many years, those nineteenth century scientists, establishing the law of conservation of energy: Energy was neither created not destroyed. But every single piece of uranium seemed of its own accord to produce radiation that fogged photographic plates, electrified gases, and sometimes even burned physicists and the energy needed to do these things evidently came from no place at all. The metal just sat there, its atoms quietly working away, continuously beaming out penetrating rays in seeming disregard for the conservation of energy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.688615798950195, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactive", "passage": "Marie Curie's representation of alpha, beta and gamma rays in a magnetic field from a radioactive material placed in a narrow but deep cavity in a block of lead. The magnetic field is applied in a direction perpendicular to and out of the plane of the paper. In the absence of electric and magnetic fields, the rays would emerge as a thin vertical beam. The alpha particles being positively charged and relatively heavy, would be slightly deflected to the right. The beta particles, being negatively charged and light, would be deviated to a greater extent to the left, whereas the gamma rays, carrying no electric charge, would not be deflected at all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175413131713867, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Another page from Marie Curie's doctoral thesis describing the set-up for measuring the ionisation power of \"uranium rays\" The method employed consists in measuring the conductivity acquired by air under the action of radioactive bodies; this method possesses the advantage of being rapid and of furnishing figures which are comparable. The apparatus employed by me for the purpose consists essentially of a plate condenser, AB (Figure 1). The active body, finely powdered, is spread over the plate B, making the air between the plates a conductor. In order to measure the conductivity, the plate B is raised to a high potential by connecting it with one pole of a battery of small accumulators. P, of which the other pole is connected to earth. The plate A being maintained at the potential of the earth by the connection CD,an electric current is set up between the two plates. The potential of plate A is recorded by an electrometer, E. If the earth connection be broken at C, the plate A becomes charged, and this charge causes a deflection of the electrometer. The velocity of the deflection is proportional to the intensity of the current, and serves to measure the latter. But a preferable method of measurement is that of complensating the charge of plate A, so as to cause no deflection of the electrometer. The charges in question are extremely weak; they may be compensated by means of a quartz electric balance, Q, one sheath of which is connected to plate A and other to the earth. The quartz lamina is subjected to known tension, produced by placing weights in a plate,T; the tension is produced progressively, and has the effect of generating progressively a known quantity of electricity during the time observed. The operation can be so regulated that, at each instant, there is compensation between the quantity of electricity that traverses the condenser and that of the opposite kind furnished by the quartz. In this way, the quantity of electricity passing through the condenser for a given time, i.e., the intesity of the current, can be measured in absolute units. The measurement is independent of the sensitiveness of the electrometer. (Source Resonance, March 2001) (fig.6). That he found the plates as blackened as they would have been had the crystals phosphoresced continuously, and that he recognized the significance of his surprising observation, shows that the discovery of radioactivity was not simply a happy accident but also a product of genuine scientific talent. Becquerel's example is comforting to us: His genius emerged because he mistakenly believed in a connection between the penetrating rays and phosphorescence, and because he felt compelled to speak at the academy's meeting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037368774414062, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Though a major step, this event does not deserve to be called the discovery of radioactivity. The discovery was a process, not an instantaneous occurrence, for even at this point Becquerel had not sufficiently localized the phenomenon. No doubt Becquerel was a skilled and ingenious experimenter. However, in this early research he was not sufficiently meticulous to exclude extraneous influences and to see that some of his experimental results could bear more than one explanation. Thus, he often concluded that his experiments proved uranium rays to posses a certain physical property, only to have it shown later that the effect was due to another cause. Indeed, his investigations are particularly interesting for their many false trails, unreproducible results and misinterpreted effects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.968459963798523, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Yet,his erroneous conclusions inexorably led him to further experiments, which often revealed the true nature of the phenomenon. This uneven progress is perhaps the most striking facet in the story of the discovery of radioactivity. But it must be understood that few scientists are able to avoid false trails.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.197623252868652, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Through March and the succeeding months of 1896, Becquerel found that those crystals kept in darkness retained their ability to expose a photographic plate. Surely, he felt, this was a remarkable example of long-lived phosphorescence. But he was at a loss to explain the equally intense images produced by non-phosphorescent uranous sulfate. This discovery led him on a new path of investigation. Since uranium nitrate ceases to luminesce when dissolved or melted in its water of crystalization, Becquerel, in darkness, heated a crystal in a sealed glass tube, protecting it even from the light of the alcohol flame. He then allowed it to recrystallize in darkness. All phosphorescence had been destroyed in this process, yet the salt still produced results on a photographic plate as strong as crystals exposed to light. Indeed, Becquerel admitted the anomalous behaviour of his samples: All salts of uranium emitted the invisible radiation, while other phosphorescent bodies did not. Finally, he tried a disk of pure uranium metal and found that it produced penetrating radiation three to four times as intense as that he had first seen with potassium uranyl sulfate. With this last announcement, on May 18, 1986, Becquerel's discovery of radioactivity was complete, although he continued with ionization studies of his penetrating radiation until the following spring. The new rays emerged from the element uranium, and with the implicit consequence that this was an atomic phenomenon, it may be said that the process of the discovery of radioactivity was essentially over. It was a process that took several months, notable for a number of conclusions that were later overturned!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.455617904663086, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Marie Curie (1867-1934) leaped into this exciting new field. She soon discovered at roughly the same time that Becquerel and Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)(fig8) did that the radiations given off by uranium were composed of more than one type. Some rays were bent one way by a magnetic field; others were bent another way. Rutherford named the positively charged rays alpha rays and the negatively charged ones beta rays (also known as alpha particles and beta particles). Exactly what these rays or particles were composed of, no one knew, but by 1898 Marie Curie suggested a name for these radiations radioactivity and that is the name that stuck. And in 1900, Paul Ulrich Villard discovered a third, unusually penetrating type of ray in radioactive radiation, one that did not bend at all n a magnetic field, which he named the gamma ray. The use of Greek letters to name these rays simply meant that their identity was unknown, as with the X in X-ray. The Law of Exponential Decay Rutherfod and Soddy observed in 1902 that the activity of a radioactive element was diminishing in an exponential or (logarithmic) manner. This implied that the rate of decay of an active species, that is, the number of atoms that disintegrate in a unit interval of time, is proportional to the total number of atoms of that species present at that time. If we suppose that at a given instant, there are N atoms present of a particular radioelement, the rate of disintegration is represented by dN/dt. Since the rate of disintegration is proportional to the total number of atoms N, the relationship between the two, following methods of simple calculus, can be written as", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.747845649719238, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioelement", "passage": "where l is is a constant which Rutherford and Soddy called the \"radioactive constant\". It is now referred to as the disintegration constant or the decay constant of the element under consideration. The negative sign is due to the fact that the number of atoms of the radioactive element decreases with time, and hence the rate dN/dt is a negative quantity. The value of l depends on the property of a given radioelement and is independent of the physical condition or state of chemical combination. In an equivalent exponential form, the above equation yields the result,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393132209777832, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "where N 0 is the number of atoms present at any arbitrary zero time and N t is the number remaining after the lapse of a further time t. Another constant introduced by Rutherfod in 1904, called the \"half-life\" is the time required for the radioactivity of a given amount of the element to decay to half its initial value, that is, when half of the N0 atoms present at the zero time have decayed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.444805145263672, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Marie Sklodowska, a Polish girl came to Paris at the Sorbonne University to study physics and mathematics and qualified with honours and distinction. She married Pierre Curie (1859-1906) of the same university in 1895. Pierre was already famous for his discovery of piezo electricity - a property shown by some crystals such as quartz of developing an electrical voltage between opposite ends when subjected to pressure. Marie Curie used the discovery of her husband (see Box) to measure radioactivity. Radioactive rays, like X rays, ionized any gas they passed through (including air) making it capable of conducting electricity. She found that she could measure the current so conducted with a galvanometer and offset it with the potential of a crystal under pressure. By measuring the amount of pressure it took to balance the current, she could obtain the reading of the intensity of the radioactivity. She systematically tested radioactive salts and succeeded in showing that the degree of radioactivity was in proportion to the amount of uranium in the radioactive material thereby narrowing the source of the radioactivity in her samples down to uranium. Then in 1898 she made yet another find: the heavy element thorium was also radioactive. It was already known that natural pitchblende is three or four times more active than uranium. Even more interesting is the fact that as Marie was working to separate uranium out of pitchblende, she found that the residues she produced had a much higher measurement of radioactivity than the uranium content alone could account for. Since the other minerals present in the ore were not radioactive, that could mean only one thing. Some other radioactive element, in amounts too small to detect, must also be present! By this time, Marie's work had developed so much potential that her husband Pierre joined her to help with the backbreaking, tedious work of crystallizing the elements from the ores. Though himself a fine scientist with a successful career, he set his own work aside and spent the remaining seven years of his life assisting her, recognizing both her extraordinary gifts as a scientist and the importance of the path she was following. By July 1898 the two had succeeded. Working together, they had isolated a tiny amount of powder from the uranium ore from the fraction that contained bismuth. It was a new element, never before detected, with a level of radioactivity 400 times higher than uranium. They named the new element polonium, after Marie's home country. But something still seemed strange. The ore still gave off more radioactivity even than the uranium and polonium combined could account for. There must still be something else. In December 1898 they found the answer: another, even more radioactive element obtained from the fraction that contained barium which was 900 times more active than uranium. This one they named radium (from Latin radius meaning ray). Marie and Pierre could not really offer a good description of new element radium because the amount they were able to derive from the ore they had was so minuscule. They could measure its radiations, and Eugene Demarcay, a specialist in elemental line spectra, was able to provide the spectral characteristics. (Different elements give off different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation or light, and these can be observed as discrete lines.) The next project was to produce a large enough quantity of radium that they could weigh it and measure it and see it. For this, they required a much bigger laboratory and financial resources which Sorbonne University could not provide. Undaunted by the circumstances, they set to work in a make-shift laboratory housed in a neighbouring abandoned court-yard. Through the courtesy of the Academy of Sciences, Vienna, they managed at a reasonable cost, stacks of the required ore pitchblende. The new laboratory was damp with a leaky glass roof, walls made of card-boards, a few tables knocked together as the work tables, a gas stove and no exhaust to remove noxious fumes arising from the work upto 20 kg of the ore every day. It was a back breaking, hazardous and almost suicidal adventure with no help coming from any quarters. They spent their life savings to obtain large masses of waste ore from a nearby mine, and they began the monumental task. They spent four years, during which Marie lost 5 pounds, purifying and repurifying the ore into small amounts of radium, say, about 0.1 gram. Marie Curie wrote her doctoral dissertation on the subject in 1903, for which she, Pierre and Henri Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in physics that year. In 1906, two years after receiving an appointment as professor of physics at the Sorbonne, Pierre Curie was run over by a horse-drawn truck at the age of 47. Marie was appointed in his place and she became the first woman to teach physics at the Sorbonne. Eight years after Pierre's death (1914), she received another Nobel for her discovery of two new elements, viz. Polonium and Radium, this time in chemistry and this time alone, Pierre - her partner and collaborator - no longer at her side. Years later, in 1935 to be precise, their daughter Irene and her husband Frederic Joliot-Curie - the second husband and wife team - were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.158609390258789, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "Nobel Prizes awarded for work with radioactivity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.512937068939209, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" }, { "answer": "Radioactivity", "passage": "The discovery of radioactivity brought about a revolution in our conceptiual understanding of the matter and found applications various fields of human activity. Here is a list of Nobel Prizes awarded for work with radioactivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.226259708404541, "source": "search", "title": "Antoine-Henri Becquerel - Vigyan Prasar" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Bobby Darrin", "Bobby Darren", "Gyp the Cat", "Robert Cassotto", "Bobby Darin", "Bobby darin", "The Rinky Dinks", "Bobby daren", "Walden Robert Cassotto" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "gyp cat", "bobby daren", "bobby darren", "rinky dinks", "bobby darrin", "walden robert cassotto", "robert cassotto", "bobby darin" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "bobby darin", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Bobby Darin" }

[ { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic was one of the first independent labels to make recordings in stereo: Dowd used a portable stereo recorder which ran simultaneously with the studio's existing mono recorder. In 1953 (according to Billboard) Atlantic was the first label to issue commercial LPs recorded in the early, experimental stereo system called binaural recording. In this system, recordings were made using two microphones, spaced at approximately the distance between the human ears, and the left and right channels were cut as two separate, parallel grooves, although playing them back required a player with a special tone-arm fitted with dual needles; it was not until around 1958 that the single stylus microgroove system (in which the two stereo channels were cut into either side of a single groove) became the industry standard. By the late 1950s stereo LPs and record players were being introduced into the marketplace. Atlantic's early stereo recordings included \"Lover's Question\" by Clyde McPhatter, \"What Am I Living For\" by Chuck Willis, \"I Cried a Tear\" by LaVern Baker, \"Splish Splash\" by Bobby Darin, \"Yakety Yak\" by the Coasters and \"What'd I Say\" by Ray Charles. Although these were primarily 45rpm mono singles for much of the 1950s Dowd stockpiled his \"parallel\" stereo takes for future release. In 1968 the label issued History of Rhythm and Blues, Volume 4 (Atlantic SD-8164) in stereo and the stereo versions of Ray Charles \"What'd I Say\" and \"Night Time is the Right Time\" were also included on the Atlantic anthology The Birth Of Soul: The Complete Atlantic Rhythm & Blues Recordings, 1952–1959. ", "precise_score": -0.7569562196731567, "rough_score": -2.0467782020568848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic's New York studio was also the first in America to install multitrack recording machines, developed by the Ampex company. Bobby Darin's \"Splish, Splash\" was the first song to be recorded on 8-track recorder whereas it was not until the mid-1960s that multitrackers became the norm in recording studios and EMI's Abbey Road Studios did not install 8-track facilities until 1968. ", "precise_score": -0.03460143506526947, "rough_score": -3.4188802242279053, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "In 1980 Atco's visibility rose with strong chart performances from Pete Townshend's Empty Glass album and the song \"Cars\" by Gary Numan. The last number one hit on Atco was \"If Wishes Came True\" by Sweet Sensation in 1990. In 1991, Sylvia Rhone merged Atco with Atlantic's fledgling EastWest Records America label and briefly operated the combination as Atco–East West Records America. By 1994, the Atco name was dropped and the label continued operating as EastWest Records America, which then switched to sister label Elektra Records for distribution. Since then, the Atco name and logo appeared only on reissues of old material through Elektra. As of mid-2005, its most recent release (in a joint venture with Rhino Records) was the soundtrack of the Bobby Darin biopic Beyond the Sea, which starred Kevin Spacey and featured his renditions of Darin's songs.", "precise_score": 3.523378610610962, "rough_score": 4.250773906707764, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atco Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "By 1957, recording technology had reached the point that stereo tape had been available for years, and it was only a matter of months before stereo on vinyl was a reality. Atlantic was one of the first independents to record in stereo, using a portable stereo machine to record multitrack tapes at the same time the mono recordings were being made. Some of the early stereo hits were \"Lover's Question\" by Clyde McPhatter, \"What Am I Living For\" by Chuck Willis, \"I Cried a Tear\" by LaVern Baker, \"Splish Splash\" by Bobby Darin, \"Yakety Yak\" by the Coasters, \"What'd I Say\" by Ray Charles, along with many others. The stereo versions of these hits, for the most part, remained unreleased until 1968, when a fabulous stereo album called History of Rhythm and Blues, Volume 4 [Atlantic SD-8164] unveiled them for the first time.", "precise_score": -0.532359778881073, "rough_score": -3.359473705291748, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Herb Abramson signed Bobby Darin to the Atco label and produced several songs that had little success. He was on the verge of dropping him when Darin approached Ahmet Ertegun and asked to record a song he had written that Herb refused to use. Ahmet agreed, and Darin had an immediate smash hit with \"Splish Splash.\" Bobby Darin was the first pop act for Atlantic Records. When Darin recorded the Sinatra-styled \"Mack the Knife\" and \"Beyond the Sea\" and both became big hits, Darin moved from his teen idol status to a mainstream pop singing star.", "precise_score": 3.7700798511505127, "rough_score": 0.10011284798383713, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic was one of the first independent labels to make recordings in stereo: Dowd used a portable stereo recorder which ran simultaneously with the studio's existing mono recorder. In 1953 (according to Billboard) Atlantic was the first label to issue commercial LPs recorded in the early, experimental stereo system called binaural recording . In this system, recordings were made using two microphones, spaced at approximately the distance between the human ears, and the left and right channels were cut as two separate, parallel grooves, although playing them back required a player with a special tone-arm fitted with dual needles; it was not until around 1958 that the single stylus microgroove system (in which the two stereo channels were cut into either side of a single groove) became the industry standard. [16] By the late 1950s stereo LPs and record players were being introduced into the marketplace. Atlantic's early stereo recordings included \"Lover's Question\" by Clyde McPhatter, \"What Am I Living For\" by Chuck Willis, \"I Cried a Tear\" by LaVern Baker, \"Splish Splash\" by Bobby Darin, \"Yakety Yak\" by the Coasters and \"What'd I Say\" by Ray Charles. Although these were primarily 45rpm mono singles for much of the 1950s Dowd stockpiled his \"parallel\" stereo takes for future release. In 1968 the label issued History of Rhythm and Blues, Volume 4 (Atlantic SD-8164) in stereo and the stereo versions of Ray Charles \"What'd I Say\" and \"Night Time is the Right Time\" were also included on the Atlantic anthology The Birth Of Soul: The Complete Atlantic Rhythm & Blues Recordings, 1952–1959.", "precise_score": -0.818777322769165, "rough_score": -1.8068461418151855, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ..." }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "A new subsidiary label, Atco Records, was established in 1955 as an effort to keep Abramson involved. East West was founded in September 1957; it initially concentrated on singles and featured an \"across the board\" roster of pop, rock & roll, rhythm & blues and rockabilly artists and its first releases were by Jay Holliday, Johnny Houston and The Glowtones. After a slow start, Atco had considerable success with The Coasters and Bobby Darin. Darin's early releases had not been successful and Abramson planned to drop him, but Ertegun offered him another chance, and the session he produced yielded \"Splish Splash\", which Darin had written in 12 minutes and which sold 100,000 copies in the first month and became a million-seller. During 1958-59 Darin's \"Queen of the Hop\" made the Top 10 on both the US pop and R&B charts and also charted in the UK, \"Dream Lover\", a multi-million seller, reached #2 in the USA and became a UK #1, and \"Mack the Knife\" (August 1959) went to #1 in both the US and the UK, sold over 2 million copies and won the 1960 Grammy Award for 'Record of the Year'. \"Beyond the Sea\", an English-language version of the Charles Trenet hit \"La Mer\", became his fourth consecutive US/UK Top 10 hit. Darin later signed with Capitol Records and left for Hollywood to begin a movie career although Atco continued to score hits into 1962 with tracks already in the can, including \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" and \"Things\". Darin returned to Atlantic in 1965. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9502599239349365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Phil Spector had learned the basics of record production working for Lester Sill and Lee Hazlewood's Trey Records label (which was distributed by Atlantic) in California in the late 1950s. At Sill's recommendation, he returned to New York to work for Leiber and Stoller in early 1960. Leiber and Stoller assigned him to produce Ray Peterson's \"Corrine, Corrina\" and Curtis Lee's \"Pretty Little Angel Eyes\" (released on Peterson's Dunes Records label), both of which became hits. As a result, Atlantic signed him as a staff producer, though his difficult personality was already evident, and Ahmet Ertegun was reportedly the only Atlantic executive who liked him. Leiber later remarked, \"He wasn't likeable. He was funny, he was amusing - but he wasn't nice.\" Wexler reportedly had no time for him and Miriam Bienstock, in her typically blunt fashion, described Spector's erratic behavior \"insane\" and considered him \"a pain in the neck\". When Ertegun took Spector to meet Bobby Darin, he openly criticized Darin's songwriting, with the result that Darin had him thrown out of the house. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.62199592590332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic was doing so well in early 1959 that some scheduled releases were held back and the company enjoyed two successive months of gross sales of over $1 million that summer, thanks to hits by The Coasters, The Drifters, LaVern Baker, Ray Charles, Bobby Darin and Clyde McPhatter However, only months later the company was reeling from the successive loss of its two biggest artists, Bobby Darin and Ray Charles, who together accounted for one third of sales. Darin, who moved to the Los Angeles area, signed with Capitol Records. Charles signed a deal with ABC-Paramount Records in November 1959 that reportedly included increased royalties, a production deal, profit-sharing and eventual ownership of his master tapes. Wexler later commented; \"It was very grim. I thought we were going to die\" and Ertegun in 1990 disputed whether Charles had received the promised benefits. It led to a permanent rift between Charles and his former colleagues, although Ertegun remained good friends with Darin who returned to Atlantic in 1966. Charles returned to Atlantic in 1977. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.576462745666504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic (and the world) suffered a catastrophic loss in February 1978 when a fire destroyed most of its tape archive, which had been stored in a non-air-conditioned warehouse in Long Branch, New Jersey. Although master tapes of the material in Atlantic's released back catalog fortunately survived due to being stored in New York, the fire destroyed or damaged an estimated 5000-6000 reels of tape, including virtually all of the company's unreleased master tapes, alternate takes, rehearsal tapes and session multi-tracks recorded between 1948 and 1969. Atlantic was one of the first labels to record in stereo; many of the tapes that were lost were stereo 'alternates' recorded in the late 1940s and 1950s (which Atlantic routinely taped simultaneously with the mono versions until the 1960s) as well as almost all of the 8-track multitrack masters recorded by Tom Dowd in the 1950s and 1960s. According to Billboard journalist Bill Holland, news of the fire was kept quiet, and one Atlantic staffer who spoke to Holland reported that he did not find out about it until a year later. Fortunately, reissue producers and archivists subsequently located some tapes that were at first presumed 'lost', but which had survived because they had evidently been removed from the New Jersey archive years earlier and not returned. During the compilation of the Rhino-Atlantic John Coltrane boxed set, producer Joel Dorn located supposedly destroyed outtakes from Coltrane's seminal 1959 album Giant Steps, plus other treasures including Bobby Darin's original Atco demo of \"Dream Lover\" (with Fred Neil playing guitar). Atlantic archivists have since rediscovered other 'lost' material including unreleased masters, alternate takes and rehearsal tapes by Ray Charles, Van \"Piano Man\" Walls, Ornette Coleman, Lennie Tristano and Lee Konitz. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.014447212219238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atco's rock era began with Bobby Darin and The Coasters. In the early 1960s Atlantic began to license material from international sources, leading to instrumental hit singles from Jorgen Ingmann, Acker Bilk, and Bent Fabric. Starting in the mid-1960s, Atco moved into rock and roll with Sonny and Cher, Buffalo Springfield, Vanilla Fudge, and Cream.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.951442241668701, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atco Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "* Bobby Darin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.436602592468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Atco Records" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atco proved to be a profitable venture with the Coasters and Bobby Darin as artists, but even the establishment of the Atco label failed to solve the problems between Herb Abramson and Ahmet. The last straw came when the partners decided to replace Abramson as President of Atlantic with Ahmet Ertegun. This precipitated a walkout by Herb, and after protracted negotiations, his ownership share in Atlantic was bought out in December, 1958, for $300,000. Shortly thereafter, the stock owned by Miriam Bienstock (formerly Abramson) and the silent partner Dr. Sabit was purchased, leaving Atlantic with just three owners, Ahmet Ertegun, Jerry Wexler and Nesuhi Ertegun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.231478691101074, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "In the early '60s, Atlantic was hit with the loss of Ray Charles to ABC-Paramount and Bobby Darin to Capitol. Darin and Charles together accounted for a third of Atlantic's revenue. Luckily for Atlantic, in the fall of 1961, Solomon Burke showed up at Jerry Wexler's office unannounced. Wexler was a fan of Solomon Burke and had wanted to sign him earlier, but found he was under contract to Apollo Records. When Solomon showed up and told Wexler his Apollo contract was up, Jerry told him \"You're home. I'm signing you today\". The first song Wexler produced with Burke was the country and western song \"Just Out of Reach\" which became a big hit in September, 1961. Burke's foray into C&W predated Ray Charles by more than 6 months, who recorded \"I Can't Stop Loving You\" in 1962. Solomon was a consistent big seller and had many hits on Atlantic into 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.303887844085693, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "By the time Herb Abramson returned from the Army in 1955, Jerry Wexler had physically and psychically taken over his role at the company. Rather than break up their studio partnership, Ahmet put Abramson in charge of a subsidiary label, Atco, and gave him the Coasters and a young piano player named Bobby Darin to work with. By then, Atlantic had moved to a brownstone at 234 West 56th Street. Pushing back the desks at night, Ahmet and Jerry would record in a room with a creaking floor, a sloping ceiling with a skylight in the middle and a young genius named Tom Dowd, who was studying nuclear physics, behind the board. Using the third eight-track recording machine ever made, for which he invented faders to replace the knobs, Dowd recorded “Save the Last Dance for Me” by the Drifters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.0478925704956055, "source": "search", "title": "Ahmet Ertegun | Atlantic Records | American Masters | PBS" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Having failed to produce a hit with Bobby Darin, and feeling as though his time at Atlantic had come to an end, Herb Abramson left the company in 1958. Cash-poor, Ahmet and Wexler managed to raise enough money to buy out Vahdi Sabit. In return for his $10,000 investment in Atlantic, he received between $2.5 million and $3 million, quit dentistry and moved to the South of France. Ahmet and Jerry also bought out Miriam Abramson, thereby making themselves and Nesuhi the sole owners of Atlantic Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.024112701416016, "source": "search", "title": "Ahmet Ertegun | Atlantic Records | American Masters | PBS" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "When Ahmet learned that Bobby Darin was thinking about leaving the label, he took him into the studio in May 1958 and cut “Splish Splash” and “Queen of the Hop,” both of which became big hits because Ahmet wanted Darin to aim his music squarely at the kids who watched American Bandstand on TV each day. Ahmet’s great success with Darin led him to Los Angeles, where he began looking for lucrative pop acts. Concerning the early years at Atlantic, Wexler would later write, “We weren’t looking for canonization; we lusted for hits. Hits were the cash flow, the lifeblood, the heavenly ichor – the wherewithal of survival.” Nonetheless, he found it hard to adjust to the company’s new direction. “As Ahmet grew older,” Wexler wrote, “he grew less judgmental and more interested in a wide range of commercial forms, especially white rock & roll. I stayed with what I knew and loved.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.373576641082764, "source": "search", "title": "Ahmet Ertegun | Atlantic Records | American Masters | PBS" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "And while the fabulous manner in which he chose to live caused all those with whom he came into contact to love him madly, the real reason Ahmet will be remembered is because by dedicating his life to rhythm and blues, rock and roll, jump and swing, and every form of jazz, from Ruth Brown, Big Joe Turner and Ray Charles to the Drifters and Bobby Darin to Buffalo Springfield, Cream, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Phil Collins, Tori Amos, Kid Rock, and Gnarls Barkley, Ahmet Ertegun gave people all over the world, many of whom still do not know his name, the soundtrack of their lives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8463134765625, "source": "search", "title": "Ahmet Ertegun | Atlantic Records | American Masters | PBS" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "SD-8121 - The Shadow of Your Smile - Bobby Darin [1966] The Shadow of Your Smile/The Sweetheart Tree/I Will Wait For You/The Ballad of Cat Ballou/What's New Pussycat?//Rainin'/Lover Come Back to Me/Cute/After You've Gone/It's Only a Paper Moon/Liza", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.291873931884766, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 4" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "SD-8126 - In a Broadway Bag - Bobby Darin [1966] Mame/I Believe in You/It's Today/Everybody Has the Right to Be Wrong/Feeling Good/Don't Rain on My Parade//The Other Half of Me/Once Upon a Time/Try to Remember/I'll Only Miss Her When I Think of Her/Night Song", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.244888305664062, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 4" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "SD-8135 - If I Were a Carpenter - Bobby Darin [1966] (2-67, #142) If I Were a Carpenter/Reason to Believe/Sittin' Here Lovin' You/Misty Roses/Until It's Time For You To Go/For Baby//The Girl That Stood Beside Me/Red Balloon/Amy/Don't Make Promises/Day Dream", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31891918182373, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 4" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "SD-8142 - Inside Out - Bobby Darin [1967] The Lady Came From Baltimore/Darling Be Home Soon/Bes' Friends/I Am/About You/I Think It's Gonna Rain Today//What Ever Happened to Happy/Black Sheep Boy/Hello Sunshine/Lady Fingers/Back Street Girl", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140392303466797, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 4" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "SD-8154 - Bobby Darin Sings Dr. Doolittle - Bobby Darin [1967] At the Crossroads/When I Look In Your Eyes/I Think I Like You/Where Are the Words/Something In Your Smile//Fabulous Places/My Friend, the Doctor/Beautiful Things/After Today/Talk to the Animals", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18978500366211, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 4" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "SD-8164 - History of Rhythm & Blues, Volume 4: The Big Beat 1958-60 - Various Artists [1968] (4-68, #180) Yakety Yak - Coasters (S)/Splish Splash - Bobby Darin (S)/A Lover's Question - Clyde McPhatter (S)/I Cried A Tear - La Vern Baker (S)/Charlie Brown - Coasters (S, alternate take)/There Goes My Baby - Drifters (E)/What'd I Say - Ray Charles (S)//Poison Ivy - Coasters (S)/(If You Cry) True Love, True Love - Drifters (S)/Dance With Me - Drifters (S)/This Magic Moment - Drifters (S)/Save The Last Dance For Me - Drifters (S)/Spanish Harlem - Ben E. King (S)/Gee Whiz - Carla Thomas (E)/I Count The Tears - Drifters (S)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.88958740234375, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Album Discography, Part 4" }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic's New York studio was also the first in America to install multitrack recording machines, developed by the Ampex company. Bobby Darin's \"Splish, Splash\" was the first song to be recorded on 8-track recorder whereas it was not until the mid-1960s that multitrackers became the norm in recording studios and EMI's Abbey Road Studios did not install 8-track facilities until 1968. [5]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4554238319396973, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ..." }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "A new subsidiary label, Atco Records , was established in 1955 as an effort to keep Abramson involved. East West was founded in September 1957; it initially concentrated on singles and featured an \"across the board\" roster of pop, rock & roll, rhythm & blues and rockabilly artists [6] and its first releases were by Jay Holliday, Johnny Houston and The Glowtones. After a slow start, Atco had considerable success with The Coasters and Bobby Darin . Darin's early releases had not been successful and Abramson planned to drop him, but Ertegun offered him another chance, and the session he produced yielded \" Splish Splash \", which Darin had written in 12 minutes and which sold 100,000 copies in the first month and became a million-seller. During 1958-59 Darin's \"Queen of the Hop\" made the Top 10 on both the US pop and R&B charts and also charted in the UK, \" Dream Lover \", a multi-million seller, reached #2 in the USA and became a UK #1, and \" Mack the Knife \" (August 1959) went to #1 in both the US and the UK, sold over 2 million copies and won the 1960 Grammy Award for 'Record of the Year'. \" Beyond the Sea \", an English-language version of the Charles Trenet hit \" La Mer \", became his fourth consecutive US/UK Top 10 hit. Darin later signed with Capitol Records and left for Hollywood to begin a movie career although Atco continued to score hits into 1962 with tracks already in the can, including \" You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby \" and \" Things \". Darin returned to Atlantic in 1965. [6]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.352748870849609, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ..." }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Phil Spector had learned the basics of record production working for Lester Sill and Lee Hazlewood 's Trey Records label (which was distributed by Atlantic) in California in the late 1950s. At Sill's recommendation, he returned to New York to work for Leiber and Stoller in early 1960. Leiber and Stoller assigned him to produce Ray Peterson 's \"Corrine, Corrina\" and Curtis Lee's \"Pretty Little Angel Eyes\" (released on Peterson's Dunes Records label), both of which became hits. As a result, Atlantic signed him as a staff producer, though his difficult personality was already evident, and Ahmet Ertegun was reportedly the only Atlantic executive who liked him. Leiber later remarked, \"He wasn't likeable. He was funny, he was amusing - but he wasn't nice.\" Wexler reportedly had no time for him and Miriam Bienstock, in her typically blunt fashion, described Spector's erratic behavior \"insane\" and considered him \"a pain in the neck\". When Ertegun took Spector to meet Bobby Darin, he openly criticized Darin's songwriting, with the result that Darin had him thrown out of the house.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.62199592590332, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ..." }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic was doing so well in early 1959 that some scheduled releases were held back and the company enjoyed two successive months of gross sales of over $1 million that summer, thanks to hits by The Coasters, The Drifters, LaVern Baker, Ray Charles, Bobby Darin and Clyde McPhatter However, only months later the company was reeling from the successive loss of its two biggest artists, Bobby Darin and Ray Charles, who together accounted for one third of sales. Darin, who moved to the Los Angeles area, signed with Capitol Records . Charles signed a deal with ABC-Paramount Records in November 1959 that reportedly included increased royalties, a production deal, profit-sharing and eventual ownership of his master tapes. Wexler later commented; \"It was very grim. I thought we were going to die\" and Ertegun in 1990 disputed whether Charles had received the promised benefits. It led to a permanent rift between Charles and his former colleagues, although Ertegun remained good friends with Darin who returned to Atlantic in 1966. Charles returned to Atlantic in 1977. [28]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.590141296386719, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ..." }, { "answer": "Bobby Darin", "passage": "Atlantic (and the world) suffered a catastrophic loss in February 1978 when a fire destroyed most of its tape archive, which had been stored in a non-air-conditioned warehouse in Long Branch, New Jersey . Although master tapes of the material in Atlantic's released back catalog fortunately survived due to being stored in New York, the fire destroyed or damaged an estimated 5000-6000 reels of tape, including virtually all of the company's unreleased master tapes, alternate takes, rehearsal tapes and session multi-tracks recorded between 1948 and 1969. Atlantic was one of the first labels to record in stereo; many of the tapes that were lost were stereo 'alternates' recorded in the late 1940s and 1950s (which Atlantic routinely taped simultaneously with the mono versions until the 1960s) as well as almost all of the 8-track multitrack masters recorded by Tom Dowd in the 1950s and 1960s. According to Billboard journalist Bill Holland, news of the fire was kept quiet, and one Atlantic staffer who spoke to Holland reported that he did not find out about it until a year later. Fortunately, reissue producers and archivists subsequently located some tapes that were at first presumed 'lost', but which had survived because they had evidently been removed from the New Jersey archive years earlier and not returned. During the compilation of the Rhino-Atlantic John Coltrane boxed set, producer Joel Dorn located supposedly destroyed outtakes from Coltrane's seminal 1959 album Giant Steps , plus other treasures including Bobby Darin 's original Atco demo of \" Dream Lover \" (with Fred Neil playing guitar). Atlantic archivists have since rediscovered other 'lost' material including unreleased masters, alternate takes and rehearsal tapes by Ray Charles, Van \"Piano Man\" Walls , Ornette Coleman , Lennie Tristano and Lee Konitz . [39]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.995826244354248, "source": "search", "title": "Atlantic Records | Wiki | Everipedia, the encyclopedia of ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Oscar Wild", "Flahertie", "C. 3. 3. 3", "Oscar Wilde", "O'Flahertie", "C. 3. 3. 3.", "O Wilde", "Oscar O'Flahertie Wills Wilde", "Oscar O'flaherty Wilde", "Oscar wilde", "Sebastian Melmoth", "Oscar Fingal O'Flaherty Wills Wilde", "Theocritus: a villanelle", "Oscar Wilde/Biblio", "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde", "Cyril Wilde" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "o flahertie", "theocritus villanelle", "flahertie", "oscar wilde biblio", "oscar fingal o flahertie wills wilde", "o wilde", "oscar fingal o flaherty wills wilde", "oscar wilde", "oscar o flaherty wilde", "c 3 3 3", "sebastian melmoth", "oscar o flahertie wills wilde", "oscar wild", "cyril wilde" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "oscar wilde", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Oscar Wilde" }

[ { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin (now home of the Oscar Wilde Centre, Trinity College), the second of three children born to Sir William Wilde and Jane Wilde, two years behind William (\"Willie\"). Wilde's mother, under the pseudonym \"Speranza\" (the Italian word for 'Hope'), wrote poetry for the revolutionary Young Irelanders in 1848 and was a lifelong Irish nationalist. She read the Young Irelanders' poetry to Oscar and Willie, inculcating a love of these poets in her sons. Lady Wilde's interest in the neo-classical revival showed in the paintings and busts of ancient Greece and Rome in her home. William Wilde was Ireland's leading oto-ophthalmologic (ear and eye) surgeon and was knighted in 1864 for his services as medical adviser and assistant commissioner to the censuses of Ireland. He also wrote books about Irish archaeology and peasant folklore. A renowned philanthropist, his dispensary for the care of the city's poor at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road. On his father's side Wilde was descended from a Dutchman, Colonel de Wilde, who went to Ireland with King William of Orange's invading army in 1690. On his mother's side Wilde's ancestors included a bricklayer from County Durham who emigrated to Ireland sometime in the 1770s. ", "precise_score": -10.757758140563965, "rough_score": -10.458675384521484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "He spent his last three years in impoverished exile. He took the name \"Sebastian Melmoth\", after Saint Sebastian, and the titular character of Melmoth the Wanderer; a Gothic novel by Charles Maturin, Wilde's great-uncle. Wilde wrote two long letters to the editor of the Daily Chronicle, describing the brutal conditions of English prisons and advocating penal reform. His discussion of the dismissal of Warder Martin for giving biscuits to an anaemic child prisoner, repeated the themes of the corruption and degeneration of punishment that he had earlier outlined in The Soul of Man Under Socialism. ", "precise_score": 3.7468063831329346, "rough_score": 4.9302215576171875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde spent mid-1897 with Robert Ross in the seaside village of Berneval-le-Grand in northern France, where he wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol, narrating the execution of Charles Thomas Wooldridge, who murdered his wife in a rage at her infidelity; it moves from an objective story-telling to symbolic identification with the prisoners as a whole. No attempt is made to assess the justice of the laws which convicted them, but rather the poem highlights the brutalisation of the punishment that all convicts share. Wilde juxtaposes the executed man and himself with the line \"Yet each man kills the thing he loves\". Wilde too was separated from his wife and sons. He adopted the proletarian ballad form, and the author was credited as \"C33\", Wilde's cell number in Reading Gaol. He suggested that it be published in Reynold's Magazine, \"because it circulates widely among the criminal classes – to which I now belong – for once I will be read by my peers – a new experience for me\". It was an immediate roaring commercial success, going through seven editions in less than two years, only after which \"[Oscar Wilde]\" was added to the title page, though many in literary circles had known Wilde to be the author. It brought him a little money.", "precise_score": -11.016142845153809, "rough_score": -10.508587837219238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Neil McKenna's 2003 biography, The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, offers an exploration of Wilde's sexuality. Often speculative in nature, it was widely criticised for its pure conjecture and lack of scholarly rigour. Thomas Wright's Oscar's Books (2008) explores Wilde's reading from his childhood in Dublin to his death in Paris. After tracking down many books that once belonged to Wilde's Tite Street library (dispersed at the time of his trials), Wright was the first to examine Wilde's marginalia.", "precise_score": -10.187178611755371, "rough_score": -10.600796699523926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's charm also had a lasting effect on Parisian literati, who produced several original biographies and monographs on him. André Gide, on whom Wilde had such a strange effect, wrote, In Memoriam, Oscar Wilde; Wilde also features in his journals. Thomas Louis, who had earlier translated books on Wilde into French, produced his own L'esprit d'Oscar Wilde in 1920. Modern books include Philippe Jullian's Oscar Wilde, and L'affaire Oscar Wilde, ou, Du danger de laisser la justice mettre le nez dans nos draps (The Oscar Wilde Affair, or, On the Danger of Allowing Justice to put its Nose in our Sheets) by Odon Vallet, a French religious historian. ", "precise_score": -9.532379150390625, "rough_score": -10.075662612915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "The playwright received the harshest penalty afforded by law for such a crime. The judge sentenced Wilde to two years of hard labor in Reading Prison. Afterwards, his creative energy waned. Although he did write the famous poem, “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” his career as London’s celebrated playwright had come to an abrupt end. He lived in a hotel in Paris, adopting the assumed name, Sebastian Melmoth. Most of his friends no longer associated with Wilde. Afflicted with cerebral meningitis, he died three years after his prison term, impoverished. One friend, Reginald Turner, remained loyal. He was there by Wilde’s side when the playwright passed away.", "precise_score": 6.323927402496338, "rough_score": 4.581387996673584, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Flahertie", "passage": "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born on October 16, 1854, in Dublin, Ireland. He later dropped the three middle names, stating that his entire name was much too long for someone who would be as famous as he. As late as his college days, however, he signed his contributions to the Trinity College classical magazine Kottabos with the initials \"O. F. O. F. W. W.\" Wilde would spend his life daring to be different.", "precise_score": -10.9227933883667, "rough_score": -10.624554634094238, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "Constance, Wilde's wife, died April 7, 1898. They had two sons, Cyril (born June 5, 1885) and Vyvyan (born November 5, 1886). Wilde's wife changed her name and that of her sons to \"Holland\" in September 1895 because of her husband's trials and imprisonment. She ultimately decided against divorce but moved the boys out of England. Wilde spent the last three and a half years of his life in Europe, living under the assumed name of Sebastian Melmoth. An ancestor on his mother's side, Charles Maturin, had written a successful novel called Melmoth the Wanderer, and Wilde did seem restless and lost in his final years. The trials and prison time had ruined him. He died bankrupt in a Paris hotel on November 30, 1900, at the age of forty-six, receiving the rites of the Roman Catholic Church. A Latin phrase, from the Book of Job, is inscribed on his tombstone: Verbis meis addere nihil audebant et super illos stillebat eloquium meum — \"To my words they dare add nothing, and my speech fell upon them.\"", "precise_score": 5.902510643005371, "rough_score": 4.954006671905518, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "As I write in the essay, �Wilde�s exile, though certainly compromised by poverty, personal struggles, and professional humiliation, nonetheless afforded him the pleasure of the spectacle of revolution [. . .], the subversive victory of Wilde-as-�Sebastian Melmoth�.�� As �a walking, talking, text-to-be-read,� Wilde functioned as �a kind of embodied narrative, a corporeal code,� and his exilic pseudonym �operate[d . . .] as a screen upon which an entire constellation [. . .] of fin-de-si�cle anxieties� appeared.� In both person and experience, the exilic Wilde �embodied the conditions of excess that framed the nineteenth century�the excesses of the French Revolution and their textual embodiment in the form of the Gothic, and the excesses of fin-de-si�cle decadence and their corporeal embodiment in the figure of Wilde himself.�� For me, Wilde stands as a nexus of two forms, the textual and the corporeal, that offer occasions and opportunities for subversion.", "precise_score": -9.483744621276855, "rough_score": -10.274016380310059, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "In Wilde, subversion took a radically personal form, as did its consequences (legal prosecution and lifelong excoriation), but in the century since, as Julia Wood writes in The Resurrection of Oscar Wilde:� A Cultural Afterlife (The Lutterworth Press, 2007), Wilde has continued to be resurrected and rehabilitated as a symbol for the perils and pains of difference�and as a figurehead for their larger effects in a broadening and increasingly tolerant culture. Collectively, the work of Wilde scholars in the past decade or so has encouraged us to see Wilde differently; in looking back at the last few years of Wilde�s life, we may consider anew the opportunities for subversion �Sebastian Melmoth� made possible.� The lessons of Wilde�s life are many; the lessons of his exilic years, I believe, have yet to be truly understood and appreciated.", "precise_score": -9.51918888092041, "rough_score": -10.178902626037598, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "has provided unfailing intellectual and financial support for these efforts, for which I remain very grateful.� Equally importantly, my time here at UNI has given me the chance to work with a number of extraordinarily gifted undergraduate and graduate students, whose questions, insights, and essays have taught me much about the playwright whose work I so admire.� It is, then, to my students, with great admiration and sincere affection, that I dedicate the republication of ��Sebastian Melmoth�:� Wilde�s Parisian Exile as the Spectacle of Sexual, Textual Revolution.�", "precise_score": -5.245491027832031, "rough_score": -10.519332885742188, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "II.                 \"Sebastian Melmoth\": Wilde's Parisian Exile as the Spectacle of Sexual, Textual Revolution.", "precise_score": 1.930406093597412, "rough_score": 3.970764636993408, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "����������� Wilde's oft-repeated \"deathbed\" remark, \"Either the curtains go, or I do,\" reminds us of the writer's lifelong association with �stheticism, his appreciation for beauty.� In truth, Wilde's remark preceded his death by about a month,( 1 ) when he did indeed disparage the decor of his embarrassingly thrifty rooms in the H�tel D'Alsace, rooms whose ambiance dramatically lowered the standards to which Wilde had become accustomed long before his sudden fall from success and his imprisonment in Reading Gaol, where he served two years hard labor in punishment for acts of \"gross indecency.\"� Wilde's clever remark nevertheless figures as an important paratext for the final phase of his life, for his anxiety over the decor of his last room metonymizes the whole history of Wilde's retreat into exile following his release from prison in 1897.� Rather than following other critics in dismissing Wilde's final years as completely devoid of artistic or personal meaning, I want instead to chart the ways in which Wilde's Parisian exile demonstrates a revolutionary impulse even amidst the dramatic decline of the writer's tragically abbreviated life; specifically, I want to unravel the threads of meaning woven throughout Wilde's exilic pseudonym, \"Sebastian Melmoth,\" in order to demonstrate how that name functions as a code for the revolutionary.( 2 )", "precise_score": -3.9230716228485107, "rough_score": -5.862734317779541, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": ", that prototypical nineteenth-century site of Revolutionary excess, where, like a criminal, he adopted an assumed name, an alias:� \"Sebastian Melmoth.\"� Even before leaving prison, Wilde remarked on his investment in the processes of naming; lamenting in De Profundis the shame his actions brought upon his family and his country, Wilde anticipates his decision to contrive an alias and to abandon the country, clearly in an effort to leave behind the name and the nation he has already so besmirched:", "precise_score": 3.551378011703491, "rough_score": 4.054707050323486, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The passage effectively announces Wilde's disinclination to review the history of his disgrace and shame; more importantly, the passage anticipates Wilde's decision to abandon both the name �and the nation that witnessed his decline.� In assuming an alias and in moving away from England, Wilde's desire not to record the history of his downfall will, he hopes, be realized, and indeed, in France, \"Sebastian Melmoth\" would find what Oscar Wilde lost in England�freedom, contentment, and some measure of self-respect.", "precise_score": 0.008956477977335453, "rough_score": -4.2733049392700195, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "����������� More generally, the significance of Wilde's alias resonates on the broader levels of politics, history, art, and identity formation.� \"Sebastian Melmoth\" imbricates two nineteenth-century manifestations of revolution by conjoining a code for an emerging identity, the homosexual (suggested by the name \"Sebastian\"), and shorthand for a style of writing, the Gothic (suggested by the name \"Melmoth,\" the title character of the 1820 Gothic novel Melmoth the Wanderer, an enormously popular work penned by Wilde's great uncle, Charles Robert Maturin).� Wilde's alias calls to mind both the textual strategy that marked early nineteenth-century responses to the French Revolution and the notorious lifestyle that galvanized fin-de-si�cle discourse as the site and the sight�the space and the spectacle�of an erotic revolution that threatened to return the world to the chaos of another Great Terror.� As we shall see, Wilde's fin-de-si�cle self-exile conflates a revolutionary identity and a revolutionary literary style, so that in retreating into infamy, Wilde-as-\"Sebastian Melmoth\" embodies a complex hybrid of nineteenth-century manifestations of subversion, dissent, and chaos�in short, the fabric of revolution.( 3 )", "precise_score": 0.09282855689525604, "rough_score": 0.3073885440826416, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "In private conversation, Wilde observed that he could not possibly out-live the fin-de-si�cle culture which he came to symbolize:� three months before his death, Wilde remarked that \"'If another century began, and I [were] still alive, . . . it would really be more than the English could stand'\" (qtd. in Coakley 215).� But the twentieth century nonetheless kept alive Wilde's spirit�or his demon, as many might have disparaged it�as a symbolic embodiment of the outcast, the \"other\":� much like the Spaniard of Melmoth the Wanderer, upon whose presence �[a]ll order is broken, all discipline subverted� (Maturin 162), �[i]ntellectual, artistic and erotic life in the years leading up to World War I was lived in the shadow of the Oscar Wilde debacle,\" writes historian Ian Young, for \"[t]he persecution of Wilde served to frighten and mute intellectual and sexual heretics for decades\" (264).� Wilde's symbolic life extends even beyond the death of the writer's physical body, too; in late twentieth-century, pop-culture references to Wilde still conjure the specter of homosexuality, whether in covert affiliations with \"the love that dare not speak its name\" or as an epithet of derision.( 4 )", "precise_score": -8.087162971496582, "rough_score": -9.207719802856445, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "����������� William A. Cohen observes that at least since the onslaught of the trials of 1895, for Wilde, \" . . . posing had become a particularly literary question, since Wilde was understood [by those in the court] to represent himself�that is, to pose�in his literary persona\" (216).� Of course, such a claim is proven in the records of Wilde's trials, where the author's works were placed in evidence to support the Marquis of Queensberry's charge, notoriously misspelled on the calling card that set off the explosion of the trials, that Wilde was \"posing [as a] Somdomite [sic].\"� For Wilde, \"posing\" named a complicated activity that included both corporeal and textual embodiments, both private life, or pleasures, and public presence, or reputation, conflations which remind us of the ways in which the focus of gossip�its specifically demonized object�figures both corporeally and textually, since, after all, gossip textualizes corporeality.� Wilde, the object of much scandalous speculation, becomes a walking, talking, text-to-be-read, and, as such, he functions as a kind of embodied narrative, a corporeal code.( 8 )� The phenomena linking the narratives�the histories, the tales�of Melmoth and Wilde are uncanny:� Melmoth's imprisonment in a maniac's cell predicts Wilde's own incarceration; Melmoth's suffering under the omnipotence of the Inquisition finds form in Wilde's courtroom examination and exposure; and Melmoth's assumption of false identities results in corporeal decline culminating in death, as does Wilde's.� That Melmoth epitomizes the figure of the Wandering Jew is strikingly appropriate, for, like the Wandering Jew, Wilde-in-exile is a text-to-be-read, a story-to-be-told, and even in his attempts to shield himself in the textual anonymity of an alias, Wilde remained nonetheless a recognized and symbolic�a readable figure:� like the exilic Wilde, Melmoth is marked by \"an indelible stain, like original sin itself\" (Baldick xii), and he becomes \"an existence made up largely of report, reputation, and expectant surmise\" (xvi), a figure whose strongest presence takes the form of absence and whose \"direct presence, corrosive as it is, is not necessary to [the] dissolution of stable identities\" (xvi).� While the pose of \"Sebastian Melmoth\" may have succeeded at the level of the textual, it failed at the level of the corporeal, never effectively covering over the spectacle of Wilde himself, never shielding the sometimes-reluctant celebrity from public view, for Europeans in general never failed to recognize as the defamed celebrity in exile.� In short, Wilde-as-Sebastian Melmoth-as-Wandering Jew suggests the author's centrality to a nineteenth-century literary trope, for the wandering narrator figures prominently from the earliest examples of the Gothic mode, epitomized by Maturin's Melmoth the Wanderer,� throughout the Romantic and Victorian ages and right up to Wilde's own Picture of Dorian Gray, in which the need to tell the secret becomes the undoing not so much of the teller of the tale as of its listeners, its would-be gossips.", "precise_score": -6.241154670715332, "rough_score": -8.999279975891113, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "����������� Just as Wilde's exilic surname textualizes political revolution, his exilic Christian name, \"Sebastian,\" celebrates, rather than declaims, sexual revolution�Wilde's own profligate past.� Most scholars agree that Wilde adopted the name \"Sebastian\" from the Christian martyr, whose appeal to Wilde was three-fold:� first, Saint Sebastian represents a protracted triumph over earthly defeat, or punishment; second, Saint Sebastian affords the viewer a homoerotic pleasure, for he is generally represented as a comely and semi-nude youth; third, Saint Sebastian's arrow-pierced�multiply penetrated�body corporealizes the spectacle of gay male pleasure even as it anticipates Wilde's own body-to-be-clothed in a standard-is", "precise_score": -4.414320468902588, "rough_score": -5.89259672164917, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "prison uniform, which, scored with arrows, textualizes Wilde's body as a criminal site.( 10 )� But in addition to these associations, I want to argue that Wilde's exilic Christian name embeds a variety of meanings beyond the most obvious, which I have described.� For in addition to serving as a corporeally inscribed code for the forces of good and evil, or victory and defeat, the name \"Sebastian\" suggests a kind of border-crossing of its own, just as Wilde's move into exile transports him across the borders of nations.� As Jan B. Gordon has argued, \"[b]y using 'Sebastian' as a prefix, Wilde was perhaps attempting to combine the Hebraic questor without a home with the Hellenic saint, in [a state of] equipoise . . . \" (\"'Decadent Spaces'\" 56).� In Gordon's reading, the name \"Sebastian\" evokes the condition of liminality, within which a variety of apparent oppositions may be resolved.� The image of the martyr is thus mediated by the image of the hero, complicating the apparent status of \"Sebastian\" as victor or vanquished and thereby repeating�textualizing�the paradoxical space the exilic Wilde himself had come to occupy.� Such a mediation reinscribes the formulation of Wilde-as-liminal-as-Gothic, and it returns us to Wilde's sonnet on \"The Grave of Keats,\" in which the ephebic poet is glorified and, in such a state of glory, aligned with the similarly young, similarly beautiful, and similarly tragic Saint Sebastian.", "precise_score": -8.104236602783203, "rough_score": -9.74288558959961, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "Perhaps Wilde�s own exilic flourishing is best exemplified in the sexual relationships he enjoyed after being released from prison:� in addition to a brief though ultimately unhappy reunion with Lord Alfred Douglas, Wilde enjoyed the company of a variety of young men in the years between his release from prison and his death in Paris in 1900.( 11 )� Wilde�s exile, though certainly compromised by poverty, personal struggles, and professional humiliation, nonetheless afforded him the pleasure of the spectacle of revolution�of the attenuated triumph, of the subversive victory of Wilde-as-�Sebastian Melmoth.�", "precise_score": -3.499737024307251, "rough_score": -8.511266708374023, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "����������� The name \"Sebastian,\" I argue, textualizes the �deviant��specifically, the homosexual�pleasures that marked Wilde's exile, for the name functions as a code for the emerging identity of the Uranian, that creature who, under the contemporary designation \"invert,\" had been pathologized as a chaotic amalgamation�a blur, a border-crossing�of male and female.� Surely Wilde must have recognized the gender-blurring associated with the name \"Sebastian\" in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, in which the character Sebastian is, at one point, mistaken for Viola, who herself has donned male disguise.� More locally, Wilde's appropriation of the name as an in-the-know gay code reappears in his one-time friend Andr� Raffalovich's conversion to Catholicism and admission into the lay order under the name \"Brother Sebastian\" (Rosario 162), an appellation Wilde would certainly have recognized as paying homage�intentionally or not�perhaps to Wilde's exile and certainly to Raffalovich's own gay past as well as to his ongoing amorous relationship with John Gray, the beautiful young poet who, many have argued, provided the model for Wilde's own Dorian.� Richard Ellmann notes (although perhaps pejoratively), that Sebastian has, traditionally, been \"the favorite saint among homosexuals\" (71n), and Camille Paglia describes Sebastian as the image in which \"[h]omoerotic iconicism goes full circle\" (112).� Ellmann also reproduces Guido Reni's highly eroticized painting of the arrow-pierced body of that Saint, which he describes as one of Wilde's favorite works.� Ian Young comments on the significance of Wilde's appropriation of the name \"Sebastian,\" as well, arguing provocatively that \"[t]he sado-masochistic image [of the martyred saint] is intensified . . . by his traditional depiction as suffering a kind of ecstasy as he is penetrated by a gang of men�Roman soldiers with arrows.� Here is male beauty, oppressed, penetrated, and transformed, a perfect icon for the homosexual in Christian culture, who is so often characterized as suffering, nobly or ignobly, and dying young\" (16).� \"Sebastian\" thus designates Wilde as a martyr, in the tradition of the Christian saint and, later, Keats; as a metaphor for Wilde-as-prisoner; as a gay icon, in the image of the comely, nearly nude, penetrated youth; and, finally, as a corporeal manifestation for a play across the lines of gender, a blur between \"manhood\" and \"womanhood,\" a pleasure in the repose of inversion.", "precise_score": -4.13985538482666, "rough_score": -6.493462562561035, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "����������� Wilde once celebrated France as \"manag[ing] . . . better\" the split, the distance between public and private lives (\"The Soul of Man Under Socialism\" 1034), thus situating the country which in his final years he came to call home as a safe haven for the object of gossip, as a land that respects the boundaries between the personality one exercises in public and the pleasures one enjoys in private.� In France, Wilde-as-\"Sebastian Melmoth\" embodied the conditions of excess that framed the nineteenth century�the excesses of the French Revolution and their textual embodiment in the form of the Gothic, and the excesses of fin-de-si�cle decadence and their corporeal embodiment in the figure of Wilde himself.� As the site of revolution moves throughout the century from one odd tendency to another, at first textual and finally sexual, Wilde's retreating figure�retreating both in its disinclination to respond to the wrongs perpetrated against it, and retreating in its decided move out of England and into Paris�looms as the spectacle of nineteenth-century revolutionary potential.� At once sexual and textual, \"Sebastian Melmoth\" functions not as a shield of anonymity but as a badge of defiance, a sign that announces Wilde's self-identification as his culture's \"other,\" a self-inflicted mark of Cain that articulates Wilde's allegiance to a sexuality and a textuality his fellow Englishmen excoriated as the sites of revolutionary excess.", "precise_score": -0.3727422058582306, "rough_score": -2.4343035221099854, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "suited Wilde[, who] had always regarded the city as a refuge and a playground . . . \" (257), the writer's exile proved a mixture of victory and defeat, pleasure and pain, optimism and regret.� In exile, \"Sebastian Melmoth\" continued to inhabit that anxious space of the blur in which either/or gives way to both/and, that dizzying space of revolution in which rule and order are suspended as the \"other\" is tossed back and forth from objectivity to subjectivity, from containment to freedom, from discipline to pleasure.� Somewhere in this mix, I like to think, Wilde-as-Sebastian Melmoth savored the spectacle of his protracted triumph over the culture that sought to exclude him.", "precise_score": -1.852136254310608, "rough_score": 0.22499427199363708, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "took no notice of the man it had taken up'\" (586).� Richard Ellmann says of Wilde's exile that \"Wilde's place in the world was now fixed for good�no longer at its center, but always on its outskirts\" (554).� While many might argue that the outskirts mark the space of perversion, the register of subversive pleasure and power, Ellmann clearly invokes the term in a pejorative fashion, as the final chapters of his biography make clear.� Stephen Calloway and David Colvin comment that Wilde's death brought to an end the dark period of exile�\"the most devastating and heartbreaking of all the states of the soul\" (101)�\"during which [Wilde's] mental decline had been almost as marked as his physical\" (6); \"[b]y stages, Wilde became a tragic figure.� . . .� Looking shabby, his former pride in his dress and toilette gone for ever, Oscar slipped into the habit of importuning old friends, and even perfect strangers; even his sole remaining asset, his talk, became worn and threadbare, and like Brummell before him, he cut a sorry figure\" (103).� A 1995 publication commemorating the centenary of the Wilde trials, Reading Wilde, Querying Spaces, opens with an introduction whose first paragraph concludes that \"[c]onvicted of practicing 'indecent acts,' the notorious writer spent the next two years kept to hard labor in prison, dying barely two and a half years after his release\" (iv).� Michael S. Foldy begins his account of The Trials of Oscar Wilde by commenting that \"[t]he three years between his release from prison in 1897 and his death in 1900 were spent living in poverty, shame, and, most sadly of all perhaps, unproductivity\" (ix); \"[e]ven though he was eventually able to leave England behind, Wilde was never able to escape his notoriety or to reclaim the secrecy his private life had previously afforded him\" (128).", "precise_score": -10.851524353027344, "rough_score": -10.650882720947266, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "show, was not alone in his appropriation of renaming as a strategy for personal and political re-alignment.� Melanie C. Hawthorne recounts the Wilde family�s decision, following the writer�s disgrace, to flee � . . . into exile in Europe to avoid the unwanted publicity generated by the trial� and to adopt the name �Holland,� a pseudonym �unrelated to the Dutch origin of the Wildes� yet nonetheless �obviously [preserving], even [embodying], the trace of the very criminal identity that the family wished to escape.� Holland is home to Dutchmen, [so-called] queer and unpatriotic men like Wilde and [J.T.] Grein,� director of the Independent Theater Society, whose intended production of Salome in 1918 led to a court case against Grien, Maud Allan, and others, raising the specter of Wilde as a still-potent symbol of deviance almost 20 years after his death (176).� �By taking their place of origin as . . . patronymic, [the family] preserves [their] affiliations in the very act of repudiating them� (176) in exactly the way that �Sebastian Melmoth� preserves Wilde�s revolutionary affiliations even as it seems to suggest his desire to escape from the burdens of his name.", "precise_score": -7.279335021972656, "rough_score": -10.043425559997559, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde - Irish Paris", "precise_score": -7.891180992126465, "rough_score": -10.620050430297852, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Irish Paris" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde (Dublin, 1854 - Paris, 1900) first visited Paris in the summer of 1874,in the company of his mother, Speranza. They stayed at the Hôtel Voltaire on the Quai Voltaire (7th arrondissement), an establishment whose other famous clients down through the years have included Charles Baudelaire, Richard Wagner and Jean Sibelius. Wilde returned to Paris in late January 1883, staying first for a few weeks at the Hôtel Continental before moving to the Hôtel Voltaire again in early April, where he remained until May. During this stay, he met Edmond de Goncourt on a number of occasions at the latter’s residence at 53 (now 67) Avenue de Montmoréncy (16th arrondissement). In his diary, Goncourt writes that Wilde was “an individual of doubtful sex who talks like a third-rate actor and tells tall stories”. Wilde also met the actress Sarah Bernhardt on several occasions and later told a reporter that “it is not easy to exhaust the message of Paris, especially when Sarah Bernhardt is playing.” Wilde was back in Paris at the beginning of June 1884, this time on a honeymoon trip with Constance Lloyd, staying in three rooms at the Hôtel Wagram at 208, Rue de Rivoli (1st arrondissement), just a couple of doors down from the Hôtel Brighton, where Charles Stewart Parnell had stayed three years earlier.", "precise_score": -5.521444320678711, "rough_score": -8.31120777130127, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Irish Paris" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "In December 1898, Wilde travelled down to the French Riviera and then through various parts of France, Italy and Switzerland. In June 1899 he was back in Paris, staying first at the Hôtel de Neva on the rue de Monsigny (2nd arrondissement, hotel no longer exists), then at the Hôtel Marsollier just a 100 metres further on in the rue Marsollier. Failing to pay his bill, Wilde was kicked out of the latter hotel in August 1899 and moved back to the Hôtel d’Alsace. He was to stay there until April 1900 when he left on a trip to Italy. Wilde was back at the Hôtel d’Alsace in July 1900 and stayed there in room 16 under the assumed name of Sebastian Melmoth until his death on November 30 of the same year.", "precise_score": 4.901612281799316, "rough_score": -3.089200258255005, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Irish Paris" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "No name is more inextricably bound to the aesthetic movement of the 1880s and 1890s in England than that of Oscar Wilde. This connection results as much from the lurid details of his life as from his considerable contributions to English literature. His lasting literary fame resides primarily in four or five plays, one of which— The Importance of Being Earnest, first produced in 1895—is a classic of comic theater. His only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, is flawed as a work of art, but gained him much of his notoriety. This book gives a particularly 1890s perspective on the timeless theme of sin and punishment. Wilde published a volume of poems early in his career as a writer. Some of these poems were successful, but his only enduring work in this genre is The Ballad of Reading Gaol. On a curious but productive tangent to his more serious work, Wilde produced two volumes of fairy tales that are delightful in themselves and provide insight into some of his serious social and artistic concerns. His significant literary contributions are rounded off by his critical essays, most notably in Intentions (1891), and his long soul-searching letter to Lord Alfred Douglas, De Profundis, written in 1897 from Reading Gaol.", "precise_score": -11.057862281799316, "rough_score": -10.696467399597168, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Imprisonment for homosexuality was a particularly tragic end for an artist who believed that style—in life as well as art—was of utmost importance. That Wilde became a literary artist in the first place is not so surprising since, as H. Montgomery Hyde reported in Oscar Wilde: A Biography, his mother was a poet and Irish revolutionary who published under the name \"Speranza,\" and his father a successful eye and ear surgeon in Dublin and \"author of a work which remained the standard textbook on aural surgery for many years.\" Though his background was literary and professional, it was anything but stable. His mother doted on him as a child and, according to Hyde, \"insisted on dressing him in girl's clothes.\" Dr. William Wilde was a notorious philanderer, and, in an ironic foreshadowing of his son's famous trials, suffered public condemnation when a libel case disclosed his sexual indiscretions with a young woman named Mary Travers.", "precise_score": -11.142304420471191, "rough_score": -10.570612907409668, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "At the time he was writing The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde became friendly with Robert (\"Robbie\") Ross, whom he had first met in 1886 at Oxford and who later served as Wilde's literary executor after faithfully standing by him through Wilde's trials and the horrors of Wilde's two years in prison. H. Montgomery Hyde, in Oscar Wilde: A Biography, cited \"strong grounds for believing that it was with [Ross] that Wilde first deliberately experimented in homosexual practices.\" Ross kept Wilde apprised of all the literary gossip, and when Dorian Gray appeared in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890, Ross wrote the following to him: \"Even in the precincts of the Savile nothing but praise of Dorian Gray, though of course it is said to be very dangerous. I heard a clergyman extolling it, he only regretted some of the sentiments . . . as apt to lead people astray.\" Most of the reviews of the novel were hostile because of the book's supposed perversity and immorality. A particularly scathing attack in The Scots Observer made a veiled reference to Wilde's homosexuality and suggested he take up tailoring or some other \"decent\" trade. For the novel's hardcover edition, published the following year, Wilde made some changes, most important of which was the addition of six chapters and the famous epigrammatic preface. Perhaps surprisingly, the reviews this time were more favorable. Walter Pater praised the book highly, and, as Hyde reported in Oscar Wilde: A Biography, Irish poet and dramatist William Butler Yeats wrote that \"Dorian Gray, with all its faults, is a wonderful book.\"", "precise_score": -11.122417449951172, "rough_score": -10.742382049560547, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "While publicly Wilde was enjoying the success of Lady Windermere's Fan, in his private life the author was beginning a homosexual relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas. Wilde had been introduced to \"Bosie\" Douglas, the son of the eighth Marquess of Queensberry, by the poet Lionel Johnson. As Hyde reported in Oscar Wilde: A Biography,Douglas immediately fell under the spell of Wilde's charming conversation. In July of 1893 Wilde moved in with Douglas at The Cottage, Goring-on-Thames, ostensibly so that they could work together.", "precise_score": -11.119372367858887, "rough_score": -10.704575538635254, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "Similarly, Wilde eluded attention after his prison release. He wandered Europe for three and a half years under an assumed name, Sebastian Melmoth, and died bankrupt in a Paris hotel on November 30, 1900.", "precise_score": 7.160439491271973, "rough_score": 8.0086030960083, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "Sebastian Melmoth (includes epigrams and aphorisms, excerpted, and The Soul of Man under Socialism), Arthur L. Humphreys (London, England), 1904.", "precise_score": 2.108999013900757, "rough_score": 2.8779308795928955, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Trial of Oscar Wilde from the Shorthand Reports (court transcripts), preface by Charles Grolleau, Charles Carrington (Paris, France), 1906.", "precise_score": -9.891565322875977, "rough_score": -10.670744895935059, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Also author of lectures \"Art and the Handicraftsman\" and \"Lecture to Art Students.\" Translator into English, sometimes under pseudonym Sebastian Melmoth, of such works as What Never Dies, by Barbey d'Aurevilly. Contributor of articles, essays, reviews, and criticism such as \"Woman's Dress,\" \"More Radical Ideas upon Dress Reform,\" \"Sermon in Stones at Bloomsbury,\" \"Mrs. Langtry as Hester Grazebrook,\" \"London Models,\" \"Some Cruelties of Prison Life,\" \"Oscar Wilde on Poets and Poetry,\" \"Slaves of Fashion,\" \"Costume,\" and \"The American Invasion\" to periodicals, including Pall Mall Gazette, Dramatic Review, Woman's World, New York World, Court and Society Review, English Illustrated Magazine, London Daily Chronicle, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, and Chameleon. Newdigate Prize Poem: Ravenna, Recited in the Theatre, Oxford, June 26, 1878", "precise_score": -1.4963839054107666, "rough_score": -3.3231186866760254, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Melmoth", "passage": "Wilde's lawyers denounced the witnesses as characters of ill repute and pointed out conflicting facts in their testimonies. The trial ended in a hung jury, but Wilde was retried in May 1895. That time, Wilde was found guilty and sentenced to two years in prison. He was released from Reading Gaol (pronounced \"JAIL\") in May 1897 and moved to Europe, where he assumed the name Sebastian Melmoth. During his exile, he wrote \"The Ballad of Reading Gaol,\" a long poem decrying the cruelty of British prison conditions, especially affecting child inmates. He also wrote letters to English newspapers to sway public opinion during consideration of new legislation. Most notably, on a personal and literary level, Wilde composed a letter to Douglas that was filled with recriminations against the younger man, which was published posthumously in edited form as De Profundis in 1905. Wilde died on November 30, 1900, in Paris.", "precise_score": 4.344394207000732, "rough_score": 0.11068923771381378, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "His health decimated, Wilde was released in 1897 and went to Paris. Under the name Sebastian Melmoth, he lived the last three years of his life alone and penniless. Oscar Wilde died on November 30, 1900 in the Hotel d'Alsace in Paris.", "precise_score": 5.611468315124512, "rough_score": 8.412298202514648, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - Infos - Art Market" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "Wilde wrote another little-known play (in the form of a pantomime) for a friend of his, Chan Toon, which was called For Love Of the King . The 1894 play also went under the name A Burmese Masque. It has never been widely circulated. One copy, held in the Leeds University Library's Fay and Geoffrey Elliott Collection is marked: \"This is a spurious work attributed to Wilde without authority by a Mrs. Chan Toon, who was sent to prison for stealing money from her landlady. A.J.A. Symons.\"", "precise_score": -11.158031463623047, "rough_score": -10.709282875061035, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "Prison was unkind to Wilde's health and when he was released on May 19, 1897 he spent his last three years penniless, in self-imposed exile from society and artistic circles. He went under the assumed name of 'Sebastian Melmoth', after the central character of the gothic novel Melmoth the Wanderer. After his release, he wrote the famous poem The Ballad Of Reading Gaol .", "precise_score": 4.34391975402832, "rough_score": 4.35178804397583, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Flahertie", "passage": "Oscar Fingall O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, on October 16, 1854. His father, Sir William Wilde, was a well-known surgeon; his mother, Jane Francisca Elgee Wilde, wrote popular poetry and other work under the pseudonym (pen name) Speranza. Because of his mother's literary successes, young Oscar enjoyed a cultured and privileged childhood.", "precise_score": -10.736297607421875, "rough_score": -10.70743179321289, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Flahertie", "passage": "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 - 30 November 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, essayist, and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is remembered for his epigrams, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, his plays, as well as the circumstances of his imprisonment and early death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.792008399963379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "\"I am not sure if she ever became a Catholic herself but it was not long before she asked me to instruct two of her children, one of them being the future erratic genius, Oscar Wilde. After a few weeks I baptized these two children, Lady Wilde herself being present on the occasion.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298152923583984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Until he was nine, Oscar Wilde was educated at home, where a French and a German governess taught him their languages. He then attended Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh. Until his early twenties, Wilde summered at the villa, Moytura House, his father built in Cong, County Mayo. There the young Wilde and his brother Willie played with George Moore.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.829137802124023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "He had been publishing lyrics and poems in magazines since his entering Trinity College, especially in Kottabos and the Dublin University Magazine. In mid-1881, at 27 years old, Poems collected, revised and expanded his poetic efforts. The book was generally well received, and sold out its first print run of 750 copies, prompting further printings in 1882. It was bound in a rich, enamel, parchment cover (embossed with gilt blossom) and printed on hand-made Dutch paper; Wilde presented many copies to the dignitaries and writers who received him over the next few years. The Oxford Union condemned the book for alleged plagiarism in a tight vote. The librarian, who had requested the book for the library, returned the presentation copy to Wilde with a note of apology. Richard Ellmann argues that Wilde's poem \"Hélas!\" was a sincere, though flamboyant, attempt to explain the dichotomies he saw in himself: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149637222290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde was concerned about the effect of moralising on art, he believed in art's redemptive, developmental powers: \"Art is individualism, and individualism is a disturbing and disintegrating force. There lies its immense value. For what it seeks is to disturb monotony of type, slavery of custom, tyranny of habit, and the reduction of man to the level of a machine.\"Wilde, O. The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde, Collins. In his only political text, The Soul of Man Under Socialism, he argued political conditions should establish this primacy, and concluded that the government most amenable to artists was no government at all. Wilde envisions a society where mechanisation has freed human effort from the burden of necessity, effort which can instead be expended on artistic creation. George Orwell summarised, \"In effect, the world will be populated by artists, each striving after perfection in the way that seems best to him.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23442554473877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "This point of view did not align him with the Fabians, intellectual socialists who advocated using state apparatus to change social conditions, nor did it endear him to the monied classes whom he had previously entertained. Pearson, H. Essays of Oscar Wilde London: Meuthen & Co (1950:xi) Catalogue no:5328/u Hesketh Pearson, introducing a collection of Wilde's essays in 1950, remarked how The Soul of Man Under Socialism had been an inspirational text for Tsarist revolutionaries in Russia but laments that in the Stalinist era \"it is doubtful whether there are any uninspected places in which it could now be hidden\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001681327819824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "\"I do not say that you are it, but you look it, and pose at it, which is just as bad. And if I catch you and my son again in any public restaurant I will thrash you\" to which Wilde responded: \"I don't know what the Queensberry rules are, but the Oscar Wilde rule is to shoot on sight\". His account in De Profundis was less triumphant: \"It was when, in my library at Tite Street, waving his small hands in the air in epileptic fury, your father... stood uttering every foul word his foul mind could think of, and screaming the loathsome threats he afterwards with such cunning carried out\". Queensberry only described the scene once, saying Wilde had \"shown him the white feather\", meaning he had acted in a cowardly way. Though trying to remain calm, Wilde saw that he was becoming ensnared in a brutal family quarrel. He did not wish to bear Queensberry's insults, but he knew to confront him could lead to disaster were his liaisons disclosed publicly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181663513183594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's final play again returns to the theme of switched identities: the play's two protagonists engage in \"bunburying\" (the maintenance of alternative personas in the town and country) which allows them to escape Victorian social mores.Mendelshon, Daniel; The Two Oscar Wildes, New York Review of Books, Volume 49, Number 15 · 10 October 2002 Earnest is even lighter in tone than Wilde's earlier comedies. While their characters often rise to serious themes in moments of crisis, Earnest lacks the by-now stock Wildean characters: there is no \"woman with a past\", the principals are neither villainous nor cunning, simply idle cultivés, and the idealistic young women are not that innocent. Mostly set in drawing rooms and almost completely lacking in action or violence, Earnest lacks the self-conscious decadence found in The Picture of Dorian Gray and Salome. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.183793067932129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "On 18 February 1895, the Marquess left his calling card at Wilde's club, the Albemarle, inscribed: \"For Oscar Wilde, posing somdomite\". Queensberry's handwriting was almost indecipherable: The hall porter initially read \"ponce and sodomite\", but Queensberry himself claimed that he'd written \"posing 'as' a sodomite\", an easier accusation to defend in court. Merlin Holland concludes that \"what Queensberry almost certainly wrote was \"posing \", (Holland (2004:300)) Wilde, encouraged by Douglas and against the advice of his friends, initiated a private prosecution against Queensberry for libel, since the note amounted to a public accusation that Wilde had committed the crime of sodomy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.017875671386719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "On his release, he gave the manuscript to Ross, who may or may not have carried out Wilde's instructions to send a copy to Douglas (who later denied having received it). De Profundis was partially published in 1905, its complete and correct publication first occurred in 1962 in The Letters of Oscar Wilde.Ross published a version of the letter expurgated of all references to Douglas in 1905 with the title De Profundis, expanding it slightly for an edition of Wilde's collected works in 1908, and then donated it to the British Museum on the understanding that it would not be made public until 1960. In 1949, Wilde's son Vyvyan Holland published it again, including parts formerly omitted, but relying on a faulty typescript bequeathed to him by Ross. Ross's typescript had contained several hundred errors, including typist's mistakes, Ross's 'improvements' and other inexplicable omissions. Holland/Hart-Davis (2000:683)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932723045349121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": " As the voiture rolled through the dark streets that wintry night, the sad story of Oscar Wilde was in part repeated to me... Robert Ross knelt by the bedside, assisting me as best he could while I administered conditional baptism, and afterwards answering the responses while I gave Extreme Unction to the prostrate man and recited the prayers for the dying. As the man was in a semi-comatose condition, I did not venture to administer the Holy Viaticum; still I must add that he could be roused and was roused from this state in my presence. When roused, he gave signs of being inwardly conscious... Indeed I was fully satisfied that he understood me when told that I was about to receive him into the Catholic Church and gave him the Last Sacraments... And when I repeated close to his ear the Holy Names, the Acts of Contrition, Faith, Hope and Charity, with acts of humble resignation to the Will of God, he tried all through to say the words after me. Robert Ross, in his letter to More Adey (dated 14 December 1900), described a similar scene: \"(Wilde) was conscious that people were in the room, and raised his hand when I asked him whether he understood. He pressed our hands. I then went in search of a priest and with great difficulty found Fr Cuthbert Dunne, of the Passionists, who came with me at once and administered Baptism and Extreme Unction – Oscar could not take the Eucharist\".(Holland/Hart-Davis (2000:1219–1220))", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.983250617980957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's life continues to fascinate, and he has been the subject of numerous biographies since his death. The earliest were memoirs by those who knew him: often they are personal or impressionistic accounts which can be good character sketches, but are sometimes factually unreliable. Frank Harris, his friend and editor, wrote a biography, Oscar Wilde: His Life and Confessions (1916); though prone to exaggeration and sometimes factually inaccurate, it offers a good literary portrait of Wilde. Lord Alfred Douglas wrote two books about his relationship with Wilde. Oscar Wilde and Myself (1914), largely ghost-written by T.W.H. Crosland, vindictively reacted to Douglas's discovery that De Profundis was addressed to him and defensively tried to distance him from Wilde's scandalous reputation. Both authors later regretted their work. Later, in Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1939) and his Autobiography he was more sympathetic to Wilde. Of Wilde's other close friends, Robert Sherard, Robert Ross, his literary executor; and Charles Ricketts variously published biographies, reminiscences or correspondence. The first more or less objective biography of Wilde came about when Hesketh Pearson wrote Oscar Wilde: His Life and Wit (1946). In 1954 Vyvyan Holland published his memoir Son of Oscar Wilde, which recounts the difficulties Wilde's wife and children faced after his imprisonment. It was revised and updated by Merlin Holland in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.881271362304688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde, a critical study by Arthur Ransome was published in 1912. The book only briefly mentioned Wilde's life, but subsequently Ransome (and The Times Book Club) were sued for libel by Lord Alfred Douglas. The trial in April 1913 was in a way a re-run of the trial(s) of Oscar Wilde. The trial resulted from Douglas's rivalry with Robbie Ross for Wilde (and his need of money). Douglas lost; De Profundis which was read in part at the trial disproved his claims (Ross had shown Ransome the full text of it). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018172264099121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's life was still waiting for independent, true scholarship when Richard Ellmann began researching his 1987 biography Oscar Wilde, for which he posthumously won a National (USA) Book Critics Circle Award in 1988 and a Pulitzer Prize in 1989. The book was the basis for the 1997 film Wilde, directed by Brian Gilbert and starring Stephen Fry as the title character. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.854009628295898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oscar Wilde" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Playwright Oscar Wilde, Biography and Plays", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505810737609863, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Although his given name was Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills, most lovers of his plays, fiction, and essays know him as Oscar Wilde. Born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, his father was an esteemed surgeon. His father’s career and Oscar’s scholarships enabled the young man to attain an impressive college education:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.076488494873047, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Scholars often debate the sexual identity of Oscar Wilde, labeling him either homosexual or bisexual. Biographers indicate that he had physical relationships with other males as early as age 16. However, in 1884 he married wealthy heiress Constance Lloyd. Thanks to her father’s fortune, Wilde was freed from economic concerns, and he focused more on his creative endeavors. By 1886 Oscar and Constance had two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan. Despite his seemingly idealistic family dynamic, Wilde still loved being a celebrity – and still loved the decadent parties and homosexual affairs which his social status afforded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.188702583312988, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "One of Oscar Wilde’s more boastful quotes about himself happened when the famous author was visiting America. A New York customs officer asked if he had any goods to declare. Wilde replied, “No, I have nothing to declare (pause) except my genius.” If Wilde was justifed in such self-love it is perhaps because of his most acclaimed play, The Importance of Being Earnest. Of all the plays, this is the most merry, and perhaps the most balanced with witty dialogue, romantic misunderstandings, and laughter-inducing coincidences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256976127624512, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde on Trial:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469592094421387, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Sadly, Wilde’s life did not end in the manner of his “drawing room comedies.” Oscar Wilde had an intimate relationship with Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas, a considerably younger gentleman. Douglas’ father, the Marquis of Queensbury, publicly accused Wilde of sodomy. In response, Oscar Wilde took the Marquis to court, charging him with criminal libel .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9650239944458, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The attempt at justice backfired, however. During the course of the trial, Wilde’s various sexual relationships were exposed. These details, and the defense’s threat of bringing male prostitutes to the stand, prompted Wilde to drop the case. Soon afterwards, Oscar Wilde was arrested on the charge of “gross indecency.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362127304077148, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde’s Death:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47402572631836, "source": "search", "title": "Playwright Oscar Wilde , Biography and Plays" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.529223442077637, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde Biography", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.529223442077637, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde became devoted to Aestheticism during these Oxford years (see \"Oscar Wilde's Aesthetics\" in Critical Essays at the end of this book for more information on the Aesthetic movement). He was able to laugh at the movement's superficial excesses as well as his own. Although he was temporarily expelled from Oxford in 1877 for a long absence without permission, he earned a rare \"double first\" in Literae Humaniores. In November of 1878, he was awarded the Bachelor of Arts degree.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.158087730407715, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "A reader new to Wilde might be surprised to learn that most of the author's fiction consists of two volumes of fairy tales. Originally told to adults at social occasions, the stories are not necessarily meant for children. Asked about the intended audience for his fairy tales, Wilde responded, \"I had about as much intention of pleasing the British child as I did of pleasing the British public.\" Although he sounds indifferent, Wilde probably hoped to please both audiences. Certainly he welcomed an enthusiastic response from his mentor (from Oxford days) Walter Pater, an important proponent of Aestheticism, who especially appreciated \"The Happy Prince\" and \"The Selfish Giant.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251809120178223, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The most traumatic events in Wilde's life were the court trials, and later imprisonment, concerning his personal behavior (see \"Three Trials: Oscar Wilde Goes to Court, 1895\" in Critical Essays). Prison was very hard on Wilde. He wrote about it, his relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas, and other matters in a long essay, taking the form of a letter to Douglas, later published as De Profundis. The essay was written from January to March of 1897 and took the form of a letter partly because prison rules allowed Wilde to write only letters. Rather than sending the letter to Douglas, Wilde gave the manuscript to his loyal friend Robert Ross after Wilde was released in May of that year. His last creative work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, was written after his release and was published in February 1898. A tale of murder and imprisonment, it contains one of Wilde's more famous lines: \"Yet each man kills the thing he loves.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.849339485168457, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - cliffsnotes.com" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Recent scholarship has urged for a reconsideration of the ways in which we understand, classify, and represent the meanings and effects of Wilde�s life and work.� In his essay �Biography and the Art of Lying� (The Cambridge Companion to Oscar Wilde, ed. Peter S. Raby, Cambridge, 1997), Merlin Holland writes that Wilde �confessed that he lived in permanent fear of not being misunderstood,� that Wilde�s was �not a life which can tolerate an either/or approach with logical conclusions, but demands the flexibility of a both/and treatment, often raising questions for which there are no answers� (3, 4).� Likewise, in his introduction to The Aesthetics of Self-Invention:� Oscar Wilde to David Bowie (University of Minnesota Press, 2004), Shelton Waldrep suggests that �the definition we have of Wilde�our current general assessment of his work�is not only in flux but in need of radical rethinking and a comprehensive reformulation� (xiii). For Waldrep, �Wilde�s belief in the importance of the spoken word (both the dialogue and aphoristic fragment), the mixing of genre and media, and the centrality of the recurring idea of the mask�especially in its relationship to reinvention of the self�are key to understanding Wilde�s influence in the twentieth century and beyond� (7).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097536087036133, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde, De Profundis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463436126708984, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509031295776367, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "����������� In recent years, much scholarship has been devoted to a re-evaluation of Oscar Wilde, arguably the most famous�and certainly the most infamous�of all late nineteenth-century British writers; such scholarship, in particular Ed Cohen's groundbreaking study of fin-de-si�cle constructions of masculinity in Talk on the Wilde Side, has demonstrated the centrality of the figure of Wilde to late nineteenth-century British culture and to emerging debates over the pathology of sexuality and disease or, to use an appropriate but unfortunately ubiquitous Deconstructionist metaphor, dis-ease.� However, comparatively little substantive criticism has been written about Wilde's brief life following his release from Reading Gaol on", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.110553741455078, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "����������� From the earliest days of his fame, Wilde had been recognized�marked�as a symbolic figure for a literary or artistic style as well as for the lifestyle of the Decadent.� Max Nordau's 1892 tome on the decay of modern society, Degeneration, pointed specifically to Wilde as the emblem for this anti-social, unhealthy movement:� \"[t]he ego-mania of decadentism, its love of the artificial, its aversion to nature, and to all forms of activity and movement, its megalomaniacal contempt for men and its exaggeration of the importance of art, have found their English representative among the '�sthetes,' the chief of whom is Oscar Wilde\" (317).� Wilde, Nordau argues, \"despises nature,\" is \"a 'cultivator of the Ego,'\" and revels in \"inactivity,\" \"[c]ontemplation,\" \"immorality, sin and crime\" (320-321).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93774127960205, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "����������� H. Montgomery Hyde's assessment of Wilde�s final years concurs with Croft-Cooke's; he notes that \"[t]he return of freedom gave [Wilde] back the sense of humour . . . \" (Oscar Wilde:� The Aftermath 209), and while Wilde may have been \"disgusted at the implication that he would be welcomed back [to England] for his 'airy mood and spirit,' but only if a conversion of his sexual preference could be extorted from him\" (Schmidgall 341), Hyde recounts moments in which Wilde managed to turn his controversial sexuality�such as his experiments at a (heterosexual) brothel in Dieppe�into marks of his own queer victory:� \"'The first in these ten years,' [Wilde] said to Dowson in a low voice, 'and it will be the last.� It was like cold mutton!'� And then, raising his voice so that the crowd could hear, he added, 'But tell it in", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83665657043457, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": ", for it will entirely restore my character!'\" (Oscar Wilde:� A Biography 373).� Once in", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.411392211914062, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "����������� Lorraine Janzen Kooistra has argued that \"[b]order-crossing was absolutely necessary to Wilde, whose sexual orientation gave him a marginal, not to say criminal and subversive, subject position . . .� .� Wilde believed that the creative artist must cross gender borders, representational borders, truth borders and law and order borders, in order to realize fully his personality in his art\" (140-141).� Wilde's ultimate physical location,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187705039978027, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "in the age of Revolution.� Hyde's complicated formulation embeds a wide range of translations, or crossings, and all of these, I believe, find embodiment in the figure of Oscar Wilde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.493896484375, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "11.� For accounts of Wilde's exilic escapades, see Wilde, Letters 563-844; Harris, Oscar Wilde 264-322; Croft-Cooke 238-282; Jullian 358-398; Ellmann 527-589; and Schmidgall 331-344.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421570777893066, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Calloway, Stephen, and David Colvin.� Oscar Wilde:� An Exquisite Life.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.288641929626465, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Coakley, Davis.� Oscar Wilde:� The Importance of Being Irish.� 1994.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.455193519592285, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Croft-Cooke, Rupert.� The Unrecorded Life of Oscar Wilde.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33433723449707, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "Dollimore, Jonathan.� Sexual Dissidence:� Augustine to Wilde, Freud to Foucault.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27768611907959, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Ellmann, Richard.� Oscar Wilde.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310909271240234, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Erber, Nancy.� \"The French Trials of Oscar Wilde.\"� Journal of the History of Sexuality� 6 (April 1996):� 549-588.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219807624816895, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Foldy, Michael S.� The Trials of Oscar Wilde:� Deviance, Morality, and Late-Victorian Society.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39370346069336, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Goodman, Jonathan.� The Oscar Wilde File.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367514610290527, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Harris, Frank.� \"Oscar Wilde.\"� Contemporary Portraits.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342122077941895, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "---.� Oscar Wilde.� 1916.� Intro. Merlin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303010940551758, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "---.� Oscar Wilde:� A Biography.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418624877929688, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "---.� Oscar Wilde:� The Aftermath.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392400741577148, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Jullian, Philippe.� Oscar Wilde.� 1968.� Trans. Violet Wyndham.� London:� Constable, 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123311996459961, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde, Oscar.� A Woman of No Importance.� 1893.� The Works of Oscar Wilde.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.439001083374023, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "---.� \"The Grave of Keats\"� 1877.� The Works of Oscar Wilde.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376319885253906, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "---.� The Letters of Oscar Wilde.� Ed. Rupert Hart-Davis.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349425315856934, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "---.� \"The Soul of Man Under Socialism.\"� 1891.� The Works of Oscar Wilde.�", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344510078430176, "source": "search", "title": "Setup - The Oscholars" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde | Poetry Foundation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.56807804107666, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde was a brilliant student in college, first at Trinity College, Dublin, where he won the Berkeley Gold Medal for Greek, and later at Magdalen College, Oxford, where his poem \"Ravenna\" captured the prestigious Newdigate Prize in 1878. It was at Oxford that Wilde came under the influences of John Ruskin, a critic, writer, and professor, and Walter Pater, a critic and essayist whose Studies in the History of The Renaissance legitimized Wilde's nascent ideas on art and individualism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.021501541137695, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Some of these early poems—\"Panthea,\" for example—are, as one would expect from a young aesthete, poems that extol pleasure and sensation: \"to feel is better than to know.\" Epifanio San Juan, in The Art of Oscar Wilde, summed up the argument of \"Panthea\": \"Let us live pleasurably since the gods are indifferent.\" But other poems—\"Helas\"and \"E Tenebris,\" for example—strike a contrary note of moral awareness and even remorse. In \"E Tenebris\" the poet states: \"And well I know my soul in Hell must lie/If I this night before God's throne should stand.\" As Philip Cohen noted in The Moral Vision of Oscar Wilde, this moral strain is paradoxically woven throughout the fabric of Wilde's work, despite his seemingly definitive statements to the contrary, such as in the preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray: \"No artist has ethical sympathies. An ethical sympathy in an artist is an unpardonable mannerism of style.\" This moralism and remorse receive their fullest expression in the letter from jail, De Profundis. Perhaps the best poems of the 1881 volume are those titled \"Impressions,\" in which \"Wilde attains sharpness and total complexity in the depiction of scenes,\" San Juan remarked. \"Colors, tactile sensations, and a weird 'animistic' vibration characterize physical movements, as in 'Impressions du Matin.'\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.009866714477539, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Between the publication of Poems in 1881 and his next significant book in 1888, Wilde went on a lecture tour of America, was married to Constance Lloyd, fathered two sons, became editor of a fashionable magazine, Woman's World, and continued to build his reputation as the most sought-after dinner guest in the British Isles. Frances Winwar, in Oscar Wilde and the Yellow Nineties, described this social aspect of his fame: \"His life from now on assumed an air of arrogance. He would do nothing in moderation—except work. But then, his real work was accomplished when he talked. Before a group of listeners, especially if they were young and handsome and titled, he outdid himself. In the spark of their admiration his mind quickened. Epigram followed epigram, one more dazzling, more preposterous than the other, yet always, like the incandescent core of the firework, with a burning truth at the heart.\" In addition to his epigrams, Wilde's table talk frequently consisted of his original fairy tales; they were later published in two volumes, The Happy Prince and Other Tales and The House of Pomegranates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.844694137573242, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's fairy tales deserve more notice than they have generally received. A few of them are minor prose masterpieces, most notably \"The Happy Prince,\" \"The Nightingale and the Rose,\" \"The Selfish Giant,\" and \"The Fisherman and His Soul.\" But they should be taken seriously for another reason as well: they embody some of the conflicts and themes that run throughout Wilde's work. \"The Happy Prince\" stresses the importance of giving of oneself, even of making the ultimate sacrifice, in order to ameliorate the conditions of the poor. This message foreshadows some of Wilde's ideas in his later work The Soul of Man under Socialism. \"The Nightingale and the Rose\" deals in a similar way with giving, but here the emphasis is on the need to sacrifice for love. Wilde's love of beauty and his conception of its fleeting quality find expression in this story of a nightingale who sacrifices its life to produce the perfect rose. In the story's final satirical twist the beautiful rose is rejected because it does not match the color of a young girl's dress. In Oscar Wilde, Robert K. Miller declared that this ironic turn reveals Wilde's \"ambivalence toward love\" that is \"related to his ambivalence about women.\" In \"The Selfish Giant\" the title character overcomes his selfishness toward children and thus serves as an allegory of Christian redemption. The imaginative sympathy of the giant is similar to that which Wilde ascribes to Christ in his later work, De Profundis. \"The Fisherman and His Soul,\" from the second volume, is the most complex of Wilde's fairy tales; it was described by John A. Quintus in Virginia Quarterly Review as \"another treatment of the doppelgänger theme in which the body and the soul are separated, as they are in The Picture of Dorian Gray.\" In a reversal of the usual situation in which the body corrupts the soul, the Fisherman's soul—which the Fisherman has dispensed with so that he can love a mermaid—tempts his body to sin and through the resultant suffering body and soul are reunited.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.039846420288086, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "\"In spite of its many weaknesses,\" asserted Edouard Roditi in Oscar Wilde: A Critical Guidebook, \"The Picture of Dorian Gray yet remains, in many respects, a great novel. Though hastily written and clumsily constructed, it manages to haunt many readers with vivid memories of its visionary descriptions.\" Epifanio San Juan preferred to assess the book's importance in terms of its contribution to the development of the novel: \"In setting a portrait, a work of art, at the center of the action, Wilde effects the interplay of natural perception and moral judgment in the novel. From the reader's viewpoint, the picture suggests the treatment of angle and distance—the ways of telling and showing—which make up the perennial issues of the aesthetics and criticism of fiction.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094208717346191, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "While The Picture of Dorian Gray has an assured place as a serious work of art and a document of fin de siècle aestheticism, it did not gain for its author a reputation as a great novelist. It is rather because of his dramas that Wilde's reputation has remained most secure. Louis Kronenberger, in The Thread of Laughter, mentioned Wilde together with the great eighteenth-century dramatist, Richard Brinsley Sheridan : \"The brilliant stage comedy that glittered briefly in Sheridan and then remained dormant, if not dead, for over a hundred years is in some measure brought back to life with Oscar Wilde.\" Wilde's strengths were certainly suited to the theater; no medium better showcases his irrepressible wit, his penchant for paradox, and his sardonic views on manners and morals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.948943138122559, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Salomé is vastly different from Wilde's society comedies which were rapidly to follow in the early 1890s. This exotic one-act play has more the atmosphere of the earlier poem The Sphinx in its variations on the themes of obsession, lust, incest, and violence. Salomé moves forward largely on the basis of ritualistic repetition and a unifying pattern of imagery. Richard Ellmann, in Oscar Wilde: A Collection of Critical Essays, described this unity as \"the extreme concentration upon a single episode which is like an image, with a synchronized moon changing color from pale to blood-red in keeping with the action, and an atmosphere of frenzy framed in exotic chill.\" Salomé is Wilde's most completely decadent work. While the play exhibits a few traces of a moral point of view—Jokanaan's rejection of Salomé and Herod's fearful conscience at the end—the dominant impression is one of macabre beauty, and the climax is reached when Salomé's kisses the bitter lips of Jokanaan's severed head. This impression was undercut for critic Alan Bird, who, in The Plays of Oscar Wilde, contended that even in this play Wilde's wit shows through: \"Yet the reader (or audience) can never escape the uncomfortable sensation that the author is actually parodying the action, the words, the characters, the whole ensemble of the drama. This suspicion of parody, however faint, produces an intentional distancing, a deliberate alienation, which far from allowing us to dismiss the drama seems to increase the total effect of decadence.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1073579788208, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "George Woodcock, who in The Paradox of Oscar Wilde examined at length the social ideas in Wilde's other comedies, found \"no explicit social theme\" in The Importance of Being Earnest. In Papers on Language and Literature, Dennis Spininger concurred, explaining that Wilde \"uses the tools of the satirist without wanting to cure the follies and ills he criticizes.\" Although Kate Matlock posited in Journal of Irish Literature that Wilde makes an affirmation at the end of the play in that it \"asserts that marriage is a positive social element which reins in deceptive and potentially corrupt bachelor tendencies,\" such critics as Spininger and Morris Freedman have moved away from such a conventional view of the comedy as a reassertion of order and toward a perception of the play as anticipating the drama of the absurd. Perhaps Freedman was correct when in The Moral Impulse he described the play as \"an account of the search of several young persons for meaning in a society extraordinarily reluctant, even impotent, to assign importance to anything except the superficial.\" However, the second part of this statement is much easier to accept than the first part, because the young people participate in this farcical society, and they live by its rules—or break them in acceptable ways. If an element of seriousness can be identified in this play, it may be what Eric Bentley in The Playwright as Thinker called \"a pseudo-irresponsible jabbing at all the great problems.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.861928939819336, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "During his imprisonment Wilde continued to write as an essayist. He had been writing critical essays since 1879, when he arrived in London from Oxford and began to write on art for various London periodicals. In 1882 he lectured in America, and these lectures were published after his death by his bibliographer Stuart Mason. His most important critical essays were \"The Decay of Lying,\" \"Pen, Pencil, and Poison,\" \"The Critic as Artist,\" and \"The Truth of Masks,\" first published in Intentions; \"The Soul of Man Under Socialism,\" which first appeared in the Fortnightly Review in 1891; and De Profundis, a long letter written to Lord Alfred Douglas from prison and published in 1905. Richard Ellman, in his introduction to The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde, placed him at the end of a clear progression of English critics from Matthew Arnold to Ruskin to Pater. Wilde clearly had Arnold in mind in \"The Critic as Artist,\" when he turned upside down his predecessor's famous dictum that the function of criticism is to see the object as it really is: Wilde would have it that \"the aim of the critic is to see the object as in itself it really is not.\" This is no mere playing with paradox for Wilde, because this whole essay strives to show that criticism is creative, that the critic uses the work of art as a jumping-off place for his own imaginative activity. The higher the imagination soars, both from the work of art and from reality, the better the criticism. Just as the critic in this sense can be superior to the artist, so the artist is superior to the man of action. The man of action is the least imaginative because action is \"a base concession to fact.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.003790855407715, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "The Soul of Man under Socialism, though not collected in Intentions, was published in the same year, 1891. Wilde's society friends must have been amused at his advocacy of socialism, but the conclusions of this essay are consistent with those of the other essays—if we accept his premises about socialism. Wilde advocates a nonauthoritarian socialism under which the individual would be freed from either the burden of poverty or the burdens of greed and guilt. As Michael Helfand and Philip Smith stated in Texas Studies in Literature and Language, \"Wilde formulated a nonauthoritarian socialist theory which encouraged aesthetic activity, analogous to sexual selection, and reduced competition (and thus natural selection), as the way of achieving continuous cultural and social improvement.\" To Wilde's previous emphasis on imagination he now brings an emphasis on individualism, both of which, he speculates, would flourish under socialism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22982406616211, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's last important essay was written during his imprisonment. Events leading up to Wilde's incarceration began when Lord Alfred Douglas's father, the Marquess of Queensberry, tried unsuccessfully to end the relationship between his son and Wilde. Frustrated by his lack of success, he went to Wilde's club and left his card, which was inscribed \"To Oscar Wilde posing as a somdomite [sic ].\" Against all advice, in early 1895 Wilde decided to sue Queensberry for libel. Wilde lost the case, and as a result of the testimony against him at the trial, he was arrested and tried for homosexuality. Since the jury could not agree on a verdict, Wilde was tried a second time and ultimately convicted. The record of these trials, which was published by H. Montgomery Hyde in 1948 as Trials of Oscar Wilde, makes fascinating reading, revealing as it does the vanity of Wilde, the eccentricities of Queensbury, and exultation of the British public at the verdict. Wilde was sentenced in May, 1895, to two years of hard labor, most of which was spent at Reading Gaol.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.952558517456055, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, was written shortly after his release from prison in 1897. Hyde recorded in The Annotated Oscar Wilde that Yeats called it \"a great or almost great poem,\" but the fact that he chose only thirty-eight of the poem's 109 stanzas for publication in the Oxford Book of Modern Verse suggests his awareness of the work's diffuseness. The poem appeared in 1898 without Wilde's name but with the identification \"C.3.3.,\" his cell number at Reading Gaol. The ballad tells a very moving story of a man condemned to death for the murder of his young wife and records the horror of his fellow prisoners as they watch him go through his last days. Though the poem has much of the realism that Wilde always abhorred, it transcends nineteenth-century prison life in its handling of the themes of suffering, isolation, and collective guilt (\"Yet each man kills the thing he loves\"). The poem is the most successful of Wilde's non-dramatic works primarily because, as Robert Keith Miller said, Wilde himself is \"no longer the center of attention.\" The speaker is a prisoner, but the focus is first on the condemned man and then on all of the prisoners as a group.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921131134033203, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Boyd pointed to a handful of scholars, including Jonathan Dollimore and Richard Dellamora, who have subsequently placed Wilde \"in the forefront of writers who examine the sexual and political dimensions of art.\" Boyd argues that even in such a favorable light, scholars tend to gravitate toward the author's plays and longer fiction like Dorian Gray, to the neglect of Wilde's shorter pieces. \"More attention must be paid to his short fiction,\" she maintained. \"In this age of literary theory, few writers can articulate as clearly as Wilde did for the theoretical bases for their works and then actually practice what they preach. Wilde's stories show that he was able to merge theory and practice, creating works of art that stand up well to critical scrutiny.\" The author has been the subject of many biographies, both in book and film version, notably Richard Ellmann's 1988 work, Oscar Wilde, and the dramatic film Wilde, released in the late 1990s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.132235527038574, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Just as Wilde the playwright and poet established his place in the literary canon, so Wilde the correspondent has been the object of critical examination as well. Several volumes of the author's letters have been published, including The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde, co-edited by Wilde's grandson, Merlin Holland, and published in 2000. In his introduction, Holland describes coming across the full texts of letters previously published only in fragments. In his grandson's view, the missives show another side to Wilde, beyond the creator of social comedies and poems. With these letters, maintained Holland, readers must reinterpret the author as \"a hard-working professional writer, deeply interested by the issues of his day and carrying in his intellectual baggage something that we all to frequently overlook, a quite extraordinary classical, literary and philosophical education.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16003131866455, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde, illustrated by Isabelle Brent, Holt (New York, NY), 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969505310058594, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Wisdom of Oscar Wilde, selected and introduced by Temple Scott, Brentano's (New York, NY), 1906.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242609024047852, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Great Thoughts from Oscar Wilde, selected by Stuart Mason, Dodge Publishing Co. (New York, NY), 1912.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282907485961914, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Aphorisms of Oscar Wilde (contains \"On Men and Women,\" \"On Civilisation,\" \"On Art, On Vices, Virtues, and Emotions,\" and \"On Everything\"), selected and arranged by G. N. Sutton, Methuen (London, England), c. 1914.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.333992958068848, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Essays of Oscar Wilde, Albert & Charles Boni (New York, NY), 1935.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.247237205505371, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Epigrams: An Anthology, compiled by Alvin Redman, introduction by Vyvyan Hollad, A. Redman (London, England), 1952, Day (New York, NY), 1954, published as The Wit and Humor of Oscar Wilde, Dover (Mineola, NY), 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116053581237793, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wit and Wisdom, compiled by Cecil Hewetson, Duckworth (London, England), 1960, published as Wit and Wisdom of Oscar Wilde, Philosophical Library (New York, NY), 1967.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.049766540527344, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Literary Criticism of Oscar Wilde, edited by Stanley Weintraub, University of Nebraska Press (Lincoln, NE), 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390313148498535, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde, edited by Richard Ellmann, Random House (New York, NY), 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.227222442626953, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Wit of Oscar Wilde, compiled by Sean McCann, Frewin (London, England), 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.029977798461914, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Witticisms of Oscar Wilde, compiled by Derek Stanford, John Baker (London, England), 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192672729492188, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde Things: The Delicious and Malicious Epigrams of Oscar Wilde, illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley, Attic Press (Greenwood, SC), 1972.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34209156036377, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "I Can Resist Everything except Temptation: And Other Quotations from Oscar Wilde, Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437545776367188, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "(With James Abbott McNeill Whistler) Wilde v. 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Dennison, Jr., and Harrison Post, additional material by A. S. W. Rosenbach, W. A. Clark/J. H. 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W. Massee, illustrated by Frederick Ehrlich, Avon Press (New York, NY), 1905.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.442179679870605, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Art and Decoration: Being Extracts from Reviews and Miscellanies by Oscar Wilde, Methuen (London, England), 1920.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352044105529785, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Importance of Being Earnest, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, and Other Works of Oscar Wilde, introduction by Hesketh Pearson, Dutton (New York, NY), 1930, published as Plays, Prose Writings, and Poems, 1955, reprinted with revised contents and new introduction by Isobel Murray, 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297637939453125, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Writings of Oscar Wilde: Poems, Short Stories, Plays, Novels, Fairy Tales, Letters, Dialogues, and Philosophy, William Wise (New York, NY), 1931.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396303176879883, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Best-Known Works of Oscar Wilde, Including the Poems, Novels, Plays, Essays, Fairy Tales, and Dialogues, Blue Ribbon Books (New York, NY), 1931.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370912551879883, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Works of Oscar Wilde, illustrations by Donia Nachshen, Collins (New York, NY), 1932.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38151741027832, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Poems and Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde, B. A. Cerf/D. S. Klopfer (New York, NY), 1932.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.157896995544434, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Poems of Oscar Wilde (includes essay \"Oscar Wilde on Poets and Poetry\"), Albert & Charles Boni (New York, NY), 1935.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425596237182617, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Best-Known Works of Oscar Wilde, Including the Poems, Novels, Plays, Essays, and Fairy Tales, Halcyon House (Garden City, NY), 1940.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.311704635620117, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Portable Oscar Wilde, selected and edited by Richard Aldington, Viking (New York, NY), 1946, revised edition selected and edited by Aldington and Stanley Weintraub, 1981.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180424690246582, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde: Selections from the Works, edited and introduced by Graham Hough, Dell (New York, NY), 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367986679077148, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Works, introduction by John Gilhert, Spring Books (London, England), 1963, reprinted as The Works of Oscar Wilde, 1977.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306785583496094, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Selected Writings of Oscar Wilde, edited and introduced by Russell Fraser, Houghton (Boston, MA), 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18310832977295, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Illustrated Oscar Wilde, edited and introduced by Roy Gasson, Jupiter (London, England), 1977.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195558547973633, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Annotated Oscar Wilde: Poems, Fictions, Plays, Lectures, Essays, and Letters, edited, with introduction and notes, by H. Montgomery Hyde, C. N. Potter (New York, NY), 1982, published as The Annotated Oscar Wilde, Orbis (London, England), 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17897891998291, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Fireworks of Oscar Wilde, edited by Owen Dudley Edwards, Barrie & Jenkins (London, England), 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.241321563720703, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Aristotle at Afternoon Tea: The Rare Oscar Wilde, edited by John Wyse Jackson, Fourth Estate (London, England), 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22202205657959, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde's \"The Importance of Being Earnest\": A Reconstructive Critical Edition of the Texts of the First Production, St. James's Theatre, 1895, edited with introductory essays by Joseph Donohue and Ruth Berggren, Colin Smyth (Gerrards Cross, England), 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225733757019043, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Best of Oscar Wilde, edited by Robert Pearce, Gerald Duckworth & Co., Ltd. (London, England), 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.222635269165039, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde: The Major Works, edited by Isobel Murray, Oxford University Press (New York, NY), 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475859642028809, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Writings of Oscar Wilde, 15 volumes, A. R. Keller (London, England), 1907.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.211682319641113, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Works, 15 volumes, edited by Robert Ross, Methuen (London, England), 1909, volumes I through XIV, published by J. W. Luce (Boston, MA), 1910, reprinted in fifteen volumes as The First Collected Edition of the Works of Oscar Wilde, 1908-1922, Barnes & Noble (New York, NY), 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179642677307129, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Second Collected Edition of the Works of Oscar Wilde, fourteen volumes, edited by Robert Ross, illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley, John Lane (New York, NY), 1912.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349796295166016, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Works of Oscar Wilde, fifteen volumes, introduction by Richard Le Gallienne, Lamb (New York, NY), 1909, reprinted as The Sunflower Edition of the Works of Oscar Wilde, AMS Press (New York, NY), 1972, published as The Works of Oscar Wilde, new introduction by Stanley Weintraub, 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25527286529541, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Complete Works of Oscar Wilde, ten volumes, edited by Robert Ross, Bigelow, Brown & Co. (St. Paul, MN), 1921.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289589881896973, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde, twelve volumes, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1923.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410964965820312, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde, edited by Vyvyan Holland, Collins (London, England), 1948, new edition, 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339160919189453, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Essays of Oscar Wilde, edited by Hesketh Pearson, Methuen (London, England), 1950.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29837417602539, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde: Complete Shorter Fiction, edited by Isobel Murray, Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352577209472656, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde, Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340575218200684, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Complete Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde, Penguin (New York, NY), 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.403029441833496, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Complete Illustrated Stories, Plays, and Poems of Oscar Wilde, Sterling (New York, NY), 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.440671920776367, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde: Plays, Prose Writings, and Poems, introduction by Terry Eagleton, David Campbell (London, England), 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347372055053711, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Complete Shorter Fiction of Oscar Wilde, edited by Isobel Murray, Oxford University Press (New York, NY), 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42731761932373, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Collins Complete Works of Oscar Wilde, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466402053833008, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde, general editors Russell Jackson and Ian Small, Oxford University Press (New York, NY), 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434858322143555, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde: Three Times Tried (court transcripts), Ferrestone Press (London, England), 1912.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46973991394043, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Trials of Oscar Wilde: Regina (Wilde) v. Queensberry, Regina v. Wilde and Taylor (court transcripts), edited and introduced by H. Montgomery Hyde, foreword by Travers Humphreys, W. Hodge (London, England), 1948, published as The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde, University Books (New York, NY), 1956, new and enlarged 2nd edition published as Famous Trials, Seventh Series: Oscar Wilde, Penguin (London, England), 1963, 2nd edition published with material added from 1st edition as The Trials of Oscar Wilde, Dover (Mineola, NY), 1973.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199092864990234, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde's Oxford Notebooks: A Portrait of Mind in the Making, Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40570068359375, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde's Guide to Modern Living, edited by John Calvin Batchelor and Craig McNeer, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.824634552001953, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The Importance of Being a Wit: The Insults of Oscar Wilde, compiled by Maria Leach, Carroll & Graf (New York, NY), 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430986404418945, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Poems by Oscar Wilde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49238109588623, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde - Poetry Foundation" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418634414672852, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde was a nineteenth-century Irish poet, novelist, and playwright who mocked social conventions and outraged English society with his unconventional ideas and behavior. Wilde's relevance to the law is based on his 1895 criminal trial, in which he was convicted of committing homosexual acts and was sentenced to two years in prison. Historians of law and sexuality regard the trial as a pivotal event, as it demonstrated that the legal system could be used to punish gays and lesbians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221261978149414, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "—Oscar Wilde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465896606445312, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "Wilde professed innocence and took the marquess to court for criminal libel. At trial, the marquess's lawyer produced letters written by Wilde to Alfred Douglas, and their affectionate terminology was damaging to Wilde's case. As witnesses revealed Wilde's affiliations with male prostitutes and other men, Wilde considered retracting his accusation. The jury found the marquess not guilty, thus lending some credibility to his accusation against Wilde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165362358093262, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Foldy, Michael S. 1997. The Trials of Oscar Wilde: Deviance, Morality, and Late-Victorian Society. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30646800994873, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Great Britain. Public Record Office. 1998. Oscar Wilde: Trial and Punishment, 1895–1897. Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England: Public Record Office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366987228393555, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "\"Great Trials: Oscar Wilde.\" 1996. Quill and Quire 62 (April).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379661560058594, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Holland, Merlin. 2003. The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde. New York: Fourth Estate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322592735290527, "source": "search", "title": "Wilde, Oscar legal definition of Wilde, Oscar" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "��\u0011ࡱ\u001a�\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000>\u0000\u0003\u0000�� 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\u0000\u0000\u0000I\u0010\u0000\u0000\u0018\u0000\u0000\u0000n\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000n\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0010\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000� \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0004\b\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0010��X� �\u0001�\u0001\u0000\u0000J\u0006\u0000\u0000�\u0007\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000� \u0000\u0000�\u0001\u0000\u0000a\u0010\u0000\u0000\b\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0010\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0010\u0000\u00000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0016\u0011\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000i\u0010\u0000\u0000,\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0014\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000� \u0000\u0000\u0016\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0014\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0010\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000� \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000�\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000n\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000n\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000n\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000n\u0001\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0002\u0000�\u0000\u0000\u0000Importance of Being Earnest Discussion topics Comedy of Manners: a kind of \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/comedy\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014comedy\u0015 representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/plot\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014plot\u0015 usually revolves around intrigues of lust and greed, the self-interested cynicism of the characters being masked by decorous pretence. Comedy of manners tends to reward its cleverly unscrupulous characters rather than punish their immorality. Its humor relies chiefly upon elegant verbal wit and \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/repartee\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014repartee\u0015. Witty, ironic form of drama that satirizes the manners and fashions of a particular social class or set. Comedies of manners were usually written by sophisticated authors for members of their own social class, and they typically are concerned with social usage and the ability or inability of certain characters to meet social standards, which are often exacting but morally trivial. The plot, usually concerning an illicit love affair or other scandalous matter, is subordinate to the play's brittle atmosphere, witty dialogue, and pungent commentary on human foibles. The comedy of manners was first developed in the \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/ancient-greek-comedy\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014new comedy\u0015 of the \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/ancient-greek-2\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Ancient Greek\u0015 \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/playwright\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014playwright\u0015 \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/menander\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Menander\u0015. His style, elaborate plots, and stock characters were imitated by the \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/ancient-rome\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Roman\u0015 playwrights \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/plautus\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Plautus\u0015 and \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/terence\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Terence\u0015, whose comedies were widely known and copied during the \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/renaissance\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Renaissance\u0015. The best-known comedies of manners, however, may well be those of the \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/france\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014French\u0015 playwright \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/moli-re\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Moli�re\u0015, who satirized the hypocrisy and pretension of the \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/ancien-r-gime-2\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014ancien r�gime\u0015 in such plays as \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/the-school-for-wives\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014L'�cole des femmes\u0015 (The School for Wives, 1662), \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/the-misanthrope\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Le Misanthrope\u0015 (The Misanthrope, 1666), and most famously \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/le-tartuffe\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014Tartuffe\u0015 (1664). Satire: a mode of writing that exposes the failings of individuals, institutions, or societies to ridicule and scorn. Satire is often an incidental element in literary works that may not be wholly satirical, especially in \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.answers.com/topic/comedy\" \\t \"_top\" \u0014comedy\u0015. Its tone may vary from tolerant amusement to bitter indignation. Satire seeks to affect a change in the society it is mocking. High Comedy: evokes intellectual laughter, graceful, witty, elegant, mocks pretentiousness. 4. Oscar Wilde: Ever the aesthete, Wilde himself was profoundly affected by beauty and lived and dressed flamboyantly compared to the typical Victorian styles and mores of the time. He was often publicly caricatured and the target of much moral outrage in Europe and America. His writings such as Dorian Gray with homoerotic themes also brought much controversy for him but he was part of the ever-growing movement of 'decadents' who advocated pacifism, social reform, and libertarianism. While many vilified him, he was making his mark with style and wit and enjoyed much success with many of his plays. Wilde was lauded by and acquainted with many influential figures of the day including fellow playwright \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.online-literature.com/george_bernard_shaw/\" \u0014George Bernard Shaw\u0015, American poets \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.online-literature.com/walt-whitman/\" \u0014Walt Whitman\u0015 and \u0013 HYPERLINK \"http://www.online-literature.com/henry_longfellow/\" \u0014Henry Wadsworth Longfellow\u0015, and English author and social critic John Ruskin. His works have inspired countless fellow authors, have been translated to numerous languages, and have been adapted to the stage and screen many times over. After school Wilde settled in London and continued to write poetry; his first collection simply titled Poems was published in 1881. That same year he set off on a long tour of America and Canada to deliver lectures on aestheticism. He arrived back in Europe in 1883 and while not further lecturing lived in Paris, France. In 1884 Wilde married Constance Mary Lloyd (1858-1898) with whom he would have two sons; Cyril (1885- 1915), who was killed during World War I, and Vyvyan (1886-1976), who would become an author, penning his memoir Son of Oscar Wilde (1954) and publishing Oscar Wilde: A Pictorial Biography in 1960. The Wildes settled in Chelsea, London where Oscar continued to write and work for such magazines as the Pall Mall Gazette and became editor of Woman's World in 1887. In 1891 Wilde met English poet Lord Alfred Douglas \"Bosie\" (1870-1945), son of John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry (1844-1900). It was the beginning of a tumultuous relationship that would cause many problems for Oscar and eventually lead to his downfall. Alfred had a tempestuous relationship with his father that did not help matters. He disapproved of his son's lifestyle and when he learned of his openly living with Wilde, he set out to defame Wilde. For the opening performance of The Importance of Being Earnest in 1895 at St. James's Theatre in London the Marquess planned to publicly expose and humiliate Wilde. Oscar took legal steps to protect himself against the 'brute' but he ultimately won a case whereby Wilde was charged with \"gross indecency\" for homosexual acts. The outcome of the sensational trial was a sentence of two years hard labor which Wilde served most of at the Reading Gaol outside of London. After Wilde was imprisoned Constance had her and her sons' last names changed to Holland. Now prisoner C. 3.3, Wilde turned to his pen and wrote many essays, poems, and letters including one to Alfred, \"De Profundis\" (a heavily edited version was first published in 1905; the complete version in 1962). After his release from prison in May of 1897, Wilde wrote \"Ballad of Reading Gaol\" (1898) about the injustice of the death penalty and the hanging of Charles Thomas Wooldridge. Adopting the name Sebastian Melmoth, Wilde went to Paris, penniless, and is said to have reunited with his friend and lover of many years, Canadian journalist Robert Baldwin \"Robbie\" Ross (1869-1918), who was also executor of Wilde's estate. He took up residence in the H�tel d'Alsace on rue des Beaux-Arts. On his deathbed, Ross by his side, Wilde was baptised into the Roman Catholic Church and received Extreme Unction. Oscar Wilde died of meningitis on 30 November 1900. He now rests in P�re Lachaise cemetery in Paris; Ross' ashes were added to the angel-adorned tomb in 1950. Biography written by C. D. Merriman for Jalic Inc. Copyright Jalic Inc. 2008 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He had his first encounters with literature and writing early on. His father, a leading eye and ear surgeon, published books on archeology, folklore, and the satirist Jonathon Swift. His mother was a translator and was considered a revolutionary lyricist under the pseudonym \"Speranza.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.976493835449219, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - Infos - Art Market" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "In 1878, he first received literary recognition for the poem \"Ravenna\" and therewith the Newdigate Prize. Wilde took to London after finishing his studies. Oscar Wilde, who was admired as a writer within his prudish Victorian society, was also considered a dandy and scandal author. He married Constance Lloyd in 1884.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.890369415283203, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Biography - Infos - Art Market" }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author of 'A Critic In Pall Mall'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.515741348266602, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Home > Authors > Oscar Wilde books", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.526055335998535, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498937606811523, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Flahertie", "passage": "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854- November 30, 1900) was an Anglo-Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and short story writer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845685958862305, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "After leaving Portora, Oscar Wilde studied classics at Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874. He was an outstanding student, and won the Berkeley Gold Medal, the highest award available to classics students at Trinity. He was granted a scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he continued his studies from 1874 to 1878. While at Magdalen, Wilde won the 1878 Oxford Newdigate Prize for his poem Ravenna . He graduated with a double first, the highest grade available for undergraduate degrees in the British university system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214873313903809, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Wilde's sexual orientation has variously been considered bisexual, gay, or pederastic depending on how the terms are defined. His inclination towards relations with younger men was relatively well-known, and biographers have often recorded Robert Ross (who would be his literary executor) as Wilde's first such lover. Ross, a boy of seventeen when Wilde met him, was already aware of Wilde's poems and indeed had been beaten for reading them. By Richard Ellman's account, Ross, \"...so young and yet so knowing, was determined to seduce [Wilde].\" Later, Ross boasted to Lord Alfred Douglas that he was \"the first boy Oscar ever had\" and there seems to have been much jealousy between them. However, Niel McKenna's more recent biography, The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde (2003), demonstrates convincingly that Wilde was aware of his homosexuality from the moment of his first kiss with another boy at age 16, and had in fact lived with male lover Frank Miles (two years his senior) for several years before his marriage in 1884.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.000412940979004, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "On February 18, 1895, the Marquess left a calling card at one of Wilde's clubs, the Albemarle. On the back of the card he wrote \"For Oscar Wilde posing as a Somdomite\" (the final word being a misspelling of 'sodomite').", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218564987182617, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Now known as prisoner C. 3.3, at first he was not even allowed paper and pen to write, but a later governor was more friendly. Thus during his time in prison, Wilde wrote a 50,000 word letter to Douglas, which he was not allowed to send while still a prisoner, but which he was allowed to take with him at the end of his sentence. On his release he gave the manuscript to Ross, who may or may not have carried out Wilde's instructions to send a copy to Douglas who, in turn, denied having received it. Ross published a much expurgated version of the letter (about 30% only) in 1905 (4 years after Wilde's death) with the title The Letters Of Oscar Wilde .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317864418029785, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde books", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52382755279541, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Books - Biography and List of Works - Author ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Oscar Wilde facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Oscar Wilde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.568182945251465, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "The English author Oscar Wilde was part of the \"art for art's sake\" movement in English literature at the end of the nineteenth century. He is best known for his brilliant, witty comedies including the play The Importance of Being Earnest and his classic novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16972827911377, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Sexuality of Oscar Wilde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505640983581543, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "O Wilde", "passage": "On March 2, 1895, Wilde initiated a suit for criminal libel (a statement that damages someone's reputation) against the Marquess of Queensberry, who had objected to Wilde's friendship with his son, Lord Alfred Douglas. When his suit failed in April, countercharges followed. After a spectacular court action, Wilde was convicted of homosexual misconduct and sentenced to two years in prison at hard labor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.147990226745605, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Bloom, Harold, ed. Oscar Wilde. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2002.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371784210205078, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Ellmann, Richard. Oscar Wilde. New York : Knopf, 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19580078125, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Kaufman, Moises. Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353462219238281, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Pearce, Joseph. The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde. London: HarperCollins, 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.070329666137695, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "passage": "Woodcock, George. Oscar Wilde: The Double Image. New York: Black Rose Books, 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218923568725586, "source": "search", "title": "Oscar Wilde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is the 1951 collective security agreement which binds Australia and New Zealand and, separately, Australia and the United States, to co-operate on military matters in the Pacific Ocean region, although today the treaty is taken to relate to conflicts worldwide. It provides that an armed attack on any of the three parties would be dangerous to the others, and that each should act to meet the common threat. It set up a committee of foreign ministers that can meet for consultation.", "precise_score": 5.942887306213379, "rough_score": 7.040682792663574, "source": "wiki", "title": "ANZUS" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "The treaty came about following the close cooperation of the United States, Australia and New Zealand during World War II, when Australia had come under attack by a foreign power, Japan, for the first time in its history. In 1951, the United States was eager to normalise relations with Japan, particularly as the Korean War was raging a short distance from Japan. With the involvement of China and possibly the Soviet Union in Korea, the Cold War was threatening to become a full-scale war. However, the governments of Australia and New Zealand were extremely reluctant to finalise a peace treaty with Japan that would allow for Japanese rearmament. Both countries relented only when an Australian and New Zealand proposal for a three-way security treaty was accepted by the United States.", "precise_score": 3.53593111038208, "rough_score": -1.3423711061477661, "source": "wiki", "title": "ANZUS" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Several developments in Asia between 1949 and 1951 helped to change U.S. perceptions about the utility of a formal security arrangement. The communist victory in the Chinese Revolution in 1949 seemed to confirm fears that communism was spreading in East Asia as well as in Europe. In 1950s, the outbreak of the Korean War led Australia and New Zealand to commit troops through the United Nations and alongside the NATO allies, demonstrating both their concern over the threat of communism and their commitment to doing their part to help contain it in the region. Most importantly, the U.S. decision to end the occupation of Japan and seek a peace treaty was met with great suspicion and disapproval from officials in the South Pacific, and that made the United States more willing to develop a security treaty to gain Antipodean support for the final peace agreement. In April of 1951, U.S. President Harry Truman announced that negotiations on a tripartite security treaty between the United States, Australia and New Zealand would occur concurrently with the negotiations for a final peace treaty with Japan. Both treaties were concluded in mid-1951, and the ANZUS Treaty was ratified by the United States and entered into force in 1952.", "precise_score": 2.460749626159668, "rough_score": 6.005324363708496, "source": "search", "title": "since the signing of the ANZUS treaty in 1951 - State" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Several developments in Asia between 1949 and 1951 helped to change U.S. perceptions about the utility of a formal security arrangement. The communist victory in the Chinese Revolution in 1949 seemed to confirm fears that communism was spreading in East Asia as well as in Europe. In 1950s, the outbreak of the Korean War led Australia and New Zealand to commit troops through the United Nations and alongside the NATO allies, demonstrating both their concern over the threat of communism and their commitment to doing their part to help contain it in the region. Most importantly, the U.S. decision to end the occupation of Japan and seek a peace treaty was met with great suspicion and disapproval from officials in the South Pacific, and that made the United States more willing to develop a security treaty to gain Antipodean support for the final peace agreement. In April of 1951, U.S. President Harry Truman announced that negotiations on a tripartite security treaty between the United States, Australia and New Zealand would occur concurrently with the negotiations for a final peace treaty with Japan. Both treaties were concluded in mid-1951, and the ANZUS Treaty was ratified by the United States and entered into force in 1952.", "precise_score": 2.460749626159668, "rough_score": 6.005324363708496, "source": "search", "title": "The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security ..." }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "The treaty was previously a full three-way defence pact, but following a dispute between New Zealand and the United States in 1984 over visiting rights for ships and submarines capable of carrying nuclear arms or nuclear-powered ships of the US Navy to New Zealand ports, became between Australia and New Zealand and between Australia and the United States, i.e. the treaty has lapsed between the United States and New Zealand, although it remains separately in force between both of those states and Australia. In 2000, the United States opened its ports to the Royal New Zealand Navy once again, and under the presidency of Bill Clinton in the US and the government of Helen Clark in New Zealand, the countries have since reestablished bilateral cooperation on defence and security for world peace. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.059933662414551, "source": "wiki", "title": "ANZUS" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Australia and New Zealand both provided military units, including special forces and naval ships, in support of the US led \"Operation Enduring Freedom\" for support for anti-Taliban forces in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Providing 1,550 troops, Australia remains the largest non-NATO contributor of military personnel in Afghanistan. New Zealand committed 191 troops.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251999855041504, "source": "wiki", "title": "ANZUS" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Between 1999 and 2003 the armed forces of Australia and New Zealand deployed together in a large scale operation in East Timor, to prevent pro-Indonesian militia from overturning a vote for independence on the island. The United States provided only limited logistical support but provided air defence for the initial entry operation. The operation was taken over by the United Nations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14730453491211, "source": "wiki", "title": "ANZUS" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "At the onset of the Second World War, both Australia and New Zealand were members of the British Empire, so when Britain entered the conflict they did as well. During the course of the war, these two geographically isolated nations faced the threat of direct attack for the first time in their histories as modern states. As the Japanese expanded south into the Pacific Ocean, mainland Australia and especially the city of Darwin suffered frequent Japanese air raids in 1942 and 1943. After the sudden fall of the strategically important British colony of Singapore to the Japanese on February 15, 1942, the Antipodean nations expressed concern that the British Government was too focused on the war in Europe to protect its colonies properly and they began for the first time to look to the United States to help ensure their security.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.663112640380859, "source": "search", "title": "since the signing of the ANZUS treaty in 1951 - State" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "As the other Allied powers turned their attention to the reconstruction of postwar Europe and Japan in the post World War II era, the governments of Australia and New Zealand remained concerned about the possibility of future Japanese expansionism and grew apprehensive about the rise of communism, particularly in East Asia. Even before the war ended, Australia and New Zealand signed an agreement stating that they had common goals and would work together in the international arena; at the time, the agreement was for both nations the first treaty negotiated independently, and it reflected the concern that the major powers of the United States and the United Kingdom may not take Australian and New Zealander issues into account in their postwar planning. The signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949, in which the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States alongside the Western European powers committed to a mutual defense arrangement, further prompted the geographically distant countries of Australia and New Zealand to seek their own security guarantee and means of integration in the international system in the postwar order.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.681553363800049, "source": "search", "title": "since the signing of the ANZUS treaty in 1951 - State" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Although Britain also maintained an obligation to help defend Australian and New Zealander security as the leader of the Commonwealth, it was not invited to join the agreement. There were several reasons for the omission. One important concern was that extending the invitation to Britain would have required the signatories to open the opportunity to other European powers with colonial interests in the region. Another was the fact that British forces were already engaged in Europe and the Middle East, not to mention committed to the rest of the Commonwealth, making their actual intervention in the South Pacific in the event of a security crisis unlikely. Britain was also dealing with internal instability in its Asian colonies, including Malaya and Hong Kong, and that made the United States reluctant to sign an agreement that might obligate it to step in to resolve British colonial concerns. In any case, the British were already committed to U.S. security via NATO and to Australia and New Zealand via the Commonwealth, so its participation in a Pacific security arrangement with the United States, Australia, and New Zealand would have been somewhat redundant. All parties assumed that if the ANZUS Treaty was eventually extended to include other powers, however, the United Kingdom would be among the first to join.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.941497802734375, "source": "search", "title": "since the signing of the ANZUS treaty in 1951 - State" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Although ANZUS was never expanded, the 1954 creation of the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) included all of the ANZUS powers, as well as Britain, France, and several other Asian powers, eliminating the impetus to change the foundation of the ANZUS Treaty. Over the course of the decades that followed the signing of the ANZUS Treaty, the members met annually to discuss their shared interests and concerns. These concerns increasingly focused on the spread of communism rather than the potential for Japanese militarization. Both Australia and New Zealand sent forces to support the U.S. effort in Vietnam, though without formally invoking the treaty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.079728126525879, "source": "search", "title": "since the signing of the ANZUS treaty in 1951 - State" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "At the onset of the Second World War, both Australia and New Zealand were members of the British Empire, so when Britain entered the conflict they did as well. During the course of the war, these two geographically isolated nations faced the threat of direct attack for the first time in their histories as modern states. As the Japanese expanded south into the Pacific Ocean, mainland Australia and especially the city of Darwin suffered frequent Japanese air raids in 1942 and 1943. After the sudden fall of the strategically important British colony of Singapore to the Japanese on February 15, 1942, the Antipodean nations expressed concern that the British Government was too focused on the war in Europe to protect its colonies properly and they began for the first time to look to the United States to help ensure their security.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.663112640380859, "source": "search", "title": "The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security ..." }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "As the other Allied powers turned their attention to the reconstruction of postwar Europe and Japan in the post World War II era, the governments of Australia and New Zealand remained concerned about the possibility of future Japanese expansionism and grew apprehensive about the rise of communism, particularly in East Asia. Even before the war ended, Australia and New Zealand signed an agreement stating that they had common goals and would work together in the international arena; at the time, the agreement was for both nations the first treaty negotiated independently, and it reflected the concern that the major powers of the United States and the United Kingdom may not take Australian and New Zealander issues into account in their postwar planning. The signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949, in which the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States alongside the Western European powers committed to a mutual defense arrangement, further prompted the geographically distant countries of Australia and New Zealand to seek their own security guarantee and means of integration in the international system in the postwar order.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.681553363800049, "source": "search", "title": "The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security ..." }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Although Britain also maintained an obligation to help defend Australian and New Zealander security as the leader of the Commonwealth, it was not invited to join the agreement. There were several reasons for the omission. One important concern was that extending the invitation to Britain would have required the signatories to open the opportunity to other European powers with colonial interests in the region. Another was the fact that British forces were already engaged in Europe and the Middle East, not to mention committed to the rest of the Commonwealth, making their actual intervention in the South Pacific in the event of a security crisis unlikely. Britain was also dealing with internal instability in its Asian colonies, including Malaya and Hong Kong, and that made the United States reluctant to sign an agreement that might obligate it to step in to resolve British colonial concerns. In any case, the British were already committed to U.S. security via NATO and to Australia and New Zealand via the Commonwealth, so its participation in a Pacific security arrangement with the United States, Australia, and New Zealand would have been somewhat redundant. All parties assumed that if the ANZUS Treaty was eventually extended to include other powers, however, the United Kingdom would be among the first to join.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.941497802734375, "source": "search", "title": "The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security ..." }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Although ANZUS was never expanded, the 1954 creation of the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) included all of the ANZUS powers, as well as Britain, France, and several other Asian powers, eliminating the impetus to change the foundation of the ANZUS Treaty. Over the course of the decades that followed the signing of the ANZUS Treaty, the members met annually to discuss their shared interests and concerns. These concerns increasingly focused on the spread of communism rather than the potential for Japanese militarization. Both Australia and New Zealand sent forces to support the U.S. effort in Vietnam, though without formally invoking the treaty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.079728126525879, "source": "search", "title": "The Australia, New Zealand and United States Security ..." }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "In the wake of the Second World War and facing the rise of communism in China and Korea, Australia and New Zealand became concerned about the political situation in the Pacific region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69984245300293, "source": "search", "title": "ANZUS Treaty | National Museum of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "Both Australia and New Zealand felt that to achieve ongoing security and peace in the region, they needed to partner with the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.488495826721191, "source": "search", "title": "ANZUS Treaty | National Museum of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "This situation did however present an opportunity. Australia and New Zealand indicated they would support Japan’s rearmament, but only with agreement from the United States that it would assist them in the face of any hostility from another power. Australia and New Zealand proposed the ANZUS Treaty  and the United States eventually accepted despite some initial reluctance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.349614143371582, "source": "search", "title": "ANZUS Treaty | National Museum of Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia and New Zealand", "passage": "The negotiation of ANZUS was the first instance of Australia forming a political alliance without the involvement of Britain, causing some tension with ‘the motherland’. Britain believed that, as the head of the Commonwealth, it should be included. While it actively campaigned to become a joint signatory to the treaty however, the US, Australia and New Zealand refused to be moved on the issue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.264571189880371, "source": "search", "title": "ANZUS Treaty | National Museum of Australia" } ]

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[ { "answer": "50 miles", "passage": "The Panama Canal is around 80km (50 miles) long and links the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, running across the centre of Panama. Locks at the Pacific and Atlantic ends of the Canal either lower vessels to sea level or raise them up to the Canal. The Canal itself is made up of the Gaillard Cut channel and the artificial Gatun Lake. The lake was formed by the damming of the Chagres River.", "precise_score": 9.048025131225586, "rough_score": 8.326265335083008, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - History - British History in depth: Panama Canal Gallery" }, { "answer": "50 miles", "passage": "Panama Canal, Spanish Canal de Panamá , lock -type canal , owned and administered by the Republic of Panama , that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the narrow Isthmus of Panama . The length of the Panama Canal from shoreline to shoreline is about 40 miles (65 km) and from deep water in the Atlantic (more specifically, the Caribbean Sea ) to deep water in the Pacific about 50 miles (82 km). The canal, which was completed in August 1914, is one of the two most-strategic artificial waterways in the world, the other being the Suez Canal . Ships sailing between the east and west coasts of the United States, which otherwise would be obliged to round Cape Horn in South America , shorten their voyage by about 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km) by using the canal. Savings of up to 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km) are also made on voyages between one coast of North America and ports on the other side of South America. Ships sailing between Europe and East Asia or Australia can save as much as 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) by using the canal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.593166351318359, "source": "search", "title": "Panama Canal | canal, Central America | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "50 miles", "passage": "Although the French had attempted construction of a canal in the 1880s, the Panama Canal was successfully built from 1904 to 1914. Once the canal was complete the U.S. held a swath of land running the approximately 50 miles across the isthmus of Panama.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.198117733001709, "source": "search", "title": "Panama Canal - History and Overview of the Panama Canal" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Joseph Papp", "passage": "HAIR's world debut was in New York City in October 1967, off-Broadway, on the heels of the Summer of Love. Jerry and I had written HAIR for the uptown big theatre audiences. It was designed to invade Broadway territory, but we couldn't get a tumble from any of the Broadway producers. \"Not our cup of tea,\" they would say. We retreated from our firm intention, in response to an offer of a 6-week run for HAIR as the opening attraction at a new theater. The old Astor Library, gutted and under fresh construction, became The New York Shakespeare Festival Public Theater, and the producer Joseph Papp chose HAIR to be the premiere presentation in his experimental space, the Anspacher Theater. (Papp had produced free Shakespeare in Central Park for years, but was now branching out, to embrace the excitement of the avant garde theater movement.) Quite a wonderful opportunity, we thought; if we couldn't get HAIR on-Broadway, at least we could jump-start it downtown in the Joseph Papp spotlight of a new New York theater, in the East Village at that, where the play itself was set. As directed by Gerald Freedman, with choreography by Anna Sokolow, the \"Public\" proved to be a perfect \"out-of-town tryout.\"", "precise_score": 6.01161527633667, "rough_score": 6.851858615875244, "source": "search", "title": "Hairstory - Hair the Musical by Gerome Ragni, James Rado ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph Papp", "passage": "What is the Public Theater? Founded in 1954 by the legendary showman Joseph Papp , the Public Theater is one of NYC'c preeminent non-profit theaters. Dedicated to the development of new plays and musicals, the theater has spawned many Broadway shows (including \"A Chorus Line\" and both the original production and recent revival of \"Hair\" ) and has 40 Tony Awards to its credit. More here.", "precise_score": 5.251723289489746, "rough_score": 5.988748550415039, "source": "search", "title": "GATZ the Off Broadway Play - GATZ Tickets" }, { "answer": "Joseph Papp", "passage": "After an off-Broadway debut in October 1967 at Joseph Papp's Public Theater and a subsequent run at the Cheetah nightclub from December 1967 through January 1968, the show opened on Broadway in April 1968 and ran for 1,750 performances. Simultaneous productions in cities across the United States and Europe followed shortly thereafter, including a successful London production that ran for 1,997 performances. Since then, numerous productions have been staged around the world, spawning dozens of recordings of the musical, including the 3 million-selling original Broadway cast recording. Some of the songs from its score became Top 10 hits, and a feature film adaptation was released in 1979. A Broadway revival opened on March 31, 2009, earning strong reviews and winning the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for best revival of a musical. In 2008, Time magazine wrote, \"Today Hair seems, if anything, more daring than ever.\"Zoglin, Richard. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1828301,00.html \"A New Dawn for Hair\",] Time magazine, July 31, 2008 (in the August 11, 2008 issue, pp. 61–63)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.259902000427246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hair (musical)" }, { "answer": "Joe Papp", "passage": "The creators pitched the show to Broadway producers and received many rejections. Eventually Joe Papp, who ran the New York Shakespeare Festival, decided he wanted Hair to open the new Public Theater (still under construction) in New York City's East Village. The musical was Papp's first non-Shakespeare offering. The production did not go smoothly: \"The rehearsal and casting process was confused, the material itself incomprehensible to many of the theater’s staff. The director, Gerald Freedman, the theater's associate artistic director, withdrew in frustration during the final week of rehearsals and offered his resignation. Papp accepted it, and the choreographer Anna Sokolow took over the show.... After a disastrous final dress rehearsal, Papp wired Mr. Freedman in Washington, where he'd fled: 'Please come back.' Mr. Freedman did.\"Isherwood, Charles (September 16, 2007). [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/theater/16ishe.html?_r1&pagewanted", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.13082510232925415, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hair (musical)" }, { "answer": "Joe Papp", "passage": "Chicago businessman Michael Butler was planning to run for the U.S. Senate on an anti-war platform. After seeing an ad for Hair in The New York Times that led him to believe the show was about Native Americans, he watched the Public's production several times and joined forces with Joe Papp to reproduce the show at another New York venue after the close of its run at the Public. Papp and Butler first moved the show to The Cheetah, a discothèque at 53rd Street and Broadway. It opened there on December 22, 1967 and ran for 45 performances. There was no nudity in either the Public Theater or Cheetah production.Horn, pp. 87–88", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4023725986480713, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hair (musical)" }, { "answer": "Joseph Papp", "passage": "But after a 6-week run, Joseph Papp was done with it. He really didn't envision the future for it that the authors did. He had to get on with his successive productions, each one to run 6 weeks. Besides, no show had ever gone from off-Broadway to Broadway before.  Still Jerry and I were determined and knew that somehow, some way, we would find someone who would be able to help us move it uptown to the George M. Cohan Great White Way.  Sure enough, a man from Chicago, Michael Butler, had caught a performance of HAIR at the Public.  He was attracted to it by the Public Theater poster with the picture of five American Indians on it. He thought HAIR would be about Native Americans, a subject he was interested in.  He didn't know the show was about hippiehood, but he took it in and liked it so much that, although he had never been a producer of theatricals before, expressed the desire to move the Public Theater production to the Cheetah Discotheque in midtown Manhattan.  We liked the idea...it would get us geographically closer to Broadway.  The 3 of us gave him the rights to produce HAIR at Cheetah. This was a direct transfer of the Public Theater production, except that it had to start at an unorthodox curtain time of 7:30pm (B'way was 8:30 in those days), and it had to play without an intermission, straight through, so the disco-dancing could begin at 10pm.  Barbra Streisand and Otto Preminger, the famous movie director,  were among a hefty list of celebrities who now visited the Cheetah to see HAIR.  I was ouside the performance area and witnessed Preminger  leaving the show early, huffing and puffing through the lobby, with \"I want an intermission, I want an intermission!\"  When that engagement  finally lumbered to a close, Jerry, Galt and I had an adventurous plan. Based on what we saw on the Public Theater and Cheetah stages, Jerry and I had rewritten the text, and, with Galt, had added 13 new songs, expanding the score from 20 to 33 numbers. At first, Butler wanted to move the production from the Cheetah, as is, to a Broadway theater. But he soon found out how determined Jerry and I were. We wanted a new director whom we had chosen, Tom O'Horgan. We wanted casting to be done all over again. We wanted new designers, and, most assuredly, we wanted the rewritten, restructured, expanded script of HAIR to be done. Mr. Butler, a first-time producer, walked away from our proposal, probably figuring it would be too expensive for one thing. We started peddling the new script to uptown producers again, and a week later Michael called us to say he was agreeable to the new re-conceptualization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.00791335105896, "source": "search", "title": "Hairstory - Hair the Musical by Gerome Ragni, James Rado ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappi", "Flying Blue", "KLM Group", "Klm Ryl Dtch Airlines", "KLM asia", "K.L.M. Airlines", "Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij", "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines", "KLM Airlines", "KLM Meet&Seat", "Klm asia", "Koninklijke luchtvaart mij.", "KLM", "Royal Dutch Airlines", "Klm.com", "Klm", "Royal Netherlands Airlines", "KLM Cargo", "Klm.nl", "K.L.M.", "KLM Asia", "KLM AirCares", "Klm Asia", "KLM Airlines Cargo", "Koninklijke Luchtvaart Mij.", "Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V." ], "normalized_aliases": [ "klm asia", "klm airlines", "koninklijke luchtvaart maatschappij n v", "koninklijke luchtvaart mij", "koninklijke luchtvaart maatschappi", "klm aircares", "k l m airlines", "royal netherlands airlines", "royal dutch airlines", "flying blue", "klm ryl dtch airlines", "klm meet seat", "klm com", "klm", "klm royal dutch airlines", "k l m", "klm airlines cargo", "klm nl", "klm group", "koninklijke luchtvaart maatschappij", "klm cargo" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "klm", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "KLM" }

[ { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "The Dutch airline KLM made its first flight in 1920, and is the oldest continuously operating airline in the world. Established by aviator Albert Plesman, it was immediately awarded a \"Royal\" predicate from Queen Wilhelmina Its first flight was from Croydon Airport, London to Amsterdam, using a leased Aircraft Transport and Travel DH-16, and carrying two British journalists and a number of newspapers. In 1921, KLM started scheduled services.", "precise_score": 6.932190895080566, "rough_score": 8.499645233154297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "KLM is the world's oldest airline, established in 1919", "precise_score": 9.966615676879883, "rough_score": 10.031167984008789, "source": "search", "title": "25 Fun Aviation Facts You Never Knew | Flight Centre Blog" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "DELAG, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft was the world's first airline. It was founded on November 16, 1909 with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured by The Zeppelin Corporation. Its headquarters were in Frankfurt. The first fixed wing scheduled air service was started on January 1, 1914 from St. Petersburg, Florida to Tampa, Florida. The four oldest non-dirigible airlines that still exist are Netherlands' KLM (1919), Colombia's Avianca (1919), Australia's Qantas (1921), and the Czech Republic's Czech Airlines (1923).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.510190486907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "Like Imperial Airways, Air France and KLM's early growth depended heavily on the needs to service links with far-flung colonial possessions (North Africa and Indochina for the French and the East Indies for the Dutch). France began an air mail service to Morocco in 1919 that was bought out in 1927, renamed Aéropostale, and injected with capital to become a major international carrier. In 1933, Aéropostale went bankrupt, was nationalized and merged into Air France.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.446927547454834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "A more recent development is the airline alliance, which became prevalent in the late 1990s. These alliances can act as virtual mergers to get around government restrictions. Alliances of airlines such as Star Alliance, Oneworld, and SkyTeam coordinate their passenger service programs (such as lounges and frequent-flyer programs), offer special interline tickets, and often engage in extensive codesharing (sometimes systemwide). These are increasingly integrated business combinations—sometimes including cross-equity arrangements—in which products, service standards, schedules, and airport facilities are standardized and combined for higher efficiency. One of the first airlines to start an alliance with another airline was KLM, who partnered with Northwest Airlines. Both airlines later entered the SkyTeam alliance after the fusion of KLM and Air France in 2004.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96646499633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "* KLM has made the first commercial flight with biofuel in 2009.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466524124145508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "Tracing the genealogies of various carriers can be complicated, as many companies have changed names and identities. But most airline historians (there really are such things) agree that the world’s oldest continuously operating airline is Amsterdam-based KLM (that’s Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij for those of you speaking Dutch), which lists its founding date as 1919. Other pioneers include Colombia’s Avianca, also harking back to 1919, and even the national airline of Bolivia, LAB, which started flying in 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.590531826019287, "source": "search", "title": "Oldest Airline in the World - BootsnAll Toolkit" }, { "answer": "KLM", "passage": "In the USA, Northwest is the oldest, beginning operations in 1926. (Northwest’s pilot uniforms pay tribute to their airline’s origins as a mail carrier by featuring the words ‘US Mail’ in the center of their emblems.) As many people know, KLM and Northwest joined several years ago in the first of the big strategic alliances, but for whatever reason they never exploited their status as two of the world’s first airlines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.658467769622803, "source": "search", "title": "Oldest Airline in the World - BootsnAll Toolkit" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Eleanor Roosevelt", "Elenor Roosevelt", "Eleonore Roosevelt", "Eleanor: The Lonely Years", "Eleanor roosevelt", "Eleonor Roosevelt", "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, Sr.", "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Roosevelt", "Anna Eleanor %22Eleanor%22 Roosevelt", "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt", "Elanor roosevelt", "Eleanore Roosevelt" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "eleonor roosevelt", "anna eleanor roosevelt roosevelt", "anna eleanor roosevelt", "eleanore roosevelt", "eleonore roosevelt", "elenor roosevelt", "anna eleanor 22eleanor 22 roosevelt", "eleanor lonely years", "eleanor roosevelt", "anna eleanor roosevelt sr", "elanor roosevelt" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "eleanor roosevelt", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Eleanor Roosevelt" }

[ { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Dolley Madison popularized the First Ladyship by engaging in efforts to assist orphans and women, by dressing in elegant fashions and attracting newspaper coverage, and by risking her life to save iconic treasures during the War of 1812. Madison set the standard for the ladyship and her actions were the model for nearly every First Lady until Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s. She traveled widely and spoke to many groups, often voicing personal opinions to the left of the president's. She authored a weekly newspaper column and hosted a radio show. Jacqueline Kennedy led an effort to redecorate and restore the White House. ", "precise_score": -6.069447040557861, "rough_score": -10.170783042907715, "source": "wiki", "title": "First Lady of the United States" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Dear Quote Investigator: There is a remarkably insightful statement about self-esteem that is usually credited to Eleanor Roosevelt, the diplomat and former First Lady:", "precise_score": -3.9207680225372314, "rough_score": -9.931929588317871, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady: “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.”", "precise_score": 7.2258429527282715, "rough_score": 5.2337117195129395, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. - Eleanor Roosevelt - BrainyQuote", "precise_score": 3.527785062789917, "rough_score": -1.6099350452423096, "source": "search", "title": "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt was a debutante, an activist, and a reluctant first lady. Her Roosevelt family tree connected her not only to her uncle, the twenty-... Read full biography", "precise_score": -6.56442928314209, "rough_score": -9.970627784729004, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes - BrainyQuote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt, fine, precise, hand-worked like ivory. Her voice was almost attractive ... One had the impression of a lady who was finally becoming a woman, which is to say that she was just a little bitchy about it all; nice bitchy, charming, it had a touch of art to it, but it made one wonder if she were not now satisfying the last passion of them all, which was to become physically attractive, for she was better-looking than she had ever been.", "precise_score": -9.502622604370117, "rough_score": -9.579506874084473, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt? Reader’s Digest? Apocryphal? Anonymous?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490171432495117, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Did Eleanor Roosevelt really say this? Could you tell me where I can locate this quotation?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352559089660645, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41500473022461, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Recently, QI located some intriguing evidence, and he now believes that the creation of this maxim can be traced back to comments made by Eleanor Roosevelt about an awkward event in 1935. The Secretary of Labor in the Roosevelt administration was invited to give a speech at the University of California, Berkeley on the Charter Day of the school. The customary host of the event was unhappy because she felt that the chosen speaker should not have been a political figure. She refused to serve as the host and several newspaper commentators viewed her action as a rebuff and an insult.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99386215209961, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt was asked at a White House press conference whether the Secretary had been snubbed, and her response was widely disseminated in newspapers. Here is an excerpt from an Associated Press article [ERNC]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242753028869629, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Sometime between 1935 and 1940 some unknown person synthesized a compact and stylish aphorism based on the commentary made by Eleanor Roosevelt, and that statement was published in the Reader’s Digest. Roosevelt may have performed this reformulation herself, but currently there is no evidence to support that possibility [RDFI]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.182570457458496, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41500473022461, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "In June of 1941 the aphorism appeared on a newspaper page dedicated to the topics of “Home, Church, Religion, Character” within a column titled “Sermonograms”. The words were credited to Eleanor Roosevelt [HNFI].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.365914344787598, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "In conclusion, QI believes that Eleanor Roosevelt can be credited with expressing the core idea of this saying by 1935. Within five years the graceful modern version of the maxim was synthesized. QI does not know if Roosevelt or someone else was responsible for this. But QI does believe Roosevelt’s words were the most likely inspiration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.919879913330078, "source": "search", "title": "No One Can Make You Feel Inferior Without Your Consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Find on Amazon: Eleanor Roosevelt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366540908813477, "source": "search", "title": "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent ..." }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt, Advocate of Human Rights", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.283513069152832, "source": "search", "title": "Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt, Advocate of Human Rights" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Married to her distant cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1905, Eleanor Roosevelt worked in settlement houses before focusing on supporting her husband's political career after he contracted poliomyelitis in 1921. Through the Depression and New Deal and then World War II, Eleanor Roosevelt traveled when her husband was less able to. Her daily column \"My Day\" in the newspaper broke with precedent, as did her press conferences and lectures. After FDR's death, Eleanor Roosevelt continued her political career, serving in the United Nations and helping create the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.840311050415039, "source": "search", "title": "Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt, Advocate of Human Rights" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Selected Eleanor Roosevelt Quotations", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402613639831543, "source": "search", "title": "Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt, Advocate of Human Rights" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "She would rather light candles than curse the darkness, and her glow has warmed the world. (Adlai Stevenson, about Eleanor Roosevelt)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.868857383728027, "source": "search", "title": "Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt, Advocate of Human Rights" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes - BrainyQuote", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337923049926758, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes - BrainyQuote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270709991455078, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes - BrainyQuote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Find on Amazon: Eleanor Roosevelt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366540908813477, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes - BrainyQuote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt - Wikiquote", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394377708435059, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41500473022461, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Preface (December 1960) to The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt (1961), p. xvi; the last line was originally used in the initial edition of her autobiography: This Is My Story (1937)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.228033065795898, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Eleanor Roosevelt", "passage": "Preface (December 1960) to The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt (1961), p. xix", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342150688171387, "source": "search", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt - Wikiquote" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Super Bowl X was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1975 season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys by the score of 21–17 to win their second consecutive Super Bowl. They were the third team to win back-to-back Super Bowls. (The Miami Dolphins won Super Bowls VII and VIII, and the Green Bay Packers won Super Bowls I and II.) It was also the first Super Bowl in which both participating teams had previously won a Super Bowl, as the Steelers were the defending champions and the Cowboys had won Super Bowl VI.", "precise_score": 9.940136909484863, "rough_score": 6.582271575927734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Trailing 10–7 in the fourth quarter of Super Bowl X, the Steelers rallied to score 14 unanswered points, including a 64-yard touchdown reception by Pittsburgh wide receiver Lynn Swann. The Cowboys cut the score, 21–17, late in the game with wide receiver Percy Howard's 34-yard touchdown reception, but Pittsburgh safety Glen Edwards halted Dallas' rally with an end zone interception as time expired. Swann, who caught four passes for a Super Bowl record 161 yards and one touchdown, became the first wide receiver to be named the Super Bowl's Most Valuable Player.", "precise_score": 4.15861701965332, "rough_score": -3.8562393188476562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "The game was remembered for being the most exciting of the first 10 Super Bowl games. Swann's heroics and Lambert's 14 tackles and throw-down of Cliff Harris are the indelible images from the game. After being benched to start the 1974 campaign and being booed for most of his first four seasons in Pittsburgh, Bradshaw became the first quarterback to throw two game-winning touchdown passes in Super Bowl competition. The Steelers' bid for three-consecutive championships ended in a 24–7 loss to the Oakland Raiders in the 1976 AFC Championship game after a season that saw Pittsburgh's defense shut out five opponents and allow only 28 points in a 9-game span. The loss to Pittsburgh coupled with an early playoff exit in 1976 largely influenced the Cowboys to draft Tony Dorsett in the 1977 Draft to help infuse life into Dallas' offense. Dorsett helped lead Dallas to a Super Bowl XII victory over the Denver Broncos, who defeated the Steelers in the first round of the playoffs that year.", "precise_score": -2.7942864894866943, "rough_score": -5.689107894897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Pittsburgh and Dallas would battle in another thriller in Super Bowl XIII (also played in Miami). The result was the same, as the Steelers prevailed 35–31. But Super Bowl X was the game that began the rivalry between the two storied franchises. The Cowboys gained a measure of revenge by defeating the Steelers 27–17 in Super Bowl XXX following the 1995 season.", "precise_score": 6.204614162445068, "rough_score": 0.7166270017623901, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48911190032959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Meanwhile, even though Pittsburgh's offense lost a total of 12 turnovers in their two playoff games, the Steelers only gave up a combined total of 20 points in their victories over the Baltimore Colts, 28–10, and the Oakland Raiders, 16–10.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37468147277832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "On radio, Verne Lundquist and Al Wisk announced the game for the Dallas Cowboys Radio Network, and Jack Fleming and Myron Cope called the game for the Pittsburgh Steelers Radio Network. Ed Ingles and Jim Kelly called the game nationally for CBS Radio. Hosting television coverage was The NFL Today crew of Brent Musburger; Irv Cross and Phyllis George. During this game, CBS would begin using Jack Trombey's \"Horizontal Hold\" as the theme music. That would be used the following season for the NFL Today pregame show between 1976 and 1980 in its original form, with a remake for 1981 followed by updates for 1984 and 1989 before its retirement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165874481201172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "On the opening kickoff, the Cowboys ran a reverse where rookie linebacker Thomas \"Hollywood\" Henderson took a handoff from Preston Pearson and returned the ball a Super Bowl record 48 yards before kicker Roy Gerela forced him out of bounds at the Steelers' 44-yard line. Gerela suffered badly bruised ribs that would affect his kicking performance all afternoon. On the first play of the game, Steelers defensive lineman L. C. Greenwood sacked Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach, forcing him to fumble. Although Dallas recovered the fumble, they eventually were forced to punt. The sack was a foreshadow of things to come for Staubach, who was sacked seven times on the day. Pittsburgh managed to get one first down and advanced to the Dallas 40-yard line, but then they too were forced to punt. Steelers punter Bobby Walden fumbled the snap. Walden managed to recover his own fumble, but Dallas took over on the Steelers' 29-yard line. On the very next play, Staubach threw a 29-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Drew Pearson, taking a 7–0 lead. The score was the first touchdown permitted in the first quarter by the Steelers' defense in 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.1680908203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Instead of trying to immediately tie the game on a long passing play, the Steelers ran the ball on the first four plays of their ensuing possession, and then quarterback Terry Bradshaw completed a 32-yard pass to wide receiver Lynn Swann to reach the Cowboys' 16-yard line. Swann soared over the outstretched reach of defensive back Mark Washington before tight-roping the sideline to make the reception. Two running plays further advanced the ball to the 7-yard line. Then on third down and one, the Steelers managed to fool the Cowboys. Pittsburgh brought in two tight ends, which usually signals a running play. After the snap, tight end Randy Grossman faked a block to the inside as if it were a running play, but then ran a pass route into the endzone, and Bradshaw threw the ball to him for a touchdown, tying the game, 7–7. This marked the first Super Bowl that both teams scored in the first quarter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.024101257324219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Dallas responded on their next drive, advancing the ball 51 yards, all rushing, (30 of them on five carries from fullback Robert Newhouse) before incurring a third down false start penalty, and scoring on kicker Toni Fritsch's 36-yard field goal to take a 10–7 lead early in the second quarter. The 51 rushing yards the Cowboys amassed on the drive tripled what the Minnesota Vikings gained against Pittsburgh for all of Super Bowl IX. The Steelers subsequently advanced to the Cowboys' 36-yard line on their next possession, but on fourth down and two, Bradshaw's pass was broken up by Dallas safety Cliff Harris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.187948226928711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Later in the period, Dallas drove to the Steelers' 20-yard line. But in three plays, the Cowboys lost 25 yards. On first down, Newhouse was tackled for a 3-yard loss by linebacker Andy Russell. Then Greenwood sacked Staubach for a 12-yard loss. And on third down, Staubach was sacked again, this time for a 10-yard loss, by defensive end Dwight White. The sacks pushed Dallas out of field goal range and they were forced to punt. The Steelers' offense got the ball back their own 6-yard line with 3:47 left in the half. On the drive, Bradshaw completed a 53-yard pass to Swann to advance the ball to the Cowboys' 37-yard line; Swann's catch has become one of the most memorable acrobatic catches in Super Bowl history. On the very next play, Bradshaw just missed connections with Swann at the Dallas 6. Pittsburgh drove to the 19-yard line after the two-minute warning, but the drive stalled there, and ended with no points after Gerela missed a 36-yard field goal attempt with 22 seconds remaining in the period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270708084106445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Early in the third quarter, Pittsburgh got a great scoring opportunity when defensive back J. T. Thomas intercepted a pass from Staubach and returned it 35 yards to the Cowboys' 25-yard line. But once again the Steelers failed to score as the Dallas defense kept Pittsburgh out of the end zone and Gerela missed his second field goal, a 33-yard attempt. After the miss, Harris mockingly patted Gerela on his helmet and thanked him for \"helping Dallas out,\" but was immediately thrown to the ground by Steeler linebacker Jack Lambert. Lambert could have been ejected from the game for defending his teammate, but the officials decided to allow him to remain. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280231475830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "The third quarter was completely scoreless and the Cowboys maintained their 10–7 lead going into the final period. But early in the fourth quarter, Dallas punter Mitch Hoopes was forced to punt from inside his own goal line. As Hoopes stepped up to make the kick, Steelers running back Reggie Harrison broke through the line and blocked the punt. The ball went through the end zone for a safety, cutting the Dallas lead to 10–9. It was the second safety recorded in Super Bowl history, the first occurring a year earlier when White downed Minnesota's Fran Tarkenton on a fumble recovery in the end zone. Then Steelers running back Mike Collier returned the free kick 25 yards to the Cowboys' 45-yard line. Dallas halted the ensuing drive at the 20-yard line, but this time Gerela successfully kicked a 36-yard field goal to give Pittsburgh their first lead of the game, 12–10. Then on the first play of the Cowboys' next drive, Steelers defensive back Mike Wagner intercepted a pass from Staubach and returned it 19 yards to the Dallas 7-yard line. Wagner's interception came off the same play Dallas used to score their opening touchdown. Instead of surveying the middle of the field, Wagner watched Pearson and recognized the pattern. Staubach later said: \"It was our bread and butter play all season long. It was the first time it didn't work.\" The Cowboys defense again managed to prevent a touchdown, but Gerela kicked an 18-yard field goal to increase the Steelers lead to 15–10.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.977242469787598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "With 1:22 left in the game, Staubach started out the drive with an 11-yard scramble to midfield, and then followed it up with a 12-yard completion to Preston Pearson at the Steelers' 38-yard line. Pearson inexplicably ran towards the middle rather than running out of bounds to stop the clock. On the next play, Staubach couldn't handle a low snap but managed to recover the ball and throw it downfield for an incompletion. On second down with 12 seconds left, he threw a pass intended for Howard in the end zone, but the ball bounced off Howard's helmet and a Hail Mary replay was not to be. Had Howard positioned himself inches back from his position in the end zone as the ball came down he would have had a better opportunity to catch the ball and write himself into Cowboy folklore. Then on third down, Staubach once again tried to complete a pass to Howard in the end zone, but the ball was tipped by Wagner into the arms of safety Glen Edwards for an interception as time expired, sealing Pittsburgh's victory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29227066040039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Super Bowl X" }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Pittsburgh 21, Dallas 17", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.514710426330566, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl X Game Recap - NFL.com - Official Site of the ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "In the fourth quarter, Pittsburgh ran on fourth down and gave up the ball on the Cowboys' 39 with 1:22 to play. Roger Staubach ran and passed for two first downs but his last desperation pass was picked off by Glen Edwards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.283960342407227, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl X Game Recap - NFL.com - Official Site of the ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Pittsburgh 31, Los Angeles 19", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.521770477294922, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Dallas 27, Pittsburgh 17", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51429271697998, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Pittsburgh Steelers 27, Arizona Cardinals 23", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.523168563842773, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ..." }, { "answer": "Pittsburgh", "passage": "Green Bay Packers 31, Pittsburgh Steelers 25", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53575325012207, "source": "search", "title": "Super Bowl Winners and Results - Super Bowl History ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Ross Norman" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "ross norman" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "ross norman", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Ross Norman" }

[ { "answer": "Ross Norman", "passage": "The unbeaten run finally came to end in the final of the World Open in 1986 in Toulouse, France, when Jahangir lost to New Zealand's Ross Norman. Norman had been in pursuit of Jahangir's unbeaten streak, being beaten time and time again. \"One day Jahangir will be slightly off his game and I will get him\", he vowed for five years.", "precise_score": 3.502706289291382, "rough_score": 5.7109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jahangir Khan" }, { "answer": "Ross Norman", "passage": "Speaking about his unbeaten streak, Jahangir said: \"It wasn't my plan to create such a record. All I did was put in the effort to win every match I played and it went on for weeks, months and years until my defeat to Ross Norman in Toulouse in 1986.\"", "precise_score": 0.18637962639331818, "rough_score": 2.3838963508605957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jahangir Khan" }, { "answer": "Ross Norman", "passage": "Defeat came one day. Appropriately, it was in France, a country seasoned in violent overthrow. The date was 11 November 1986. The venue was Palais des Sports in Toulouse. The occasion was the final of the UAP World Open. The score was 9-5,9- 7,7-9,9-1. The victor was Ross Norman of New Zealand. It was the most sensational result in the annals of the game. Sheer amazement soon gave way to an odd sense of relief. Jahangir Khan was human. His detractors were delighted. They felt that his defeat was long overdue. In their view, his reign had always been rather suspect. They argued that his pre-eminence was due to the flatness of the surrounding countryside. He had no real competition. Old masters were on their way down. New, thrusting, young talents had not yet matured. He did not even have to beat some players. They succumbed willingly to his reputation. This is not true, forJahangir played and beat the ageing greats when they too were in their prime as players. He became simply too good for them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.754185199737549, "source": "search", "title": "Picture Album Of Pakistan | Page 3 | Pakistan Cricket ..." }, { "answer": "Ross Norman", "passage": "Jansher's challenge to Jahangir in 1985-86 was dismissed as the precociousness of an upstart and disdainfully rejected. The man was only 16 and a half. Jansher was true to his word, he beat Jahangir six successive times and then started a rivalry which contributed in no small measure to the acceptance of squash as a true international sport. These two were supported by Ross Norman (New Zealand), and the mighty Australian quartet of Chris Dittmar, Chris Robertson, Rodney Martin and Brett Martin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2075375318527222, "source": "search", "title": "Picture Album Of Pakistan | Page 3 | Pakistan Cricket ..." }, { "answer": "Ross Norman", "passage": "It is almost certain that D.J. Rutnagur has seen more top class competition squash than any other man alive. It is absolutely certain he has written more about that game than any other journalist. Rex Bellamy is perhaps better recognised as the recorder of the game through the 1960s and 70s, but in fact Dicky was writing about the likes of Mike Oddy, Abou Taleb, Jeremy Lyons and Mahmoud Karim before Rex moved out from the Times sub-editorial desk to cover squash. Before that he watched the great Indians and Pakistanis in Bombay and Karachi. He was alongside Bellamy as Hunt and Barrington brought the game out of the private clubs and public schools, and he was still following every drop and drive as Jahangir and Jansher took on the Australia�s Martin Brothers and New Zealand�s Ross Norman after Rex moved on to become the leading tennis writer of that period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3316309452056885, "source": "search", "title": "HertsSQUASH - Harrowsports - World Squash Awards" }, { "answer": "Ross Norman", "passage": "He has talked cricket with Chris Dittmar, tennis with Magdi Saad, rugby with Ross Norman, golf with Peter Nicol and ice hockey with Jonathon Power. On the job he is a walking encyclopaedia of past events, at breakfast before a working day he is astute and interesting on the day�s news, at dinner afterwards he is as fine a raconteur and jokester as the company demands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.438356399536133, "source": "search", "title": "HertsSQUASH - Harrowsports - World Squash Awards" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Gikuyu", "Kikuyu (disambiguation)", "Gĩkũyũ (disambiguation)", "Kikuyu", "Gikuyu (disambiguation)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "kikuyu disambiguation", "gĩkũyũ disambiguation", "kikuyu", "gikuyu disambiguation", "gikuyu" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "kikuyu", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Kikuyu" }

[ { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Jomo Kenyatta was born in Kiambu to parents Muigai wa Kung'u and Wambui in the village of Gatundu, in British East Africa (now Kenya), a member of the Kikuyu. His date of birth, sometime in the early to mid-1890s, was unclear even to him, as birth records were not traditionally kept. However, at least one biography gives his date of birth as October 20, 1891, a date so precise as to likely be apocryphal. His father died while Kamau was very young, after which, as was the custom, he was adopted by his uncle Ngengi, who also inherited his mother, to become Kamau wa Ngengi. When his mother died during childbirth, young Kamau moved from Ng'enda to Muthiga to live with his medicine man grandfather Kũngũ wa Magana, to whom he became very close.", "precise_score": 7.59344482421875, "rough_score": 7.8537468910217285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Jomo Kenyatta was born in Ngenda, Kenya in 1891. A member of the Kikuyu tribe, he was named Kamau wa Ngengi and later christened Johnstone Kamau by Scottish missionaries. He adopted the name of Jomo Kenyatta in the 1920's taking his first named from the Kikuyu word for \"burning spear\" and his last name from the beared belt that he often wore. Kenyatta became active in Keynan politics in the early 1920's as a member of the nationalist Kikuyu Centrant Association. By the end of the 1920's be became the nation's most infulential spokesman for freedom from colonial rule against Great Britian. Sent to England and Europe to study and garner support for his cause, he spend most of the 1930's at universities in England and the USSR. Although he remained in the UK during World War II, he kept in close contact with his followers back home. In 1946, Kenyatta returned to Kenya and was elected chairman of the Kenya African Union, the successor to the banned Kikuyu Association. Shortly after Kenyatta's return, a violent nationalist organization, the Mau Mau, was formed to oppose British rule. Aiming at various tribes that supported the British, the Mau Mau killed thousands of Kenyans between 1948 and 1952 which then erupted into full-scale civil war in 1953. Although Kenyatta always denied any connection with the Mau Mau he was the unchallenged leader of the Kenya's nationalist movement and it seems improbable that he did not have some link to the Mau Mau with a large Kikuyu organization. Kenyatta was arrested by the British on October 20, 1952 on charges that he was inciting the insurrection and was jailed for nine years. After Kenyatta was released from prison in August 1961 he continued his work for national independence which was finally granted on December 11, 1963 which made him a natonal hero. He became prime minister and then president of Kenya and dedicated the remainder of his life to helping Kenya build itself up from the long and destructive independence movement. The aged Kenyatta died in office in Nairobi on August 22, 1978.", "precise_score": 7.222128868103027, "rough_score": 8.014781951904297, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Jomo Kenyatta was born in or around 1889. He was born a member of the Kikuyu tribe in what was then british controlled East Africa. He was given the first of many names he would use in his long life, Kamau wa Ngengi. As a child he assisted his grandfather who was a tribal medicine man and attended classes at a Scottish Mission at Thogoto, west of Nairobi. In 1914 He converted to Christianity and took the name John Peter. By the first world war he was working as a clerk and living with relatives among the Maasai under the name Johnston Kamau.", "precise_score": 8.221141815185547, "rough_score": 9.37975025177002, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Returning to Britain he attended the University of London where he studied economics and anthropology. By 1938 he had completed his First book about Kikuyu customs entitled 'Facing Mount Kenya' which was published under his new and final name, Jomo Kenyatta. Jomo means \"burning spear\" and Kenyatta refers to the beaded belt, or kinyata, that he always wore.", "precise_score": 1.595706582069397, "rough_score": 2.6687419414520264, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kenyatta's major stated goals were unity, economic prosperity, and restitution. Looking to bring about reconciliation between tribes, and between tribal natives and white settlers, he assured white and Asian immigrants they would still be welcome in the new nation. Europeans continued to serve in his government and he sought to kept a favorable relationship with former colonial masters. Britain aided the new nation with money and support in the form of troops which remained in the country and helped the fledgling government against Somali rebels (Shiftas) in the northeast, an army mutiny in Nairobi in 1964, and a subsequent mutiny in 1971. Contrary to this, his major support was the tribal African native population, the Majority Kikuyu specifically, and they were his main concern.", "precise_score": -0.08465364575386047, "rough_score": 1.4547046422958374, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Jomo Kenyatta was a prolific writer authoring five books: Facing Mount Kenya (1938) , My people of Kikuyu and the life of Chief Wangombe (1944), Suffering Without Bitterness (biography 1968), Kenya: The land of conflict (1971), and The challenge of Uhuru (1971)", "precise_score": 1.9162006378173828, "rough_score": 4.007009029388428, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Born Kamau wa Ngengi into the Kikuyu tribe, Kenyatta lost his parents (Muigai and Wambui) early in life, and was brought up by his uncle, Ngengi, and his grandfather, Kungu wa Magana. His early education came via the Church of Scotland missionaries at Thogoto, about 12 miles northwest of present-day Nairobi, where he converted to Christianity and later changed his name to Johnstone Kamau—blending part of his original name with his newly-adopted “Christian” name. He took the name “Kenyatta” after the bead-strung leather strips he often wore as a belt. Around World War I, Kenyatta moved to Narok, west of Nairobi to live with his relatives who were members of the Masai tribe and there he also worked as a clerk.", "precise_score": 6.359042644500732, "rough_score": 7.1763224601745605, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta - Los Angeles Sentinel | Los Angeles ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kenyatta was born Kamau wa Ngengi in the village of Ngenda, Gatundu, in British East Africa (now Kenya), a member of Kik...uyu people. After the death of his parents, his uncle Ngengi and his medicine man grandfather Kũngũ wa Magana took over his upbringing; he became particularly close to Kũngũ . He went to school in the Church of Scotland Mission at Thogoto, close to Kikuyu Town, about 12 miles north-west of Nairobi. Under the influence of the CSM missionaries, led by Revd Dr John Arthur he was converted to Christianity in 1914 with the name John Peter, which he later changed to Johnstone Kamau. He moved to Nairobi. During the First World War he lived with Maasai relatives in Narok and worked as a clerk. In 1920 he married Grace Wahu and worked in the Nairobi City Council water department. His son Peter Muigai was born on November 20. Jomo Kenyatta entered politics in 1924 when he joined the Kikuyu Central Association. In 1928 he worked on Kĩkũyũ land problems before the Hilton Young Commission in Nairobi. In 1928 he began to edit the newspaper Muigwithania (Reconciler).", "precise_score": 4.261862277984619, "rough_score": 5.632114887237549, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta | Facebook" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "On December 12, 1963, the flag of independent Kenya billowed over the capital city of Nairobi for the first time. Flanked by thousands of other Kenyans, Jomo Kenyatta watched the unfolding of a 50-year-old dream that had sent him overseas to Europe , landed him in jail, and earned him the hushed admiration of his fellow-Kikuyu tribesmen. An astute politician known to his people as “Mzee,” or “The Wise Elder,” Kenyatta became the country’s first president in 1964. History remembers him as a brilliant communicator who stressed the importance of black African rule in Kenya and conveyed his message with stunning effectiveness to both his supporters and his opponents.", "precise_score": 3.396239995956421, "rough_score": 4.311972618103027, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Jomo Kenyatta never knew the exact year of his birth—only that he was born sometime in the 1890s into a tribe that had always counted people’s ages according to their initiation groups. This custom, part of a long tradition, had kept the group members loyal to each other even after the burgeoning Kikuyu population expanded into new territory during the nineteenth century. However, unchanging tradition could not barricade the people against outside events; it was powerless against both the drought of 1889-1890 and the evils of smallpox and cattle disease that sent Kikuyu fleeing back to their ancestral stronghold in the fertile highlands around Mount Kenya. On their homecoming, they met yet another disaster: foreigners had claimed their vacant land after Kenya became the British East Africa Protectorate in 1895. Furthermore, these foreigners could support their claims with 99-year Crown leases that virtually turned the Kikuyu into squatters on their own land, tolerated only as a source of cheap labor.", "precise_score": 7.343685626983643, "rough_score": 8.37902545928955, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Born Kamau wa Ngengi, c. October 20, 1891 (birth date is uncertain; some sources say 1890, 1893, or 1897), in Ngenda, Kiambu District, British East Africa Protectorate (now Kenya); took the name Johnstone Kamau, 1914; later known as Jomo Kenyatta; died August 22, 1978, on Mombasa, Kenya; son of Muigai (a farmer and herdsman) and Wambui; married Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Jane (daughter of Chief Koinange), and Ngina (four wives; no divorces, since Kikuyu society was polygamous); children: eight. Education: Attended University College, London; studied in Moscow , 1932; postgraduate study in anthropology, London School of Economics, 1937. Politics: Conservative Pan-Africanist. Religion: Christian.", "precise_score": 4.081000328063965, "rough_score": 7.539074897766113, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Jomo Kenyatta, also known as Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, is considered the founding father of the independent nation of Kenya . He became Kenya’s first prime minister (1963–1964) and first president (1964–1978). Acknowledged as a fascinating and courageous leader, his controversial life began when he was born to Muigai and Wambui as a member of the Kikuyu people. His birth name was Kamau wa Ngengi. His parents died while he was a young boy, and he spent time in his youth working with his grandfather, who was a medicine man steeped in the Kikuyu tradition. Kenyatta married his first wife, Grace Wahu, in 1920. They had two children, a daughter and a son.", "precise_score": 5.814026832580566, "rough_score": 7.514983654022217, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1922 Kamau adopted the name Jomo (a Kikuyu name meaning 'burning spear') Kenyatta, and began working for the Nairobi Municipal Council Public Works Department (once again under John Cook who is the Water Superintendent) as a store clerk and water-meter reader. It was also the start of his political career -- the previous year Harry Thuku, a well educated and respected Kikuyu, had formed the East African Association, EAA, to campaign for the return of Kikuyu lands given over to white settlers when the country became the British Crown Colony of Kenya in 1920. Kenyatta joined the EAA in 1922.", "precise_score": 1.9336563348770142, "rough_score": 4.358362674713135, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Jomo Kenyatta - First President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "He left home to become a resident pupil at the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM) at Thogoto, close to Kikuyu, about 12 miles north-west of Nairobi. He studied amongst other subjects: the Bible, English, mathematics and carpentry. He paid the school fees by working as a houseboy and cook for a white settler living nearby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937735557556152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "He first worked as an apprentice carpenter on a sisal farm in Thika, under the tutelage of John Cook, who had been in charge of the building programme at Thogoto. During the First World War, Kikuyu were forced into work by the British authorities. To avoid this, he lived with Kamba relatives in Narok, where he worked as a clerk for an Asian contractor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943562507629395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1920 he married Grace Wahu, under Kikuyu customs. When Grace got pregnant, his church elders ordered him to get married before a European magistrate, and undertake the appropriate church rites. On 20 November 1920 Kamau's first son Peter Muigai, was born. Kamau served as an interpreter in the Nairobi High Court, and ran a store out of his Dagoretti home during this period. He eventually married Grace Wahu in a civil ceremony in 1922. Grace Wahu lived in the Dagoretti home until her death in April 2007 at the age of around 100.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.8024320602417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "He entered politics after taking interest in the political activities of James Beauttah and Joseph Kang'ethe the leaders of the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). He joined KCA in 1924 and rose up the ranks of the association. Eventually he began to edit the movement's Kikuyu newspaper. By 1928 he had become the KCA's general secretary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.181438446044922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1928 he launched a monthly Kikuyu language newspaper called Muĩgwithania (Reconciler) which aimed to unite all sections of the Kikuyu. The paper, supported by an Asian-owned printing press, had a mild and unassuming tone, and was tolerated by the colonial government. He also made a presentation on Kikuyu land problems before the Hilton Young Commission in Nairobi in the same year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.718629837036133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1929 the KCA sent Kenyatta to London to lobby on its behalf with regard to Kikuyu tribal land affairs. Using the name Johnstone Kenyatta, he published articles and letters to the editor in The Times and the Manchester Guardian.Polsgrove, p. 6. He returned to Kenya on 24 September 1930 and was welcomed at Mombasa by his wife Wahu and James Beauttah. He then took part, on the side of traditionalists, in the debate on the issue of female genital mutilation of girls. He later worked for Kikuyu Independent Schools in Githunguri. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3761056661605835, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1942, he married an Englishwoman, Edna Clarke. He also published My People of Kikuyu and the Life of Chief Wang'ombe, a history shading into legend. Edna gave birth to their son, Peter Magana, in 1943. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.665513038635254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "While contemporary opinion linked Kenyatta with the Mau Mau, historians have questioned his alleged leadership of the radical movement. Kenyatta was in truth a political moderate. His marriage of Colonial Chief's daughters, his post independence Kikuyu allies mainly being former colonial collaborators (though also from his tribe), and his short shrift treatment of former Mau Mau fighters after he came to power, all suggest a lack of strong ties to the Mau Mau.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8015398979187012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kenyatta was re-elected un-opposed in 1966, and the next year had the Constitution amended to expand his powers. This term featured border conflicts with Somalia, and more political opposition. He consolidated his power greatly, and placed several of his Kikuyu tribesmen in most of the powerful state and security offices and posts. State security forces harassed dissidents and were suspected of complicity in several murders of prominent personalities deemed threats to his regime, including Pio Gama Pinto, Tom Mboya and J.M. Kariuki. MP and Lawyer C.M.G. Argwings-Kodhek and former Kadu Leader and minister Ronald Ngala, also died in suspicious car accidents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3018970489501953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "On 29 January 1970 he was sworn in as President for a further term. For the remainder of his presidency, Kenyatta held complete political control of the country. He made use of detention, appeals to ethnic loyalties, and careful appointment of government jobs to maintain his commanding position in Kenya's political system. However, as the 1970s wore on, advancing age kept him from the day-to-day management of government affairs. He intervened only when necessary to settle disputed issues. His relative isolation resulted in increasing domination of Kenya's affairs by well-connected Kikuyu who acquired great wealth as a result. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.050657272338867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "He is also criticised for having ruled through a group consisting largely of his relatives, other Kikuyus, mostly from his native Kiambu district, offspring of former colonial chiefs, and African Kikuyu colonial collaborators and their offspring, while giving scant reward to those whom many consider the real fighters for Kenya's independence. This clique became the wealthiest, most powerful and most influential class in Kenya. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5212202072143555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "His policies are also criticised for perpetuating a large income and development inequality gap in the country. Development and resource allocation in the country during his reign was seen to have favoured some regions of the country over others. His resettlement of many Kikuyu tribesmen in the country's Rift Valley province is widely considered to have been done unfairly. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89404010772705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kamau wa Ngengi was born about 1890 in the village of Ichaweri, Gatundu, in British East Africa, a member of the Kikuyu tribe. He was educated at the Church of Scotland Mission at Kikuyu, and baptized in 1914 with the name John Peter (which he later changed to Johnstone Kamau). During the First World War he lived with Maasai relatives in Nairobi, where he worked as a government clerk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0360140800476074, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta, first Prime Minister and President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1922, while still living in Nairobi, Kamau joined the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA), a political protest movement. By 1928, as secretary of the association, he was chief advocate for Kikuyu land rights. In 1929 the KCA sent him to London to lobby for their views; he also wrote articles to British newspapers about the matter. After a brief return to Kenya, he enrolled at Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, England, in 1931. From 1931 to 1946 he worked and studied in Western Europe and Moscow. By 1938 he had adopted the name Jomo Kenyatta (Burning Spear Beaded Belt), and it was under this name that he published Facing Mount Kenya, his thesis for the London School of Economics. During this period he continued to lobby on behalf of Kikuyu land rights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0278866291046143, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta, first Prime Minister and President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1920 he married his first wife, Grace Wahu, who bore him a son, Peter Muigai, and a daughter, Margaret Wambui. He took a position in the Nairobi city council water department in 1921, a position he would hold for five years. He began his political career in 1925 as one of the leaders of the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). In 1928 he was chosen to appear before the Hilton Young Commission in Nairobi to represent the Kikuyu people as an advocate in their land disputes. It was also in this year that he became the editor of 'Muigwithania', a newspaper dedicated to Kikuyu issues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.199597358703613, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "The KCA sent him to England in 1929 to lobby on behalf of the Kikuyu and their land disputes. While there he wrote articles for British newspapers concerning these issues, the next year he took time to tour some of Europe and Russia. After returning to Africa briefly, he departed for England again to present a written petition to parliament and give a deposition to the Morris Carter Land Commission. He attended Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham for a time before traveling to Moscow where he briefly studied economics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215587615966797, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1952 he was arrested for being involved in the Mau Mau Uprising, a revolt by mostly Kikuyu people who rose in armed rebellion against long simmering political, economic and racial tensions that festered under colonial rule. A state of emergency was declared and Kenyatta was indicted on the charges of \"managing and being a member\" of the Mau Mau Society. He was tried and sentenced to 7 years in prison with hard labor and to indefinite restrictions thereafter. Nine years after his arrest, he was freed from all restrictions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.960971355438232, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya - President Jomo Kenyatta - CACHE COINS" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "After marrying Grace Wahu in 1922, he became involved in the political activities of the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA), one of the early African protest movements. At the same time Kenyatta worked for the Nairobi Water Department and his first son Peter Muigai (named after his father) was born. He quickly rose within the KCA ranks and became the editor of its newspaper, “Muigwithania” (Reconciler).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.032922744750977, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta - Los Angeles Sentinel | Los Angeles ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1929, Kenyatta went to London, as a representative of KCA, to present his people’s demands for the return of tribal lands that were usurped by the Europeans and for greater autonomy (political and economical) in Kenya affairs. He had little success. Disappointed yet undaunted, he returned to Kenya deciding to become involved in education. He began working for Kikuyu Independent Schools in Githunguri until 1931, when he returned to London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3604621887207031, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta - Los Angeles Sentinel | Los Angeles ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kenyatta enrolled in Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham and for the next 15 years, he attended several universities, traveled extensively and published numerous articles, and pamphlets on the plight of life in Kenya under British rule. In 1938, Kenyatta published his first book, “Facing Mount Kenya” describing how colonialism disrupted Kikuyu traditions and the consequential indignities that followed the indigenous people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9369590282440186, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta - Los Angeles Sentinel | Los Angeles ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "He died in office in 1978 and was succeeded by the vice president, Daniel Arap Moi. Kenyatta served as one of the guiding lights of the so-called Dark Continent. He left a body of knowledge in several books that he wrote including, “My People of Kikuyu and the Life of Chief Wangombe” (1944); “Kenya: the Land of Conflict” (1944);”The Myth of Mau-Mau: Nationalsim in Kenya” (1966) and “Suffering Without Bitterness” (1968).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2145915031433105, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta - Los Angeles Sentinel | Los Angeles ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1929 the KCA sent Kenyatta to London to lobby for their views on Kikuyu tribal land affairs. He wrote articles to British newspapers about the matter. He returned to Kenya in 1930 in the midst of much debate over female circumcision. In 1931 he went back to London and enrolled in Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham. In 1932–1933 he briefly studied economics in Moscow at the Comintern school, KUTVU (University of the Toilers of the East) before his sponsor, the Trinidadian Communist George Padmore, fell out with his Soviet hosts, and he was forced to move back to London. In 1934 he enrolled at University College London and from 1935 studied social anthropology under Bronislaw Malinowski at the London School of Economics. During all this time he lobbied on Kikuyu land affairs. He published his revised LSE thesis as Facing Mount Kenya in 1938 under his new name Jomo Kenyatta. During this period he also was an active member of a group of African, Caribbean and American intellectuals that included at various times C.L.R. James, Eric Williams, W.A. Wallace Johnson, Paul Robeson, and Ralph Bunche. He also was an extra in the film Sanders of the River (1934), directed by Alexander Korda and starring Paul Robeson. During World War II he labored at a British farm in Sussex to avoid conscription into the British army, and also lectured on Africa for the Workers' Educational Association. He married Englishwoman Edna Clarke who gave birth to his son Peter Magana in 1943. He later left her to return to Kenya in 1946. See more", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5828683376312256, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta | Facebook" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "By 1902 Kikuyu lands were divided again, this time by the Uganda Railway built by the British to connect the Kenyan port of Mombasa with Lake Victoria. The railroad shattered tribal isolation forever, enticing the people into the new era with trading posts and introducing them to European missionaries bearing the messages of Christianity and education for their children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.37110710144043, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "The future president of Kenya enrolled in a Scottish-run mission school in Kenya’s Central province around the year 1909. Naked except for three wire bracelets plus a strip of cloth around his neck, he is said to have given his name as Kamau wa Ngengi. There was little about him to hint at his future role as Jomo Kenyatta: he abandoned academic life for a carpentry apprenticeship in 1912, though he stayed at the mission long enough to undergo both the traditional Kikuyu initiation into manhood and entry into Christianity, taking the", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.201272964477539, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Store clerk and water works maintenance employee for Nairobi Municipality, 1921-26; Kikuyu Central Association (KCA), secretary, beginning 1928 (organization banned in May 1940), KCA representative in England intermittently between 1929 and 1945; also worked as a teacher, farm laborer, and lecturer while abroad; co-organizer of 5th Pan-African Congress, 1945; Independent Teachers’ College, Githunguri, Kenya, vice principal, beginning 1946, became principal; president, Kenya African Union (KAU; political party), 1947-52 (also president in absentia, beginning 1944); imprisoned by British Government for alleged role in Mau Mau terrorism, 1953-61; president, Kenya African National Union (KANU; political party), 1960-78 (first year in absentia); Government of Kenya, minister for Internal Security, Defense and Foreign Affairs, 1963-64; prime minister of Kenya, December 12, 1963-December 12, 1964; president of Kenya, December 12, 1964-August 22, 1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.963581085205078, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "A social center as well as a place of business, the shop was an ideal place for customers to air grievances over the laws that were instituted after Kenya was declared a British colony in 1920. Several topics came up for discussion. A 1915 law extending white-held land leases from 99 to 999 years and placing all black-held land under the British Crown was hotly opposed, as was a registration act stating that all black males had to carry a kipande, or document listing their employment history and references. Taken together, these laws increased the squatter problem, especially when combined with a ban on profitable sisal (hemp) and coffee crops for black farmers. The Kikuyu resented this almost as much as they resented the hut tax now payable for each wife, complaining that tax money would be better spent on government-run schools.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44353199005127, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Discontented rumblings found expression in a rash of government-opposed societies. Kenyatta joined the fledgling Kikuyu Central Association (KCA) in 1925, later becoming secretary. Successful at increasing member support in rural areas, he soon earned himself an official reputation as a troublemaker by helping to shape a petition to the British government, asking, among other things, for permission to grow coffee and for publication of all laws in the Kikuyu language.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.483424186706543, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "By 1929 the KCA had not received a response from local government about either these grievances or the issues of land rights and the hut tax. Disregarding the local authorities’ assurances that they would have no success as an unofficial organization that did not represent all the Kikuyu, the KCA scraped together the funds to send Johnstone to England to consult the Colonial Office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331311225891113, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Nevertheless, he gained a chance to make himself heard, for the Kikuyu land loss complaint had at last found a British response. In 1932 the government appointed the Carter Commission to walk the precarious claims tightrope teetering between the powerful, wealthy settlers and the impoverished, aggrieved Kikuyu. Sir Morris Carter took statements from Kenyatta and others, then went to Kenya to inspect the lands. Finding that the ancestral territory around Mount Kenya had indeed been cut, he compromised by ruling that the Kikuyu be moved and compensated with less desirable land reclaimed from the thin strip of forest separating them from the Masai tribes. The white settlers were permitted to remain in the fertile area that would henceforth be known as the White Highlands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7125816345214844, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Having infuriated the Kikuyu by removing them from their ancestral stronghold, the might of the law moved on to the neighboring Wakamba. Outraged by the devastating effects of Carter’s dictums on their cattle-raising tradition, 3,000 Wakamba tribesmen marched to see the governor in Nairobi. Denied entry, they protested by swelling KCA membership rolls, which reached 10,000 by 1938.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.598444938659668, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "These explosive events were faithfully relayed to Johnstone in England. In turn, he publicized the Wakamba and Kikuyu complaints both in lectures given all over England and in articles published in the Manchester Guardian. The Colonial Office, however, refused to acknowledge him, though they had begun to keep a list of all his activities. Meticulously documented were Johnstone’s 1932 visit to Moscow, where he attended an institute for revolutionaries; his job teaching Kikuyu language at London University’s School of African and Oriental Languages; and a bit part he played in a movie called Sanders of the River, which brought him a friendship with the world-renowned singer and activist Paul Robeson. Also noted were details of Johnstone’s association with left-wing intellectuals who introduced him to the possibilities of Kenyan independence and black majority rule.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.620306968688965, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1936, despite the fact that he lacked a college degree, Johnstone went to the London School of Economics to take a postgraduate level class in anthropology from the distinguished Bronislaw Malinowski. Around the same time, he wrote a study of Kikuyu life called Facing Mount Kenya, depicting a complex African society that had developed free from European influence. To illustrate his pride in the uncorrupted Kikuyu culture, he was photographed for the book’s cover in tribal dress consisting of a borrowed monkey-fur cloak and a spear made from a sharpened plank. He also rejected the missionary-given name of Johnstone, deciding that “Jomo,” meaning “burning spear,” might be more appropriate. By way of a last name, he adopted “Kenyatta,” reminiscent of his little store in Kiambu. His book sold only 517 copies but was well received in academic circles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7570111751556396, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kenyatta was dismayed to see the traditional honor of the Kikuyu besmirched by dishonesty and violence. Despite government restrictions that made meetings difficult to arrange, he harangued his huge audiences with pep talks on the necessities for hard work, fair trade in the cities, and an immediate end to tribal violence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.179149627685547, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Oaths had always been part of the Kikuyu moral code. Underscoring loyalty to initiation groups, they were also a familiar part of each land sale, proving the seller’s ownership before new boundaries were marked by the stomach contents of a ceremonially-slaughtered ram. But Kikuyu acceptance did not automatically guarantee backing for oaths from tribes unfamiliar with the practice. Distrustful of the unknown, they withdrew their support. White Kenyans, citing Kenyatta’s enormous following and his familiarity with Communism, demanded that he be followed constantly by the Special Branch Bureau of Criminal Investigation. Kenyatta proceeded to reject oathing as a rural canvassing measure, but not soon enough to stop it from spreading in a perverted and most virulent form.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.130141258239746, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1948 Kenya began to experience a terrorist threat called Mau Mau. Its architects, both Kikuyus, were British army veteran Bildad Kaggia and trade unionist Fred Kubai. Like Kenyatta, they were bent on Kenyan independence; unlike him, they were committed to using any means necessary—no matter how forceful—to achieve it. Determined to force the whites out of Kenya, the men swiftly organized fighting cells in the Kikuyu-held forests girdling Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Range of mountains. Mau Mau raiders left behind them trails of strangled dogs and cats, disembowelled cattle with amputated legs, and human victims who had been burned alive or hacked to pieces with machetes. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Mau Mau is believed to have murdered a small number of white settlers and more than 11,000 blacks suspected of collaborating with the white regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.38737416267395, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "The new colonial secretary was Iain MacLeod, a man firmly committed to Kenyan independence and black majority rule. Moving briskly, by mid-1960 MacLeod had encouraged the formation of two political parties: the Kenya African National Union (KANU) was a coalition between the dominant Kikuyu and runner-up Luo tribes, while the Kenya African Democratic Union was made up of smaller tribes fearing Kikuyu domination. Once again in absentia, Kenyatta was nominated the president of KANU.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.801962375640869, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Anxious to avoid claims of Kikuyu favoritism, Kenyatta had carefully selected his first cabinet from each population group. Nevertheless, cracks in party loyalty began to appear early. Vice President Oginga Odinga, a self-confessed Communist, was later shown to have campaigned for anti-government support among the Mau Mau. Odinga resigned from Kenyatta’s government in 1966 and formed a new party called the Kenya People’s Union, which gained considerable support in the late 1960s. Kenyatta’s aura of invincibility was threatened by the opposition of Odinga and the Kenya People’s Union. He met the challenge with a grim warning later published in Time magazine’s November 7, 1969 issue: “We will crush you into flour. Anyone who toys with our progress will be crushed like locusts.” His first example was Odinga, who was placed under immediate house arrest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.587155818939209, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Gikuyu", "passage": "Facing Mount Kenya: The Tribal Life of the Gikuyu, Secker & Warburg, 1938.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.965742588043213, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "My People of Kikuyu and the Life of Chief Wangombe, United Society for Christian Literature, 1942.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.311997413635254, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Kenyatta entered local politics in 1924 when he joined the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). He created and began to edit a monthly journal for the KCA known as Muigwithania (The Reconciler) in 1928. Much of the writing in this journal was focused on cultural nationalism, unity, and moral ethnicity for the Kikuyu people. He also focused heavily on campaigning for land reform, ownership rights, and political rights for African people. The KCA sent Kenyatta to London to lobby for Kikuyu rights, and in 1931 he enrolled in Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, England . He later attended the Comintern School in Moscow , then returned to London to study at the University College London and the London School of Economics (LSE). He focused on social anthropology and economics, and published his LSE thesis in 1938 as his first book, Facing Mount Kenya, an ethnography of the Kikuyu people penned under the name Jomo Kenyatta. He was briefly married to Edna Clarke during this period, and she gave birth to his son in 1943.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9985975027084351, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "On October 20, 1952, Kenyatta was arrested by the British government and charged with being a manager and member of the society of Mau Mau. The Mau Mau revolution was a lengthy battle of the Kikuyu people against British control. Kenyatta denied any participation and countered that he spoke out against the Mau Mau because they were not working with the KAU. After a lengthy trial in 1953, Kenyatta was convicted and imprisoned for six years in Lokitaung, a region in northwestern Kenya. He was later sent into exile. While in exile, he was elected president in absentia of the Kenya African National Union, which later joined with the Kenya African Democratic Union to become one party. Kenyatta was released by the British government, and returned to government in 1961. He was instrumental in forming a parliamentary body, instituting a new constitution, and creating the republic of Kenya. Kenyatta is heralded as a great leader. He was also a noted author, publishing numerous books and pamphlets, including My People of Kikuyu and the Life of Chief Wangombe (1944), Suffering without Bitterness (1968, a biography), Kenya: The Land of Conflict (1971), and The Challenge of Uhuru: The Progress of Kenya, 1968 to 1970 (1971). He died in his sleep in Mombasa in 1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0151617527008057, "source": "search", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "A member of Kenya's largest tribe, the Kikuyu, he was one of the first and best-known African nationalist leaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2028071880340576, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 22 | 1978: Kenya's founding father dies" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "He was from the Kikuyu tribe, and one of the earliest and best-known African nationalist leaders. He became secretary of his tribal association in 1928, campaigning for land reform and African political rights. In England, he collaborated with other African nationalist students and in 1946, founded with Kwame Nkrumah, the Pan-African Federation. Returning to Kenya, he became president of the Kenya African Union that same year. In 1953, during the Mau Mau uprising, Kenyatta was imprisoned by the British as one of its instigators and sent to internal exile in 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4743305444717407, "source": "search", "title": "Kenya's first president, Jomo Kenyatta | African American ..." }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "First president of Kenya and prominent independence leader. Born into dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5265814065933228, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Jomo Kenyatta - First President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Initially, he worked as an apprentice carpenter on a sisal farm in Thika, under the tutelage of John Cook, who had been in charge of the building program at Thogoto. As World War I progressed, able-bodied Kikuyu were forced into work by the British authorities, to avoid this, Kamau moved to Narok, living amongst the Maasai, where he worked as a clerk for an Asian contractor. It was around this time that he took to wearing a traditional beaded belt known as a 'Kenyatta', a Swahili word which means 'light of Kenya'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.89260721206665, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Jomo Kenyatta - First President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1919 he met and married his first wife Grace Wahu, according to Kikuyu tradition. When it became apparent that Grace was pregnant, his church elders ordered him to get married before a European magistrate and undertake the appropriate church rites. (The civil ceremony didn't take place until November 1922.) On 20 November 1920 Kamau's first son, Peter Muigai, was born. Amongst other jobs he undertook during this period, Kamau served as an interpreter in the Nairobi High Court and ran a store out of his Dagoretti (an area of Nairobi) home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.994077682495117, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Jomo Kenyatta - First President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "In 1925 the EAA disbanded under governmental pressure, but its members came together again as the Kikuyu Central Association, KCA, as formed by James Beauttah and Joseph Kangethe. Kenyatta worked as editor of the KCA's journal between 1924 and 1929, and by 1928 he had become the KCA's general secretary (having given up his job with the municipality to make time). In May 1928 Kenyatta launched a monthly Kikuyu-language newspaper called Mwigwithania (Kikuyu word meaning 'he who brings together') which was intended to draw all sections of the Kikuyu together. The paper, supported by an Asian-owned printing press, had a mild and unassuming tone, and was tolerated by the British authorities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.697364330291748, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Jomo Kenyatta - First President of Kenya" }, { "answer": "Kikuyu", "passage": "Worried about the future of its East African territories, the British government began toying with the idea of forming a union of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika. Whilst this was fully supported by white settlers in the Central Highlands, it would be disastrous to Kikuyu interests -- it was believed that the settlers would be given self-government and that the rights of the Kikuyu would be ignored. In February 1929 Kenyatta was dispatched to London to represent the KCA in discussions with the Colonial Office, but the Secretary of State for the Colonies refused to meet him. Undeterred, Kenyatta wrote several letters to British papers, including The Times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.701914310455322, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Jomo Kenyatta - First President of Kenya" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd is an American contemporary R&B group that was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The original members of the group were lead singer Bryan Abrams (born November 16, 1969), Mark Calderon (born September 27, 1970), Sam Watters (born July 23, 1970) and Kevin Thornton (born June 17, 1969). The group sold 12 million records worldwide. The group has been well known in New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, parts of east Asia, the United Kingdom, other parts of Europe, Canada and the United States. The group has been on TV shows, commercials, their songs have been in movies such as New Jack City, No Strings Attached and Glee. The group has not only had songs in movies but has starred as themselves on top TV shows in the 1990s such as Beverly Hills, 90210.", "precise_score": 8.324576377868652, "rough_score": 8.341469764709473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In July 2010, Color Me Badd re-emerged as a duo composed of members Bryan Abrams and Mark Calderon. They headlined a concert in Hawaii (also starring All-4-One and Shai), and were well received by the audience and the local media. Later that year, Kevin Thornton reunited with the group. The trio first emerged together on the DirecTV gameshow Rock and a Hardplace hosted by Meatloaf. They raised funds for an L.A. charity group called \"FACE\" (a grass-roots organization bringing alcohol abuse awareness to youth) and competed against 1970s R&B group Divas. In early 2012, Mark Calderon and Bryan Abrams collaborated on a song with the Insane Clown Posse on The Mighty Death Pop!'s \"White Pop\" version's bonus CD called Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium. It is a soft R&B remix of the song \"Ghetto Rainbows.\" Although the song is believed to be a full Color Me Badd collaboration with ICP, it features Bryan Abrams and Mark Calderon only, and was also co-written by the duo.", "precise_score": 6.572404384613037, "rough_score": 7.088883399963379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In 2015, Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, and Kevin Thornton began a tour in Singapore as Color Me Badd. ", "precise_score": 5.911767482757568, "rough_score": 6.6981635093688965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd was a male R&B/Pop vocal group which was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in the early 1990s. The members were Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, Sam Watters and Kevin Thornton. The group, whose R&B harmony vocals and image that appealed to Pop and R&B audiences, were discovered by Robert Bell, a member of Kool & The Gang. The group had five U.S. hit singles from their debut album, C.M.B., released in 1991. The singles were 'I Wanna Sex You Up', 'I Adore Mi Amore', 'All 4 Love', 'Thinkin Back', and 'Slow Motion'. 'I Wanna Sex You Up' was also featured on the New Jack City movie soundtrack in 1991, and 'Forever Love' was on the Mo Money movie soundtrack in 1992. The group released four albums between 1991 and 1998, as well as a remix album in 1992. As their success faded, they group broke up 2000, with the members going about their separate ways. Sam Watters is a record producer who acheived success with a lot of Pop Music artists during the 2000s. Kevin Thorton is a Gospel singer and has recorded a solo album, Mark Calderon works in the insurance industry, and lead singer Bryan Abrams has recently appeared in a VH-1 reality show titled Mission Manband.", "precise_score": 7.920937538146973, "rough_score": 7.053592205047607, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Slow Motion - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd were a male R&B vocal group which was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1987. The members were Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, Kevin Thornton and Sam Watters.", "precise_score": 8.036328315734863, "rough_score": 7.925199508666992, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd is an American contemporary R&B group that was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The original members of the group were lead singer Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, Sam Watters and Kevin Thornton and later Martin Kember. The group sold 12 million records worldwide. The group has been well known in New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, parts of east Asia, the United Kingdom, other parts of Europe, Canada and the United States. The group has been on TV shows, commercials, their songs have been in movies such as New Jack City, No Strings Attached and Glee. The group has not only had songs in movies but has starred as themselves on top TV shows in the 1990s such as Beverly Hills, 90210.", "precise_score": 7.928664684295654, "rough_score": 7.7451653480529785, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Music on Google Play" }, { "answer": "Mark Calderon", "passage": "Thrust into the pop-culture spotlight, the quartet’s members each had a celebrity lookalike: Mark Calderon, who serenaded the “Beverly Hills, 90210” crew at the Peach Pit, was a dead ringer for ex-Wham! singer George Michael. Sam Watters, dogged by Kenny G comparisons, is haunted by the sax-y similarity to this day. Kevin Thornton, the Milli Vanilli lookalike, battled sex addiction and suicidal thoughts before Jesus told him to quit the group. And Bryan Abrams’ mug makes the most post-Badd headlines, although they’re from the police blotter.", "precise_score": 4.501903533935547, "rough_score": 5.921116828918457, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Bryan Abrams", "passage": "CMB’s Bryan Abrams said Kevin Thornton hated being compared to the", "precise_score": 0.22935478389263153, "rough_score": 1.8262938261032104, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd was an R&B vocal group that was formed in Oklahoma. The original members of the group were Bryan Abrams (born November 16, 1969); Mark Calderon (born September 27, 1970); Sam Watters (born July 23, 1970) and Kevin Thornton (born June 17, 1969). The group sold 8.8 million records worldwide.", "precise_score": 8.350701332092285, "rough_score": 8.759489059448242, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Although born in different cities, all of Color Me Badd's members-Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, Sam Watters, and Kevin \"KT\" Thornton-grew up together in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Like many young singers, the foursome began vocal training within the setting of a church choir, and were able to create a local reputation before entering high school. After taking on the name Color Me Badd in 1987, they plied their trade in the halls of their school singing the doo-wop style of harmonizing made popular in the 1950's. After performing at several talent shows, it was not long before the quartet had gained enough credibility to audition for high-profile musicians, such as rocker Jon Bon Jovi, whose tours brought them through Oklahoma City.", "precise_score": 5.680338382720947, "rough_score": 6.975353717803955, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd is an American contemporary R&B group that was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The original members of the group were lead singer Bryan Abrams (born November 16, 1969), Mark Calderon (born September 27, 1970), Sam Watters (born July 23, 1970) and Kevin Thornton (born June 17, 1969). The group sold 12 million records worldwide. The group has been well known in Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, parts of east Asia, the United Kingdom, other parts of Europe, Canada and the United States. The group has been on ... (展开) TV shows, commercials, their songs have been in movies such as New Jack City, No Strings Attached and Glee. The group has not only had songs in movies but has starred as themselves on top TV shows in the 1990s such as Beverly Hills, 90210.", "precise_score": 8.088373184204102, "rough_score": 8.202817916870117, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In July 2010, Color Me Badd re-emerged as a duo composed of members Bryan Abrams and Mark Calderon. They headlined a concert in Hawaii (also starring All-4-One and Shai), and were well received by the audience and the local media. Later that year, Kevin Thornton reunited with the group. The trio first emerged together on the DirecTV gameshow Rock and a Hardplace hosted by Meatloaf. They raised funds for an L.A. charity group called \"FACE\" (a grass-roots organization bringing alcohol abuse awareness to youth) and competed against 1970s R&B group Divas. In early 2012, Mark Calderon and Bryan Abrams collaborated on a song with the Insane Clown Posse on The Mighty Death Pop!'s \"White Pop\" version's bonus CD called Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium. It is a soft R&B remix of the song \"Ghetto Rainbows.\" Although the song is believed to be a full Color Me Badd collaboration with ICP, it features Bryan Abrams and Mark Calderon only, and was also co-written by the duo.", "precise_score": 6.572404384613037, "rough_score": 7.088883399963379, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In 2015, Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, and Kevin Thornton began a tour in Singapore as Color Me Badd.", "precise_score": 5.911767482757568, "rough_score": 6.6981635093688965, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd were a male R&B vocal group which was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1987. The members were Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, Kevin Thornton and Sam Watters.", "precise_score": 8.036328315734863, "rough_score": 7.925199508666992, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "BY,,DRB,Color Me Badd is an R&B vocal group that was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. The original members of the group were Bryan Abrams; Mark Calderon; Sam Watters and Kevin Thornton. The group sold 8.8 million records worldwide,,No Copyright (C) Infringement Intended.This Video & Audio Is Used For Entertainment Purposes Only.All Right's Belong To Its Owners", "precise_score": 8.153552055358887, "rough_score": 8.041913986206055, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Forever Love - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd is an American contemporary R&B group that was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The original members of the group were lead singer Bryan Abrams (born November 16, 1969), Mark Calderon (born September 27, 1970), Sam Watters (born July...", "precise_score": 6.478749752044678, "rough_score": 7.064575672149658, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd is an American contemporary R&B group that was formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The original members of the group were lead singer Bryan Abrams (born November 16, 1969), Mark Calderon (born September 27, 1970), Sam Watters (born July 23, 1970) and Kevin Thornton (born June 17, 1969). The group sold 12 million records worldwide. The group has been well known in Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, parts of east Asia, the United Kingdom, other parts of Europe, Canada and the United States. The group has been on TV shows, commercials, their songs have been in movies such as New Jack City, No Strings Attached and Glee. The group has not only had songs in movies but has starred as themselves on top TV shows in the 1990s such as Beverly Hills, 90210.", "precise_score": 8.350875854492188, "rough_score": 8.271414756774902, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Bryan Abrams", "passage": "In 2001, Bryan Abrams released a solo album entitled Welcome to Me. In 2007, Abrams co-starred in the VH1 reality TV series Mission: Man Band. In 2007, Abrams co-wrote and recorded an appearance on the Insane Clown Posse song \"Truth Dare\", which was released on the Psychopathic Records compilations Psychopathics from Outer Space 3 (2007) and Featuring Freshness (2011).", "precise_score": -1.8345812559127808, "rough_score": -2.0096685886383057, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In July 2010, Color Me Badd re-emerged as a duo composed of members Bryan Abrams and Mark Calderon. They headlined a concert in Hawaii (also starring All-4-One and Shai), and were well received by the audience and the local media. Later that year, Kevin Thornton reunited with the group. The trio first emerged together on the DirecTV gameshow Rock and a Hardplace hosted by Meatloaf. They raised funds for an L.A. charity group called \"FACE\" (a grass-roots organization bringing alcohol abuse awareness to youth) and competed against 1970s R&B group Divas. In early 2012, Mark Calderon and Bryan Abrams collaborated on a song with the Insane Clown Posse on The Mighty Death Pop!'s \"White Pop\" version's bonus CD called Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium. It is a soft R&B remix of the song \"Ghetto Rainbows.\" Although the song is believed to be a full Color Me Badd collaboration with ICP, it features Bryan Abrams and Mark Calderon only, and was also co-written by the duo.", "precise_score": 6.572404384613037, "rough_score": 7.088881969451904, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In 2015, Bryan Abrams, Mark Calderon, and Kevin Thornton began a tour in Singapore as Color Me Badd.", "precise_score": 5.911767482757568, "rough_score": 6.698163986206055, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd had five U.S. hit singles from their debut album C.M.B. throughout 1991 and 1992. These were \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" (U.S. #2), \"I Adore Mi Amor\" (U.S. #1), \"All 4 Love\" (U.S. #1), \"Thinkin' Back\" (U.S. #16) and \"Slow Motion\" (U.S. #18). \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" was also on the New Jack City soundtrack and hit number one in the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270126342773438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd performed at the 1991 Smash Hits Poll Winners' Awards in the United Kingdom, winning the Best New Group trophy. In January 1992, they were awarded the Favorite Single R&B/Soul trophy at the 19th annual American Music Awards, held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In March 1992, Color Me Badd won the Best R&B/Soul Single and Song of the Year categories at the sixth annual Soul Train Music Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.040563583374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The group's third album, Time and Chance, was released in November 1993. A hugely ambitious project, consisting of nineteen new tracks, this album represented a slight shift in musical style for Color Me Badd. Working with top producers including David Foster, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, a more soulful and funky sound had clearly emerged. Although some critics gave it positive reviews, the album did not fare well on the Billboard Album Charts, peaking at #56. It was certified gold in the U.S., for shipments of more than 500,000 units. With the music industry at the time embracing groups such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, it was difficult for Color Me Badd to deliver the same success on the singles charts as they had done before. The album's title track, \"Time and Chance\", peaked at U.S. #21, while its follow up \"Choose\" also topped out at U.S. #23.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.602537155151367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After moving to Epic Records, Color Me Badd's fifth album, Awakening, was released in July 1998. Remaining true to their R&B roots, they again received critical acclaim for their vocal harmonies. \"Remember When\" achieved minor success on radio and has a companion video shot as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168560981750488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Mark Calderon continues to write and produce music for various artists including new music for Color Me Badd. He has worked with artists such as Stevie Brock who re-made the hit single \"All For Love\" which reached #1 on Disney Charts, worked with the artist IPV who is signed with Wright Entertainment as well as getting songs played on the hit series \"House MD\" and \"Knight Rider\". He continues to write and produce music. He has been a part of several mission trips to help those less fortunate and continues to be involved with helping the needy. He married Lisa Smedley-Calderon in 1992 who was their fashion stylist and who worked with entertainers such as Whitney Houston, Ralph Tresvant, Bobby Brown,Carmen Electra as well as many other artists and commercials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.175516128540039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Bryan Abrams", "passage": "In 2001, Bryan Abrams released a solo album entitled Welcome to Me. In 2007, Abrams co-starred in the VH1 reality TV series Mission: Man Band. In 2007, Abrams co-wrote and recorded an appearance on the Insane Clown Posse song \"Truth Dare\", which was released on the Psychopathic Records compilations Psychopathics from Outer Space 3 (2007) and Featuring Freshness (2011).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.009671449661255, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In 2013 Color Me Badd launched their official website colormebaddmusic.com.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462340354919434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "On April 30, 2016, Color Me Badd played a concert for U.S. Armed Forces at Okuma Beach, Okinawa, Japan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363138198852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Color Me Badd" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd - Slow Motion - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528438568115234, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Slow Motion - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd - Slow Motion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.512554168701172, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Slow Motion - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47228717803955, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd performed at the 1991 Smash Hits Poll Winners Awards in the UK, winning the Best New Group trophy. In January 1992, they were awarded the Favourite Single, Soul/R&B trophy at the 19th annual American Music Awards, held at the Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. March 1992 also saw Color Me Badd win the Best R&B / Soul Single, and Song Of The Year, categories at the sixth annual Soul Train Music Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.071874618530273, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The group's third album Time & Chance was released in November 1993. A hugely ambitious project, consisting of nineteen new tracks, this album represented a slight shift in musical style for Color Me Badd. Working with top producers including David Foster, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, a more soulful and funky sound had clearly emerged.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.464285850524902, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Although some critics gave it positive reviews, the album did not fare well on the Billboard Album Charts, eventually peaking at #56. With the music industry at the time embracing groups such as Nirvana, Guns N' Roses and Pearl Jam, it was difficult for Color Me Badd to deliver the same success on the singles charts as they had done before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.113792419433594, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After moving to Epic Records, Color Me Badd's fifth album, Awakening, was released in July 1998. Remaining true to their R&B roots, they again received critical acclaim for their vocal harmonies. \"Remember When\" achieved minor success on radio and has a companion video shot as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168560981750488, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The original members of Color Me Badd officially disbanded in November 1998, culminating in the release of their best of set,The Best of Color Me Badd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181456565856934, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd - Music on Google Play", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50396728515625, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Music on Google Play" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462464332580566, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Music on Google Play" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Time and Chance is platinum selling R&B quartet Color Me Badd's second full-length studio album. Released in 1993, it was an extremely versatile album. Combining elements of jazz, Latin and Hip-Hop...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356246948242188, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Music on Google Play" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "C.M.B. is the debut album of American recording act Color Me Badd, released July 23, 1991, on Giant Records. It was produced by several record producers, including Dr. Freeze, Nick Mundy, and Howie...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92394733428955, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Music on Google Play" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their whole story in one place, until now | Oklahoma Gazette", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264663696289062, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their whole story in one place, until now", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272199630737305, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The MTV cartoon character was commenting on Color Me Badd, a band from Oklahoma City’s Northwest Classen High School hitting it big with “I Wanna Sex You Up” in 1991. Wearing brightly colored suits and gyrating to rehearsed choreography, the pop supernova exploded with two follow-up No. 1 singles, a triple-platinum debut album and nine Top 40 hits before disbanding in 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.085189819335938, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Bad", "passage": " “Remington Park was open, and there was this horse called Color Me Bad,” he said. “Sam actually found the name looking through the newspaper. That gave us an idea.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810951232910156, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Here are some kaleidoscopic pop-culture encounters with Color Me Badd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43617057800293, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Mark Calderon", "passage": "CMB hit it off with the cast … mostly. Mark Calderon said Garth was", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.496280670166016, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Mark Calderon", "passage": "anything on him,” CMB’s Mark Calderon said. “I remember, he came in with", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.298293113708496, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Bryan Abrams", "passage": "Bryan Abrams’ arrest record is well-known. Besides drunk driving", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.768380165100098, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Mark Calderon", "passage": "Mark Calderon said Abrams needs to deal with alcoholism and psychiatric issues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.382983684539795, "source": "search", "title": "The former Color Me Badd members have never told their ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530494689941406, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Emerging in 1991 with the album C.M.B., Color Me Badd helped to define the smooth R&B trend called \"New Jackswing.\" Whether the band's actual influence upon later acts such as Boyz II Men was as decisive as Color Me Badd themselves would claim is debatable, but they were among the first in the 1990s to popularize a blend of rap, classic R&B, and harmonized ballads in one package. However, after their sudden appearance into the limelight, Color Me Badd slid back towards obscurity with a pair of follow albums that failed to recapture the chemistry of their debut.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.070138931274414, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "When Robert Bell of the group Kool and the Gang saw the group perform, he was impressed enough to pull then necessary strings to land Color Me Badd their own manager. However, after relocating to New York City in hopes of making their break, the act found themselves back in a sea of show business contenders. \"It was a struggle,\" Watters later told Bill Francis of Billboard. \"For a year and a half, we slept on the floor of the one-bedroom apartment we were sharing with one of our managers.\" After that period of dogged perseverance, Color Me Badd was signed to Giant Records in August of 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.556234359741211, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Having been struck by the sensual feel of Color Me Badd's demo tapes, Giant executive Cassandra Mills decided to unveil her new signing act in an upcoming film soundtrack, New Jack City, a gritty 1991 crime film in need of a soulful, erotic number. After Mills delegated the writing duties to producer Dr. Freeze, who had given the group Bell Biv DeVoe their hit \"Do Me,\" Color Me Badd delivered the song \"I Wanna Sex You Up.\" Flavoring the cut with their own barbershop quartet nuances, Color Me Badd's result became the biggest hit of the New Jack Citysoundtrack and caused Giant to slate the group's debut album for as early a release as possible. The single release of \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" cut to the head of sales charts, and Color Me Badd were suddenly in demand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.912029266357422, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "As the New Jack City album offered no photos of Color Me Badd, many listeners were surprised to find that four-piece was comprised of various ethnic backgrounds. \"A lot of people were surprised that we're not an all-black group,\" Abrams told Francis. \"So when people listened to our song, they liked it for what it sounded like, not what we looked like.\" The band's blurring of color lines in the face of an often segregated market was refreshing, and in fact is at the heart of Color Me Badd's moniker. \"The name Color Me Badd is a state of mind,\" said Thornton. \"Color me 'bad' or don't color me anything at all. The type of music that we have doesn't have a color. It comes from within.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.283586502075195, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "By summer of 1991, the group released C.M.B., proving they were more than one-hit wonders. Expanding upon their self-named style of \"hip-hop-doo-wop,\" Color Me Badd crooned a collection of ballads and funk-laced pop tune such as \"I Adore Mi Amor\" and \"All For Love,\" both of which were Number One singles. However, while C.M.B. was embraced by record buyers, critics found the record formulaic, if amiable enough. \"[T]he group itself is fairly evidently fabricated to marketing specifications,\" wrote Mim Udovitch in Village Voice. \"They don't play any instruments, they don't write most of their material, and though they sing and rap nicely, if unremarkably, for all I know it's not even their vocals. None of which detracts from the album's slight but satisfying charm in the least.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.741498947143555, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" racked up statues at various music awards, Color Me Badd set themselves to work on their follow up album. Perhaps in response to charges of being studio pawns, the quartet helped pen the cuts for their next release, albeit under the guidance of a bevy of experienced producers that included DJ Pooh, David Foster, and the team of Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The resulting songs, which appeared on the 1993 album, Time and Chance, bore a passing resemblance to the R&B groups of the 1960s that had influenced Color Me Badd, such as the Temptations and the Four Tops. \"Once [our producers] heard tracks like 'Trust Me' and 'God Is Love,' Abrams toldBillboard's David Nathan, \"they got the direction we were going in. It's more of a an adult sound, because we're growing, and it reflects our love for older music.\" Unfortunately, few of Time and Chance's 14 tracks were as catchy as the group's earlier singles, and the album withdrew from the public eye after a brief chart sojourn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.240942001342773, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The group counted their losses and took some time off before returning to the studio, writing songs for other pop singers, including Paula Abdul. When Color Me Badd returned it was with an even larger arsenal of producers than onTime and Chance, most notably Grammy winner Babyface and Narada Michael Walden, who was an uplifting force for Color Me Badd's members. \"Working with Narada was an incredible experience,\" Watters remarked on the band's internet homepage. \"He would light candles in the studio, set up props, do anything to make us really feel what the song was saying. It was very inspirational.\" In addition, the band prefaced their new album with a fairly successful live tour of Asia, where their popularity had not waned as radically as it had in North America. Nevertheless, the resultingNow and Forever, released in 1996, was Color Me Badd's biggest disappointment to date.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411067962646484, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Almost completely ignored by critics, Now and Forever bore signs of being a calculated effort to recapture the formula that had made C.M.B. so popular. The first single, \"Sexual Capacity,\" was another steamy soundtrack tune, featured in the film Striptease, but whereas the similarly themed \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" had became a summer anthem, \"Sexual Capacity\" was cast into the deepest reaches of the charts. In spite of such an abysmal reception, Color Me Badd band remained undaunted in interviews at the time, and even claimed responsibility for the influx of male vocal groups that had recorded in the wake of C.M.B.. \"We know a lot of groups have come along since we started recording in 1991,\" Watters claimed in a 1996 online interview, \"and we know we were the first to hit it big. It makes us feel good when some of these newer groups let us know we inspire them.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04703140258789, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After moving to Epic Records, Color Me Badd's fifth album, Awakening, was released in July 1998. Remaining true to their R&B roots, they again received critical acclaim for their vocal harmonies. \"Remember When\" achieved minor success on radio and has a companion video shot as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168560981750488, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After Epic Records decided not to renew the band's recording deal, Color Me Badd officially disbanded in May 2000, culminating in the release of their best of set,The Best of Color Me Badd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215258598327637, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Mark Calderon", "passage": "Mark Calderon currently resides in Cincinnati, Ohio and works for a local insurance company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.046406745910645, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd Picture Gallery", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.444731712341309, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd - 必应", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.461688995361328, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462464332580566, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd Early success", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476753234863281, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd had five U.S. hit singles from their debut album C.M.B. throughout 1991 and 1992. These were \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" (U.S. #2), \"I Adore Mi Amor\" (U.S. #1), \"All 4 Love\" (U.S. #1), \"Thinkin' Back\" (U.S. #16) and \"Slow Motion\" (U.S. #18). \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" was also on the New Jack City soundtrack and hit number one in the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270126342773438, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd performed at the 1991 Smash Hits Poll Winners' Awards in the United Kingdom, winning the Best New Group trophy. In January 1992, they were awarded the Favorite Single R&B/Soul trophy at the 19th annual American Music Awards, held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In March 1992, Color Me Badd won the Best R&B/Soul Single and Song of the Year categories at the sixth annual Soul Train Music Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.040563583374023, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The group's third album, Time and Chance, was released in November 1993. A hugely ambitious project, consisting of nineteen new tracks, this album represented a slight shift in musical style for Color Me Badd. Working with top producers including David Foster, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, a more soulful and funky sound had clearly emerged. Although some critics gave it positive reviews, the album did not fare well on the Billboard Album Charts, peaking at #56. It was certified gold in the U.S., for shipments of more than 500,000 units. With the music industry at the time embracing groups such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, it was difficult for Color Me Badd to deliver the same success on the singles charts as they had done before. The album's title track, \"Time and Chance\", peaked at U.S. #21, while its follow up \"Choose\" also topped out at U.S. #23.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.602537155151367, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After moving to Epic Records, Color Me Badd's fifth album, Awakening, was released in July 1998. Remaining true to their R&B roots, they again received critical acclaim for their vocal harmonies. \"Remember When\" achieved minor success on radio and has a companion video shot as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168560981750488, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Mark Calderon continues to write and produce music for various artists including new music for Color Me Badd. He has worked with artists such as Stevie Brock who re-made the hit single \"All For Love\" which reached #1 on Disney Charts, worked with the artist IPV who is signed with Wright Entertainment as well as getting songs played on the hit series \"House MD\" and \"Knight Rider\". He continues to write and produce music. He has been a part of several mission trips to help those less fortunate and continues to be involved with helping the needy. He married Lisa Smedley-Calderon in 1992 who was their fashion stylist and who worked with entertainers such as Whitney Houston, Ralph Tresvant, Bobby Brown,Carmen Electra as well as many other artists and commercials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.175516128540039, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Bryan Abrams", "passage": "In 2001, Bryan Abrams released a solo album entitled Welcome to Me. In 2007, Abrams co-starred in the VH1 reality TV series Mission: Man Band. In 2007, Abrams co-wrote and recorded an appearance on the Insane Clown Posse song \"Truth Dare\", which was released on the Psychopathic Records compilations Psychopathics from Outer Space 3 (2007) and Featuring Freshness (2011).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.009671449661255, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd Reunion", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466094017028809, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In 2013 Color Me Badd launched their official website colormebaddmusic.com.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462340354919434, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ \"About CMB - Color Me Badd Official\". Retrieved June 26, 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4155912399292, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ Samaad, Michelle A. (December 21, 2006). \"Color Me Badd Singer Back On The Black: Decade in the Making, Bryan Abrams Poised for Solo Debut in 2007 -- Pt2\". EURweb.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.133748769760132, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ Samaad, Michelle A. (December 19, 2006). \"Color Me Badd Singer Back On The Black: Decade in the Making, Bryan Abrams Poised for Solo Debut in 2007 -- Pt1\". EURweb.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3820197582244873, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b c d e \"US Charts > Color Me Badd\". Billboard. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226131439208984, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"AUS Charts > Color Me Badd\". ARIA Charts. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390276908874512, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"AUT Charts > Color Me Badd\". Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37529182434082, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"CAN Charts > Color Me Badd\". RPM. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432320594787598, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"GER Charts > Color Me Badd\". Media Control Charts. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382484436035156, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"NLD Charts > Color Me Badd\". MegaCharts. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371833801269531, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"NZ Charts > Color Me Badd\". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30261516571045, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"SWE Charts > Color Me Badd\". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297553062438965, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"UK Charts > Color Me Badd\". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376219749450684, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b c d e \"US Certifications > Color Me Badd\". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263815879821777, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ \"CAN Certifications > Color Me Badd\". Music Canada. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432424545288086, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"UK Certified Awards Search > Color Me Badd\". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2013-08-24.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392022132873535, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "^ a b \"AUS Certifications > Color Me Badd\". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 2013-08-02.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377832412719727, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468289375305176, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "color me badd", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462464332580566, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd - Forever Love - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51219654083252, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Forever Love - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd - Forever Love", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49187183380127, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd - Forever Love - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd · 2017 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets | Thrillcall", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530488014221191, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd had five U.S. hit singles from their debut album C.M.B. throughout 1991 and 1992. These were \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" (U.S. #2), \"I Adore Mi Amor\" (U.S. #1), \"All 4 Love\" (U.S. #1), \"Thinkin' Back\" (U.S. #16) and \"Slow Motion\" (U.S. #18). \"I Wanna Sex You Up\" was also on the New Jack City soundtrack and hit number one in the United Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270126342773438, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Color Me Badd performed at the 1991 Smash Hits Poll Winners' Awards in the United Kingdom, winning the Best New Group trophy. In January 1992, they were awarded the Favorite Single R&B/Soul trophy at the 19th annual American Music Awards, held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. In March 1992, Color Me Badd won the Best R&B/Soul Single and Song of the Year categories at the sixth annual Soul Train Music Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.040563583374023, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "The group's third album, Time and Chance, was released in November 1993. A hugely ambitious project, consisting of nineteen new tracks, this album represented a slight shift in musical style for Color Me Badd. Working with top producers including David Foster, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, a more soulful and funky sound had clearly emerged. Although some critics gave it positive reviews, the album did not fare well on the Billboard Album Charts, peaking at #56. It was certified gold in the U.S., for shipments of more than 500,000 units. With the music industry at the time embracing groups such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, it was difficult for Color Me Badd to deliver the same success on the singles charts as they had done before. The album's title track, \"Time and Chance\", peaked at U.S. #21, while its follow up \"Choose\" also topped out at U.S. #23.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.602537155151367, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "After moving to Epic Records, Color Me Badd's fifth album, Awakening, was released in July 1998. Remaining true to their R&B roots, they again received critical acclaim for their vocal harmonies. \"Remember When\" achieved minor success on radio and has a companion video shot as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168560981750488, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "Mark Calderon continues to write and produce music for various artists including new music for Color Me Badd. He has worked with artists such as Stevie Brock who re-made the hit single \"All For Love\" which reached #1 on Disney Charts, worked with the artist IPV who is signed with Wright Entertainment as well as getting songs played on the hit series \"House MD\" and \"Knight Rider\". He continues to write and produce music. He has been a part of several mission trips to help those less fortunate and continues to be involved with helping the needy. He married Lisa Smedley-Calderon in 1992 who was their fashion stylist and who worked with entertainers such as Whitney Houston, Ralph Tresvant, Bobby Brown,Carmen Electra as well as many other artists and commercials.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.175516128540039, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." }, { "answer": "Color Me Badd", "passage": "In 2013 Color Me Badd launched their official website colormebaddmusic.com.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462340354919434, "source": "search", "title": "Color Me Badd · 2016 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "1991", "passage": "The first Scrabble World Championship was held in London in 1991, hosted by Spears, who were taken over by Mattel in 1994. It featured 48 players from 19 countries. The total prize pool was $US19,000, with $10,000 of that going to the winner.", "precise_score": 9.976066589355469, "rough_score": 9.444175720214844, "source": "search", "title": "World English-Language Scrabble Players Association" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "The World Scrabble Championship is the main international Scrabble tournament. It was held for the first time in London in the year 1991. The first winner was American author and baseball expert Peter Morris. After 1991 the Championship took place every second year, but since 2013 Scrabble players from all over the world have been meeting every year to fight for the title of “World Scrabble Champion”. The World Scrabble Championship is growing steadily. Last year we saw 131 players and the hosts are expecting even more participants this year.", "precise_score": 9.251591682434082, "rough_score": 10.085038185119629, "source": "search", "title": "The Scrabble World Meets in Lille – The MSI World ..." }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "The World Scrabble Championship is the most prestigious title in competitive English-language Scrabble. It has been held every second year since 1991, and annually since 2013. The reigning World Scrabble Champion is Wellington Jighere, who won the title at Perth, Australia in 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.368600845336914, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Scrabble Championship" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "The number of players competing in the tournament has risen steadily over time, from 48 in the World Scrabble Championship 1991 to 108 in the World Scrabble Championship 2009. In 2011 it remained stable with 106 contestants. A set number of places is allocated to each competing country and it is then up to individual countries' national associations to determine which of their players will represent them. This is typically done by means of a national ratings system or qualifier tournaments or some combination of the two. A good performance by a national team according to specific criteria will earn further permanent places for that country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.7053985595703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Scrabble Championship" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "14 1991", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920327186584473, "source": "search", "title": "World SCRABBLE Championship - NASPAWiki" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "The first WSC was organized by Philip Nelkon of Mattel in London in 1991 and won by Peter Morris , a Canadian residing in the United States, who defeated American Brian Cappelletto in a best-of-three finals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.127142906188965, "source": "search", "title": "World SCRABBLE Championship - NASPAWiki" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "Africa does have a bit of history with the event as Kenya, South Africa and Ghana all featured in the first ever championship in 1991 and in total, nine African countries have featured in the championship which was hosted every two years since 1991 and annually since 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1271843910217285, "source": "search", "title": "first African to win the World Scrabble Championship - qz.com" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "It brought to a close four days of intense competition, between 100 players from 25 countries, at the World Scrabble Championships 2014, the 13th edition of the bi-annual tournament first held in 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.834758758544922, "source": "search", "title": "These Are The Words That Just Won This Year's Scrabble ..." }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "Nigel Richards, a 40-year-old playing for New Zealand, became the world Scrabble champion on Nov. 12, 2007. He gained the title and $15,000 by winning a playoff against Ganesh Asirvatham of Malaysia. Held in Mumbai, the international tournament featured 104 players from 41 countries. The competition has occurred every other year since 1991. Richards succeeds Adam Logan of Canada who won the 2005 competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.078822135925293, "source": "search", "title": "World Scrabble Championships - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "1991", "passage": "It brought to a close four days of intense competition, between 100 players from 25 countries, at the World Scrabble Championships 2014, the 13th edition of the bi-annual tournament first held in 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.834758758544922, "source": "search", "title": "Craig Beevers becomes second-ever English world Scrabble ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ARN), commonly referred to as Arlanda, is Sweden’s largest international airport and the third largest in the Nordic countries. It is situated 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Stockholm, near the town of Marsta. In 2010, it served 17 million passengers.", "precise_score": 8.920243263244629, "rough_score": 8.632966995239258, "source": "search", "title": "Arlanda Airport Information - Cheapflights" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport, commonly referred to as Arlanda, is Sweden’s largest international airport and the third largest in the Nordic countries. It is situated 37km (23 miles) north of the city of Stockholm, near the town of Marsta. In 2010, it served 17 million passengers.", "precise_score": 8.671191215515137, "rough_score": 8.626090049743652, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Arlanda from £66 - Cheapflights.co.uk" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ARN), commonly referred to as Arlanda, is Sweden’s largest international airport and the third largest in the Nordic countries. It is situated 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Stockholm, near the town of Marsta. In 2010, it served 17 million passengers.", "precise_score": 8.920243263244629, "rough_score": 8.632966995239258, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Arlanda (ARN) - Search Flights to Arlanda" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport , is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, 37 km north of Stockholm and nearly 40 km south-east of Uppsala. The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third largest airport in the Nordic countries. The airport is the major gateway for international air travel in large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 22.5 million passengers in 2014, with 17 million international passengers and 5 million domestic. By January 2015, Stockholm Arlanda Airport saw a 30% pax growth over 5 years, top growth among European airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.37913990020752, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "*Terminal 3 (gates 51–59) was built in 1990 for regional aircraft. There is a café there. People walk outdoors from the gates and board the planes with airstairs. Access is through terminal 2, with a 200 m walking distance. As with terminal 2 it was built without security check, which was added after 2001. There has been a decline in passenger numbers for smaller connections in Sweden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.705456733703613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Stockholm Arlanda has extensive cargo flight activity. There is a cargo area with cargo terminals and cargo transit facilities in the southern part of the airport area. This cargo area is labeled \"Cargo City\" with warehouses operated by Cargo Center, DHL, Swedish postal service (Posten) and Spirit Air Cargo. A large part of mail and express parcels from Sweden is handled through the facilities at the airport. SAS Cargo has its cargo operation east of the passenger terminals close to the SAS hangars. Dedicated scheduled cargo flights are operated by Korean Air with Boeing 747 cargo aircraft, as well as Lufthansa Cargo and Turkish Airlines. DHL, FedEx and UPS operate express freight services at the airport. West Air Sweden and Amapola operate shorter cargo sectors. A number of airlines operate ad hoc cargo flights with various equipment. Outsize cargo is frequently hauled with the Antonov 124 and similar cargo planes. TNT had their operations at Arlanda but have since moved to Västerås Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.416971206665039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Arlanda, as the main airport serving the Swedish capital, is also used by VIP-flights using business jets. Government officials and celebrities are frequent visitors. In April 2011, the then-Chairman of the Russian Government Vladimir Putin visited Stockholm with a couple of large jet airplanes. The Emperor of Japan has also visited Arlanda with his Boeing 747s. In September 2013, U.S. President Barack Obama, made an official visit to Sweden with Air Force One. EU-meetings and exhibitions in the Stockholm area also bring special flights to the airport. Various private companies use their business jets to attend meetings in the Stockholm area. Some VIP-flights also go to downtown Bromma Airport, but since Bromma has limited operational hours many go to Arlanda instead. European Flight Service has a Grumman Gulfstream G550 based at Arlanda for VIP flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.347240447998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Please Note! Taxi fares are unregulated in Sweden nowadays, meaning taxis can claim any price as long as they follow the price list shown in the taxi and stuck on the side window. Although taxis at the Arlanda taxi stations are not allowed to charge more than 675 kr for at single trip to Uppsala or the northern parts of Stockholm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5515923500061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "*26 May 1977: An Antonov 24 belonging to Aeroflot registered as SSSR-46806 on a scheduled flight from Donetsk Airport (DOK) to Riga Airport (RIX) was hijacked by a single hijacker who demanded to be taken to Sweden where the hijacker surrendered releasing the 23 passengers and crew. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.360724449157715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "*25 September 2010: A Pakistan International Airlines Boeing 777, flight 782, en route from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan was diverted to Sweden and landed at Stockholm–Arlanda Airport due to a bomb threat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.816108703613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Cheap flights to Stockholm, Arlanda, Sweden", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.566442966461182, "source": "search", "title": "Cheap Flights to Arlanda from £66 - Cheapflights.co.uk" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Arlanda is Sweden's largest airport and acts as an important hub for the Stockholm region and Scandinavia - owing to flights to 172 destinations around the whole world, and good ground transportation to and from other parts of the Stockholm region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.09404993057251, "source": "search", "title": "About the airport | Stockholm Arlanda Airport" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Armanda Airport Stockholm, Sweden: The video shows the inside of Arlanda terminal 5. The airport has a very warm and personal feel to it - lot of eateries, people enjoying their drink, and pleasant ambiance. Sweden's standard of living is very high and the airport reflects that as well. Best mode of transport is Arlanda express train, starts from the terminal 5, costs around 260 SEK, and connects to Stockholm center; T Centralian metro is right next to it. The metro network, and the public transport in general, is just too good, reaches to every parts. Loved the city, its warm people, and quality of life it offers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.3030009269714355, "source": "search", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda International Airport *HD* - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "international airport serving Stockholm, Sweden", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.521200656890869, "source": "search", "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport - Wikidata" } ]

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[ { "answer": "1936", "passage": "Disaster struck in 1927 when the Mississippi River overflowed, flooding one fifth of the state. With the fortunes of the state pegged to the price of cotton, the depression of the early 1930s (see Great Depression ) struck hard. Dispossessed tenants, black and white, formed (1939) the Southern Tenant Farmers Union; after trouble with the authorities, it moved its headquarters to Memphis, Tenn. A strike called in 1936 spread to other regions before its strength waned. Other impoverished farmers migrated west to California as \"Arkies\"—like the \"Okies\" from neighboring Oklahoma. After World War I, African Americans left the state in a steady stream to the industrial North. World War II brought further loss of population as workers left Arkansas for war factories elsewhere. The war, however, created a boom for new industries in the state, notably the processing of bauxite into aluminum.", "precise_score": -3.3735032081604004, "rough_score": -6.934733867645264, "source": "search", "title": "Arkansas: History - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "1936", "passage": "Arkansas generally has a humid subtropical climate. While not bordering the Gulf of Mexico, Arkansas is still close enough to this warm, large body of water for it to influence the weather in the state. Generally, Arkansas has hot, humid summers and slightly drier, mild to cool winters. In Little Rock, the daily high temperatures average around 93 °F with lows around 73 °F in July. In January highs average around 51 °F and lows around 32 °F. In Siloam Springs in the northwest part of the state, the average high and low temperatures in July are 89 and and in January the average high and lows are 44 and. Annual precipitation throughout the state averages between about 40 and; somewhat wetter in the south and drier in the northern part of the state. Snowfall is infrequent but most common in the northern half of the state. The half of the state south of Little Rock is more apt to see ice storms. Arkansas' all-time record high is 120 F at Ozark on August 10, 1936; the all-time record low is at Gravette, on February 13, 1905. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.463866233825684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arkansas" }, { "answer": "1936", "passage": "The Glory Years of Football Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 X ea Centenary By Bentley Sloane 03 01 IP 100 The Glory Years of Football Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 By Bentley Sloane 03 01 IP 100 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The Glory Years of Football Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 By Bentley Sloane The author was a student at Centenary College during 1923-1927 when the McMillin teams were opening a new era. The story of football at Centenary College of Louisiana in the 1920s is so dramatic and unique that it deserves special treatment all of its own. A small, obscure liberal arts college with a student body of less than 300 suddenly fields a powerful football team in 1922, and for the next 20 years plays and defeats teams in the Southwest Conference (Texas) and some of the nation's best in other athletic conferences, including Boston College, the University of Iowa, the University of Mississippi, Oklahoma A & M, and Louisiana State University. How was this accomplished, what did it mean, and what was its contribution to the history of Centenary College of Louisiana? This special brochure will attempt to answer these questions. Intercollegiate athletics was not a tradition that Centenary College brought to its Shreveport campus in September 1908, when the school opened for its first semester of academic work. College authorities had frowned upon any organized teams of baseball or football as reflected in the following resolution adopted by the Board of Trustees in 1898: \"Resolved, that we will not countenance or permit students of the college or any professor to engage in any intercollegiate contests of baseball or football, or in any physical games outside the college campus, and we forbid all ball play within a hundred yards of any building.\" Prior to this resolution, and no doubt the reason for it, a makeshift Centenary football team had played Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and was not only beaten by a large score, but two of Centenary's players had to be hospitalized in Baton Rouge for several days. In 1901 these restrictions were eased somewhat for the baseball teams as recorded in the Trustee minutes: \"Games with other schools are allowed provided our boys do not travel on Sunday going to or returning from games.\" The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The first official records of athletic teams at Centenary College in Shreveport are to be found in the 1908-1909 college catalog and the November 1909 issue of the Maroon and White, a monthly publication edited by the students. The 1908 catalog states that the Centenary Athletic Association was organized and included all students interested in baseball, football, tennis, and track teams. Professor James Hinton who taught Latin and Greek, was president of the Association. One year later, the college catalog announced that a spacious and attractive athletic park was ready for use. This park was no doubt on the northwest section of the campus, which had been cleared \"out of the woods\" and would be the site of the first athletic grandstand erected a few years later. The Maroon and White gave the schedule and scores of the football games played in 1909. The team was called the \"Maroons,\" and Professor James Hinton was listed as the coach. Players were listed as follows: Clint Willis, Archie Johnson, William C. Honey cutt, Earl Whittington, K. Hundley, and D.B. Boddie. No games were won that year. Scores were as follows: Louisiana Industrial Institute in Ruston 60, Centenary 0; Henderson College, Arkadelphia, Arkansas 83, Centenary 0; Louisiana State Normal, Natchitoches, Louisiana 17, Centenary 0. This same year a girls' basketball team was announced with Professor H.C. Henderson as coach. In November 1910, another student publication called The Lookout representing the Union Literary Society listed members of the football team with D.B. Boddie, one of the players, as manager and coach. Boddie later became a Methodist preacher in the Louisiana Conference. The college catalog for 1912-1913 noted that an \"outdoor gymnasium\" had been erected and included rings, parallel bars, vaulting horses, ladders, etc. No doubt it included basketball goals since the College was fielding basketball teams at that time. This was the year when military drill was introduced and the War Department furnished rifles and other equipment. Candidates for all the teams mentioned were in short supply since there were only 70 students enrolled in 1913, and 36 of these were in the Academy (prep school attached to the College). In 1912, Paul M. Brown, Jr., was a student in the College and participated in the athletic program. In 1981, as an honored alumnus and trustee, he was interviewed by Dr. Walter Lowrey of the History Department, who gave his account of the program: \"I was involved in athletics and hungry all the time. We had a whole lot of light bread and syrup in the dining hall; The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 and when we came in, they would fill us up with this. I don't know how good it was for our health, but we endured it. I ran with the baseball team most of the time. We played baseball in the spring and football in the winter. Two of my friends, Clint Willis and A.W. Baird, went on to LSU and Tulane University, where they starred in football and baseball. The sports we had at Centenary were \"pick up,\" and there was no such thing as pure amateurism. It was an accepted practice to pick up a good athlete, pay his way, and give him some spending money.\" In 1916, President Wynn, in his annual report to the Board of Trustees, stated that Centenary's venture into intercollegiate athletics was too costly since the total school enrollment was 77 and only 25 of these were college students. Post- War Athletics in the 1920s After World War I, the men and women of the United States armed forces returned to civilian life and began to channel their competitive energies into the arena of sports, creating a new generation of heroes unrelated to war. In baseball Babe Ruth was the famous name. His team, the New York Yankees, had a spring training camp in Shreveport in 1921, and the natives began to dream of a team of national prominence to make Shreveport its home. Other sports heroes of that day were Jack Dempsey in boxing, Bobby Jones in golf, Bill Tilden in tennis, and Jim Thorpe in football. In American colleges and universities, football was becoming king, and the famous coaches and players, trainers, cheerleaders, academic tutors (seldom mentioned), and camp followers were the subjects of a growing army of sports writers who kept the public informed as to school ratings, won-and-lost records, and statistics of individual players. The big-name schools were building huge stadiums to accommodate the growing crowds. Winning teams brought publicity and fame to their schools, and recruiters were hired to lure the best high school players. Ivy League schools such as Yale, Harvard, and Princeton were producing great teams. The University of Notre Dame was widely known through its great coach Knute Rockne and his famous football backfield called the \"Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.\" (The public knew this much about the Book of Revelation.) Some thought the Roman Catholic Church in some way brought divine wisdom and power to this winning team and its great coach! The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 Move to Upgrade Athletics in 1919 - 1920 Homer Norton Arrives During the presidency of W.H. Bourne, beginning May 27, 1919, Centenary College made a definite move toward an academic renaissance with the ultimate goal of qualifying for an \"A\" grade status and being accepted into the highest accrediting associations of the nation. As one of the steps toward this goal, a full-time coach and athletic director, Homer Norton, was brought in during the 1919 - 1920 school year. Norton had excelled as an athlete at Birmingham-Southern College, where he was named best all-round college athlete of the southeast. After his college career, he played professional baseball two years prior to his coming to Centenary. Since President Bourne had come to Centenary from the faculty of Birmingham-Southern, he no doubt had known Norton and saw in him a man of character and coaching ability who would enhance the athletic program of Centenary. Norton also was the son of a Methodist minister, and this fact added to his credentials. After he arrived at Centenary, Norton began to put together respectable teams in basketball, football, and baseball, and the College was playing as a member of the LIAA (Louisiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association), having been admitted in 1921. In 1922, the basketball team, built around the \"Coushatta five,\" won the LIAA championship and added Ole Miss as one of its victims. Homer Norton By the fall season of 1921, Norton was able to rejuvenate the football program and make a respectable record of four games won and three lost against mostly Louisiana teams. Team members were from Shreveport or from nearby Louisiana towns. The names of this 1921 team are as follows: George Pattison, Coty Rosenblath, Lloyd McDade, Clyde Wafer, Robert L. \"Dugan\" Brown, Lamar \"Red\" Lowery, James Horton, Haywood Manheim, W.B. Worley, Albert Harper, Lloyd Townsend, Robert Read, Larry Armstrong, Stith Bynum, J.V. Hendrick, Sidney Conger, Eugene Williamson, Erwin LeBlanc, and John Preston. Several members of this 1921 team became prominent Shreveport doctors and businessmen, and one became a Methodist minister. The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 A College Football Team That Prayed In 1920, a small church-related institution in Danville, Kentucky, Centre College, captured the imagination of the nation with a football team that had not lost a game since 1917. Coached by a unique man, Uncle Charlie Moran, who was not only coach but a friend, guide, philosopher, and trainer to the team, Centre had beaten teams such as Syracuse and Princeton, and in 1920 was invited to the Harvard stadium for a game with this national giant. Centre's team, known as the \"Praying Colonels\" of Kentucky, and led by the famous quarterback \"Bo\" McMillin, was of such national renown that over 40,000 football fans greeted them as they entered the stadium on that momentous day. Although losing 24 to 14, Centre scored twice on a Harvard team that had not been scored on in two years. The climax came the next year, 1921, when the Centre team returned for a re-match and beat the Harvard aggregation 6-0. It was accomplished by a reverse run of 32 yards by none other than the famous \"Bo\" McMillin. He had taken the measure of mighty Harvard University. This electrifying news was announced to the Centenary student body by President Sexton on November 4, 1921, when the College had a special interest in securing the services of this Centre College athlete. This famous football hero received attention from all the major newspapers and magazines of the country. His coach and the athletic director at Centre College, who produced the \"Praying Colonels,\" were placed in the spotlight as noble characters who drew upon the resources of Divine Power to inspire the team to victory. In explanation of how the Centre team had come to be known as the \"Praying Colonels,\" Bo relates the following incident: \"We were in the gymnasium getting ready for the game (with Kentucky State) and Uncle Charles (the coach) had been outlining our battle tactics. Presently he stopped short, and when he spoke again his voice was low and serious. 'I suppose I've been what some folks would call a rough cuss, but I've always played the game of life straight. You know that. I don't go in for religion, and I reckon most of you don't, either. But I believe in God and I'm sure He looks after folks who are doing their best. Won't one of you say just a word of prayer?' And then one of the players, asking The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 the privilege of doing so in a very unconventional way, to say the least, prayed. \"It wasn't a prayer for victory. It was just an honest, whole-hearted appeal that every man that day might give the best he had in him for Old Centre; that he might play a clean game, and not be hurt badly enough so that he would have to be taken out. And Centre won the game, 3-0! That is a prayer for all of us-that we may play a clean game, and that we may not be hurt badly enough to have to be taken out. Since that afternoon, no Centre College football team has gone on to the field for a game without that word of prayer. We don't pray to win. We play to win, and pray to play our best. But we believe there's a God who wants people to be square and give the best they've got to everything they go into. I have noticed, however, that there has seldom been any profanity or rough talk around the dressing room or on the field since we started this particular habit. And I don't think there's a man of us who doesn't feel that he's stronger and finer as a result of it.\" Shreveport and Centenary Venture into Big Time Football Needless to say, the sports-minded citizens of Shreveport were fascinated by the Cinderella story of \"Bo\" McMillin and his famous football team from Centre College. Here, indeed, was another version of David and Goliath. Little Centre was the giant killer among the great universities. And a football team that prayed! Sunday School teachers could use this fact to illustrate their lessons on prayer. Youth were inspired by the example of the \"Praying Colonels,\" and a Methodist College would certainly be blessed with a football coach such as \"Bo\" McMillin. \"Bo\" McMillin Members of the Board of Trustees were impressed, especially the sports-minded, and there were several. President Sexton, forever an opportunist in his relation to the Shreveport community when Centenary College was involved, began to dream of a new coach and great football team. If Centre College could do it, Centenary could do it better! The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 In February 1921, a key person in the \"Bo\" McMillin episode, Miss Laura Bishop, was added to the Centenary faculty as professor of English. She had been a teacher in North Fort Worth, Texas, where \"Bo\" was one of her favorite students in grammar school and later in high school. She had been teacher, counselor, and friend of this restless young athlete, and when the Fort Worth school secured R.L. Meyer from Centre College as coach, this team won the North Texas championship with \"Bo\" as the quarterback. When Coach Meyer returned to Centre College as athletic director, he took with him \"Bo\" McMillin and five other members of this high school championship team. This group of athletes from the North Fort Worth High School formed the core of the famous Centre College football team of the early 1920s. \"Bo\" McMillin was calling signals for his former high school teammates. Miss Laura Bishop knew all about the six members of the \"Praying Colonels\" football team. When the Trustees of Centenary College voted to offer \"Bo\" McMillin the coaching job, President Sexton turned to Miss Laura Bishop as the one person who could persuade him to come to Centenary. She had continued her correspondence with \"Bo\" after he went to Centre College, and now she was given authority to negotiate with him for the job at Centenary. After she contacted him, he wired back to her that he had offers from a school in Birmingham and one in Dallas at $7,000 per year. Player McMillin Miss Bishop conveyed this information to President Sexton and a Board of Trustees meeting was called for December 10, 1921. Dr. George Sexton, wise in the way of worldly publicity, presented the name of \"Bo\" McMillin as a possible coach for the Centenary College football team. This was done in an apologetic manner since he saw no way the College could pay $8,000 a year for a coach. The salary of the president was only $6,000. But E.A. Frost immediately rose to the occasion, perhaps not unprepared, and moved that McMillin be offered $8,000 per year on a two-year contract and that the citizens of Shreveport guarantee the money. The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 Soon thereafter, McMillin signed a contract and arrived in Shreveport to make preparations for the 1922 football season. President Sexton made it plain to the student body that the popular Coach Norton would be retained. It is interesting to note that McMillin came to Shreveport from Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky, the town which had given the College of Louisiana its first president in 1825, a Presbyterian minister, the Reverend Jeremiah Chamberlain. A college that had eschewed football as a brutal and distracting game and intercollegiate athletics as wasteful of time, energy, and money, now embraces the sport with all fervor as a means of attracting attention to itself. Madison Avenue could have learned some lessons from President George Sexton. The Maroon and White (Centenary's student newspaper) ran the following headline on December 16, 1921: \"Santa Klaus puts McMillin in Centenary 's Sock! \" Other headlines followed: \"For a secluded college, Centenary has leaped into fame overnight! \" \"The histories of McMillin and Centenary are being run on presses in every state in the Union. \" \"Bo McMillin signs a 3-year contract with Centenary\" was the flaring headline that streamed across the sport pages of the leading newspapers of the United States and caused the nation's eyes to focus on Centenary. Soon thereafter a new song was written for the Centenary student body, including the following stanza and chorus (not necessarily approved by the English Department!): Unto Shreveport from the north and from the south, the east and the west, Crowds the jam of eager students to the city's pine clad crest. To develop brain and body Centenary gets the best. Great \"Bo \" is coming here. Glory, Glory, Hallelujah! Great \"Bo \" is coming here! The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 On January 13, 1922, the new coach and his bride of a few weeks were introduced at a chapel service, and he spoke of his delight in coming to Centenary and his plans for a great football team. Soon thereafter, a group of prominent citizens organized the Shreveport-Centenary Athletic Association and gave a banquet for 250 people at the Youree Hotel honoring the new coach and saluting Centenary's promising future. Members of this new athletic association included several prominent trustees and other strong supporters of the college: George Wray, chairman, J.C. Palmer, E.A. Frost, J. B. Atkins, B.C. Garrett, T.C. Clanton, and H.B. Hearn. This new Athletic Association, organized to aid and promote athletics at Centenary, was another link in the chain that bound the city and the College together in mutual helpfulness. ONCOP!N.. !9i :^' : 4:W Page 88, 1922 Yoncopin The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The First \"Bo\" McMillin Football Team 1922 The new coach lost no time in recruiting a large contingent of prospective football players, some coming as transfers from other colleges and many from various high schools who were anxious to play under the famous coach. Since several players on this first McMillin team were destined to be famous names in the athletic world, we herewith list the roster of lettermen: *Coty Rosenblath, Captain *Clyde Wafer Mickey Lyvers * John Preston Les Phillips James Weaver Herman Hilden Bryan Bush Maurice Ellsworth Sam York Cal Hubbard Harry White Bard Ferrall James Pierson Charles Dutton *R. L. Brown H. L. Bridges * George Pattison Carl Anderson Marion Wills Harold Dillman Richard Denman *Albert Harper * From previous squad Shreveport, La. Coushatta, La. Kansas City, Mo. Shreveport, La. DeQueen, Ark. Monroe, N. C. Boonville, Mo. Ruston, La. Willoughby, Ohio Kansas City, Mo. Keytesville, Mo. Tyler, Tx. Albuquerque, N. M. Natchitoches, La. Minden, La. Jonesboro, La. Minden, La. Mitchell, La. Ft. Worth, Tx. Ridgefarm, 111. Champagne, 111. Waxahachie, Tx. Shreveport, La. Only six players were carried over from the previous squad coached by Homer Norton and they are marked with asterisks. The first innovation of the new coach was a football summer camp in 1922. As previously mentioned, Centenary had acquired a tract of land on Rich Mountain near Mena, Arkansas, through some friends of President Sexton. The College experimented with a summer school at that location in 1922, and the McMillin team set up training at \"Camp Standing Rock\" in connection with the 10 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 summer school. One player wrote of his experience there as follows: \"Never will we forget those days spent at Camp Standing Rock. It is true that the greater part of the time was spent in intensive training. When we were not out on the field in the hot August sun we were up in the classroom listening to a lecture. But we did have some time to ourselves and many of us got a good knowledge of the mountains before leaving. The moonlight nights in the Ouachita Mountains are wonderful and they were especially impressive from the top of Standing Rock where we congregated after supper.\" * Centenary Yoncopin 1923. When the fall of 1922 arrived, the Centenary community and the citizens of Shreveport were in full anticipation of a new day in Centenary College football. President Sexton had christened the team \"Centenary Gentlemen,\" remembering the \"Praying Colonels of Kentucky\" who sent the famous \"Bo\" McMillin to Centenary. \"Doc George,\" as the president was affectionately called, attended the 1922 Summer School and continued to be an avid fan, accompanying the team on its many trips. McMillin Team Opens New Era The first game of the 1922 season was with Marshall College, and when Centenary won 77-0, the athletic world realized that something new had been added to the Shreveport school. At the end of the season with the Centenary Gentlemen scoring 295 points and the opponents scoring only 41, there was no doubt that a great new football dynasty was at hand at Centenary College. The one loss of the season was to the University of Tennessee Medical School at Memphis 0-14. Fifty players reported for duty when the season opened in 1923. Nine new names were added to the 1922 team roster: Murrell Hogue, Clarence Davis, Paul Rebsamen, Glenn Letteer, Wilburn Miller, Wayne Stone, Oscar Hill, and Hiram Lawrence. All nine came from the Ark-La-Tex. This was the year when the team lost only to Boston College in Boston, and Centenary's Cal Hubbard was named All-American. Twenty-three thousand fans saw the game in Boston, and the eastern newspapers gave little Centenary College (400 students) good national exposure. From the results of the 1923 football season, it was clear that Centenary was ready to drop the weaker teams and seek competition in the stronger athletic conferences. 11 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The 1923 scores tell the story: 35-0 Southwestern Louisiana Institute 40-3 Henderson-Brown 46-7 Chattanooga 31-13 Hendrix College 46-0 Louisiana State Normal 23-0 Texas Christian University 75-0 Kentucky Normal 0-14 Boston College 34-0 Southwestern (Texas) University 14-0 Oglethorpe 27-0 Louisiana Polytechnic Institute This 1923 season heralded things to come when Centenary ventured into the Southwest Conference for the first time and defeated TCU in Fort Worth 23-0. The Gentlemen played against a team coached by Matty Bell, who had also come from Centre College and was later to become famous at Southern Methodist University. McMillin's Last Year - 1924 Eight new names appear on the 1924 team roster: O.K. Place, Theodore Schwarzer, Bryon Faulkner, Pat Weekley, Percy Wood, Emmett Meadows, Mack Flenniken, and O.W. Maddox. The previous loss to Boston College was avenged by a score of 10-9. Centenary lost only one game and that to the \"Tennessee Doctors\" of Memphis. One excuse offered for the loss was that doctors knew just where to hit to cause the most bodily injuries. This was not sustained by any scientific evidence! At the end of the 1924 football season, the three \"Bo\" McMillin football teams had won 90 percent of their games (26 out of 29) and as a result Centenary was favorably known throughout the nation. But there were also irritating problems in connection with the program. One of the obstacles to Centenary's entrance into the SIAA (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) was its over- emphasis on football and the cost of the athletic program. There was also considerable criticism by other schools that Centenary was using ineligible players, so much so that President Sexton, in 12 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 November 1923, requested the College's athletic committee to folly investigate the classroom standing of all football players. At this time, Centenary was hopefol of entering the Southwest Conference, made up primarily of Texas schools. Football Program Costly The College trustees were gravely concerned over the deficits incurred in the athletic budget, and, despite the winning record of the team, the gate receipts did not cover the expenses. Historically, this was a new and troublesome condition faced by the trustees, who in a previous century had opposed all intercollegiate athletics and banned football in particular as a brutal and dangerous game. The 1924 financial report for the football program alone showed a loss of $7, 199. Gate Receipts $28,293 Student Fees 523 Signs and Ad Space 600 Total Receipts $29,416 Coach: Salary & Housing $9,000 Assistant Coaches 2,775 Game Expenses 1 9,8 1 3 Supplies 2,500 Field 369 Other Expenses 1,872 Total $36,615 The above budget does not include athletic scholarships. The athletic budget was a disproportionate amount for a college with fewer than 500 students and a total budget of only $1 19,585. Some disturbing reports surfaced at the December meeting of the College trustees that same year. Centenary had been denied entrance into the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools as well as the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association because of the large salary of Coach McMillin and his general reputation in athletic circles. It appeared that the chief factor in making Centenary nationally known and providing growth incentive was now the chief factor in preventing the College from entering the 13 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 best academic and athletic circles of the South and of the nation. These agencies had serious reservations about admitting a college with an enrollment of 404 (as of June 4, 1924) that paid its football coach a $9,000 (including housing) salary and its president a salary of $6,000 plus housing. After much discussion at the December 19, 1924 meeting, the Board of Trustees ordered that McMillin be offered a one-year contract at $5,000 per annum. This of course was tantamount to a request for resignation, and it was soon forthcoming. The Centenary Conglomerate (student newspaper) of December 19, 1924, stated that after McMillin' s salary was reduced and he was relieved as coach of the football team, Centenary was admitted into the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The article further states that \"in losing Bo McMillin Centenary loses one of the most spectacular football players and one of the most successful coaches found in college football. Such was the price Centenary had to pay for membership in the SIAA.\" McMillin quickly accepted a coaching position at Geneva College in Pennsylvania, and a large contingent of students and other well- wishers gathered at the railway station on February 6, 1925, to bid this remarkable athlete farewell. Four Centenary players followed McMillin to Geneva : Cal Hubbard, Carl Anderson, Mack Flenniken, and O.W. Maddox. With the help of these four, Geneva was able to defeat Harvard in 1926, another upset. Cal Hubbard went on to the professional football and baseball leagues. He was later elected to both the Football Hall of Fame and the Baseball Hall of Fame, a unique honor for one of the great players of Centenary College. Earl Davis, a One- Year Coach On February 18, 1925, Centenary obtained a new coach in the person of Earl Davis from McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, another Methodist institution, to replace McMillin. However, the job was too difficult for the new coach. He was unpopular with the faculty and the student body, and the football players, for whatever reasons, rejected him outright. A scurrilous letter purported to be written by one of the football players raised some doubts as to the intelligence and leadership of Coach Davis. This widely distributed letter may or may not have influenced the College administration to release the coach, but in any event he was soon fired. 14 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The Homer Norton Era Begins The 1925 team, with the impetus carried over from the McMillin era, lost only two games, to Tulane and Butler. The powerful Tulane team was a member of the Southwestern Conference and drew 10,000 to the game on Thanksgiving Day in Shreveport. Members of this 1925 Centenary varsity team were: Paul Rebsaman, Percy Wood, Byron Faulkner, W.F. Bozeman, Otto Duckworth, John Preston, Ernest Kepke, Audie Marsalis, Glen Crawford, Sam York, Jim Pierson, Clarence Davis, Zolie Benett, Wayne Stone, J. Horton, Hiram Lawrence, Crawford Young, Clyde Faulk, Walter Stewart, Glen Letteer, Emmet Meadows, Files Binion, Harry White, Al Beam, Beverly Faulk, and Lloyd Clanton. A strong freshman team was waiting in the wings. Most of these players were from the Ark-La-Tex. For the 1926 football season, a wise move was made when Norton was named head coach and George D. Hoy, coach of the strong Shreveport High School football team, was brought to Centenary as assistant coach. Coach Hoy brought with him several of his football players who graduated that year, including Jake Hanna, who became an outstanding star and later the head coach of the Gentlemen. The choice of Norton as head coach in 1926 was soon followed by another national honor for Centenary when Norton was elected to membership in the National Coaches Association. Homer Norton George Hoy Curtis Parker Joins Coaching Staff Another successful deal in 1926 brought Curtis Parker as basketball coach and coach of the freshman football team. Parker was a recent graduate of the University of Arkansas where he had been an all-round athlete. He fitted into the Centenary tradition with his zeal, intelligence, and dedication not only to the athletic program but to the general welfare of the College. He was a popular figure on the campus and in the Shreveport community. His basketball teams had a winning record, and, at a later date, Curtis Parker 15 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 after Norton left, he moved up to head football coach, in which position he was a winning coach in his own right. Winning in the Southwest Conference As previously noted, the Centenary Gentlemen in 1923 played one game in the Southwest Conference, defeating Texas Christian University in Fort Worth. President Sexton and his coaching staff had high hopes of Centenary's being admitted to this conference, and beginning in 1926 teams from this conference were scheduled on a regular basis. The 1926 schedule included Texas Christian, Southern Methodist, and the University of Arkansas. Although losing to all three by a close margin in 1926, Centenary soon took the full measure of these powerful schools and became the scourge of that conference. One year later, four of these schools were victims of the undefeated Centenary Gentlemen. The 1927 Undefeated Team By 1927, the Centenary football team began to reach its zenith. Coach Parker, of the freshman team, was feeding well-trained players into the varsity unit, and coaches Norton and Hoy were producing great teams from a large roster of young athletes who were coming mostly from the surrounding towns and cities. This 1927 team was the first to go through the season without a loss, and among the teams defeated were four powers in the Southwest Conference - Southern Methodist, Baylor, Rice, and Texas Christian. > I >*,<\"« 1927 Undefeated Centenary Football Team 16 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The large roster of varsity players gives some idea of the dominant place football now played in the program of Centenary: Franklin Allday, W. F. Bozeman, Robert Brown, Emory Browne, John T. Cox, Paul Crawford, Elwood Davis, Harry Davis, Beverly Faulk, Roland Faulk, Robert Goodrich, Ted Gregg, Ernest Guinn, Clarence Hamel, Jake Hanna, Tony Hernandez, Joe Holloway, Ted Jefferies, Louis Jennings, Wiltz Ledbetter, Charles Lindsay, Joe Magrill, Peyton Mangum, Audie Marsalis, J. B. Parrish, Leon Price, Hubert A. Reaves, Jerome Scanlon, R. D. Sims, Charles Smith, Marvin Speights, Kermit Stewart, Stanley Thomas, Tom Wafer, W. E. Ward, Fred Willis, E. L. Zechiedrich, Files Binion, Fritz Blackshear, Otto Duckworth, Morris Jarratt, William A. Robinson, and Ryland Schaal. In 1927, as Centenary began to win games in the Southwest Conference, sports writers in some of the Texas newspapers accused it of playing \"ineligible ringers,\" even declaring that some players were sent by McMillin from his Geneva team for the SMU game to be played in Shreveport. These libelous reports aroused the ire of President Sexton, and he fired off telegrams and letters stating clearly that Centenary played only eligible players under the rules of the SIAA. The Dallas Times Herald, heeding the warning of President Sexton, quickly published an apology and correction on October 8, 1927: A Correction \"There appeared in The Times Herald of Wednesday, October 5, 1927, a paragraph under the heading 'Pigskin Cracklins, 1 by Bill Parker, reflecting upon the character, personnel and eligibility of Centenary college football team. \"The statement that 'they will be playing a bunch of ringers,' referring to Centenary college football team, made by Bill Parker, is untrue. It unjustly reflects upon Centenary college football team. n The Times Herald apologizes to Centenary college and to the boys composing the football team for this statement made by Bill Parker.\" 17 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The Jake Hanna Years We are indebted to Jake Hanna, bearing a famous Shreveport family name, for a colorfiil account of his years as a football player at Centenary and later as coach. \"I entered Centenary in February 1927 with 12 other members of the Byrd High School football team because our assistant coach, George Hoy, was joining the athletic department there. On September 24, 1927 I played my first varsity game on our home field, and a local newspaper promoted it with the following article: Bargain price for Gents first battle of year \"In an effort to bring out new patrons and to stimulate interest in football, admission price has been cut to $1 . Interest in the Centenary football team has been high and season ticket sales greater than ever. President Sexton hopes to increase the football colony this fall. \"Coaches Norton and Hoy had an aggregation of young fellows who loved the game of football, and the great psychologist Norton used more than we realized to produce the undefeated team of 1927 and other successful seasons to follow. \"As the Gentlemen became more and more a threat to Southwest Conference teams there was much speculation as to the chances for Centenary to become a member of that powerful conference. Texas sports writers and the Associated Press spoke favorably for this, but practical evaluation must have prevailed. At this time Centenary's total enrollment was about 500 and this must have had a great bearing in the matter being dropped.\" \"On October 13, 1928 after Centenary defeated Texas A & M, the lead story from College Station read as follows: 18 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 Coach Homer Norton's Centenary College Gentlemen dropped in from Shreveport Saturday afternoon to hand the Texas Aggies the first licking they had received on Kyle Field since 1926. \"Coach Dana X. Bible's Texas Aggies had been conference champions in 1927. \"During those years Shreveport fans were the most loyal to be found. When the special trains of supporters followed the team to out of town games there can be no doubt that their kind of enthusiasm carried over to the players. Newspaper coverage for all the games was superb.\" 1932 Undefeated Centenary Football Team The great team of 1932, which helped celebrate the opening of the new stadium by beating Louisiana State University and going on to an undefeated season, was composed of the following who won letters that year: Melford Allums, Perry Ames, John Henry Blakemore, Ben Cameron, Paul Geisler, Louis Glumac, Joe Guillory, Morse Harper, Maurice Morgan, Ralph Murff, Joe Oliphant, Wood Osborne, Harold Oslin, Raymond Parker, Jerry Sellers, Manning Smith, Theo Taylor, Eddie Townson, Robert Waters, Fred Williams, Tommy Wilson and Richard Young. After the win over Louisiana State University, a Shreveport sports writer noted, \"A tiny gridiron spark that had been smoldering in the hearts of successive Centenary College football players for about ten years burst into a roaring flame at Centenary College stadium Saturday afternoon and claimed as its victim the LSU Tigers, a prey it had stalked lo these many moons.\" The Associated Press wrote of this 1932 team: \"Centenary College of Shreveport with about 400 students and hardly enough players to make two football teams, has the title 'wonder team of the south'. Not since the praying colonels of little Centre College 19 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 wrote southern football history a decade ago has a smaller college taken the spotlight like the Centenary Gentlemen of 1932. It's a little team that never gives up.\" So great were the achievements of Coach Homer Norton in this 1932 season that the college Yoncopin of 1933 was dedicated to him. Football Wins Wide Support In the middle and late 1930s when the economic depression was taking its greatest toll on the nation, and the College was cutting back on all expenditures, even to the point of delaying salary payments to the faculty, the football teams lifted the spirits of the College and the Shreveport community with victories against some of the great colleges and universities of the nation. The football trip to Los Angeles and to schools in Iowa, Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Oklahoma, and Arizona generated excitement and enthusiasm as special trains carried the teams, the band, the cheering squads and large contingents of Shreveport supporters. Pullman cars were plastered with Centenary banners and graffiti for all to see as the trains moved through the towns and cities. In 1936 a special football train of the Illinois Central was announced for the game with the University of Mississippi at Jackson on November 23. The train left Shreveport at 7 a.m. and arrived at Jackson at 12:15 p.m. After the game, the train left Jackson at 6: 1 5 p.m. and arrived in Shreveport at 1 1 :45 p.m. The round-trip fare in the day coach was $3.25. In 1937, for the game with Loyola at Los Angeles, special cars carried the team, the band, the Maroon Jackets, and a large group of students and Shreveport supporters. The trips into Texas for games at Dallas, Houston, Austin, and Fort Worth provided ample opportunity for fun and frolic by the student body and the numerous Shreveport fans. The Texas sports writers gave wide publicity to this little Shreveport school; and when the team won, it was an easy matter to recruit students from the Lone Star State. We have already mentioned the benefits of the football program in the Shreveport community in drawing support for the College from wealthy citizens who had a special interest in sports. The spectacular athletic teams of Centenary provided the Shreveport- Bossier City complex with bragging rights and a measure of civic pride. 20 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 Ten Years of Football Glory Beginning in 1927, when the football program at Centenary had fully developed, and continuing through the 1936 season, the teams of that decade wrote a glorious chapter in the annals of the oldest chartered liberal arts college west of the Mississippi River. With fewer than 900 students in any one year and during the darkest days of the economic depression this little Southern college was able to fashion a football team made up of athletes recruited mostly from Louisiana and the nearby states, that won 73 games, lost 22, and tied 1 1 in competition with some of the great schools of the nation. Playing against the powerful teams of the Southwest Conference during these ten years, Centenary established a record of 23 victories, 1 1 losses, and 5 ties. In addition to the teams named above, Centenary played and defeated several of the outstanding colleges and universities of the country: Boston College, University of Chattanooga, University of Iowa, University of Arizona, University of Mississippi, Loyola University of Los Angeles, De Paul University, University of Louisville, St. Louis University, and Louisiana State University. w; Homer Norton to Texas A & M 'ith a nation-wide reputation as coach and athletic director, and with a winning record against the football teams of the Southwest Conference, Homer Norton was persuaded to accept a lucrative coaching job at Texas A & M in 1934. Norton was soon well established there, and after a successful career in coaching he settled in College Station as a successful businessman. At Centenary, Curtis Parker moved up to athletic director and head football coach with E. T. Renfro as assistant. Walter \"Cowboy\" Hohmann: A Football Great Tells His Story O: ne of the athletes playing on the football team 1933-1936 (was Walter \"Cowboy\" Hohmann. He heard of Centenary College as a football power from the coach of his high school near Chicago. His arrival at Centenary in 1933 and his subsequent experiences there are the subject of a taped interview made by the author after Hohmann' s retirement. \"After arriving by bus from Chicago I was checked in and then had to wait to see if I made the football team. It was hard living and my scholarship required that I work on the 21 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 campus. Our team played and beat some of the great schools of the nation. Homer Norton, our coach from Birmingham-Southern College, was a great influence on the lives of the players, and after he went to Texas A & M Curtis Parker carried on. All athletes were required to meet the academic requirements. I found the teachers to be wonderful people as well as great instructors, and I especially remember Dean Hardin, Dr. R.E. Smith, Dr. J.B. Entrikin, Mrs. Arthur Campbell, Dr. Pierce Cline, Dr. S.A. Steger, Dr. Mary Warters, and others. \"The Shreveport business community was very much in support of the college, and the athletic teams in their games proved to be a rallying point for the town people, and the entire college community. All of us were aware of the strong sense of fellowship throughout the life of the college. When I came back in 1963 as dean of students I found a college that had grown in amazing proportions with many new professors and buildings, but the same great community spirit in the students and faculty.\" Hohmann fitted into the Centenary tradition not only as an outstanding football player but also as an all-round student and leader on the campus, serious about getting an education and being useful in society. In 1937, he was named freshman football coach. Centenary Football Casualty of Word War II With the advent of World War II in 1939, the great years of Centenary football came to an end. The actual decline in football power began in 1937 with an increase in the number of games lost and a decrease in the number of major teams scheduled. With former coach Homer Norton installed as the successful coach of Texas A & M and the rising powers of the Southwest Conference, recruiting in Texas was no longer an easy matter for the Gentlemen. Centenary continued to be a small college with fewer than 1,000 students as opposed to the great schools of the Southwest Conference and other conferences included in Centenary's schedule. Since Centenary was never admitted to the major athletic conferences, it became more and more difficult to include the larger schools in its schedule. Interest in the home games began to wane, and subsequent losses in income created a continuous financial crisis at a time when the College could ill afford any financial losses. 22 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 The decline of the great Centenary Gentlemen football program may be plotted by the won and lost records beginning in 1937: 1937 Won 6, lost 4, tied 2 1938 Won 7, lost 4 1939 Won 2, lost 9, tied 1 1940 Won 3, lost 7 1941 Won 1, lost 7, tied 2 Although these were losing seasons, there were several outstanding players on the teams whose personal records are worthy of note: Alvin Birklebach, Winfred Bynum, Ogbourne Rawlinson, Ed Whitehurst, Claude Teel, Jimmy Patterson, and others. Curtis Parker Resigns - Jake Hanna Returns The year 1940 brought another coaching change for the Centenary Gentlemen football team when Curtis Parker resigned to enter the oil business in Shreveport and Centenary brought Jake Hanna, one of its own great players of recent years, back to the campus as head coach. The 1940 Yoncopin presented a full-page picture of Hanna with this caption: \"A Star Returns.\" C Coach Hanna' s Last Teams oach Jake Hanna has written an interesting account of the last teams prior to the end of World War II. \"Eleven years after graduation from Centenary the great privilege of returning to the school was given me when I was offered the position of athletic director and head coach. In January 1940, my contract was presented by the Centenary Athletic Committee composed of Charlton H. Lyons, Sr., John McCormick, Henry O'Neal, Bonneau Peters and Allen Norris. Dr. Pierce Cline, who had been my history professor while I was a student, was now president of the college and he encouraged me to accept the coaching position. He had been one of the best of friends to me as a student and continued to be to the end of his life. Returning to my alma mater as a member of the faculty might be considered my post-graduate degree. \"I was fortunate to have continue on the athletic staff the capable service and support of Elmer Smith as backfield 23 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 coach and scout, Tom Cobb as line coach, and trainer Marvin \"Hoof Gibson. \"I was soon to meet a group of strong, talented and knowledgeable young men who were the material I was to work with in preparing for a football season in 1940. \"I was not prepared for the financial difficulties under which the athletic department had operated for a number of years. This obstacle combined with the cloud of World War II became my major problems and made long-range planning a dismal prospect. \"Perhaps the best summary of events taking place in the athletic department over the next two years, 1940-1942, may be compared to another era in Centenary College's history when in 1861 inscribed in the faculty minutes were written the dramatic words: 'Students have all gone to war. College suspended. And God help the right.\"' ■ v - - ?* \\ x /^ 1939 team meets new coach, Jake Hanna As Coach Jake Hanna indicated in his article previously quoted, the military draft in 1940 and 1941 wrought havoc with his squad of players, and Centenary's football program declined precipitously. The record for the 1940 season was three games won and seven lost. The final season, 1941, recorded no games won, eight lost and two tied against the following opponents: 24 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 Centenary 0, Millsaps 20 Centenary 20, Creighton 32 Centenary 6, Louisiana Normal 6 Centenary 6, Hardin - Simmons 27 Centenary 0, Texas Tech 25 Centenary 7, Washington Univ. (St. Louis), 13 Centenary 0, Rice University 54 Centenary 7, Texas Christian University 35 Centenary 0, Southwestern (Memphis) Centenary 7, Louisiana Tech 39 After football was dropped, Jake Hanna continued at Centenary as athletic director and developed an excellent program of intramural sports that included most of the student body. Demise of the Football Program As early as May 1939, the trustees began to think seriously about discontinuing the football program. Two of the strongest trustees, J.B. Atkins and George Wray, headed the athletic committee. They were well aware of the problem of deficit financing for the program each year. The gate receipts continued to decline. At the end of the 1939 season, two meetings of the executive committee gave full attention to problems of the athletic program. At the annual meeting of the College trustees on May 21, 1940, it was reported that $5,000 had been advanced to the football program from the operating fund, and again the program was placed on probation. One year later the Board of Trustees again considered scrapping the football program. Attendance and gate receipts continued downward, and the team was no longer playing colleges from the major athletic conferences. The executive committee of the Board of Trustees finally blew the whistle on the football program on December 12, 1941, after another disastrous season. For the duration of the war, football was dead at Centenary. A committee was named to solicit funds to pay the athletic program deficit, a problem which had plagued the College since the glory years of football in the 1920s and 1930s despite the support of the Chamber of Commerce and many sports- minded citizens. After the war ended in 1945, the College moved to reinstate all phases of intercollegiate athletics. However, football had to wait 25 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 until 1947. The basketball program was reinstated in full, beginning with the 1946 season. In December of 1946, a committee of seven was created to reinstate a football program. Jess Thompson of Lawton, Oklahoma, was invited to the coaching position, with Paul Cochran as assistant. These two had been coaches at Cameron State Junior College in Lawton, Oklahoma. Mr. Charles Rollins, a local business executive, was employed as administrative assistant to the athletic committee, with responsibility for ticket sales and arranging the game schedules. The coach was paid $5500 and his assistant, $4000. Since the old wooden stadium was in disrepair, arrangements were made to use the Shreveport Fair Grounds stadium. Mr. Arch Haynes gave $10,000 to improve the Centenary athletic field for baseball and for football practice. Again we see the great interest of Mr. Haynes in the Centenary athletic program and his continual financial support of the College. The attempt to reinstate the football program came to a halt at the end of the 1947 season. The trial run of one year was a disaster in terms of the won-lost columns, the attendance for the home games, and consequently the financial loss. The 1948 college Yoncopin gave pictures of the coaches and players of the 1947 team and an apologetic write up of each game. Out often games, Centenary won only one and that was against lowly Louisiana College, never a great football power. Few of the competing colleges were well known in Shreveport. Perhaps the crudest blow of all that year was the loss to Centenary's ancient rival, Louisiana Tech, by a score of 51 to 14. This 1948 Yoncopin portrays coach Jess Thompson as a big muscular man with a hard-set jaw and serious demeanor. Thirty- five players are featured in various action poses with fierce and threatening gestures, carrying or throwing the ball, but on the playing field the whole aggregation was easily subdued. The Chamber of Commerce withdrew its subsidy of the program, and coaches Thompson and Cochran were relieved of their duties. The executive committee of the Board of Trustees on December 15, 1947 made it official and final that intercollegiate football was dead at Centenary College. This was confirmed at the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees on May 29, 1948, and President Mickle mildly lamented the demise of this once spectacular program at Centenary. Other programs were now developing that gave lasting fame and prestige to the institution. 26 The Glory Years of Football, Centenary College of Louisiana 1922-1942 Football Remembered The football program at Centenary College had written a glorious chapter and deposited a vast fund of memories in the annals of this ancient and honorable institution of learning. All hail to President George Sexton, who wisely set the enlarged football program in motion, to the Board of Trustees and the athletic committees, to the Shreveport Chamber of Commerce, and the loyal friends of the College whose financial support made it all possible. All hail to the capable and dedicated coaches, Homer Norton, \"Bo\" McMillin, Curtis Parker, and Jake Hanna, the trainers and business managers, and the assistant coaches. All hail to the outstanding athletes of the great teams including those who failed to win the coveted letter \"C\" but bore the brunt of pounding from the varsity squad. All hail to the supportive student body and the fans who filled the stadium and accompanied the team on its many trips. Hail to all those known and unknown who made possible this epic period in the history of Centenary College of Louisiana. To the glory years of football at Centenary, Hail and Farewell! The End 27", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.360738754272461, "source": "search", "title": "Full text of \"Glory Years of Football, Centenary College ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "Near the end of 1963, the BigTop label folded and Mala took over many of their artists. Don & Juan, Johnny & the Hurricanes, and the Royaltones appeared on Mala about that time. Del Shannon, BigTop's major artist, formed his own label, Berlee, upon leaving BigTop in 1963, but lack of distribution soon discouraged Del, and he eventually settled in at sister label Amy in 1964.", "precise_score": 7.986710071563721, "rough_score": 7.847747802734375, "source": "search", "title": "Mala Album Discography - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Berlee Records", "passage": "Berlee Records and move to Amy", "precise_score": 0.027425235137343407, "rough_score": -0.010307088494300842, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Berlee Records", "passage": "By August 1963, Shannon's relationship with his managers and Bigtop had soured, so he formed his own label, Berlee Records, named after his parents [4] and distributed by Diamond Records. Two singles were issued: the apparently Four Seasons -inspired \"Sue's Gotta Be Mine\" was a moderate hit, attaining #71 in the US, and #21 in the UK (where Shannon's records continued on the London label). The second single, \"That's the Way Love Is\", did not chart, and Shannon patched things up with his managers soon after. In early 1964 , he was placed on Amy ( Stateside in the UK) and the Berlee label disappeared.[ citation needed ]", "precise_score": 7.4232330322265625, "rough_score": 8.67628288269043, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016...Del Shannon (3videos + info + links)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10693359375, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016...Del Shannon (3videos + info + links)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96966552734375, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "Del Shannon", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277897834777832, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "(Read all about Del Shannon after the videos)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431513786315918, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "Del Shannon (born Charles Weedon Westover; December 30, 1934 – February 8, 1990) was an American rock and roll and country musician, and singer-songwriter who is best known for his 1961 No. 1 Billboard hit \" Runaway \".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.209199905395508, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "When DeMott was fired in 1958 , Westover took over as leader and singer, giving himself the name Charlie Johnson and renaming the band into The Big Little Show Band. [2] In early 1959 he added keyboardist Max Crook , who played the Musitron (his own invention of an early synthesizer ). Crook had made recordings, and he persuaded Ann Arbor disc jockey Ollie McLaughlin to hear the band. McLaughlin took the group's demos to Harry Balk and Irving Micahnik of Talent Artists in Detroit . In July 1960 , Westover and Crook signed to become recording artists and composers on the Bigtop label. Balk suggested Westover use a new name, and they came up with \"Del Shannon\", combining Mark Shannon—a wrestling pseudonym used by a regular at the Hi-Lo Club—with Del, derived from the Cadillac Coupe de Ville , his favorite car. [2]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6599385738372803, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "He returned to the charts immediately with \" Handy Man \" (a 1960 hit by Jimmy Jones ), \" Do You Wanna Dance? \" (a 1958 hit by Bobby Freeman ), and two originals, \" Keep Searchin' \" (#3 in the UK; #9 in the US), and \" Stranger in Town \" (#40 in the UK). In late 1964, Shannon produced a demo recording session for a young fellow Michigander named Bob Seger , who would go on to stardom much later. Shannon gave acetates of the session to Dick Clark (Del was on one of Clark's tours in 1965), and by 1966, Bob Seger was recording for Philadelphia's famed Cameo Records label, resulting in some regional hits which would eventually lead to a major-label deal with Capitol Records. Also in late 1964 Shannon paid tribute to one of his own musical idols with Del Shannon Sings Hank Williams (Amy Records 8004). The album was recorded in hardcore country honky-tonk style and no singles were released. Shannon opened with Ike and Tina Turner at Dave Hull 's Hullabaloo in Los Angeles, California , on December 22, 1965. [5]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.063282489776611, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "During Shannon's Liberty Records tenure, success on a national scale eluded him, but he did score several \"regional\" US chart hits with \"The Big Hurt\", \"Under My Thumb\", \"She\", \"Led Along\" and \"Runaway\" (1967 version). That version (recorded in England and produced by Rolling Stones producer Andrew Loog Oldham ) also did well on Canadian and Australian pop charts. In early 1967 Shannon recorded the album Home and Away in England, with Oldham at the helm. Intended by Oldham as the British answer to Pet Sounds , Home and Away was shelved by Liberty Records, although a handful of singles were issued. It was not until 1978 that all of the tracks were eventually issued (with three non-related tracks) on a British album titled And The Music Plays On. In 1991, all of the tracks were released in the US as part of the Del Shannon--The Liberty Years CD. In 2006, 39 years after it was recorded, Home and Away was finally released as a stand-alone collection by EMI Records in the UK. This CD collected the 11 original tracks in stereo and the five single releases (US, UK and Philippines) in their original monaural mixes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.314788818359375, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "In September 1967, Shannon began laying down the tracks for The Further Adventures of Charles Westover, which would be highly regarded by fans and critics alike, despite disappointing sales. The album yielded two 1968 singles, \"Thinkin' It Over\" and \"Gemini\" (recently the subject of a Pilooski remix). In October 1968, Liberty Records released their tenth (in the US) and final Del Shannon single, a cover of Dee Clark 's 1961 hit \"Raindrops\". This brought to a close a commercially disappointing period in Shannon's career. In 1972, he signed with United Artists and recorded Live In England, released in June 1973. Reviewer Chris Martin critiqued the album favourably, saying that Shannon never improvised, was always true to the original sounds of his music and that only Lou Christie rivaled his falsetto . [6] In April 1975, he signed with Island Records . [7]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.340329647064209, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "In 1986 Luis Cardenas, drummer for the band Renegade, made his version of Shannon's hit Runaway. The video for the song featured stop animation dinosaurs, and Del Shannon had a cameo in the video, appearing at the end of the video as the police officer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.955511093139648, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Del Shannon", "passage": "Del Shannon Memorial in Coopersville, Michigan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402166366577148, "source": "search", "title": "Remember Radio: Today's Featured Artist...August 4, 2016 ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You is a studio album by American artist Barbra Streisand, released on October 25, 1988 on Columbia Records. The album was particularly notable both for its thematic structure (its eleven songs chronicle a romance's beginning, middle and end) and its high-budget production, as many guest writers, producers and musicians participated during its making – Burt Bacharach and Carole Bayer Sager offered three brand new songs to the album, Quincy Jones produced \"The Places You Find Love\" and Luther Vandross and Dionne Warwick among others added backing vocals to the track. Also, the title track (a Top 40 hit in the Billboard Hot 100) was a duet between Streisand and her then-boyfriend, actor Don Johnson. According to the liner notes of Barbra's retrospective box set: Just for the Record, the album also received a record certification in Holland and in New Zealand. ", "precise_score": 9.675305366516113, "rough_score": 8.885708808898926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Till I Loved You (album)" }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version): Barbra Streisand: MP3 Downloads", "precise_score": 6.65296745300293, "rough_score": 7.618064880371094, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson ..." }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) · Barbra Streisand / 芭芭拉史翠珊", "precise_score": 7.629361629486084, "rough_score": 8.252333641052246, "source": "search", "title": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Another highlight from the album was the title track, which was a duet with the Miami Vice superstar actor Don Johnson, whom Streisand was dating at the time of recording. The track was the love theme from Goya, a project developed by CBS Records, Freddie Gershon and Allan Carr for opera singer Plácido Domingo playing artist Francisco Goya. In 2006, in an interview with TV host Jonathan Ross, Johnson recalled about the recording of the song:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5469683408737183, "source": "wiki", "title": "Till I Loved You (album)" }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Barbra Streisand 's first album of new studio material in four years, Till I Loved You was led by its title song, a duet with Streisand 's current paramour, actor Don Johnson , on a tune from a Columbia Records pet project, a studio musical called Goya, written by Maury Yeston (composer of the Broadway show Nine), that the label was encouraging its artists to promote. That embarrassing recording made the album as a whole seem worse than it was. But Till I Loved You , which was given over to newly written romantic ballads by people like Burt Bacharach and Carole Bayer Sager , still wasn't very good. Eighteen songwriters, six producers, nine recording studios: like Emotion , Till I Loved You was a big-budget effort. But it was like a movie with a great star, great production values, and a mediocre script, so how much you liked it depended on how much you liked Streisand , and it sold to her fans only.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.196473121643066, "source": "search", "title": "Till I Loved You - Barbra Streisand | Songs, Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7782968878746033, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson ..." }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7782968878746033, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson ..." }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) (Album Version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7782968878746033, "source": "search", "title": "Amazon.com: Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson ..." }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6437699794769287, "source": "search", "title": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.260132074356079, "source": "search", "title": "Till I Loved You (Duet with Don Johnson) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Don Johnson", "passage": "Till I Loved You (5:10) met Don Johnson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.811906337738037, "source": "search", "title": "Barbra Streisand – Till I Loved You (1988) - NovioMusic.nl" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published", "precise_score": 2.47892689704895, "rough_score": 5.497554302215576, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The first crossword puzzle published, by Arthur Wynne on December 21st, 1913", "precise_score": 6.6942925453186035, "rough_score": 8.040042877197266, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "On this day in 1913, exactly one hundred years ago, the first crossword puzzle was published in the New York World. Though crosswords had been invented earlier in the 19th century, it was not until Arthur Wynne, an English journalist from Liverpool, published the crossword that this time-killer became popular worldwide.", "precise_score": 5.9196014404296875, "rough_score": 6.557949066162109, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published", "precise_score": 2.47892689704895, "rough_score": 5.497554302215576, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The first crossword puzzle published, by Arthur Wynne on December 21st, 1913", "precise_score": 6.6942925453186035, "rough_score": 8.040042877197266, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "On this day in 1913, exactly one hundred years ago, the first crossword puzzle was published in the New York World. Though crosswords had been invented earlier in the 19th century, it was not until Arthur Wynne, an English journalist from Liverpool, published the crossword that this time-killer became popular worldwide.", "precise_score": 5.9196014404296875, "rough_score": 6.557949066162109, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "1913 ~  Arthur Wynne’s  “word-cross” was the World’s first  crossword  puzzle published on the 21st December 1913, when it was published in the  New York World  newspaper.", "precise_score": 9.841411590576172, "rough_score": 9.147538185119629, "source": "search", "title": "DECEMBER 21 ~ ON THiS DAY in History - AntonK.com" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The World’s first crossword ~ Fun’s Word-Cross Puzzle by Arthur Wynne, published on the 21st December 1913 in the New York World", "precise_score": 9.053912162780762, "rough_score": 9.001017570495605, "source": "search", "title": "DECEMBER 21 ~ ON THiS DAY in History - AntonK.com" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "On December 12, 1913, the very first crossword puzzle, created by Arthur Wynne, was published in the New York World newspaper.", "precise_score": 7.771218776702881, "rough_score": 8.51668930053711, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The first known published crossword puzzle was created by a journalist named Arthur Wynne from Liverpool, and he is usually credited as the inventor of the popular word game. December 21, 1913 was the date and it appeared in a Sunday newspaper, the New York World. Wynne's puzzle(see below) differed from today's crosswords in that it was diamond shaped and contained no internal black squares. During the early 1920's other newspapers picked up the newly discovered pastime and within a decade crossword puzzles were featured in almost all American newspapers. It was in this period crosswords began to assume their familiar form. Ten years after its rebirth in the States it crossed the Atlantic and re-conquered Europe.", "precise_score": 7.115984916687012, "rough_score": 5.92958402633667, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The first crossword puzzle ran in The New York World on 21 December, 1913, 100 years ago this week, invented by Arthur Wynne. Photograph: Karen Bleier/AFP", "precise_score": 7.275393009185791, "rough_score": 6.066104888916016, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The paper published the first crossword puzzle in December 1913. The annual reference book, called The World Almanac, was founded by the newspaper, and its name, World Almanac, is directly descended from the newspaper.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.585458278656006, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York World" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published | What Happened Today in History?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5851502418518066, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Following the first publication of Wynne’s crossword in 1913, the word puzzle quickly spread to other newspapers. Much like the Sudoku craze that took over in the mid-2000s (hard to believe it is only that old!), the crossword puzzle was an instant hit. Interestingly, in the 1920s there were negative reactions to the increased popularity of the crossword. Here are a few I found particularly interesting (taken from the Wikipedia article):", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.343844890594482, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The New York Public Library (1921): “The latest craze to strike libraries is the crossword puzzle,” and complained that when “the puzzle ‘fans’ swarm to the dictionaries and encyclopedias so as to drive away readers and students who need these books in their daily work, can there be any doubt of the Library’s duty to protect its legitimate readers?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.635843276977539, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The New York Times would not print crosswords in its pages until 1942; ironically, the New York Times crossword is now one of the most played crosswords in America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.427924156188965, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Crosswords have appeared in multiple languages since Wynne’s 1913 crossword, including many European languages such as French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, German, and Russian. Japanese crosswords also exist, where instead of placing a letter in a box, a syllable is often placed (in katakana, one of the three written “alphabets” in the Japanese language).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.508735656738281, "source": "search", "title": "December 21st – The first crossword puzzle is published ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Following the first publication of Wynne’s crossword in 1913, the word puzzle quickly spread to other newspapers. Much like the Sudoku craze that took over in the mid-2000s (hard to believe it is only that old!), the crossword puzzle was an instant hit. Interestingly, in the 1920s there were negative reactions to the increased popularity of the crossword. Here are a few I found particularly interesting (taken from the Wikipedia article):", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.343844890594482, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The New York Public Library (1921): “The latest craze to strike libraries is the crossword puzzle,” and complained that when “the puzzle ‘fans’ swarm to the dictionaries and encyclopedias so as to drive away readers and students who need these books in their daily work, can there be any doubt of the Library’s duty to protect its legitimate readers?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.635843276977539, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The New York Times would not print crosswords in its pages until 1942; ironically, the New York Times crossword is now one of the most played crosswords in America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.427924156188965, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Crosswords have appeared in multiple languages since Wynne’s 1913 crossword, including many European languages such as French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, German, and Russian. Japanese crosswords also exist, where instead of placing a letter in a box, a syllable is often placed (in katakana, one of the three written “alphabets” in the Japanese language).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.508735656738281, "source": "search", "title": "New York World | What Happened Today in History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The First Crossword Puzzle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.695173263549805, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The First Crossword Puzzle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.695173263549805, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Shape of the First Crossword Puzzle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903420448303223, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "This first crossword puzzle was in a diamond shape, with a hole in the center, and had no black filler spaces. The very top square was numbered \"1\" and then numbers ran along the sides and along the inside of the puzzle, creating numbers for both the beginning and end of each word. Thus, each clue was labeled with two numbers , such as \"10-11\" (for an across clue) or \"24-31\" (for a down clue). However, there was an interesting exception to this particular puzzle; since Wynne had placed the word \"FUN\" in the top three spaces, a few clues referenced these letters (for example, clue \"F-7\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337322235107422, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "For this first puzzle , Wynne included instructions: \"Fill in the small squares with words which agree with the following definitions.\" A sampling of these clues include \"a written acknowledgment,\" \"a daydream,\" and \"an aromatic plant.\" (The answers are receipt, reverie, and nard.). Unlike newer crossword puzzles, the clues of the very first crossword were not separated into \"across\" and \"down\" sections but just given in one list.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276090621948242, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "When this first crossword puzzle appeared on that Sunday in 1913, it became an instant success. Although it was popular right after its introduction, in the 1920s, crosswords became a very popular fad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.628408432006836, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Despite the extreme popularity of crossword puzzles in the 1920s, the New York Times waited until 1942 to publish its first crossword puzzle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7189507484436035, "source": "search", "title": "The First Crossword Puzzle - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346735000610352, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346735000610352, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Crossword puzzles are said to be the most popular and widespread word game in the world, yet have a short history. The first crosswords appeared in England during the 19th century. They were of an elementary kind, apparently derived from the word square, a group of words arranged so the letters read alike vertically and horizontally, and printed in children's puzzle books and various periodicals. In the United States, however, the puzzle developed into a serious adult pastime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.239612579345703, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The first appearance of a crossword in a British publication was in Pearson's Magazine in February 1922, and the first Times crossword appeared on February 1 1930. British puzzles quickly developed their own style, being considerably more difficult than the American variety. In particular the cryptic crossword became established and rapidly gained popularity. The generally considered governing rules for cryptic puzzles were laid down by A. F. Ritchie and D. S. Macnutt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.575740337371826, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "These people, gifted with the ability to see words puzzled together in given geometrical patterns and capable of twisting and turning words into word plays dancing on the wit of human minds, have since constructed millions of puzzles by hand and each of these puzzlers has developed personal styles known and loved by his fans. These people have set the standard of what to expect from a quality crossword puzzle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.520308494567871, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The world's first crossword puzzle", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.430031776428223, "source": "search", "title": "Brief History of Crossword Puzzles" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Arthur Wynne’s “word-cross”, the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7029049396514893, "source": "search", "title": "Day In History: What Happened On December 21, 1913 In History?" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on 21.12.1913 | Crosswords | The Guardian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.129074215888977, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Crosswords", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386802673339844, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on 21.12.1913", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7613676190376282, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Devotees of all kinds of crossword (cruciverbalists, some people coyly call them) will today be saluting the memory of a Liverpool man who emigrated to the United States, abandoned onion farming for journalism, became editor of the New York World, and on 21 December 21, 1913 filled a spare space in his paper with a device that he called a word cross, thus ensuring his name would be honoured today as the inventor of crosswords.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9554049968719482, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "But it also has to be said that crosswords today bear about as much resemblance to Wynne's pioneering number as does the Goldberg Variations to Chopsticks. Wynne's puzzle was shaped like a diamond. All you had to do was to fill in the answers to questions like \"the plural of is\" (3) and \"what artists learn to do\" (4) – even if one or two demanded more erudition (\"the fibre of the gomuti palm\", the answer to which was \"doh\".)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463082313537598, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "It's the cryptic and supercryptic, though, that are serious business. Over the years, ingenious hands have developed more and more techniques for making their solvers sweat. The Observer was the pacemaker here, unleashing on its customers first Torquemada and, after him, Ximenes, both named after Spanish inquisitors. Ximenes was Derrick Somerset Macnutt, who taught me Greek at Christ's Hospital school, not a happy experience for either of us. He was one of a school that favoured strict rules for crosswords, which he embodied in a book call Ximenes On the Art of the Crossword, published in 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.008301734924316, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Some setters still stick to these rules. Others favour the far more libertarian style embodied in the work of John Graham, Araucaria of the Guardian, who died in November . John was an orthodox Anglican minister, but in crossword terms he was a joyous heretic, who, strict Ximeneans might have considered, deserved to be burned at the stake. Most of his Guardian faithful will tell you there never was, and never will be, a setter to match Araucaria. But some of the younger setters, who revere him as the master, take even greater liberties from time to time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449548721313477, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "That's not to say they don't observe rules. It is still the case, in most instances, that a clue will contain a definition, equivalent to the word or words you need to install, and a cryptic variation to point you towards it. Or often, at first, away from it: since this is a world in which fiendish is a term of approval and the work of its best protagonists is admired for a phenomenon, rare in most trades, that might be called honest deception. In his 2003 book Pretty Girl in Crimson Rose (8), Sandy Balfour describes his girlfriend's struggles to get him to solve cryptic crosswords. \"That,\" she says, rejecting a proffered solution, \"is what they want you to think it means.\" A clue may include the words \"Greek character\", which will usually indicate the presence of such letters as mu, nu or pi. Yet the letters you need in this case may make up the name Plato.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352684020996094, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Some of the tricks of the trade are now ancient. The use, for instance, of anagrams, whose presence is often indicated by words such as mangled, messy or mutilated. Hugh Stephenson, the Guardian's crossword editor, has three pages listing such devices in his book Secrets of the Setters. Some enthusiasts disparage the anagram, yet it helps the solver to get the game under way, and at its best can be an enrichment of life – as when carthorse yields orchestra, or Manchester City becomes synthetic cream (they were playing that way at the time), or Britney Spears, Presbyterians. There are also standard cliches which solvers soon spot – a soldier may give you RE, or perhaps GI; an L may give you a learner (as in L plates for learner drivers), although it might also mean left, large, lake or Latin. Hugh Stephenson lists these, too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.487091064453125, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Yet what makes a good setter is above all, ingenuity and invention; so brand new tricks are entering the language of crosswords all the time. And it's when a setter comes up with a clue that baffles you for 45 minutes and makes you gasp when you solve it that the pleasure of crosswords reaches its peak. There were several in the Guardian prize crossword a week ago, concocted by Paul, a devout Araucarian. For instance, the unXimenean \"Tommy Cooper\" (1, 4, 2, 7, 4) the answer to which I can say, since the competition is closed, is \"a name to conjure with\". Our hero today, Arthur Wynne (born Everton 1871, died Clearwater, Florida 1945) would surely have marvelled at that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29426097869873, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "2 ROVER'S RETURN (the pub in Coronation Street) – source not found; picked out by Colin Dexter, creator of the crossword-loving Morse – source not found", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389429092407227, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "One hundred years ago today, the first crossword – or 'Word Cross' – was published in the New York World newspaper. Lynne Truss reveals how she caught the cryptic bug", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.125838041305542, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Sandy Balfour on the graceful art of compiling crosswords – and the importance of a dollop of misdirection", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.470730781555176, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "A festive treat for lovers of crosswords and literature alike", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.50285816192627, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "I had gone to ask for a crossword, but fell in love with his mischievous erudition, his humility and his courage, writes Sandy Balfour", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419553756713867, "source": "search", "title": "100 years of crosswords: the first appeared in New York on ..." }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "ARTHUR WYNNE’S ‘WORD-CROSS’, THE FIRST CROSSWORD PUZZLE, IS PUBLISHED – DECEMBER 21, 1913", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.902408242225647, "source": "search", "title": "This Day In History - December 21st - Your History Haven" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "On December 21, 1913, Arthur Wynne, a journalist from Liverpool, England, published a “word-cross” puzzle in the New York World that embodied most of the features of the genre as we know it. This puzzle is frequently cited as the first crossword puzzle, and Wynne as the inventor. Later, the name of the puzzle was changed to “crossword”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.03229284286499, "source": "search", "title": "This Day In History - December 21st - Your History Haven" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "Crossword puzzles became a regular weekly feature in the World, and spread to other newspapers; the Boston Globe, for example was publishing them at least as early as 1917. By the 1920s, the crossword phenomenon was starting to attract notice. In 1921, the New York Public Library reported that “The latest craze to strike libraries is the crossword puzzle.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.236358165740967, "source": "search", "title": "This Day In History - December 21st - Your History Haven" }, { "answer": "Crossword", "passage": "The first book of crossword puzzles appeared in 1924, published by Simon and Schuster. “This odd-looking book with a pencil attached to it” was an instant hit and crossword puzzles became the craze of 1924. [ Source ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.577511787414551, "source": "search", "title": "This Day In History - December 21st - Your History Haven" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Because You Loved Me", "passage": "\"One Sweet Day\" became Carey's tenth chart topping single on the Billboard Hot 100 and Boyz II Men's fourth. The song remained at the peak for a record-breaking, 16 consecutive weeks, from December 2, 1995 to March 16, 1996. Boyz II Men had previously held this record twice, with \"End of the Road\" (1992) spending 13 weeks at the top and \"I'll Make Love to You\" (1994) spending 14. The former song shares this record with Brandy and Monica's \"The Boy Is Mine\", and the latter song shared its record with Whitney Houston's \"I Will Always Love You\". Carey's 2005 song \"We Belong Together\", The Black Eyed Peas's 2009 \"I Gotta Feeling\" and Mark Ronson's 2014 track, \"Uptown Funk\", managed to stay at number one for 14 weeks as well. \"One Sweet Day\" replaced \"Exhale (Shoop Shoop)\" by Whitney Houston at number one, and was replaced by Celine Dion's \"Because You Loved Me\". The single also debuted at number one, making Carey the first artist to have more than one number-one debut, and one of the two artists ever to have two consecutive singles debut at the top of the chart, along with Britney Spears, with \"3\" (2009) and \"Hold It Against Me\" (2011). One Sweet Day was the third best-selling single of 1995 in the US, with sales of over 1,300,000, with the second best-selling single being Carey's \"Fantasy\". The song spent 26 weeks in the top 40, was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and was ranked number one on Billboards \"Decade-End Charts\". To date the single sold 2,334,000 physical units. ", "precise_score": 2.1977052688598633, "rough_score": 0.6187534928321838, "source": "wiki", "title": "One Sweet Day" }, { "answer": "Because You Loved Me", "passage": "\"One Sweet Day\" became Carey's tenth chart topping single on the Billboard Hot 100 and Boyz II Men's fourth. The song remained at the peak for a record-breaking, 16 consecutive weeks, from December 2, 1995 to March 16, 1996. [20] Boyz II Men had previously held this record twice, with \" End of the Road \" (1992) spending 13 weeks at the top and \" I'll Make Love to You \" (1994) spending 14. [20] [21] The former song shares this record with Brandy and Monica 's \" The Boy Is Mine \", and the latter song shared its record with Whitney Houston 's \" I Will Always Love You \". [20] [21] Carey's 2005 song \" We Belong Together \", The Black Eyed Peas 's 2009 \" I Gotta Feeling \" and Mark Ronson 's 2014 track, \" Uptown Funk \", managed to stay at number one for 14 weeks as well. [21] \"One Sweet Day\" replaced \" Exhale (Shoop Shoop) \" by Whitney Houston at number one, and was replaced by Celine Dion 's \" Because You Loved Me \". [20] The single also debuted at number one, making Carey the first artist to have more than one number-one debut, and one of the two artists ever to have two consecutive singles debut at the top of the chart, along with Britney Spears , with \" 3 \" (2009) and \" Hold It Against Me \" (2011). [2] [22] One Sweet Day was the third best-selling single of 1995 in the US, with sales of over 1,300,000, with the second best-selling single being Carey's \" Fantasy \". [23] The song spent 26 weeks in the top 40, was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and was ranked number one on Billboard's \"Decade-End Charts\". [24] To date the single sold 2,334,000 physical units. [25]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5927720069885254, "source": "search", "title": "Learn and talk about One Sweet Day, 1995 singles, 1995 ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Texas", "passage": "The Dallas Museum of Art is supported, in part, by the generosity of DMA Members and donors, the citizens of Dallas through the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs, and the Texas Commission on the Arts.", "precise_score": -8.22172737121582, "rough_score": -7.092464923858643, "source": "search", "title": "Home | Dallas Museum of Art" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Bi-winning", "Charlie Sheen", "Carlos Estevez", "Charlysheen", "Charles sheen", "WINNING!", "Carlos Estavez", "Charlie sheen", "Carlos irwin estevez", "Carlos estevez", "Charles Irwin Sheen", "Carlos Irwin Estévez", "Carlos Estévez", "Duh, winning", "Carlos Irwin Estevez" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "winning", "charlysheen", "carlos estavez", "charles sheen", "carlos irwin estévez", "carlos irwin estevez", "charles irwin sheen", "charlie sheen", "carlos estévez", "bi winning", "carlos estevez", "duh winning" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "charlie sheen", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Charlie Sheen" }

[ { "answer": "Charlie Sheen", "passage": "SO IT TURNS out that the baseball that rolled between Bill Buckner's legs is still rolling. And now you can pick it up and take it home - if you're willing to skip meals for the next 40 years. Charlie Sheen, the actor, paid $93,500 for the ball that came off Mookie Wilson's bat in the 10th inning of Game 6, the 1986 World Series. For almost eight years Sheen kept the ball inside a museum-style case on the wall of his game room. There's a baseball museum in those cabinets. But the actor has learned a new line: Enough is enough. He's putting the ball back in play at the April 27-28 Leland's auction. Along with a Jackie Robinson uniform shirt from 1949, his MVP season, and a Ted Williams shirt for 1941, when he became the last player to hit over .", "precise_score": 9.730146408081055, "rough_score": 8.437294960021973, "source": "search", "title": "'X' BALL STILL HAS CERTAIN SHEEN TO IT - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Charlie Sheen", "passage": "Charlie Sheen purchased the \"Buckner Ball\" at auction in for $93,000, and it long resided in the collection of songwriter Seth Swirsky, who refers to it as the \"Mookie Ball.\" The ball was on loan for a time from Swirsky to the Mets to display in their Mets Hall of Fame and Museum, and it was among the most popular artifacts for fans to see. On May 3, 2012, Swirsky sold the ball through Heritage Auctions for $418,250. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.559743881225586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bill Buckner" }, { "answer": "Charlie Sheen", "passage": "The ball was eventually snapped up by actor Charlie Sheen for $93,500, and the star held on to the ball for almost eight years until he decided to part with a lot of his sporting memorabilia collection in 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8526601791381836, "source": "search", "title": "Mets-Red Sox: The Story of the Ball That Got Through Billy ..." }, { "answer": "Charlie Sheen", "passage": "That is where he was in April 2000 when Charlie Sheen was changing his life a little bit and decided to rid himself of his memorabilia. Seth stayed up late into the night to bid on the ball and he came away with the high bid, well after 3 a.m. Eastern time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07763671875, "source": "search", "title": "Mets-Red Sox: The Story of the Ball That Got Through Billy ..." }, { "answer": "Charlie Sheen", "passage": "Nearly six years later, Richman put the ball up for auction. He expected it might snare a few thousand dollars, but actor Charlie Sheen bought \"the Buckner ball\" for a then-staggering $93,500, with most of the proceeds going to charity. Buckner questioned the ball's authenticity, though Montague and Richman vehemently insisted it was the actual one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.1160896047949791, "source": "search", "title": "The House of Montague / For 80 years, it's been about baseball" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Charles W. Fairbanks", "passage": "Two vice presidents served under different presidents. George Clinton served under both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, while John C. Calhoun served under John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. In the modern era, Adlai Stevenson I became the first former vice president to seek election with a different running mate, running in 1900 with William Jennings Bryan after serving under Bryan's rival, Grover Cleveland. (He was also narrowly defeated for Governor of Illinois in 1908.) Charles W. Fairbanks, vice president under Theodore Roosevelt, sought unsuccessfully to return to office as Charles Evans Hughes' running mate in 1916.", "precise_score": 1.736201524734497, "rough_score": 4.577371120452881, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Charles W. Fairbanks", "passage": "Charles W. Fairbanks, a member of the Republican Party , took office as the 26th Vice President of the United States on March 4, 1905 at age 52. Fairbanks served as VP to President Theodore Roosevelt for 4 years through March 4, 1909. He was born in Union County, Ohio and received an education from Ohio Wesleyan University.", "precise_score": 7.418025493621826, "rough_score": 7.265822410583496, "source": "search", "title": "Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President to President ..." }, { "answer": "Charles Warren Fairbanks", "passage": "On September 6, President McKinley was shot by an anarchist acting alone while in Buffalo, New York. Initial reports suggested that his condition was improving, so Roosevelt, after visiting the ailing president, embarked for the west. When McKinley's condition worsened, Roosevelt rushed back. McKinley died on September 14, and Roosevelt was sworn in at the Ansley Wilcox House. The following month, Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House. To his dismay, this sparked a bitter, and at times vicious, reaction across the heavily segregated South. Roosevelt reacted with astonishment and protest, saying that he looked forward to many future dinners with Washington. Upon further reflection, Roosevelt wanted to ensure that this had no effect on political support in the South, and further dinner invitations to Washington were avoided; their next meeting was scheduled as typical business at 10:00am instead. Roosevelt kept McKinley's Cabinet and promised to continue McKinley's policies. In the November 1904 presidential election, Roosevelt won the presidency in his own right in a landslide victory against Alton Brooks Parker. His vice president was Charles Warren Fairbanks of Indiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8011913299560547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "Charles Warren Fairbanks", "passage": "The control and management of the Republican Party lay in the hands of chairman Mark Hanna until McKinley's death. Hanna's domination, and potential rivalry for the party's nomination in 1904, began to wane with his own health issues; he died early that year. In deference to Hanna's conservative loyalists, Roosevelt at first offered the party chairmanship to Cornelius Bliss, but he declined. Roosevelt turned to his own man, George B. Cortelyou of New York, the first Secretary of Commerce and Labor. To buttress his hold on the party's nomination, Roosevelt made it clear that anyone opposing Cortelyou would be considered to be opposing the President. The President secured his own nomination, but his preferred vice-presidential running mate, Robert R. Hitt, was not nominated. Charles Warren Fairbanks gained the nomination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.09710693359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "answer": "Charles W. Fairbanks", "passage": "Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President to President Theodore Roosevelt}", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0887751579284668, "source": "search", "title": "Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President to President ..." }, { "answer": "Charles W. Fairbanks", "passage": "Charles W. Fairbanks", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.236288070678711, "source": "search", "title": "Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President to President ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Nicaragua", "passage": "          Following the resolution of most outstanding issues, the San Francisco Conference closed on June 26, 1945.  In a show of support, Truman attended the final session for the signing of the United Nations Charter, and congratulated the delegates for creating a �solid structure upon which we can build a better world.�  However, Truman still needed to secure Senate ratification of the Charter.  Both he and Stettinius urged the Senate to give its advice and consent to ratification; Truman said, �I want to see the United States do it first.�  In a testament to the sustained wartime efforts to build support for the United Nations, the Charter was approved in the Senate on July 28, 1945, by a vote of 89 to 2, with 5 abstentions.  (The U.S. ratification followed that of Nicaragua and El Salvador.)  The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, after the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, China, and France, as well as a majority of the other signatories, had ratified the United Nations Charter.", "precise_score": 6.278842926025391, "rough_score": 6.2006449699401855, "source": "search", "title": "The United States and the Founding of the United Nations ..." }, { "answer": "Nicaragua", "passage": "A JOINT DECLARATION BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, CANADA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, EL SALVADOR, GREECE, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, INDIA, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA, POLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, YUGOSLAVIA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.30683708190918, "source": "wiki", "title": "United Nations" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "This Page will deal with the portion of the Alaska Highway from the Yukon/Alaska border to Fairbanks Alaska. The official terminus of the highway is in fact located in Delta Junction Alaska and the portion between Delta Junction and Fairbanks is in reality on the Richardson Highway. It’s a minor point but one that we needed to point out.", "precise_score": 7.674513339996338, "rough_score": 8.682714462280273, "source": "search", "title": "Alaska Highway: Alcan Highway Campgrounds Alaska.com" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "And no wonder there are questions: The Alaska Highway traverses a vast wilderness in a remote expanse of North America, from Mile 0 at Dawson Creek, BC, to Delta Junction, AK, at Mile 1422, official end of the Alaska Highway (which is 96 driving miles from Fairbanks, the unofficial end of the highway at Historical Mile 1523). Such a trip requires planning.", "precise_score": 5.106462478637695, "rough_score": 6.328292369842529, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ: Driving the Alaska Highway - The MILEPOST" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "An informal system of historic mileposts developed over the years to denote major stopping points; Delta Junction, at the end of the highway, makes reference to its location at \"Historic Milepost 1422.\" It is at this point that the Alaska Highway meets the Richardson Highway, which continues 155 km to the city of Fairbanks. This is often regarded, though unofficially, as the northern portion of the Alaska Highway, with Fairbanks at Historic Milepost 1520. Mileposts on this stretch of highway are measured from Valdez, rather than the Alaska Highway. The Alaska Highway is popularly (but unofficially) considered part of the Pan-American Highway, which extends south (despite its discontinuity in Panama) to Argentina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.256357431411743, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alaska Highway" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "However, some route consideration was given. The preferred route would pass through the Rocky Mountain Trench from Prince George, British Columbia to Dawson City before turning west to Fairbanks, Alaska.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.85003662109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alaska Highway" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "An informal system of historic mileposts developed over the years to denote major stopping points; Delta Junction, at the end of the highway, makes reference to its location at \"Historic Milepost 1422.\" [1] It is at this point that the Alaska Highway meets the Richardson Highway , which continues 155 km (96 mi) to the city of Fairbanks. This is often regarded, though unofficially, as the northern portion of the Alaska Highway, with Fairbanks at Historic Milepost 1520. [1] Mileposts on this stretch of highway are measured from Valdez, rather than the Alaska Highway. The Alaska Highway is popularly (but unofficially) considered part of the Pan-American Highway , which extends south (despite its discontinuity in Panama ) to Argentina. [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.031757354736328, "source": "search", "title": "Alaska Highway - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "However, some route consideration was given. The preferred route would pass through the Rocky Mountain Trench from Prince George, British Columbia to Dawson City before turning west to Fairbanks, Alaska.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.85003662109375, "source": "search", "title": "Alaska Highway - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "Valdez is located on the north shore of Port Valdez, a deep-water fjord in Prince William Sound. It lies 305 road miles east of Anchorage, and 364 road miles south of Fairbanks. It is the southern terminus of the Richardson Highway and the trans-Alaska pipeline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9730839729309082, "source": "search", "title": "Valdez Alaska - The Terminus of the Alaska Pipeline" }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "The Alaska Highway starts in Dawson Creek, British Columbia , winds northwest through the Yukon Territory of Canada and officially ends in Delta Junction, Alaska 1,422 miles from Dawson Creek.  Delta Junction is at the junction of the Alaska Highway and the Richardson Highway.   When you leave the Alaska Highway, you have the option of traveling about 100 miles north on the Richardson Highway to get to Fairbanks or head south via the Richardson and Glenn Highways to get to Anchorage , a distance of about 335 miles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.290764331817627, "source": "search", "title": "Driving the Alaska Highway | Alaska Travel Blog ~ Alaska ..." }, { "answer": "Fairbanks", "passage": "Remember that you will be driving in 2 different countries that use 2 different currencies: For the best rate, exchange your money at a bank. There are banks in Dawson Creek, Fort St. John, Fort Nelson, Watson Lake, Whitehorse, Tok, Delta Junction and Fairbanks. Haines Junction has banking service at the post office. Most businesses (but not all) will take major credit cards. Be aware that credit card companies tack on a fee for foreign currency transactions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371922492980957, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ: Driving the Alaska Highway - The MILEPOST" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Joseph", "Joseph (name)", "Yuseif", "Joseph (biblical)", "Yoseif", "Yoseph", "Joseph (given name)", "Yôseph", "Youssef", "Jospeh", "Joe (name)", "Josey (name)", "Jazeps", "يوسف", "Joeseph", "Giuseppe", "Joe (given name)", "Guiseppe", "Seosamh", "Jāzeps", "Ioseph", "Józef" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "josey name", "yuseif", "يوسف", "joseph", "jazeps", "ioseph", "joseph biblical", "guiseppe", "joeseph", "jospeh", "yoseph", "józef", "joseph given name", "joe given name", "seosamh", "joseph name", "yôseph", "yoseif", "giuseppe", "jāzeps", "joe name", "youssef" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "joseph", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Joseph" }

[ { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "When at six months of age he tumbled down a flight of stairs unharmed, he was given the name \"Buster\" by Harry Houdini who, along with W.C. Fields , Bill Robinson (\"Bojangles\"), Eddie Cantor and Al Jolson shared headlines with \"The Three Keatons\": Buster, his father Joe Keaton and mother Myra Keaton . Their act, one of the most dangerous in vaudeville, was about how to discipline a prankster child. Buster was thrown all over the stage and even into the audience. No matter what the stunt, he was poker-faced. By the time Buster turned 21, however, his father was such a severe alcoholic that the stunts became too dangerous to perform and the act dissolved. He first saw a movie studio in March 1917 and, on April 23, his debut film, Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle 's The Butcher Boy (1917), was released. He stayed with Fatty through 15 two-reelers, even though he was offered much more to sign with Fox or Warner Bros. after returning from ten months with the U.S. Army (40th Infantry Division) in France. His first full-length feature, The Saphead (1920), established him as a star in his own right. By the middle of 1921 he had his own production company--Buster Keaton Productions--and was writing, directing and starring in his own films. With a small and close team around him, Keaton created some of the most beautiful and imaginative films of the silent era. The General (1926), his favorite, was one of the last films over which he had artistic control. In 1928 he reluctantly signed with MGM after his contract with independent producer Joseph M. Schenck expired. MGM quickly began to enforce its rigid, mechanized style of filmmaking on Keaton, swamping him with gag writers and scripts. He fought against it for a time, and the compromise was initially fruitful, his first film for MGM-- The Cameraman (1928)--being one of his finest. However,with his creativity becoming increasingly stifled he began to drink excessively, despondent at having to perform material that was beneath him. Ironically, his films around 1930 were his most successful to date in terms of box-office receipts, which confirmed to MGM that its formula was right. His drinking led to a disregard for schedules and erratic behavior on the MGM lot, and a disastrous confrontation with Louis B. Mayer resulted in him being fired. The diplomatic producer Irving Thalberg attempted to smooth things over but Keaton was past caring. By 1932 he was a divorced alcoholic, getting work where he could, mostly in short comedies. In 1935 he entered a mental hospital. MGM rehired him in 1937 as a $100-a-week gag writer (his salary ten years before was more than ten times this amount). The occasional film was a boost to this steady income. In 1947 his career rebounded with a live appearance at Cirque Medrano in Paris. In 1952 James Mason , who then owned Keaton's Hollywood mansion, found a secret store of presumably lost nitrate stock of many of Buster's early films; film historian and archivist Raymond Rohauer began a serious collection/preservation of Buster's work. In 1957 Buster appeared with Charles Chaplin in Limelight (1952) and his film biography, The Buster Keaton Story (1957), was released. Two years later he received a special Oscar for his life work in comedy, and he began to receive the accolades he so richly deserved, with festivals around the world honoring his work. He died in 1966, age 70.", "precise_score": 3.559908390045166, "rough_score": 3.4318809509277344, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Joseph Frank \"Buster\" Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an American actor, director, producer, writer, and stunt performer. He was best known for his silent films , in which his trademark was physical comedy with a consistently stoic , deadpan expression, earning him the nickname \"The Great Stone Face\". [3] Keaton was recognised as the seventh-greatest film director by Entertainment Weekly . [5] In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Keaton the twenty-first greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. [7] Critic Roger Ebert wrote of Keaton's \"extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929, [when] he worked without interruption on a series of films that make him, arguably, the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies\". [3] His career declined afterward with a dispiriting loss of his artistic independence when he was hired by MGM , which resulted in a crippling alcoholism that ruined his family life. He recovered in the 1940s, remarried, and revived his career to a degree as an honoured comic performer for the rest of his life, earning an Academy Honorary Award in 1959.", "precise_score": 4.848207950592041, "rough_score": 3.885568857192993, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton | Wiki & Bio | Everipedia, the encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Though silent film comedian Buster Keaton was a famous bearer, his real name was Joseph Frank Keaton. Supposedly, he got his nickname and later stage name from Harry Houdini when he was a child. This name isn't good for an actual name, and sounds more like the name of dog.", "precise_score": 8.078609466552734, "rough_score": 7.502283096313477, "source": "search", "title": "Behind the Name: User Comments for the name Buster" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Joseph Frank \"Buster\" Keaton (1895-1966), American comic actor and filmmaker, best known for his silent films, nicknamed \"The Great Stone Face,\" ranked the 21st-greatest male star by the American Film Institute in 1999", "precise_score": 4.976221561431885, "rough_score": 3.5655457973480225, "source": "search", "title": "Keaton Surname, Family Crest & Coats of Arms" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Joseph Frank \"Buster\" Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an American actor, director, producer, writer, and stunt performer. He was best known for his silent films, in which his trademark was physical comedy with a consistently stoic, deadpan expression, earning him the nickname \"The Great Stone Face\". Keaton was recognized as the seventh-greatest film director by Entertainment Weekly. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Keaton the 21st greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Critic Roger Ebert wrote of Keaton's \"extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929, [when] he worked without interruption on a series of films that make him, arguably, the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies\". His career declined afterward with a dispiriting loss of his artistic independence when he was hired by MGM, which resulted in a crippling alcoholism that ruined his family life. He recovered in the 1940s, remarried, and revived his career to a degree as an honored comic performer for the rest of his life, earning an Academy Honorary Award in 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3189849853515625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Buster Keaton" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in Piqua, Kansas, the small town where his mother, Myra Keaton (née Cutler), happened to go into labor. He was named \"Joseph\" to continue a tradition on his father's side (he was sixth in a line bearing the name Joseph Keaton) and \"Frank\" for his maternal grandfather, who disapproved of his parents' union. Later, Keaton changed his middle name to \"Francis\". His father was Joseph Hallie \"Joe\" Keaton, who owned a traveling show with Harry Houdini called the Mohawk Indian Medicine Company, which performed on stage and sold patent medicine on the side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.983452320098877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Buster Keaton" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "In February 1917, Keaton met Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle at the Talmadge Studios in New York City, where Arbuckle was under contract to Joseph M. Schenck. Joe Keaton disapproved of films, and Buster also had reservations about the medium. During his first meeting with Arbuckle, he asked to borrow one of the cameras to get a feel for how it worked. He took the camera back to his hotel room, dismantled and reassembled it. With this rough understanding of the mechanics of the moving pictures, he returned the next day, camera in hand, asking for work. He was hired as a co-star and gag man, making his first appearance in The Butcher Boy. Keaton later claimed that he was soon Arbuckle's second director and his entire gag department. He appeared in a total of 14 Arbuckle shorts, running into 1920. They were popular and, contrary to Keaton's later reputation as \"The Great Stone Face\", he often smiled and even laughed in them. Keaton and Arbuckle became close friends, and Keaton was one of few people to defend Arbuckle's character during accusations that he was responsible for the death of actress Virginia Rappe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6958205699920654, "source": "wiki", "title": "Buster Keaton" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Keaton's writers included Clyde Bruckman, Joseph Mitchell, and Jean Havez, but the most ingenious gags were generally conceived by Keaton himself. Comedy director Leo McCarey, recalling the freewheeling days of making slapstick comedies, said, \"All of us tried to steal each other's gagmen. But we had no luck with Keaton, because he thought up his best gags himself and we couldn't steal him!\" The more adventurous ideas called for dangerous stunts, performed by Keaton at great physical risk. During the railroad water-tank scene in Sherlock Jr., Keaton broke his neck when a torrent of water fell on him from a water tower, but he did not realize it until years afterward. A scene from Steamboat Bill Jr. required Keaton to run into the shot and stand still on a particular spot. Then, the facade of a two-story building toppled forward on top of Keaton. Keaton's character emerged unscathed, thanks to a single open window. The stunt required precision, because the prop house weighed two tons, and the window only offered a few inches of clearance around Keaton's body. The sequence furnished one of the most memorable images of his career. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.409890174865723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Buster Keaton" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "In 1921, Keaton married Natalie Talmadge, sister-in-law of his boss, Joseph Schenck, and sister of actresses Norma Talmadge and Constance Talmadge. She co-starred with Keaton in Our Hospitality. The couple had two sons, Joseph, aka Buster Keaton Jr. (June 2, 1922– February 14, 2007), and Robert Talmadge Keaton (February 3, 1924– July 19, 2009), later both surnamed Talmadge. After the birth of Robert, the relationship began to suffer. Note: Source misspells Keaton's frequent appellation as \"Great Stoneface\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.755264937877655, "source": "wiki", "title": "Buster Keaton" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Met Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle for the first time strolling down Broadway in New York City. Arbuckle was with Keaton's old vaudeville acquaintance Lou Anger , who introduced them. Arbuckle immediately asked Keaton to visit the Colony Studio, where he was set to begin a series of comedies for Joseph M. Schenck . The famous comedy team was born.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.903556823730469, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in Piqua, Kansas , [15] the small town where his mother, Myra Keaton ( née Cutler), happened to go into labor. He was named \"Joseph\" to continue a tradition on his father's side (he was sixth in a line bearing the name Joseph Keaton) and \"Frank\" for his maternal grandfather, who disapproved of his parents' union. Later, Keaton changed his middle name to \"Francis\". His father was Joseph Hallie \"Joe\" Keaton , who owned a travelling show with Harry Houdini called the Mohawk Indian Medicine Company, which performed on stage and sold patent medicine on the side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.1041107177734375, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton | Wiki & Bio | Everipedia, the encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "In February 1917, Keaton met Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle at the Talmadge Studios in New York City, where Arbuckle was under contract to Joseph M. Schenck . Joe Keaton disapproved of films, and Buster additionally had reservations about the medium. During his first meeting with Arbuckle, he asked to borrow one of the cameras to get a feel for how it worked. He took the camera back to his hotel room, dismantled and reassembled it. With this rough understanding of the mechanics of the moving pictures, he returned the next day, camera in hand, asking for work. He was hired as a co-star and gag man, making his first appearance in The Butcher Boy . Keaton later claimed that he was soon Arbuckle's second director and his entire gag department. He appeared in a total of 14 Arbuckle shorts, running into 1920. They were popular and, contrary to Keaton's later reputation as \"The Great Stone Face\", he most often smiled and even laughed in them. Keaton and Arbuckle became close friends, and Keaton was one of few people to defend Arbuckle's character throughout accusations that he was responsible for the death of actress Virginia Rappe .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8634414076805115, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton | Wiki & Bio | Everipedia, the encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Keaton's writers included Clyde Bruckman , Joseph Mitchell, and Jean Havez, but the most ingenious gags were generally conceived by Keaton himself. Comedy director Leo McCarey , recalling the freewheeling days of making slapstick comedies, said, \"All of us tried to steal each other's gagmen. But we had no luck with Keaton, because he thought up his best gags himself and we couldn't steal him!\" The more adventurous ideas called for dangerous stunts, performed by Keaton at great physical risk. During the railroad water-tank scene in Sherlock Jr. , Keaton broke his neck when a torrent of water fell on him from a water tower, but he didn't realise it until years afterward. A scene from Steamboat Bill Jr. required Keaton to run into the shot and stand still on a particular spot. Then, the facade of a two-story building toppled forward on top of Keaton. Keaton's character emerged unscathed, thanks to a single open window. The stunt required precision, because the prop house weighed two tons, and the window only offered a few inches of clearance around Keaton's body. The sequence furnished one of the most memorable images of his career. [25]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.561990261077881, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton | Wiki & Bio | Everipedia, the encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "In 1921, Keaton married Natalie Talmadge , sister-in-law of his boss, Joseph Schenck , and sister of actresses Norma Talmadge and Constance Talmadge . She co-starred with Keaton in Our Hospitality . The couple had two sons, Joseph, aka Buster Keaton Jr. (June 2, 1922– February 14, 2007), [5] and Robert Talmadge Keaton (February 3, 1924– July 19, 2009), [5] later both surnamed Talmadge. [5] After the birth of Robert, the relationship began to suffer. [17]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7106242179870605, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton | Wiki & Bio | Everipedia, the encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Considered one of the groundbreaking comedians of the early film era, Joseph Frank Keaton IV was born October 4, 1895, in Piqua, Kansas. His parents, Joe and Myra, were both veteran vaudevillian actors, and Keaton himself first began performing at the age of 3 when he was incorporated into their act.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.433754920959473, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton - Film Actor, Comedian - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "To know the story of Buster Keaton’s life is to know the story of how the man got his name. A year or two after his October 1895 birth, young Joseph Frank Keaton Jr. toddled at the top of a boarding house staircase and tumbled down it’s full length. A group of horrified grown-ups are relieved to discover that the child not only survived uninjured but, apparently, enjoyed the ride. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.827970504760742, "source": "search", "title": "The Origin of Buster Keaton's Name" }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Keaton, who was born Joseph Francis Keaton Jr. in Piqua, Kansas, in 1895, spent his youth touring with his family in vaudeville, appearing in a comic-acrobatic act in which his father tossed him around the stage. The physicality required for the act blended right in with young Buster’s offstage athleticism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8756592869758606, "source": "search", "title": "Buster Keaton, Baseball Player | Society for American ..." }, { "answer": "Joseph", "passage": "Born Joseph Frank Keaton to a pair of medicine show performers, Joseph Hallie Keaton and Myra Cutler Keaton, on October 4, 1895, Buster seemed destined for show business. He reputedly made his first appearance on stage crawling on from the wings at the age of nine months (one improbable clipping says it was the day after he was born), to the audience's delight and his father's surprise. When less than three, immediately following the clothes wringer-brick-cyclone episode, he was regularly appearing with his folks in towns where the vigilance of the Gerry Society, whose job it was to enforce the child labor laws, was lax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.101824164390564, "source": "search", "title": "PART I: A Vaudeville Childhood" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Pius", "Pius (disambiguation)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "pius", "pius disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "pius", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Pius" }

[ { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "The Siri \"Thesis\" (FACT) holds that actually Cardinal Giuseppe Siri was elected Pope, after the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, but the newly-elected Pope (Gregory XVII, formerly Cardinal Siri) was *put under grave duress, threatened- prevented from taking the Papal Chair (i.e. publically proclaiming His Pontificacy) and replaced by Angelo Roncalli (John XXIII). There is evidence that in 1958, during the Conclave, the enemies of the Church were threatening \"Siri\" with mass destruction if he took the Chair of Peter (i.e. as stated \"Cardinal Siri\" after being canonically elected, accepted the papacy and chose the name Gregory XVII - the 5th column enemies within the Conclave walls themselves, then used ferocious and vicious, real threats against Pope Gregory XVII, if he publically were to announce he was the True Pope.) Pursuant to this thesis, all of the apparent 'popes' after Pope Pius XII were/are imposters (Anti-popes), as \"Siri\" was the true Pope.", "precise_score": -0.981268048286438, "rough_score": -3.91571044921875, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"In the pontificate of Pius XII Siri had been a prodigy, becoming bishop in 1944 and cardinal in 1953. He was said to have been Pius' designated successor, and fought a rude battle with Roncalli in the 1958 conclave....", "precise_score": -6.378200054168701, "rough_score": -6.175753593444824, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "When Giovanni Battista Montini fell from Pius' favor, it was expected that Siri would succeed Pius in the 1958 conclave.", "precise_score": -6.71997594833374, "rough_score": -6.57712459564209, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Siri does not relate the conclave events in chronological order. The scene in the Pauline Chapel, which had to have occurred before the decisive vote, is reminiscent of a similar episode just prior to the election of Pope Pius X in 1903, widely reported about the holy Pontiff. Like his saintly predecessor, Siri was certain he would emerge from the conclave to be acknowledged by the world as Pope. But unlike Saint Pius X, Siri was caught in a sinister trap, for the fourth time.", "precise_score": -6.42979097366333, "rough_score": -6.564694404602051, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Caption from a photo published in 1958 prior to the Conclave of Pope Pius XII: \"Pigeon perches on Cardinal's Cap - Genoa, Italy - Giuseppe Cardinal Siri, Archbishop of Genoa, remained unperturbed when a pigeon perched on his cap as he celebrated Mass in the arena of the Orfei Circus here. The pigeon was one of a flock released in tribute to the Cardinal. The Mass, said on an altar set up in the center ring of the Big Top, was attended by circus entertainers and a crowd of Genoese.\"", "precise_score": -5.406955242156982, "rough_score": -3.8284058570861816, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Picture of Pope Pius XII shortly before his death (Rome, 1958 A.D.)", "precise_score": -4.921143531799316, "rough_score": -3.3700037002563477, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "The Chattanooga Times for 26 October 1958 lists the rules and regulations applying to the Conclave according to the constitution of Pope Pius XII.", "precise_score": -6.472936153411865, "rough_score": -4.890341281890869, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "One of his first acts was to make Giovanni Baptiste Montini (the future Paul VI) a cardinal, something Pope Pius XII refused to do after it was found Montini had been secretly communicating with Stalin during World War II. Making Montini a Cardinal positioned him to become \"Pope\" Paul VI, which was apparently the game-plan all along, as suggested by LIFE magazine's promotion of Montini for Pope in 1956 when he was still only a bishop.", "precise_score": -9.007927894592285, "rough_score": -8.40345573425293, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "George Herman Ruth Jr. was born in 1895 at 216 Emory Street in Pigtown, a working-class section of Baltimore, Maryland, named for its meat-packing plants. Its population included recent immigrants from Ireland, Germany and Italy, and African Americans. Ruth's parents, George Herman Ruth, Sr. (1871–1918), and Katherine Schamberger, were both of German American ancestry. According to the 1880 census, his parents were born in Maryland. The paternal grandparents of Ruth, Sr. were from Prussia and Hanover, respectively. Ruth, Sr. had a series of jobs, including lightning rod salesman and streetcar operator, before becoming a counterman in a family-owned combination grocery and saloon on Frederick Street. George Ruth Jr. was born in the house of his maternal grandfather, Pius Schamberger, a German immigrant and trade unionist. Only one of young George's seven siblings, his younger sister Mamie, survived infancy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.73241138458252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Babe Ruth" }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "7. Pius IX: \"There will be a great prodigy which will fill the world with awe. But this prodigy will be preceded by the triumph of a revolution during which the Church will go through ordeals that are beyond description.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324822425842285, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "21. St. Pius X: \"I saw one of my successors taking to flight over the bodies of his brethren. He will take refuge in disguise somewhere; and after a short retirement he will die a cruel death.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.731077194213867, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "22. Pius XII: \"We believe that the present hour is a dread phase of the events foretold by Christ. It seems that darkness is about to fall on the world. Humanity is in the grip of a supreme crisis.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281717300415039, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Cardinal Siri pictured receiving the red biretta from Pope Pius XII", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.371109962463379, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "He was Pius XII's chosen successor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611440658569336, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Upon his advice Pope Pius XII halted the worker-priest movement, used all of his influence in realizing the famous \"Monitum\" of the Holy Office against Teilhard de Chardin, and forced John XXIII to promulgate it. Radically opposed to Evolutionism. Because of his spectacular intervention Paul VI renounced at the last minute his intention to integrate \"Synodal Fathers\" into the Sacred College, as electors of the Conclave. Forbade his seminarians from visiting Taize. 1988 - \"Aids is a chastisement from God.\" For Siri the major Evil has been the abolition of Hope, the transmutation of the Saving Mission of the Church into material Messianism, the primary sign of which is the \"conspiracy of silence on the Last Times.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.359817504882812, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"I am the most relentless enemy of communism because it destroys man, destroys the economy, destroys everything. ... I remember going to Pius XII once, and I saw on his desk, otherwise perfectly empty, two books: one was on collegiality. He asked me what I thought about it: 'Holiness, throw it out. I read it and there is nothing good in it.' ... And there are those who define Rahner as 'the number one theologian.' But I smell errors from far away; it is a matter of sniffing.\" -Quotes from \"Cardinal Siri\" (30 Days Magazine January 17, 1985 A.D.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.845091819763184, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "There is mounting evidence, some of which can be gleaned from the book, \"The Unelected Pope,\" that Siri was being prepared by what he thought was training for the papacy (when he was first contacted in Genoa, in the mid-1950s, by Soviet diplomats to be an intermediary between them and Pius XII), but which was in reality a process of intimidation and entrapment in order to set him up to be elected Pope at a future conclave, only to be forced to relinquish the public exercise of his office, by the threat of a monstrous, bloody persecution of the faithful in Eastern Europe, and by the threat of schism by the French hierarchy who, from the start of the conclave, promoted his candidature to the other cardinals in order to carry out their devilish plan. They also threatened the setting off of a hydrogen bomb to destroy the Vatican and its officials. Under the cover of conclave secrecy the blackmail was delivered to the \"barely elected\" and stunned, new Pope by France's Cardinal Tisserant, who was an agent of the B'nai B'rith, the Talmudic master-lodge of the Masonic and Marxist world powers. Before the end of his life, Siri began to acknowledge and lament openly, as these cryptic passages suggest, his inability to fulfill the duties of his office as Pope, during the ordeal of his 30 year long exile.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.111945152282715, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Siri was the youngest cardinal in the Church when appointed by Pius XII at the age of 47 in 1953.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.645569801330566, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"When Pope Pius XII fell out with Giovanni Battista Montini... it was presumed Cardinal Siri would become Pope Pius's successor. Pope Pius made him a bishop at 38 and a cardinal at only 47...\"4 In fact, Pope Pius XII is said to have named Siri as his desired successor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.487390518188477, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "In Italy, so strongly felt was the inevitability of Siri's election in 1958 that the prophesy of Saint Malachy, describing Pius' successor as \"Shepherd and Sailor\" (Pastor et Nauta), was commonly attributed to the illustrious Archbishop of Genoa. The maritime city had been his life- long home, where he was born the son of a dockworker. It was the most important seaport in the country, and birthplace of Christopher Columbus. A Genoan newspaper would write:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.762166976928711, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"...Moreover Pius XII's protege Archbishop Siri of Genoa, seemed to be endowed with all the gifts calculated to ensure his becoming a second Pacelli, whereas the opposition's own candidate, Montini, was not to be reckoned on as a starter since he was excluded from the Conclave, not having yet been raised to the purple. True, the Pope does not necessarily have to be chosen from among the members of the Sacred College, but the minority certainly could not add to their troubles by advancing his cause. It was also obvious that the 'Pentagon' [Pacellians] were not going to rest passively on their laurels: like Spellman they had all come rushing to Rome, and the first congregation had secured the election of the Chamberlain and of two of their leaders, Canali and Pizzardo, in the interim government of the Vatican City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.865761756896973, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Cardinal Giuseppe Siri was the \"Hand Picked\" Successor by Pope Pius XII", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.259254455566406, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Compared with their activity the calm demeanor of the anti-Pacelli group seemed almost an admission of defeat. How else, for instance, could one account for the French Cardinals' delay in not reaching Rome until a week after Pius XII's death? And could they and their colleagues really expect to reverse the situation largely on the basis of pressure of public opinion, even though there could be no doubt about the rising hostility in both ecclesiastical and lay quarters to the recent pontificate, and the desire for a change?\"5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308907508850098, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "A mix-up in smoke signals made it appear for about half an hour that Pius XII's successor had been chosen. For a time 200,000 Romans and tourists in huge Saint Peter's Square were certain the church had a new pontiff. Millions of others who listened to radios throughout Italy and Europe also were certain. They were certain. They heard the Vatican speaker shout exultantly: 'A pope is elected..\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.851370811462402, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"As soon as they were alone, the cardinals one by one took an oath in accordance with the constitution of Pius XII. The oath concerns four main points. The cardinals swore:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08700942993164, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "1. That they would observe the constitution of Pius XII faithfully and put all its provisions into effect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.081193923950195, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Was known in his seminary days as a notorious homosexual, who wormed his way to high office in the Vatican. In 1954 Pope Pius XII banished him from Rome without the red hat after learning that Montini had betrayed into the hands of Stalin the secret identities of the clandestine Bishops in Russia, causing their arrest and execution. He was greeted on the balcony after his \"election\" with cries of \"il Papa Montinovsky.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.236921310424805, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"[He] knows very well what this 'Breastplate of Judgment,' the Ephod signifies; he knows its origins in the ritualistic dress of the Ancient Covenant [i.e. the Old Testament]; he [Montini] is not ignorant of the fact that Masons today use it as a distinctive mark of their high priest... In their Messianic materialism, the directors of Judaism dream of an implementation of world government wherein they are the masters and we are the slaves. They recognize that the insurmountable wall that lies in the path of this program of conquest is the religious wall...in particular, the wall of the Catholic Church. By experience, they know that slander, prisons, even death, does not crush the faith... it only enlivens it. They know very well that in order to destroy the Church of Jesus Christ they have only one road left... INFILTRATION. Thus, the case of Anacletus II is repeating itself; the infiltrators, denounced by Pius X, have invaded the hierarchy and have even captured the Chair of Peter.\" -Fr. Joaquin Saenz Y Arriaga, S.J. PHD., The New Montinian Church, 1971 A.D.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268610954284668, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Of the 111 \"cardinals\" who were voting, 100 were appointed by Montini and 8 by Roncalli. If John XXIII and Paul VI were antipopes, then it would follow that those they had elevated to the Sacred College were, in fact, non-cardinals and as such, would be invalid participants in the papal election. (Study Anti-Pope Anacletus II and Innocent II) Also, Paul VI barred cardinals over 80 from voting - ostracizing 16 senior cardinals from the conclave, several of whom were true cardinals appointed by Pope Pius XII. Thus, among the 111 participating \"electors\" there were only three unquestionably valid cardinals appointed by Pius XII - cardinals Wyszinski, Leger, and Siri.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.071466445922852, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"Christian tradition has never upheld the right of private property as absolute and untouchable. On the contrary, it has always understood the right as common to all to use the goods of the whole creation.\" This stands in direction contravention to papal teachings from Leo XIII to Pius XII.: \"The Socialist endeavor to destroy private property, and maintain that the individual possessions should become the common property of all, to be administered by the State or by municipal bodies... It is unjust, because it would rob the legal possessor, bring the State in to a sphere that is not its own, and cause complete confusion to the community.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143080711364746, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Pope Saint Pius V's Infallible Teaching on the Immemorial Mass", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.424141883850098, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Contrary to what the Modernists holed up in Rome would like to have the Faithful believe; The Roman Latin Rite (\"Tridentine\") Mass was never (and can never be) abrogated as His Holiness Pope St. Pius V infallibly decreed on July 14, 1570 in perpetuity (for all time) in His famous Encyclical Quo Primum", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.538899421691895, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "\"...Those who remain attached to incidental aspects of the Church which were more valid in the past but have now been superseded, cannot be considered the faithful.\"30 Pope Saint Pius V in his Bull, Quo Primum stated: \"...we declare herewith that it is by virtue of our Apostolic authority that we decree and prescribe that this present order and decree of ours is to last in perpetuity, and never at a future date can it be revoked or amended legally... And if, nevertheless, anyone would dare attempt any action contrary to this order of ours, handed down for all times, let him know that he has incurred the wrath of Almighty God, and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul.\" -ex cathedra", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44890022277832, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "In the 1887 edition of the On the cover of the Winter 1991 Index Expurgatorius by issue of the American Jewish Pope Leo XIII \"The Talmud Committee Journal, John Paul II is and other Jewish books\" are shown smilingly accepting a copy of proscribed as follows: the Steinsaltz edition of the Talmud while making what appears to be \"Although in the Index the Jewish sign made famous by issued by Pope Pius IV, \"Mr. Spock\" with his left hand;. the Jewish Talmud with which Leonard Nimoy has stated is a all its glossaries, secret Jewish sign made over those annotations, interpretations being Bar-Mitzvahed. and expositions were prohibited; but if published without the name Talmud and without its vile calumnies against the Christian religion they could be tolerated; however Our Holy Lord Pope, Clement VIII in his Constitution against impious writings and Jewish books, published in Rome in the year of Our Lord 1592 _proscribed and condemned them: it was not his intention thereby to permit or tolerate them even under the above conditions; for he expressly and specifically stated and willed, that the impious Talmudic, Cabalistic and other nefarious books of the Jews be entirely condemned and that they must remain always condemned and prohibited, and that his Constitution about these books must be perpetually and inviolably observed.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.785035133361816, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Pope St. Pius X's Prophetic Vision", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.276138305664062, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "14. Pope Saint Pius X declared: \"Our enemies have on this been under no misapprehensions. From the outset, and with the greatest clearness of vision, they determined on their objective; first to separate you from Us and the Chair of Peter, and then to sow disorder among you.\"47", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.804933547973633, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "15. Pope Saint Pius X predicted: \"I saw one of my successors taking to flight over the bodies of his brethren [predecessor Popes buried in Rome?]. He will take refuge in disguise somewhere; and after a short retirement he will die a cruel death. The present wickedness of the world is only the beginning of sorrows which must take place before the end of the world.\"48", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.351728439331055, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "The \"caretaker\" Roncalli paved the way for the destroyer Montini who had been banished in disgrace to Milan without the red hat by Pope Pius XII in 1954. The reason for his ouster was reported in Il Borghese and SI SI NO NO. An ally of Stalin and Togliatti, Montini was discovered to have passed information to the Soviets concerning the names of bishops who were secretly sent into Eastern Europe and Russia to minister to the \"Church of Silence\", causing them to be arrested and executed. The betrayer Montini would later attempt to \"officially\" \"ratify\" and \"impose\" the heretical Second Vatican Council documents upon the faithful, as would only have been possible by an antipope.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.467568397521973, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." }, { "answer": "Pius", "passage": "Most Catholics today, simply cannot comprehend why or how such a crime could have been so successfully carried out almost undetected by the outside world, with the active participation of high princes of the Church, over the span of a generation, as alleged by the \"Siri thesis\". Surely such a long, drawn-out conspiracy would be beyond the ability of even the most evil of men. But 130 years ago, Pope Pius IX explained that: \"If one takes into consideration the immense development which [the]... secret societies have attained; the length of time they are persevering in their vigor; their furious aggressiveness; the tenacity with which their members cling to the association and to the false principles it professes; the persevering mutual cooperation of so many different types of men in the promotion of evil; one can hardly deny that the SUPREME ARCHITECT of these associations (seeing that the cause must be proportional to the effect) can be none other than he who in the sacred writings is style the PRINCE OF THE WORLD; and that Satan himself even by his physical cooperation, directs and inspires at least the leaders of these bodies physically cooperating with them.\" (\"Acta Sancta Sedis\", v. 1, p. 293, 13 July 1865.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.769133567810059, "source": "search", "title": "~The Siri Thesis - The Pope in Red - \"Cardinal Siri ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Everly (disambiguation)", "Everly" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "everly", "everly disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "everly", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Everly" }

[ { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "The label's fortunes had finally turned around by 1962 thanks to the Everly Brothers, Newhart, folk stars Peter, Paul & Mary, jazz and pop crossover hit Joanie Sommers and comedian Allan Sherman, and Warner Bros. Records ended the financial year 1961-62 in the black for the first time since its foundation. ", "precise_score": 4.248290061950684, "rough_score": 6.474442481994629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Warner Bros. Records" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "Bill Doggett, the Everly Brothers, Tab Hunter, and Bill Haley all shared one interesting characteristic: they had been successful on other record labels before they appeared on Warner Brothers. In fact, for their first ten years of existence, it was quite common for an artist to have had a decent career with another label, then have a chart hit or so for Warner Brothers before fading into obscurity. The list is long: Beau Brummels (ex-Autumn Records), Vic Damone (Columbia), James Darren (Colpix), Dick and Dee Dee (Liberty), Dion (Laurie, Columbia), Bill Doggett (King), Everly Brothers (Cadence), Tab Hunter (Dot), Van Morrison (Bang), and the Tokens (RCA). Even Petula Clark, who had her major hits with Warner Brothers, had been on Laurie earlier. With a few exceptions like Peter, Paul & Mary, it wasn't until the late 1960s that Warner Brothers seemed to more frequently sign their own talent from the start.", "precise_score": 7.242762565612793, "rough_score": 8.328067779541016, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "Warner Brothers Records was originally founded in the mid-1920's by the Warner Brothers film company as part of their development of sound in movies. Poor sales in the early 1930's forced the studio to sell off subsidiary labels and close down the record company. The Warner Brothers label was re-established in the late 1950's again partly as an outlet for sound recordings related to their movie and TV products. The first big success was with a 77 Sunset Strip related song. Other releases in the early years of the restarted company included albums by the Everly Brothers, Peter, Paul and Mary and Bob Newhart. In the early sixties Frank Sinatra signed to the company in a deal that included movies and recordings, this deal also linked Sinatra's Reprise label with Warner Brothers. In the mid sixties the company started acquiring smaller labels, including Autumn Records . The label signed the Grateful Dead in 1966.", "precise_score": 6.802181720733643, "rough_score": 6.777949333190918, "source": "search", "title": "Grateful Dead Family Discography: Warner Brothers Records" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "Warner Bros. now turned to rock'n'roll acts in hopes of advancing its sales but their first signing, Bill Haley, was by then past his prime and failed to score any hits. The label was more fortunate with its next signing, The Everly Brothers, whom Warner Bros. secured after the end of their previous contract with Cadence Records. Herman Starr effectively gambled the future of the company by approving what was reputed to be the first million-dollar contract in music history, which guaranteed the Everly Brothers $525,000 against an escalating royalty rate of up to 7 percent, well above the industry standard of the day. Luckily, the Everlys' first Warner Bros. single, \"Cathy's Clown\" was a smash hit, going to #1 in the U.S. and selling more than eight million copies, and their debut Warner Bros. album It's Everly Time reached #9 on the album chart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.116757869720459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Warner Bros. Records" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "Using the deep pockets of the Warner Brothers Studios, James Conklin started trolling for some bigger-name performers. In 1960, he signed the Everly Brothers away from Archie Bleyer's Cadence label when their contract with cadence expired. The Everly Brothers (Don and Phil) were major rock and roll stars at the time, and in a gigantic publicity move, they were signed to the first million dollar contract in recording history. This contract, which ran ten years (!), seems paltry by today's standards, but at the time it made headlines. The Everly Brothers started off at Warners with their biggest seller ever, \"Cathy's Clown,\" in April of 1960. They continued to have chart hits for Warner Brothers into 1967, but they never again equaled the success of \"Cathy's Clown\" [WB 5151, #1]. As was typical of the Everly Brothers, both sides of the 45 made the charts, with \"Always It's You\" reaching #56. They followed this success in 1960 with \"So Sad\" (#7)/\"Lucille\" (#21) [WB 5163].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.633697986602783, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "In addition to the Everly Brothers' success, Warner Brothers placed several other records on the charts in 1960. Connie Stevens made her \"solo\" chart debut with \"16 Reasons\" [WB 5137], which hit #3, followed by a commentary on the \"tragedy songs\" of the day which registered a surprising hit by country artist Don Luman called \"Let's Think About Livin'\" [WB 5172, #7]. Two more minor hits, Connie Stevens' followup, \"Too Young to Go Steady\" [WB 5159, #71], and \"Beautiful Obsession\" by Sir Chauncey [WB 5150, #89], completed the singles chart story for 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.879207134246826, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "In 1961, the modicum of success that Warner Brothers had the previous year all but dried up. Although Don and Phil's successes continued, they were the only consistent chartmakers, and their chart success was slipping. The Everlys charted with \"Walk Right Back\" (#7)/\"Ebony Eyes\" (#8) [WB 5199], \"Temptation\" (#27)/\"Stick With Me Baby\" (#41) [WB 5220], and \"Don't Blame Me\" (#20)/\"Muskrat\" (#82) [WB 5501], the latter an EP, with shortened versions of two \"oldies\" (\"Walk Right Back\" and \"Lucille\") also included as an experiment to boost sales. The only other artist on the singles chart in 1961 was Bill Doggett, who reached #66 with \"(Let's Do) The Hully Gully Twist\" [WB 5181].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3026326298713684, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "Although their last few singles had been slipping in the charts, the Everly Brothers came back strong in 1962 with \"Crying in the Rain\" (#6) [WB 5250] and \"That's Old Fashioned\" (#9)/\"How Can I Meet Her\" (#75) [WB 5273]. By this time, the Everly Brothers were quietly consulting with Archie Bleyer, their old boss from Cadence days, about their material, and it was Bleyer that pulled out the old, unreleased Chordettes song \"That's Old Fashioned\" and suggested it to the Brothers. The link with Archie Bleyer remained intact even though they had jumped ship in 1960; in fact, Phil Everly married Bleyer's stepdaughter Jackie Ertel in 1963.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.29321002960205, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "\"That's Old Fashioned\" proved to be the Everly Brothers' last Top-10 hit. The followup single, \"Don't Ask Me to Be Friends\" [WB 5297] only made #48, and from there they hit a long spell off the charts altogether. They managed two more top-40 entries, \"Gone Gone Gone\" [WB 5478, #31 in 1964] and \"Bowling Green\" [WB 7020, #40 in 1967], but the last seven years of the Everly Brothers' 10-year pact was short on hits. Despite the limited later chart success during this time, the Everly Brothers produced a series of outstanding albums in the late 1960s for Warner Brothers. Arguably their finest album was the great Roots [WS 1752], which featured traditional folk and country songs interspersed with segments taken from the Everly Family radio show when the brothers were children. In the early 1970s, the brothers had a well-publicized breakup and didn't reconcile until the 1980s, when they had a reunion concert and signed with Mercury Records. Their last chart single to date was the 1984 top-50 single \"On the Wings of a Nightingale\" [Mercury 880213], penned by Paul McCartney and produced by Dave Edmunds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9984357357025146, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "But in December, 1964, things took a turn for the better. Warner Brothers signed British songstress Petula Clark as their own corner on the British Invasion. Her first hit was \"Downtown\" [WB 5494], which went straight to #1 in early 1965. For the next several years, \"Pet\" Clark would be the label's most consistent hitmaker, rarely out of the top 20 and most of the time in the top 10. Clark didn't cool off chartwise until 1968. Aside from Petula Clark, 1965 brought more of the same doldrums that had beset 1964. The Marketts/Routers, Everly Brothers, Peter Paul & Mary, Connie Stevens, and the others in the Warner stable were having great difficulty scoring hits in the face of the new musical trends. Pop crooners were on the way out, and high energy rock and roll was in. So who was the newest artist signing for Warner Brothers in 1965? Las Vegas veteran Vic Damone, who scraped into the top-30 with \"You Were Only Fooling\" [WB 5616, #30], after which he was never heard from again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.188469648361206, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" }, { "answer": "Everly", "passage": "Some changes had to be made, and in 1967, they were. Warner Brothers Records was sold to Seven Arts, Ltd. for $85 million. The new label, called Warner-Seven Arts, then purchased Atlantic Records . In the late '60s, Warner-Seven Arts, under the direction of Mo Austin and Joe Smith, became a much stronger label with Van Morrison, Harper's Bizarre, James Darren, the Tokens, Charles Wright and the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band, J.J. Jackson, the Neon Philharmonic, Mason Williams, and the Association all producing hits, in addition to roster holdovers Petula Clark, the Everly Brothers, and Peter, Paul & Mary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.09228515625, "source": "search", "title": "Warner Brothers Records Story - bsnpubs.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "elizabeth taylor last star" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "elizabeth taylor last star", "type": "FreeForm", "value": "Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star" }

[ { "answer": "Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star", "passage": "Kitty Kelley is a journalist who has written for \"The Washington Post, The New York Times, Newsweek, Good Housekeeping \"and more. She is the bestselling author of \"Jackie Oh!; Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star; Nancy Reagan: The Unauthorized Biography; The Royals; \"and \"The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty \"and has an upcoming biography of Oprah Winfrey (Crown, 2010). \"From the Trade Paperback edition.\" show more", "precise_score": 6.097015380859375, "rough_score": 6.376585483551025, "source": "search", "title": "His Way : Kitty Kelley : 9780553265156 - The Book Depository" }, { "answer": "Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star", "passage": "This book was followed by Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star (1981).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.484447717666626, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kitty Kelley" }, { "answer": "Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star", "passage": "* Elizabeth Taylor: The Last Star (1981)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.883425712585449, "source": "wiki", "title": "Kitty Kelley" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Jordan (country)", "Al-Urdunn", "أردنّ", "JOrdan", "Urdun", "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan", "Urdunn", "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", "Administrative divisions of Jordan", "HKJ", "State of Jordan", "Jordan", "Jordanian Kingdom", "Languages of Jordan", "Hashemite Kingdom of the Jordan", "Jordanie", "Al-Mamlakah al", "Al-'Urdun", "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", "ISO 3166-1:JO", "الأردن", "Kingdom of the Jordan", "Ottoman Jordon", "Al-Urdun", "H.K of Jordan", "Etymology of Jordan", "المملكة الأردنّيّة الهاشميّة", "Kingdom of Jordan" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "urdunn", "kingdom of jordan", "al mamlakah al", "languages of jordan", "h k of jordan", "jordanian kingdom", "administrative divisions of jordan", "jordanie", "state of jordan", "الأردن", "hashemite kingdom of transjordan", "أردنّ", "المملكة الأردنّيّة الهاشميّة", "jordan country", "urdun", "ottoman jordon", "iso 3166 1 jo", "al urdun", "jordan", "al urdunn", "etymology of jordan", "hkj", "hashemite kingdom of jordan" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "hkj", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "HKJ" }

[ { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan (; '), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ( '), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic and cultural centre. ", "precise_score": -5.890068531036377, "rough_score": -7.34863805770874, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is classified as a country of \"high human development\" with an \"upper middle income\" economy. The Jordanian economy is attractive to foreign investors based upon a skilled workforce. The country is a major tourist destination, and also attracts medical tourism due to its well developed health sector. A lack of natural resources, large flow of refugees and regional turmoil have crippled economic growth.", "precise_score": -8.845827102661133, "rough_score": -8.063982963562012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "In the west a highland area of arable land and Mediterranean evergreen forestry drops suddenly into the Jordan Rift Valley. The rift valley contains the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, which separates Jordan from Israel and the Palestinian Territories. Jordan has a 26 km shoreline on the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea, but is otherwise landlocked. The Yarmouk River, an eastern tributary of the Jordan, forms part of the boundary between Jordan and Syria (including the occupied Golan Heights) to the north. The other boundaries are formed by several international and local agreements and do not follow well-defined natural features. The highest point is Jabal Umm al Dami, at 1854 m above sea level, while the lowest is the Dead Sea , the lowest land point on earth.", "precise_score": -9.71480941772461, "rough_score": -7.8314385414123535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the King holds wide executive and legislative powers. He serves as Head of State and Commander-in-Chief and appoints the prime minister and heads of security directorates. The prime minister is free to choose his own cabinet and regional governors. However, the king may dissolve parliament and dismiss the government. The capital city of Jordan is Amman, located in north-central Jordan. ", "precise_score": -10.421707153320312, "rough_score": -6.250272750854492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is divided into 12 governorates (muhafazah) (informally grouped into three regions: northern, central, southern). These are subdivided into a total of 52 nawahi, which are further divided into neighborhoods in urban areas or into towns in rural ones. The Parliament of Jordan consists of two chambers: the lower Chamber of Deputies ( ) and the upper Senate ( ). All 75 members of the Senate are directly appointed by the King, they are usually veteran politicians or are known to have held previous positions in the Chamber of Deputies or in the government. The 130 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected through proportional representation in 23 constituencies on nationwide party lists for a 4-year election cycle. Minimum quotas exist in the Chamber of Deputies for women (15 seats, though they won 19 seats in the 2013 election), Christians (9 seats), Circassians (3 seats) and Chechens (1 seat). Three constituencies are allocated for the Bedouins of the northern, central and southern Badias. ", "precise_score": -9.786190032958984, "rough_score": -4.917612552642822, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is a founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the Arab League. It enjoys \"advanced status\" with the European Union and is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which aims to increase links between the EU and its neighbours. Jordan and Morocco tried to join the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in 2011, but the Gulf countries offered a five-year development aid programme instead. ", "precise_score": -7.253076553344727, "rough_score": -5.959735870361328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The first organized army in Jordan was established on 22 October 1920, and was named the \"Arab Legion\". Jordan's capture of the West Bank during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War proved that the Arab Legion, known today as the Jordan Armed Forces, was the most effective among the Arab troops involved in the war. The Royal Jordanian Army, which boasts around 110,000 personnel, is considered to be among the most professional in the region, due to being particularly well-trained and organized. The Jordanian military enjoys strong support and aid from the United States, the United Kingdom and France. This is due to Jordan's critical position in the Middle East. The development of Special Operations Forces has been particularly significant, enhancing the capability of the military to react rapidly to threats to homeland security, as well as training special forces from the region and beyond. Jordan provides extensive training to the security forces of several Arab countries. ", "precise_score": -10.062020301818848, "rough_score": -7.6282806396484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "There are about 50,000 Jordanian troops working with the United Nations in peacekeeping missions across the world. Jordan ranks third internationally in participation in U.N. peacekeeping missions, with one of the highest levels of peacekeeping troop contributions of all U.N. member states. Jordan has dispatched several field hospitals to conflict zones and areas affected by natural disasters across the region. ", "precise_score": -9.525629043579102, "rough_score": -5.672886371612549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "In 2014, Jordan joined an aerial bombardment campaign by an international coalition lead by the United States against the Islamic State as part of its intervention in the Syrian Civil War. In 2015, Jordan participated in the Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 uprising. ", "precise_score": -9.618072509765625, "rough_score": -7.452530384063721, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan's law enforcement is under the purview of the Public Security Directorate (which includes approximately 40,000 persons). The Jordanian national police is subordinate to the Public Security Directorate of the Ministry of Interior. The first police force in the Jordanian state was organized after the fall of the Ottoman Empire on 11 April 1921. Until 1956 police duties were carried out by the Arab Legion and the Transjordan Frontier Force. After that year the Public Safety Directorate was established. The number of female police officers is increasing. In the 1970s, it was the first Arab country to include females in its police force. Jordan's law enforcement was ranked 37th in the world and 3rd in the Middle East, in terms of police services' performance, by the 2016 World Internal Security and Police Index. ", "precise_score": -9.55151653289795, "rough_score": -5.931236267089844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan's economy is relatively well diversified. Trade and finance combined account for nearly one-third of GDP; transportation and communication, public utilities, and construction account for one-fifth, and mining and manufacturing constitute nearly another fifth. Despite plans to expand the private sector, the state remains the dominant force in Jordan's economy. Net official development assistance to Jordan in 2009 totalled USD 761 million; according to the government, approximately two-thirds of this was allocated as grants, of which half was direct budget support.", "precise_score": -10.15283203125, "rough_score": -6.478376388549805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The official currency is the Jordanian dinar, which is pegged to the IMF's special drawing rights (SDRs), equivalent to an exchange rate of 0.709 dinar, or approximately 1.41044 dollars. In 2000, Jordan joined the World Trade Organization and signed the Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement, thus becoming the first Arab country to establish a free trade agreement with the United States. Jordan also has free trade agreements with Turkey and Canada. Jordan enjoys advanced status with the EU, which has facilitated greater access to export to European markets. Due to slow domestic growth, high energy and food subsidies and a bloated public-sector workforce, Jordan usually runs annual budget deficits. These are partially offset by international aid.", "precise_score": -6.826761245727539, "rough_score": -5.243811130523682, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan's well developed industrial sector, which includes mining, manufacturing, construction, and power, accounted for approximately 26% of the GDP in 2004 (including manufacturing, 16.2%; construction, 4.6%; and mining, 3.1%). More than 21% of Jordan's labor force was employed in industry in 2002. In 2014, industry accounted for 6% of the GDP. The main industrial products are potash, phosphates, cement, clothes, and fertilizers. The most promising segment of this sector is construction. Petra Engineering Industries Company which is considered to be one of the main pillars of Jordanian industry, has gained international recognition with its air-conditioning units reaching NASA. Jordan is now considered to be a leading pharmaceuticals manufacturer in the MENA region led by Jordanian pharmaceutical company Hikma. The Group is the only Arab company listed on the London Stock Exchange. ", "precise_score": -8.141830444335938, "rough_score": -7.385493278503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan's military industry thrived after the King Abdullah Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) defence company was established by King Abdullah II in 1999, to provide an indigenous capability for the supply of scientific and technical services to the Jordanian Armed Forces, and to become a global hub in security research and development. It manufactures all types of military products, many of which are presented at the bi-annually held international military exhibition SOFEX. In 2015, KADDB exported $72 million worth of industries to over 42 countries. ", "precise_score": -8.880500793457031, "rough_score": -7.099564075469971, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan has three commercial airports, all receiving and dispatching international flights. Two are in Amman and the third is in Aqaba, King Hussein International Airport. Amman Civil Airport serves several regional routes and charter flights while Queen Alia International Airport is the major international airport in Jordan and is the hub for Royal Jordanian, the flag carrier. Queen Alia International Airport expansion was completed in 2013 with new terminals costing $700 million, to handle over 16 million passengers annually. It is now considered a state-of-the-art airport and was awarded 'the best airport by region: Middle East' for 2014 and 2015 by Airport Service Quality (ASQ) survey, the world's leading airport passenger satisfaction benchmark program. ", "precise_score": -8.675797462463379, "rough_score": -2.6568872928619385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Port of Aqaba is the only port in Jordan. In 2006, the port was ranked as being the \"Best Container Terminal\" in the Middle East by Lloyd's List. The port was chosen due to it being a transit cargo port for other neighboring countries, its location between four countries and three continents, being an exclusive gateway for the local market and for the improvements it has recently witnessed. ", "precise_score": -10.234434127807617, "rough_score": -7.016534805297852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Music in Jordan is now developing with a lot of new bands and artists, who are now popular in the Middle East. Artists such as Omar Al-Abdallat, Toni Qattan and Hani Metwasi have increased the popularity of Jordanian music. The Jerash Festival is an annual music event that features popular Arab singers. Pianist and composer Zade Dirani has gained wide international popularity. There is also an increasing growth of alternative Arabic music bands, who are dominating the scene in the Arab World, including; El Morabba3, Autostrad, JadaL, Akher Zapheer and Ayloul. ", "precise_score": -10.2605619430542, "rough_score": -7.684159755706787, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan prides itself on its health services, some of the best in the region. Qualified medics, favorable investment climate and Jordan's stability has contributed to the success of this sector. The country's health care system is divided between public and private institutions. On 1 June 2007, Jordan Hospital (as the biggest private hospital) was the first general specialty hospital to gain the international accreditation JCAHO. The King Hussein Cancer Center is a leading cancer treatment center. 66% of Jordanians have medical insurance.", "precise_score": -9.455314636230469, "rough_score": -6.612350940704346, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "What is now Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabataean Kingdom, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France. The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 by the then Emir Abdullah I and became a British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan became an independent state officially known as The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. Jordan captured the West Bank during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the name of the state was changed to The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1949. Jordan is a founding member of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and is one of two Arab states to have signed a peace treaty with Israel. The country is a constitutional monarchy, where the king holds wide executive and legislative powers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.527763366699219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is a relatively small semi-arid almost landlocked country with a population numbering at 9.5 million. Sunni Islam, practiced by around 92% of the population, is the dominant religion in Jordan. It coexists with an indigenous Christian minority. Jordan is considered to be among the safest of Arab countries in the Middle East, and has historically managed to keep itself away from terrorism and instability. In the midst of surrounding turmoil, it has been greatly hospitable, accepting refugees from almost all surrounding conflicts as early as 1948, with most notably the estimated 2 million Palestinians and the 1.4 million Syrian refugees residing in the country. The kingdom is also a refuge to thousands of Iraqi Christians fleeing the Islamic State. While Jordan continues to accept refugees, the recent large influx from Syria placed substantial strain on national resources and infrastructure. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.104995727539062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is named after the Jordan River. The origin of the river's name is debated, but the most common explanation is that it derives from the word \"yarad\" (the descender, \"Yarden\" is the Hebrew name for the river), found in Hebrew, Aramaic, and other Semitic languages. Others regard that the name as having an Indo-Aryan origin, combining the words \"yor\" (year) and \"don\" (river), reflecting the river's perennial nature. Another theory is that it is from the Arabic root word \"wrd\" (to come to), as in people coming to a major source of water. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.858319282531738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "Al-Urdunn", "passage": "The name Jordan appears in an ancient Egyptian papyrus called Papyrus Anastasi I, dating back to around 1000 BC. The lands of modern-day Jordan were historically called \"Transjordan\", meaning \"beyond the Jordan River\". During crusader rule, it was called \"Oultrejordain\". The name was Arabized into \"Al-Urdunn\" during the Muslim conquest of the Levant. In 1921, the Emirate of Transjordan was established and after it gained its independence in 1946, it became \"The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan\". The name was changed in 1949 into \"The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan\". \"Hashemite\" is the house name of the royal family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.472585678100586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is rich in Paleolithic remains, holding evidence of inhabitance by Homo erectus, Neanderthal and modern humans. The oldest evidence of inhabitants by humans dates back around 200,000 years. The Kharanah area in eastern Jordan has evidence of human huts from about 20,000 years ago. Other Paleolithic sites include Pella and Al-Azraq. In the Neolithic period, several settlements began to develop, most notably an agricultural community called 'Ain Ghazal in what is now Amman, one of the largest known prehistoric settlements in the Near East. Plaster statues estimated to date back to around 7250 BC were uncovered there, and are among the oldest large human statues ever found. Villages of Bab edh-Dhra in the Dead Sea area, Tal Hujayrat Al-Ghuzlan in Aqaba and Tulaylet Ghassul in the Jordan Valley all date to the Chalcolithic period. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.926799774169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The prehistoric period of Jordan ended at around 2000 BC when the Semitic nomads known as the Amorites entered the region. During the Bronze Age and Iron Age, present-day Jordan was home to several ancient kingdoms, whose populations spoke Semitic languages of the Canaanite group. Among them were Ammon, Edom and Moab, which are described as tribal kingdoms rather than states. They are mentioned in ancient texts such as the Old Testament. Archaeology finds have shown that Ammon was in the area of the modern city of Amman, Moab controlled the highlands east of the Dead Sea and Edom controlled the area around Wadi Araba. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.630769729614258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "These Transjordanian kingdoms were in continuous conflict with the neighboring Hebrew kingdoms of Israel and Judah, centered west of the Jordan River, though Israel was known to have at times controlled small parts east of the River. Frequent confrontations ensued and tensions between them increased. One record of this is the Mesha Stele erected by the Moabite king Mesha around 840 BC on which he lauds himself for the building projects that he initiated in Moab and commemorates his glory and victory against the Israelites. The stele constitutes one of the most important direct accounts of Biblical history. Subsequently the Assyrian Empire reduced these kingdoms to vassals. When the region was later under the influence of the Babylonians, the Old Testament mentions that these kingdoms aided them in the 597 BC sack of Jerusalem. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.297371864318848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Alexander the Great's conquest of the Achaemenid Empire in 332 BC introduced Hellenistic culture to the Middle East. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, his empire split among his generals and in the end, much of the land of modern-day Jordan was disputed between the Ptolemies based in Egypt and the Seleucids based in Syria. In the south and east, the Nabataeans had an independent kingdom. Campaigns by different Greek generals aspiring to annex the Nabataean Kingdom were unsuccessful.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.947413444519043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Greeks founded new cities in Jordan including Philadelphia (Amman), Gerasa (Jerash), Gedara (Umm Qays), Pella (Tabaqat Fahl) and Arbila (Irbid). Later, under Roman rule, these joined other Hellenistic cities in Palestine and Syria to form the Decapolis League, a loose confederation linked by economic and cultural interests: Scythopolis, Hippos, Capitolias, Canatha and Damascus were among its members. The most notable Hellenistic site in Jordan is at Iraq Al-Amir, just west of modern-day Amman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.076595306396484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Ayla city (modern day Aqaba) in southern Jordan also came under Byzantine Empire rule. The Aqaba Church was built around 300 AD, and is considered the world's first purpose built Christian church. The Byzantines built 16 churches just south of Amman in Umm ar-Rasas. Administratively the area of Jordan fell under the Diocese of the East, and was divided between the provinces of Palaestina Secunda in the north-west and Arabia Petraea in the south and east. Palaestina Salutaris in the south was split off from Arabia Petraea in the late 4th century. The Sassanian Empire in the east became the Byzantines' rivals, and frequent confrontations sometimes led to the Sassanids controlling some parts of the region, including Transjordan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.521929740905762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Muslims from what is now Saudi Arabia invaded the region from the south. The Arab Christian Ghassanids, clients of the Byzantines, were defeated despite imperial support. While the Muslim forces lost to the Byzantines in their first direct engagement during the Battle of Mu'tah in 629, in what is now the Karak Governorate, the Byzantines lost control of the Levant when they were defeated by the Rashidun army in 636AD at the Battle of Yarmouk just north of modern-day Jordan. The region was Arabized, and the Arabic language became widespread.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.299269676208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Transjordan was an essential territory for the conquest of nearby Damascus. The first, or Rashidun, caliphate was followed by that of the Ummayad (661–750). Under Umayyads rule, several desert castles were constructed, such as Qasr Al-Mshatta, Qasr Al-Hallabat, Qasr Al-Kharanah, Qasr Tuba, Qasr Amra, and a large administrative palace in Amman. The Abbasid campaign to take over the Umayyad empire began in the region of Transjordan. After the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, the area was ruled by the Fatimids, then by the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1115–1189).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991011619567871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Crusaders constructed about nine Crusader castles as part of the lordship of Oultrejordain, including those of Montreal, Al-Karak and Wu'ayra (in Petra). In the 12th century, the Crusaders were defeated by Saladin, the founder of the Ayyubids dynasty (1189–1260). The Ayyubids built a new castle at Ajloun and rebuilt the former Roman fort of Qasr Azraq. Several of these castles were used and expanded by the Mamluks (1260-1516), who divided Jordan between the provinces of Karak and Damascus. During the next century Transjordan experienced Mongol attacks, but the Mongols were ultimately repelled by the Mamluks after the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61091136932373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "In 1516, Ottoman forces conquered Mamluk territory. Agricultural villages in Jordan witnessed a period of relative prosperity in the 16th century, but were later abandoned. For the next centuries, Ottoman rule in the region, at times, was virtually absent and reduced to annual tax collection visits. This led to a short-lived occupation by the Wahhabi forces (1803-1812), an ultraorthodox Islamic movement that emerged in Najd in modern-day Saudi Arabia. Ibrahim Pasha, son of the governor of the Egypt Eyalet under the request of the Ottoman sultan, rooted out the Wahhabis between 1811 and 1818. In 1833 Ibrahim Pasha turned on the Ottomans and established his rule over the Levant. His oppressive policies led to the unsuccessful peasants' revolt in Palestine in 1834. The cities of Al-Salt and Al-Karak were destroyed by Ibrahim Pasha's forces for harboring a peasants' revolt leader. Egyptian rule was later forcibly ended, with Ottoman rule restored. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31576156616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Russian persecution of Sunni Muslim Circassians and Chechens led to their immigration into the region in 1867, where today they form a small part of the country's ethnic fabric. Overall population however declined due to oppression and neglect. Urban settlements with small populations included: Al-Salt, Irbid, Jerash and Al-Karak. The under-development of urban life in Jordan was exacerbated by the settlements being sometimes raided by Bedouins. Ottoman oppression provoked the region's both non-Bedouin and Bedouin tribes to revolt, Bedouin tribes like; Adwan, Bani Hassan, Bani Sakhr and the Howeitat. The most notable revolts were the Shoubak Revolt (1905) and the Karak Revolt (1910), which were brutally suppressed. Jordan's location lies on a pilgrimage route taken by Muslims going to Mecca, which helped the population economically when the Ottomans constructed the Hejaz Railway linking Mecca with Istanbul in 1908. Before the construction of the railway, the Ottomans built fortresses along the Hajj route to secure pilgrims' caravans. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.33456802368164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Four centuries of stagnation during Ottoman rule ended during World War I when the Arab Army of the Great Arab Revolt took over present-day Jordan with the support of local Bedouin tribes, Circassians and Christians. The revolt was launched by the Hashemites and led by Sharif Hussein of Mecca, emerging from increasing Arab nationalism and resentment towards the Ottoman authorities. The revolt was supported by the Allies of World War I including Britain and France. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.477808952331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Great Arab Revolt successfully gained control of most of territories of the Hejaz and the Levant, including the region east of the Jordan River. However, it failed to gain international recognition as an independent state, due mainly to the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916 and the Balfour Declaration of 1917. This was seen by the Hashemites and the Arabs as a betrayal of their previous agreements with the British, including the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence of 1915, in which the British stated their willingness to recognize the independence of a unified Arab state stretching from Aleppo to Aden under the rule of the Hashemites. The region was divided and Abdullah I, the second son of Sharif Hussein arrived from Hejaz by train in Ma'an in southern Jordan, where he was greeted by Transjordanian leaders. Abdullah established the Emirate of Transjordan, which then became a British protectorate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.181133270263672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The first organized army in Jordan was established on 22 October 1920, and was named the \"Arab Legion\". The Legion grew from 150 men in 1920 to 8,000 in 1946. Multiple difficulties emerged upon the assumption of power in the region by the Hashemite leadership. In Transjordan, small local rebellions at Kura in 1921 and 1923 were suppressed by Emir Abdullah with the help of British forces. Wahhabis from Najd regained strength and repeatedly raided the southern parts of his territory in (1922-1924), seriously threatening the Emir's position. The Emir was unable to repel those raids without the aid of the local Bedouin tribes and the British, who maintained a military base with a small RAF detachment close to Amman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.828519821166992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "In September 1922, the Council of the League of Nations recognized Transjordan as a state under the British Mandate for Palestine and the Transjordan memorandum, and excluded the territories east of the Jordan River from the provisions of the mandate dealing with Jewish settlement. Transjordan remained a British mandate until 1946. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.819347381591797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Treaty of London, signed by the British Government and the Emir of Transjordan on 22 March 1946, recognised the independence of Transjordan upon ratification by both countries parliaments. On 25 May 1946 the Emirate of Transjordan became \"The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan\", as the ruling Emir was re-designated as \"King\" by the parliament of Transjordan on the day it ratified the Treaty of London. The name was changed to \"The Hashemite Kingdom of the Jordan\" in 1949. Jordan became a member of the United Nations on 14 December 1955. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.631094932556152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "On 15 May 1948, as part of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Jordan invaded Palestine together with other Arab states. Following the war, Jordan occupied the West Bank and on 24 April 1950 Jordan formally annexed these territories. In response, some Arab countries demanded Jordan's expulsion from the Arab League. On 12 June 1950, the Arab League declared the annexation was a temporary, practical measure and that Jordan was holding the territory as a \"trustee\" pending a future settlement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.963430404663086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "King Abdullah was assassinated at the Al-Aqsa Mosque in 1951 by a Palestinian militant, amid rumors he intended to sign a peace treaty with Israel. Abdullah was succeeded by his son Talal, however Talal soon abdicated due to illness in favor of his eldest son Hussein, who ascended the throne in 1953. On 1 March 1956, King Hussein sacked a number of British personnel serving in the Jordanian Army, an act of Arabization made to ensure the complete sovereignty of Jordan. Neighboring Iraq was also ruled by a Hashemite monarchy; Faisal II of Iraq, who was Hussein's cousin. 1958 witnessed the emergence of the Arab Federation between the two kingdoms, as a response to the formation of the United Arab Republic between Egypt and Syria. The union lasted only six months, being dissolved after Faisal II was deposed by a military coup. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.643482208251953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan signed a military pact with Egypt just before Israel launched a preemptive strike on Egypt to begin the Six-Day War in June 1967, where Jordan and Syria joined the war. It ended in an Arab defeat and the West Bank came under Israeli control. Jordan also fought in the War of Attrition, which included the 1968 Battle of Karameh where the combined forces of the Jordanian Armed Forces and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) repelled an Israeli attack on the Karameh camp on the Jordanian border with the West Bank. Despite the fact that the Palestinians had limited involvement against the Israeli forces, the events at Karameh gained wide recognition and acclaim in the Arab world. As a result, the time period following the battle witnessed an upsurge of support for Palestinian paramilitary elements (the fedayeen) within Jordan from other Arab countries, the fedayeen soon became a threat to Jordan's rule of law. In September 1970, the Jordanian army targeted the fedayeen and the resultant fighting led to the expulsion of Palestinian fighters from various PLO groups into Lebanon, in a civil war that became known as Black September. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.32002067565918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "During the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Arab league forces waged a war on Israel and fighting occurred along the 1967 Jordan River cease-fire line. Jordan sent a brigade to Syria to attack Israeli units on Syrian territory but did not engage Israeli forces from Jordanian territory. At the Rabat summit conference in 1974, Jordan agreed, along with the rest of the Arab League, that the PLO was the \"sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people\". Subsequently, Jordan renounced its claims to the West Bank in 1988.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.070011138916016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "At the 1991 Madrid Conference, Jordan agreed to negotiate a peace treaty sponsored by the US and the Soviet Union. The Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed on 26 October 1994. In 1997, Israeli agents allegedly entered Jordan using Canadian passports and poisoned Khaled Meshal, a senior Hamas leader. Israel provided an antidote to the poison and released dozens of political prisoners, including Sheikh Ahmed Yassin after King Hussein threatened to annul the peace treaty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.51053524017334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "On 7 February 1999, Abdullah II ascended the throne upon the death of his father Hussein. Jordan's economy has improved since then. Abdullah II has been credited with increasing foreign investment, improving public-private partnerships and providing the foundation for Aqaba's free-trade zone and Jordan's flourishing information and communication technology (ICT) sector. He also set up five other special economic zones. As a result of these reforms, Jordan's economic growth has doubled to 6% annually compared to the latter half of the 1990s. However, the Great Recession and regional turmoil in the 2010s has severely crippled the Jordanian economy and its growth, making it increasingly reliant on foreign aid. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81382942199707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Al-Qaeda under Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's leadership launched coordinated explosions in three hotel lobbies in Amman on 9 November 2005, resulting in 60 deaths and 115 injured. The bombings, which targeted civilians, caused widespread outrage among Jordanians. The attack is considered to be a rare event in the country, and Jordan's internal security was dramatically improved afterwards. No major terrorist attacks have occurred since then.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.196273803710938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Arab Spring began sweeping the Arab world in 2011, where large scale protests erupted demanding economic and political reforms. However, many of these protests in some countries turned into civil wars and more instability. In Jordan, in response to domestic unrest, Abdullah II replaced his prime minister and introduced a number of reforms including; amending the Constitution and establishing a number of governmental commissions. The King told the new prime minister to \"take quick, concrete and practical steps to launch a genuine political reform process, to strengthen democracy and provide Jordanians with the dignified life they deserve\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.288895606994629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan sits strategically at the crossroads of the continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, in the Levant area of the Fertile Crescent, a cradle of civilization. It is 89341 sqkm large, and 400 km long between its northernmost and southernmost points; Umm Qais and Aqaba respectively. The kingdom lies between 29° and 34° N, and 34° and 40° E. The east is an arid plateau irrigated by oases and seasonal water streams. Major cities are overwhelmingly located on the north-western part of the kingdom due to its fertile soils and relatively abundant rainfall. These include Irbid, Jerash and Zarqa in the northwest, the capital Amman and Al-Salt in the central west, and Madaba, Al-Karak and Aqaba in the southwest. Major towns in the eastern part of the country are the oasis towns of Azraq and Ruwaished. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.380273818969727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan has a diverse range of habitats, ecosystems and biota due, to its varied landscapes and environments. The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature was set up in 1966 to protect and manage Jordan's natural resources. Nature reserves in Jordan include the Dana Biosphere Reserve, the Azraq Wetland Reserve, the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve and the Mujib Nature Reserve. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.849183082580566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Over two thousand plant species have been recorded in Jordan. Many of the flowering plants bloom in the spring after the winter rains and the type of vegetation depends largely on the levels of precipitation. The mountainous regions in the northwest are clothed in forests, while further south and east the vegetation becomes more scrubby and transitions to steppe-type vegetation. Forests cover 1.5 million dunums (1500000 dunam), less than 2% of Jordan, making Jordan among the world's least forested countries, the internationally average being 15%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.469717025756836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The climate in Jordan varies greatly. Generally, the further inland from the Mediterranean, greater contrasts in temperature occur and the less rainfall there is. The country's average elevation is 812 m (SL). The highlands above the Jordan Valley, mountains of the Dead Sea and Wadi Araba and as far south as Ras Al-Naqab are dominated by a Mediterranean climate, while the eastern and northeastern areas of the country are arid desert. Although the desert parts of the kingdom reach high temperatures, the heat is usually moderated by low humidity and a daytime breeze, while the nights are cool. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.089607238769531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan has multiple political parties though they formerly contested fewer than a fifth of the seats; the remainder belonged to independent politicians, due to the one-man one-vote system. The system was changed in 2015 and this is expected to empower political parties, which number around 30 parties. The government can be dismissed by a two-thirds vote of \"no confidence\" by the Chamber of Deputies. Political parties come under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior, and may not be established on the basis of religion. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.4946928024292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Constitution of Jordan was adopted in 1952 and has been amended a number of times, most recently in 2016. Article 97 of Jordan's constitution guarantees the independence of the judicial branch, stating that judges are \"subject to no authority but that of the law.\" Article 99 divides the courts into three categories: civil, religious, and special. The civil courts deal with civil and criminal matters, and have jurisdiction over all persons in all matters civil and criminal, including cases brought against the government. The civil courts include Magistrate Courts, Courts of First Instance, Courts of Appeal, High Administrative Courts which hear cases relating to administrative matters, and the Constitutional Court which was set up in 2012 in order to hear cases regarding the constitutionality of laws. The religious court system's jurisdiction extends to matters of personal status such as divorce and inheritance, and is partially based on Sharia Islamic law. The special court deals with cases forwarded by the civil one. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.292606353759766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The current monarch, Abdullah II, ascended the throne in February 1999 after the death of his father Hussein. Abdullah reaffirmed Jordan's commitment to the peace treaty with Israel and its relations with the United States. He refocused the government's agenda on economic reform, during his first year. King Abdullah's eldest son, Prince Hussein is the current Crown Prince of Jordan. The current prime minister is Hani Al-Mulki who received his position on 29 May 2016. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.582209587097168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The 2010 Arab Democracy Index from the Arab Reform Initiative ranked Jordan first in the state of democratic reforms out of fifteen Arab countries. Jordan ranked first among the Arab states and 78th globally in the Human Freedom Index in 2015, and ranked 55th out of 175 countries in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) issued by Transparency International in 2014, where 175th is most corrupt. In the 2016 Press Freedom Index maintained by Reporters Without Borders, Jordan ranked 135th out of 180 countries worldwide, and 5th of 19 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. Jordan's score was 44 on a scale from 0 (most free) to 105 (least free). The report added \"the Arab Spring and the Syrian conflict have led the authorities to tighten their grip on the media and, in particular, the Internet, despite an outcry from civil society\". Jordanian media consists of public and private institutions. Popular Jordanian newspapers include: Ammon News, Ad-Dustour and Jordan Times. The most two watched local TV stations are Ro'ya TV and Jordan TV. Internet penetration in Jordan reached 76% in 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.358433723449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The kingdom has followed a pro-Western foreign policy and maintained close relations with the United States and the United Kingdom. During the first Gulf War (1990), these relations were damaged by Jordan's neutrality and its maintenance of relations with Iraq. Later, Jordan restored its relations with Western countries through its participation in the enforcement of UN sanctions against Iraq and in the Southwest Asia peace process. After King Hussein's death in 1999, relations between Jordan and the Persian Gulf countries greatly improved. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.620899200439453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is a key ally of the USA and UK and, together with Egypt, is one of only two Arab nations to have signed peace treaties with Israel, Jordan's direct neighbour. Jordan supports Palestinian statehood through the Two-state solution. The ruling Hashemite family has had custodianship over holy sites in Jerusalem since the beginning of the 20th century, a position reinforced in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty. Turmoil in Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque between Israelis and Palestinians created tensions between Jordan and Israel concerning the former's role in protecting the Muslim and Christian sites in Jerusalem. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.711277961730957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan is classified by the World Bank as an \"upper-middle income\" country; however, approximately 14.4% () of the population lives below the national poverty line. The economy, which boasts a GDP of $38.210 billion (), grew at an average rate of 4.3% per annum between 2005 and 2010, and around 2.5% 2010 onwards. GDP per capita rose by 351% in the 1970s, declined 30% in the 1980s, and rose 36% in the 1990s. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.07127571105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Great Recession and the turmoil caused by the Arab Spring have depressed Jordan's GDP growth, impacting trade, industry, construction and tourism. Tourist arrivals have dropped sharply since 2011. Jordan's finances have also been severely strained by 32 attacks on the natural gas pipeline in Sinai supplying Jordan from Egypt by Islamic State affiliates, causing it to substitute more expensive heavy-fuel oils to generate electricity. In November 2012, the government cut subsidies on fuel, increasing its price. The decision, which was later revoked, caused large scale protests to break out across the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.808704376220703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan's total foreign debt in 2012 was $22 billion, representing 72% of its GDP. In 2016, the debt reached $35.1 billion representing 90.6% of its GDP. This substantial increase is attributed to effects of regional instability causing; decrease in tourist activity, decreased foreign investments, increased military expenditure, electrical company debts due to attacks on Egyptian pipeline, accumulated interests from loans, the collapse of trade with Iraq and Syria and expenses from hosting Syrian refugees. According to the World Bank, Syrian refugees have cost Jordan more than $2.5 billion a year, amounting to 6% of the GDP and 25% of the government's annual revenue. Foreign aid covers only a small part of these costs, 63% of the total costs is covered by Jordan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.468597412109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The proportion of skilled workers in Jordan is among the highest in the region in sectors such as ICT and industry, due to a relatively modern educational system. This has attracted large foreign investments to Jordan and has enabled the country to export its workforce to Persian Gulf countries. Flows of remittances to Jordan grew rapidly, particularly during the end of the 1970s and 1980s, and remains an important source of external funding. Remittances from Jordanian expatriates were $3.8 billion in 2015, a notable rise in the amount of transfers compared to 2014 where remittances reached over $3.66 billion listing Jordan as fourth largest recipient in the region. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.42855167388916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The tourism sector is considered a cornerstone of the economy, being a large source of employment, hard currency and economic growth. In 2010, there were 8 million visitors to Jordan. The result was $3.4 billion in tourism revenues, $4.4 billion with the inclusion of medical tourists. The majority of tourists coming to Jordan are from European and Arab countries. The tourism sector in Jordan has been severely affected by regional turbulence. The most recent impact to the tourism sector was caused by the Arab Spring, which scared off tourists from the entire region. Jordan experienced a 70% decrease in the number of tourists from 2010 to 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.980255126953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "According to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Jordan is home to around 100,000 archaeological and tourist sites. Some very well preserved historical cities include Petra and Jerash, the former being Jordan's most popular tourist attraction and an icon of the kingdom. Jordan is part of the Holy Land and has several biblical attractions that attract pilgrimage activities. Biblical sites include: Al-Maghtas where Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist, Mount Nebo, Umm ar-Rasas, Madaba and Machaerus. Islamic sites include shrines of the prophet Muhammad's companions such as 'Abd Allah ibn Rawahah, Zayd ibn Harithah and Muadh ibn Jabal. Ajlun Castle built by Muslim Ayyubid leader Saladin in the 12th century AD during his wars with the Crusaders, is also a popular tourist attraction. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.614341735839844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan has been a medical tourism destination in the Middle East since the 1970s. A study conducted by Jordan's Private Hospitals Association found that 250,000 patients from 102 countries received treatment in Jordan in 2010, compared to 190,000 in 2007, bringing over $1 billion in revenue. Jordan is the region's top medical tourism destination, as rated by the World Bank, and fifth in the world overall. The majority of patients come from Yemen, Libya and Syria due to the ongoing civil wars in those countries. Jordanian doctors and medical staff have gained experience in dealing with war patients through years of receiving such cases from various conflict zones in the region. Jordan also is a hub for natural treatment methods in both Ma'in Hot Springs and the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is often described as a 'natural spa'. It contains 10 times more salt than the average ocean, which makes it impossible to sink in. The high salt concentration of the Dead Sea has been proven as therapeutic for many skin diseases. The uniqueness of this lake attracts several Jordanian and foreign vacationers, which boosted investments in the hotel sector in the area. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.617128372192383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The country is the world's second poorest country in terms of water resources per capita, scarce water resources were aggravated further by influx of Syrian refugees. Water from Disi aquifer and ten major dams play a large role in providing Jordan's need for fresh water. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.934197425842285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Phosphate mines in the south have made Jordan one of the largest producers and exporters of this mineral in the world. Jordan aims to benefit from its large uranium reserves with two nuclear plants scheduled for completion in 2023 and 2025. Natural gas was discovered in Jordan in 1987. The estimated size of the reserve discovered was about 230 billion cubic feet, a modest quantity compared with its other Arabian neighbours. The Risha field, in the eastern desert beside the Iraqi border, produces nearly 35 million cubic feet of gas a day, which is sent to a nearby power plant to produce nearly 10% of Jordan's electricity needs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.345961570739746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Despite the fact that reserves of crude oil are non-commercial, Jordan has the 5th largest oil-shale reserves in the world that could be commercially exploited in the central and northern regions west of the country. Official figures estimate the kingdom's oil shale reserves at more than 70 billion tonnes. Attarat Power Plant is a $2.2 billion oil shale-dependent power plant which will be completed in 2019 with a total capacity of 470 megawatts. The project is part of the kingdom's 2025 vision that aims at diversifying its energy resources. The extraction of oil shale had been delayed by a couple of years due to the advanced level of technology that is required to extract it and its relatively higher cost. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.211718559265137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan receives 330 days of sunshine per year, and wind speeds reach over 7 m/s over the mountainous areas. For this reason, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources launched several projects like Tafila Wind Farm and have set a target to obtain 10% of Jordan's electrical consumption from renewable resources by 2020. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.956348419189453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan ranked as having the 35th best infrastructure in the world, one of the highest rankings in the developing world, according to the World Economic Forum's Index of Economic Competitiveness. This high infrastructural development is necessitated by its role as a transit country for goods and services to the Palestine and Iraq. Palestinians use Jordan as a transit country due to the Israeli restrictions and Iraqis use Jordan due to the instability in Iraq. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.212577819824219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "According to data from the Jordanian Ministry of Public Works and Housing, , the Jordanian road network consisted of 2878 km of main roads; 2592 km of rural roads and 1733 km of side roads. The Hejaz Railway built during the Ottoman Empire which extended from Damascus to Mecca will act as a base for future railway expansion plans. Currently, the railway has barely any civilian activity, it is primarily used for transporting goods. A national railway project is currently undergoing studies and seeking funding sources. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.030394554138184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Science and technology is the country's fastest developing economic sector. This growth occurs across multiple industries including Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and nuclear technology. Jordan contributes to 75% of the Arabic content on the Internet. In 2014, the ICT sector accounted for more than 84,000 jobs, and contributed to 12% of the GDP. More than 400 companies are active in telecom, IT and video game development. While there are 600 companies operating in active technologies and 300 startup companies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.337007522583008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Nuclear science and technology is also expanding; nuclear facilities are undergoing construction. Jordan Research and Training Reactor is a 5MW training reactor located in Jordan University of Science and Technology; the reactor is expected to start operations in 2017 and will be used by the university to train their students in the already existing nuclear engineering program. Jordan signed a contract with Russian company Rosatom in 2014 for the construction of two $5 billion nuclear reactors which are currently under planning and are expected to start delivering electricity in 2023 and 2025. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.863486289978027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan was also selected as the location for the Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) facility, which is supported by UNESCO and CERN. This particle accelerator, which is expected to start operations in 2017, will allow collaboration between scientists across the Middle East despite the political conflicts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.559420585632324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The latest census, taken in 2015, showed the population numbered some 9.5 million. 2.9 million (30%) were non-citizens, a figure including refugees and illegal immigrants. There were 1,977,534 households in Jordan in 2015, with an average of 4.8 persons per household (compared to 6.7 persons per household for the census of 1979). The vast majority of Jordanians are Arabs, accounting for 98% of the population. The rest is attributed to Circassians, Chechens and Armenians. As the population has increased, it has become more settled and urban. In 1922 almost half the population (around 103,000) were nomadic, whereas nomads made up only 6% of the population in 2015. The population in Amman, 65,754 in 1946, has grown to over 4 million in 2015. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.735383987426758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan was home to 2,117,361 Palestinians in 2015, most of them Jordanian citizens. The first wave of Palestinian refugees began arriving during the 1948 Arab Israeli war and peaked in the 1967 Six Day War and the 1990 Gulf War. In the past, Jordan had given many Palestinian refugees citizenship, however recently Jordanian citizenship is given only in rare cases. 370,000 of these Palestinians live in UNRWA refugee camps. Following the capture of the West Bank by Israel in 1967, Jordan revoked the citizenship of thousands of Palestinians to thwart any attempt to permanently resettle from the West Bank to Jordan. West Bank Palestinians with family in Jordan or Jordanian citizenship were issued yellow cards guaranteeing them all the rights of Jordanian citizenship if requested. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.224392890930176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "While some 700,000–1,000,000 Iraqis came to Jordan following the Iraq War in 2003, most have returned. Many Iraqi Christians (Assyrians/Chaldeans) however settled temporarily or permanently in Jordan. Immigrants also include 15,000 Lebanese who arrived following the 2006 Lebanon War. Since 2010, over 1.4 million Syrian refugees have fled to Jordan to escape the violence in Syria. The kingdom has continued to demonstrate hospitality, despite the substantial strain the flux of Syrian refugees places on the country. The effects are largely affecting Jordanian communities, as the vast majority of Syrian refugees do not live in camps. The refugee crisis effects include competition for job opportunities, water resources and other state provided services, along with the strain on the national infrastructure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.454349517822266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "In 2007, Assyrian Christians accounted for up to 150,000 persons, most are Eastern Aramaic speaking refugees from Iraq. Kurds number some 30,000 people, and like the Assyrians, many are refugees from Iraq, Iran and Turkey. Descendants of Armenians that sought refuge in the Levant during the 1915 Armenian Genocide number approximately 5,000 persons, mainly residing in Amman. A small number of ethnic Mandeans also reside in Jordan, again mainly refugees from Iraq. Several thousand Libyans, Yemenis and Sudanese have also sought asylum in Jordan to escape instability and violence in their respective countries. The 2015 Jordanian census recorded that there are 1,265,000 Syrians, 636,270 Egyptians, 634,182 Palestinians, 130,911 Iraqis, 31,163 Yemenis, 22,700 Libyans and 197,385 from other nationalities residing in the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.349345207214355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Sunni Islam is the dominant religion in Jordan. Muslims make up about 92% of the country's population; in turn, 93% of those self-identify as Sunnis—the highest percentage in the world. There are also a small number of Ahmadi Muslims, and some Shiites. Many Shia are Iraqi and Lebanese refugees. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.867088317871094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan contains some of the oldest Christian communities in the world, dating as early as the 1st century AD after the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Christians today make up about 4% of the population, down from 20% in 1930. This is due to high immigration rates of Muslims into Jordan, higher emigration rates of Christians to the west and higher birth rates for Muslims. Jordanian Christians number around 250,000, all of whom are Arabic-speaking, according to a 2014 estimate by the Orthodox Church. The study excluded minority Christian groups and the thousands of western, Iraqi and Syrian Christians residing in Jordan. Christians are exceptionally well integrated in the Jordanian society and enjoy a high level of freedom, though they are not free to evangelize Muslims. Christians traditionally occupy two cabinet posts, and are reserved 9 seats out of the 130 in the parliament. The highest political position reached by a Christian is deputy prime minister, held by Marwan al-Muasher in 2005. Christians are also influential in media. Smaller religious minorities include Druze and Bahá'ís. Most Jordanian Druze live in the eastern oasis town of Azraq, some villages on the Syrian border, and the city of Zarqa, while most Jordanian Bahá'ís live in the village of Adassiyeh bordering the Jordan Valley. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.688192367553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The official language is Modern Standard Arabic, a literary language taught in the schools. Most Jordanians natively speak one of the non-standard Arabic dialects known as Jordanian Arabic. Jordanian Sign Language is the language of the deaf community. English, though without official status, is widely spoken throughout the country and is the de facto language of commerce and banking, as well as a co-official status in the education sector; almost all university-level classes are held in English and almost all public schools teach English along with Standard Arabic. Chechen, Circassian, Armenian, Tagalog, and Russian are popular among their communities. French is elective in many schools, mainly in the private sector. German is an increasingly popular language among the elite and the educated; it's been most likely introduced at a larger scale after the début of the German-Jordanian University in 2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.838173866271973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "While religion and tradition play an important part in the modern Jordanian society, the country is considered liberal relative to other Arab countries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.102599143981934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Many institutions in Jordan aim to increase cultural awareness of Jordanian Art and to represent Jordan's artistic movements in fields such as paintings, sculpture, graffiti and photography. The art scene has been developing in the past few years and Jordan has been a haven for artists from surrounding countries. In January 2016, for the first time ever, a Jordanian film called Theeb was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.48243236541748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The largest museum in Jordan is The Jordan Museum. It contains much of the valuable archaeological findings in the country, including some of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Neolithic limestone statues of 'Ain Ghazal and a copy of the Mesha Stele. Most museums in Jordan are located in Amman including the The Children's Museum Jordan, The Martyr's Memorial and Museum and the Royal Automobile Museum. Museums outside Amman include the Aqaba Archaeological Museum. The Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts is a major contemporary art museum located in Amman. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.403014183044434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Football is the most popular sport in Jordan. The national football team has improved in recent years, though it has yet to qualify for the World Cup. In 2013, Jordan lost a chance to play at the 2014 World Cup when they lost to Uruguay during inter-confederation play-offs. This was the highest that Jordan had advanced in the World Cup qualifying rounds since 1986. The women's football team is also gaining reputation, and in March 2016 ranked 58th in the world. Jordan is hosting the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in September, the first women's sports tournament in the Middle East. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.596199989318848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Less common sports are gaining popularity. Rugby is increasing in popularity, a Rugby Union is recognized by the Jordan Olympic Committee which supervises three national teams. Although cycling is not widespread in Jordan, the sport is developing rapidly as a lifestyle and a new way to travel especially among the youth. In 2014, a NGO Make Life Skate Life completed construction of the 7Hills Skatepark, the first skatepark in the country located in Downtown Amman. Jordan's national basketball team is participating in various international and Middle Eastern tournaments. Local basketball teams include: Al-Orthodoxi Club, Al-Riyadi, Zain, Al-Hussein and Al-Jazeera. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.109929084777832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "As the 8th largest producer of olives in the world, olive oil is the main cooking oil in Jordan. A common appetizer is hummus, which is a puree of chick peas blended with tahini, lemon, and garlic. Ful Medames is another well-known appetiser. A typical worker's meal, it has since made its way to the tables of the upper class. A typical Jordanian meze often contains koubba maqliya, labaneh, baba ghanoush, tabbouleh, olives and pickles. Meze is generally accompanied by the Levantine alcoholic drink arak, which is made from grapes and aniseed and is similar to ouzo, rakı and pastis. Jordanian wine and beer are also sometimes used. The same dishes, served without alcoholic drinks, can also be termed \"muqabbilat\" (starters) in Arabic. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.700753211975098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The most distinctive Jordanian dish is mansaf, the national dish of Jordan. The dish is a symbol for Jordanian hospitality and is influenced by the Bedouin culture. Mansaf is eaten on different occasions such as funerals, weddings and on religious holidays. It consists of a plate of rice with meat that was boiled in thick yogurt, sprayed with nuts and sometimes herbs. As an old tradition, the dish is eaten using one's hands, but the tradition is not always used. Simple fresh fruit is often served towards the end of a Jordanian meal, there is also dessert, such as baklava, hareeseh, knafeh, halva and qatayef, a dish made specially for Ramadan. In Jordanian cuisine, drinking coffee and tea flavored with na'na or meramiyyeh is almost a ritual. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.679305076599121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Life expectancy in Jordan is around 74.35 years. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases, followed by cancer. Childhood immunization rates have increased steadily over the past 15 years; by 2002 immunizations and vaccines reached more than 95% of children under five. Water and sanitation, available to only 10% of the population in 1950, now reach 98% of Jordanians. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.039140701293945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "The Jordanian educational system consists of a two-year cycle of pre-school education, ten years of compulsory basic education, and two years of secondary academic or vocational education, after which the students sit for the Tawjihi exams. 79% of children go through primary education, while secondary school enrollment has increased from 63% to 97% of high school aged students in Jordan. Between 79% and 85% of high school students in Jordan move on to higher education. According to the CIA World Factbook, the literacy rate in 2015 was 95.4%. UNESCO ranked Jordan's education system 18th out of 94 nations for providing gender equality in education. Education is not free in Jordan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.66889762878418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" }, { "answer": "JOrdan", "passage": "Jordan has 10 public universities, 16 private universities and 54 community colleges, of which 14 are public, 24 private and others affiliated with the Jordanian Armed Forces, the Civil Defense Department, the Ministry of Health and UNRWA. There are over 200,000 Jordanian students enrolled in universities each year. An additional 20,000 Jordanians pursue higher education abroad primarily in the United States and Europe. According to the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, the top-ranking universities in the country are the University of Jordan (UJ) (1,010th worldwide), Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST) (1,907th) and Yarmouk University (1,969th). UJ and JUST occupy 8th and 10th between Arab universities. Jordan has 2,000 researchers per million people, and as of 2015 was the third-most innovative economy in the Middle East, behind Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.128531455993652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jordan" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "ഭാരത മഹാരാജ്യം", "هندستانڀارت،", "भारतीय गणराज्याच्या", "Bhārtiya Prajāsattāk", "Indian Republic", "ভারতরাষ্টৃ", "Indian republic", "ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ", "Union of India", "இந்தியக் குடியரசு", "भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक", "India (country)", "ISO 3166-1:IN", "Indea", "Etymology of India", "ভারত গণরাজ্য", "Republic Of India", "INDIA", "ભારતીય ગણતંત્ર", "ভারত", "Republic of India", "Les Indes", "Bhārat Gaṇarājya", "جمہوٗرِیت بًارت", "भारतमहाराज्यम्", "Indya", "Bharat Ganrajya", "جمہوریہ بھارت", "இந்திய", "ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ", "भारत गणराज्य", "Republic of india", "जुम्हूरियत भारत", "Hindio", "The Republic of India", "భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము", "India's", "Hindistan", "ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ", "Bhart", "India", "భారత రిపబ్లిక్", "India.", "ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য", "Indian State", "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3/IND", "ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము", "భారత రిపబ్లిక్", "bhārtiya prajāsattāk", "republic of india", "ভারত", "hindio", "ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ", "भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक", "ભારતીય ગણતંત્ર", "indea", "ভারত গণরাজ্য", "இந்தியக் குடியரசு", "india country", "les indes", "هندستانڀارت،", "etymology of india", "भारतमहाराज्यम्", "india", "جمہوٗرِیت بًارت", "भारतीय गणराज्याच्या", "ভারতরাষ্টৃ", "india s", "ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র", "ഭാരത മഹാരാജ്യം", "bhārat gaṇarājya", "ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য", "ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ", "இந்திய", "जुम्हूरियत भारत", "union of india", "hindistan", "indya", "bhart", "iso 3166 1 in", "bharat ganrajya", "भारत गणराज्य", "indian republic", "ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ", "indian state", "جمہوریہ بھارت", "iso 3166 1 alpha 3 ind" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "india", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "India" }

[ { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Christie is a British actress. She was born in British India to English parents, but at the age of six moved to England, where she attended boarding school.", "precise_score": 8.276947021484375, "rough_score": 8.79476261138916, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1941) is a British actress. Born in British India to English parents, at the age of six Christie moved to England where she attended boarding school.", "precise_score": 8.524711608886719, "rough_score": 9.290969848632812, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - The Movie Database (TMDb)" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1941) is a British actress. Born in British India to English parents, at the age of six Christie moved to England where she attended boarding school.", "precise_score": 8.524711608886719, "rough_score": 9.290969848632812, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - The Movie Database (TMDb)" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Christie, (born April 14, 1941, Chukua, Assam , India ), British film actress renowned for a wide range of roles in English and American films of the 1960s and ’70s, as well as for her strikingly attractive looks and offbeat, free-spirited personality.", "precise_score": 8.230670928955078, "rough_score": 8.634427070617676, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie | British actress | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940)Although most sources cite 1941 as Christie's year of birth, she was in fact born in 1940 and baptised that year.First name(s) Julie FrancesLast name ChristieBaptism year:1940Birth year: 1940Place: DibrugarhPresidency BengalMother's first name(s)-Mother's last name-Father's first name(s)-Father's last name ChristieBaptism date: 1940Birth date: 1940Archive reference: N-1-606&607Folio: #93Catalogue descriptions: Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of BengalRecords: British India Office births & baptismsCategory: Birth, Marriage, Death & Parish RecordsRecord collection: Births & baptisms[http://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?idbl%2fbind%2fb%2f685327&refreshingcookie", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.901639938354492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Julie Christie" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Christie was born on 14 April 1940 at Singlijan Tea Estate, Chabua, Assam, British India, the elder child of Rosemary (née Ramsden), a painter, and Francis \"Frank\" St. John Christie.[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-513285/The-secret-Indian-sister-haunts-actress-Julie-Christie.html \"The secret Indian sister who haunts actress Julie Christie\"], dailymail.co.uk, 11 February 2008. Her father ran the tea plantation where she was raised. She has a younger brother, Clive, and an older (now deceased) half-sister, June, from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation. Frank and Rosemary Christie separated when Julie was a child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.490832328796387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Julie Christie" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "In the early 1960s, Christie dated actor Terence Stamp. She was engaged to Don Bessant, a lithographer and art teacher, in 1965, before dating actor Warren Beatty for several years. She is married to The Guardian journalist Duncan Campbell; they have lived together since 1979, but the date they wed is disputed. In January 2008, several news outlets reported that the couple had quietly married in India two months earlier, in November 2007, which Christie called \"nonsense\", adding, \"I have been married for a few years. Don't believe what you read in the papers.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.942734241485596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Julie Christie" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Christie, the British movie legend whom Al Pacino called \"the most poetic of all actresses\", was born in Chukua, Assam, India, on April 14, 1941, the daughter of a tea planter, Frank St. John Christie, and his wife, Rosemary (Ramsden), who was a painter. Her family was of English, and some Scottish, origin. The young Christie grew up on her father's tea plantation before being sent to England for her education. Finishing her studies in Paris, where she had moved to improve her French with an eye to possibly becoming a linguist (she is fluent in French and Italian), the teenager became enamored of the freedom of the Continent. She also was smitten by the bohemian life of artists and planned on becoming an artist before she enrolled in London's Central School of Speech Training. She made her debut as a professional in 1957 as a member of the Frinton Repertory of Essex.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.732249736785889, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie's father managed a tea plantation in Assam, India, where she grew up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.439396381378174, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Her paternal half-sister June (1934-2005) was the product of an affair between Frank Christie and a teenage Indian peasant girl on the tea estate he managed in Chabua, Assam. June's existence was never spoken publicly about by Julie and their connection was only revealed for the first time in 2000 by biographer Anthony Hayward. Reportedly, Julie has gone to every effort to block June of her mind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.22971650958061218, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "[2008, on reports that she and longtime boyfriend Duncan Campbell recently snuck off for a secret wedding in India] Nonsense. I have been married for a few years. Don't believe what you read in the papers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.444134712219238, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "One of the most luminous actresses to grace the British screen, as well as those of the rest of the world, Julie Christie is known for both her onscreen magnetism, which has not faded as she has grown older, and her offscreen reclusiveness. The daughter of an India-based British tea planter, she was born in Chukua, Assam, India, on April 14, 1941, and grew up on her father's tea plantation. Educated in England and on the Continent, she planned to become an artist or a linguist before she altered her life's goals by enrolling in the Central School of Speech Training in London. In 1957, she first stepped on-stage as a paid professional with the Frinton Repertory of Essex.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.442664623260498, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos ..." }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Father ran a tea plantation in India when she was born.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.226588249206543, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos ..." }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Quietly wed journalist Duncan Campbell, her partner since 1979, in a private ceremony in India in 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.223023414611816, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos ..." }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Julie Christie, the British movie legend whom Al Pacino called \"the most poetic of all actresses\", was born in Chukua, Assam, India, on April 14, 1941, the daughter of a tea planter, Frank St. John Christie, and his wife, Rosemary (Ramsden), who was a painter. Her family was of English, and some Scottish, origin. The young Christie grew up on her ... See full bio »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.780805587768555, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie - IMDb" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Christie was born on 14 April 1941 in Singlijan Tea Estate, Chabua, Assam, India, then part of the British Empire. She is the eldest of two children of Rosemary (née Ramsden) and Frank St. John Christie. Christie's father ran the tea plantation where Christie grew up, and her mother was a painter from Hove. Christie has a brother, Clive, and an older half-sister, June from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation. Christie's parents separated during her childhood. She was baptised in the Anglican church and studied as a boarder at the independent Convent of Our Lady School in St. Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, from which she was later expelled. She then attended the independent Wycombe Court School in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, also living with a foster mother from the age of six. After her parents' divorce, Christie spent time with her mother in rural Wales. As a teenager at Wycombe Court School, she played the role of the Dauphin in a school production of George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan. She later studied at the Central School of Speech and Drama before getting her big break in 1961 in a science fiction series on BBC television, A for Andromeda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.014317989349365, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie biography, birth date, birth place and pictures" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Chukua, Assam, India", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.501712799072266, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie Biography - Fandango" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "One of the most luminous actresses to grace the British screen, as well as those of the rest of the world, Julie Christie is known for both her onscreen magnetism, which has not faded as she has grown older, and her offscreen reclusiveness. The daughter of an India-based British tea planter, she was born in Chukua, Assam, India, on April 14, 1941, and grew up on her father's tea plantation. Educated in England and on the Continent, she planned to become an artist or a linguist before she altered her life's goals by enrolling in the Central School of Speech Training in London. In 1957, she first stepped on-stage as a paid professional with the Frinton Repertory of Essex.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.442664623260498, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie Biography - Fandango" }, { "answer": "India", "passage": "Christie was born on her father’s Indian tea plantation but was educated in England and France. She studied acting at London’s Central School for Drama and made her stage debut in 1957. Her first major film role was in director John Schlesinger ’s Billy Liar (1963). In 1965 she found stardom and won an Academy Award for playing a self-destructive fashion model in Schlesinger’s Darling . That same year, she also appeared as the romantic heroine Lara in David Lean ’s enormously successful screen adaptation of Boris Pasternak ’s Doctor Zhivago . She played dual roles in director François Truffaut ’s production of Ray Bradbury ’s science-fiction novel Fahrenheit 451 (1966) and portrayed the Thomas Hardy heroine Bathsheba in Far from the Madding Crowd (1967), her final theatrical film with Schlesinger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6642777919769287, "source": "search", "title": "Julie Christie | British actress | Britannica.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Rudolph Dirks" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "rudolph dirks" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "rudolph dirks", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Rudolph Dirks" }

[ { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "Rudolph Dirks created The Katzenjammer Kids in 1897 for the American Humorist, the famed Sunday supplement of the New York Journal. Inspired in part by \"Max Und Moritz,\" the famous German children's stories of the 1860s, The Katzenjammer Kids featured the adventures of Hans and Fritz, twins and fellow warriors in the battle against any form of authority. \"The Katzies\" rebelled against Mama (their own mother, of course), der Captain (the shipwrecked sailor who acted as their surrogate father) and der Inspector (dreaded representative of the school authorities).", "precise_score": 9.29961109161377, "rough_score": 9.294297218322754, "source": "search", "title": "Katzenjammer Kids - Comics Kingdom" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "The Katzenjammer Kids is an American comic strip created by the German immigrant Rudolph Dirks and drawn by Harold H. Knerr for 37 years (1912 to 1949). [1] It debuted December 12, 1897 in the American Humorist, the Sunday supplement of William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. Dirks was the first cartoonist to express dialogue in comic characters through the use of speech balloons . [2]", "precise_score": 9.660964012145996, "rough_score": 8.970224380493164, "source": "search", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids - Crossgen Comics Database Wiki" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "The Katzenjammer Kids is an American comic strip created by the German immigrant Rudolph Dirks and drawn by Harold H. Knerr for 37 years (1912 to 1949).[http://lambiek.net/artists/d/dirks_r.htm Dirks profile]: \"Born in Heide, Germany, Rudolph Dirks moved with his parents to Chicago at the age of seven.\" It debuted December 12, 1897 in the American Humorist, the Sunday supplement of William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. Dirks was the first cartoonist to express dialogue in comic characters through the use of speech balloons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.970019340515137, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "The Captain and the Kids expanded as a daily strip during the 1930s, but it had only a short run. However, the Sunday strip remained popular for decades. From 1946, Dirks' son, John Dirks, gradually began doing more of the work on The Captain and the Kids. They introduced new characters and plots during the 1950s, including a 1958 science fiction storyline about a brilliant inventor and alien invasions. Even as John Dirks took over most of the work, Rudolph Dirks signed the strip until his death in 1968. John Dirks' drawing shifted slightly towards a more square-formed line, though it maintained the original style until The Captain and the Kids ended its run in 1979. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.361223220825195, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "The Captain and the Kids expanded as a daily strip during the 1930s, but it had only a short run. However, the Sunday strip remained popular for decades. From 1946, Dirks' son, John Dirks, gradually began doing more of the work on The Captain and the Kids. They introduced new characters and plots during the 1950s, including a 1958 science fiction storyline about a brilliant inventor and alien invasions. Even as John Dirks took over most of the work, Rudolph Dirks signed the strip until his death in 1968. John Dirks' drawing shifted slightly towards a more square-formed line, though it maintained the original style until The Captain and the Kids ended its run in 1979. [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.325801849365234, "source": "search", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids - Crossgen Comics Database Wiki" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dirks profile : \"Born in Heide, Germany, Rudolph Dirks moved with his parents to Chicago at the age of seven.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.205195426940918, "source": "search", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids - Crossgen Comics Database Wiki" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "The picture above is a self-portrait drawn by Rudolph Dirks, the creator of the Katzenjammer Kids.  The main characters in the comic strip were Mamma Katzenjammer, her twin sons, Hans and Fritz, and the long-suffering target of their mischief, The Captain.  The Katzenjammer Kids is an \"ethnic\" comic strip.  All of the characters speak with a German accent.  \"Just\" becomes \"chust,\" \"we\" becomes \"ve,\" and the Captain is, of course, \"der Captain.\"  This device provided part of the charm of the strip in the early days, though it may be regarded as politically incorrect today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.179330348968506, "source": "search", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids - OoCities" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "A more extended overview of the early history of the strip may be found in my article in \"The Encyclopedia of American Comics\" by Ron Goulart (Facts On File, 1990).  For even more, I recommend the chapter on Rudolph Dirks in Richard Marschall's excellent \"America's Great Comic-Strip Artists\" (Abbeville Press, 1989).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210603713989258, "source": "search", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids - OoCities" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "The short version is this: After drawing a weekly Katzenjammer Kids page for 15 years or so, Rudolph Dirks wanted to take a break, something like Garry Trudeau and others have done in recent times.  His boss at the Hearst newspaper syndicate didn't see it that way.  Dirks left anyway and his duties were assigned to other artists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.345082759857178, "source": "search", "title": "The Katzenjammer Kids - OoCities" }, { "answer": "Rudolph Dirks", "passage": "Their \"father,\" Rudolph Dirks, was born in Germany in 1877. At age seven Dirks moved with his family to the United States and by age seventeen Rudy had begun selling cartoons to Judge and Life magazines. In 1897 he was hired by the Hearst paper, The New York Journal. At that time, the paper's editor, Rudolf Block, was looking for a strip that could rival R. F. Outcault's The Yellow Kid . It happened that Block was familiar with the humorous German picture-book story Max und Moritz and, in Dirk's words, \"asked me to draw a strip emulating the work of Wilhelm Busch, whose drawings of children had been popular for more than 40 years. I submitted a number of sketches from which emerged the two kids which editor Block christened the Katzenjammer Kids.\" The first true comic strip was born.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.017176628112793, "source": "search", "title": "\"Mit Dose Kids, Society Is Nix!\" - Steve Stiles" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Shelley Fabares", "Shelly Fabares", "Michele Fabares", "Michele Ann Marie Fabares" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "shelley fabares", "shelly fabares", "michele fabares", "michele ann marie fabares" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "shelley fabares", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Shelley Fabares" }

[ { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "\"Johnny Angel\" is a song written and composed by Lyn Duddy and Lee Pockriss. The song was originally recorded by both Laurie Loman and Georgia Lee, however these two versions were not successful. It first became a popular hit single in 1962 when covered by Shelley Fabares who took it to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart. British singer Patti Lynn had a moderate hit with her remake of \"Johnny Angel\" the same year in the UK Singles Chart. The American pop music duo, The Carpenters also covered \"Johnny Angel\" in 1973 as part of a medley of oldies on side two of their album Now & Then.", "precise_score": 5.112916469573975, "rough_score": 3.456683397293091, "source": "wiki", "title": "Johnny Angel (song)" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "If you are a fan of Shelley Fabares and love listening to the girl singers from the late 50s early 60s you will really enjoy listening to this cd. Johnny Angel has always been my all time favorite song and I have always thought that Shelley had a beautiful singing voice. These songs have an innocence and charm to them that made this music very pleasant and relaxing to listen to. I love listening to all these songs and hearing this music makes me feel very happy. I love also listening to the other girl singers from that same time period- Connie Francis - Annette - Brenda Lee - Connie Stevens - Lesley Gore . You will be very happy to have this cd in your collection. By the way I am 51 years old and I am a child of the 60s and a teenager of the 70s - so I discovered this music in 1976 when I was 17. At that time no one my age was listening to this music or even heard of it. After listening to this music for 34 years it still gives me so much pleasure to hear it. If anyone would like to comment on my review I look forward to hearing from you. Jay", "precise_score": 2.866175651550293, "rough_score": -0.6951122283935547, "source": "search", "title": "Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "Shelley Fabares got her big break in the role of the teenage daughter in the long-running television family sitcom, The Donna Reed Show. Her national popularity led to a recording contract and she had two \"Top 40\" hits including \"Johnny Angel\" that went to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in April 1962. Fabares left the TV show for a career in film and starred in a number of motion pictures including three Elvis Presley movies: Girl Happy (1965), Spinout (1966) and Clambake (1967). Shelley Fabares is Annette Funicello's best friend. Shelley and Annette have been friends since they were young teenagers, and Shelley was a bridesmaid at Annette's first wedding. Shelley also played herself in A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes: The Annette Funicello Story. Fabares married Jan & Dean's record producer Lou Adler in June 1964 before separating in 1966. The couple would officially divorce many years later, in 1980.", "precise_score": 4.274080276489258, "rough_score": 5.811823844909668, "source": "search", "title": "The Official 60's Site-Teen Idols of the 50s and 60s" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "Shelley Fabares version", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.481175422668457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Johnny Angel (song)" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "\"Johnny Angel\" is the debut pop single by Shelley Fabares. Her cover version of the song was released in 1962 on the Colpix label. The track was the first single taken from Fabares' debut solo album Shelley!, which was produced and arranged by Stu Phillips.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8336293697357178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Johnny Angel (song)" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "*In the song The Beat of Black Wings, which appears on Joni Mitchell's album Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm, the words Johnny Angel are sung at the end of several lines, in the same style as the Shelley Fabares cover, in an apparent reference to the Fabares version of the song.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.500120639801025, "source": "wiki", "title": "Johnny Angel (song)" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.597550392150879, "source": "search", "title": "Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "Shelley Fabares", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441650390625, "source": "search", "title": "Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "This item:Johnny Angel by Shelley Fabares Audio CD $5.99", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.852104187011719, "source": "search", "title": "Shelley Fabares - Johnny Angel - Amazon.com Music" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "Johnny Angel by Shelley Fabares Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.492883205413818, "source": "search", "title": "Johnny Angel by Shelley Fabares Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Shelley Fabares", "passage": "Johnny Angel by Shelley Fabares Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.492883205413818, "source": "search", "title": "Johnny Angel by Shelley Fabares Songfacts" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "ISO 3166-1:VE", "Venezula", "Venezuela, RB", "Republica de Venezuela", "Venuzeula", "The Bolivarian Republic Of Venezuela", "Venizuela", "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela", "Venezuelan", "Venezuela", "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela", "Venazeula", "Bolivaria", "Republic of Venezuela", "Venezuala", "Venecuela", "Venzuela", "VENEZULEA", "República Bolivariana de Venezuela", "Etymology of Venezuela", "Benezuela", "Venzauela", "VEN", "Venezeula", "Republica de venezuela", "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)", "BRV", "Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of", "Name of Venezuela", "V'zuela" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "venazeula", "venezuela", "venezuala", "republic of venezuela", "venezulea", "venzauela", "venizuela", "bolivaria", "venezuela bolivarian republic of", "venezuelan", "venuzeula", "venecuela", "benezuela", "iso 3166 1 ve", "venzuela", "venezula", "ven", "bolivarian republic of venezuela", "venezuela rb", "venezeula", "republica bolivariana de venezuela", "v zuela", "república bolivariana de venezuela", "brv", "name of venezuela", "republica de venezuela", "etymology of venezuela" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "venezuela", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Venezuela" }

[ { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "Viasa was envisioned by the government of Venezuela in 1959 to create a new company that could serve as the country's flag carrier and run without government intervention. It was set up in 1960 when the international routes operated by Línea Aeropostal Venezolana (LAV) and Avensa were merged and taken over by the newly created carrier. The government contributed 55% of the capital, while private investors — among which were LAV and Avensa, the latter owned by Grupo Boulton and Pan American World Airways—contributed with the remainder. The board of directors came entirely from the private sector. The first president of the airline was Mr. R. van den Branden; the first chairman of the board was Mr. Oscar Augusto Machado Zuloaga, a very competent and well liked gentleman, who was instrumental in Viasa's commercial success and immediate acceptance by the market.", "precise_score": 6.423890590667725, "rough_score": 6.4599385261535645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Viasa began as an entity in . In early 1961, the airline signed an agreement with KLM to operate a Douglas DC-8 on Viasa's behalf, aimed at starting operations to Europe in April that year; KLM maintained a nurturing relationship with Viasa for another 24 years. In the same year, Avensa transferred two Douglas DC-6Bs to the company, as well as an order for a Convair 880-22M. Viasa boosted their Convair 880 order by purchasing another one. The airline flew the type mostly on routes to North America. Also in 1961, the airline joined the International Air Transport Association, becoming its overall 89th member. In 1963, Viasa started a commercial agreement with Iberia and KLM for the operations through the mid-Atlantic. The same year, a third Convair 880 was ordered; later that year, the type was chartered to KLM for flying on the Dutch airline's Caribbean routes. Until the first DC-8-50 the company had ordered in early 1965 was delivered, long-haul services using the type were provided with wet-leased aircraft from KLM. By , the first DC-8-50 was already forming part of the company's fleet along with the three Convair 880s, while an additional DC-8-50 was on order. To complement these two DC-8-50s, the carrier ordered two Douglas DC-8-63s in early 1967. Two Convair 880s were sold to Cathay Pacific in mid-1967. Also in 1967, Viasa started up a Panamanian airline named Panameña Internacional de Aviación SA (PAISA), with KLM support; This company started operations on 3 May 1967 with two DC-9-10s leased to VIASA from Avensa, which were in turn sub-leased to PAISA. In 1968, VIASA set up a wholly owned, non-IATA member, national cargo airline named Transportes Aereos de Carga SA, more commonly known as Transcarga, which in its beginnings served Caracas, Curaçao, Maracaibo, Miami and New York. ", "precise_score": 3.82296085357666, "rough_score": 2.9586563110351562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "By , Viasa's fleet strength was eight: two DC-8-63s, two DC-8-50s, a DC-8-50F, a Convair 880, and two DC-9-10s. In Viasa renewed the pool agreement with KLM and Iberia on their Caribbean–Europe services; to this purpose the company signed another agreement with KLM in 1972, this time for the lease of a Boeing 747-200B that was put on service on a weekly round-trip Caracas–Madrid–Paris flight in . This event was a milestone for Viasa, as it became the first South American carrier in operating wide-body aircraft across the Atlantic. Through KLM, the company also placed an order for two McDonnell Douglas DC-10s the same year, and bought two Douglas DC-8-33s from the Dutch carrier as well. Also in 1972, the route network saw the incorporation of Washington and Toronto.", "precise_score": 2.5704901218414307, "rough_score": 2.994429111480713, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "Iberia apparently milked the airline, (some Venezuelans point at this as one of Viasa's causes of bankruptcy). While it could be argued that it was not wise to sell a government owned losing company to another government owned losing company, changing the old ways of Viasa was an uphill battle. ", "precise_score": 3.6926138401031494, "rough_score": 4.276867866516113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "Venezolana Internacional de Aviación Sociedad Anónima (), or VIASA for short, was the Venezuelan flag carrier between 1960 and 1997. It was headquartered in the Torre Viasa in Caracas. Launched in 1960, it was nationalised in 1975 due to financial problems, and re-privatised in 1991, with the major stake going to Iberia. The company ceased operations in , and went into liquidation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.17525538802146912, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "By 1975 the airline, which had been a model of management and had returned a profit every year since its creation, began showing a disease typical of many other airlines, as, plagued by rising fuel costs and union problems, it posted its first ever loss for the fiscal October 1975 – September 1976 year. The government intervened by nationalising the airline and thus began its downturn, not noticeable at first since Venezuela's economy was strong backed by high oil income and the government did not mind pumping in money to cover mounting losses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.807941436767578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "The red ink continued to flow and, with the new government policies adopted in 1989, Viasa became the immediate target for privatisation. The initial plans of the government intended to allocate 60% of the company with private investors, keeping 20% of the shares, and transferring the balance to the airline workers. In , Iberia and KLM were approved as bidders in the privatisation process, the former teaming up with Venezuela's Banco Provincial, and the latter partnering with Northwest Airlines and another four local entities. Iberia was the only bidder left with an  million offer, after KLM stepped aside citing that a price of  million for 60% of the shares was too high. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8570260405540466, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "According to Aviation Safety Network, Viasa experienced five accidents/incidents events throughout its history, with two of them being deadly ones, yielding a combined death toll of 216 fatalities, plus a hijacking episode. The two deadly accidents occurred with leased aircraft. Following is a list of the events that carried with the hull-loss of the aircraft involved. The worst accident experienced by the company, and also the worst aviation disaster at the time it took place, occurred in , and killed all 84 occupants of the aircraft plus 71 people on the ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7074897289276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Viasa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Information about dual nationality or the prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website.  For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information page .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.340497970581055, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Messages regarding weather-related events are posted on the Embassy’s website .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.504250526428223, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "In the event of an emergency, contact the State Department’s Overseas Citizen Services at 1-888-407-4747 toll-free within the United States and Canada, or via a regular toll line, 1-202-501-4444, from other countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.115551948547363, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Drugs: Recreational drugs available in Vietnam can be extremely dangerous and can result in death.    Drugs sold in Vietnam may be fake, synthetic, or laced with toxic ingredients undetectable to the buyer.  You should also avoid purchasing liquor from street vendors, as the authenticity of the contents cannot be assured.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495797157287598, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Some travelers have reportedly been victims of sexual assault while traveling in Vietnam. Victims of sexual assault should be aware that services for victims, including police responsiveness to reports, are generally inadequate by Western standards. Nonetheless, victims of sexual assault should immediately report incidents to local police and seek appropriate medical treatment. Victims should also report these incidents to the U.S. Embassy in Hanoi or the Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26696491241455, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Criminal Penalties:  Persons violating Vietnamese laws, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned.  Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Vietnam are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines, or even the death penalty.  In Vietnam, you may be taken in for questioning if you do not have proper ID, such as a passport or a copy of your visa.  In Vietnam, driving under the influence of alcohol could lead to immediate imprisonment.  If you break local laws in Vietnam, your U.S. passport will not help you avoid arrest or prosecution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400593757629395, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Exports: Vietnamese law prohibits the export of antiques.  However, these laws are vague and unevenly enforced.  Customs authorities may inspect and seize your antiques without compensating you and the determination of what is an \"antique\" can be arbitrary.  If you purchase non-antique items of value, you should retain receipts and confirmation from shop owners and/or the Ministry of Culture and the Customs Department to prevent seizure when you leave the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378854751586914, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Association with Groups: Persons whom the Government of Vietnam perceives to be associated with dissident or political groups may be denied entry to Vietnam, prevented from departing, detained, interrogated, or placed under serveillance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331113815307617, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "LGBT Rights: There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBT events in Vietnam.  For more detailed information about LGBT rights in Vietnam, you may review the State Department’s annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices .  For further information on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) travel, please read our LGBT Travel Information page.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.307079315185547, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Pedestrians should always look carefully in both directions before crossing streets, even when using a marked crosswalk with a green \"walk\" light illuminated. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46357250213623, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who is sent back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents in high school and accidentally becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown, Marty's friend who helps him repair the damage to history by advising Marty how to cause his parents to fall in love. Marty and Doc must also find a way to return Marty to 1985.", "precise_score": 10.553191184997559, "rough_score": 9.164421081542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Back to the Future opened on July 3, 1985, on 1,200 screens in North America. Zemeckis was concerned the film would flop because Fox had to film a Family Ties special in London and was unable to promote the film. Gale was also dissatisfied with Universal Pictures' tagline \"Are you telling me my mother's got the hots for me?\".", "precise_score": 6.200207233428955, "rough_score": 3.972102165222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times felt Back to the Future had similar themes to the films of Frank Capra, especially It's a Wonderful Life. Ebert commented \"[Producer] Steven Spielberg is emulating the great authentic past of Classical Hollywood cinema, who specialized in matching the right director (Robert Zemeckis) with the right project.\" He gave the film 3 1/2 out of 4 stars. Janet Maslin of The New York Times believed the film had a balanced storyline: \"It's a cinematic inventing of humor and whimsical tall tales for a long time to come.\" Christopher Null, who first saw the film as a teenager, called it \"a quintessential 1980s flick that combines science fiction, action, comedy, and romance all into a perfect little package that kids and adults will both devour.\" Dave Kehr of Chicago Reader felt Gale and Zemeckis wrote a script that perfectly balanced science fiction, seriousness and humor. Variety praised the performances, arguing Fox and Lloyd imbued Marty and Doc Brown's friendship with a quality reminiscent of King Arthur and Merlin. BBC News lauded the intricacies of the \"outstandingly executed\" script, remarking that \"nobody says anything that doesn't become important to the plot later.\" Back to the Future appeared on Gene Siskel's top ten film list of 1985. ", "precise_score": 7.08011531829834, "rough_score": 1.7169561386108398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "At the 58th Academy Awards, Back to the Future won for Best Sound Effects Editing, while Zemeckis and Gale were nominated for Best Original Screenplay, \"The Power of Love\" was nominated for Best Original Song, and Bill Varney, B. Tennyson Sebastian II, Robert Thirlwell and William B. Kaplan were nominated for Best Sound Mixing. The film won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. Michael J. Fox and the visual effects designers won categories at the Saturn Awards. Zemeckis, composer Alan Silvestri, the costume design and supporting actors Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover and Thomas F. Wilson were also nominated. The film was nominated for numerous BAFTAs at the 39th British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film, original screenplay, visual effects, production design and editing. At the 43rd Golden Globe Awards, Back to the Future was nominated for Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy), original song (for \"The Power of Love\"), Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Fox) and Best Screenplay for Zemeckis and Gale. ", "precise_score": 4.860001564025879, "rough_score": 0.9714000821113586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "A musical theater production, also called Back to the Future, is in development for a debut in London's West End theatre during the film's 30th anniversary in 2015. Zemeckis and Gale reunited to write the play, while Silvestri and Glen Ballard provide music. ", "precise_score": 5.308817386627197, "rough_score": 2.5387659072875977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "After Romancing, the director suddenly had the clout to direct his time-traveling screenplay, which was titled Back to the Future. Starring Michael J. Fox, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Christopher Lloyd, the 1985 film was wildly successful upon its release, and was followed by two sequels, released as Back to the Future Part II in 1989 and Back to the Future Part III in 1990. Before the Back to the Future sequels were released, Zemeckis collaborated with Disney and directed another film, the madcap 1940s-set mystery Who Framed Roger Rabbit, which painstakingly combined traditional animation and live action; its US$70 million budget made it one of the most expensive films made up to that point. The film was both a financial and critical success, and won three Academy Awards. In 1990, Zemeckis commented, when asked if he would want to make non-comedies, \"I would like to be able to do everything. Just now, though, I'm too restless to do anything that's not really zany.\"", "precise_score": 8.748944282531738, "rough_score": 8.877373695373535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "On January 31, 2014, it was announced that a stage musical adaptation of Zemeckis's first [Back to the Future film was in production. The show will be co-written by original writers Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale. According to Gale, the musical will be \"true to the spirit of the film without being a slavish remake\". ", "precise_score": 6.850860595703125, "rough_score": 5.392861366271973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Back to the Future is an American science fiction/comedy movie directed by Robert Zemeckis and released in 1985 . It is about a young man named Marty McFly who accidentally travels into the past and jeopardizes his own future existence. The film was followed by two sequels, Back to the Future Part II ( 1989 ), and Back to the Future Part III ( 1990 ), forming a trilogy .", "precise_score": 10.941115379333496, "rough_score": 10.023575782775879, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Back to the Future was written by Bob Gale and Zemeckis, and starred Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd . The movie opened on July 3 , 1985 and grossed $210 million at the US box office, making it the highest grossing film of 1985. [1] On December 17 , 2002 , Universal Studios Home Entertainment released Back to the Future: The Complete Trilogy on DVD and VHS .", "precise_score": 8.428556442260742, "rough_score": 8.52590274810791, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "The film's musical score was by Alan Silvestri , who later wrote music for Forrest Gump and numerous other films, many of them directed by Robert Zemeckis. The memorable themes in his Back to the Future Suite have since been heard in the film's sequels (also scored by Silvestri), in Back to the Future: The Ride , and as ambient music at the Universal Studios theme parks. The hip, upbeat soundtrack, featuring two new songs by Huey Lewis and the News , also contributed to the film's popularity. \" The Power of Love \" became the band's first song to hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for an Academy Award . Huey Lewis himself played the high-school band audition judge that rejects Michael J. Fox's band, The Pinheads , as they perform \"The Power of Love.\" The film's soundtrack, which was available on compact disc , also included songs by Eric Clapton , Lindsay Buckingham , Etta James and others. Two 1950s hits Marty encounters when he arrives in 1955, Mr. Sandman by the Four Aces and the Fess Parker recording of The Ballad of Davy Crockett , were not included on the CD release. The material ostensibly by Marty McFly, Marvin Berry and the Starlighters was recorded by Harry Waters, Jr. as Marvin Berry and Mark Campbell as Marty McFly, and the guitar solo by Tim May . (Campbell and May received a Special Thanks acknowledgment in the film's end credits, with the recording credit going to the fictional characters). Berry's group also plays the song \" Night Train \", first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951 . [8]", "precise_score": 6.008501052856445, "rough_score": 2.4433555603027344, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Steven Allan Spielberg (born on December 18 , 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer and studio executive. He was the executive producer of all three installments of the Back to the Future trilogy , and has been given credit by producer Bob Gale and director Robert Zemeckis for helping them realize their dream of bringing Back to the Future to the screen.", "precise_score": 9.303441047668457, "rough_score": 7.086364269256592, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "When Robert Zemeckis successfully directed Romancing the Stone to box-office success in 1984 , he recounts, people who had rejected Back to the Future were eager to back the film. Zemeckis and Gale went back to the one person who had believed in them, and Spielberg's Amblin Productions was their choice when the film began production in 1984 for Universal Studios.", "precise_score": 8.619284629821777, "rough_score": 9.186991691589355, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis and Gale give credit to Spielberg for protecting the film from a change in title that had been insisted upon by Universal's Sid Sheinberg . Sheinberg was adamant that he wanted the film to be called Spaceman From Pluto, on the grounds that no film with word \"future\" in its title had ever been successful. The Bobs give full credit to Spielberg, who responded to Sheinberg with thanks for his \"humorous memo\", for saving the film. Zemeckis commented that Spielberg earned every penny he got from the trilogy. Spielberg was executive producer on Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III", "precise_score": 5.354464530944824, "rough_score": 2.559272050857544, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "As the Robert Zemeckis-directed film celebrates 30 years since its release, the movie's team takes a look back at its surprisingly rocky production.", "precise_score": 0.7755840420722961, "rough_score": 1.0853700637817383, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "‎Back to the Future (1985) directed by Robert Zemeckis • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd", "precise_score": 10.650238990783691, "rough_score": 10.507740020751953, "source": "search", "title": "‎Back to the Future (1985) directed by Robert Zemeckis ..." }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale mused upon whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school together. Various film studios rejected the script until the financial success of Zemeckis' Romancing the Stone. Zemeckis approached Steven Spielberg, who agreed to produce the project at Amblin Entertainment, with Universal Pictures as distributor. The first choice for the role of Marty McFly was Michael J. Fox. However, he was busy filming his television series Family Ties and the show's producers would not allow him to star in the film. Consequently, Eric Stoltz was cast in the role. During filming, Stoltz and the filmmakers decided that the role was miscast, and Fox was again approached for the part. Now with more flexibility in his schedule and the blessing of his show's producers, Fox managed to work out a timetable in which he could give enough time and commitment to both.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.501132011413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Writer and producer Bob Gale conceived the idea after he visited his parents in St. Louis, Missouri after the release of Used Cars. Searching their basement, Gale found his father's high school yearbook and discovered he was president of his graduating class. Gale thought about the president of his own graduating class, who was someone he had nothing to do with. Gale wondered whether he would have been friends with his father if they went to high school together. When he returned to California, he told Robert Zemeckis his new concept.Klastornin, Hibbin (1990), pp. 1–10 Zemeckis subsequently thought of a mother claiming she never kissed a boy at school when, in fact, she was highly promiscuous. The two took the project to Columbia Pictures, and made a development deal for a script in September 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.79770565032959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis and Gale said that they had set the story in 1955 because a 17-year-old traveling to meet his parents at the same age arithmetically required the script to travel to that decade. The era also marked the rise of teenagers as an important cultural element, the birth of rock n' roll, and suburb expansion, which would flavor the story. In an early script, the time machine was designed as a refrigerator, and its user needed to use the power of an atomic explosion at the Nevada Test Site to return home. Zemeckis was \"concerned that kids would accidentally lock themselves in refrigerators\", and found that it would be more convenient if the time machine were mobile. The DeLorean DMC-12 was chosen because its design made the gag about the family of farmers mistaking it for a flying saucer believable. Zemeckis and Gale found it difficult to create a believable friendship between Marty and Brown before they created the giant guitar amplifier, and only resolved his Oedipal relationship with his mother when they wrote the line \"It's like I'm kissing my brother.\" Biff Tannen was named after studio executive Ned Tanen, who behaved aggressively toward Zemeckis and Gale during a script meeting for I Wanna Hold Your Hand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.130470275878906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "The first draft of Back to the Future was finished in February 1981 and presented to Columbia, who put the film in turnaround. \"They thought it was a really nice, cute, warm film, but not sexual enough,\" Gale said. \"They suggested that we take it to Disney, but we decided to see if any other of the major studios wanted a piece of us.\" Every major film studio rejected the script for the next four years, while Back to the Future went through two more drafts. During the early 1980s, popular teen comedies (such as Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Porky's) were risqué and adult-aimed, so the script was commonly rejected for being too light. Gale and Zemeckis finally decided to pitch Back to the Future to Disney. \"They told us that a mother falling in love with her son was not appropriate for a family film under the Disney banner,\" Gale said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6759194135665894, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "The two were tempted to ally themselves with Steven Spielberg, who produced Used Cars and I Wanna Hold Your Hand, which were both box office bombs. Zemeckis and Gale initially had shown the screenplay to Spielberg, who had \"loved\" it. Spielberg, however, was absent from the project during development because Zemeckis felt if he produced another flop under him, he would never be able to make another film. Gale said \"we were afraid that we would get the reputation that we were two guys who could only get a job because we were pals with Steven Spielberg.\" Zemeckis chose to direct Romancing the Stone instead, which was a box office success. Now a high-profile director, Zemeckis reapproached Spielberg with the concept. Agreeing to produce Back to the Future, Spielberg set the project up at his production company, Amblin Entertainment, with Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall joining Spielberg as executive producers on the film. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.84091329574585, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Executive Sidney Sheinberg made some suggestions to the script, changing Marty's mother's name from Meg to Lorraine (the name of his wife, actress Lorraine Gary), to change Brown's name from Professor Brown to Doc Brown and replace his pet chimpanzee with a dog. Sheinberg also wanted the title changed to Spaceman from Pluto, convinced no successful film ever had \"future\" in the title. He suggested Marty introduce himself as \"Darth Vader from the planet Pluto\" while dressed as an alien forcing his dad to ask out his mom (rather than \"the planet Vulcan\"), and that the farmer's son's comic book be titled Spaceman from Pluto rather than Space Zombies from Pluto. Appalled by the new title that Sheinberg wanted to impose, Zemeckis asked Spielberg for help. Spielberg subsequently dictated a memo back to Sheinberg, wherein Spielberg convinced him they thought his title was just a joke, thus embarrassing him into dropping the idea.McBride (1997), pp. 384–385 In addition, the original climax was deemed too expensive by Universal executives and was simplified by keeping the plot within Hill Valley and incorporating the clocktower sequence. Spielberg later used the omitted refrigerator and Nevada nuclear site elements in his film, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.372082710266113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Michael J. Fox was the first choice to play Marty McFly, but he was committed to the show Family Ties.Klastornin, Hibbin (1990), pp. 11–20 Family Ties producer Gary David Goldberg felt that Fox was essential to the show's success. With co-star Meredith Baxter on maternity leave, he refused to allow Fox time off to work on a film. Back to the Future was originally scheduled for a May 1985 release and it was late 1984 when it was learned that Fox would be unable to star in the film. Zemeckis' next two choices were C. Thomas Howell and Eric Stoltz. Stoltz impressed the producers enough with his earlier portrayal of Roy L. Dennis in Mask (which had yet to be released) that they selected him to play Marty McFly. Because of the difficult casting process, the start date was pushed back twice.Kagan (2003), pp. 63–92", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.839442253112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Four weeks into filming, Zemeckis determined Stoltz had been miscast. Although he and Spielberg realized re-shooting the film would add $3 million to the $14 million budget, they decided to recast. Spielberg explained Zemeckis felt Stoltz was not comedic enough and gave a \"terrifically dramatic performance\". Gale further explained they felt Stoltz was simply acting out the role, whereas Fox himself had a personality like Marty McFly. He felt Stoltz was uncomfortable riding a skateboard, whereas Fox was not. Stoltz confessed to director Peter Bogdanovich during a phone call, two weeks into the shoot, that he was unsure of Zemeckis and Gale's direction, and concurred that he was wrong for the role.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.720600128173828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Fox's schedule was opened up in January 1985 when Baxter returned to Family Ties following her pregnancy. The Back to the Future crew met with Goldberg again, who made a deal that Fox's main priority would be Family Ties, and if a scheduling conflict arose, \"we win\". Fox loved the script and was impressed by Zemeckis and Gale's sensitivity in releasing Stoltz, because they nevertheless \"spoke very highly of him\". Per Welinder and Bob Schmelzer assisted on the skateboarding scenes.Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale. (2005). Back to the Future: The Complete Trilogy DVD commentary for part 1 [DVD]. Universal Pictures. Fox found his portrayal of Marty McFly to be very personal. \"All I did in high school was skateboard, chase girls and play in bands. I even dreamed of becoming a rock star.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.171402931213379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Christopher Lloyd was cast as Doc Brown after the first choice, John Lithgow, became unavailable. Having worked with Lloyd on The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai (1984), producer Neil Canton suggested him for the part. Lloyd originally turned down the role, but changed his mind after reading the script and at the persistence of his wife. He improvised some of his scenes, taking inspiration from Albert Einstein and conductor Leopold Stokowski. Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale Q&A, Back to the Future [2002 DVD], recorded at the University of Southern California Brown pronounces gigawatts as \"jigawatts\", which was the way a physicist said the word when he met with Zemeckis and Gale as they researched the script, rather than with an initial hard \"g\", although both pronunciations are acceptable. Doc Brown's notable hunch came about because at 6'1\" Lloyd was considerably taller than Fox at 5'5\", and they needed to look closer in height. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.135071754455566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Crispin Glover played George McFly. Zemeckis said Glover improvised much of George's nerdy mannerisms, such as his shaky hands. The director joked he was \"endlessly throwing a net over Crispin because he was completely off about fifty percent of the time in his interpretation of the character\". Due to a contract disagreement, Glover was replaced by Jeffrey Weissman in Part II and Part III. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.024580001831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Following Stoltz's departure, Fox's schedule during weekdays consisted of filming Family Ties during the day, and Back to the Future from 6:30 pm to 2:30 am. He averaged five hours of sleep each night. During Fridays, he shot from 10 pm to 6 or 7 am, and then moved on to film exterior scenes throughout the weekend, as only then was he available during daytime hours. Fox found it exhausting, but \"it was my dream to be in the film and television business, although I didn't know I'd be in them simultaneously. It was just this weird ride and I got on.\"Michael J. Fox, Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale, Steven Spielberg, Alan Silvestri, The Making of Back to the Future (television special), 1985, NBC Zemeckis concurred, dubbing Back to the Future \"the film that would not wrap\". He recalled that because they shot night after night, he was always \"half asleep\" and the \"fattest, most out-of-shape and sick I ever was\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.814591407775879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Filming wrapped after 100 days on April 20, 1985, and the film was delayed from May to August. But after a highly positive test screening (\"I'd never seen a preview like that,\" said Frank Marshall, \"the audience went up to the ceiling\"), Sheinberg chose to move the release date to July 3. To make sure the film met this new date, two editors, Arthur Schmidt and Harry Keramidas, were assigned to the picture, while many sound editors worked 24-hour shifts on the film. Eight minutes were cut, including Marty watching his mom cheat during an exam, George getting stuck in a telephone booth before rescuing Lorraine, as well as much of Marty pretending to be Darth Vader. Zemeckis almost cut out the \"Johnny B. Goode\" sequence as he felt it did not advance the story, but the preview audience loved it, so it was kept. Industrial Light & Magic created the film's 32 effects shots, which did not satisfy Zemeckis and Gale until a week before the film's completion date. The compositing involved for the film's time travel sequences, as well as for the lightning effects in the climactic clock tower scene, was handled by animation supervisor Wes Takahashi, who would also work on the subsequent two Back to the Future films with the rest of the ILM crew. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.5784273147583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Alan Silvestri collaborated with Zemeckis on Romancing the Stone, but Spielberg disliked that film's score. Zemeckis advised Silvestri to make his compositions grand and epic, despite the film's small scale, to impress Spielberg. Silvestri began recording the score two weeks before the first preview. He also suggested Huey Lewis and the News create the theme song. Their first attempt was rejected by Universal, before they recorded \"The Power of Love\". The studio loved the final song, but were disappointed it did not feature the film's title, so they had to send memos to radio stations to always mention its association with Back to the Future. In the end, the track \"Back in Time\" was featured in the film, playing during the scene when Marty wakes up after his return to 1985 and also during the end credits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.209443092346191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an American filmmaker and screenwriter. Zemeckis is credited as one of the greatest \"visual storytellers\" in filmmaking and is a pioneer of visual effects. He has directed some of the biggest blockbuster hits of the past few decades. He first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of Romancing the Stone (1984) and the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy, as well as the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). In the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare, including 1994's Forrest Gump, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. The films he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres, for both adults and families.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3970812261104584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "His films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects, including the early use of the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage in Back to the Future Part II (1989), and in Forrest Gump and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express (2004), Beowulf (2007) and A Christmas Carol (2009). Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in effects, his work has been defended by several critics, including David Thomson, who wrote that \"No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose.\"Robert Zemeckis profile, The New Biographical Dictionary of Film by David Thomson (2002 ed.); ISBN 0-375-70940-1, pp. 958-59.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6089730262756348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Rosa (née Nespeca)[http://www.arquatadeltronto.com/it/news/323-arquata-un-paese-da-oscar-secondo-robert-zemeckis.html ARQUATA: UN PAESE DA OSCAR SECONDO ROBERT ZEMECKIS] arquatadeltronto.com and Alphonse Zemeckis. His father was Lithuanian American and his mother was Italian. Zemeckis grew up on the south side of the city. He attended a Roman Catholic grade school and Fenger Academy High School. Zemeckis has said \"the truth was that in my family there was no art. I mean, there was no music, there were no books, there was no theater... The only thing I had that was inspirational, was television—and it actually was.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.183924674987793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "As a child, he loved television and was fascinated by his parents' 8 mm film home movie camera. Starting off by filming family events like birthdays and holidays, he gradually began producing narrative films with his friends that incorporated stop-motion work and other special effects. Along with enjoying movies, Zemeckis remained an avid TV watcher. \"You hear so much about the problems with television,\" he said, \"but I think that it saved my life.\" Television gave Zemeckis his first glimpse of a world outside of his blue-collar upbringing; specifically, he learned of the existence of film schools on an episode of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. After seeing Bonnie and Clyde with his father and being heavily influenced by it, Zemeckis decided that he wanted to go to film school. His parents disapproved of the idea, Zemeckis later said, \"But only in the sense that they were concerned... for my family and my friends and the world that I grew up in, this was the kind of dream that really was impossible. My parents would sit there and say, 'Don't you see where you come from? You can't be a movie director.' I guess maybe some of it I felt I had to do in spite of them, too.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.477104187011719, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis applied only to University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts, and went into the Film School on the strength of an essay and a music video based on a Beatles song. Not having heard from the university itself, Zemeckis called and was told he had been rejected because of his average grades. The director gave an \"impassioned plea\" to the official on the other line, promising to go to summer school and improve his studies, and eventually convinced the school to accept him. Arriving at USC that fall, Zemeckis encountered a program that was, in his words, made up of \"a bunch of hippies [and] considered an embarrassment by the university.\" The classes were difficult, with professors constantly stressing how hard the movie business was. Zemeckis remembered not being much fazed by this, citing the \"healthy cynicism\" that had been bred into him from his Chicago upbringing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.001208305358887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "While at USC, Zemeckis developed a close friendship with the writer Bob Gale, who was also a student there. Gale later recalled, \"The graduate students at USC had this veneer of intellectualism...So Bob and I gravitated toward one another because we wanted to make Hollywood movies. We weren't interested in the French New Wave. We were interested in Clint Eastwood and James Bond and Walt Disney, because that's how we grew up.\"Shone, Tom. Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned To Stop Worrying And Love The Summer. New York: Free Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-3568-1 p. 123-125. Zemeckis graduated from USC in 1973. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811326026916504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "As a result of winning a Student Academy Award at USC for his film, A Field of Honor, Zemeckis came to the attention of Steven Spielberg. Spielberg said, \"He barged right past my secretary and sat me down and showed me this student film...and I thought it was spectacular, with police cars and a riot, all dubbed to Elmer Bernstein's score for The Great Escape.\" Spielberg became Zemeckis's mentor and executive produced his first two films, both of which Zemeckis co-wrote with Gale. He later executive produced other Zemeckis films, including the Back to the Future trilogy and Who Framed Roger Rabbit. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.845427989959717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), starring Nancy Allen, and Used Cars (1980), starring Kurt Russell, were well-received critically but were commercial failures. I Wanna Hold Your Hand was the first of several Zemeckis films to incorporate historical figures and celebrities into his movies. In the film, he used archival footage and doubles to simulate the presence of The Beatles. After the failure of his first two films, and the Spielberg-directed bomb 1941 in 1979 (for which Zemeckis and Gale had written the screenplay), the pair gained a reputation for writing \"scripts that everyone thought were great [but] somehow didn't translate into movies people wanted to see.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.714677810668945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "As a result of his reputation within the industry, Zemeckis had trouble finding work in the early 1980s, though he and Gale kept busy. They wrote scripts for other directors, including Car Pool for Brian De Palma and Growing Up for Spielberg; neither ended up getting made. Another Zemeckis-Gale project, about a teenager who accidentally travels back in time to the 1950s, was turned down by every major studio.Horowitz, Mark. \"Back with a Future\", American Film, July/August 1988. pp. 32-35. The director was jobless until Michael Douglas hired him in 1984 to film Romancing the Stone. A romantic adventure starring Douglas and Kathleen Turner, Romancing was expected to flop (to the point that, after viewing a rough cut of the film, the producers of the then-in-the-works Cocoon fired Zemeckis as director), but the film became a sleeper hit. While working on Romancing the Stone, Zemeckis met composer Alan Silvestri, who has scored all of his subsequent pictures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0059194564819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "In 1992, Zemeckis directed the black comedy Death Becomes Her, starring Meryl Streep, Goldie Hawn and Bruce Willis. Although his next film would have some comedic elements, it was Zemeckis's first with dramatic elements, and was also his biggest commercial success to date, Forrest Gump (1994). Starring Tom Hanks in the title role, and borrowing to some extent from Woody Allen's earlier Zelig, Forrest Gump tells the story of a man with a low I.Q., who unwittingly participates in some of the major events of the twentieth century, falls in love, and interacts with several major historical figures in the process. The film grossed $677 million worldwide and became the top grossing U.S. film of 1994; it won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor (for Hanks) and Best Director (for Zemeckis). In 1997, Zemeckis directed Contact, a long-gestating project based on Carl Sagan's 1985 novel of the same name. The film centers on Eleanor Arroway, a scientist played by Jodie Foster, who believes she has made contact with extraterrestrial beings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.033726215362549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "In 1999, Zemeckis donated $5 million towards the Robert Zemeckis Center for Digital Arts at USC, a 35000 sqft center. When the Center opened in March 2001, Zemeckis spoke in a panel about the future of film, alongside friends Steven Spielberg and George Lucas. Of those (including Spielberg) who clung to celluloid and disparaged the idea of shooting digitally, Zemeckis said, \"These guys are the same ones who have been saying that LPs sound better than CDs. You can argue that until you're blue in the face, but I don't know anyone who's still buying vinyl. Film, as we have traditionally thought of it, is going to be different. But the continuum is man's desire to tell stories around the campfire. The only thing that keeps changing is the campfire.\" The Robert Zemeckis Center currently hosts many film school classes, much of the Interactive Media Division, and Trojan Vision, USC's student television station, which has been voted the number one college television station in the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.488098621368408, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "In 1996, Zemeckis had begun developing a project titled The Castaway with Tom Hanks and writer William Broyles, Jr.. The story, which was inspired by Robinson Crusoe, is about a man (Hanks) who becomes stranded on a desert island and undergoes a profound physical and spiritual change.[http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,277168,00.html Fall Movie Preview: December], Entertainment Weekly, 2000-08-18; retrieved 2007-09-11. While working on The Castaway, Zemeckis also became attached to a Hitchcockian thriller titled What Lies Beneath, the story of a married couple experiencing an extreme case of empty nest syndrome that was based on an idea by Steven Spielberg. Because Hanks's character needed to undergo a dramatic weight loss over the course of The Castaway (which was eventually retitled Cast Away), Zemeckis decided that the only way to retain the same crew while Hanks lost the weight was to shoot What Lies Beneath in between. He shot the first part of Cast Away in early 1999, and shot What Lies Beneath in fall 1999, completing work on Cast Away in early 2000. Zemeckis later quipped, when asked about shooting two films back-to-back, \"I wouldn't recommend it to anyone.\" What Lies Beneath, starring Harrison Ford and Michelle Pfeiffer, was released in July 2000 to mixed reviews, but did well at the box office, grossing over $155 million, domestically. Cast Away was released that December and grossed $233 million domestically; Hanks received an Oscar nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Chuck Noland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.296741485595703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "In 2004, Zemeckis reteamed with Hanks and directed The Polar Express, based on the children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. The Polar Express utilized the computer animation technique known as performance capture, whereby the movements of the actors are captured digitally and used as the basis for the animated characters. As the first major film to use performance capture, The Polar Express caused The New York Times to write that, \"Whatever critics and audiences make of this movie, from a technical perspective it could mark a turning point in the gradual transition from an analog to a digital cinema.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.4182710647583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "In February 2007, Zemeckis and Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook announced plans for a new performance capture film company devoted to CG-created, 3-D movies. The company, ImageMovers Digital, created films using the performance capture technology, with Zemeckis directing most of the projects and Disney distributed and marketed the motion pictures worldwide. Zemeckis used the performance capture technology again in his film, Beowulf, which retells the Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the same name and starred Ray Winstone, Angelina Jolie, and Anthony Hopkins. Neil Gaiman, who co-wrote the adaptation with Roger Avary, described the film as a \"cheerfully violent and strange take on the Beowulf legend.\" The film was released on November 16, 2007, to mostly positive reviews.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.204238891601562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "In July 2007, Variety announced that Zemeckis had written a screenplay for A Christmas Carol, based on Charles Dickens' 1843 short story of the same name, with plans to use performance capture and release it under the aegis of ImageMovers Digital. Zemeckis wrote the script with Jim Carrey in mind, and Carrey agreed to play a multitude of roles in the film, including Ebenezer Scrooge as a young, middle-aged, and old man, and the three ghosts who haunt Scrooge. The film began production in February 2008, and was released on November 6, 2009, again to mixed reviews. Actor Gary Oldman also appeared in the film. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0730485916137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "In August 2008, Movies IGN revealed in an interview with Philippe Petit that Zemeckis was working with Petit to turn Petit's memoir To Reach the Clouds into a feature film. Robert Zemeckis was either seriously considered to, or attached to direct the 2005 version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Zemeckis is an avid supporter of 3-D Digital Cinema, and has stated that, starting with the 3-D presentations of Beowulf, all of his future films would be done in 3-D using digital motion capture. He has reportedly backed away from that statement and said that the decision to use 3-D will be on a film-by-film basis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.098109245300293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "On August 19, 2009, it was reported that Zemeckis and his company were in talks with Apple Corps Ltd to remake the animated film Yellow Submarine in 3-D once again utilizing performance capture. However, on March 12, 2010, with Zemeckis' biggest Disney ally gone, former chairman Dick Cook, and amid drastic cost-cutting by the new management team, Disney announced that it was ending its relationship with ImageMovers Digital. The studio's final film, 2011's Zemeckis-produced Mars Needs Moms, was the second worst box office failure in history, with a net loss of roughly $130 million. Zemeckis made his return to live-action filmmaking with Flight, a 2012 drama for Paramount, starring Denzel Washington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.9128999710083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "As of April 2014, Zemeckis was working on his next movie, entitled The Walk, a biographical film based on the life of French high-wire professional Philippe Petit, the man who tight rope walked between the World Trade Center towers in 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.7661714553833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox announced in February 2015 that Zemeckis would direct Brad Pitt in a romantic thriller set during World War II. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687796592712402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis has said that, for a long time, he sacrificed his personal life in favor of a career. \"I won an Academy Award when I was 44 years old,\" he explained, \"but I paid for it with my 20s. That decade of my life from film school till 30 was nothing but work, nothing but absolute, driving work. I had no money. I had no life.\" In the early 1980s, Zemeckis married actress Mary Ellen Trainor, with whom he had a son, Alexander Francis. He described the marriage as difficult to balance with filmmaking, and his relationship with Trainor eventually ended in divorce. On December 4, 2001, he married actress Leslie Harter, with whom he has two children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.150635719299316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis is a private pilot who has logged approximately 1,600 hours of flight time as of October 2012. He flies a Cirrus SR20, known for having a parachute that safely lowers the plane to the ground in case of an emergency. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.454214096069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "According to campaign donation records, Zemeckis has frequently contributed to political candidates affiliated with the Democratic Party, as well as PACs that support the interests of aircraft owners and pilots, family planning interests, and a group that advocates for Hollywood women. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381682395935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Robert Zemeckis" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Robert Zemeckis - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324441909790039, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Zemeckis - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "How much of Robert Zemeckis's work have you seen?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478096008300781, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Zemeckis - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Director: Robert Zemeckis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701338768005371, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Director: Robert Zemeckis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701338768005371, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Director: Robert Zemeckis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701338768005371, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis's 'Back To The Future' trilogy has been a childhood favourite for a long time. Having revisited it today, brought me to a nostalgic state. The 80's saw a lot of excellent original fun 'young' films like 'Back To The Future' (of course), 'Better Off Dead', 'Heathers', 'The Breakfast Club' etc. What really made these films immensely enjoyable then, and classics today, is that they really reflected what it was like being a young person in the 80s. The movies themselves were well written, well executed, well acted and they cut straight to the point.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7940962314605713, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future (1985) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Robert Zemeckis pitched the idea to several companies. Disney turned it down because they thought that a story involving a mother falling in love with her son was too risqué, even if it was a twist of time travel. All other companies said it was not risqué enough, compared to the other teen comedies at the time (see Porky's , Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982) and Revenge of the Nerds (1984)).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125479698181152, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Sid Sheinberg , the head of Universal Pictures, made many small changes to the movie. \"Professor Brown\" was changed to \"Doctor Brown\" and his chimp Shemp to a dog named Einstein . Marty's mother had previously been Meg, then Eileen, but Sid Sheinberg insisted that she be named Lorraine after his wife Lorraine Gary. According to one of the DVD commentaries, Sheinberg also did not like the title, insisting that no one would see a movie with \"future\" in the title. In a memo to Robert Zemeckis , he said that the title should be changed to \"Spaceman From Pluto\", tying in with the Marty-as-alien jokes in the film. [2] Steven Spielberg replied in a memo thanking him for the wonderful \"joke memo\" and told him everyone got a kick out of it. Sid Sheinberg, too proud to admit he was serious, let the title stand. [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.11887264251709, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "In the film's script the word \" gigawatt \" is spelled and pronounced \"jigowatt.\" Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis had been to a science seminar and the speaker had pronounced it \"jigowatt.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.106983184814453, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Much of the original footage was retained for the film, for shots in which Eric Stoltz were not visible. Bob Gale later explained in a commentary track on a DVD release that some dialogue scenes with other actors were from the original shoot. A few long shots with Stoltz as Marty McFly still exist in the film, according to Zemeckis and Gale, and there was at least one \"teaser\" movie poster released with Eric Stoltz's name and face visible. One notable scene that was kept in the final film is the one in which Stoltz as Marty drives the DeLorean in the mall parking lot. Since the shots were fairly distant, with the driver's face not particularly visible, the footage was retained. According to Tom Wilson, another notable scene that was kept in the film was when Stoltz as Marty punches Biff in Lou's Cafe, he stated that since it was a closeup of himself they decided to keep that shot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.381757736206055, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "The time machine went through several variations during production. In the first draft of the screenplay the time machine was a laser device that was housed in a room. At the end of the first draft the device was attached to a refrigerator and taken to an atomic bomb test site. Director Robert Zemeckis said in an interview that the idea was scrapped because he did not want children to start climbing into refrigerators and getting trapped inside. In the third draft of the film the time machine was a DeLorean DMC-12 , as Zemeckis reasoned that if you were going to make a time machine, you would want it to move. However, in order to send Marty back to the future, the vehicle had to drive into a nuclear test site. Ultimately this concept was considered too expensive to film, so the power source was changed to lightning .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.608714580535889, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Reviews were generally positive. Roger Ebert complimented the direction, writing that Zemeckis \"shows not only a fine comic touch but also some of the lighthearted humanism of a Frank Capra. The movie, in fact, resembles Capra's It's a Wonderful Life more than other, conventional time-travel movies. It's about a character who begins with one view of his life and reality, and is allowed, through magical intervention, to discover another.\" [9] Even the sequences where Marty's mom has the \"hots for him\" is regarded as \"up-beat... without ever becoming uncomfortable.\" [10] The BBC applauded the intricacies of the \"outstandingly executed\" script, remarking that \"nobody says anything that doesn't become important to the plot later.\" [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8141508102417, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Sequels were not initially planned. Zemeckis later stated that had sequels been envisioned, the first film would not have ended with Jennifer traveling in the DeLorean with Marty and Doc, which created logistical problems in plotting the other films. In addition, the \"To Be Continued...\" caption was not added until the film was released to video [11] by which time plans for a sequel (eventually two sequels) had been announced (the filmmakers chose to omit the caption from the 2002 DVD release).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.051651954650879, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "According to some websites, such as imdb.com, Leonard Nimoy was going to direct Back to the Future but was unable to because he was starting work on the story for Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home. In November 2010, Bob Gale spoke to BTTF.com as part of a Myth Debunking story and debunked this rumor and said that \"No one but Bob Zemeckis would have ever been allowed to direct Back to the Future because we both had complete control of the script.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6940600872039795, "source": "search", "title": "Back to the Future - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Though Spielberg was very impressed with Zemeckis and Gale, his first three productions of their work were box office failures. Spielberg was executive producer for I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), director for 1941 ( 1979 ), and executive producer for Used Cars ( 1980 ). Although he was interested when Zemeckis and Gale approached him in 1982 for Back to the Future, the two writers did not want to take the risk of delivering another money-losing venture to Spielberg, and the stigma that it would cause for them. During the next several years, Zemeckis and Gale received more than 40 rejections while trying to get Back to the Future filmed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1552906036376953, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "After producer Bob Gale got the idea for the film from looking at his dad's old yearbook during a visit home, he and college pal Robert Zemeckis worked on the first draft of the script together in 1981. In the initial effort, Marty was a video pirate, while his friend Professor Brown — not yet named \"Doc\" — had a pet chimp named Shemp. None of the studios were interested, and it wasn't until the success of Zemeckis' 1984 film Romancing the Stone that the film moved forward. Zemeckis and Gale turned to longtime acquaintance Steven Spielberg, the only person who had liked the project from the start, to produce, and so they took it to Universal, which housed Spielberg's Amblin offices.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.823046684265137, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "After filming for four weeks, director Zemeckis had to acknowledge that Eric Stoltz — who beat out fellow young actors like C. Thomas Howell, Johnny Depp, John Cusack and Charlie Sheen to play Marty McFly — just wasn't delivering the laughs that the script required. Gale says Universal head Sid Sheinberg reluctantly agreed to replace Stoltz with Michael J. Fox, who was now available, as producers on Family Ties were more willing to share him with the film than they had been earlier in the sitcom's season. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.823065757751465, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "According to film sources, Sheinberg felt strongly that the title Back to the Future was too confusing for audiences and pushed to change the name to Spaceman From Pluto, a reference to a comic book seen early in the film. Zemeckis and Gale were adamant that the name not be changed, and while Sheinberg now admits the \"wisdom\" in the title that was chosen, he denies suggesting Spaceman From Pluto as an alternative.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.46944981813430786, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "Zemeckis wasn't thrilled about making a sequel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478788375854492, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "The film was a gargantuan success, grossing $210.6 million domestically to become the highest-grossing film of 1985. After the success, Zemeckis was reluctant to make a sequel but felt he was \"struck by Sophie's Choice\" when the studio appeared to imply that the follow-up would get made with or without him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.603713989257812, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." }, { "answer": "Robert Zemeckis", "passage": "Beneath the now-iconic blend of plot, performances, music and dialogue that is \"Back to the Future,\" beats the heart of one of filmdom's great adventures. It is a heart that beats robustly with imagination, comedy, and excitement. Robert Zemeckis's comic slice of science fiction adventure is truly one of the most entertaining films ever made.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.04303878918290138, "source": "search", "title": "‎Back to the Future (1985) directed by Robert Zemeckis ..." }, { "answer": "Zemeckis", "passage": "The story is well-known: a 17-year-old Marty McFly pilots a time machine from 1985 to 1955, the year his parents were to meet and fall in love. Without jeopardizing his very existence, Marty must find a way to get back to the future. In the hands of Zemeckis, this story is sleek, clever, and full of the stuff that draws huge smiles across the faces…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.267839431762695, "source": "search", "title": "‎Back to the Future (1985) directed by Robert Zemeckis ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "On October 7, 1967, an informant apprised the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro ravine. On the morning of October 8, they encircled the area with two battalions numbering 1,800 soldiers and advanced into the ravine triggering a battle where Guevara was wounded and taken prisoner while leading a detachment with Simeón Cuba Sarabia. Che biographer Jon Lee Anderson reports Bolivian Sergeant Bernardino Huanca's account: that as the Bolivian Rangers approached, a twice-wounded Guevara, his gun rendered useless, threw up his arms in surrender and shouted to the soldiers: \"Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and I am worth more to you alive than dead.\" ", "precise_score": 7.478030204772949, "rough_score": 6.139725208282471, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Later that morning on October 9, Bolivian President René Barrientos ordered that Guevara be killed. The order was relayed to the unit holding Guevara by Félix Rodríguez despite the United States government's desire that Guevara be taken to Panama for further interrogation. The executioner who volunteered to kill Guevara was Mario Terán, an alcoholic 31-year-old sergeant in the Bolivian army who had personally requested to shoot Guevara because three of his friends from B Company, all with the same first name of \"Mario\", had been killed in an earlier firefight with Guevara's band of guerrillas. To make the bullet wounds appear consistent with the story that the Bolivian government planned to release to the public, Félix Rodríguez ordered Terán not to shoot Guevara in the head, but to aim carefully to make it appear that Guevara had been killed in action during a clash with the Bolivian army. Gary Prado, the Bolivian captain in command of the army company that captured Guevara, said that the reasons Barrientos ordered the immediate execution of Guevara were so there would be no possibility for Guevara to escape from prison, and also so there would be no drama in regard to a public trial where adverse publicity might happen. ", "precise_score": 5.557836532592773, "rough_score": 4.030303955078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Washington, D.C. – On October 9th, 1967, Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara was put to death by Bolivian soldiers, trained, equipped and guided by U.S. Green Beret and CIA operatives. His execution remains a historic and controversial event; and thirty years later, the circumstances of his guerrilla foray into Bolivia, his capture, killing, and burial are still the subject of intense public interest and discussion around the world.", "precise_score": 8.558588027954102, "rough_score": 7.475795745849609, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "As part of the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Che Guevara, the National Security Archive's Cuba Documentation Project is posting a selection of key CIA, State Department, and Pentagon documentation relating to Guevara and his death. This electronic documents book is compiled from declassified records obtained by the National Security Archive, and by authors of two new books on Guevara: Jorge Castañeda's Compañero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara (Knopf), and Henry Butterfield Ryan's The Fall of Che Guevara (Oxford University Press). The selected documents, presented in order of the events they depict, provide only a partial picture of U.S. intelligence and military assessments, reports and extensive operations to track and \"destroy\" Che Guevara's guerrillas in Bolivia; thousands of CIA and military records on Guevara remain classified. But they do offer significant and valuable information on the high-level U.S. interest in tracking his revolutionary activities, and U.S. and Bolivian actions leading up to his death.", "precise_score": 5.63700532913208, "rough_score": 5.415022850036621, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Ten days after his capture, U.S. Ambassador to Bolivia, Douglas Henderson, transmitted confirmation of Guevara's death to Washington. The evidence included autopsy reports, and fingerprint analysis conducted by Argentine police officials on Che's amputated hands. (Che's hands were cut off to provide proof that he was actually dead; under the supervision of CIA agent Gustavo Villoldo, his body was then secretly buried by at a desolate airstrip at Villagrande where it was only discovered in June 1997.) The various death documents, notes Ambassador Henderson, leave \"unsaid the time of death\"--\"an attempt to bridge the difference between a series of earlier divergent statements from Armed Forces sources, ranging from assertions that he died during or shortly after battle to those suggesting he survived at least twenty-four hours.\"", "precise_score": 7.346775054931641, "rough_score": 5.602312088012695, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "General Ovando, Chief of Bolivian Armed Forces, states that just before he died, Che said, \"I am Che Guevara and I have failed.\" (James, 8)", "precise_score": 4.334553241729736, "rough_score": 4.024194240570068, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 10, 1967: Two doctors,. Moisés Abraham Baptista and José Martínez Cazo, at the Hospital Knights of Malta, Vallegrande, Bolivia, sign a death certificate for Che Guevara. The document states that \"on October 9 at 5:30 p.m., there arrived...Ernesto Guevara Lynch, approximately 40 years of age, the cause of death being multiple bullet wounds in the thorax and extremities. Preservative was applied to the body.\" On the same day, and autopsy report records the multiple bullets wounds found in Guevara's body. \"The cause of death,\" states the autopsy report, \"was the thorax wounds and consequent hemorrhaging.\" (U.S. Embassy in La Paz, Bolivia, Airgram, 10/18/67)", "precise_score": 6.957941055297852, "rough_score": 7.21146821975708, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 18, 1967: The U.S. Embassy in La Paz, Bolivia sends an airgram to the Department of State with the Official Confirmation of Death of Che Guevara. (U.S. Embassy, La Paz, Bolivia, 10/18/97)", "precise_score": 8.31161117553711, "rough_score": 6.313453197479248, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "NOVEMBER 8, 1967: The CIA reports that Cuba is threatening assassin a prominent Bolivian figure, such as President Barrientos or General Ovando, in revenge of Che Guevara's death. ( CIA cable, 11/8/67)", "precise_score": 5.020498752593994, "rough_score": 5.394037246704102, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "On this day in 1967, socialist revolutionary and guerilla leader Che Guevara, age 39, is killed by the Bolivian army. The U.S.-military-backed Bolivian forces captured Guevara on October 8 while battling his band of guerillas in Bolivia and assassinated him the following day. His hands were cut off as proof of death and his body was buried in an unmarked grave. In 1997, Guevara’s remains were found and sent back to Cuba, where they were reburied in a ceremony attended by President Fidel Castro and thousands of Cubans.", "precise_score": 9.423526763916016, "rough_score": 8.879640579223633, "source": "search", "title": "Che Guevara is executed - Oct 09, 1967 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara resigned—some say he was dismissed—from his Cuban government post in April 1965, possibly over differences with Castro about the nation’s economic and foreign policies. Guevara then disappeared from Cuba, traveled to Africa and eventually resurfaced in Bolivia, where he was killed. Following his death, Guevara achieved hero status among people around the world as a symbol of anti-imperialism and revolution. A 1960 photo taken by Alberto Korda of Guevara in a beret became iconic and has since appeared on countless posters and T-shirts. However, not everyone considers Guevara a hero: He is accused, among other things, of ordering the deaths of hundreds of people in Cuban prisons during the revolution.", "precise_score": 6.8166823387146, "rough_score": 4.05153751373291, "source": "search", "title": "Che Guevara is executed - Oct 09, 1967 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "They brought Che Guevara at five o'clock in the afternoon of October 9 to the airfield outside the small town of Vallegrande in southeastern Bolivia. The fighting had been fierce. Che had been among the first casualties and his comrades had been fighting viciously to recover the body. They failed. Most of them also fell, among them Che's Cuban bodyguards Antonio and Pancho. The remainder, after 30 hours of battle, managed to get away, pursued by the Bolivian army's tough, US-trained Rangers.", "precise_score": 7.895390510559082, "rough_score": 6.029399394989014, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "The cult of Ernesto Che Guevara is an episode in the moral callousness of our time. Che was a totalitarian. He achieved nothing but disaster. Many of the early leaders of the Cuban Revolution favored a democratic or democratic-socialist direction for the new Cuba. But Che was a mainstay of the hardline pro-Soviet faction, and his faction won. Che presided over the Cuban Revolution's first firing squads. He founded Cuba's \"labor camp\" system—the system that was eventually employed to incarcerate gays, dissidents, and AIDS victims. To get himself killed, and to get a lot of other people killed, was central to Che's imagination. In the famous essay in which he issued his ringing call for \"two, three, many Vietnams,\" he also spoke about martyrdom and managed to compose a number of chilling phrases: \"Hatred as an element of struggle; unbending hatred for the enemy, which pushes a human being beyond his natural limitations, making him into an effective, violent, selective, and cold-blooded killing machine. This is what our soldiers must become …\"— and so on. He was killed in Bolivia in 1967, leading a guerrilla movement that had failed to enlist a single Bolivian peasant. And yet he succeeded in inspiring tens of thousands of middle class Latin-Americans to exit the universities and organize guerrilla insurgencies of their own. And these insurgencies likewise accomplished nothing, except to bring about the death of hundreds of thousands, and to set back the cause of Latin-American democracy—a tragedy on the hugest scale.", "precise_score": 4.358984470367432, "rough_score": 4.7922821044921875, "source": "search", "title": "Should we love Che Guevara? - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Felix Rodriguez, left, with Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara before he was shot to death in Bolivia.", "precise_score": 7.58546257019043, "rough_score": 7.169793605804443, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "\"It was a very simple code that we had created: 500 was Che Guevara, 600 kill him, and 700 to keep him alive. So the order came from the [Bolivian] president and the commander in chief of the armed forces of 500, 600,\" Rodriguez said. \"So when Zenteno came down the hill before he left I called him inside and I said 'Mi colonel, there's order from the high command to eliminate a prisoner.\"", "precise_score": 4.184943199157715, "rough_score": 5.507537364959717, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Marxist revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' Guevara has reportedly been killed during a battle between army troops and guerillas in the Bolivian jungle.", "precise_score": 9.236159324645996, "rough_score": 7.757997035980225, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1967: Che Guevara 'shot dead'" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In his statement, Colonel Anaya said Guevara was one of six guerrillas killed in today's battle. It is understood five Bolivian soldiers were also killed in the clash.", "precise_score": 5.172591209411621, "rough_score": 3.9683854579925537, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1967: Che Guevara 'shot dead'" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Photos kept in family for 47 years show Che Guevara after he was killed by the Bolivian army in 1967 | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": 7.272310256958008, "rough_score": 6.457470893859863, "source": "search", "title": "Photos kept in family show Che Guevara after he was killed" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Photos kept in family for 47 years show Che Guevara after he was killed by the Bolivian army in 1967 ", "precise_score": 7.4361982345581055, "rough_score": 6.7759928703308105, "source": "search", "title": "Photos kept in family show Che Guevara after he was killed" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara was killed on October 9, 1967 and had been captured the day before by the Bolivian army ", "precise_score": 6.3274054527282715, "rough_score": 6.906364440917969, "source": "search", "title": "Photos kept in family show Che Guevara after he was killed" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In compelling detail two leading U.S. civil rights attorneys recount the extraordinary life and deliberate killing of the world’s most storied revolutionary: Ernesto Che Guevara. Michael Ratner and Michael Steven Smith survey the extraordinary trajectory of Che’s career, from an early politicization recounted in the Motorcycle Diaries, through meetings with his compañero Fidel Castro in Mexico, his vital role in the Cuban revolution, and his expeditions abroad to Africa and Latin America. But their focus is on Che’s final days in Bolivia where, after months of struggle to spread the revolution begun in Havana, Che is wounded, captured and, soon after, executed. Bound and helpless, Che’s last words to his killer, a soldier in the Bolivian Army, are “Remember, you are killing a man.”", "precise_score": 6.8208184242248535, "rough_score": 5.222928524017334, "source": "search", "title": "Who Killed Che? How the CIA Got Away with Murder, Michael ..." }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba's armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay of Pigs Invasion and bringing the Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba which precipitated the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, he was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful continental motorcycle journey. His experiences and studying of Marxism–Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism, and monopoly capitalism, with the only remedy being proletarian internationalism and world revolution. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1065895557403564, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "On July 7, 1953, Guevara set out again, this time to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador. On December 10, 1953, before leaving for Guatemala, Guevara sent an update to his Aunt Beatriz from San José, Costa Rica. In the letter Guevara speaks of traversing through the dominion of the United Fruit Company; a journey which convinced him that Company's capitalist system was a terrible one. This affirmed indignation carried the more aggressive tone he adopted in order to frighten his more Conservative relatives, and ends with Guevara swearing on an image of the then recently deceased Joseph Stalin, not to rest until these \"octopuses have been vanquished\". Later that month, Guevara arrived in Guatemala where President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán headed a democratically elected government that, through land reform and other initiatives, was attempting to end the latifundia system. To accomplish this, President Árbenz had enacted a major land reform program, where all uncultivated portions of large land holdings were to be expropriated and redistributed to landless peasants. The biggest land owner, and one most affected by the reforms, was the United Fruit Company, from which the Árbenz government had already taken more than of uncultivated land. Pleased with the road the nation was heading down, Guevara decided to settle down in Guatemala so as to \"perfect himself and accomplish whatever may be necessary in order to become a true revolutionary.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1680846214294434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In the face of a loss of commercial connections with Western states, Guevara tried to replace them with closer commercial relationships with Eastern Bloc states, visiting a number of Marxist states and signing trade agreements with them. At the end of 1960 he visited Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, North Korea, Hungary and East Germany and signed, for instance, a trade agreement in East Berlin on December 17, 1960. Such agreements helped Cuba's economy to a certain degree but also had the disadvantage of a growing economic dependency on the Eastern Bloc. It was also in East Germany where Guevara met Tamara Bunke (later known as \"Tania\"), who was assigned as his interpreter, and who would years later join him, and be killed with him in Bolivia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6492557525634766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara was reluctant to return to Cuba, because Castro had made public Guevara's \"farewell letter\"—a letter intended to only be revealed in the case of his death—wherein he severed all ties in order to devote himself to revolution throughout the world. As a result, Guevara spent the next six months living clandestinely in Dar es Salaam and Prague. During this time, he compiled his memoirs of the Congo experience and wrote drafts of two more books, one on philosophy and the other on economics. As Guevara prepared for Bolivia, he secretly traveled back to Cuba to visit Castro, as well as to see his wife and to write a last letter to his five children to be read upon his death, which ended with him instructing them: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.04257199168205261, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Bolivia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532112121582031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Before he departed for Bolivia, Guevara altered his appearance by shaving off his beard and much of his hair, also dying it grey so he would be unrecognizable as Che Guevara. On November 3, 1966, Guevara secretly arrived in La Paz on a flight from Montevideo under the false name Adolfo Mena González, posing as a middle-aged Uruguayan businessman working for the Organization of American States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.663409471511841, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Three days after his arrival in Bolivia, Guevara left La Paz for the rural south east region of the country to form his guerrilla army. Guevara's first base camp was located in the montane dry forest in the remote Ñancahuazú region. Training at the camp in the Ñancahuazú valley proved to be hazardous, and little was accomplished in way of building a guerrilla army. The Argentine-born East German operative Haydée Tamara Bunke Bider, better known by her nom de guerre \"Tania\", had been installed as Che's primary agent in La Paz. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5020188093185425, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara's guerrilla force, numbering about 50 men and operating as the ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Bolivia; \"National Liberation Army of Bolivia\"), was well equipped and scored a number of early successes against Bolivian army regulars in the difficult terrain of the mountainous Camiri region during the early months of 1967. As a result of Guevara's units' winning several skirmishes against Bolivian troops in the spring and summer of 1967, the Bolivian government began to overestimate the true size of the guerrilla force. But in August 1967, the Bolivian Army managed to eliminate two guerrilla groups in a violent battle, reportedly killing one of the leaders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9558303952217102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Researchers hypothesize that Guevara's plan for fomenting a revolution in Bolivia failed for an array of reasons:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.699484825134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "* He had expected to deal only with the Bolivian military, who were poorly trained and equipped, and was unaware that the United States government had sent a team of the CIA's Special Activities Division commandos and other operatives into Bolivia to aid the anti-insurrection effort. The Bolivian Army would also be trained, advised, and supplied by U.S. Army Special Forces, including a recently organized elite battalion of U.S. Rangers trained in jungle warfare that set up camp in La Esperanza, a small settlement close to the location of Guevara's guerrillas. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.215456008911133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "* Guevara had expected assistance and cooperation from the local dissidents that he did not receive, nor did he receive support from Bolivia's Communist Party under the leadership of Mario Monje, which was oriented toward Moscow rather than Havana. In Guevara's own diary captured after his death, he wrote about the Communist Party of Bolivia, which he characterized as \"distrustful, disloyal and stupid\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.427406668663025, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In addition, Guevara's known preference for confrontation rather than compromise, which had previously surfaced during his guerrilla warfare campaign in Cuba, contributed to his inability to develop successful working relationships with local rebel leaders in Bolivia, just as it had in the Congo. This tendency had existed in Cuba, but had been kept in check by the timely interventions and guidance of Fidel Castro. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.408256769180298, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "The end result was that Guevara was unable to attract inhabitants of the local area to join his militia during the eleven months he attempted recruitment. Many of the inhabitants willingly informed the Bolivian authorities and military about the guerrillas and their movements in the area. Near the end of the Bolivian venture, Guevara wrote in his diary that \"the peasants do not give us any help, and they are turning into informers.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.480905055999756, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Félix Rodríguez, a Cuban exile turned CIA Special Activities Division operative, advised Bolivian troops during the hunt for Guevara in Bolivia. In addition, the 2007 documentary My Enemy's Enemy alleges that Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie advised and possibly helped the CIA orchestrate Guevara's eventual capture.[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/dec/23/world.secondworldwar Barbie \"Boasted of Hunting Down Che\"] by David Smith, The Observer, December 23, 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.20832765102386475, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara was tied up and taken to a dilapidated mud schoolhouse in the nearby village of La Higuera on the evening of October 8. For the next half day, Guevara refused to be interrogated by Bolivian officers and would only speak quietly to Bolivian soldiers. One of those Bolivian soldiers, a helicopter pilot named Jaime Nino de Guzman, describes Che as looking \"dreadful\". According to Guzman, Guevara was shot through the right calf, his hair was matted with dirt, his clothes were shredded, and his feet were covered in rough leather sheaths. Despite his haggard appearance, he recounts that \"Che held his head high, looked everyone straight in the eyes and asked only for something to smoke.\" De Guzman states that he \"took pity\" and gave him a small bag of tobacco for his pipe, and that Guevara then smiled and thanked him. Later on the night of October 8, Guevara—despite having his hands tied—kicked a Bolivian army officer, named Captain Espinosa, against a wall after the officer entered the schoolhouse and tried to snatch Guevara's pipe from his mouth as a souvenir while he was still smoking it. In another instance of defiance, Guevara spat in the face of Bolivian Rear Admiral Ugarteche, who attempted to question Guevara a few hours before his execution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6643922328948975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "About 30 minutes before Guevara was killed, Félix Rodríguez attempted to question him about the whereabouts of other guerrilla fighters who were currently at large, but Guevara continued to remain silent. Rodríguez, assisted by a few Bolivian soldiers, helped Guevara to his feet and took him outside the hut to parade him before other Bolivian soldiers where he posed with Guevara for a photo opportunity where one soldier took a photograph of Rodríguez and other soldiers standing alongside Guevara. A little later, Guevara was asked by one of the Bolivian soldiers guarding him if he was thinking about his own immortality. \"No,\" he replied, \"I'm thinking about the immortality of the revolution.\" A few minutes later, Sergeant Terán entered the hut to shoot him, whereupon Guevara reportedly said: \"I know you've come to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man.\" Terán hesitated, then pointed his self-loading M2 Carbine at Guevara and opened fire, hitting him in the arms and legs. Then, as Guevara writhed on the ground, apparently biting one of his wrists to avoid crying out, Terán fired another burst, fatally wounding him in the chest. Guevara was pronounced dead at 1:10 pm local time according to Rodríguez. In all, Guevara was shot nine times by Terán. This included five times in his legs, once in the right shoulder and arm, and once in the chest and throat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.700449228286743, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "A declassified memorandum dated October 11, 1967 to United States President Lyndon B. Johnson from his National Security Advisor Walt Whitman Rostow, called the decision to kill Guevara \"stupid\" but \"understandable from a Bolivian standpoint\". After the execution Rodríguez took several of Guevara's personal items—including a Rolex GMT Master wristwatch that he continued to wear many years later—often showing them to reporters during the ensuing years. After a military doctor amputated his hands, Bolivian army officers transferred Guevara's body to an undisclosed location and refused to reveal whether his remains had been buried or cremated. The hands were preserved in formaldehyde to be sent to Buenos Aires for fingerprint identification. (His fingerprints were on file with the Argentine police.) They were later sent to Cuba.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8305485248565674, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Also removed when Guevara was captured were his 30,000-word, hand-written diary, a collection of his personal poetry, and a short story he had authored about a young Communist guerrilla who learns to overcome his fears. His diary documented events of the guerrilla campaign in Bolivia, with the first entry on November 7, 1966, shortly after his arrival at the farm in Ñancahuazú, and the last dated October 7, 1967, the day before his capture. The diary tells how the guerrillas were forced to begin operations prematurely because of discovery by the Bolivian Army, explains Guevara's decision to divide the column into two units that were subsequently unable to re-establish contact, and describes their overall unsuccessful venture. It also records the rift between Guevara and the Communist Party of Bolivia that resulted in Guevara having significantly fewer soldiers than originally expected, and shows that Guevara had a great deal of difficulty recruiting from the local populace, partly because the guerrilla group had learned Quechua, unaware that the local language was actually a Tupí–Guaraní language. As the campaign drew to an unexpected close, Guevara became increasingly ill. He suffered from ever-worsening bouts of asthma, and most of his last offensives were carried out in an attempt to obtain medicine. The Bolivian diary was quickly and crudely translated by Ramparts magazine and circulated around the world. There are at least four additional diaries in existence—those of Israel Reyes Zayas (Alias \"Braulio\"), Harry Villegas Tamayo (\"Pombo\"), Eliseo Reyes Rodriguez (\"Rolando\") and Dariel Alarcón Ramírez (\"Benigno\") —each of which reveals additional aspects of the events.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3659799098968506, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "French intellectual Régis Debray, who was captured in April 1967 while with Guevara in Bolivia, gave an interview from prison in August 1968, in which he enlarged on the circumstances of Guevara's capture. Debray, who had lived with Guevara's band of guerrillas for a short time, said that in his view they were \"victims of the forest\" and thus \"eaten by the jungle\". Debray described a destitute situation where Guevara's men suffered malnutrition, lack of water, absence of shoes, and only possessed six blankets for 22 men. Debray recounts that Guevara and the others had been suffering an \"illness\" which caused their hands and feet to swell into \"mounds of flesh\" to the point where you could not discern the fingers on their hands. Debray described Guevara as \"optimistic about the future of Latin America\" despite the futile situation, and remarked that Guevara was \"resigned to die in the knowledge that his death would be a sort of renaissance\", noting that Guevara perceived death \"as a promise of rebirth\" and \"ritual of renewal\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5100529193878174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In late 1995, the retired Bolivian General Mario Vargas revealed to Jon Lee Anderson, author of Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, that Guevara's corpse lay near a Vallegrande airstrip. The result was a multi-national search for the remains, which would last more than a year. In July 1997 a team of Cuban geologists and Argentine forensic anthropologists discovered the remnants of seven bodies in two mass graves, including one man with amputated hands (like Guevara). Bolivian government officials with the Ministry of Interior later identified the body as Guevara when the excavated teeth \"perfectly matched\" a plaster mold of Che's teeth made in Cuba prior to his Congolese expedition. The \"clincher\" then arrived when Argentine forensic anthropologist Alejandro Inchaurregui inspected the inside hidden pocket of a blue jacket dug up next to the handless cadaver and found a small bag of pipe tobacco. Nino de Guzman, the Bolivian helicopter pilot who had given Che a small bag of tobacco, later remarked that he \"had serious doubts\" at first and \"thought the Cubans would just find any old bones and call it Che\"; but \"after hearing about the tobacco pouch, I have no doubts.\" On October 17, 1997, Guevara's remains, with those of six of his fellow combatants, were laid to rest with military honors in a specially built mausoleum in the Cuban city of Santa Clara, where he had commanded over the decisive military victory of the Cuban Revolution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2318649291992188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In July 2008, the Bolivian government of Evo Morales unveiled Guevara's formerly-sealed diaries composed in two frayed notebooks, along with a logbook and several black-and-white photographs. At this event Bolivia's vice-minister of culture, Pablo Groux, expressed that there were plans to publish photographs of every handwritten page later in the year. Meanwhile, in August 2009 anthropologists working for Bolivia's Justice Ministry discovered and unearthed the bodies of five of Guevara's fellow guerrillas near the Bolivian town of Teoponte. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.5482988357543945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Meanwhile, Guevara remains a national hero in Cuba, where his image adorns the 3 peso banknote and school children begin each morning by pledging \"We will be like Che.\" In his homeland of Argentina, where high schools bear his name, numerous Che museums dot the country, which in 2008 unveiled a 12 ft bronze statue of him in the city of his birth, Rosario. Additionally, Guevara has been sanctified by some Bolivian campesinos as \"Saint Ernesto\", who pray to him for assistance. In stark contrast, Guevara remains a hated figure amongst many in the Cuban exile and Cuban-American community of the United States, who view him with animosity as \"the butcher of La Cabaña\". Despite this polarized status, a high-contrast monochrome graphic of Che's face, created in 1968 by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick, became a universally merchandized and objectified image, found on an endless array of items, including T-shirts, hats, posters, tattoos, and bikinis, ironically contributing to the consumer culture Guevara despised. Yet, he still remains a transcendent figure both in specifically political contexts and as a wide-ranging popular icon of youthful rebellion.O'Hagan 2004.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.401317596435547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "* The Bolivian Diary of Ernesto Che Guevara, Pathfinder Press, 1994, ISBN 0-87348-766-4", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6378782391548157, "source": "wiki", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "U.S. Army, Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Activation, Organization and Training of the 2d Battalion - Bolivian Army, April 28, 1967", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492232322692871, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "This memorandum of understanding, written by the head of the U.S. MILGP (Military Group) in Bolivia and signed by the commander of the Bolivian armed forces, created the Second Ranger Battalion to pursue Che Guevara's guerrilla band. The agreement specifies the mission of a sixteen-member Green Beret team of U.S. special forces, drawn from the 8th Special Forces division of the U.S. Army Forces at Southcom in Panama, to \"produce a rapid reaction force capable of counterinsurgency operations and skilled to the degree that four months of intensive training can be absorbed by the personnel presented by the Bolivian Armed Forces.\" In October, the 2nd Battalion, aided by U.S. military and CIA personnel, did engage and capture Che Guevara's small band of rebels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.271018981933594, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "This CIA cable summarizes intelligence, gathered from September 1966 through June 1967, on the disagreement between the Soviet Union and Cuba over Che Guevara's mission to Bolivia. The cable provides specific information on Leonid Brezhnev's objections to \"the dispatch of Ernesto Che Guevara to Bolivia\" and Brezhnev's decision to send the Soviet Premier Aleksey Kosygin's visit to Cuba in June, 1967 to discuss the Kremlin's opposition with Castro. CIA sources reported that Kosygin accused Castro of \"harming the communist cause through his sponsorship of guerrilla activity...and through providing support to various anti-government groups, which although they claimed to be 'socialist' or communist, were engaged in disputes with the 'legitimate' Latin American communist parties...favored by the USSR.\" In replying Castro stated that Cuba would support the \"right of every Latin American to contribute to the liberation of his country.\" Castro also \"accused the USSR of having turned its back upon its own revolutionary tradition and of having moved to a point where it would refuse to support any revolutionary movement unless the actions of the latter contributed to the achievement of Soviet objectives....\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3787007331848145, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Walt Rostow reports in this memorandum to President Johnson that unconfirmed information suggests that the Bolivian battalion--\"the one we have been training\"--\"got Che Guevara.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.214183807373047, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In another daily update, Walt Rostow reports to President Johnson that \"we are 99% sure that 'Che' Guevara is dead.\" Rostow believes the decision to execute Guevara \"is stupid,\" but he also points out his death \"shows the soundness of our 'preventive medicine' assistance to countries facing incipient insurgency--it was the Bolivian 2nd Ranger Battalion, trained by our Green Berets from June-September of this year, that cornered him and got him.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5689640045166016, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "When Che Guevara was executed in La Higuera, one CIA official was present--a Cuban-American operative named F�lix Rodr�guez. Rodr�guez, who used the codename \"F�lix Ramos\" in Bolivia and posed as a Bolivian military officer, was secretly debriefed on his role by the CIA's office of the Inspector General in June, 1975. (At the time the CIA was the focus of a major Congressional investigation into its assassination operations against foreign leaders.) In this debriefing--discovered in a declassified file marked 'F�lix Rodr�guez' by journalist David Corn--Rodr�guez recounts the details of his mission to Bolivia where the CIA sent him, and another Cuban-American agent, Gustavo Villoldo, to assist the capture of Guevara and destruction of his guerrilla band. Rodr�guez and Villoldo became part of a CIA task force in Bolivia that included the case officer for the operation, \"Jim\", another Cuban American, Mario Osiris Riveron, and two agents in charge of communications in Santa Clara. Rodr�guez emerged as the most important member of the group; after a lengthy interrogation of one captured guerrilla, he was instrumental in focusing the efforts to the 2nd Ranger Battalion focus on the Villagrande region where he believed Guevara's rebels were operating. Although he apparently was under CIA instructions to \"do everything possible to keep him alive,\" Rodr�guez transmitted the order to execute Guevara from the Bolivian High Command to the soldiers at La Higueras--he also directed them not to shoot Guevara in the face so that his wounds would appear to be combat-related--and personally informed Che that he would be killed. After the execution, Rodr�guez took Che's Rolex watch, often proudly showing it to reporters during the ensuing years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8895082473754883, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "The U.S. Special Forces Group, which trained the Bolivan military units that captured Che Guevara, conducted an extensive debriefing of members of the 2nd Ranger Battalion. This report, based on interviews by a member of the U.S. Mobile Training Team in Bolivia with key Bolivian commanders, documents the military movements, and engagement with Che Guevara's guerrilla band. The sources also provide key details and descriptions of his capture, interrogation and execution, although it makes no mention of the CIA official, F�lix Rodr�guez, who was present. Guevara's last words to the soldier who shot him are reported as: \"Know this now, you are killing a man.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.567649245262146, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In this interpretive report for Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Thomas Hughes, the Latin America specialist at the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research, summarizes the importance of \"the defeat of the foremost tactician of the Cuban revolutionary strategy.\" The analyst predicts that Guevara \"will be eulogized as the model revolutionary who met a heroic death.\" The circumstances of his failure in Bolivia, however, will strengthen the position of \"peaceful line\" communist party groups in the Hemisphere. Castro, he argues, will be subject to \"we told you so\" criticism from older leftist parties, but his \"spell on the more youthful elements in the hemisphere will not be broken.\" The analysis fails to incorporate evidence of the disagreement between Castro and Guevara on the prospects for revolution in Latin America, or the Soviet pressure on Cuba to reduce support for insurgent movements in the Hemisphere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.914303779602051, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "FALL, 1966: Che Guevara arrives in Bolivia sometime between the second week of September and the first of November of 1966, according to different sources. He enters the country with forged Uruguayan passports to organize and lead a communist guerrilla movement. Che chooses Bolivia as the revolutionary base for various reasons. First, Bolivia is of lower priority than Caribbean Basin countries to US security interests and poses a less immediate threat, \"... the Yanquis wouldn't concern themselves... .\" Second, Bolivia's social conditions and poverty are such that Bolivia is considered susceptible to revolutionary ideology. Finally, Bolivia shares a border with five other countries, which would allow the revolution to spread easily if the guerrillas are successful. (Harris, 60, 73; Rojo 193-194; Rodríguez:1, 157;Rodríguez:1, 198)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7474384307861328, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "SPRING, 1967: From March to August of 1967, Che Guevara and his guerrilla band strike \"pretty much at will\" against the Bolivian Armed Forces, which totals about twenty thousand men. The guerrillas lose only one man compared to 30 of the Bolivians during these six months. (James, 250, NYT 9/16/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.12572312355041504, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "APRIL 28, 1967: General Ovando, of the Bolivian Armed Forces, and the U.S. Army Section signed a Memorandum of Understanding with regard to the 2nd Ranger Battalion of the Bolivian Army \"which clearly defines the terms of U.S.-Bolivian Armed Forces cooperation in the activation, organization, and training of this unit.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41305160522461, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "JUNE, 1967: Cuban-American CIA agent Félix Rodríguez receives a phone call from a CIA officer, Larry S., who proposes a special assignment for him in South America in which he will use his skills in unconventional warfare, counter-guerrilla operations and communications. The assignment is to assist the Bolivians in tracking down and capturing Che Guevara and his band. His partner will be \"Eduardo González\" and Rodríguez is to use the cover name \"Félix Ramos Medina.\" (Rodr�guez:1, 148)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.913448333740234, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "JUNE 26-30, 1967: Soviet Premier Aleksey Kosygin visits Cuba for discussions with Fidel Castro. According to a CIA intelligence cable, the primary purpose of his \"trip to Havana June 26-30, 1967 was to inform Castro concerning the Middle East Crisis...A secondary but important reason for the trip was to discuss with Castro the subject of Cuban revolutionary activity in Latin America.\" The Soviet Premier criticizes the dispatch of Che Guevara to Bolivia and accuses Castro of \"harming the communist cause through his sponsorship of guerrilla activity...and through providing support to various anti-government groups, which although they claimed to be \"socialist\" or communist, were engaged in disputes with the \"legitimate\" Latin American communist parties, those favored by the USSR.\" In reply Castro stated that Cuba will support the \"right of every Latin American to contribute to the liberation of his country.\" (CIA Intelligence Information Cable, 10/17/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9756245613098145, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "AUGUST 2, 1967: Rodríguez and González arrive in La Paz, Bolivia. They are met by their case officer, Jim, another CIA agent, and a Bolivian immigration officer. The CIA station in La Paz is run by John Tilton; eventually the CIA's Guevara task force is joined by another anti-Castro Cuban-American agent, Gustavo Villoldo. (Rodríguez:1, 162)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.701735973358154, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "AUGUST 31, 1967: The Bolivian army scores its first victory against the guerrillas, wiping out one-third of Che's men. José Castillo Chávez, also known as Paco, is captured and the guerrillas are forced to retreat. Che's health begins to deteriorate. (James, 250, 269)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.116085052490234, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "SEPTEMBER 15, 1967: The Bolivian Government air-drops leaflets offering a $4,200 reward for the capture of Che Guevara. (NYT 9/16/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8455233573913574, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "SEPTEMBER 18, 1967: Fifteen members of a Communist group, who were providing supplies to the guerrillas in the southeastern jungles of Bolivia, are arrested. (NYT 9/19/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.626203536987305, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "SEPTEMBER 22, 1967: Che's guerrillas arrive at Alto Seco village in Bolivia. Inti Peredo, a Bolivian guerrilla, gives the villagers a lecture on the objectives of the guerrilla movement. The group leaves later that night after purchasing a large amount of food. (Harris, 123)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.855188846588135, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "SEPTEMBER 22, 1967: Guevara Arze, the Bolivian Foreign Minister, provides evidence to the Organization of American States to prove that Che Guevara is indeed leading the guerrilla operations in Bolivia. Excerpts taken from captured documents, including comparisons of handwriting, fingerprints and photographs, suggests that the guerrillas are comprised of Cubans, Peruvians, Argentineans and Bolivians. The foreign minister's presentation draws a loud applause from the Bolivian audience, and he gives his assurance that \"we're not going to let anybody steal our country away from us. Nobody, at any time.\" (NYT 9/23/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0699288845062256, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "1 p.m.: As they are about to depart for Jahue, the rebels hear shots coming from the road and are forced to stay in the village and defend themselves. Three guerrillas are killed in the gun battle: Roberto (Coco) Peredo, a Bolivian guerrilla leader who was one of Che's most important men; \"Antonio,\" believed to be Cuban; and \"Julio,\" likely a Bolivian. Che orders his men to evacuate the village along a road leading to Rio Grande. The army high command and the Barriento government consider this encounter a significant victory. Indeed, Che notes in his diary that La Higuera has caused great losses for him in respect to his rebel cell. (Harris 123,124; NYT 9/28/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.556089162826538, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "By morning, several companies of Bolivian Rangers are deployed through the area that Guevara's Guerrillas are in. They take up positions in the same ravine as the guerrillas in Quebrada del Yuro. (Harris,126)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.752137660980225, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "1:30 p.m.: Che's final battle commences in Quebrada del Yuro. Simon Cuba (Willy) Sarabia, a Bolivian miner, leads the rebel group. Che is behind him and is shot in the leg several times. Sarabia picks up Che and tries to carry him away from the line of fire. The firing starts again and Che's beret is knocked off. Sarabia sits Che on the ground so he can return the fire. Encircled at less than ten yards distance, the Rangers concentrate their fire on him, riddling him with bullets. Che attempts to keep firing, but cannot keep his gun up with only one arm. He is hit again on his right leg, his gun is knocked out of his hand and his right forearm is pierced. As soldiers approach Che he shouts, \"Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and worth more to you alive than dead.\" The battle ends at approximately 3:30 p.m. Che is taken prisoner. (Rojo, 219; James, 14)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2364354133605957, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Other sources claim that Sarabia is captured alive and at about 4 p.m. he and Che are brought before Captain Prado. Captain Prado orders his radio operator to signal the divisional headquarters in Vallegrande informing them that Che is captured. The coded message sent is \"Hello Saturno, we have Papá !\" Saturno is the code for Colonel Joaquin Zenteno, commandant of the Eighth Bolivian Army Division, and Papá is code for Che. In disbelief, Colonel Zenteno asks Capt. Prado to confirm the message. With confirmation, \"general euphoria\" erupts among the divisional headquarters staff. Colonel Zenteno radios Capt. Prado and tells him to immediately transfer Che and any other prisoners to La Higuera. (Harris, 127)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.308657646179199, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Official army dispatches falsely report that Che is killed in the clash in southeastern Bolivia, and other official reports confirm the killing of Che and state that the Bolivian army has his body. However, the army high command does not confirm this report. (NYT 10/10/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.171852707862854, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 9, 1967: Walt Rostow sends a memorandum to the President with tentative information that the Bolivians have captured Che Guevara. The Bolivian unit engaged in the operation was the one that had been trained by the U.S. (Rostow 10/9/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.293107509613037, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "10 am: The Bolivian officers are faced with the question of what to do with Che. The possibility of prosecuting him is ruled out because a trial would focus world attention on him and could generate sympathetic propaganda for Che and for Cuba. It is concluded that Che must be executed immediately, but it is agreed upon that the official story will be that he died from wounds received in battle. Félix Rodríguez receives a call from Vallegrande and is ordered by the Superior Command to conduct Operation Five Hundred and Six Hundred. Five hundred is the Bolivian code for Che and six hundred is the order to kill him. Rodríguez informs Colonel Zenteno of the order, but also tells him that the U.S. government has instructed him to keep Che alive at all costs. The CIA and the U.S. government have arranged helicopters and airplanes to take Che to Panama for interrogation. However, Colonel Zenteno says he must obey his own orders and Rodríguez decides, \"to let history take its course,\" and to leave the matter in the hands of the Bolivians. (Anderson, 795; Harris 128, 129; Rodríguez:1, 193; Rodríguez:2)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.296267509460449, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Rodríguez realizes that he cannot stall any longer when a school teacher informs him that she has heard a news report on Che's death on her radio. Rodríguez enters the schoolhouse to tell Che of the orders from the Bolivian high command. Che understands and says, \"It is better like this ... I never should have been captured alive.\" Che gives Rodríguez a message for his wife and for Fidel, they embrace and Rodríguez leaves the room. (Rodríguez:2; Anderson, 796)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.313804626464844, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Félix Rodríguez has stated that, \"I told the Sargento to shoot....and I understand that he borrowed an M-2 carbine from a Lt. Pérez who was in the area.\" Rodríguez places the time of the shooting at 1:10 p.m. Bolivian time. (Rodríguez:2)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232873916625977, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Later that afternoon: Senior army officers and CIA Agent, Félix Rodríguez, leave La Higuera by helicopter for army headquarters in Vallegrande. Upon landing, Rodríguez quickly leaves the helicopter knowing that Castro's people will be there looking for CIA agents. Pulling a Bolivian army cap over his face, he is not noticed by anyone. (Rodríguez:1, 12; Harris, 130)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.893723487854004, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "The New York Times reports that the Bolivian Army High Command dispatches officially confirm that Che was killed in the battle on Sunday October 8th. General Ovando states that Che admitted his identity and the failure of his guerrilla campaign before dying of his wounds. (NYT 10/10/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8370672464370728, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 11, 1967: Walt Rostow sends a memorandum to the President stating that they \"are 99% sure that �Che' Guevara is dead.\" He explains that Guevara's death carries significant implications: \"It marks the passing of another of the aggressive, romantic revolutionaries...In the Latin American context, it will have a strong impact in discouraging would -be guerrillas. It shows the soundness of our �preventive medicine' assistance to countries facing incipient insurgency--it was the Bolivian 2nd Ranger Battalion, trained by our Green Berets from June-September of this year, that cornered him and got him.\" (Rostow 10/11/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4271737039089203, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 12, 1967: Che's brother, Roberto, arrives in Bolivia to take the body back to Argentina. However, General Ovando tells him that the body has been cremated. (Anderson, 799)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.694056987762451, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 14, 1967: Annex No.3 - three officials of the Argentine Federal police, at the request of the Bolivian Government, visited Bolivian military headquarters in La Paz to help identify the handwriting and fingerprints of Che Guevara. \"They were shown a metal container in which were two amputated hands in a liquid solution, apparently formaldehyde.\" The experts compared the fingerprints with the ones in Guevara's Argentine identity record, No. 3.524.272, and they were the same. (U.S. Embassy in La Paz, Bolivia, Airgram, 10/18/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0954809188842773, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 15, 1967: Bolivian President Barrientos claims that Che's ashes are buried in a hidden place somewhere in the Vallegrande region. (Harris, 130)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0722527503967285, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 16, 1967: The Bolivian Armed Forces released a communiqué together with three annexes on the death of Che Guevara. The communiqué is \"based on documents released by the Military High Command on October9...concerning the combat that took place at La Higuera between units of the Armed Forces and the red group commanded by Ernesto �Che' Guevara, as a result of which he, among others, lost his life...\" The report states that Guevara died \"more or less at 8 p.m. on Sunday, October 8...as a result of his wounds.\" Also, in order to identify his body it requested the cooperation of Argentine technical organizations to identify the remains to certify that the handwriting of the campaign diary coincides with Guevara's. Henderson, the U.S. Embassy agent in La Paz, comments that \"it will be widely noted that neither the death certificate nor the autopsy report state a time of death.\" This \"would appear to be an attempt to bridge the difference between a series of earlier divergent statements from Armed Forces sources, ranging from assertions that he died during or shortly after battle to those suggesting he survived at least twenty-four hours.\" He also notes that some early reports indicate that Guevara was captured with minor injuries, while later statements , including the autopsy report, affirm that he suffered multiple wounds. He agrees with a comment by Preséncia, that these statements are \"going to be the new focus of polemics in the coming days.\" (U.S. Embassy in La Paz, Bolivia, Airgram, 10/18/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4245352745056152, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "OCTOBER 18, 1967: A CIA cable highlights the errors leading to Guevara's defeat. \"There were negative factors and tremendous errors involved in the death of Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara Serna and the defeat of the guerrillas in Bolivia... .\" Che's presence at the guerrilla front in Bolivia, \" ... precluded all hope of saving him and the other leaders in the event of an ambush and virtually condemned them to die or exist uselessly as fugitives.\" The fact that the guerrillas were so dependent on the local peasant population also proved to be a mistake according to the CIA. Another error described in this cable is Che's over-confidence in the Bolivian Communist Party, which was relatively new, inexperienced, lacking strong leadership and was internally divided into Trotskyite and Pro-Chinese factions. Finally, the cable states that the victory of the Bolivian army should not be credited to their actions, but to the errors of Castroism. \" The guerrilla failure in Bolivia is definitely a leadership failure...\"(\"Comments on the death of Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara Serna,\" 10/18/67)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8836398124694824, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "JULY 1, 1995: In an interview with biographer Jon Lee Anderson, Bolivian General Mario Vargas Salinas reveals that \"he had been a part of a nocturnal burial detail, that Che's body and those of several of his comrades were buried in a mass grave near the dirt airstrip outside the little mountain town of Vallegrande in Central Bolivia.\" A subsequent Anderson article in the New York Times sets off a two-year search to find and identify Guevara's remains. (Anderson,1)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6492660045623779, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "National Security Files, \"Bolivia, Vol. 4\" Box 8.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.539440155029297, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "It was a ghastly sight. Not so much because of the corpse, whose face as the soldiers lifted its head seemed rather peaceful. But there was the white-clad nun, smiling encouragingly; and the laughing soldiers who were slapping each others' backs; and a sturdy man in battle dress and an American T-shirt, with a very modern machine-gun, who seemed somehow to be in charge of the whole performance. He saw to it that the fingerprints were properly taken. He waved at the soldiers not to disturb the doctors and nurses at work, and above all he seemed bent on keeping journalists away. Earlier in the day he had ejected two British journalists from Vallegrande's airfield, as they were taking pictures of the troops. He was overheard saying, \"Let's get the hell out of here,\" in a most American way. But at this point he was taciturn, answered questions only in Spanish, and shied away from having his  photograph taken. His name is Ramos, one of the Bolivian journalists told me. He is a Cuban refugee, employed, the journalist said, by the Central Intelligence Agency. The Americans brought him and a half-dozen other Cubans here to interrogate guerrilla prisoners.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896142959594727, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "There was no doubt about it. It was Che, much slimmer than he used to be in the old photographs, smiling at Punta del Este, cutting cane in Cuba. But that seemed to be a normal consequence of half a year in the Bolivian jungle. He didn't look emaciated, as one had been given to believe by Bolivian army reports that Che, known as \"Ramon\" among the Bolivian guerrillas, was a very sick man, suffering from asthma and rheumatism, and finding it impossible to walk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.085137844085693, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "They were washing the body. \"Show some respect,\" a Bolivian army sergeant exhorted the journalists, \"at least don't take pictures of him in the nude.\" A captain threateningly showed a film he had grabbed from a bystander's camera and confiscated. The soldiers were trying to dress the body. They got the trousers on, but when they tried to put on the jacket, it  turned out that the arms were already getting stiff. And so they had to give up their attempt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.361247062683105, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "General Ovando, chief of the Bolivian armed forces, was inspecting the ceremony in person. One of the radio reporters, representing a station in Santa Cruz, talked into his tape recorder: \"This is Vallegrande. The leader of the Castro communist invasion of our fatherland has fallen here, thanks to the effort of the Bolivian armed forces, commanded by the glorious General Ovando.\" The general smiled a delphic smile.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.997888565063477, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "If the army officials had stuck to one story from the beginning, they would have fared better. But while Colonel Zenteno, chief of the Eighth Division in Santa Cruz, who was directly responsible for the killing of Che, maintained Che had died immediately, officials higher up talked freely of what Che had said and how he had acted after his capture. I flew to Vallegrande in a military transport plane from Santa Cruz, together with Admiral Ugarteche, commander-in-chief of the Bolivian navy, who said: \"I have been told that Che's last words were: 'I am Che. Don't kill me. I have failed.' I have the impression he wanted to save his life. It's very often like that. In battle, you don't feel fear, but afterwards you become a coward.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.355903148651123, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Only now is it possible to piece together Che's itinerary after his disappearance. He seems to have traveled widely in Latin America, appearing now and then in Guatemala, where guerrillas are active, in Peru and in Brazil. He used various passports, some of which the Bolivian government found in a dead guerrilla fighter's mochila. He may have been in the Congo. He most certainly at one time or another was in North Vietnam, where the hard-core Bolivian guerrillas were sent for training as a kind of revolutionary counterpart to the American Special Forces who get their training in South Vietnam and use their knowledge to train highly efficient Bolivian Rangers. For a couple of weeks during the spring of 1966, Guevara was in Paris; then in late 1966, he arrived in Bolivia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.317447304725647, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "His affection for Bolivia apparently began when, as a young student in the fifties, he had bummed his way around Latin America. Bolivia had had a glorious revolution; its army had been completely wiped out in three days of heavy battle in April 1952; the tin mines had been nationalized, the large estates broken up. But the army was recreated by President Victor Paz Estenssoro; life for the miners was still bad; land reform did nothing to improve agriculture; the peasants' trade unions soon turned into armed gangs used by sindicato leaders for their own ends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.950439453125, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "It was easy for Che Guevara to conclude later that the Bolivian revolution had failed because it hadn't gone whole hog as had the Cuban's. But he apparently had no illusions that the Bolivians could repeat, the Cuban pattern. For one thing, the Cuban revolution had taken place at a time when the Soviet Union was favorably inclined to helping revolutions in the Third World. This was no longer so, Che had observed; then too, the Cuban revolution was at the outset at least tolerated by the United States. But not even democratic liberal, \"constitutional\" revolutions, such as the one in the Dominican Republic in 1965, would any longer be tolerated by the US, he thought. A successful revolution in Bolivia would mean intervention on a massive scale by US troops, Che believed, and this actually was what he was aiming for. In his 1967 message to the Tricontinental Conference in Havana, written when he already was in Bolivia, he exhorted revolutionaries all over Latin America to create \"two, three, many Vietnams\" and try to bleed the American military forces to death. As he was writing that message, he himself was actively training his men in Kfancahuazu in southern Bolivia to do just that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0729076862335205, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "It is now known that Guevara appeared at a secret meeting in Prague in early May 1965, after his disappearance from Cuba. At the meeting, a group of Bolivians, who were later to become the nucleus of the guerrilla force, listened to Che explain that they had to prepare themselves by studying the revolutionary situation in Latin America, but above all by preparing themselves militarily. One of those attending was Coco Peredo, member of the Bolivian Communist Party's Central Committee, and by profession a taxi driver in La Paz, who immediately proceeded to North Vietnam, where for the next year he and others were given training in guerrilla warfare. In late 1966, they resurfaced in Bolivia, where a farm had been bought, and where military training was taking place, much as Fidel and Che 10 years earlier had trained their troops on a deserted farm in the state of Michoacan in Mexico. But things didn't go as planned. In early 1967, both the CIA and the Bolivian army were aware something was going on. A member of the original nucleus had talked, and, it is believed, had done so for money. In March, after a sudden battle with Bolivian troops in the area, the guerrillas had to move on hurriedly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.704401731491089, "source": "search", "title": "The Death of Che Guevara | New Republic" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "But to be more precise, the current Che revival started in 1997, on the thirtieth anniversary of his death, when five biographies hit the bookstores, and his remains were discovered near an airstrip at Bolivia’s Vallegrande airport, after a retired Bolivian general, in a spectacularly timed revelation, disclosed the exact location. The anniversary refocused attention on Freddy Alborta’s famous photograph of Che’s corpse laid out on a table, foreshortened and dead and romantic, looking like Christ in a Mantegna painting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0779101848602295, "source": "search", "title": "The Killing Machine: Che Guevara ... - Independent Institute" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "How many people were killed at La Cabaña? Pedro Corzo offers a figure of some two hundred, similar to that given by Armando Lago, a retired economics professor who has compiled a list of 179 names as part of an eight-year study on executions in Cuba. Vilasuso told me that four hundred people were executed between January and the end of June in 1959 (at which point Che ceased to be in charge of La Cabaña). Secret cables sent by the American Embassy in Havana to the State Department in Washington spoke of “over 500.” According to Jorge Castañeda, one of Guevara’s biographers, a Basque Catholic sympathetic to the revolution, the late Father Iñaki de Aspiazú, spoke of seven hundred victims. Félix Rodríguez, a CIA agent who was part of the team in charge of the hunt for Guevara in Bolivia, told me that he confronted Che after his capture about “the two thousand or so” executions for which he was responsible during his lifetime. “He said they were all CIA agents and did not address the figure,” Rodríguez recalls. The higher figures may include executions that took place in the months after Che ceased to be in charge of the prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.44765007495880127, "source": "search", "title": "The Killing Machine: Che Guevara ... - Independent Institute" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Having failed as a hero of social justice, does Guevara deserve a place in the history books as a genius of guerrilla warfare? His greatest military achievement in the fight against Batista—taking the city of Santa Clara after ambushing a train with heavy reinforcements—is seriously disputed. Numerous testimonies indicate that the commander of the train surrendered in advance, perhaps after taking bribes. (Gutiérrez Menoyo, who led a different guerrilla group in that area, is among those who have decried Cuba’s official account of Guevara’s victory.) Immediately after the triumph of the revolution, Guevara organized guerrilla armies in Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Panama, and Haiti—all of which were crushed. In 1964, he sent the Argentine revolutionary Jorge Ricardo Masetti to his death by persuading him to mount an attack on his native country from Bolivia, just after representative democracy had been restored to Argentina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3485380709171295, "source": "search", "title": "The Killing Machine: Che Guevara ... - Independent Institute" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "In Bolivia, Che was defeated again, and for the last time. He misread the local situation. There had been an agrarian reform years before; the government had respected many of the peasant communities’ institutions; and the army was close to the United States despite its nationalism. “The peasant masses don’t help us at all” was Guevara’s melancholy conclusion in his Bolivian diary. Even worse, Mario Monje, the local communist leader, who had no stomach for guerrilla warfare after having been humiliated at the elections, led Guevara to a vulnerable location in the southeast of the country. The circumstances of Che’s capture at Yuro ravine, soon after meeting the French intellectual Régis Debray and the Argentine painter Ciro Bustos, both of whom were arrested as they left the camp, was, like most of the Bolivian expedition, an amateur’s affair.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6091102957725525, "source": "search", "title": "The Killing Machine: Che Guevara ... - Independent Institute" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Guevara was in Bolivia trying to overthrow the government there — probably to spark a similar revolution as Castro's in Cuba — when Rodriguez began to track him down. An informant advised the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro Ravine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.37008774280548096, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "When he asked why Guevara selected Bolivia, Rodriguez said Che told him, \"One, it was far away from the United States. Second, it was a very poor country so he didn't feel that the United States would have that much interest in Bolivia, and third and most important to him, it had a boundary with five different countries.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9457110166549683, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "Rodriguez said Guevara told him that if he had been able to take over Bolivia, it would have been easier for the revolution to spread to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru —– \"all of those countries next to Bolivia.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.681718826293945, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "As an operative working for the CIA, Rodriguez's orders were to keep Che Guevara alive — even as the Bolivians were in command and Rodriguez was acting only as an adviser.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.212857723236084, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "The Bolivians, however, were not keen on letting Guevara live.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.856062412261963, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "A helicopter pilot arrived with a camera and said the intelligence chief wanted a photo of Guevara as a prisoner. As other photos were later taken, a Bolivian woman approached the schoolhouse where Guevara was held and asked what was happening.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4304136037826538, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "\"I felt that I was there to advise, not to command. It was a decision of the Bolivian government. If I had taken that decision and saved him, it would probably be one that I would really regret for the rest of my life. I decided to let history run its course.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48867416381836, "source": "search", "title": "On Anniversary of Che Killing, CIA's Felix Rodriguez Remembers" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "A statement issued by the commander of the Eighth Bolivian Army Division, Colonel Joaquin Zenteno Anaya, said the 39-year-old guerrilla leader was shot dead near the jungle village of Higueras, in the south-east of the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.96872615814209, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1967: Che Guevara 'shot dead'" }, { "answer": "Bolivia", "passage": "His uncle, Luis Cuartero, was a missionary in Bolivia at the time", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26324462890625, "source": "search", "title": "Photos kept in family show Che Guevara after he was killed" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Daryl Frank Dragon (born August 27, 1942) is a keyboardist, known as Captain from the pop musical duo Captain & Tennille, with his former wife, Toni Tennille. ", "precise_score": 3.7460601329803467, "rough_score": 5.369096755981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daryl Dragon" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Dragon's familiar image and stage name came from his time as a keyboard player with The Beach Boys in the early 1970s. Beach Boys lead singer Mike Love gave him the nickname \"Captain\", and it stuck; Dragon began the tradition of wearing a nautical captain's hat to go along with the name. As Captain in Captain & Tennille, Dragon was frequently silent and a man of very few words, playing a foil to his outgoing, vivacious wife, Toni Tennille.", "precise_score": -1.0680463314056396, "rough_score": -0.9547504186630249, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daryl Dragon" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "In 1962, Dragon became a member of the band Charles Wright & the Wright Sounds, a group which included future Watts Band member John Raynford. On double LP \"The Visit\" by Bob Smith, released in 1970, Dragon is credited as Captain Keyboard. Dragon also made significant contributions with keyboarding and musical scoring on the Beach Boys' 1972 release Carl and the Passions – \"So Tough\". He co-wrote the track \"Cuddle Up\" with Beach Boys' Dennis Wilson. Dragon's orchestrations on the tracks \"Make It Good\" and \"Cuddle Up\" translated the melodic ideas that Dennis Wilson was looking for. Dragon contributed vibes and melodica in the song \"Wind ’n’ Sea\" by the band Farm, a group put together by brothers Dennis Dragon and Doug Dragon for the soundtrack to The Innermost Limits of Pure Fun, a surf film directed by George Greenough. He also did session work with Dennis Dragon for the Go for It soundtrack and, in the early 1980's, with the rock band Survivor. In 1981, Dragon contributed to Carpenters' Made In America album, programming synthesisers on \"(Want You) Back In My Life Again\". In 1996, Dragon played keyboard on a number of tracks on the self-titled album by pop punk band Size 14.", "precise_score": -2.258493185043335, "rough_score": -1.0918596982955933, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daryl Dragon" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "That's the essence of \"Toni Tennille: A Memoir\" (Taylor Trade Publishing), which details the relationship of Daryl \"the Captain\" Dragon and Toni Tennille, better known as `70s pop-music duo the Captain & Tennille.", "precise_score": 5.109685897827148, "rough_score": 5.814239978790283, "source": "search", "title": "Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille Net Worth is $9 Million. Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Tennille is one-half of the 1970s' Grammy Award-winning duo Captain & Tennille; she has a net worth of $9 million. In addition to performing with her husband Daryl Dragon, Toni Tennile Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Tennille is one-half of the 1970s Grammy Award-winning duo Captain & Tennille. Tennille has also done musical work independently of her husband Daryl Dragon. Tennille has a contralto vocal range.", "precise_score": -1.4338761568069458, "rough_score": 0.002740759402513504, "source": "search", "title": "Toni Tennille Videos - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "73-year-old Toni Tennille, whose real name is Cathryn Antoinette Tennille, filed for divorce from Daryl Dragon (The Captain), 71, on January 16 after 39 years of marriage but he admits he has no idea why.", "precise_score": 0.7628687620162964, "rough_score": -0.20643891394138336, "source": "search", "title": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille, whose real name is Cathryn Antoinette Tennille, 73, filed for divorce from Daryl Dragon, known as the Captain, 71, on Jan. 16, according to People . The legal documents were filed in Arizona.", "precise_score": 0.6300308108329773, "rough_score": -0.7422963380813599, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille Net Worth is $9 Million. Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Tennille is one-half of the 1970s' Grammy Award-winning duo Captain & Tennille; she has a net worth of $9 million. In addition to performing with her husband Daryl Dragon, Toni Tennile Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Tennille is one-half of the 1970s Grammy Award-winning duo Captain & Tennille. Tennille has also done musical work independently of her husband Daryl Dragon. Tennille has a contralto vocal range.", "precise_score": -1.4338761568069458, "rough_score": 0.002740759402513504, "source": "search", "title": "Toni Tennille Girlfriend - Toni Tennille Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The pair met in 1972. Daryl Dragon (The Captain) was playing for the Beach Boys at the time. In between tours, he was called to audition for a job as a keyboardist for a local theater group which happened to be starring a talented young singer named Toni Tennille. The two hit it off and when the theater run ended, Dragon recommended her as a backup singer for the Beach Boys. They also started to play in small clubs around the Los Angeles area where they built a loyal following and captured the attention of A&M Records who signed the duo in 1974. They also entered into another contract that year, when the pair tied the knot.", "precise_score": 3.185371160507202, "rough_score": 6.027599811553955, "source": "search", "title": "daryl dragon – Long Island 70s Kid" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain & Tennille are a husband and wife US pop music duo who achieved super stardom success during the 1970s and early 1980s. The duo consists of The Captain, Daryl Frank Dragon (born August 27, 1942), and Tennille, Toni Tennille, (born Cathryn Antoinette Tennille on May 8, 1940).", "precise_score": 2.919767379760742, "rough_score": 7.705740451812744, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Keyboardist/arranger \"Captain\" Daryl Dragon and his wife, singer/pianist Toni Tennille, scored a series of pop/rock hits in a light, romantic vein in the second half of the 1970s, the most successful of which was the first, \"Love Will Keep Us Together.\" The couple met in the summer of 1971, when Dragon was engaged as the keyboard player for a musical revue, Mother Earth, composed by Tennille. Dragon, born August 27, 1942, in Los Angeles, was the son of conductor Carmen Dragon; his mother was a singer. He studied piano while growing up and briefly attended California State University at Northridge before dropping out to form an instrumental jazz trio with his brothers called the Dragons. The group released the single \"Elephant Stomp\"/\"Troll\" on Capitol Records in 1964, but its style was out of step with labelmates the Beatles, who dominated popular music at the time. In 1967, Dragon became a touring backup musician for the Beach Boys. He was dubbed \"Captain Keyboard\" by lead singer Mike Love because he always appeared on-stage in a yachting cap. In addition to touring with the Beach Boys, Dragon appeared on their albums of the period, including Sunflower and Holland, and he was billed as Rumbo on a British single released in 1970, \"Sound of Free\"/\"Lady,\" credited to the Beach Boys' Dennis Wilson & Rumbo.", "precise_score": 3.1991002559661865, "rough_score": 5.9422430992126465, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Music work outside of Captain & Tennille", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336228370666504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Daryl Dragon" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him' - Entertainment - Daytona Beach News-Journal Online - Daytona Beach, FL", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230377197265625, "source": "search", "title": "Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.103965759277344, "source": "search", "title": "Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The couple met in 1972 near the end of the run of an ecological stage musical that Tennille had written. Dragon, who was called \"Captain of the Keyboards\" by the Beach Boys, was hired for the musical's band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9426069259643555, "source": "search", "title": "Tennille on the Captain: `I've never felt loved by him ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS | National Enquirer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.757699966430664, "source": "search", "title": "CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS | National Enquirer" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2830302715301514, "source": "search", "title": "CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS | National Enquirer" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The 72-year-old musician – famed for wearing a captain’s hat – has failed to bounce back from the devastating split, and his health has deteriorated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.803359031677246, "source": "search", "title": "CAPTAIN DARYL DRAGON HEALTH WORSENS | National Enquirer" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille Net Worth is $9 Million. Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Tennille is one-half of the 1970s' Grammy Award-winning duo Captain & Tennille; she has a net worth of $9 million. In addition to performing with her husband Daryl Dragon, Toni Tennile. Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Ten...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.49466609954834, "source": "search", "title": "Toni Tennille Videos - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Tennille was born and raised in Montgomery, Alabama, as part of a family of entertainers. Her father, Frank Tennille, who used the pseudonym Clark Randall, was a big band singer with Bob Crosby and the Bobcats and her mother, Cathryn Tennille, was a local television pioneer, being the hostess of Montgomery's first daytime TV talk show. Tennille's musical sisters, Jane, Louisa, and Melissa, all sang on her variety TV shows, as well as on the Captain & Tennille albums. Tennille began her career studying classical piano at Auburn University and singing with the university's big band, the Auburn Knights. Her sister, Louisa Tennille, is the background singer in her band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.398301124572754, "source": "search", "title": "Toni Tennille Videos - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after 39 years of marriage | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.137800216674805, "source": "search", "title": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Their most famous hit is Love Will Keep Us Together but Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille's marriage has ended. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.591287612915039, "source": "search", "title": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "It's all over: Toni Tennille has filed for divorce from her husband Daryl Dragon aka Captain after 39 years of marriage and a successful music career together", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.327065944671631, "source": "search", "title": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Tennille revealed in 2010 that the Captain was suffering from a neurological condition similar to Parkinson’s which was affecting his ability to play the keyboard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.247512817382812, "source": "search", "title": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Struggle: Tennille revealed in 2010 that the Captain is struggling with a neurological illness similar to Parkinson's", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324671745300293, "source": "search", "title": "Seventies singing duo Captain & Tennille to divorce after ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce - ABC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387554168701172, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264562606811523, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "WATCH Love Not Enough to Keep Captain & Tennille Together?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48366641998291, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The singing duo of Captain & Tennille are headed for divorce.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.15009880065918, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "In the 70s, Tennille and Dragon toured with the Beach Boys, for whom Dragon played the keyboard. (It was Beach Boys lead singer Mike Love who reportedly gave him the nickname \"Captain.\") Together, they released a number of hits, including \"Love Will Keep Us Together,\" \"Do That To Me One More Time\" and \"Muskrat Love.\" They also had a TV variety series on ABC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7737233638763428, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain And Tennille to Divorce - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49495792388916, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain & Tennille to divorce: Powerhouse '70s duo split after 39 years of marriage", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.394705295562744, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409313201904297, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille, left, and Darl ‘the Captain’ Dragon are getting divorced after 39 years of marriage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.498791694641113, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain & Tennille, the '70s singing duo who famously sang \"Love Will Keep Us Together,\" are calling it quits after 39 years of marriage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.121530532836914, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Captain & Tennille were also best known for hits such as \"Muskrat Love\" and \"Do That To Me One More Time.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167570114135742, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The Captain & Tennille perform at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall in New York in October 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.051129341125488, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "It appears fans of the longtime couple weren't the only ones surprised by news of the split.The Captain himself said he was surprised by his wife's filing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994939804077148, "source": "search", "title": "The Captain & Tennille are getting divorced - NY Daily News" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille Net Worth is $9 Million. Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Tennille is one-half of the 1970s' Grammy Award-winning duo Captain & Tennille; she has a net worth of $9 million. In addition to performing with her husband Daryl Dragon, Toni Tennile. Cathryn Antoinette \"Toni\" Ten...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.49466609954834, "source": "search", "title": "Toni Tennille Girlfriend - Toni Tennille Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Tennille was born and raised in Montgomery, Alabama, as part of a family of entertainers. Her father, Frank Tennille, who used the pseudonym Clark Randall, was a big band singer with Bob Crosby and the Bobcats and her mother, Cathryn Tennille, was a local television pioneer, being the hostess of Montgomery's first daytime TV talk show. Tennille's musical sisters, Jane, Louisa, and Melissa, all sang on her variety TV shows, as well as on the Captain & Tennille albums. Tennille began her career studying classical piano at Auburn University and singing with the university's big band, the Auburn Knights. Her sister, Louisa Tennille, is the background singer in her band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.398301124572754, "source": "search", "title": "Toni Tennille Girlfriend - Toni Tennille Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "1000+ images about Captain & Tennille on Pinterest | Cruise ships, Dionne warwick and American singers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282591819763184, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille on Pinterest | Youtube, Watches and ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Toni Tennille of The Captain & Tennille - You Never Done It Like That - 1979 in a stunning Bob Mackie gown!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74951171875, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille on Pinterest | Youtube, Watches and ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "She had a pristine voice and a pretty smile; he was a gifted keyboardist with a penchant for sailor’s caps. Together, they became the Captain and Tennille. Throughout the 70s, the talented duo released a string of hit records and even starred in their own television variety show. And, much like a fairy tale, love has kept them together ever since.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.96030330657959, "source": "search", "title": "daryl dragon – Long Island 70s Kid" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "They came out of the gate strong in 1975, with their first album, Love Will Keep Us Together. The first single, a playful Neil Sedaka-penned song of the same name, shot all the way up to #1, earning the Captain and Tennille a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. They followed their debut with a new album in 1976, called Songs of Joy, and more hits followed, including “The Way I Want to Touch You,” “Shop Around,” Lonely Night (Angel Face)” and the silly ballad, “Muskrat Love.” Each of these songs made it at least to the #4 spot on the charts, making the Captain and Tennille a household name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.447673797607422, "source": "search", "title": "daryl dragon – Long Island 70s Kid" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "The pair had such a wonderful chemistry together that ABC offered them a prime-time variety show that same year. Simply called The Captain and Tennille, the show featured the two lovebirds singing, telling jokes and hamming it up for their nationwide audience. The show was quite popular, but also a distraction for the duo, who wanted to focus most of their attention on their musical efforts. After a single year, the series was cancelled and the Captain and Tennille were back in the studio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.298172950744629, "source": "search", "title": "daryl dragon – Long Island 70s Kid" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Despite the end of the Captain and Tennille as a performing act, the pair have kept busy ever since. Both worked as studio session musicians for many years, including Toni’s appearance as a backup singer on the Pink Floyd blockbuster album, The Wall. She also did a stint appearing in the Broadway musical Victor/Victoria, before turning her attention to the pop standards of yesteryear, her sultry voice now exquisitely backed by a full orchestra. More importantly, you’ll be happy to know that all these years later, they are still happily married.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.51370620727539, "source": "search", "title": "daryl dragon – Long Island 70s Kid" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Were you fans of the Captain and Tennille back in the day? Did you tune into their television series each week? Feel free to share all of your memories of this talented duo in our comments section below , as we pay tribute to this unforgettable part of the 1970s decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.793732643127441, "source": "search", "title": "daryl dragon – Long Island 70s Kid" }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418510437011719, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Dragon and Tennille toured with the Beach Boys for a year, meanwhile becoming a romantic couple (they married in 1975), then left and began performing in Los Angeles clubs as a duo called Captain & Tennille. (Dragon insists that the name is not \"The Captain & Tennille,\" although it is frequently printed that way.) In September 1973, they financed their own debut single, Tennille's romantic ballad composition \"The Way I Want to Touch You,\" pressing up 500 copies on their own Butterscotch Castle Records label and earning airplay in Los Angeles. \"The Way I Want to Touch You\" was purchased by the large independent A&M Records, which re-released it and signed Captain & Tennille to a contract, apparently viewing them correctly as a slightly harder rocking, slightly sexier version of the Carpenters, who also recorded for the label. For their next single, Captain & Tennille covered Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield's \"Love Will Keep Us Together,\" a song that had appeared recently on Sedaka's American comeback album, Sedaka's Back, even singing \"Sedaka is back\" at the end of the track. The disc became a number one, gold-selling hit, launching Captain & Tennille's career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.835981845855713, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "In September 1976, The Captain & Tennille, a weekly hourlong musical variety series, debuted on the ABC television network, which apparently viewed them incorrectly as an answer to CBS' Sonny & Cher. The show proved to be Captain & Tennille's first false step, failing to earn high ratings and, in Dragon's judgment, overexposing the duo and thus hurting their record sales. Although ABC was willing to extend the series, the couple demurred, and the show went off the air after only one season in March 1977. \"Can't Stop Dancin',\" their disco-oriented new single, made the Top 20, but broke their string of Top Ten, gold-selling singles, and Come In from the Rain, their third album, also marked a drop in sales, although it went gold. The duo embarked on a four-month national tour in May 1977, playing 90 cities through September. In November, A&M released the profit-taking Captain & Tennille's Greatest Hits, suggesting that the label felt their best days were already behind them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.979042053222656, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Dream, their fourth album, released in July 1978, never reached the Top 100, although it stayed in the charts twice as long as Come In from the Rain, buoyed by the Top Ten success of the Neil Sedaka composition \"You Never Done It Like That.\" Captain & Tennille left A&M for Casablanca Records, a move that turned out to be unwise, since the formerly trendy label (known for Donna Summer and Kiss) was entering a decline. Nevertheless, their label debut, Make Your Move, released in the fall of 1979, returned them to gold record status, featuring the chart-topping hit \"Do That to Me One More Time,\" written by Tennille. By 1980, however, Casablanca was nearly moribund and was not able to promote Captain & Tennille's sixth album, Keeping Our Love Warm, which failed to even reach the charts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.064447402954102, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "Captain & Tennille briefly moved to CBS, but the deal ended without any records being released. In 1982, they recorded an album called More Than Dancing for the tiny Australian label Wizard Records, which released it in Australia only in 1984. (It was reissued in Australia by Raven in 2002 with bonus tracks as More Than Dancing…Much More). Thereafter, they essentially retired as a recording act while still playing occasional shows. Tennille went on to a solo career as a singer of traditional pop, performing with big bands and releasing the albums More Than You Know (1984), All of Me (1987), Do It Again (1990), Never Let Me Go (1992), Things Are Swingin' (1994), Tennille Sings Big Band (1998), and Incurably Romantic (2001), while Dragon produced her records and ran Rumbo Recorders, a recording studio he had built in Los Angeles in 1979 that hosted major acts, including Guns N' Roses. (Dragon sold the studio in 2003.) In 1995, the two re-recorded some of their hits along with standards like \"Unchained Melody\" for the Captain & Tennille reunion album Twenty Years of Romance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.485359191894531, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." }, { "answer": "Captain", "passage": "In the second half of the 1990s, Tennille became increasingly involved in stage musicals, starring, for example, in a touring company of Victor/Victoria in 1998, while Dragon joined ex-Beach Boy Al Jardine's \"Beach Boys Family and Friends\" troupe in 1999. Increasingly, however, the couple preferred to remain at their home in northern Nevada rather than perform on the road. In November 2003, Tennille gave a concert benefiting the Reno Chamber Orchestra. Dragon was her special guest, and the two performed half a dozen songs together, including several Captain & Tennille hits. The show was recorded, resulting in the double-CD An Intimate Evening with Toni Tennille, the first album to feature Captain & Tennille live performances, released exclusively by the Reno Chamber Orchestra through its website, http://renochamberorchestra.org . ~ William Ruhlmann, All Music Guide", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.803195953369141, "source": "search", "title": "Captain & Tennille’s Biography — Free listening, videos ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, and the second most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states, following New Jersey. Its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound.", "precise_score": -8.615103721618652, "rough_score": -9.188682556152344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island's official nickname is \"The Ocean State\", a reference to the fact that the state has several large bays and inlets that amount to about 14% of its total area. Rhode Island covers 1241 sqmi, of which 1045 sqmi are land.", "precise_score": -11.073420524597168, "rough_score": -10.956188201904297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The earliest documented use of the name \"Rhode Island\" for Aquidneck was in 1637 by Roger Williams. The name was officially applied to the island in 1644 with these words: \"Aquethneck shall be henceforth called the Isle of Rodes or Rhode-Island.\" The name \"Isle of Rodes\" is used in a legal document as late as 1646. Dutch maps as early as 1659 call the island \"Red Island\" (Roodt Eylant).", "precise_score": -9.122607231140137, "rough_score": -9.456002235412598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island covers an area of 1214 sqmi located within the New England Region, and is bordered on the north and east by Massachusetts, on the west by Connecticut, and on the south by Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean.[http://sos.ri.gov/library/history/facts/ Office of the Secretary of State: A. Ralph Mollis: State Library]. Sos.ri.gov. Retrieved on July 12, 2013. It shares a narrow maritime border with New York State between Block Island and Long Island. The mean elevation of the state is 200 ft. It is only 37 mi wide and 48 mi long, yet the state has a tidal shoreline on Narragansett Bay and the Atlantic Ocean of 384 mi. ", "precise_score": -11.097728729248047, "rough_score": -10.373452186584473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is nicknamed the Ocean State and has a number of oceanfront beaches. It is mostly flat with no real mountains, and the state's highest natural point is Jerimoth Hill, 812 ft above sea level.", "precise_score": -9.906901359558105, "rough_score": -9.276512145996094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has two distinct natural regions. Eastern Rhode Island contains the lowlands of the Narragansett Bay, while Western Rhode Island forms part of the New England Upland. Rhode Island's forests are part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion. ", "precise_score": -11.256229400634766, "rough_score": -11.093144416809082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is on the borderline between humid subtropical and humid continental climates with warm, rainy summers and chilly winters. The highest temperature recorded in Rhode Island was 104 °F, recorded on August 2, 1975 in Providence. The lowest recorded temperature in Rhode Island was on February 5, 1996 in Greene. Monthly average temperatures range from a high of 83 °F to a low of 20 °F. ", "precise_score": -10.836177825927734, "rough_score": -10.745583534240723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "During King Philip's War (1675–1676), a force of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth militia under General Josiah Winslow invaded and destroyed the fortified Narragansett Indian village in the Great Swamp in what is now South Kingstown, Rhode Island on December 19, 1675. The Indians referred to this as a massacre. The Wampanoag tribe under war-leader Metacomet, whom the colonists called \"King Philip\", invaded and burned down several of the towns in the area—including Providence, which was attacked twice. In one of the final actions of the war, Benjamin Church killed King Philip in what is now Bristol, Rhode Island; King Philip's head was put on a pole and stood at the entrance to Plimoth Plantation as a warning to other Indians for years. ", "precise_score": -11.131075859069824, "rough_score": -10.927742004394531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island was heavily involved in the slave trade during the post-revolution era. In 1774, the slave population of Rhode Island was 6.3%, nearly twice as high as any other New England colony. ", "precise_score": -9.766522407531738, "rough_score": -10.667235374450684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Since the Great Depression, the Rhode Island Democratic Party has dominated local politics. Rhode Island has comprehensive health insurance for low-income children, and a large social safety net. Many urban areas still have a high rate of children in poverty. Due to an influx of residents from Boston, increasing housing costs have resulted in more homeless in Rhode Island. ", "precise_score": -11.146561622619629, "rough_score": -10.729117393493652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In March 2010, areas of the state received record flooding due to rising rivers from heavy rain. The first period of rainy weather in mid-March caused localized flooding and, two weeks later, more rain caused more widespread flooding in many towns, especially south of Providence. Rain totals on March 29–30, 2010 exceeded 14 inches in many locales, resulting in the inundation of area rivers—especially the Pawtuxet River which runs through central Rhode Island. The overflow of the Pawtuxet River, nearly 11 ft above flood stage, submerged a sewage plant and closed a five-mile (8 km) stretch of Interstate 95. In addition, it flooded two shopping malls, numerous businesses, and many homes in the towns of Warwick, West Warwick, Cranston, and Westerly. Amtrak service was also suspended between New York and Boston during this period. Following the flood, Rhode Island was in a state of emergency for two days. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was called in to help flood victims.", "precise_score": -11.182748794555664, "rough_score": -10.936617851257324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island's population barely crosses the threshold for additional votes in both the federal House of Representatives and Electoral College; it is well represented relative to its population, with the eighth-highest number of electoral votes and second-highest number of House Representatives per resident. Based on its area, Rhode Island even has the highest density of electoral votes. ", "precise_score": -7.216254711151123, "rough_score": -8.170190811157227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island was the Democrats' leading state in 1988 and 2000, and second-best in 1968, 1996, and 2004. Rhode Island's most one-sided Presidential election result was in 1964, with over 80% of Rhode Island's votes going for Lyndon B. Johnson. In 2004, Rhode Island gave John Kerry more than a 20-percentage-point margin of victory (the third-highest of any state), with 59.4% of its vote. All but three of Rhode Island's 39 cities and towns voted for the Democratic candidate. The exceptions were East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and Scituate. In 2008, Rhode Island gave Barack Obama a 28-percentage-point margin of victory (the third-highest of any state), with 63% of its vote. All but one of Rhode Island's 39 cities and towns voted for the Democratic candidate (the exception being Scituate). ", "precise_score": -9.848219871520996, "rough_score": -9.783103942871094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has some of the highest taxes in the country, particularly its property taxes, ranking seventh in local and state taxes, and sixth in real estate taxes.", "precise_score": -10.345926284790039, "rough_score": -10.5421142578125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Rhode Island was 1,056,298 on July 1, 2015, a 0.35% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The center of population of Rhode Island is located in Providence County, in the city of Cranston. A corridor of population can be seen from the Providence area, stretching northwest following the Blackstone River to Woonsocket, where 19th-century mills drove industry and development.", "precise_score": -8.626338005065918, "rough_score": -8.780373573303223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "According to the 2010 Census, 81.4% of the population was White (76.4% non-Hispanic white), 5.7% was Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 3.3% from two or more races. 12.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race). ", "precise_score": -10.713705062866211, "rough_score": -9.881938934326172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Of the people residing in Rhode Island, 58.7% were born in Rhode Island, 26.6% were born in a different state, 2.0% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas or born abroad to American parent(s), and 12.6% were foreign born. ", "precise_score": -10.992484092712402, "rough_score": -10.68170166015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, , Rhode Island had an estimated population of 1,056,298, which is an increase of 1,125, or 0.10%, from the prior year and an increase of 3,731, or 0.35%, since the year 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 15,220 people (that is 66,973 births minus 51,753 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 14,001 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 18,965 people, and migration within the country produced a net decrease of 4,964 people.", "precise_score": -7.756741046905518, "rough_score": -7.3997673988342285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The ten largest ancestry groups in Rhode Island, according to the United States Census Bureau's 2014 American Community Survey, are:", "precise_score": -10.644842147827148, "rough_score": -10.295454978942871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 84% of the population aged 5 and older spoke only American English, while 8.07% spoke Spanish at home, 3.80% Portuguese, 1.96% French, 1.39% Italian and 0.78% speak other languages at home accordingly. ", "precise_score": -11.194510459899902, "rough_score": -10.618091583251953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 96.1% in 1970 to 76.5% in 2011. In 2011, 40.3% of Rhode Island's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white. ", "precise_score": -10.465120315551758, "rough_score": -10.52939224243164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "6.1% of Rhode Island's population were reported as under 5, 23.6% under 18, and 14.5% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 52% of the population.", "precise_score": -9.85304069519043, "rough_score": -8.665712356567383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has a higher percentage of Americans of Portuguese ancestry, including Portuguese Americans and Cape Verdean Americans than any other state in the nation. Additionally, the state also has the highest percentage of Liberian immigrants, with more than 15,000 residing in the state. Italian Americans make up a plurality in central and southern Providence County and French Canadians form a large part of northern Providence County. Irish Americans have a strong presence in Newport and Kent counties. Americans of English ancestry still have a presence in the state as well, especially in Washington County, and are often referred to as \"Swamp Yankees.\" African immigrants, including Cape Verdean Americans, Liberian Americans, Nigerian Americans and Ghanaian Americans, form significant and growing communities in Rhode Island.", "precise_score": -7.358721733093262, "rough_score": -7.486077785491943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Although Rhode Island has the smallest land area of all 50 states, it has the second highest population density of any state in the Union, second to that of New Jersey.", "precise_score": -4.999716758728027, "rough_score": -5.840785980224609, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "A Pew survey of Rhode Island residents' religious self-identification showed the following distribution of affiliations: Roman Catholic 43%, Protestant 27%, Jewish 1%, Orthodox 1%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, Buddhism 1%, Mormonism 0.5%, Hinduism 0.5%, Islam 0.5% and Non-religious 23%. The largest denominations are the Roman Catholic Church with 456,598 adherents, the Episcopal Church with 19,377, the American Baptist Churches USA with 15,220, and the United Methodist Church with 6,901 adherents. ", "precise_score": -10.836193084716797, "rough_score": -10.306597709655762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has one of the highest percentage of Roman Catholics in the nation mainly due to large Irish, Italian, and French Canadian immigration in the past; recently, significant Portuguese and various Hispanic communities have also been established in the state. Though it has one of the highest overall Catholic percentages of any state, none of Rhode Island's individual counties ranks among the 10 most Catholic in the United States, as Catholics are very evenly spread throughout the state.", "precise_score": -8.247747421264648, "rough_score": -9.298542022705078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "There are 39 cities and towns in Rhode Island. Major population centers today result from historical factors—with the advent of the water-powered mill development took place predominantly along the Blackstone, Seekonk, and Providence Rivers. Providence is the base of a large metropolitan area.", "precise_score": -10.7455415725708, "rough_score": -10.649727821350098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In common with many other New England states, some of Rhode Island's cities and towns are further partitioned into villages. Notable villages include Kingston, in the town of South Kingstown, which houses the University of Rhode Island, Wickford, in the town of North Kingstown, the site of an annual international art festival, and Wakefield, where the Town Hall of the Town of South Kingstown is located. ", "precise_score": -11.108948707580566, "rough_score": -10.514886856079102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Other important industries in Rhode Island's past included toolmaking, costume jewelry and silverware. An interesting by-product of Rhode Island's industrial history is the number of abandoned factories—many of them now being used for condominiums, museums, offices, and low-income and elderly housing. Today, much of the economy of Rhode Island is based in services, particularly healthcare and education, and still to some extent, manufacturing. Per the 2013 American Communities Survey, Rhode Island has the highest paid elementary school teachers in the country, with an average salary of $72,630. ", "precise_score": -10.673707962036133, "rough_score": -11.084564208984375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island's 2000 total gross state product was $33 billion, placing it 45th in the nation. Its 2000 per capita personal income was $29,685, 16th in the nation. Rhode Island has the lowest level of energy consumption per capita of any state. Additionally, Rhode Island is a rated as the 5th most energy efficient state in the country. In December 2012, the state's unemployment rate was 10.2%. ", "precise_score": -10.366281509399414, "rough_score": -10.19560718536377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Health services are Rhode Island's largest industry. Second is tourism, supporting 39,000 jobs, with tourism-related sales at $3.26 billion in the year 2000. The third-largest industry is manufacturing. Its industrial outputs are costume jewelry, fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, machinery, shipbuilding and boatbuilding. Rhode Island's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, vegetables, dairy products and eggs.", "precise_score": -10.923735618591309, "rough_score": -11.103721618652344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Several Rhode Island highways extend the state's limited-access highway network. RI-4 is a major north-south freeway linking Providence and Warwick (via I-95) with suburban and beach communities along Narragansett Bay. RI-10 is an urban connector linking downtown Providence with Cranston and Johnston. RI-37 is an important east-west freeway through Cranston and Warwick and links I-95 with I-295. RI-99 links Woonsocket with Providence (via RI-146). RI-146 travels through the Blackstone Valley, linking Providence and I-95 with Worcester, Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Turnpike. RI-403 links RI-4 with Quonset Point.", "precise_score": -11.172353744506836, "rough_score": -10.608028411865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The East Bay Bike Path stretches from Providence to Bristol along the eastern shore of Narragansett Bay, while the Blackstone River Bikeway will eventually link Providence and Worcester. In 2011, Rhode Island completed work on a marked on-road bicycle path through Pawtucket and Providence, connecting the East Bay Bike Path with the Blackstone River Bikeway, completing a bicycle route through the eastern side of the state. The William C. O'Neill Bike Path (commonly known as the South County Bike Path) is a 8-mile path through South Kingstown and Narragansett. The 14-mile Washington Secondary Bike Path stretches from Cranston to Coventry, and the 2-mile Ten Mile River Greenway path runs through East Providence and Pawtucket.", "precise_score": -11.054306983947754, "rough_score": -10.866449356079102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Pelham Street in Newport was the first in America to be illuminated by gaslight in 1806. The first strike in the United States in which women participated occurred in Pawtucket in 1824. Watch Hill has the nation's oldest carousel that has been in continuous operation since 1850. The motion picture machine (a machine showing animated pictures) was patented in Providence on April 23, 1867. The first lunch wagon in America was introduced in Providence in 1872. The first nine-hole golf course in America was completed in Newport in 1890. The first state health laboratory was established in Providence on September 1, 1894. The Rhode Island State House was the first building with an all-marble dome to be built in the United States (1895–1901). The first automobile race on a track was held in Cranston on September 7, 1896. The first automobile parade was held in Newport on September 7, 1899 on the grounds of Belcourt Castle.", "precise_score": -11.218929290771484, "rough_score": -11.1040620803833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "There are four NCAA Division I schools in Rhode Island. All four schools compete in different conferences. The Brown University Bears compete in the Ivy League, the Bryant University Bulldogs compete in the Northeast Conference, the Providence College Friars compete in the Big East Conference, and the University of Rhode Island Rams compete in the Atlantic-10 Conference. Three of the schools' football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision, the second-highest level of college football in the United States. Brown plays FCS football in the Ivy League, Bryant plays FCS football in the Northeast Conference, and Rhode Island plays FCS football in the Colonial Athletic Association. All four of the Division I schools in the state compete in an intrastate all-sports competition known as the Ocean State Cup, with Bryant winning the most recent cup in 2011–12 academic year.", "precise_score": -11.072497367858887, "rough_score": -11.083718299865723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "South Dakota (; ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who comprise a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory. South Dakota is the 17th most expansive, but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of about 165,000, is South Dakota's largest city.", "precise_score": 0.9836979508399963, "rough_score": -4.282182216644287, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. The state is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as \"East River\" and \"West River\".Hasselstrom, pp. 2–4. Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state's population, and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops. West of the Missouri, ranching is the predominant agricultural activity, and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending. Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River. The Black Hills, a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux, are located in the southwest part of the state. Mount Rushmore, a major tourist destination, is located there. South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate, with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west. The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome.", "precise_score": -3.470700979232788, "rough_score": -5.243412494659424, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level, the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party, whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 12 presidential elections. Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle, South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents. South Dakota's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state.", "precise_score": -8.080425262451172, "rough_score": -9.282917976379395, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "South Dakota is situated in the north-central United States, and is considered a part of the Midwest by the U.S. Census Bureau; it is also part of the Great Plains region. The culture, economy, and geography of western South Dakota have more in common with the West than the Midwest.Johnson, Dirk. Gold Divides Dakotans as River Did [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res940DE1DF1539F93AA35753C1A96E948260 NYtimes.com] The New York Times. October 9, 1988. (accessed February 14, 2008) South Dakota has a total area of 77116 sqmi, making the state the 17th largest in the Union.", "precise_score": -3.423959255218506, "rough_score": -7.2868499755859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Harney Peak, with an elevation of 7242 ft, is the state's highest point, while the shoreline of Big Stone Lake is the lowest, with an elevation of 966 ft. South Dakota is bordered to the north by North Dakota; to the south by Nebraska; to the east by Iowa and Minnesota; and to the west by Wyoming and Montana. The geographical center of the U.S. is 17 mi west of Castle Rock in Butte County. The North American continental pole of inaccessibility is located between Allen and Kyle, 1024 mi from the nearest coastline. ", "precise_score": -0.9538006782531738, "rough_score": -5.065443992614746, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "The Missouri River is the largest and longest river in the state. Other major South Dakota rivers include the Cheyenne, James, Big Sioux, and White Rivers. Eastern South Dakota has many natural lakes, mostly created by periods of glaciation.Thompson (ed.), pp. 17-18. Additionally, dams on the Missouri River create four large reservoirs: Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, Lake Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark Lake.", "precise_score": -5.523996353149414, "rough_score": -9.08566951751709, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "South Dakota can generally be divided into three regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills. The Missouri River serves as a boundary in terms of geographic, social, and political differences between eastern and western South Dakota. The geography of the Black Hills, long considered sacred ground by Native Americans, differs from its surroundings to such an extent that it can be considered separate from the rest of western South Dakota. At times the Black Hills are combined with the rest of western South Dakota, and people often refer to the resulting two regions divided by the Missouri River as West River and East River.", "precise_score": -7.639135837554932, "rough_score": -9.309602737426758, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Eastern South Dakota generally features higher precipitation and lower topography than the western part of the state. Smaller geographic regions of this area include the Coteau des Prairies, the Dissected Till Plains, and the James River Valley. The Coteau des Prairies is a plateau bordered on the east by the Minnesota River Valley and on the west by the James River Basin. Further to the west, the James River Basin is mostly low, flat, highly eroded land, following the flow of the James River through South Dakota from north to south. The Dissected Till Plains, an area of rolling hills and fertile soil that covers much of Iowa and Nebraska, extends into the southeastern corner of South Dakota. Layers deposited during the Pleistocene epoch, starting around two million years ago, cover most of eastern South Dakota. These are the youngest rock and sediment layers in the state, and are the product of several successive periods of glaciation which deposited a large amount of rocks and soil, known as till, over the area.", "precise_score": -7.689088344573975, "rough_score": -7.977250099182129, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The Great Plains cover most of the western two-thirds of South Dakota. West of the Missouri River the landscape becomes more arid and rugged, consisting of rolling hills, plains, ravines, and steep flat-topped hills called buttes. In the south, east of the Black Hills, lie the South Dakota Badlands. Erosion from the Black Hills, marine skeletons which fell to the bottom of a large shallow sea that once covered the area, and volcanic material all contribute to the geology of this area.", "precise_score": -7.78208065032959, "rough_score": -8.664403915405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The Black Hills are in the southwestern part of South Dakota and extend into Wyoming. This range of low mountains covers 6000 sqmi, with peaks that rise from 2,000 to 4,000 feet (600 to 1,200 m) above their bases. The Black Hills are the location of Harney Peak (7,242 ft or 2,207 m above sea level), the highest point in South Dakota and also the highest point in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Two billion-year-old Precambrian formations, the oldest rocks in the state, form the central core of the Black Hills. Formations from the Paleozoic Era form the outer ring of the Black Hills; these were created between roughly 540 and 250 million years ago. This area features rocks such as limestone, which were deposited here when the area formed the shoreline of an ancient inland sea.", "precise_score": -2.540881872177124, "rough_score": -3.950807571411133, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate grasslands biome. Although grasses and crops cover most of this region, deciduous trees such as cottonwoods, elms, and willows are common near rivers and in shelter belts. ", "precise_score": -6.954227924346924, "rough_score": -9.634408950805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Mammals in this area include bison, deer, pronghorn, coyotes, and prairie dogs. The state bird, the ring-necked pheasant, has adapted well to the area after being introduced from China. Growing populations of bald eagles are spread throughout the state, especially near the Missouri River. Rivers and lakes of the grasslands support populations of walleye, carp, pike, bass, and other species. The Missouri River also contains the pre-historic paddlefish. ", "precise_score": -10.769376754760742, "rough_score": -10.881767272949219, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "South Dakota has a continental climate with four distinct seasons, ranging from cold, dry winters to hot and semi-humid summers. During the summers, the average high temperature throughout the state is often close to 90 °F, although it cools to near 60 °F at night. It is not unusual for South Dakota to have severe hot, dry spells in the summer with the temperature climbing above 100 °F several times a year. Winters are cold with January high temperatures averaging below freezing and low temperatures averaging below 10 °F in most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 120 F at Usta on July 15, 2006 and the lowest recorded temperature is at McIntosh on February 17, 1936. ", "precise_score": -6.943215847015381, "rough_score": -7.559018611907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Average annual precipitation in South Dakota ranges from semi-arid conditions in the northwestern part of the state (around 15 in) to semi-humid around the southeast portion of the state (around 25 in), although a small area centered on Lead in the Black Hills has the highest precipitation at nearly 30 in}} per year. ", "precise_score": -5.25022554397583, "rough_score": -6.8389692306518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "South Dakota summers bring frequent, sometimes severe, thunderstorms with high winds, thunder, and hail. The eastern part of the state is often considered part of Tornado Alley, and South Dakota experiences an average of 30 tornadoes each year. Severe weather in the form of blizzards and ice storms occurs often during winter.", "precise_score": -8.828593254089355, "rough_score": -10.061269760131836, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This is a list of U.S. states by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census. The nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one-sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined.", "precise_score": -9.69057559967041, "rough_score": -10.62423324584961, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by population" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The eleven most populous states, representing 56% of the population, currently have a majority of the Electoral College votes, enough to elect the president, although these eleven states have not voted for the same candidate in any presidential election since 1984.", "precise_score": -10.972794532775879, "rough_score": -10.792183876037598, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by population" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island Population demographics 2016, 2015", "precise_score": -9.735240936279297, "rough_score": -10.669526100158691, "source": "search", "title": "Rhode Island Population demographics 2016, 2015" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island City & Town Resident Population", "precise_score": -10.674284934997559, "rough_score": -10.97961139678955, "source": "search", "title": "Rhode Island City & Town Resident Population - RI DLT" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "A highly ranked internet website lists the current populations of black bears that were “…extirpated or nearly so in approximately 15 states which they originally inhabited”, but they show data for only 14 states with populations listed as “extinct” or very low (less than 150). The problem is, the “recent” data that is cited is from 1993.  Another highly ranked website about black bears even cites population data as old as 1982.", "precise_score": -10.878084182739258, "rough_score": -10.725584983825684, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "Twenty years is a long time and things have changed; Human population and development have increased and land use and the age and forest structure has changed. Is it still true that black bears are extirpated in states like Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska? Are black bears extirpated from these other states now, or have populations started to recover in those states?", "precise_score": -11.30675983428955, "rough_score": -11.048412322998047, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Kansas – No information was found about black bears at Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks website. But there have been a few regular sightings the last few years and neighboring states; Arkansas and Oklahoma have breeding populations of black bears.", "precise_score": -11.21170425415039, "rough_score": -10.969372749328613, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Mississippi – Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks; 2007 population estimate at 60 in this document ( http://www.mdwfp.com/media/7778/ factfiction.pdf?iframe). Current website lists black bear population as “MDWFP biologists currently estimate the Mississippi bear population at 40 to 50 bears in the entire state and that’s being generous” (http://www.mdwfp.com/wildlife-hunting/black-bear-program/black-bears-in-ms.aspx) A third estimate seems to indicate black bear populations as high as 100; “At the time of the program’s inception [2002], it was estimated that there were less than 50 bears residing in the state.  Today, estimates of our bear population have more than doubled” (http://www.mdwfp.com/wildlife-hunting/black-bear-program.aspx)Most black bears in Mississippi are near the Pearl and Pascagoula River systems.", "precise_score": -10.104727745056152, "rough_score": -10.806739807128906, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Missouri – In 2003, the Missouri Dept. of Conservation estimated black bear populations at 300. In 2013, the population estimate from the 2011 and 2012 black bear project using radio collar data and hair traps puts the population estimate at 225. Most of the bears are in 10 counties in south-central Missouri.", "precise_score": -10.206828117370605, "rough_score": -8.843884468078613, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island – No new population estimate, but Rhode Island Dept. of Environmental Management states “With neighboring states having established populations of black bear, Rhode Island now has black bears within its borders.” The Black Bear Society estimates 10 black bears in Rhode Island, but do not cite the source or time of the estimate.", "precise_score": -10.420764923095703, "rough_score": -10.44521427154541, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have reliable data showing that 4.9 percent of Americans hold a high-quality postsecondary certificate as their highest credential. This brings the nation’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 45.3 percent.", "precise_score": -11.158670425415039, "rough_score": -11.065499305725098, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In North Dakota, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 47.2 percent.", "precise_score": -9.179648399353027, "rough_score": -10.378790855407715, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge North Dakota faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in North Dakota by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -10.713433265686035, "rough_score": -10.845210075378418, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Rhode Island, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.1 percent.", "precise_score": -11.09335994720459, "rough_score": -10.798297882080078, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In South Carolina, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 40.7 percent.", "precise_score": -11.053771018981934, "rough_score": -11.078360557556152, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In South Dakota, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 45.1 percent.", "precise_score": -6.954837322235107, "rough_score": -10.029632568359375, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge South Dakota faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in South Dakota by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -9.231611251831055, "rough_score": -10.271869659423828, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that South Dakota has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -10.260477066040039, "rough_score": -11.054044723510742, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "On May 4, 1776, Rhode Island became the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown, and was the fourth to ratify the Articles of Confederation on February 9, 1778 among the newly sovereign states. It boycotted the 1787 convention that drew up the United States Constitution, and initially refused to ratify it. On May 29, 1790, Rhode Island became the 13th and last state to ratify the Constitution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254325866699219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Origin of the name", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.577869415283203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Despite its name, most of Rhode Island is located on the mainland of the United States. The official name of the state is State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which is derived from the merger of two colonies. Rhode Island colony was founded on what is now commonly called Aquidneck Island, the largest of several islands in Narragansett Bay, and included the settlements of Newport and Portsmouth. Providence Plantations was the name of the colony founded by Roger Williams in the area now known as the city of Providence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172035217285156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "It is unclear how Aquidneck Island came to be known as Rhode Island, although there are two popular theories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399675369262695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "* Explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano noted the presence of an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay in 1524, which he likened to the island of Rhodes (part of modern Greece). Subsequent European explorers were unable to precisely identify the island that Verrazzano had named. The Pilgrims who later colonized the area assumed that Verrazzano's \"Rhodes\" was Aquidneck. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378689765930176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "* A second theory concerns the fact that Adriaen Block passed by Aquidneck during his expeditions in the 1610s, described in a 1625 account of his travels as \"an island of reddish appearance\" (in 17th-century Dutch, \"een rodlich Eylande\"). Historians have theorized that this \"reddish appearance\" resulted from either red autumn foliage or red clay on portions of the shore. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34739875793457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Williams was a theologian forced out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Seeking religious and political tolerance, he and others founded \"Providence Plantations\" as a free proprietary colony. \"Providence\" referred to the divine providence, and \"plantations\" was an English term for a colony. \"State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations\" is the longest official name of any state in the Union.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460442543029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In recent years, the presence of the word plantation in the state's name became a sufficiently contested issue that, on June 25, 2009, the General Assembly voted to hold a general referendum determining whether \"and Providence Plantations\" would be dropped from the official name. Advocates for excising plantation asserted that the word specifically referred to the British colonial practice of establishing settlements which disenfranchised native people. They argued that the word symbolized, for many Rhode Islanders, a legacy of violent native disenfranchisement, but also of the proliferation of slavery in the colonies and in the post-colonial United States. (Rhode Island abolished slavery in 1652, but the law was not enforced and, by the early 1700s, it was \"the epicenter of the North American slave trade\", according to the Brown Daily Herald.) Advocates for retaining the name argued that plantation was simply an archaic English synonym for colony and bore no relation to slavery. The referendum election was held on November 2, 2010, and the people voted overwhelmingly (78% to 22%) to retain the entire original name. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.365303039550781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "File:National-atlas-rhode-island.png|Map of Rhode Island, showing major cities and roads", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.457233428955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "File:Newport beach.jpg|Shoreline in Newport, Rhode Island", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.487699508666992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "File:Ninigret Pond National Wildlife Refuge 2.JPG|Ninigret Pond National Wildlife Refuge, Rhode Island", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.558206558227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "A rare type of rock called Cumberlandite is found only in Rhode Island (specifically in the town of Cumberland) and is the state rock. There were initially two known deposits of the mineral, but since it is an ore of iron, one of the deposits was extensively mined for its ferrous content. The state is underlain by the Avalon terrane and was once part of the micro-continent Avalonia before the Iapetus ocean closed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233955383300781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "In 1636, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views, and he settled at the tip of Narragansett Bay on land granted to him by the Narragansett and Pequot tribes. Both tribes were subservient to the Wampanoag tribe led by Massasoit. He called the site Providence, \"having a sense of God's merciful providence unto me in my distress.\" Eventually, it became a place of religious freedom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.519854545593262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 1638 (after conferring with Williams), Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, John Clarke, Philip Sherman, and other religious dissenters settled on Aquidneck Island (then known as Rhode Island), which was purchased from the local natives who called it Pocasset. This settlement was called Portsmouth and was governed by the Portsmouth Compact. The southern part of the island became the separate settlement of Newport after disagreements among the founders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177582740783691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Samuel Gorton purchased the Native American lands at Shawomet in 1642, precipitating a military dispute with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and \"president\". Gorton received a separate charter for his settlement in 1648, which he named Warwick after his patron. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435832977294922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The colony was amalgamated into the Dominion of New England in 1686, as King James II attempted to enforce royal authority over the autonomous colonies in British North America. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the colony regained its independence under the Royal Charter. Slaves were introduced at this time, although there is no record of any law legalizing slave-holding. The colony later prospered under the slave trade, distilling rum to sell in Africa as part of a profitable triangular trade in slaves and sugar with the Caribbean. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508085250854492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Revolutionary to Civil War period: 1770–1860", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.60843563079834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island's tradition of independence and dissent gave it a prominent role in the American Revolution. At approximately 2 a.m. on June 10, 1772, a band of Providence residents attacked the grounded revenue schooner Gaspee, burning it to the waterline for enforcing unpopular trade regulations within Narragansett Bay. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown on May 4, 1776. It was also the last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29, 1790, once assurances were made that a Bill of Rights would become part of the Constitution. During the Revolution, the British occupied Newport. A combined Franco-American force fought to drive them off Aquidneck Island. Portsmouth was the site of the first African-American military unit, the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, to fight for the U.S. in the Battle of Rhode Island of August 29, 1778. The arrival of a French fleet forced the British to scuttle their own ships rather than surrender them to the French. The celebrated march to Yorktown, Virginia in 1781 ended with the defeat of the British at the Siege of Yorktown and the Battle of the Chesapeake.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172826766967773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island was also heavily involved in the Industrial Revolution, which began in America in 1787 when Thomas Somers reproduced textile machine plans which he imported from England. He helped to produce the Beverly Cotton Manufactory, in which Moses Brown of Providence took an interest. Moses Brown teamed up with Samuel Slater and helped to create the second cotton mill in America, a water-powered textile mill. The Industrial Revolution moved large numbers of workers into the cities, creating a permanently landless class who were therefore also voteless. By 1829, 60% of the state's free white males were ineligible to vote. Several attempts were unsuccessfully made to address this problem, and a new state constitution was passed in 1843 allowing landless men to vote if they could pay a $1 poll tax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362875938415527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "For the first several decades of statehood, Rhode Island was governed in accordance with the 1663 colonial charter. Voting rights were restricted to landowners holding at least $134 in property, disenfranchising well over half of the state's male citizens. The charter apportioned legislative seats equally among the state's towns, over-representing rural areas and under-representing the growing industrial centers. Additionally, the charter disallowed landless citizens from filing civil suits without endorsement from a landowner. Bills were periodically introduced in the legislature to expand suffrage, but they were invariably defeated. In 1841, activists led by Thomas W. Dorr organized an extralegal convention to draft a state constitution, arguing that the charter government violated the Guarantee Clause in Article Four, Section Four of the United States Constitution. In 1842, the charter government and Dorr's supporters held separate elections, and two rival governments claimed sovereignty over the state. Dorr's supporters led an armed rebellion against the charter government, and Dorr was arrested and imprisoned for treason against the state. Later that year, the legislature drafted a state constitution, removing property requirements for American-born citizens (i.e., native Americans) but keeping them in place for immigrants, and retaining urban under-representation in the legislature. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24417495727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In the early 19th century, Rhode Island was subject to a tuberculosis outbreak which led to public hysteria about vampirism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441226959228516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "During the American Civil War, Rhode Island was the first Union state to send troops in response to President Lincoln's request for help from the states. Rhode Island furnished 25,236 fighting men, of whom 1,685 died. On the home front, Rhode Island and the other northern states used their industrial capacity to supply the Union Army with the materials that it needed to win the war. The United States Naval Academy moved to Rhode Island temporarily during the war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364519119262695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 1866, Rhode Island abolished racial segregation in the public schools throughout the state. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449691772460938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "During World War I, Rhode Island furnished 28,817 soldiers, of whom 612 died. After the war, the state was hit hard by the Spanish Influenza. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346954345703125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In the 1920s and 1930s, rural Rhode Island saw a surge in Ku Klux Klan membership, largely in reaction to large waves of immigrants moving to the state. The Klan is believed to be responsible for burning the Watchman Industrial School in Scituate, which was a school for African-American children. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.372148513793945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The 350th Anniversary of the founding of Rhode Island was celebrated with a free concert held on the tarmac of the Quonset State Airport on August 31, 1986. Performers included Chuck Berry, Tommy James, and headliner Bob Hope.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358607292175293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "In 2003, a nightclub fire in West Warwick claimed one hundred lives and resulted in nearly twice as many injured, catching national attention. The fire resulted in criminal sentences. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532707214355469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The capital of Rhode Island is Providence. The state's current governor is Gina Raimondo (D), and the lieutenant governor is Daniel McKee (D). Raimondo became Rhode Island's first woman governor with a plurality of the vote in the November 2014 state elections. Its United States Senators are Jack Reed (D) and Sheldon Whitehouse (D). Rhode Island's two United States Representatives are David Cicilline (D-1) and Jim Langevin (D-2). See congressional districts map.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350210189819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is one of a few states that do not have an official Governor's residence. See List of Rhode Island Governors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469046592712402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The state legislature is the Rhode Island General Assembly, consisting of the 75-member House of Representatives and the 38-member Senate. Both houses of the bicameral body are currently dominated by the Democratic Party; the presence of the Republican Party is almost non-existent in the state government, with Republicans holding a handful of seats in both the Senate and House of Representatives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354796409606934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Federally, Rhode Island is a reliably Democratic state during presidential elections, usually supporting the Democratic Presidential nominee. The state voted for the Republican Presidential candidate until 1908. Since then, it has voted for the Republican nominee for President seven times, and the Democratic nominee 17 times. The last 16 presidential elections in Rhode Island have resulted in the Democratic Party winning the Ocean State's Electoral College votes 12 times. In the 1980 presidential election, Rhode Island was one of six states to vote against Republican Ronald Reagan. No Republican since Reagan has even won any of the state's counties in a Presidential election. In 1988, Bush won over 40% of the state's popular vote, something that no Republican has done since. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2837495803833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has abolished capital punishment, making it one of 19 states that have done so. Rhode Island abolished the death penalty very early, just after Michigan, the first state to abolish it, and carried out its last execution in the 1840s. Rhode Island was the second to last state to make prostitution illegal. Until November 2009 Rhode Island law made prostitution legal provided it took place indoors. In a 2009 study Rhode Island was listed as the 9th safest state in the country. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306132316589355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 2011, Rhode Island became the third state in the United States to pass legislation to allow the use of medical marijuana. Additionally, the Rhode Island General Assembly passed civil unions, and it was signed into law by Governor Lincoln Chafee on July 2, 2011. Rhode Island became the eighth state to fully recognize either same-sex marriage or civil unions. Same-Sex Marriage became legal on May 2, 2013 and took effect August 1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48594856262207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Hispanics in the state make up 12.8% of the population, predominantly Dominican, Puerto Rican, and Guatemalan populations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.363530158996582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The Jewish community of Rhode Island is centered in the Providence area, and emerged during a wave of Jewish immigration predominately from Eastern Europeans shtetls between 1880 and 1920. The presence of the Touro Synagogue in Newport, the oldest existing synagogue in the United States, emphasizes that these second-wave immigrants did not create Rhode Island's first Jewish community; a comparatively smaller wave of Spanish and Portuguese Jews immigrated to Newport during the colonial era.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16058349609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is unique among the United States of America in that it permits a Jewish male to marry his niece in accordance with Jewish Law. This was originally enacted presumably to enable all residents to have complete religious freedom. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.114901542663574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is divided into five counties, but along with Connecticut and to a partial extent the rest of New England, it has no county governments. The entire state is divided into municipalities, which handle all local government affairs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324653625488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "#Bristol (22,954)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206451416015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The Rhode Island economy had a colonial base in fishing. The Blackstone River Valley was a major contributor to the American Industrial Revolution. It was in Pawtucket that Samuel Slater set up Slater Mill in 1793, using the waterpower of the Blackstone River to power his cotton mill. For a while, Rhode Island was one of the leaders in textiles. However, with the Great Depression, most textile factories relocated to southern US states. The textile industry still constitutes a part of the Rhode Island economy, but does not have the same power that it once had.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.224651336669922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The headquarters of Citizens Financial Group, the 14th largest bank in the United States, is located in Providence. The Fortune 500 companies CVS Caremark and Textron are based in Woonsocket and Providence, respectively. FM Global, GTECH Corporation, Hasbro, American Power Conversion, Nortek, and Amica Mutual Insurance are all Fortune 1000 companies that are based in Rhode Island. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.188087463378906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island's taxes were appreciably higher than neighboring states, because Rhode Island's income tax was based on 25% of the payer's federal income tax payment. Former Governor Donald Carcieri claimed that the higher tax rate had an inhibitory effect on business growth in the state and called for reductions to increase the competitiveness of the state's business environment. In 2010, the Rhode Island General Assembly passed a new state income tax structure that was then signed into law on June 9, 2010, by Governor Carcieri. The income tax overhaul has now made Rhode Island competitive with other New England states by lowering its maximum tax rate to 5.99% and has reduced the number of tax brackets to three. The state's first income tax was first enacted in 1971. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303746223449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "As of March 2011, the largest employers in Rhode Island (excluding employees of municipalities) are the following: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306998252868652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) operates statewide intra- and intercity bus transport from its hubs at Kennedy Plaza in Providence, Pawtucket, and Newport. RIPTA bus routes serve 38 of Rhode Island's 39 cities and towns. (New Shoreham on Block Island is not served). RIPTA currently operates 58 routes, including daytime trolley service (using trolley-style replica buses) in Providence and Newport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409002304077148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "From 2000 through 2008, RIPTA offered seasonal ferry service linking Providence and Newport (already connected by highway) funded by grant money from the United States Department of Transportation. Though the service was popular with residents and tourists, RIPTA was unable to continue on after the federal funding ended. Service was discontinued . The privately run Block Island Ferry links Block Island with Newport and Narragansett with traditional and fast-ferry service, while the Prudence Island Ferry connects Bristol with Prudence Island. Private ferry services also link several Rhode Island communities with ports in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York. The Vineyard Fast Ferry offers seasonal service to Martha's Vineyard from Quonset Point with bus and train connections to Providence, Boston, and New York. Viking Fleet offers seasonal service from Block Island to New London, Connecticut, and Montauk, New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369921684265137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The MBTA Commuter Rail's Providence/Stoughton Line links Providence and T.F. Green Airport with Boston. The line was later extended southward to Wickford Junction, with service beginning April 23, 2012. The state hopes to extend the MBTA line to Kingston and Westerly. as well as explore the possibility of extending Connecticut's Shore Line East to T.F. Green Airport. Amtrak's Acela Express stops at Providence Station (the only Acela stop in Rhode Island), linking Providence to other cities in the Northeast Corridor. Amtrak's Northeast Regional service makes stops at Providence Station, Kingston, and Westerly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51842975616455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island's primary airport for passenger and cargo transport is T. F. Green Airport in Warwick, though Rhode Islanders who wish to travel internationally on direct flights or who seek a greater availability of flights and destinations often fly through Logan International Airport in Boston.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472395896911621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Interstate 95 runs southwest to northeast across the state, linking Rhode Island with other states along the East Coast. Interstate 295 functions as a partial beltway encircling Providence to the west. Interstate 195 provides a limited-access highway connection from Providence (and Connecticut and New York via I-95) to Cape Cod. Initially built as the easternmost link in the (now cancelled) extension of Interstate 84 from Hartford, Connecticut, a portion of U.S. Route 6 through northern Rhode Island is limited-access and links I-295 with downtown Providence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245123863220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Several bridges cross Narragansett Bay connecting Aquidneck Island and Conanicut Island to the mainland, most notably the Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge and the Jamestown-Verrazano Bridge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338737487792969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "On May 29, 2014, Governor Lincoln D. Chafee announced that Rhode Island was one of eight states to release a collaborative Action Plan to put 3.3 million zero emission vehicles on the roads by 2025. The goal of the plan is to reduce greenhouse gas and smog-causing emissions. The Action Plan covers promoting zero emission vehicles and investing in the infrastructure to support them. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44186019897461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 2014, Rhode Island received grants from the Environmental Protection Agency in the amount of $2,711,685 to clean up Brownfield sites in eight locations. The intent of the grants was to provide communities with the funding necessary to assess, clean up, and redevelop contaminated properties, boost local economies, and leverage jobs while protecting public health and the environment. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298826217651367, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 2013, the \"Lots of Hope\" program was established in the City of Providence to focus on increasing the City's green space and local food production, improve urban neighborhoods, promote healthy lifestyles and improve environmental sustainability. \"Lots of Hope\" supported by a $100,000 grant will partner with the City of Providence, the Soutside Community Land Trust and the Rhode Island Foundation to convert city-owned vacant lots into productive urban farms. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320136070251465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 2012, Rhode Island passed bill S2277/H7412, \"An act relating to Health and Safety - Environmental Cleanup Objectives for Schools\", informally known as the \"School Siting Bill.\" The bill, sponsored by Senator Juan Pichardo and Representative Scott Slater and signed into law by the Governor, made Rhode Island the first state in the US to prohibit school construction on vapor intrusion Brownfield Sites where there is an ongoing potential for toxic vapors to negatively impact indoor air quality. It also creates a public participation process whenever a city or town considers building a school on any other kind of contaminated site. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433826446533203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Primary and secondary schools", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.60680103302002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has several colleges and universities:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407339096069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "* Community College of Rhode Island", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422711372375488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "* Rhode Island College", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417454719543457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "* Rhode Island School of Design", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.518089294433594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "* University of Rhode Island", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419713020324707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Some Rhode Islanders speak with the distinctive, non-rhotic, traditional Rhode Island accent that many compare to a cross between the New York City and Boston accents (e.g., \"water\" sounds like \"watuh\"). Many Rhode Islanders distinguish a strong aw sound (i.e., do not exhibit the cot–caught merger) as one might hear in New Jersey or New York City; for example, the word coffee is pronounced . This type of accent was brought to the region by early settlers from eastern England in the Puritan migration to New England in the mid-17th century. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377313613891602, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Islanders refer to a drinking fountain as a \"bubbler\" (sometimes pronounced \"bubahluh\") and sometimes call milkshakes \"cabinets\". A foot-long, overstuffed sandwich (of whatever kind) is called a \"grinder.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.58096981048584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Several foods and dishes are unique to Rhode Island and some are hard to find outside of the state. Hot wieners are sometimes called gaggers, weinies, or New York System wieners, and they are smaller than a standard hot dog, served covered in a meat sauce, chopped onions, mustard, and celery salt. Famous to Rhode Island is Snail Salad, which is served at numerous restaurants throughout the state. The dish is normally prepared \"family style\" with over five pounds of snails mixed in with other ingredients commonly found in seafood dishes. Grinders are submarine sandwiches, with a popular version being the Italian grinder, which is made with cold cuts (usually ham, prosciutto, capicola, salami, and Provolone cheese). Linguiça or chouriço (a spicy Portuguese sausage) and peppers is also popular among the state's large Portuguese community, eaten with hearty bread (though this is also popular in other areas of New England).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.283013343811035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Pizza strips are prepared in Italian bakeries and sold in most supermarkets and convenience stores. They are rectangular strips of pizza without cheese. Their rich flavor comes solely from a dense, zesty tomato paste baked on a half-inch thick pan pizza crust, and may be enjoyed warm or cold. Party pizza is a box of these pizza strips. Spinach pies are similar to a calzone but filled with seasoned spinach instead of meat, sauce, and cheese. Variations can include black olives or pepperoni with the spinach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.57512378692627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "As in colonial times, johnnycakes are made with corn meal and water, then pan-fried much like pancakes. During fairs and carnivals, Rhode Islanders enjoy dough boys, plate-sized disks of fried dough sprinkled with powdered sugar (or pizza sauce). Zeppoles are Italian doughnut-like pastries traditionally eaten on Saint Joseph's Day, often made with exposed centers of vanilla pudding, cream filling, or ricotta cream, and sometimes topped with a cherry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.543607711791992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As in many coastal states, seafood is readily available. Shellfish is extremely popular, with clams being used in multiple ways. The quahog is a large local clam usually used in a chowder. (The word quahog comes from the Narragansett Indian word \"poquauhock\"; see A Key into the Language of America by Roger Williams 1643.) It is also ground and mixed with stuffing (and sometimes spicy minced sausage) and then baked in its shell to form a stuffie. Steamed clams are also a very popular dish. Calamari (squid) is sliced into rings and fried and is served as an appetizer in most Italian restaurants, typically Sicilian-style (i.e., tossed with sliced banana peppers and with marinara sauce on the side).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489413261413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island, like the rest of New England, has a tradition of clam chowder. Both the white New England variety and the red Manhattan variety are popular, but there is also a unique clear-broth chowder known as Rhode Island Clam Chowder available in many restaurants. According to Good Eats, the addition of tomatoes in place of milk was initially the work of Portuguese immigrants in Rhode Island, as tomato-based stews were already a traditional part of Portuguese cuisine, and milk was costlier than tomatoes. Scornful New Englanders called this modified version \"Manhattan-style\" clam chowder because, in their view, calling someone a New Yorker was an insult.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31259822845459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "A culinary tradition in Rhode Island is the clam cake (also known as a clam fritter outside of Rhode Island), a deep fried ball of buttery dough with chopped bits of clam inside. They are sold by the half-dozen or dozen in most seafood restaurants around the state. The quintessential summer meal in Rhode Island is chowder and clam cakes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390206336975098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Clams Casino originated in Rhode Island after being invented by Julius Keller, the maitre d' in the original Casino next to the seaside Towers in Narragansett. Clams Casino resemble the beloved stuffed quahog but are generally made with the smaller littleneck or cherrystone clam and are unique in their use of bacon as a topping.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409818649291992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The official state drink of Rhode Island is coffee milk, a beverage created by mixing milk with coffee syrup. This unique syrup was invented in the state and is sold in almost all Rhode Island supermarkets, as well as border states. Coffee milk contains some caffeine, yet it is sold in school cafeterias throughout the state. Strawberry milk is also as popular as chocolate milk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46194839477539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Famous Rhode Islanders", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.57203483581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Politicians have distributed low-numbered license plates since 1904 (when the first black and white porcelain license plates were issued by the state) as a way to reward supporters or associates; such plates have become a status symbol, similar to the culture surrounding low-numbered plates in Delaware. State officials made Rhode Island one of the few states to allow the owner to transfer license plate(s) to other family members in their will. Additionally, there exists an official license plate lottery through the Governor's Office for \"preferred plates\". A plate's value depends on its category, with the traditional \"Ocean State\" legend plate (or \"wave plate\") being the most valuable. The main branch of the Division of Motor Vehicles was also cooperative in allowing a prospective tag-holder to choose the two letters at the beginning of the plate serial, provided that such a combination was available on-hand and was not considered a \"preferred plate\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.415791511535645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The Farrelly brothers and Seth MacFarlane depict Rhode Island in popular culture, often making comedic parodies of the state. MacFarlane's television series Family Guy is based in a fictional Rhode Island city named Quahog, and notable local events and celebrities are regularly lampooned. Peter is seen working at the Pawtucket brewery, and other state locations are mentioned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294879913330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The movie High Society (starring Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, and Frank Sinatra) was set in Newport, Rhode Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3132905960083, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis and John F. Kennedy were married at St. Mary's church in Newport, RI. Their reception was held at Hammersmith Farm, the Bouvier summer home in Newport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525911331176758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Cartoonist Don Bousquet, a state icon, has made a career out of Rhode Island culture, drawing Rhode Island-themed gags in The Providence Journal and Yankee magazine. These cartoons have been reprinted in the Quahog series of paperbacks (I Brake for Quahogs, Beware of the Quahog, and The Quahog Walks Among Us.) Bousquet has also collaborated with humorist and Providence Journal columnist Mark Patinkin on two books: The Rhode Island Dictionary and The Rhode Island Handbook.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369104385375977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The 1998 film Meet Joe Black was filmed at Aldrich Mansion in the Warwick Neck area of Warwick, RI.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5670804977417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Body of Proofs first season was filmed entirely in Rhode Island. The show premiered on March 29, 2011. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.493891716003418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The 2007 Steve Carell and Dane Cook film Dan in Real Life was filmed in various coastal towns in the state. The sunset scene with the entire family on the beach takes place at Napatree Point.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.548113822937012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The Comedy Central cable television series Another Period is set in Newport during the Gilded Age.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.612032890319824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Famous firsts in Rhode Island", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324901580810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has been the first in a number of initiatives. As a colony, the state enacted the first law prohibiting slavery in North America on May 18, 1652.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401926040649414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Slater Mill in Pawtucket was the first commercially successful cotton-spinning mill with a fully mechanized power system in America and was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution in the US. The oldest Fourth of July Parade in the country is still held annually in Bristol, Rhode Island. The first Baptist Church in America was founded in Providence in 1638. Ann Smith Franklin of the Newport Mercury was the first female newspaper editor in America (August 22, 1762). She was the editor of \"The Newport Mercury\" in Newport, Rhode Island. Touro Synagogue was the first synagogue in America, founded in Newport in 1763.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26059341430664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The first act of armed rebellion in America against the British Crown was the boarding and burning of the Revenue Schooner Gaspee in Narragansett Bay on June 10, 1772. The idea of a Continental Congress was first proposed at a town meeting in Providence on May 17, 1774. Rhode Island elected the first delegates (Stephen Hopkins and Samuel Ward) to the Continental Congress on June 15, 1774. The Rhode Island General Assembly created the first standing army in the colonies (1,500 men) on April 22, 1775. On June 15, 1775, the first naval engagement of the American Revolution occurred between a Colonial Sloop commanded by Capt. Abraham Whipple and an armed tender of the British Frigate Rose. The tender was chased aground and captured. Later in June, the General Assembly created the first American Navy when it commissioned the Sloops Katy and , armed with 24 guns and commanded by Abraham Whipple, who was promoted to Commodore. Rhode Island was the first Colony to declare independence from Britain on May 4, 1776.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354107856750488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The first NFL night game was held on November 6, 1929 at Providence's Kinsley Park. The Chicago (now Arizona) Cardinals defeated the Providence Steam Roller 16–0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.586485862731934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "In 1980, Rhode Island became the first state to decriminalize prostitution indoors, but indoor prostitution was outlawed again in 2009; see Prostitution in Rhode Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.451949119567871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is nicknamed \"The Ocean State\", and the nautical nature of Rhode Island's geography pervades its culture. Newport Harbor, in particular, holds many pleasure boats. In the lobby of T. F. Green, the state's main airport, is a large life-sized sailboat, and the state's license plates depict an ocean wave or a sailboat. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219442367553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Additionally, the large number of beaches in Washington County lures many Rhode Islanders south for summer vacation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342658042907715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The state was notorious for organized crime activity from the 1950s into the 1990s when the Patriarca crime family held sway over most of New England from its Providence headquarters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.523877143859863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Islanders developed a unique style of architecture in the 17th century called the stone-ender. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.569992065429688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is the only state to still celebrate Victory over Japan Day. It is known locally as \"VJ Day\" or simply \"Victory Day\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371077537536621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island has two professional sports teams, both of which are top-level minor league affiliates for teams in Boston. The Pawtucket Red Sox baseball team of the Triple-A International League are an affiliate of the Boston Red Sox. They play at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket and have won four league titles, the Governors' Cup, in 1973, 1984, 2012, and 2014. McCoy Stadium also has the distinction of being home to the longest professional baseball game ever played – 33 innings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271018981933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "The other professional minor league team is the Providence Bruins ice hockey team of the American Hockey League, who are an affiliate of the Boston Bruins. They play in the Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence and won the AHL's Calder Cup during the 1998–99 AHL season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.597826957702637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The Providence Reds were a hockey team that played in the Canadian-American Hockey League (CAHL) between 1926 and 1936 and the American Hockey League (AHL) from 1936 to 1977, the last season of which they played as the Rhode Island Reds. The team won the Calder Cup in 1938, 1940, 1949, and 1956. The Reds played at the Rhode Island Auditorium, located on North Main Street in Providence, Rhode Island from 1926 through 1972, when the team affiliated with the New York Rangers and moved into the newly built Providence Civic Center. The team name came from the rooster known as the Rhode Island Red. They moved to New York in 1977 and, after multiple name changes, are now called the Hartford Wolf Pack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417823791503906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The Reds are the oldest continuously operating minor-league hockey franchise in North America, having fielded a team in one form or another since 1926 in the CAHL. It is also the only AHL franchise to have never missed a season. The AHL returned to Providence in 1992 in the form of the Providence Bruins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.539177894592285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Before the great expansion of athletic teams all over the country, Providence and Rhode Island in general played a great role in supporting teams. The Providence Grays won the first World Championship in baseball history in 1884. The team played their home games at the old Messer Street Field in Providence. The Grays played in the National League from 1878 to 1885. They defeated the New York Metropolitans of the American Association in a best of five game series at the Polo Grounds in New York. Providence won three straight games to become the first champions in major league baseball history. Babe Ruth played for the minor league Providence Grays of 1914 and hit his only official minor league home run for that team before being recalled by the Grays' parent club, the Boston Red Stockings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467705726623535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The now-defunct professional football team the Providence Steam Roller won the 1928 NFL title. They played in a 10,000 person stadium called the Cycledrome. The Providence Steamrollers played in the Basketball Association of America which became the National Basketball Association.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530245780944824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is also home to a top semi-professional soccer club, the Rhode Island Reds, which compete in the National premier soccer league, in the fourth division of U.S. Soccer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273174285888672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is home to one top level non-minor league team, the Rhode Island Rebellion rugby league team, a Semi-Professional Rugby League team that competes in the USA Rugby League, the Top Competition in the United States for the Sport of Rugby League. The Rebellion play their home games at Classical High School in Providence. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357733726501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "From 1930 to 1983, America's Cup races were sailed off Newport, and the extreme-sport X Games and Gravity Games were founded and hosted in the state's capital city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467549324035645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The International Tennis Hall of Fame is in Newport at the Newport Casino, site of the first U.S. National Championships in 1881. The Hall of Fame and Museum were established in 1954 by James Van Alen as \"a shrine to the ideals of the game\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.542813301086426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island is also home to the headquarters of the governing body for youth rugby league in the United States, the American Youth Rugby League Association or AYRLA. The AYRLA has started the first-ever Rugby League youth competition in Providence Middle Schools, a program at the RI Training School, in addition to starting the first High School Competition in the USA in Providence Public High School.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306509017944336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "The state capitol building is made of white Georgian marble. On top is the world's fourth largest self-supported marble dome. It houses the Rhode Island Charter granted by King Charles II in 1663, the Brown University charter, and other state treasures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256996154785156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The First Baptist Church of Providence is the oldest Baptist church in the Americas, founded by Roger Williams in 1638.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505830764770508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "The first fully automated post office in the country is located in Providence. There are many historic mansions in the seaside city of Newport, including The Breakers, Marble House, and Belcourt Castle. Also located there is the Touro Synagogue, dedicated on December 2, 1763, considered by locals to be the first synagogue within the United States (see below for information on New York City's claim), and still serving. The synagogue showcases the religious freedoms that were established by Roger Williams, as well as impressive architecture in a mix of the classic colonial and Sephardic style. The Newport Casino is a National Historic Landmark building complex that presently houses the International Tennis Hall of Fame and features an active grass-court tennis club.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41445255279541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Scenic Route 1A (known locally as Ocean Road) is in Narragansett. \"The Towers\" is also located in Narragansett featuring a large stone arch. It was once the entrance to a famous Narragansett casino that burned down in 1900. The Towers now serve as an event venue and host the local Chamber of Commerce, which operates a tourist information center. Rhode Island also has three of the nation's tallest bridges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.113151550292969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "The Newport Tower has been hypothesized to be of Viking origin, although most experts believe that it was a Colonial-era windmill.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.485085487365723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rhode Island" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia, with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century. In the late 19th century, European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east. Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars, ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression, increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense, and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.258630752563477, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Due to a higher elevation and level of precipitation, the Black Hills ecology differs significantly from that of the plains. The mountains are thickly blanketed by various types of pines, including ponderosa and lodgepole pines, as well as spruces.Thompson (ed.), p. 31. Black Hills mammals include deer, elk (wapiti), bighorn sheep, mountain goats, pine marten, and mountain lions, while the streams and lakes contain several species of trout. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180624961853027, "source": "wiki", "title": "South Dakota" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "Based on data from the decennial census, each state is allocated a proportion of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, although each state is guaranteed a minimum of one seat, regardless of population. This apportionment is based on the proportion of each state's population to that of the Fifty States together (without regard to the populations of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or other U.S. dependencies). The Electoral College is the body that, every four years, elects the president and vice president of the United States. Each state's representation in the Electoral College is equal to that state's total number of members in both houses of the United States Congress. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution effectively grants the District of Columbia, which is separate from any state, three votes. More precisely, the district gets as many votes in the Electoral College as it would have if it were a state, with the caveat that the district can have no more votes than the least populous state (which is currently Wyoming). Currently, this caveat is a moot point since the District would only be entitled to one Representative if it were a state, and is more populous than only two of the seven states with a single member in the House since 2013. Since the Constitution guarantees every state at least one Representative and effectively guarantees every state two Senators, it effectively guarantees every state (and, since the ratification of the 23rd Amendment, the District of Columbia) at least three electoral votes. Thus, the total representation in the College is 538 members (equal to 100 senators plus 435 representatives, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155892372131348, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by population" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "States and territories", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494268417358398, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by population" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.529118537902832, "source": "search", "title": "Rhode Island City & Town Resident Population - RI DLT" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Black bears can generally be found almost anywhere that has extensive forests, so while searching for a current distribution map, I was surprised to see there are many states that have forest, but apparently do not have bears.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466917991638184, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Table 1. Comparison of Black Bear Populations in 1993 and 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331400871276855, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Alabama – According to the Alabama Department of Conservation, Black Bears are a Priority 1 Species in Alabama. Black bear populations are restricted to portions of Baldwin, Clarke, Mobile, and Washington counties (146 square miles) and number less than 50 (http://www.aces.edu/forestry/awdm/mammals/blackbear.php).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136321067810059, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "Connecticut – According to Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection as quoted in the CT Mirror in 2012 (http://www.ctmirror.org/story/bears-rise-connecticut), “…several hundred black bears live in Connecticut, and the population is expected to double every five to seven years”. The Population is increasing – over 2,660 sightings in 10 months (Apr 2012- Feb 2013) (http://www.depdata.ct.gov/wildlife/sighting/bearsight.asp).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.111523628234863, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "Delaware – The Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife does not mention bears on their website. Black bears are known to raid campers along Delaware River in N.J.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.552894592285156, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "Illinois – An Illinois Department of Natural Resources document (http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/oi/documents/oct07blackbears.pdf). Black bears may be listed as extirpated, but with 178,000 acres of suitable habitat in southern Illinois and with bears breeding across the Mississippi river in Missouri, only a matter of time until bears are re-established.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38361930847168, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Texas – Texas Parks and Wildlife published 2005-2015 East Texas Black Bear Management Plan (http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_pl_w7000_1046.pdf) – sightings at 3 locations since 2000, but admit “Other than gathering of data concerning sightings of black bears within East Texas, there has been no formal survey work done to confirm black bear occurrence within the region”. With no formal survey work, there is no chance of a population estimate. Funny, that they take the time and spend the money to write a management plan, then do nothing else. Sounds like one of those government jobs to me. If not the responsibility of Texas Parks and Wildlife, then who?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26746654510498, "source": "search", "title": "Black Bear Population Estimates - Backcountry Chronicles" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Our nation faces an urgent and growing need for talent, and higher education is the key to meeting that need. That’s why Lumina Foundation focuses all of its energy and resources on one goal, what we call Goal 2025. We want to ensure that, by the year 2025, 60 percent of Americans hold a degree, certificate or other high-quality postsecondary credential.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47646427154541, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "Each year in this report, we track the nation’s progress toward Goal 2025, focusing mainly on the working-age population (ages 25-64). According to the most recent available data (2014), 40.4 percent of these working-age Americans have at least a two-year degree — a slight increase over the previous year’s rate of 40 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.108688354492188, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "But degree attainment isn’t the whole story. Lumina has always said that all high-quality postsecondary credentials — including certificates — should count toward attainment goals. And this year we are also able to quantify certificate attainment, an important factor in the Goal 2025 effort.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.555893898010254, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Lumina began reporting the attainment rate (associate degree and higher) in 2008. That year, the rate in Arizona stood at 34.4 percent. In 2014, the most recent year for which data are available, the rate reached 36.8 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43442153930664, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Lumina began reporting the attainment rate (associate degree and higher) in 2008. That year, the rate in Florida stood at 36.8 percent. In 2014, the most recent year for which data are available, the rate reached 38.9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432716369628906, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Lumina began reporting the attainment rate (associate degree and higher) in 2008. That year, the rate in Missouri stood at 34.9 percent. In 2014, the most recent year for which data are available, the rate reached 38.1 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387994766235352, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "Lumina began reporting the attainment rate (associate degree and higher) in 2008. That year, the rate in Rhode Island stood at 41.4 percent. In 2014, the most recent year for which data are available, the rate was 41.1 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.165926933288574, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Alabama, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 36.7 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220060348510742, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Alabama faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Alabama by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48336124420166, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Alabama has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.548687934875488, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Alaska, 7 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192211151123047, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Alaska faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Alaska by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453817367553711, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Alaska has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.535614013671875, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Arizona, 12 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 48.8 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220071792602539, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Arizona faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Arizona by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48404312133789, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Arizona has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.550848960876465, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Arkansas, 9 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 38.8 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18903923034668, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Arkansas faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Arkansas by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46025276184082, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Arkansas is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.541038513183594, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In California, 7 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 47.2 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22038745880127, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge California faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in California by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491366386413574, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that California has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55285358428955, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Colorado, 6 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 54.2 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215590476989746, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Colorado faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Colorado by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478842735290527, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Colorado is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549468994140625, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Connecticut, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 53.2 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.244124412536621, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Connecticut faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Connecticut by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494297981262207, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Connecticut is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.555215835571289, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Delaware, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.7 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220293998718262, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Delaware faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Delaware by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475375175476074, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Delaware has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547297477722168, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Florida, 7 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 45.9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195082664489746, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Florida faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Florida by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479632377624512, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Florida has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54959774017334, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Georgia, 8 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 46 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243974685668945, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Georgia faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Georgia by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480815887451172, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Georgia is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551106452941895, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Hawaii, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 45.5 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.189779281616211, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Hawaii faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Hawaii by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.461274147033691, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Hawaii is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.541547775268555, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Idaho, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 37.7 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.169190406799316, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Idaho faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Idaho by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441431999206543, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Idaho is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.534428596496582, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Illinois, 6 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 49.6 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206587791442871, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Illinois faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Illinois by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479573249816895, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Illinois is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549570083618164, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Indiana, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 40.9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21704387664795, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Indiana faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Indiana by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474427223205566, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Indiana is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.545903205871582, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Iowa, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 47.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172094345092773, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Iowa faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Iowa by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434497833251953, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Iowa has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.528367042541504, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Kansas, 7 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 49.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.126066207885742, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Kansas faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Kansas by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38778018951416, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Kansas is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499396324157715, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Kentucky, 10 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 42.5 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21428108215332, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Kentucky faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Kentucky by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.470467567443848, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Kentucky is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.537421226501465, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Louisiana, 15 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 44.7 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.196757316589355, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Louisiana faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Louisiana by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488027572631836, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Louisiana is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551116943359375, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Maine, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25311279296875, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Maine faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Maine by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492085456848145, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Maine has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55251407623291, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Maryland, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 49.9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233948707580566, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Maryland faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Maryland by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48952865600586, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Maryland is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.553383827209473, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Massachusetts, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 55.4 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.250411987304688, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Massachusetts faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Massachusetts by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492283821105957, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Massachusetts is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.555127143859863, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Michigan, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221922874450684, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Michigan faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Michigan by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46776294708252, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Michigan has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.536758422851562, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Minnesota, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 52.9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.109635353088379, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Minnesota faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Minnesota by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379512786865234, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Minnesota is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509325981140137, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Mississippi, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 36.4 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207240104675293, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Mississippi faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Mississippi by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474645614624023, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Mississippi has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54496955871582, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Missouri, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 42.1 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197260856628418, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Missouri faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Missouri by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443074226379395, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Missouri is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530645370483398, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Montana, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 41.6 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210928916931152, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Montana faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Montana by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450408935546875, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Montana is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53618335723877, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Nebraska, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 47 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.151719093322754, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Nebraska faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Nebraska by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386029243469238, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Nebraska has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48476505279541, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Nevada, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 35.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230043411254883, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Nevada faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Nevada by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475749015808105, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Nevada is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547144889831543, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In New Hampshire, 2 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 49.2 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.230583190917969, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge New Hampshire faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in New Hampshire by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.473464965820312, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). New Hampshire is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549595832824707, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In New Jersey, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 50.1 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218865394592285, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge New Jersey faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in New Jersey by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468921661376953, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that New Jersey has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547836303710938, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In New Mexico, 9 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.6 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21889591217041, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge New Mexico faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in New Mexico by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479856491088867, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that New Mexico has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.550143241882324, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In New York, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 49.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23250675201416, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge New York faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in New York by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476364135742188, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that New York has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551337242126465, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In North Carolina, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 45.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191020011901855, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge North Carolina faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in North Carolina by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.454503059387207, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that North Carolina has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.544235229492188, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that North Dakota has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190052032470703, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Ohio, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.2 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23953628540039, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Ohio faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Ohio by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488266944885254, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Ohio has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.550652503967285, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Oklahoma, 7 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 40.1 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16204833984375, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Oklahoma faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Oklahoma by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429693222045898, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Oklahoma has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.519620895385742, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Oregon, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 44.7 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19668197631836, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Oregon faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Oregon by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.485605239868164, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Oregon is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55392074584961, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Pennsylvania, 3 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 43.8 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25082015991211, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Pennsylvania faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Pennsylvania by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.493467330932617, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Pennsylvania has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.552600860595703, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Rhode Island faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Rhode Island by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266426086425781, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "Rhode Island", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Rhode Island is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45261001586914, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge South Carolina faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in South Carolina by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346923828125, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). South Carolina is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.517592430114746, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Tennessee, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 39.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207815170288086, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Tennessee faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Tennessee by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48027229309082, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Tennessee is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549215316772461, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Texas, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 40.8 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.228199005126953, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Texas faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Texas by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48183536529541, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Texas is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.550366401672363, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Utah, 6 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 47.9 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181270599365234, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Utah faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Utah by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469717025756836, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Utah is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.545193672180176, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Vermont, 1 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 45.3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239747047424316, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Vermont faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Vermont by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480816841125488, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Vermont has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549090385437012, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Virginia, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 50.6 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23403549194336, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Virginia faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Virginia by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48631477355957, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Virginia is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549501419067383, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Washington, 7 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 51.6 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214326858520508, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Washington faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Washington by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48330020904541, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Washington is one of those 26 states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551135063171387, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In West Virginia, 4 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 32.6 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214911460876465, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge West Virginia faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in West Virginia by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465359687805176, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that West Virginia has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.544305801391602, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Wisconsin, 5 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 47.1 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216530799865723, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Wisconsin faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Wisconsin by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489131927490234, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Wisconsin has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549482345581055, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "This year, for the first time, we have nationally representative data on the number of Americans who hold high-quality postsecondary certificates; we now feel confident we can count these credentials toward attainment goals. In states, we are able to use estimates from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce on the number of residents who hold high-quality certificates as their highest earned credential. In Wyoming, 8 percent of residents between the ages of 25 and 64 hold a high-quality certificate. This brings the state’s overall postsecondary attainment rate to 46.4 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140960693359375, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "R I", "passage": "As the data in this report make clear, increasing overall attainment is not the only challenge Wyoming faces. There are also significant gaps in attainment that must be closed. While current systems work very well for many students, more postsecondary credentials must be earned by Americans who, by definition, are post-traditional learners. Compared with current students, they will be older; more will be African-American, Hispanic and Native American; and they will have lower incomes. Most will be first-generation students. The data in this report show the extent of the attainment gaps in Wyoming by race and ethnicity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409761428833008, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "To date, 26 states have responded to the need to increase attainment by setting state attainment goals that meet Lumina’s criteria for rigor and efficacy (i.e., the goal is quantifiable, challenging, long term, addresses gaps, and is in statute and/or a strategic plan). Our analysis shows that Wyoming has not set a goal that meets Lumina’s criteria; we urge state leaders to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51242733001709, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "With eight of every 10 Americans now living in cities or suburbs, it is clear that the nation’s metropolitan regions need to be prime drivers in the Goal 2025 effort. Simply put, if we want to boost postsecondary attainment, we must look first and work hardest in those places with the most students.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.473503112792969, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" }, { "answer": "RI", "passage": "Note: These percentages reflect the enrollment of non-degree-holding students, ages 18-54, at public and private, two-year and four-year postsecondary institutions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5390043258667, "source": "search", "title": "A Stronger Nation | 2016" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Robert Oliver Reed (13 February 1938 – 2 May 1999) was an English actor known for his upper-class, macho image, hellraiser lifestyle, and \"tough guy\" roles. His films include The Trap (1966), Oliver! (1968), Women in Love (1969), Hannibal Brooks (1969), The Devils (1971), The Three Musketeers (1973), Tommy (1975), Lion of the Desert (1981), Castaway (1986) and Gladiator (2000). For Gladiator, Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.", "precise_score": 4.63044548034668, "rough_score": 5.575832843780518, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Reed" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Oliver Reed was born on February 13, 1938 in Wimbledon, London, England as Robert Oliver Reed. He was an actor, known for Gladiator (2000), Oliver! (1968) and Tommy (1975). He was married to Josephine Burge and Kate Byrne. He died on May 2, 1999 in Valletta, Malta.", "precise_score": 6.055958271026611, "rough_score": 5.9609527587890625, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Robert Oliver Reed was born in Wimbledon on February 13, 1938, a great-grandson of the actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree and a nephew of the film director Carol Reed. After being expelled from 14 schools, Reed succeeded in becoming captain of athletics and junior cross-country champion at Ewel Castle.", "precise_score": 3.7963900566101074, "rough_score": 4.587903022766113, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Robert Oliver Reed was an English actor known for his burly screen presence. Reed exemplified his real-life macho image in \"tough guy\" roles. His films include The Trap, Oliver!, Women in Love, Hannibal Brooks, The Triple Echo, The Devils, The Three Musketeers, Tommy, Castaway, Lion of the Desert and Gladiator. At the peak of his careeer, in 1971, British exhibitors voted Reed one of the most popular stars at the box office (5th).…  Read More", "precise_score": 4.089204788208008, "rough_score": 6.060642719268799, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Oliver Reed was born on February 13, 1938 in Wimbledon, London, England as Robert Oliver Reed. He was an actor, known for Gladiator (2000), Oliver! (1968) and Tommy (1975). He was married to Josephine Burge and Kate Byrne. He died on May 2, 1999 in Valletta, Malta. See full bio »", "precise_score": 6.085029125213623, "rough_score": 5.948442459106445, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "The writer Robert Sellers published in 2013 What Fresh Lunacy Is This? – The Authorised Biography of Oliver Reed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.400246620178223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Reed" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Reed became a close friend and drinking partner of The Who drummer Keith Moon in 1974 while working together on the film version of Tommy. With their reckless lifestyles Reed and Moon shared much in common, and both cited the hard drinking actor Robert Newton as a role model. Christopher Lee, a friend and colleague of Reed, commented on his alcoholism in 2014: \"when he started, after number eight, he became a complete monster. It was awful to see.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.609429836273193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Reed" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "* 21. Robertson County, Ky. (1: 131)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498719215393066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reed (name)" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "* Ireland or England (after 1350–1415) Robert Reed (bishop), alternatively spelled \"Robert Reade\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.514143943786621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reed (name)" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "* United States (1807–1864) Robert Rentoul Reed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.992364883422852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reed (name)" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "* United States (1932–1992) Robert Reed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.483881950378418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reed (name)" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "* United States (born 1956)2 Robert Reed (author), Shanna Reed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.467849254608154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Reed (name)" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "By the mid-1970s he was considered by many to be Britain's biggest movie star. He declined roles in The Sting (1973) and Jaws (1975) because he didn't want to relocate to Los Angeles. Both of these roles were taken by fellow British hellraiser Robert Shaw . However, a Hollywood executive claimed, \"Reed didn't turn us down. We turned him down. We like our stars to have respect - Oliver Reed didn't respect anyone and he showed it.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.882786750793457, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Agreed to appear in the small but vital role of casino boss Eddie Mars in The Big Sleep (1978) just because he admired the film's star Robert Mitchum so much.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.372830390930176, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Some obituaries mentioned the similarity between Reed's death and Robert Newton 's. Newton, who had played Bill Sykes in David Lean 's non-musical version of Oliver Twist (1948), was a notoriously heavy drinker. He remained sober while filming Around the World in Eighty Days (1956), which was supposed to be a big comeback for him as an actor. Toward the end of filming, however, he indulged in one final drinking marathon and died from a heart attack, aged only 50. Similarly, Reed remained sober while filming Gladiator (2000) - intended as a big comeback - but died from a heart attack after allowing himself one final binge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2323169708251953, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "He appeared in four Robert Louis Stevenson adaptations: The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll (1960), Dr. Heckyl and Mr. Hype (1980), Black Arrow (1985) and Treasure Island (1990).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.205892562866211, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Reed's breakthrough came in 1968, when, directed by his uncle, he made a convincingly savage Bill Sikes in the film version of the musical Oliver!. In terms of soft-spoken menace, Reed's performance nearly equalled that of Robert Newton in the earlier version by David Lean. The film won six Oscars and made Reed an international star. By the late Sixties, he was Britain's highest-paid actor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7925764322280884, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "He claimed to have turned down major roles in two Hollywood movies, including The Sting (although he did appear in the 1983 sequel The Sting II).<br /><br /> When the UK government raised taxes on personal income, Reed initially declined to join the exodus of major British film stars to Hollywood and other more tax-friendly locales. In the late 1970s Reed finally relocated to Guernsey as a tax exile. He had sold his large house, Broome Hall, between the villages of Coldharbour and Ockley some years earlier and initially lodged at the Duke of Normandie Hotel in Saint Peter Port.<br /><br /> The writer Robert Sellers published in 2013 What Fresh Lunacy Is This? – The Authorised Biography of Oliver Reed.<br /><br /> Reed was known for his alcoholism and binge drinking. Numerous anecdotes exist, such as Reed and 36 friends of his drinking in one evening: 60 gallons of beer, 32 bottles of scotch, 17 bottles of gin, four crates of wine, and a bottle of Babycham. He subsequently revised the story, claiming he drank 106 pints of beer on a two-day binge before marrying Josephine Burge; \"The event that was reported actually took place during an arm-wrestling competition in Guernsey about 15 years ago, it was highly exaggerated.\" Read Less", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.769952297210693, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "With their reckless lifestyles Reed and Moon shared much in common, and both cited the hard drinking actor Robert Newton as a role model. Christopher Lee, a friend and colleague of Reed, commented on his alcoholism in 2014: \"when he started, after number eight, he became a complete monster. It was awful to see.\" Read Less", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.83644962310791, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Reed was becoming increasingly well-known as the 1970s approached. His fame had reached a point where he finally felt able to work with his uncle, the director Carol Reed, without facing accusations of nepotism. He played Bill Sikes for him in the musical Oliver!, a telling piece of casting given how Robert Newton, another of the acting world's most chronic of alcoholics, had previously done the same in David Lean's 1948 adaptation. Oliver! was a massive hit, winning six Oscars and raising Reed's profile further. His relationship with Russell had also moved away from television and onto the big screen, firstly with Women In Love (1969) - much more than its famous nude wrestling scene - and then with The Devils (1971).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.052116870880127, "source": "search", "title": "The Quietus: Cracked Actor, In Defence of Oliver Reed" }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "Nationality: British. Born: Robert Oliver Reed in Wimbledon, Surrey, 13 February 1938; the nephew of the director Carol Reed. Family: Married 1) Kate Byrne, two children; 2) Josephine Burge, 1985. Career: Worked as nightclub bouncer, boxer, and cab driver; military service in the Medical Corps; 1960—film debut in The Angry Silence ; 1968–69—roles in Oliver! and Women in Love brought critical attention; 1993—in TV mini-series Return to Lonesome Dove . Died: 2 May 1999 in Valletta, Malta, of heart attack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2653777599334717, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Actors and Actresses - Films as Actor ..." }, { "answer": "Robert", "passage": "It is true that Reed cannot on his own redeem a mediocre film, but then it is difficult to think of any actor who could have salvaged anything from Z.P.G. , Tomorrow Never Comes , or Sting II (where Reed took the part created by Robert Shaw). He often seems uncaring in his choice of roles. But he clearly knows a good project when it comes along (he told David Cronenberg that The Brood was the best script he had read since The Devils ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.539216041564941, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Reed - Actors and Actresses - Films as Actor ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "We are experts when it comes to Vacation Packages in Costa Rica & Nature Tours,   Costa Rica Ecotourism , Costa Rica Transfer ,  Costa Rica Shore Excursion  and Costa Rica Student Travel. Besides this, our company offers travel agency services including Sansa Airline tickets reservations , and  Car Rental Reservations .", "precise_score": 0.2693272531032562, "rough_score": 0.4705764651298523, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica's Domestic Airlines - SANSA & Nature Air", "precise_score": 4.142394542694092, "rough_score": 1.6642533540725708, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica's Domestic Airlines - SANSA & Nature Air" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "SANSA operates out of Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) south of Alajuela.  SJO is Costa Rica’s main international airport where the major international carriers like Continental, United, American, and TACA land and the rental car companies maintain their offices and fleets.", "precise_score": 4.903733730316162, "rough_score": 0.5202820897102356, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica's Domestic Airlines - SANSA & Nature Air" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica’s two main international airports—with flights coming in mainly from Europe, North and Latin America—bring travelers from all over the world. Juan Santamaria Airport, just 14 miles from San Jose downtown, is the second busiest airport in Central America, with over 15 international airlines that serve over 4 million passengers annually. Daniel Oduber International Airport has smaller capacity, but is located in Liberia, the capital of one of the most popular vacation destinations in Costa Rica with numerous accommodation options: the Guanacaste region .", "precise_score": -7.197798728942871, "rough_score": -7.505156993865967, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica has two domestic airlines, Sansa and Nature Air. Both airlines have their main hubs in San Jose at the Juan Santamaria International Airport, and Nature Air also flies out of the smaller, more central Tobias Bolanos International Airport. Both airlines run “puddle jumpers”, small single or double engine propeller planes holding 16-19 passengers, capable of landing at small, remote airstrips throughout the country.", "precise_score": 4.606256484985352, "rough_score": 3.829357385635376, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "There are two domestic airlines which offer flights all over the country: SANSA and Nature Air. The first one is a division of a larger airline called TACA which flies all over Latin American and the USA, while Nature Air is exclusively for Costa Rica, and it also offers a couple of destinations in Nicaragua and Panama. There are also a series of local private companies that charter planes all over the country as well.", "precise_score": 5.99912691116333, "rough_score": 5.8000407218933105, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "The local airports in Costa Rica are usually small airstrips without any facilities for the passenger. None of them are real “terminals” but hangars. Since both SANSA and Nature Air use small aircrafts, these flights rarely have flight attendants. Passengers have to wait for their flight at the hangar, and once the aircraft lands, the pilot or co-pilot himself helps the passengers with their luggage. Only three of the airports listed below offer real terminals – those are: San Jose Intl. Airport, Liberia Intl. Airport and Pavas Intl. Airport.", "precise_score": 0.6131474375724792, "rough_score": -4.342757225036621, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Sansa and Nature Air regularly operate flights to at least 12 destinations across the country linked from San Jose. Both of these Costa Rica airlines use a variety of small prop planes that carry between 9 and 25 passangers. With these airlines you can fly not only to major cities like Liberia International Airport or Quepos Domestic Airport , but you can get flights to remote regions such as the Puerto Jiménez Domestic Airport in South Puntarenas or the La Fortuna / Arenal Volcano Domestic Airport in Alajuela. It is important to note that while Sansa and Nature Air operate from the Juan Santamaria International Airport , many charters operate out of the domestic Tobias Bolanos Airport in downtown San Jose, a 20 minute drive away.", "precise_score": 5.879791259765625, "rough_score": 3.5729269981384277, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "There are two daily domestic flight providers in Costa Rica - Sansa and Nature Air. Both providers are based in the San José metropolitan area and operate out of the Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) in Alajuela . Please keep this location in mind while planning your domestic routes and airport arrivals.", "precise_score": 1.5504192113876343, "rough_score": -2.9326224327087402, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights, Charters - Anywhere Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Natureair has a much better safety record in Costa Rica than Sansa.", "precise_score": 1.200803518295288, "rough_score": -5.132787227630615, "source": "search", "title": "Nature Air versus Sansa? - San Jose Forum - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "for flying in Costa Rica?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507241249084473, "source": "search", "title": "Home | SANSA" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.54606819152832, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica  & Nature Tours", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.524412155151367, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "The best Vacation Packages in Costa Rica & Vacation Packages with local experts. With Greenway Tours, you will get the professional advice of a Costa Rican team with many years experience in the travel industry and vacation packages design. We know our country and we can customize the best experience for you and your family and friends. Our Costa Rica Vacations has been specially designed for a complete experience in Costa Rica, including budget to luxury options, family and couples packages, honeymoons, adventure travel and relaxing experiences. We are completely sure that any of our Costa Rica Nature Tours and Vacation Packages will fit your expectations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239405632019043, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "With more than 120 tours all around Costa Rica, we can guarantee a great time. From easy nature tours like visits to National Parks, relaxing catamaran boat tours or mangrove kayaking to more adventurous experiences like zip line canopy, waterfalls rappelling or ATV Offroad Rides. Greenway Nature Tours is your best option for any Costa Rica Nature Tours and Vacation Packages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335983276367188, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "We have 15 years experience operating Costa Rica Nature Tours and Vacation Packages. Our company, Greenway Nature Tours, is excellently positioned to fulfill all your Costa Rica vacation needs with amazing nature  and adventure tours, family vacation packages, shore excursions and more.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334346771240234, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Our business is making your dreams of the ultimate Costa Rican rain forest come true. No other tour operator can offer you our personalized service, expertise, information quality and staff capability to organize tours and vacation packages in Costa Rica efficiently and safely – from coast to coast all to match your budget. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.853581428527832, "source": "search", "title": "Vacation Packages Costa Rica | Call Now! | Greenway Travel" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica’s Domestic Airlines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.482921600341797, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica's Domestic Airlines - SANSA & Nature Air" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.265804290771484, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Who, what, where, when, and how? Flights stream into Costa Rica from the far reaches of the planet, connecting the world’s travel aficionados to this Central American hotspot. Learn which companies fly to Costa Rica, where to find the easiest and most convenient connections, and how to get going once your vacation has reached its end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.873495101928711, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Direct Flights to Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285283088684082, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Finally,  you got your awesome vacation deal and you’re heading out on your vacation to Costa Rica! Next up is to book your flight. The last thing you want to endure when traveling are connecting flights or layovers. Despite being such a small country, Costa Rica has two major flight hubs—Juan Santamaria International Airport (SJO), located about 20 minutes from the capital of San Jose, and Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport in Liberia (LIR).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.151426315307617, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "In 1930, during the administration of president Cleto González Víquez, the first international airport was inaugurated in La Sabana Metropolitan Park, in San Jose. This airport worked for the next 44 years getting flights mainly from Central America until “El Coco” Airport was inaugurated in 1958. “El Coco” later became the “Juan Santamaría International Airport” (SJO), named after the Costa Rican hero who died in 1856 defending his country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.888023376464844, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "The other international airport in the country is Liberia (LIR) – although the airport was inaugurated back in 1995, its demand increased considerably until 2006. The airport was named after former Costa Rican president Daniel Oduber Quiros.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.279508590698242, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Here is a list of the main airlines that fly direct to Costa Rica:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.251810073852539, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Flying in Costa Rica has its advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is speed. Getting to another part of the country in 30-45 minutes certainly beats hours on Costa Rica’s windy, potholed roads. Prices are reasonable and the views spectacular, especially from the specially designed big windows that you’ll find on Nature Air. There is definitely some Graham Greene-like romance about waiting at the side of a remote jungle airstrip for the plane to come in!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.10566520690918, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "The disadvantage of traveling by plane in Costa Rica is the small luggage allowance per person. These are small planes, and as such there is a limit of between 25 and 40 pounds per person (depending on airline and type of ticket). If you are the type of traveler who brings the kitchen sink with you, flying is not going to work. You can pay extra to bring more luggage, but unfortunately, these planes sell tickets right up to the last minute, and if your plane is full, and each passenger has their full luggage allowance, then your extra gear will more likely than not, not be allowed on the plane. Best to travel light!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.542999267578125, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Luckily Costa Rica is tailor made for traveling light – all the tourist really needs are shorts and t-shirt. A great compromise is to split your transportation between land and air in order to see the best of this beautiful country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.301335334777832, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica is a small country, but driving distances are pretty long because of the bad conditions of some of the roads. Even though the drive might be scenic and pleasant, some people really prefer to fly to save time when going from place to place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.042510986328125, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Here is a list of the most popular airports / airstrips in Costa Rica, and which airline or charter flight company services them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.721405029296875, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "The Costa Rican Government has a plan to develop another larger international airport in Palmar, but this is only in its initial stages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.054862976074219, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Cheap Flights Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290072441101074, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica has the second most popular airport in Central America (after Panama City) and many people who travel on vacation to Costa Rica start their journey here. As a result of the large number of flights landing in San Jose every day, it’s more likely that you will find discounts and special offers on your plane tickets. Predicting airfare is practically impossible, given that prices fluctuate almost daily, although it’s safe to say that depending on the season, you might be able to find some truly great deals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.58364486694336, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "A more reliable, albeit less exciting, way to score a cheaper flight is by looking for weekday flights. Time of year will also play a role. High season in Costa Rica runs from December 15 to April 30; airline tickets usually become more expensive during this time, specifically over Christmas week, when Costa Rica hits its peak vacations season . Low season is between May 1 and December 14th, and even though tickets are considerably less expensive, the frequency of the flights also decreases.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.029149055480957, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Have a question about Costa Rica?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505200386047363, "source": "search", "title": "Guide to Costa Rica Flights" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.799532890319824, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.19353199005127, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "A well connected country Costa Rica’s domestic air travel infrastructure is actually quite strong. Flying is one of the easiest ways to get around in Costa Rica, especially to more remote regions such as the Osa Peninsula , where roads are often just dirt tracks. There are two main airlines in the country that provide not only reasonably priced domestic air travel, but also offer scheduled daily flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.2384033203125, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Flights Across Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269554138183594, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica Domestic Airline Map", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.327362060546875, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Click to enlarge map - Costa Rica Domestic Airline Map", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.042648315429688, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Top Car Rental Picks in Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547430992126465, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "The Best of Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431787490844727, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Go Visit Costa Rica's", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.516715049743652, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Airlines - Go Visit Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights, Charters - Anywhere Costa Rica", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.151844024658203, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights, Charters - Anywhere Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.061810493469238, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights, Charters - Anywhere Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "Costa Rica is about the size of West Virginia, but ground transportation can take many hours on its rough, windy, and mountainous roads. Depending on your travel route, domestic flights may be the most convenient and sensible option. Traveling between some destinations can take up to 8 hours by ground, while a domestic flight can cut that travel time to 35 minutes - a major time saver, especially if you have only a short time in Costa Rica.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191279411315918, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights, Charters - Anywhere Costa Rica" }, { "answer": "Costa Rica", "passage": "For more information on the various ways to get around Costa Rica, see the overview in our Costa Rica Transportation Guide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495219230651855, "source": "search", "title": "Costa Rica Domestic Flights, Charters - Anywhere Costa Rica" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "\"Harper Valley PTA\" is a country song written by Tom T. Hall that was a major international hit single for country singer Jeannie C. Riley in 1968. Riley's record sold over six million copies as a single. The song made Riley the first woman to top both the Billboard Hot 100 and the U.S. Hot Country Singles charts with the same song, a feat that would go unrepeated until Dolly Parton's \"9 to 5\" in 1981.", "precise_score": 10.791434288024902, "rough_score": 10.077643394470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harper Valley PTA" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "The country singer Margie Singleton asked Tom T. Hall to write her a song similar to \" Ode To Billie Joe ,\" which she had covered the previous year. After driving past a school called Harpeth Valley Elementary School in Bellevue, Tennessee, he noted the name and wrote \"Harper Valley P.T.A.\" about a fictional confrontation between a young widow Stella Johnson and a local PTA group who objected to her manner of dress, social drinking, and friendliness with town's men folk. Jeannie C. Riley, who was working as a secretary in Nashville for Jerry Chesnut, got to hear the song and recorded it herself and it became a massive hit for her.", "precise_score": 8.670095443725586, "rough_score": 8.560209274291992, "source": "search", "title": "Harper Valley P.T.A. by Jeannie C. Riley Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "When Jeannie C. Riley recorded “Harper Valley PTA” in 1968, it not only became her most beloved hit to date, but also threw songwriter Tom T. Hall into the spotlight: The song became a major, international hit — the song hit No. 1 in Canada and Australia, and earned a Top 20 spot in the U.K. (No. 12) — and has sold more than 6 million copies. “Harper Valley PTA” also made Riley the first woman to land at No. 1 on both the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Hot 100 charts with the same song — something that no other female artist would do until 1981 ( Dolly Parton ‘s “9 to 5″).", "precise_score": 8.387219429016113, "rough_score": 8.952431678771973, "source": "search", "title": "Story Behind the Song: Jeannie C. Riley, 'Harper Valley PTA'" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "\"The country singer Margie Singleton asked Tom T. Hall to write her a song similar to Bobby Gentry's Grammy winning hit \"Ode To Billie Joe\", which she had covered the previous year, and which Gentry wrote and recorded in 1967. The melody is essentially the same as that of the Gentry song, but Gentry seemingly was never informed or given any credit by Hall. After driving past a school called Harpeth Valley Elementary School in Bellevue, Tennessee, Hall noted the name and wrote \"Harper Valley P.T.A.\" about a fictional confrontation between a young widow Stella Johnson and a local PTA group who objected to her manner of dress, social drinking, and friendliness with town's men folk. Jeannie C. Riley, who was working as a secretary in Nashville for Jerry Chesnut, got to hear the song and recorded it herself and it became a massive hit for her.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.719686031341553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harper Valley PTA" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "Tom T. Hall reportedly first offered the song to Skeeter Davis, who declined. Plantation Records, the label on which Riley recorded the song, rush-released the single when they learned that both Billie Jo Spears and Margie Singleton had just recorded the song as well. Riley's record was an immediate smash; Capitol Records did release Spears' version the same week, but it failed to chart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.102198600769043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Harper Valley PTA" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "Tom T. Hall is known as a Country music storyteller and he has racked up a number of solo hits, including 7 #1 Country singles. In 1974 he had a #12 pop hit in the States with \"I Love,\" a sentimental list of things he likes. He recalled to The Boot in a 2011 interview that the song was based on a true story. Said the songwriter: \"I chose the story to make a statement but I changed the names to protect the innocent. There were 10 kids in our family. We'd get up in the morning and my mother and father would get bored with us running around and we'd go terrorize the neighbors up and down this little road we lived on. After we had done our chores, of course.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.377358436584473, "source": "search", "title": "Harper Valley P.T.A. by Jeannie C. Riley Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "Tom T. Hall, who wrote this song, had planned a career as a journalist or novelist until the success of this song threw him into the spotlight. He told The Boot: \"That song was my novel. I had been reading Sinclair Lewis. As a young man I read Lewis' novels Babbitt and Elmer Gantry, which is about hypocrisy. Babbitt is, of course, about the social structure of the small town. So being a big Sinclair Lewis fan, when I wrote 'Harper Valley' I incorporated elements of Elmer Gantry into the song.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.0222554206848145, "source": "search", "title": "Harper Valley P.T.A. by Jeannie C. Riley Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "This is a vintage live performance by Jeannie C. Riley of her hit song, \"Harper Valley P.T.A.\", written by Tom T. Hall.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.896816730499268, "source": "search", "title": "Jeannie C. Riley - Harper Valley P.T.A. - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "Tom T. Hall - Harper Valley P.T.A. lyrics | LyricsMode.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.419342517852783, "source": "search", "title": "Tom T. Hall - Harper Valley P.T.A. lyrics | LyricsMode.com" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "Tom T. Hall Tom T. Hall –", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327770233154297, "source": "search", "title": "Tom T. Hall - Harper Valley P.T.A. lyrics | LyricsMode.com" }, { "answer": "Tom T. Hall", "passage": "Tom T. Hall – Harper Valley P.T.A. lyrics", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.007370471954346, "source": "search", "title": "Tom T. Hall - Harper Valley P.T.A. lyrics | LyricsMode.com" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Elvis Presley's last No. 1 hit, \"Suspicious Minds,\" was recorded at American Sound Studio in Nashville, Tenn. The studio folded in 1972, and the building was later torn down.", "precise_score": 6.3495354652404785, "rough_score": 3.6731202602386475, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis faithful can't visit site of his last No. 1 ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "- Presley became the first rock artist to make two trips to the Hot 100 summit, as \"Stuck on You\" began a four-week command April 30, 1960. That song, recorded shortly after Presley's discharge from the Army, followed \"A Big Hunk O' Love,\" which led the Aug. 15, 1959, chart. Presley last perched atop the Hot 100 No. 1 with \"Suspicious Minds\" the week of Nov. 1, 1969. (In another sign of how much Presley and Billboard charts have been linked, that date doubles as Billboard's birthday; the magazine first published the week of Nov. 1, 1894).", "precise_score": -0.4350309371948242, "rough_score": -2.3737001419067383, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley's Billboard Chart Records | Billboard" }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Throughout his amazing career, Presley helped popularize rock 'n' roll music in America. He also won three Grammy Awards for his gospel recordings. A major musical force, Presley had 18 No. 1 singles, including \"Don't Be Cruel,\" \"Good Luck Charm\" and \"Suspicious Minds,\" as well as countless gold and platinum albums. He was one of the first performers inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1986). But Elvis has been recognized for his contributions several musical genres, most notably rock, country and gospel. In 1998, Presley was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame; three years later, he was posthumously inducted into the Gospel Music Association's Gospel Music Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": 0.1428244262933731, "rough_score": 1.1100925207138062, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley - Film Actor, Singer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Elvis Presley: On Stage was a live album of recordings made at the International Hotel in Las Vegas in February featuring mostly cover versions of recent hits, Release Me, Sweet Caroline and Proud Mary, as well as live versions of his own hits Suspicious Minds and In The Ghetto and it did also introduce his own The Wonder Of You which as a live recording was a number one single for 6 weeks in the summer.", "precise_score": -4.90018367767334, "rough_score": -0.7201694846153259, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley's UK No.1 Albums : Elvis Biography : : 'For ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "MEMPHIS (AP) — Elvis Presley fans flocking to Memphis this weekend to remember the day he died are being encouraged to also celebrate the 40th anniversary of his final No. 1 hit single, \" Suspicious Minds .\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7342641353607178, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis faithful can't visit site of his last No. 1 ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "The entourage began melting away as Presley began to gel with Moman and the house band in overnight recording sessions. He agreed to record \"In the Ghetto,\" unusual in Elvis' repertoire for its social commentary on the cycle of crime and poverty, and \"Suspicious Minds,\" which became a centerpiece of his live Las Vegas performances that would begin that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.629541397094727, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis faithful can't visit site of his last No. 1 ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis' Last No. 1 Hit : Elvis Articles : Mark James. : 'For Elvis Fans Only' Official Elvis Presley Fan Club", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4652154445648193, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Elvis Presley's 'Suspicious Minds' actually was a cover. A year earlier, singer Mark James had written and recorded the original for Scepter Records. Below, Mark James and producer Chips Moman, talk about the song's inspiration and how an argument over rights nearly cost the King his hit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.681221008300781, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Later that year, Don Cruise, Chips's partner, told me Elvis had booked American Sound to record what would become his 'From Elvis in Memphis' album. Don kept asking if I had any songs that would be a good fit. Tom Jones was hot at the time, and I knew Elvis needed a mature rock 'n' roll song to bring him back. Don and I thought of 'Suspicious Minds' and I began urging everyone to get Elvis to hear it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.712521553039551, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Chips Moman: We finally got around to recording 'Suspicious Minds' after midnight [early on Jan. 23]. I had a ping-pong table, and Elvis was pretty good at it [laughing]. He used the same arrangement on Mark's single and most of the same American Sound studio musicians. When we finished, Elvis' crowd of business people standing around said they wanted half my publishing rights. I told them they were barking up the wrong tree. I accused them of stealing, they got angry, and I threatened to halt the entire session. Fortunately, RCA's Harry Jenkins said, 'This boy is right and we're going to finish the session just the way he wants to'. Jenkins sensed 'Suspicious Minds' was going to be big and he knew there would be plenty to go around.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.065911293029785, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "Chips Moman: Felton Jarvis [Elvis' longtime producer] was never happy that Elvis recorded at American. It was a control thing. So when Jarvis took the tape of 'Suspicious Minds', he added this crazy 15-second fade toward the end, like the song was ending, and brought it back by overdubbing to extend it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.068395614624023, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "By the late 1960s, James was signed as a staff songwriter to Memphis producer Chips Moman's publishing company , Moman produced Thomas's versions of The Eyes Of A New York Woman, Hooked On A Feeling and It's Only Love in 1968-69, and all achieved success. The songwriter wrote, sang and issued his own version of Suspicious Minds, also produced by Chips Moman , on Scepter Records in 1968 but without success and in the same arrangement the song became a worldwide smash hit for Elvis Presley in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.006228446960449, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "'Suspicious Minds' # 2 [1969]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.240585327148438, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "'The Elvis Medley', containing 'Suspicious Minds', #51.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.903064250946045, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "'Suspicious minds' 'live' #15 [2001].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395129203796387, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "'Suspicious Minds' #11 [2007] whilst on the same run", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.473237037658691, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "' Raised on Rock ' and ' Moody Blue ' were chosen as the titles of the albums on which they first appeared. In the states 'Suspicious Minds' and 'Moody Blue' were numbers one's. 'Its only love' was lifted from the Elvis Aron Presley box set in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.666732311248779, "source": "search", "title": "Mark James : Caught in a Trap : Suspicious Minds : Elvis ..." }, { "answer": "Suspicious Minds", "passage": "With that success behind him, Presley turned to performing in Las Vegas. His monthlong debut at the International Hotel in Las Vegas began on July 26, 1969, and set the course for all of Presley’s future performances. His fee for the four weeks was over $1 million. Riding the crest of his comeback, Presley released a series of top singles, including “In the Ghetto” (Number Three, 1969), “Suspicious Minds” (Number One, 1969 — his first chart-topper in over seven years), “Don’t Cry Daddy” (Number Six, 1969), and “The Wonder of You” (Number Nine, 1970). He toured the country annually, selling out showrooms, auditoriums, and arenas, frequently breaking box-office records. Until his death, he performed a total of nearly 1,100 concerts. There were two on-tour documentaries released, Elvis: That’s the Way It Is (1970) and Elvis on Tour (1972), the latter of which won the Golden Globe Award for Best Doucmentary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.539265155792236, "source": "search", "title": "Elvis Presley | Rolling Stone" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Agnes de Mille", "passage": "Continuing his string of successes, in 1942 Copland composed the ballet Rodeo, a tale of a ranch wedding, written around the same time as Lincoln Portrait. Rodeo is another enduring composition for Copland and contains many recognizable folk tunes, well-blended with Copland's original music. Notable in the final movement, is the striking \"Hoedown\". This was a recreation of Appalachian fiddler W. H. Stepp's version of the square-dance tune \"Bonypart\" (\"Bonaparte's Retreat\"), which had been transcribed for piano by Ruth Crawford Seeger and published in Alan Lomax and Seeger's book, Our Singing Country (1941). For the \"Hoedown\" in Rodeo Copland borrowed note for note from Seeger's piano transcription of Stepp's tune. This fragment (lifted from Ruth Crawford Seeger) is now one of the best-known compositions by any American composer, having been used numerous times in movies and on television, including commercials for the American beef industry. \"Hoedown\" was given a rock arrangement by Emerson, Lake & Palmer in 1972. The ballet, originally titled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", was choreographed by Agnes de Mille, niece of film giant Cecil B. DeMille. It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on October 16, 1942, with de Mille dancing the principal \"cowgirl\" role and the performance received a standing ovation. A reduced score is still popular as an orchestral piece, especially at \"Pops\" concerts.", "precise_score": 2.3442461490631104, "rough_score": 5.495677947998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "Agnes de Mille", "passage": "Rodeo is a ballet scored by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", the ballet consists of five sections: \"Buckaroo Holiday\", \"Ranch House Party\", \"Corral Nocturne\", \"Saturday Night Waltz\", and \"Hoe-Down\". The symphonic version omits \"Ranch House Party\", leaving the other sections relatively intact.", "precise_score": 7.479464530944824, "rough_score": 6.418812274932861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "Agnes Demille", "passage": "Rodeo  was originally a ballet choreographed by Agnes DeMille and scored by Copland in 1942 for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo .  It premiered that year at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City with DeMille in the title role to great acclaim.  Copland converted the music into an orchestral suite, Four Dance Episodes from Rodeo , which was premiered by the Boston Pops in 1943.  This version, whose chief difference from the ballet music was the removal of one movement and the trimming of other sections, became one of Copland’s most popular and enduring works.  This is especially true of the first movement, Buckaroo Holiday, and the last, Hoedown.  Both of these have been arranged for band.", "precise_score": 8.277034759521484, "rough_score": 8.046533584594727, "source": "search", "title": "Copland-Aaron | Wind Band Literature" }, { "answer": "Agnes de Mille", "passage": "The original ballet was choreographed by Agnes de Mille for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, a dance company that moved to the United States during World War II. In order to compete with the rival company Ballet Theatre, the Ballet Russe commissioned de Mille out of a career of relative obscurity. The choreographer was given considerable creative control, choosing Aaron Copland as the composer after being impressed by his previous ballet, Billy the Kid. Though Copland was initially reluctant to compose \"another Cowboy ballet,\" De Mille persuaded him that this show would mark a significant departure from his previous work. As de Mille found herself occupied with instructing a highly international cast in the mannerisms of American cowboys, Copland recommended that Oliver Smith design the sets,Pollack, Howard (1999). Aaron Copland: The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man. New York: Henry Holt, ISBN 0-252-06900-5. in what would prove to be a prescient action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.2784387469291687, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "Agnes de Mille", "passage": "The ballet makes use of riding movements that Agnes de Mille devised with the assistance of Peggy van Praagh, for a recital in London by Peggy van Praagh and Hugh Laing in 1938. De Mille also made use of such vernacular forms as a square dance and a cadenza for a tap dancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.006770133972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "Agnes Demille", "passage": "As noted above, finding suitable Cowgirls to play this role was a challenge. Lucia Chase recalls that when the Ballet Theater Company had exclusive rights to stage Rodeo, Agnes DeMille urged the employment of \"charming and talented comediennes from the Broadway musical stage\" for the role. In the ballet world, DeMille's favorites for the role were: Dorothy Etheridge (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo), Jenny Workman (The Ballet Theater Company), Carole Valleskey (Joffrey Ballet), Bonnie Wyckoff (Boston Ballet) and Christine Sarry (American Ballet Theatre).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.363908052444458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "Agnes Demille", "passage": "In the 1970s, Christine Sarry emerged as DeMille's preferred interpreter of this complex role, DeMille even preferring Sarry's version to her own. Agnes DeMille stated in her will that only Sarry was authorized to approve of dancers who could take up the role of the Cowgirl. Since Agnes DeMille's death, Sarry has coached and approved numerous dancers in the part. In the 21st century, the list includes: Tina LeBlanc (San Francisco Ballet (2006), Kristin Long (San Francisco Ballet, 2007); Xiomara Reyes (American Ballet Theater, 2006); Marian Butler (American Ballet Theater, 2006); and Erica Cornejo (American Ballet Theater, 2005). Of Ms. Cornejo, critic Jerry Hochman wrote, \"Cornejo owns the role now\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.13530445098877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "Agnes Demille", "passage": "Up to 1979, Rodeo was staged mainly by deMille and Vernon Lusby, for many years one of her most trusted assistants on numerous projects. When illness precluded his ability to continue setting Rodeo in 1981, deMille asked Paul Sutherland, a former principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre, Joffrey Ballet, and Harkness Ballet who had danced leading roles in several of her ballets, to begin staging Rodeo. With the passing of Agnes deMille in 1993, ownership and all rights to Rodeo passed to her son, Jonathan Prude. For the next several years, several people staged the ballet. In 1999, Prude set up the deMille Committee to oversee her numerous works and assigned sole responsibility for staging Rodeo to Sutherland, including the selection of dancers, rehearsals and stage production. With the exception of a few companies to whom Agnes deMille had, years before, given the ballet in perpetuity, Sutherland has staged Rodeo over fifty times for dozens of companies and universities throughout the United States and Canada as well as in Antwerp, Belgium, and continues to do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.31433749198913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "Agnes Demille", "passage": "It was in 1935 with “El Salón México” that Copland began his most productive and popular years. The piece presented a new sound that had its roots in Mexican folk music. Copland believed that through this music, he could find his way to a more popular symphonic music. In his search for the widest audience, Copland began composing for the movies and ballet. Among his most popular compositions for film are those for “Of Mice and Men” (1939), “Our Town ” (1940), and “The Heiress” (1949), which won him an Academy Award for best score. He composed scores for a number of ballets, including two of the most popular of the time: “Agnes DeMille’s Rodeo” (1942) and Martha Graham ‘s “Appalachian Spring” (1944), for which he won the Pulitzer Prize. Both ballets presented views of American country life that corresponded to the folk traditions Copland was interested in. Probably the most important and successful composition from this time was his patriotic “A Lincoln Portrait” (1942). The piece for voice and orchestra presents quotes from Lincoln’s writings narrated over Copland’s musical composition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.11993691325187683, "source": "search", "title": "Aaron Copland | About the Composer | American Masters | PBS" }, { "answer": "Agnes Demille", "passage": "First, a snippet of the original ballet as performed by the American Ballet Theatre in 1973.  This clip includes an interview with Agnes DeMille and most of the opening Buckaroo Holiday scene:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.929037570953369, "source": "search", "title": "Copland-Aaron | Wind Band Literature" }, { "answer": "Agnes de Mille", "passage": "1942—Completes A Lincoln Portrait, commissioned by conductor Andre Kostelanetz, and Fanfare for the Common Man, and composes the ballet Rodeo, commissioned by Agnes de Mille; elected to the Music Department of the National Institute of Arts and Letters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.913210391998291, "source": "search", "title": "Aaron Copland / Timeline // Copland House …where America's ..." }, { "answer": "Agnes de Mille", "passage": "Continuing his string of successes, in 1942 Copland composed the ballet Rodeo , a tale of a ranch wedding, written around the same time as Lincoln Portrait . Rodeo is another enduring composition for Copland and contains many recognizable folk tunes, well-blended with Copland's original music. Notable in the final movement, is the striking \"Hoedown\". This was a recreation of Appalachian fiddler W. M. Stepp's version of the square-dance tune \"Bonypart\" (\"Bonapart's Retreat\"), which had been transcribed for piano by Ruth Crawford Seeger and published in Alan Lomax and Seeger's book, Our Singing Country (1941). For the \"Hoedown\" in Rodeo Copland borrowed note for note from Seeger's piano transcription of Stepp's tune. [122] This fragment (lifted from Ruth Crawford Seeger) is now one of the best-known compositions by any American composer, having been used numerous times in movies and on television, including commercials for the American beef industry. [123] The ballet, originally titled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", was choreographed by Agnes de Mille , niece of film giant Cecil B. DeMille . [124] It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on October 16, 1942 with de Mille dancing the principal \"cowgirl\" role and the performance received a standing ovation. [125] A reduced score is still popular as an orchestral piece, especially at \"Pops\" concerts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.284046649932861, "source": "search", "title": "Aaron Copland: Biography - Classic Cat" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Riders of the Purple Sage is a Western novel by Zane Grey, first published by Harper & Brothers in 1912. Considered by many critics to have played a significant role in shaping the formula of the popular Western genre, the novel has been called \"the most popular western novel of all time.\" ", "precise_score": 10.317286491394043, "rough_score": 9.469381332397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Riders of the Purple Sage was written in 1912 and is set in a remote part of Utah after the influx of Mormon settlers (1847-1857) as a backdrop for the plot (1871). The Mormons had been centered in Kirtland, Ohio in the 1830s and Zane Grey would have been aware of the Mormon sect given that he grew up in Zanesville, Ohio.", "precise_score": 8.36691665649414, "rough_score": 9.751407623291016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey | PenguinRandomHouse.com", "precise_score": 8.955224990844727, "rough_score": 7.9853739738464355, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Told by a master storyteller who, according to critic Russell Nye, “combined adventure, action, violence, crisis, conflict, sentimentalism, and sex in an extremely shrewd mixture,” Riders of the Purple Sage is a classic of the Western genre. It is the story of Lassiter, a gunslinging avenger in black, who shows up in a remote Utah town just in time to save the young and beautiful rancher Jane Withersteen from having to marry a Mormon elder against her will. Lassiter is on his own quest, one that ends when he discovers a secret grave on Jane’s grounds. “[Zane Grey’s] popularity was neither accidental nor undeserved,” wrote Nye. “Few popular novelists have possessed such a grasp of what the public wanted and few have developed Grey’s skill at supplying it.”", "precise_score": 7.067355632781982, "rough_score": 7.615353584289551, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Told by a master storyteller who, according to critic Russell Nye, “combined adventure, action, violence, crisis, conflict, sentimentalism, and sex in an extremely shrewd mixture,” Riders of the Purple Sage is a classic of the Western genre. It is the story of Lassiter, a gunslinging avenger in black, who shows up in a remote Utah town just in time to save the young and beautiful rancher Jane Withersteen from having to marry a Mormon elder against her will. Lassiter is on his own quest, one that ends when he discovers a secret grave on Jane’s grounds. “[Zane Grey’s] popularity was neither accidental nor undeserved,” wrote Nye. “Few popular novelists have possessed such a grasp of what the public wanted and few have developed Grey’s skill at supplying it.”", "precise_score": 7.067355632781982, "rough_score": 7.615353584289551, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Plural marriage was only officially prohibited by the Mormons with the issuing of the First and Second Manifesto in 1890 and 1904 respectively, enacted primarily to allow the territory to attain statehood. In 1871, mainstream American society found plural marriage offensive. Even after the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act was passed in 1862, the practice continued. Therefore, Zane Grey described the distaste of the institution through Lassiter in 1912, some 22 years after the practice had officially ended.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334236145019531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Jane Withersteen represents the force of established legal and religious law in Cottonwoods. From the beginning, Zane Grey describes the characteristics of Jane, \"Trouble between the Mormons and the Gentiles of the community would make her unhappy… Jane prayed that the tranquility and sweetness of her life would not be permanently disrupted\". This identifies her as a lover of tranquility and peace, topics that seemed foreign to the other Mormons in 1871, a time of change when the Mormon communities struggled against the invasion of Gentile settlers and the forays of rustlers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2123441696167, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Zane Grey describes him as a gentle-voiced, sad-faced man who was a hater and killer of Mormons; together, these characteristics appear to be a paradox for the people around him. He is in his late thirties, and he has spent nearly half of his life riding into the West in search of his proselyte sister Milly Erne, who was forced to abandon her family and join the Mormon sect under the influence of Bishop Dyer and the elder Withersteen. Due to this tragedy and his experience as a gunman in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska, Lassiter showed no compassion to the Mormons that he deemed to be guilty but treated all others, like Jane Withersteen, with respect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.802205085754395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Elizabeth brings optimism to the story and helps Zane Grey emphasize that men are easily changed by women; through Jane’s influence, Lassiter became more peaceful, and through Elizabeth’s company, Venters becomes more human. He realizes, \"We can’t be any higher in the things for which life is lived at all…. relationship, friendship—love\". Throughout the novel, Elizabeth remains very static when compared to the other protagonists, and she only changes psychologically to accommodate the new love that she has for Venters. Even after recovering from her wounds, she appears very submissive to Venters while her personality remains childlike (e.g. fear of thunder even though she has lived in the West for all her life, regard for most of Venters' schemes with enthusiasm, etc.). Even after she learns that Venters had killed Oldring, the man who had protected her, she quickly forgives him for the mere reason that Oldring was not her biological father.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.022185325622559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "First, Zane Grey defends morality in characters like Jane. Jane is heavily persecuted for her views on what is moral and what is not moral. In the eyes of the reader, Jane is the righteous one, and thus, she is moral. She is troubled by the leaders of her local congregation not adhering to the professed principles of her faith. This theme could be generalized to any religious organization, since religious leaders can and do seek power, wealth, and oppress outsiders. Morality plays a role in most westerns in that the community questions the morality of the hero, as Jane questions the morality of Lassiter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269808769226074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Second, Zane Grey shows honor in his characters including Jane. Despite her persecution, Jane’s prized possessions, the Blacks (Arabian stallions), bring her great joy and her friends seek to protect her prized steeds. In the conclusion, Jane surrenders the Blacks to help Venters and Bess escape. Through this close relationship of honor, the trio is able to keep fighting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293105125427246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage" }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "“[Zane Grey is] an amazingly significant literary phenomenon.”—Hamlin Garland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31230640411377, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "About Zane Grey", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443387985229492, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Zane Grey was an American author best know for his influential work in the early days of the Western genre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796513557434082, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "About Zane Grey", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443387985229492, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." }, { "answer": "Zane Grey", "passage": "Zane Grey was an American author best know for his influential work in the early days of the Western genre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796513557434082, "source": "search", "title": "Riders of the Purple Sage by Zane Grey ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "David Wark" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "david wark" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "david wark", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "David Wark" }

[ { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "David Wark Griffith, billed first as “Lawrence Brayington” and then as “Lawrence Griffith“, had a mostly undistinguished and obscure theatrical career. Appearing in touring stock companies or with Louisville theatre groups, he worked for years in the famously insecure and penurious conditions actors endured in turn-of-the-century America. Between engagements he worked odd jobs such as picking hops or shoveling coal on a freighter. Agonisingly unsuccessful at obtaining any real work in New York City, he often slept in flophouses and frequented brothels, all the while imbibing the colourful and tumultuous immigrant life of the Lower East Side.", "precise_score": 2.5246779918670654, "rough_score": 1.603203535079956, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith • Great Director profile • Senses of Cinema" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "David Wark Griffith (1875-1948) was the first film director who became a superstar in the popular media of his day, his name alone guaranteeing receipts at the box office from the mid-teens through the early 1920s. He was often credited with virtually single-handedly inventing modern motion picture story-telling techniques. He did not actually invent such concepts as close-ups and editing, which had been around for years when he started making films in 1908. But Griffith, unlike many filmmakers of the early years, was able to recognize and exploit the dramatic impact of these devices, developing them to the point that film became a genuine expressive art form. Unable to make a living at his chosen profession of stage actor and playwright, he accepted a job as a film actor and soon turned to directing. At the Biograph studio he directed well over 400 short films, experimenting with different techniques, acting styles, and subject matter, and gauging their effect on the audience. With the help of veteran cameraman G. W. \"Billy\" Bitzer (1872-1944), who had been at Biograph since its beginnings in the 1890s, he explored a variety of photographic effects that were soon copied by other filmmakers. He also helped pioneer filmed stories that lasted longer than about 15 minutes on the screen, or the amount of film that would fit on one 1,000-foot reel (the maximum capacity of most projectors of the time). Over the initial objections of his employers, by 1911 he was making two-reel films, and in 1913 secretly planned to make his production of Judith of Bethulia into a biblical epic that ran an hour, or four reels. It was not the first film of such a length, nor even the first four-reel American film (the French Queen Elizabeth and the American Richard III and Cleopatra are four- and five-reel productions from 1912 that have survived). Movie patrons were starting to develop a taste for \"feature-length\" attractions and Biograph officials were finally realizing this, but for defying their authority they demoted Griffith to a \"supervisor\" and delayed releasing the film for several months.", "precise_score": 3.4193952083587646, "rough_score": 1.3842482566833496, "source": "search", "title": "D. W. Griffith Re-examined - University of North Dakota" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "D.W. Griffith, in full David Wark Griffith (born January 22, 1875, Floydsfork, Kentucky , U.S.—died July 23, 1948, Hollywood , California ), pioneer American motion-picture director, credited with developing many of the basic techniques of filmmaking, in such films as The Birth of a Nation (1915), Intolerance (1916), Broken Blossoms (1919), Way Down East (1920), Orphans of the Storm (1921), and The Struggle (1931).", "precise_score": 5.153170585632324, "rough_score": 7.118196487426758, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith | American director | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "David Wark Griffith was born in rural Kentucky to Jacob \"Roaring Jake\" Griffith, a former Confederate Army colonel and Civil War hero. Young Griffith grew up with his father's romantic war stories and melodramatic nineteenth-century literature that were to eventually mold his black-and-white view of human existence and history. In 1897 Griffith set out to pursue a career both acting and writing for the theater, but for the most part was unsuccessful. Reluctantly, he agreed to act in the new motion picture medium for Edwin S. Porter at the Edison Company. Griffith was eventually offered a job at the financially struggling American Mutoscope & Biograph Co., where he directed over four hundred and fifty short films, experimenting with the story-telling techniques he would later perfect in his epic The Birth of a Nation (1915).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4022836685180664, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "     Recognized throughout the world as the single most important individual in the development of film as an art, David Wark Griffith was born on January 22, 1875, in Crestwood, Kentucky, to a middle-aged couple, Jacob Wark Griffith and Mary Perkins Oglesby, whose fortunes had suffered in the aftermath of the South's defeat.  David's father, nicknamed \"Roaring Jake,\" was a western adventurer, Confederate Civil War veteran, and Kentucky legislator who bequeathed to his son a taste for the romantic and dramatic along with Jeffersonian ideals.  The boy's Southern identity as one of a conquered people likely contributed to the anti-imperialist sentiments that he would later express in his films.  David was raised on the farm and received his early education in a one-room country school and from his older sister, Mattie, a school teacher.  When he was ten years old, his father died, plunging the Griffith family into debt-ridden poverty.  By the time he was fourteen, his family was forced to abandon their unproductive farm for a new life in Louisville where his mother opened a boarding house, an undertaking that soon failed.  With the family still besieged by debts, David left high school to help with the finances, taking a job first in a dry goods store, and, later, in a bookstore, which became his \"university,\" exposing him to the world of ideas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1456682682037354, "source": "search", "title": "D. W. Griffith (1875-1948) - Gilda's Attic" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "David Wark Griffith was born on 22 January, 1875, on the family farm, Lofty Green, near Crestwood, Kentucky. Griffith’s father, “Roaring Jake” Griffith, had been a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, serving in the Kentucky Orphan Brigade under the leadership of its famed commander, General John C. Breckinridge. Jake was wounded several times during the war, including a severe stomach wound, which Griffith claimed caused his father’s death 20 years after the war. Lofty Green was burned and devastated during the war (ironically by Confederate raiders) and never regained its former prosperity. The postwar Griffith family eventually included Jake, his wife Mary, and their seven children.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4361042976379395, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith • Great Director profile • Senses of Cinema" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "The play was ripped apart by the critics in Baltimore and Washington D.C. and never made it to Broadway. Undeterred, Griffith began work on yet another play set during the American Revolution and entitled War. Meanwhile the Griffiths had to eat. And so it was that, in 1907, David Wark Griffith began peddling scenarios to those lowly moving picture companies…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.525103211402893, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith • Great Director profile • Senses of Cinema" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "And so David Wark Griffith’s career as a film director was over…", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.165262222290039, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith • Great Director profile • Senses of Cinema" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "David Wark Griffith was born in rural Kentucky to Jacob \"Roaring Jake\" Griffith, a former Confederate Army colonel and Civil War hero. Young Griffith grew up with his father's romantic war stories and melodramatic nineteenth-century literature that were to eventually mold his black-and-white view of human existence and history. In 1897 Griffith ... See full bio »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.818211793899536, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "Himself (as David Wark Griffith)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.102145195007324, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "David W. Griffith | David Wark Griffith | Lawrence Griffith | Granville Hicks | Capt. Victor Marier | Captain Victor Marier | Victor Marier | Irene Sinclair | Roy Sinclair | Granville Warwick | Gaston de Tolignac | M. Gaston de Tolignac", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.412231922149658, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Wark", "passage": "Alternative Title: David Wark Griffith", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.484743118286133, "source": "search", "title": "D.W. Griffith | American director | Britannica.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Sparky Schulz", "Charles Shulz", "Charles M. Shultz", "Charles M. Schulz", "Charles M Schulz", "Schulz, Charles Monroe", "Charles Shultz", "Schulz, Charles M", "Charles M. Schultz", "Charles Monroe Schulz", "Schulz, Charles M.", "Charles Schulz", "Charles Shulz Tribute", "Charlie Brown, Snoopy and Me" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "charles shultz", "charles schulz", "schulz charles m", "sparky schulz", "charlie brown snoopy and me", "charles shulz tribute", "schulz charles monroe", "charles shulz", "charles m schulz", "charles monroe schulz", "charles m shultz", "charles m schultz" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "charles schulz", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Charles Schulz" }

[ { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Happiness is a Warm Puppy (Peanuts): Charles M. Schulz: 9781933662077: Amazon.com: Books", "precise_score": 6.4869279861450195, "rough_score": 5.59345817565918, "source": "search", "title": "Happiness is a Warm Puppy (Peanuts): Charles M. Schulz ..." }, { "answer": "Charles Schulz", "passage": "\"Good Ol' Charlie Brown. … How I hate him!,\" the punch line of the very first Peanuts strip, works as a tart summation of Schulz and Peanuts , David Michaelis' new biography of Charles Schulz, if we take creation for creator. Schulz was the sole shaper of Peanuts and one of the wealthiest and most widely read artists who ever lived. In this, the first serious full-length biography of Schulz, Michaelis introduces us to a troubled and troubling pop genius. If he doesn't break ground in the aesthetic appreciation of this great modernist artist, who brought stark minimalism and psychologically acute ennui to the comics pages, he does tell a memorable story of how getting everything you want won't necessarily make you happy. Schulz's family has complained that Michaelis makes Schulz sound dourer than he truly was. But anyone looking unsentimentally at Peanuts would know they were gazing upon a heart of darkness no number of dancing beagles could obscure.", "precise_score": -6.849020957946777, "rough_score": -7.954225540161133, "source": "search", "title": "Happiness Is a Warm Puppy - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Charles M Schulz", "passage": "“Happiness is a warm puppy” – Charles M Schulz |", "precise_score": 6.824863910675049, "rough_score": 5.154046535491943, "source": "search", "title": "“Happiness is a warm puppy” – Charles M Schulz | Following ..." }, { "answer": "Charlie Brown, Snoopy and Me", "passage": "''You can't create humor out of happiness,'' Mr. Schulz said in his 1980 book, ''Charlie Brown, Snoopy and Me.''", "precise_score": -5.703094005584717, "rough_score": -8.382500648498535, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Charles M. Schulz is a legend. He was the hand and heart behind fifty years of Peanuts, which featured one of the world’s most beloved and recognizable casts of cartoon characters, until his death in 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199179649353027, "source": "search", "title": "Happiness is a Warm Puppy (Peanuts): Charles M. Schulz ..." }, { "answer": "Charles Schulz", "passage": "While romancing Jeannie in 1973, Schulz launched on a bravura Peanuts sequence often cited as a favorite by fans. It starts with Charlie Brown seeing the rising sun as a giant baseball. Then his head begins to turn into one. To hide his freakish shame at summer camp, he wears a grocery bag over his head and is dubbed \"Mr. Sack\" by his campmates. Suddenly the always put-upon Charlie Brown, incognito, becomes a wise leader of men. Michaelis reads this as elaborate cartoon autobiography. Charles Schulz can't be loved or respected as himself. Only under the identity of \"the man who draws Snoopy\" can he win the accolades and respect of the world that he thought ugly little picked-on Sparky Schulz could never know.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.330260276794434, "source": "search", "title": "Happiness Is a Warm Puppy - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "by Charles M. Schulz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04850959777832, "source": "search", "title": "Happiness is a Warm Puppy. | elephant journal" }, { "answer": "Charles Schulz", "passage": "By all accounts Charles Schulz hit the nail on the head with that quote.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377881050109863, "source": "search", "title": "“Happiness is a warm puppy” – Charles M Schulz | Following ..." }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Charles M. Schulz, 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.250238418579102, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Charles M. Schulz, 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.250238418579102, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Charles M. Schulz, the creator of ''Peanuts,'' the tender and sage comic strip starring Charlie Brown and Snoopy that is read by 355 million people around the world, died in his sleep on Saturday night at his home in Santa Rosa, Calif., just hours before his last cartoon ran in the Sunday newspapers. He was 77.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256072998046875, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "The cause of death was colon cancer, said Paige Braddock, creative director for Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468189239501953, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles Schulz", "passage": "The life of ''Peanuts'' and Charles Schulz were completely intertwined. ''The strip and he were one,'' said Patrick McDonnell, who draws the cartoon ''Mutts.'' ''He put his heart and soul into that strip.'' ''Peanuts,'' which reached readers in 75 countries, 2,600 papers and 21 languages every day, made Mr. Schulz very rich. The ''Peanuts'' strips, merchandise and product endorsements brought in $1.1 billion a year. And Mr. Schulz was said to have earned about $30 million to $40 million annually.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385150909423828, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles Monroe Schulz", "passage": "Charles Monroe Schulz, the son of Carl Schulz, a barber, like Charlie Brown's father, and the former Dena Halverson, was born in Minneapolis on Nov. 26, 1922. Young Charles was nicknamed Sparky after the horse Spark Plug in the comic strip ''Barney Google.'' He had a black-and-white dog named Spike (memorialized in the character of Snoopy's skinny Western brother).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.956541061401367, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Despite his large family and large success he was a melancholy man who worried and was often lonely, depressed and plagued by panic attacks, features that Rheta Grimsley Johnson brought out in her 1989 biography ''Good Grief: The Story of Charles M. Schulz.'' Sally, Charlie Brown's sister, put it well in a school report on night and day: ''Daytime is so you can see where you're going. Nighttime is so you can lie in bed worrying.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.089343070983887, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Named for Charles M. Schulz's acquaintance, Charlie Brown. (As Mr. Schulz remembered the namesake, ''He was a very bright young man with a lot of enthusiasm for life. I began to tease him about his love for parties and I used to say, 'Here comes good ol' Charlie Brown, now we can have a good time.' '')", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175924301147461, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz , 'Peanuts' Creator, Dies at 77" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Howard Hawk", "Howard Winchester Hawks", "Howard Hawks" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "howard hawk", "howard hawks", "howard winchester hawks" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "howard hawks", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Howard Hawks" }

[ { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a 1953 American film adaptation of the 1949 stage musical, released by 20th Century Fox, directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe with Charles Coburn, Elliott Reid, Tommy Noonan, George Winslow, Taylor Holmes and Norma Varden in supporting roles.", "precise_score": 8.744440078735352, "rough_score": 7.69219446182251, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Who would imagine that the same man responsible for To Have and Have Not, The Big Sleep, Red River and Rio Bravo was also the director of Gentleman Prefer Blondes? But let's not forget — the estimable Mr. Howard Hawks also directed Bringing Up Baby, His Girl Friday and the hilarious Ball of Fire with Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck — Hawks knew how to direct women, and he sure knew comedy. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a triumph of a film, blatantly and unapologetically about sex, romance and savvy dames with phenomenal bodies who can sing and dance. Nightclub singers Dorothy Shaw and Lorelei Lee (Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe) are \"Just Two Little Girls From Little Rock,\" as the song says, on a luxury cruise to Europe, paid for by gold digger Lorelei's wealthy beau. Dorothy falls for the private detective who's secretly spying on Lorelei, and some messiness about possible stolen diamonds ensue. The plot is secondary to the joys of watching the delicious Russell and Monroe together — Russell as the smart, street-wise Dorothy who's holding out for true love, and Monroe as the smart dumb blonde who knows how to get what she wants. The musical numbers are sexy, funny and brilliantly executed — the frankly homoerotic \"Ain't Anyone Here For Love?\" features Russell cavorting with a group of gymnast/dancers in revealing, flesh-colored swim trunks, thrusting muscled legs and tight butts akimbo, and Marilyn's classic turn in \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" still shows what a cut-rate poseur that Madonna person is. Watch this movie often — it will make you happy. Fox's DVD release of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is clean and beautiful, with all that rich Technicolor restored in a new print (the original 1.33:1), while audio is crisp in remastered Dolby stereo, along with the original mono. Includes the Movietone newsreel footage of Marilyn and Jane pressing their body parts into the cement at Grauman's Chinese Theater and trailers for all films in The Diamond Collection. Keep-case.", "precise_score": 8.936725616455078, "rough_score": 9.188830375671387, "source": "search", "title": "The DVD Journal | Quick Reviews: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Directed by Howard Hawks , the collection opens with Gentlemen Prefer Blondes which follows best friends Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw (Monroe and Jane Russell) as two showgirls who set a course for love on board a luxury liner sailing to France. Pursued by a »", "precise_score": 7.903417587280273, "rough_score": 7.226150035858154, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) - News - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "This film was directed by the respected Howard Hawks, who, besides the aforementioned Outlaw, directed other well-regarded American films such as Red River, The Big Sleep, His Girl Friday and Sergeant York. Hawk directed Monroe in two small parts just prior to Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, including a cameo in O. Henry's Full House, and her memorable supporting role in Monkey Business. Hawks and Marilyn locked horns in this production. After dealing with Marilyn's request for retakes, Hawks reportedly told Fox executives how production could be sped up: \"three wonderful ideas: Replace Marilyn, rewrite the script and make it shorter, and get a new director.\"", "precise_score": 9.396228790283203, "rough_score": 9.007741928100586, "source": "search", "title": "dOc DVD Review: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "The Big Sleep is a 1946 film noir directed by Howard Hawks, the first film version of Raymond Chandler's 1939 novel of the same name. The movie stars Humphrey Bogart as private detective Philip Marlowe and Lauren Bacall as Vivian Rutledge in a story about the \"process of a criminal investigation, not its results.\" William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, and Jules Furthman co-wrote the screenplay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.835157871246338, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Big Sleep (1946 film)" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Howard Hawks - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401227951049805, "source": "search", "title": "Howard Hawks - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "How much of Howard Hawks's work have you seen?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43893051147461, "source": "search", "title": "Howard Hawks - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": " 2003 Cary Grant and Howard Hawks (TV Movie documentary)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290911674499512, "source": "search", "title": "Howard Hawks - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": " 1997 Howard Hawks: American Artist (TV Movie documentary)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181265830993652, "source": "search", "title": "Howard Hawks - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": " 1967 The Great Professional: Howard Hawks (TV Movie documentary)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152036666870117, "source": "search", "title": "Howard Hawks - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "In celebration of the Venice Film Festival's 80th anniversary, the fest will screen a program of restored classic films, titled \"Venezia Classici.\" Included in the cinephile-dream lineup is Orson Welles ' seldom-seen \" Chimes at Midnight ,\" Ingmar Bergman 's \" Fanny and Alexander ,\" Howard Hawks ' \" Gentlemen Prefer Blondes ,\" Roberto Rosselini's \"Stromboli\" and the restored version of Michael Cimino 's \" Heaven's Gate ,\" which Cimino will accompany (the epic failure, as described in Steven Bach 's must-read \" Final Cut ,\" brought down United Artists ). The program's mission statement shows an admirable embrace of both the preservation of invaluable film heritage and the new digital age: Although relatively recent, the promotion of access to and appreciation of  the vast heritage represented by classic films is now a phenomenon of international significance. Until the end of the »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.853949546813965, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) - News - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Among this year’s list will be Billy Wilder ’s Sunset Boulevard , Ingmar Bergman ’s Fanny & Alexander and Howard Hawks ’ Gentlemen Prefer Blondes . But, the big news is that Criterion have provided a restoration of the legendary and infamous Heaven’s Gate from director Michael Cimino .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.900689125061035, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) - News - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Howard Hawks is noteworthy in cinema for lots of reasons; he’s infamous for just a few. Among them is Hawks’ history of battling the censors. Before the Hays Code came into official effect, he directed the classic Scarface, that great old violent mobster movie that shook things up long before Brian DePalma and Al Pacino whipped out their little friend and added some ultraviolence. Other films, such as Hawks’ adaptation of Raymond Chandler’s pulp novel The Big Sleep brought a strongly homoerotic element into film noir that added increased anxiety to an already-anxiety-driven genre of American cinema. Once Marilyn Monroe entered the movie world in the late 40s, it was only a matter of time before directors like Hawks and Billy Wilder would take advantage of her voluptuous image to mix things up a little on the screen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.33221435546875, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: A Practice Round in Subversion ..." }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "The opening scene of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes features the two women, Lorelei (Marilyn) and Dorothy (Jane Russell), singing and dancing on stage while looking directly at the camera. Interesting, the film’s opening credits interrupt the routine, which then resumes after Howard Hawks’ name gets the directorial credit. It’s only after some time has passed that we finally get a reverse shot of the audience, which focuses on Gus, Lorelei’s decidedly castrated fiancée. This cut comes not a moment too soon. Finally, the viewer can breathe a sigh of relief through the acknowledgment by the cinema screen itself that this is, in fact, cinema. Until the reverse shot takes place, we seem to be watching a filmed stage performance, un-mediated and unadulterated. In Mulveyan terms, castration anxiety is in full effect. Once the reverse shot gives us the image of a rather pathetic looking man, narrative significance is finally given to what was strictly non-narrative before. The song-and-dance routines freeze the narrative from progressing and offer only a one-way gaze by the male viewer of the women on screen. The reverse shot of Gus only hints at the narrative, but it is not the reverse shot with which a male viewer wants to identify; Gus is not the way the male viewer sees himself looking at the ladies, although perhaps Gus is all-too telling of the male viewer’s anxiety.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5242245197296143, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: A Practice Round in Subversion ..." }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Director: Howard Hawks", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.966593742370605, "source": "search", "title": "dOc DVD Review: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Fresh: A strong play to the sophisticated dialog and situations is given by Howard Hawks' direction and he maintains the racy air that brings the musical off excellently at a pace that helps cloak the fact that it's rather lightweight, but sexy, stuff. – William Brogdon, Variety, Jul 7, 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123420715332031, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes on iTunes" }, { "answer": "Howard Hawks", "passage": "Fresh: Howard Hawks adds sly sexual insinuation to the blatantly sexual antics of Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell in this scintillating 1953 adaptation of the stage musical based on Anita Loos's novel. – Richard Brody, New Yorker, Jan 25, 2016", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40992259979248, "source": "search", "title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes on iTunes" } ]

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[ { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The primary steps in the commercialization of sound cinema were taken in the mid- to late 1920s. At first, the sound films incorporating synchronized dialogue—known as \"talking pictures\", or \"talkies\"—were exclusively shorts; the earliest feature-length movies with recorded sound included only music and effects. The first feature film originally presented as a talkie was The Jazz Singer, released in October 1927. A major hit, it was made with Vitaphone, which was at the time the leading brand of sound-on-disc technology. Sound-on-film, however, would soon become the standard for talking pictures.", "precise_score": 7.660550117492676, "rough_score": 5.159302711486816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Over the course of 1928, as Warner Bros. began to rake in huge profits due to the popularity of its sound films, the other studios quickened the pace of their conversion to the new technology. Paramount, the industry leader, put out its first talkie in late September, Beggars of Life; though it had just a few lines of dialogue, it demonstrated the studio's recognition of the new medium's power. Interference, Paramount's first all-talker, debuted in November. The process known as \"goat glanding\" briefly became widespread: soundtracks, sometimes including a smatter of post-dubbed dialogue or song, were added to movies that had been shot, and in some cases released, as silents. A few minutes of singing could qualify such a newly endowed film as a \"musical.\" (Griffith's Dream Street had essentially been a \"goat gland.\") Expectations swiftly changed, and the sound \"fad\" of 1927 became standard procedure by 1929. In February 1929, sixteen months after The Jazz Singers debut, Columbia Pictures became the last of the eight studios that would be known as \"majors\" during Hollywood's Golden Age to release its first part-talking feature, Lone Wolf's Daughter. In late May, the first all-color, all-talking feature, Warner Bros.' On with the Show!, premiered. ", "precise_score": 2.017554759979248, "rough_score": 3.9043922424316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The Jazz Singer is a 1927 American musical film. The first feature-length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences, its release heralded the commercial ascendance of the \"talkies\" and the decline of the silent film era. Directed by Alan Crosland and produced by Warner Bros. with its Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, the film, featuring six songs performed by Al Jolson, is based on ", "precise_score": 8.400468826293945, "rough_score": 5.948389053344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Before the 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in May 1929, honoring films released between August 1927 and July 1928, The Jazz Singer was ruled ineligible for the two top prizes—the Outstanding Picture, Production and the Unique and Artistic Production—on the basis that it would have been unfair competition for the silent pictures under consideration. By mid-1929, Hollywood was producing almost exclusively sound films; by the end of the following year, the same was true in much of Western Europe. Jolson went on to make a series of movies for Warners, including The Singing Fool, a part-talkie, and the all-talking features Say It with Songs (1929), Mammy (1930), and Big Boy (1930).", "precise_score": 7.052590847015381, "rough_score": 6.4300031661987305, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The Jazz Singer was parodied as early as 1936, in the Warner Bros. cartoon I Love to Singa, directed by Tex Avery. Its hero is \"Owl Jolson\", a young owl who croons popular ditties, such as the title song, against the wishes of his father, a classical music teacher. Among the many references to The Jazz Singer in popular culture, perhaps the most notable is that of the classic MGM musical Singin' in the Rain (1952). The story, set in 1927, revolves around efforts to change a silent film production, The Dueling Cavalier, into a talking picture in response to The Jazz Singers success. The plot of the Simpsons episode \"Like Father, Like Clown\" (1991) parallels the tale of Jakie Rabinowitz/Jack Robin. Krusty the Clown's rabbi father disapproves of his son's choice to be a comedian, telling him, \"You have brought shame on our family! Oh, if you were a musician or a jazz singer, this I could forgive.\" The Jazz Singers story continues to be evoked in pictures such as Warner Bros.' animated Happy Feet (2006). ", "precise_score": 2.2336862087249756, "rough_score": 4.4193034172058105, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "When The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson, was released as a feature-length movie on October 6, 1927, it was the first movie that included dialogue and music on the filmstrip itself.", "precise_score": 6.564297199249268, "rough_score": 3.765000104904175, "source": "search", "title": "Jazz Singer Movie - The First Talkie - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Thus, when The Jazz Singer was released on October 6, 1927 it became the first feature-length film (89 minutes long) to include dialogue on the filmstrip itself. The Jazz Singer made way for the future of \"talkies,\" which is what movies with audio soundtracks were called.", "precise_score": 8.91869831085205, "rough_score": 7.749776840209961, "source": "search", "title": "Jazz Singer Movie - The First Talkie - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Over the course of 1928, as Warner Bros. began to rake in huge profits due to the popularity of its sound films, the other studios quickened the pace of their conversion to the new technology. Paramount, the industry leader, put out its first talkie in late September, Beggars of Life; though it had just a few lines of dialogue, it demonstrated the studio's recognition of the new medium's power. Interference, Paramount's first all-talker, debuted in November. The process known as \"goat glanding\" briefly became widespread: soundtracks, sometimes including a smatter of post-dubbed dialogue or song, were added to movies that had been shot, and in some cases released, as silents. [31] A few minutes of singing could qualify such a newly endowed film as a \"musical.\" (Griffith's Dream Street had essentially been a \"goat gland.\") Expectations swiftly changed, and the sound \"fad\" of 1927 became standard procedure by 1929. In February 1929, sixteen months after The Jazz Singer's debut, Columbia Pictures became the last of the eight studios that would be known as \" majors \" during Hollywood's Golden Age to release its first part-talking feature, Lone Wolf's Daughter. [32] Most American movie theaters, especially outside of urban areas, were still not equipped for sound and the studios were not entirely convinced of the talkies' universal appeal—through mid-1930, the majority of Hollywood movies were produced in dual versions, silent as well as talking. [33] Though few in the industry predicted it, silent film as a viable commercial medium in the United States would soon be little more than a memory. The final mainstream purely silent feature put out by a major Hollywood studio was the Hoot Gibson oater Points West, released by Universal Pictures in August 1929. [34] One month earlier, the first all-color, all-talking feature had gone into general release: Warner Bros.' On with the Show!", "precise_score": 2.1659748554229736, "rough_score": 2.4200494289398193, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Warner Bros.' and director Alan Crosland's The Jazz Singer (1927) is an historic milestone film and cinematic landmark. [Most people associate this film with the advent of sound pictures, although Don Juan (1926), a John Barrymore silent film, also had a synchronized musical score performed by the New York Philharmonic and sound effects using Vitaphone's system.] It should be made clear that this film was not the first sound film, nor the first 'talkie' film or the first movie musical.", "precise_score": 6.936731338500977, "rough_score": 4.304718494415283, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In April, 1927, Warners built the first sound studio to produce a feature film with sound. Another sound feature released on October 6, 1927, and directed by Alan Crosland for Warner Bros. revolutionized motion pictures forever. Producer Sam Warner died one day before the film's premiere at Warners' Theatre in New York City. It was the first feature-length talkie (and first musical), The Jazz Singer (1927) , adapted from Samson Raphaelson's successful 1925-26 musical stage play (that starred George Jessel in the Broadway role). It was also the most expensive film in the studio's history, at a budget of about $500,000. Here was a revolutionary film that was mostly silent - with only about 350 'spontaneously spoken' words, but with six songs (in the film's partly-synchronized musical soundtrack). The film was about an aspiring Jewish cantor's son who wanted to become a jazz singer rather than a cantor in the synagogue.", "precise_score": 6.516534805297852, "rough_score": 3.738002300262451, "source": "search", "title": "Film History of the 1920s - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In October 6, 1927, the success of The Jazz Singer, a Warner Brother’s a half-silent, half-talking musical signaled the beginning of the end of silent films and that wonderful experience - but just how rapid was that transition?", "precise_score": 4.510310173034668, "rough_score": 2.9307172298431396, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Francesca Elizabeth Miller" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "On April 15, 1923, at New York City's Rivoli Theater, came the first commercial screening of motion pictures with sound-on-film, the future standard: a set of shorts under the banner of De Forest Phonofilms, accompanying a silent feature. That June, De Forest entered into an extended legal battle with an employee, Freeman Harrison Owens, for title to one of the crucial Phonofilm patents. Although De Forest ultimately won the case in the courts, Owens is today recognized as a central innovator in the field. The following year, De Forest's studio released the first commercial dramatic film shot as a talking picture—the two-reeler Love's Old Sweet Song, directed by J. Searle Dawley and featuring Una Merkel. However, phonofilm's stock in trade was not original dramas but celebrity documentaries, popular music acts, and comedy performances. President Calvin Coolidge, opera singer Abbie Mitchell, and vaudeville stars such as Phil Baker, Ben Bernie, Eddie Cantor and Oscar Levant appeared in the firm's pictures. Hollywood remained suspicious, even fearful, of the new technology. As Photoplay editor James Quirk put it in March 1924, \"Talking pictures are perfected, says Dr. Lee De Forest. So is castor oil.\" De Forest's process continued to be used through 1927 in the United States for dozens of short Phonofilms; in the UK it was employed a few years longer for both shorts and features by British Sound Film Productions, a subsidiary of British Talking Pictures, which purchased the primary Phonofilm assets. By the end of 1930, the Phonofilm business would be liquidated. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.947591304779053, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Domestic competition, however, eclipsed Phonofilm. By September 1925, De Forest and Case's working arrangement had fallen through. The following July, Case joined Fox Film, Hollywood's third largest studio, to found the Fox-Case Corporation. The system developed by Case and his assistant, Earl Sponable, given the name Movietone, thus became the first viable sound-on-film technology controlled by a Hollywood movie studio. The following year, Fox purchased the North American rights to the Tri-Ergon system, though the company found it inferior to Movietone and virtually impossible to integrate the two different systems to advantage. In 1927, as well, Fox retained the services of Freeman Owens, who had particular expertise in constructing cameras for synch-sound film. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.343451499938965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In February 1927, an agreement was signed by five leading Hollywood movie companies: Famous Players Lasky (soon to be part of Paramount), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Universal, First National, and Cecil B. DeMille's small but prestigious Producers Distributing Corporation (PDC). The five studios agreed to collectively select just one provider for sound conversion. The alliance then sat back and waited to see what sort of results the forerunners came up with. In May, Warner Bros. sold back its exclusivity rights to ERPI (along with the Fox-Case sublicense) and signed a new royalty contract similar to Fox's for use of Western Electric technology. As Fox and Warners pressed forward with sound cinema in different directions, both technologically and commercially—Fox with newsreels and then scored dramas, Warners with talking features—so did ERPI, which sought to corner the market by signing up the five allied studios. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.086810111999512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The big sound film sensations of the year all took advantage of preexisting celebrity. On May 20, 1927, at New York's Roxy Theater, Fox Movietone presented a sound film of the takeoff of Charles Lindbergh's celebrated flight to Paris, recorded earlier that day. In June, a Fox sound newsreel depicting his return welcomes in New York and Washington, D.C., was shown. These were the two most acclaimed sound motion pictures to date. In May, as well, Fox had released the first Hollywood fiction film with synchronized dialogue: the short They're Coming to Get Me, starring comedian Chic Sale. After rereleasing a few silent feature hits, such as Seventh Heaven, with recorded music, Fox came out with its first original Movietone feature on September 23: Sunrise, by acclaimed German director F. W. Murnau. As with Don Juan, the film's soundtrack consisted of a musical score and sound effects (including, in a couple of crowd scenes, \"wild\", nonspecific vocals). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.809075355529785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Then, on October 6, 1927, Warner Bros.' The Jazz Singer premiered. It was a smash box office success for the mid-level studio, earning a total of $2.625 million in the United States and abroad, almost a million dollars more than the previous record for a Warners film. Produced with the Vitaphone system, most of the film does not contain live-recorded audio, relying, like Sunrise and Don Juan, on a score and effects. When the movie's star, Al Jolson, sings, however, the film shifts to sound recorded on the set, including both his musical performances and two scenes with ad-libbed speech—one of Jolson's character, Jakie Rabinowitz (Jack Robin), addressing a cabaret audience; the other an exchange between him and his mother. The \"natural\" sounds of the settings were also audible. Though the success of The Jazz Singer was due largely to Jolson, already established as one of America's biggest music stars, and its limited use of synchronized sound hardly qualified it as an innovative sound film (let alone the \"first\"), the movie's profits were proof enough to the industry that the technology was worth investing in. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2849366664886475, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In September 1926, Jack L. Warner, head of Warner Bros., was quoted to the effect that talking pictures would never be viable: \"They fail to take into account the international language of the silent pictures, and the unconscious share of each onlooker in creating the play, the action, the plot, and the imagined dialogue for himself.\" Much to his company's benefit, he would be proven very wrong—between the 1927–28 and 1928–29 fiscal years, Warners' profits surged from $2 million to $14 million. Sound film, in fact, was a clear boon to all the major players in the industry. During that same twelve-month span, Paramount's profits rose by $7 million, Fox's by $3.5 million, and Loew's/MGM's by $3 million. RKO, which hadn't even existed in September 1928 and whose parent production company, FBO, was in the Hollywood minor leagues, by the end of 1929 was established as one of America's leading entertainment businesses. Fueling the boom was the emergence of an important new cinematic genre made possible by sound: the musical. Over sixty Hollywood musicals were released in 1929, and more than eighty the following year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.693033218383789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "\"Talking film is as little needed as a singing book.\" Such was the blunt proclamation of critic Viktor Shklovsky, one of the leaders of the Russian formalist movement, in 1927. While some regarded sound as irreconcilable with film art, others saw it as opening a new field of creative opportunity. The following year, a group of Soviet filmmakers, including Sergei Eisenstein, proclaimed that the use of image and sound in juxtaposition, the so-called contrapuntal method, would raise the cinema to \"...unprecedented power and cultural height. Such a method for constructing the sound-film will not confine it to a national market, as must happen with the photographing of plays, but will give a greater possibility than ever before for the circulation throughout the world of a filmically expressed idea.\" So far as one segment of the audience was concerned, however, the introduction of sound brought a virtual end to such circulation: Elizabeth C. Hamilton writes, \"Silent films offered people who were deaf a rare opportunity to participate in a public discourse, cinema, on equal terms with hearing people. The emergence of sound film effectively separated deaf from hearing audience members once again.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.152091979980469, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sound film" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Whiteman's success caused blacks to follow suit, including Earl Hines (who opened in The Grand Terrace Cafe in Chicago in 1928), Duke Ellington (who opened at the Cotton Club in Harlem in 1927), Lionel Hampton, Fletcher Henderson, Claude Hopkins, and Don Redman, with Henderson and Redman developing the \"talking to one another\" formula for \"hot\" Swing music. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.787773609161377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jazz" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "On April 25, 1917, Samson Raphaelson, a native of New York City's Lower East Side and a University of Illinois undergraduate, attended a performance of the musical Robinson Crusoe, Jr. in Champaign, Illinois. The star of the show was a thirty-year-old singer, Al Jolson, a Russian-born Jew who performed in blackface.Carringer (1979), p. 11; Eyman (1997), p. 129. In a 1927 interview, Raphaelson described the experience: \"I shall never forget the first five minutes of Jolson—his velocity, the amazing fluidity with which he shifted from a tremendous absorption in his audience to a tremendous absorption in his song.\" He explained that he had seen emotional intensity like Jolson's only among synagogue cantors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.565174102783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "A few years later, pursuing a professional literary career, Raphaelson wrote \"The Day of Atonement\", a short story about a young Jew named Jakie Rabinowitz, based on Jolson's real life. The story was published in January 1922 in Everybody's Magazine. Raphaelson later adapted the story into a stage play, The Jazz Singer. A straight drama, all the singing in Raphaelson's version takes place offstage. With George Jessel in the lead role, the show premiered at the Warner Theatre in Times Square on September 1925 and became a hit. Warner Bros. acquired the movie rights to the play on June 4, 1926, and signed Jessel to a contract.Bradley (2004), p. 6. Moving Picture World published a story in February 1927 announcing that production on the film would begin with Jessel on May 1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5074970722198486, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "But the plans to make the film with Jessel would fall through, for multiple reasons. Jessel's contract with Warner Bros. had not anticipated that the movie they had particularly signed him for would be made with sound (he'd made a modestly budgeted, silent comedy in the interim). When Warners had hits with two Vitaphone, though dialogue-less, features in late 1926, The Jazz Singer production had been reconceived. Jessel asked for a bonus or a new contract, but was rebuffed. According to Jessel's description in his autobiography, Harry Warner \"was having a tough time with the financing of the company.... He talked about taking care of me if the picture was a success. I did not feel that was enough.\" In fact, around the beginning of 1927, Harry Warner—the eldest of the brothers who ran the eponymous studio—had sold $4 million (US$ in dollars) of his personal stock to keep the studio solvent. Then came another major issue. According to Jessel, a first read of screenwriter Alfred A. Cohn's adaptation \"threw me into a fit. Instead of the boy's leaving the theatre and following the traditions of his father by singing in the synagogue, as in the play, the picture scenario had him return to the Winter Garden as a blackface comedian, with his mother wildly applauding in the box. I raised hell. Money or no money, I would not do this.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.375349044799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "According to performer Eddie Cantor, as negotiations between Warner Bros. and Jessel floundered, Jack L. Warner and the studio's production chief, Darryl Zanuck, called to see if he was interested in the part. Cantor, a friend of Jessel's, responded that he was sure any differences with the actor could be worked out and offered his assistance. Cantor was not invited to participate in the Jessel talks; instead, the role was then offered to Jolson, who had inspired it in the first place. Describing Jolson as the production's best choice for its star, film historian Donald Crafton wrote, \"The entertainer, who sang jazzed-up minstrel numbers in blackface, was at the height of his phenomenal popularity. Anticipating the later stardom of crooners and rock stars, Jolson electrified audiences with the vitality and sex appeal of his songs and gestures, which owed much to African-American sources.\" As described by historian Robert L. Carringer, \"Jessel was a vaudeville comedian and master of ceremonies with one successful play and one modestly successful film to his credit. Jolson was a superstar.\" Jolson took the part, signing a $75,000 (US$ in dollars) contract on May 26, 1927, for eight weeks of services beginning in July. There have been several claims but no proof that Jolson invested some of his own money in the film. Jessel and Jolson, also friends, did not speak for some time after—on the one hand, Jessel had been confiding his problems with the Warners to Jolson; on the other, Jolson had signed with them without telling Jessel of his plans. In his autobiography, Jessel wrote that, in the end, Jolson \"must not be blamed, as the Warners had definitely decided that I was out.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.541433811187744, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The first Warner Bros. Vitaphone features, Don Juan (premiered August 1926) and The Better 'Ole (premiered October 1926), like three more that followed in early 1927 (When a Man Loves, Old San Francisco and The First Auto), had only a synchronized instrumental score and sound effects. The Jazz Singer contains those, as well as numerous synchronized singing sequences and some synchronized speech: Two popular tunes are performed by the young Jakie Rabinowitz, the future Jazz Singer; his father, a cantor, performs the devotional Kol Nidre; the famous cantor Yossele Rosenblatt, appearing as himself, sings another religious melody, Kaddish. As the adult Jack Robin, Jolson performs six songs, five popular \"jazz\" tunes and the Kol Nidre. The sound for the film was recorded by British-born George Groves, who had also worked on Don Juan. To direct, the studio chose Alan Crosland, who already had two Vitaphone films to his credit: Don Juan and Old San Francisco, which opened while The Jazz Singer was in production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5066031813621521, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "While Jolson was touring with a stage show during June 1927, production on The Jazz Singer began with the shooting of exterior scenes by the second unit. In late June, Alan Crosland headed to New York City to shoot the Lower East Side and Winter Garden exteriors on location. Jolson joined the production in mid-July (his contract specified July 11). Filming with Jolson began with his silent scenes; the more complex Vitaphone sequences were primarily done in late August. Both Jolson and Zanuck would later take credit for thinking up the ad-libbed dialogue sequence between Jack and his mother; another story had it that Sam Warner was impressed by Jolson's brief ad-libbing in the cabaret scene and had Cohn come up with some lines on the spot.Crafton (1999), p. 110. On September 23, Motion Picture News reported that production on the film had been completed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.966494560241699, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The premiere was set for October 6, 1927, at Warner Bros.' flagship theater in New York City. The choice of date was pure show business—it was chosen to coincide with Yom Kippur, the Jewish holiday around which much of the movie's plot revolves. The buildup to the premiere was tense. Besides Warner Bros.' precarious financial position, the physical presentation of the film itself was remarkably complex: Each of Jolson's musical numbers was mounted on a separate reel with a separate accompanying sound disc. Even though the film was only eighty-nine minutes long...there were fifteen reels and fifteen discs to manage, and the projectionist had to be able to thread the film and cue up the Vitaphone records very quickly. The least stumble, hesitation, or human error would result in public and financial humiliation for the company.Eyman (1997), p. 140. None of the four Warner brothers were able to attend: Sam Warner—among them, the strongest advocate for Vitaphone—had died the previous day of pneumonia, and the surviving brothers had returned to California for his funeral.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.909605026245117, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The film developed into a major hit, demonstrating the profit potential of feature-length \"talkies\", but Donald Crafton has shown that the reputation the film later acquired for being one of Hollywood's most enormous successes to date was inflated. The movie did well, but not astonishingly so, in the major cities where it was first released, garnering much of its impressive profits with long, steady runs in population centers large and small all around the country. As conversion of movie theaters to sound was still in its early stages, the film actually arrived at many of those secondary venues in a silent version. On the other hand, Crafton's statement that The Jazz Singer \"was in a distinct second or third tier of attractions compared to the most popular films of the day and even other Vitaphone talkies\" is also incorrect. In fact, the film was easily the biggest earner in Warner Bros. history, and would remain so until it was surpassed a year later by The Singing Fool, another Jolson feature. In the larger scope of Hollywood, among films originally released in 1927, available evidence suggests that The Jazz Singer was among the three biggest box office hits, trailing only Wings and, perhaps, The King of Kings. Industry scholars Alex Ben Block and Lucy Autrey Wilson, for instance, estimate that The Jazz Singer grossed $3.9 million (US$126 million in 2005 dollars) at the domestic box office, while Wings, made for five times the cost, took in $4.3 million (US$138 million in 2005 dollars). The Jazz Singer ultimately returned a worldwide theatrical gross rental of approximately $2.6 million (the studio's share of the box office gross), making a profit of $1,196,750.Block and Wilson (2010), pp. 110–113.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4353451728820801, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Though in retrospect, the success of The Jazz Singer signaled the end of the silent motion picture era, this was not immediately apparent. Mordaunt Hall, for example, praised Warner Bros. for \"astutely realiz[ing] that a film conception of The Jazz Singer was one of the few subjects that would lend itself to the use of the Vitaphone.\" In historian Richard Koszarski's words, \"Silent films did not disappear overnight, nor did talking films immediately flood the theaters.... Nevertheless, 1927 remains the year that Warner Bros. moved to close the book on the history of silent pictures, even if their original goal had been somewhat more modest.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.32086026668548584, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In contrast to the racial jokes and innuendo brought out in its subsequent persistence in early sound film, blackface imagery in The Jazz Singer is at the core of the film's central theme, an expressive and artistic exploration of the notion of duplicity and ethnic hybridity within American identity. Of the more than seventy examples of blackface in early sound film 1927–53 that I have viewed (including the nine blackface appearances Jolson subsequently made), The Jazz Singer is unique in that it is the only film where blackface is central to the narrative development and thematic expression. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1744754314422607, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "According to film historian Krin Gabbard, The Jazz Singer \"provides the basic narrative for the lives of jazz and popular musicians in the movies. If this argument means that sometime after 1959 the narrative must belong to pop rockers, it only proves the power of the original 1927 film to determine how Hollywood tells the stories of popular musicians.\" More broadly, he also suggests that this \"seemingly unique film\" has \"become a paradigm for American success stories.\" More specifically, he examines a cycle of biopics of white jazz musicians stretching from The Birth of the Blues (1941) to The Five Pennies (1959) that trace their roots to The Jazz Singer. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8169257044792175, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Jazz Singer" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "    All of this changed in 1926 when Warner Brothers, in conjunction with Western Electric,  introduced a new sound-on-disc system.   In this system, sound effects and music were recorded on a wax record that would later be synchronized with the film projector.  In order to exhibit this new technology, Warner Brothers released \"Don Juan\", the first motion picture to have a pre-recorded score and synchronized sound effects.  Although \"Don Juan\" proved to be a box-office hit, many movie studios still refused to adapt to talking picture technology, believeing that \"talkies\" would never replace silent pictures.  However, the premiere of \"The Jazz Singer\" in October of 1927 changed these opinions, and in doing so, changed the history of motion pictures forever.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.193256139755249, "source": "search", "title": "Talking Motion Pictures - University of Virginia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "On April 15 , 1923 , at New York City's Rivoli Theater, came the first commercial screening of motion pictures with sound-on-film, the future standard: a set of shorts under the banner of De Forest Phonofilms , accompanying a silent feature. [12] That June, De Forest entered into an extended legal battle with an employee, Freeman Harrison Owens , for title to one of the crucial Phonofilm patents. Although De Forest ultimately won the case in the courts, Owens is today recognized as a central innovator in the field. The following year, De Forest's studio released the first commercial dramatic film shot as a talking picture—the two-reeler Love's Old Sweet Song, directed by J. Searle Dawley and featuring Una Merkel . [13] Phonofilms' stock in trade, however, was not original dramas but celebrity documentaries, popular music acts, and comedy performances. President Calvin Coolidge , opera singer Abbie Mitchell , and vaudeville stars such as Phil Baker , Ben Bernie , Eddie Cantor , and Oscar Levant appeared in the firm's pictures. Hollywood remained suspicious, even fearful, of the new technology. As Photoplay editor James Quirk put it in March 1924, \"Talking pictures are perfected, says Dr. Lee De Forest. So is castor oil.\" [14] De Forest's process continued to be used through 1927 in the United States for dozens of short Phonofilms; in the UK it was employed a few years longer for both shorts and features by British Sound Film Productions, a subsidiary of British Talking Pictures, which purchased the primary Phonofilm assets. By the end of 1930, the Phonofilm business would be liquidated. [15]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.347570896148682, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "It was domestic competition, however, that would lead to Phonofilms' eclipse. By September 1925, De Forest and Case's working arrangement had fallen through. The following July, Case joined with Fox Film , Hollywood's third largest studio , to found the Fox-Case Corporation. The system developed by Case and his assistant, Earl Sponable, given the name Movietone , thus became the first viable sound-on-film technology controlled by a Hollywood movie studio. The following year, Fox purchased the North American rights to the Tri-Ergon system, though the company found it inferior to Movietone and virtually impossible to integrate the two different systems to advantage. [17] In 1927, as well, Fox retained the services of Freeman Owens, who had particular expertise in constructing cameras for synch-sound film. [18]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.057133674621582, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In February 1927, an agreement was signed by five leading Hollywood movie companies: the so-called Big Two— Paramount and MGM —a pair of studios in the next rank— Universal and the fading First National —and Cecil B. DeMille 's small but prestigious Producers Distributing Corporation (PDC). The five studios agreed to collectively select just one provider for sound conversion. The alliance then sat back and waited to see what sort of results the forerunners came up with. In May, Warner Bros. sold back its exclusivity rights to ERPI (along with the Fox-Case sublicense) and signed a new royalty contract similar to Fox's for use of Western Electric technology. As Fox and Warners pressed forward with sound cinema in different directions, both technologically and commercially—Fox with newsreels and then scored dramas, Warners with talking features—so did ERPI, which sought to corner the market by signing up the five allied studios.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.937250137329102, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The big sound film sensations of the year all took advantage of pre-existing celebrity. On May 20 , 1927 , at New York's Roxy Theater , Fox Movietone presented a sound film of the takeoff of Charles Lindbergh 's celebrated flight to Paris, recorded earlier that day. In June, a Fox sound newsreel depicting his return welcomes in New York and Washington, D.C., was shown. These were the two most acclaimed sound motion pictures to date. [23] In May, as well, Fox had released the first Hollywood fiction film with synchronized dialogue: the short They're Coming to Get Me, starring comedian Chic Sale . [24] After rereleasing a few silent feature hits, such as Seventh Heaven , with recorded music, Fox came out with its first original Movietone feature on September 23 : Sunrise , by acclaimed German director F. W. Murnau . As with Don Juan, the film's soundtrack was comprised of a musical score and sound effects (including, in a couple of crowd scenes, \"wild\", nonspecific vocals). Then, on October 6 , 1927 , Warner Bros.' The Jazz Singer premiered. It was a smash box office success for the mid-level studio, earning a total of $2.625 million in the U.S. and abroad, almost a million dollars more than the previous record for a Warners film. [25] Produced with the Vitaphone system, most of the film does not contain live-recorded audio, relying, like Sunrise and Don Juan, on a score and effects. When the movie's star, Al Jolson , sings, however, the film shifts to sound recorded on the set, including both his musical performances and two scenes with ad-libbed speech—one of Jolson's character, Jakie Rabinowitz (Jack Robin), addressing a cabaret audience; the other an exchange between him and his mother. Though the success of The Jazz Singer was due largely to Jolson, already established as one of America's biggest music stars, and its limited use of synchronized sound hardly qualified it as an innovative sound film (let alone the \"first\"), the movie's handsome profits were proof enough to the industry that the technology was worth investing in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.214885711669922, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "In September 1926, Jack Warner , head of Warner Bros., was quoted to the effect that talking pictures would never be viable: \"They fail to take into account the international language of the silent pictures, and the unconscious share of each onlooker in creating the play, the action, the plot, and the imagined dialogue for himself.\" [84] Much to his company's benefit, he would be proven very wrong—between the 1927–28 and 1928–29 fiscal years, Warners' profits surged from $2 million to $14 million. Sound film, in fact, was a clear boon to all the major players in the industry. During that same twelve-month span, Paramount's profits rose by $7 million, Fox's by $3.5 million, and Loew's/MGM's by $3 million. [85] RKO, which hadn't even existed in September 1928 and whose parent production company, FBO, was in the Hollywood minor leagues, by the end of 1929 was established as one of America's leading entertainment businesses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.616850852966309, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Sound's short-term effect on cinematic art may be gauged in more detail by considering those movies from the transition period—the last years of commercial silent film production and the first years of talking pictures—in the West that are widely cited as masterpieces, as recorded in recent major media polls of all-time best international movies (though some listed as silent films, like Sunrise and City Lights, premiered with recorded scores and sound effects, they are now customarily referred to by historians and industry professionals as \"silents\"—spoken dialogue regarded as the crucial distinguishing factor between silent and sound dramatic cinema). From the six-year period 1927–32, eleven silent films are broadly recognized as masterpieces and only one talkie (TO= Time Out; VV= Village Voice ; S&S= Sight & Sound ): [98]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.637105941772461, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "1927: The General (U.S.; VV 01, S&S 02), Metropolis (Germany; VV 01, S&S 02), Napoléon (France; TO 95), October (USSR; VV 01); Sunrise (U.S.; TO 95, VV 01, S&S 02)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411898612976074, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Silent Films Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6632413268089294, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Title: The Jazz Singer (1927)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.02995743229985237, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "6 October 1927 (USA) See more  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99101734161377, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Mary recieves a telegram dated August 8, 1927. Later in the film, Jack is seen writing a letter to Mary, dating it August 7, 1927. See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.49130630493164, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The Jazz Singer (1927)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.09789568930864334, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "Sam Warner, co-founder of the studio, died at the premature age of 40 - one day before the film's New York City world premiere on October 6, 1927. Jolson was given the lead after Eddie Cantor and George Jessel denied Warners' offer to play the title role. Audiences were wildly enthusiastic when America's favorite jazz singer and superstar Al Jolson (born Asa Yoelson in 1886, not the first choice for the role, and played onstage by George Jessel) broke into song, ad-libbed extemporaneously with his mother at the piano, and proclaimed the famous line to introduce a musical number:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.2566046714782715, "source": "search", "title": "The Jazz Singer (1927) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "During the 88-minute film, which debuted Oct. 6, 1927, at the Warner Brothers New York Theater, Jolson captivated the audience in his role as Jakie Rabinowitz , singing six tunes and speaking for several minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.70563268661499, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: “The Jazz Singer” Released - findingDulcinea" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "1927- The Jazz Singer - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.10632982105016708, "source": "search", "title": "1927- The Jazz Singer - YouTube" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "1927- The Jazz Singer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3792687952518463, "source": "search", "title": "1927- The Jazz Singer - YouTube" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "master showman Cecil B. DeMille's Joan the Woman (1916), The Ten Commandments (1923) and The King of Kings (1927)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.362886428833008, "source": "search", "title": "Film History of the 1920s - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The prototype standard for later spooky, haunted \"old dark house\" mysteries was The Cat and the Canary (1927), a film re-made numerous times in future years. And one of the first in the gangster film genre was Josef von Sternberg's Prohibition-era Underworld (1927). Famous American movie dog, German shepherd Rin Tin Tin starred in over 20 films during the 20s silent era, including Warners' Rinty of the Desert (1928) and the transitional talkie-film Frozen River (1929). Detective Charlie Chan's introduction (as portrayed by Japanese actor George Kuwa) was in the 10-part serial House Without a Key (1926).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.636180400848389, "source": "search", "title": "Film History of the 1920s - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "The first feature film released using the new Fox Movietone system was Sunrise (1927) , directed by F. W. Murnau -- the first professionally-produced feature film with an actual soundtrack. Fox's Movietone system was also premiered in early 1927 with the showing of director Raoul Walsh's 12-reel comedy-drama war film What Price Glory? (1926) (originally released in November, 1926, and then re-released in January, 1927 with synchronized music and sound effects). They also released a Fox-Movietone News newsreel of the Lindbergh takeoff on May 20, 1927 from New York for his flight across the Atlantic toward Paris - the first sound news film. The first talking picture made in Hollywood was a Fox-Movietone 5-minute short titled They're Coming to Get Me (1927).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2514448165893555, "source": "search", "title": "Film History of the 1920s - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "1927", "passage": "When studios stopped making dual versions of films, writers of title cards, the method used for years to tell the story and deliver dialogue, found their art to be obsolete. Featherweight Bell & Howell cameras used in silent dramas were replaced by bulky Mitchell sound cameras.  Arc lights became obsolete because of their faint hiss and were replaced by silent tungsten lighting. Even the make-up used in film changed. After 1927, panchromatic film became the standard and Max Factor had to devise a different type of make-up that worked with sound lighting. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.814878463745117, "source": "search", "title": "Talkies - Francesca Elizabeth Miller" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Eastern Denmark", "Kingdom of denmark", "Denmarke", "Subdivisions of Denmark", "Kongeriget Danmark", "Mainland Denmark", "Danmoerk", "Denmark proper", "Danimarca", "ISO 3166-1:DK", "Denmark", "Dänemark", "Danska", "Denmarc", "KingdomOfDenmark", "DENMARK", "Kingdom of Denmark", "Denemarke", "Administrative divisions of denmark", "Danish kingdom", "Danemark", "Daenemark", "Media in Denmark", "Danmörk", "DenmarK", "Danmork", "Administrative divisions of Denmark", "Media of Denmark", "Danish Kingdom", "Dinamarca" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "dinamarca", "denmarc", "danimarca", "mainland denmark", "denmarke", "kingdom of denmark", "danemark", "danmoerk", "denmark", "danska", "danmork", "denemarke", "media of denmark", "iso 3166 1 dk", "danish kingdom", "daenemark", "kingdomofdenmark", "administrative divisions of denmark", "dänemark", "subdivisions of denmark", "kongeriget danmark", "danmörk", "eastern denmark", "denmark proper", "media in denmark" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "denmark", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Denmark" }

[ { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg, also spelled Ålborg, is an industrial and university city in the North of Jutland, Denmark. It has an urban population of 112,194, making it the fourth most populous city in Denmark. With a population of 210,316 (), the Municipality of Aalborg is the third most populous in the country after Copenhagen and Aarhus. By road Aalborg is 64 km southwest of Frederikshavn, and 118 km north of Aarhus.", "precise_score": 1.6778823137283325, "rough_score": -3.933762550354004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg Airport, officially opened in 1938 because of the success of the cement industry, had in fact operated flights to Copenhagen since 1936. During the German invasion of Denmark in 1940, the airport was captured by German paratroopers on the night of the 21 April as a base for German aircraft flying to Norway. On 13 August 1940, a dozen Bristol Blenheim bombers of No. 82 Squadron RAF were launched against the Luftwaffe airfield during one of the most disastrous Royal Air Force raids of the war. One turned back because of fuel problems, but all of the remaining 11 were shot down by enemy fighters and/or flak batteries within 20 minutes. After the war, the Royal Air Force destroyed all the German facilities including planes, hangars and equipment but left the passenger facilities intact.", "precise_score": -4.963098049163818, "rough_score": -7.957874298095703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg is in North Jutland (northwestern Denmark), at the narrowest point of the Limfjord, a shallow sound that separates North Jutlandic Island (Vendsyssel-Thy) from the rest of the Jutland Peninsula and connects Aalborg to the Kattegat about 35 km to the east. Aalborg is 118 km north of Aarhus, 82 km north of Randers, and 64 km southwest of Frederikshavn. It is 414 km by Great Belt Fixed Link to Copenhagen, 150 km by the Frederikshavn-Göteborg ferry to Gothenburg in Sweden, and 363 km by the Frederikshavn-Oslo ferry to Oslo in Norway.", "precise_score": -8.264044761657715, "rough_score": -8.731165885925293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg Airport is 6 km northwest of the city centre. With its two runways, it has 20 direct routes to destinations in Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, the UK, Spain, and Turkey, along with seasonal flights to additional Spanish destinations and the Faroe Islands. Processing 1.4 million passengers a year, the airport is the third largest in Denmark. The Aalborg Air Base, an important Danish Air Force facility, occupies part of the extensive airport area. The Port of Aalborg is northern Denmark’s main import/export hub, operated by Aalborg Havn A/S on the Limfjord. Two additional private harbours serve the cement factory, Aalborg Portland A/S, and the power station, Vattenfall A/S.", "precise_score": -2.402848958969116, "rough_score": -4.4397292137146, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg International Airport information. Flights and air companies flying to Aalborg International Airport in Aalborg, Denmark - Flight tickets, charter and private flights. - Flight tickets, charter and private flights - BulgariaFlights.com", "precise_score": -3.5006868839263916, "rough_score": -7.684573650360107, "source": "search", "title": "Aalborg International Airport information. Flights and air ..." }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Alborg Airport (IATA code AAL) is a civilian and military airport situated in Denmark. It is the third largest airport in the country and serves at about 1.4 million passengers each year. The airport works from 5 a.m. to 12 p.m. and has a duty free shop open to all passengers that depart from here. The Alborg Airport could be reached by bus, car and taxi. There are eight airlines that operate here, offering flights to total of seventeen airports Including domestic flights and international long-distance flights. The airport serves many charter airlines as well.", "precise_score": 5.993457794189453, "rough_score": 5.6479997634887695, "source": "search", "title": "Aalborg International Airport information. Flights and air ..." }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The main ‘peninsula’ connecting Denmark to Germany offers a wide variety of sights and styles. The northernmost tip (Grenen) allows you to – literally – put one foot in the North Sea, and the other foot in the Kattegat. Don’t miss Lønstrup Cliffs (Lønstrup Klint), and the fabulous shifting sand dunes of Råbjerg Mile. The capital of Jutland, Aarhus (Arhus) and the lively city of Alborg provides a taste of the modern life, while fabulous white sand beaches dot the western coast.", "precise_score": -6.4940409660339355, "rough_score": -7.104269504547119, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Denmark Airport Code, Denmark Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup", "precise_score": -7.544321537017822, "rough_score": -9.126060485839844, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Airport Code, Denmark Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Denmark Airport Codes (Airport Code Lookup)", "precise_score": -7.562656402587891, "rough_score": -8.674032211303711, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Airport Code, Denmark Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Following are the Airport Codes of the major Cities in Denmark.", "precise_score": -7.9003095626831055, "rough_score": -8.387269973754883, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Airport Code, Denmark Codes | IATA 3 letter Lookup" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The Danish State Railways (DSB) has a dense network of train services connecting Copenhagen, Arhus, Alborg and much more of Denmark. Trains are the fabulous way of exploring this fascinating country and its islands!", "precise_score": -3.025988817214966, "rough_score": -6.258530139923096, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The railway network in Denmark is run by DSB . You can access a great deal of the country using Denmark's trains. Meanwhile, comfortable international trains connect you to cities in Sweden and Germany.", "precise_score": -9.842885971069336, "rough_score": -8.313103675842285, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "With its theatres, symphony orchestra, opera company, performance venues, and museums such as Aalborg Historical Museum and the Aalborg Museum of Modern Art, Aalborg is an important cultural hub. The Aalborg Carnival, held at the end of May, is one of the largest festivals in Scandinavia, attracting some 100,000 people annually. The major university is the University of Aalborg, founded in 1974, which has more than 17,000 students. The University College of Northern Denmark is one of seven new regional organisations while the Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS) provides higher education in library and information science. Trænregimentet, the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency medical personnel, is also in Aalborg. Aalborg University Hospital, the largest in the north of Jutland, was founded in 1881.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535957336425781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg's earliest trading privileges date from 1342, when King Valdemar IV received the town as part of his huge dowry on marrying Helvig of Schleswig. The privileges were extended by Eric of Pomerania in 1430 and by Christopher of Bavaria in 1441. The town prospered, becoming one of the largest communities in Denmark. Its prosperity increased when the merchant- and trade association Guds Legems Laug was established in 1481, facilitating trade with the Hanseatic League, ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.850739479064941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "During the second half of the 18th century, Aalborg entered a further period of prosperity. In Erik Pontoppidan's Danske Atlas (Danish Atlas) it was described as \"after Copenhagen, the best and most prosperous market town in Denmark\". The population grew from 4,160 in 1769 to 5,579 in 1801. In 1767, the second newspaper ever published in Denmark appeared in the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.890170097351074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "After Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in 1814, Aalborg lost its important role as the country's centre for Norwegian trade. Its former prosperity also suffered as a result of difficulties with the herring industry as the fish disappeared after the sea breached the Agger Tange (which had linked Thy with the rest of Jutland at the western end of Limfjord) in the 1825 North Sea storm. The after effects of the state bankruptcy in 1813 also contributed to widespread poverty in the city. In the mid-19th-century, Aalborg was overtaken by Aarhus as the largest city in Jutland. Towards the end of the 19th century there was however an upturn. In 1865, the pontoon bridge over Limfjord was completed, and in 1869, the railway reached the city with a railway bridge over the sound to Vendsyssel three years later. The harbour facilities were also improved, making Aalborg Denmark's second port. Aalborg became the country's main producer of tobacco products and spirits, followed in the 1890s by fertilisers and cement. By 1901, the population had increased to almost 31,500.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.335201263427734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Around the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of decisions taken by the municipality, many of the city's half-timbered houses were torn down. They were replaced by hundreds of modern buildings, completely changing the look of the city. Factories with smoking chimneys became ever more prevalent in the outskirts. Among the most important were De Danske Spritfabrikker (spirits and liquors), De forenede Textilfabrikker (textiles), the East Asiatic Company (trading), Dansk Eternit (building materials) and C.W. Obel's tobacco factory (established in 1787). Aalborg Portland run by F.L. Smidth was one of several cement factories operating in 1913, together employing some 800 workers. By the 1930s, Aalborg was being promoted as \"Denmark's new centre for industry and workers\". Replanning continued with additional thoroughfares cutting through the city. The port facilities were also improved with the help of a dredger and the opening of new docks. In 1933, Christian X inaugurated a new bridge over Limfjord to replace the fragile pontoon crossing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190522193908691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "There are several man-made lakes nearby: Lindholm Kridtgrav lies to the northwest of Skanse Park on the northern side of Limfjord, while Nordens Kridtgrav to the northwest of Mølleparken is on the southern side. The Aalborg area is one of three in Denmark where chalk deposits are found (the others being Møns Klint and Stevns). The largest quarry is at Rørdal in Øster Sundby (6 km to the east of the city centre), while Vokslev (20 km to the west) has also provided chalk. Clay is also quarried in Østerådalen in the southern outskirts, making the area ideal for cement production. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.24720287322998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "There was a temporary decline in population to 94,994 in 1976 but in 1981, following the incorporation of Nørresundby, it grew to 114,302. The population has increased steadily since then; according to the census of 1 January 2009, Aalborg had a total of 122,461 inhabitants, 101,497 of them living in the city and 20,964 in the independent suburb of Nørresundby. , the city has a total of 132,578 inhabitants (110,495 in the city proper and 22,083 in Nørresundby) making it the fourth most populous in Denmark after Copenhagen, Aarhus and Odense. Statistics for 2016 showed there were 210,316 people living in the Municipality of Aalborg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01956844329834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "In January 2011, there were some 9,200 enterprises in Aalborg, employing around 109,000 people or approximately 35% of the workforce of the Northern Region. In the 2010s, the city is set on increasing its participation in the global economy through both existing companies and new entrants. Its efforts are focused on four areas: energy and environment, information technology, health support systems and \"Arctic business\". The latter covers trade with Greenland as Aalborg handles over 60% of all goods shipped to Greenland. Four harbours dot the waterfront, Marina Fjordparken, Skudehavnen, Vestre Badehavn, and Østre Havn. Tourism is also growing, with a considerable rise in the number of passengers at Aalborg Airport. Aalborg Municipality has Denmark's second highest revenue from tourism and is the only municipality in the north of Denmark where overnight stays are increasing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817977905273438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Telenor Denmark, part of the Norwegian Telenor telecommunications and mobile phone company, has a workforce of about 1,100 in Aalborg, making it one of the city's largest new employers. Siemens Wind Power has rotor-blade production and testing facilities in Aaborg. In 2012 and 2013, there were additions in both areas. The new testing plant is the world's largest research test centre for wind turbine technology. In 2012, the company shipped a record 570 wind turbine blades from the Port of Aalborg, mainly to England and Ireland, up 45% on the previous year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.673346519470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg has a wide selection of shops and restaurants. In the city centre, there are both large department stores and smaller speciality shops. One of the largest shopping malls in Denmark, the Aalborg Storcenter, is to the south of the city in Skalborg. It has about 75 stores, including a large Bilka supermarket. The city has over 300 restaurants, catering in Danish, European and Asian dishes. Notable establishments include Fusion on the waterfront, Mortens Kro, run by celebrity chef Morten Nielsen, and Irish House, a pub in the 17th-century Jens Olufsen's House. While Aalborg is renowned for its alcohol and nightlife, there are also a number of coffee shops. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.711394309997559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Jens Bang's House (), on Østerågade near the old town hall, is one of Denmark's best examples of 17th-century domestic architecture. Built in 1624 by the Aalborg merchant Jens Bang in the Dutch Renaissance style, the four-story sandstone building is noted for its rising gables and sculpted auricular window decorations. For over 300 years, it has housed the city's oldest pharmacy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.778205871582031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Jørgen Olufsen's House (Jørgen Olufsens Gård) on Østerågade is Denmark's best preserved merchant's mansion in the Renaissance style. Built mainly of sandstone in 1616, it also has a half-timbered section. The style is reminiscent of similar buildings in the north of Germany and in the Netherlands. Olufsen, Jens Bang's half brother, was not only a successful merchant but also mayor of Aalborg. When it was built, the residence with its integrated warehouse was on the Østerå, an inlet from the sound with access for barges. The old iron bar with a hook for scales can be seen in the portico. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.347177505493164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Jomfru Ane Gade (literally Virgin Anne's Street) is one of the most famous streets in Aalborg if not in Denmark. Popular for its cafés and restaurants during the day, it is even busier at night with its clubs, discos and bars. During the 1990s, the street was infamously a 'hang out' of two biker gangs who were at war for some years all over Scandinavia. As the bikers disappeared it became increasingly popular for people of all ages.[http://www.visitaalborg.dk/denmark/jomfru-ane-gade-gdk596155 \"Jomfru Ane Gade\"], VisitAalborg. Retrieved 21 August 2013. The pedestrian hubs of Nytorv Square and John F. Kennedy Square in the central city area are also part of the cityscape.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.72653579711914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The annual Aalborg Carnival usually takes place in the last weekend of May. It consists of three events: the children's carnival (Børnekarneval), the battle of carnival bands, and the carnival proper. Attracting about 100,000 visitors, it is the biggest carnival in Scandinavia and one of the largest in northern Europe. Hjallerup Market in Hjallerup, about 20 km northeast of Aalborg is one of the oldest and largest markets in Denmark and is the largest horse market in Europe. Held for three days in the beginning of June, it annually attracts more than 200,000 people and 1200 horses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99898624420166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Nordkraft is a cultural centre in a former power plant near the harbour. It has theatres, a cinema, and concert facilities. Kunsthal Nord, established in the centre in 2009, arranges up to five exhibitions a year of all forms of contemporary art, especially of local origin but also from other parts of Denmark and beyond. It serves as the exhibition centre for KunstVærket, the North Jutland centre for the arts, and also works in collaboration with the modern art museum Kunsten designed by the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.20791244506836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The principal religion in Aalborg as in the rest of Denmark is Christianity. Aalborg is the seat of a bishop within the Lutheran State Church of Denmark. The cathedral of this bishopric is the Budolfi Church, originally built no later than 1132 by Viborg's Bishop Eskil. This church was considerably smaller than the current one, as it was merely a parish church. The existing structure was completed in the late 14th century, on the grounds of the former church, and was listed for the first time in the Atlas of Denmark in 1399. The church was named after St Botolph, an English abbot and saint. The church is constructed in the Gothic style. In 1554 Aalborg was made a diocese and, after consideration, St Budolfi Church was made the seat of the Bishop of Aalborg. Aalborg is also home to the former Catholic church, the Abbey of Our Lady, converted from a Benedictine nunnery. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.410524368286133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg had a synagogue, built in 1854; and the Jewish rabbi Salomon Mielziner served it for 35 years. Services were no longer offered after Mielziner died, and in 1924 the synagogue was donated to the city government, which began using it to store the city archives (Stadsarkivet). It was burned down by the Schalburg Corps in April 1945 towards the end of World War II, destroying its centuries-old Torahs. Anti-semitism continues to exist in Denmark, and in 1999, an unlicensed Nazi radio station began operating from a neo-Nazi stronghold in Fynen, Nørresundby, within Aalborg municipality. The activity has been widely denounced with organized opposition in Aalborg and the rest of Denmark, and in February 1999, 12 anti-fascists were arrested for possession of explosives at their base in Fynen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937579154968262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The University College of Northern Denmark is one of seven new regional organisations (professionshøjskoler) of different study sites in Denmark offering courses normally at the bachelor level. The Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS) provides higher education in library and information science; one of its two departments is in Aalborg. With about 4,500 students a year and 700 employees, Tech College Aalborg offers a wide spectrum of vocational training and runs Aalborg Tekniske Gymnasium. Aalborg Business College provides basic training in retail and trading for private enterprises and the public sector, with courses which cover information technology, economics, sales and communication, and languages. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.685786247253418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The island of Egholm contains the former Egholm Skole, which was closed in 1972 when a ferry service to Aalborg was established and children on the island began attending the Vesterkæret Skole in Aalborg. Today the old school on Egholm is run as a school camp by the City of Aalborg, with 18 beds and facilities for 60 people. Skipper Clement International School is a private school for children between 6 and 16. The international department conducts its classes in English, the first to be established in the Jutland peninsula, but it does have department which educates in Danish, like the public schools in Denmark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.01700210571289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg Tennisklub is located along the Kastetvej road in the centre of Aalborg. About 10 km to the southwest of the city, near the hamlet of Restrup Enge, is Aalborg Golf Klub. Aalborg Golf Klub is the second oldest golf club in Denmark, and was originally established in 1908 in the eastern part of Aalborg. In 1929 it moved to Sohngaardsholm, but 30 years later the course had to again move because of developments with the university. The present course to the southwest of Aalborg was designed in 1968 by Graham Lockey and Commander John Harris as a 9-hole course, later expanded to 18 holes in 1976 and 27 in 2006. In 2010 the club hosted the European Girls Team Golf Championships. Another course, Ørnehoj Golfklub, is at the southeastern limits of the city, in the village of Gistrup. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.455605506896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "On 11 September 1977, Aalbord hosted the Final of the Long Track World Championship for Motorcycle speedway. The Final was won by Swedish rider Anders Michanek. He defeated West Germany's Hans Seigl and Denmark's own speedway hero Ole Olsen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.899476051330566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "On the north side of the Limfjord is Nørresundby, connected to Aalborg by the Limfjordsbroen road bridge, which was inaugurated in 1933, replacing a pontoon bridge which dated to 1865. The iron Limfjord Railway Bridge, inaugurated in 1938, is a nine-span bascule bridge. It opens 4,000 times a year, allowing around 10,000 vessels to sail under it. Opening in 1969 as the first motorway tunnel to be built in Denmark, the Limfjord Tunnel is 582 m long and has three lanes in each direction. It forms part of the E45, stretching from Karesuando, Sweden, to Gela, Italy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.409608840942383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Nordjyske Stiftstidende, published in Aalborg, is Denmark's second oldest newspaper founded in 1767 as Nyttige og fornøyelige Jydske Efterretninger. It was later known as Aalborg Stiftstidende (until 1999). In 1827, it merged with Aalborg's second newspaper Aalborgs Stifts Adresse-Avis. The paper now serves the whole of Vendsyssel and most of Himmerland and has local editions in Aalborg, Hjørring, Hobro, Frederikshavn, Fjerritslev, and Skagen and Brønderslev. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.721582412719727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with 33 cities around the globe, more than any other city in Denmark. Every four years Aalborg gathers young people from most of its twin cities for a week of sports, known as Ungdomslegene (Youth Games).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8917818069458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aalborg" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929661750793457, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The national railway company of Denmark is called DSB (Danish State Railways - Danske Statsbaner)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.030982971191406, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Eurail Passes valid in Denmark are also valid on trains operated by the following railway companies: Arriva, DSB S-Tog and DSBFirst.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.880687713623047, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "The Denmark InterCity trains (day train) have 2 categories:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.149211883544922, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Traveling by night train one can use the return service from Denmark to Germany to the following stations:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3129243850708, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "A Eurail pass is valid on all domestic trains within Denmark. Seat reservation is not necessary, though advance reservation is recommended on the InterCity / InterCity Lyn trains if you want to be sure of a seat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.090460777282715, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Eurail aid office in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.761627197265625, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "For general information about train travel in Denmark, you can contact the DSB Customer Centre: by phone +45 70 13 14 15 (daily 08:00 - 20:00, English speaking staff) or by mail: salginfo@dsb.dk .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099273681640625, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Spelling of cities in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876792907714844, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "On Danish train timetables and at train stations in Denmark, you'll usually find the local spelling of Danish cities and stations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.128472328186035, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Use your Eurail Denmark Pass to make your way to Billund, and discover Legoland: a theme park built with the famous, colorful interlocking plastic toy bricks. The adventure begins in Miniland, in the heart of the park, where you can see a mini Lego version of the world, including many famous landmarks, built from 20 million of the little bricks. There’s also a 4D Cinema, rides and games, and more.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.131925582885742, "source": "search", "title": "Denmark Train Travel & Things to Do in Denmark | Eurail.com" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Aalborg or �lborg is a city with 105,000 residents, making it the fourth largest city in Denmark. The city is believed to have been founded in the Viking era, but the area has been inhabited for far longer than that. Aalborg is located in the northern part of Himmerland, south of the Limfjord sound. The suburb of N�rresundby is located on the northern side of the sound. Aalborg has a rich and vibrant cultural scene.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.272104263305664, "source": "search", "title": "Car Rental in Aalborg Airport - Sixt rent a car" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.514978408813477, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Trains in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.856575012207031, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Trains in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.856575012207031, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Spelling of cities in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876792907714844, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Train types in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.134114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Regional trains throughout Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17425537109375, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Various routes within Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85349178314209, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Private railway companies in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.692143440246582, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Reservations for trains in Denmark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99990177154541, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" }, { "answer": "Denmark", "passage": "Which trains in Denmark require reservations?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.287757873535156, "source": "search", "title": "Trains in Denmark | Denmark by Rail | Interrail.eu" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "With only ten tracks total, the compilers left off several other hit singles from the time period. \"Tiny Dancer\" and \"Levon\" from the Madman Across the Water album made it to No. 41 and No. 24 respectively as singles in the US, and \"The Bitch Is Back,\" his most recent single, was a No. 4 in the US and topped the chart in Canada. Although all of these charted higher than \"Border Song,\" it may have been included because it was the first Elton John single to chart in any market. Of the ten selections for the North American album, two (\"Crocodile Rock\" and \"Bennie and the Jets\") had been US No. 1 hits; in Canada, five (these two plus \"Daniel\", \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\" and \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\") had been chart-toppers. ", "precise_score": 5.9069294929504395, "rough_score": 6.419244289398193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album)" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "Elton John’s first best-of set covers all his early ’70s smashes, including thrilling yet heartstring-tugging pop ballads like “Rocket Man,” “Daniel,” and “Don’t Let the Sun Go Down Me,” as well as the gospel-shaded “Border Song” and his first hit single, the lovely piano-driven “Your Song.” “Bennie and the Jets” and “Saturday Night’s Alright for Fighting” are slinky, glitter-tinged rockers, and “Crocodile Rock” is pure ’50s-styled pop perfection. Each seamless hit is a mini epic highlighting Elton’s inexplicable ability to connect with everyone.", "precise_score": 5.06188440322876, "rough_score": 5.745798110961914, "source": "search", "title": "Greatest Hits by Elton John on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "The pop album Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player came out at the start of 1973, and reached number one in the UK, the US, Australia among others. The album produced the hits \"Crocodile Rock\", his first US Billboard Hot 100 number one, and \"Daniel\"; number two US, number four UK. Both the album and \"Crocodile Rock\" were the first album and single, respectively on the consolidated MCA Records label in the US, replacing MCA's other labels including Uni. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.444680213928223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "On 4 June 2012, he performed at the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Concert at Buckingham Palace, performing a repertoire including \"Your Song\", \"Crocodile Rock\" and \"I'm Still Standing\". On 30 June, John performed in Kiev, Ukraine at a joint concert with Queen + Adam Lambert for the Elena Pinchuk ANTIAIDS Foundation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.74575138092041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Elton John" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "\"Border Song,\" an album track on Elton John outside of the US and Canada, went to No. 92 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and to No. 34 on the Canadian RPM national singles chart as a single in 1970. All other songs made the Top 40 in the UK and the US, most also making the top ten, with \"Bennie and the Jets\" and \"Crocodile Rock\" topping the chart in the States. John would wait until 1976 to top the singles chart in the UK, via his duet with Kiki Dee, \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4038212299346924, "source": "wiki", "title": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album)" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "John’s 11th single, taken from the album Honky Château, is arguably his best-loved. The 1972 track didn’t quite make it to No 1 in the US – he’d have to wait until Crocodile Rock later that year for that – but it has endured as one of the key songs of the early 70s, thanks in part to its wonderful production. With Gus Dudgeon on board, it’s not hard to see where inspiration for the space epic might have come from. Dudgeon had produced Space Oddity by David Bowie in 1969. (Bowie’s regular producer Tony Visconti had refused to work on the track, calling it a “cheap shot”.) Dudgeon repeated the trick with John, imbuing a song about space travel with an otherworldly ambience. (There’s also a druggy subtext: lines include “And I’m gonna be high as a kite by then.”) Bowie and John might have seemed destined to become kindred spirits, but the former said they had little in common. In a Playboy interview, Bowie made some catty comments, referring to John as “the Liberace … the token queen of rock”, adding: “I’m responsible for a whole new school of pretension. They know who they are, don’t you, Elton?” John would bide his time before hitting back.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.027270793914795, "source": "search", "title": "Elton John: 10 of the best | Music | The Guardian" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "Many — though certainly not all — of Elton’s greatest hit singles were released during the 1970s: Rocket Man, Honky Cat, Crocodile Rock, Daniel, Saturday Night’s Alright For Fighting, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, Step Into Christmas, Bennie And The Jets, Don’t Let The Sun Go Down On Me, The Bitch Is Back, Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds, Philadelphia Freedom, Someone Saved My Life Tonight, Island Girl, Don’t Go Breaking My Heart (the duet with Kiki Dee) and Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word. In 1973, Elton founded The Rocket Record Company, and later left DJM to record on his own label.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.101945400238037, "source": "search", "title": "Biography - Elton John" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "Sir Elton John is definitely one of the best artists in the history of man kind, it seems as if he invented his own type of music to the way he likes it, and i do to. this album definitely has his greatest songs on it, but i think one more should be included (Levon). Rocket Man, Bennie and the Jets, Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting and Crocodile Rock have been favorites since i can remember. Sir Elton John is part of the best of the best and always will be.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.1115522384643555, "source": "search", "title": "Greatest Hits by Elton John on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Crocodile Rock", "passage": "Quite simply, this album changed my life. These days, I never listen to it because I own all the albums that these songs come from. If you're just starting to get into Elton John, though, this album covers his great years from 1970-76. These days, I don't really love \"Daniel\" or \"Crocodile Rock,\" but this album is just fantastic. EJ is a true original. He rocks well, but there's something beyond simple rock or simple ballads in his music. Tupac and Mary J Blige have had hits sampling him. He's played with every great rock artist. His music has the best of pop, rock, soul, and classical touches. And that voice. He taught me how to sing. The person that wrote that Elton John didn't write his own songs is misinformed. He co-writes with lyricists, but he writes the music and melodies for all of his songs. All of these songs are co-written (lyrically) by Bernie Taupin. So what? Brian Wilson (of the Beach Boys) had a lyric co-writer. Paul McCartney and John Lennon wrote songs together. What's the guy's point? Oh, and the person that said that Elton John doesn't stand the test of time??? Name an artist who had had as many hits over such a long period of time and is still recognized today? Sure, EJ isn't churning out hits like he used to, but he's still relevant enough to have collaborated with boy bands and Eminem. I'd love to hear someone name an artist with as much staying power as Elton John. Even more \"important\" bands folded DECADES before Elton hit harder times. EJ is about 60. He's entitled to slow down, and that doesn't invalidate any of his earlier work. Anyone who thinks that you should forget ALL music that's more than a few years old needs to get a bit older...we'll see if he holds on to that opinion when he's 30 or so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8869781494140625, "source": "search", "title": "Greatest Hits by Elton John on Apple Music" } ]