questionid
stringlengths 2
10
⌀ | subject
stringlengths 2
86
⌀ | message
stringlengths 7
1.2k
⌀ | focus
stringlengths 2
55
| type
stringlengths 4
20
| answerid
stringlengths 8
11
⌀ | pairid
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ | answer
stringlengths 6
21.3k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q152 | inguinal hernia | I am a 75 year old man. I have 2 inguinal hernia. Do you offer any written pamplets on these. | inguinal hernia | information | Q152-S1-A1 | 394 | An inguinal hernia happens when contents of the abdomen—usually fat or part of the small intestine—bulge through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall. The abdomen is the area between the chest and the hips. The area of the lower abdominal wall is also called the inguinal or groin region. Two types of inguinal hernias are - indirect inguinal hernias, which are caused by a defect in the abdominal wall that is congenital, or present at birth - direct inguinal hernias, which usually occur only in male adults and are caused by a weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall that develops over time Inguinal hernias occur at the inguinal canal in the groin region. |
Q153 | obesity | I need to lose fat | obesity | treatment | Q153-S1-A1 | 396 | CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends. Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine. Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle. Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about: - Healthy food choices - Healthy snacks - Reading nutrition labels - New ways to prepare food - Portion sizes - Sweetened drinks Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again. Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider. MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them. You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes. SURGERY Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include: - Arthritis - Diabetes - Heart disease - High blood pressure - Sleep apnea - Some cancers - Stroke Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine. Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you. Weight-loss surgeries include: - Laparoscopic gastric banding - Gastric bypass surgery - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common) - Duodenal switch |
Q154 | null | I am trying to get specific citations for Treatment outcome for PTSD, especially reviews. When I tried to limit using advance search, the response was no finding, which I know is incorrect. Otherwise I get thousands of possibilities. Can you help me limit to that specific question? | ptsd | treatment | Q154-S1-A1 | 397 | Treatment for PTSD involves talk therapy (counseling), medicines, or both. TALK THERAPY During talk therapy, you talk with a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or therapist, in a calm and accepting setting. They can help you manage your PTSD symptoms. They will also guide you as you work through your feelings about the trauma. There are many types of talk therapy. One type that is often used for PTSD is called desensitization. During therapy, you are encouraged to remember the traumatic event and express your feelings about it. Over time, memories of the event become less frightening. During talk therapy, you may also learn ways to relax, especially when you start to have flashbacks. MEDICINES Your provider may suggest that you take medicines. They can help ease your depression or anxiety. They can also help you sleep better. Medicines need time to work. Do not stop taking them or change the amount (dosage) you take without talking to your provider. Ask your provider about possible side effects and what to do if you experience them. |
Q155 | intraductal papilloma | What if you do not have surgery to remove a papilloma? | intraductal papilloma | treatment | Q155-S1-A1 | 399 | Treatment of breast papillomas often entails surgical duct excision for symptomatic relief and histopathological examination. Recently, more conservative approach has been adapted. MD-assisted microdochectomy should be considered the procedure of choice for a papilloma-related single duct discharge. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that MD has the potential to reduce the number of duct excision procedures and minimise the extent of surgical resection. Imaging-guided vacuum-assisted core biopsy can be diagnostic and therapeutic for papillomas seen on mammography and/or ultrasound. Patients with multiple papillomas do have an increased risk of developing cancer and should be kept under annual review with regular mammography (preferably digital mammography) if treated conservatively. Magnetic resonance (MR) can be also used in surveillance in view of its high sensitivity. Because the risk is small, long term and affects both breasts, long-term follow-up is more appropriate than prophylactic mastectomy. Patients who prove to have solitary duct papilloma have insufficient increase in the risk of subsequent malignancy to justify routine follow-up. |
Q156 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | I would like info on my obesity problem and if I can get help | obesity | information | Q156-S1-A1 | 400 | Obesity means having too much body fat. It is not the same as being overweight, which means weighing too much. A person may be overweight from extra muscle or water, as well as from having too much fat. Both terms mean that a person's weight is higher than what is thought to be healthy for his or her height. |
Q156 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | I would like info on my obesity problem and if I can get help | obesity | information | Q156-S1-A2 | 401 | Summary Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height. Obesity occurs over time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Factors that might affect your weight include your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active. Being obese increases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers. If you are obese, losing even 5 to 10 percent of your weight can delay or prevent some of these diseases. For example, that means losing 10 to 20 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
Q156 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | I would like info on my obesity problem and if I can get help | obesity | treatment | Q156-S2-A1 | 402 | CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends. Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine. Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle. Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about: - Healthy food choices - Healthy snacks - Reading nutrition labels - New ways to prepare food - Portion sizes - Sweetened drinks Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again. Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider. MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them. You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes. SURGERY Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include: - Arthritis - Diabetes - Heart disease - High blood pressure - Sleep apnea - Some cancers - Stroke Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine. Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you. Weight-loss surgeries include: - Laparoscopic gastric banding - Gastric bypass surgery - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common) - Duodenal switch |
Q157 | Esophageal Cancer | I am looking for information about Cancer of the Esophagus and I'm not finding anything on your website. | cancer of the esophagus | information | Q157-S1-A1 | 403 | Esophageal cancer is cancer that starts in the esophagus. This is the tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach. |
Q157 | Esophageal Cancer | I am looking for information about Cancer of the Esophagus and I'm not finding anything on your website. | cancer of the esophagus | information | Q157-S1-A2 | 404 | Summary The esophagus is a hollow tube that carries food and liquids from your throat to your stomach. Early esophageal cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Later, you may have symptoms such as - Painful or difficult swallowing - Weight loss - A hoarse voice or cough that doesn't go away You're at greater risk for getting esophageal cancer if you smoke, drink heavily, or have acid reflux. Your risk also goes up as you age Your doctor uses imaging tests and a biopsy to diagnose esophageal cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. You might also need nutritional support, since the cancer or treatment may make it hard to swallow. NIH: National Cancer Institute |
Q157 | Esophageal Cancer | I am looking for information about Cancer of the Esophagus and I'm not finding anything on your website. | cancer of the esophagus | information | Q157-S1-A3 | 405 | Esophageal cancer is a cancer of the esophagus, the hollow tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include painful or difficult swallowing, weight loss and coughing up blood. The exact cause is usually not known, but both environmental and genetic factors are throught to play a role in the development of this condition. In the United States, risk factors for developing esophageal cancer include smoking, heavy drinking, obesity, and damage from acid reflux. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and laser therapy. Some patients may also need nutritional support, since the cancer or treatment may make it hard to swallow. |
Q158 | null | pubic lice. What are some treatments for pubic lice | pubic lice | treatment | Q158-S1-A1 | 406 | MEDICINES Pubic lice are often treated with medicines that contain a substance called permethrin. To use this medicine: - Thoroughly work the medicine into your pubic hair and surrounding area. Leave it on for at least 5 to 10 minutes, or as directed by your health care provider. - Rinse well. - Comb your pubic hair with a fine-toothed comb to remove eggs (nits). Applying vinegar to pubic hair before combing may help loosen the nits. Most people need only 1 treatment. If a second treatment is needed, it should be done 4 days to 1 week later. Over-the-counter medicines to treat lice include Rid and Nix. Malathione lotion is another option. OTHER CARE While you are treating pubic lice: - Wash all clothing and bedding in hot water. - Spray items that cannot be washed with a medicated spray that you can buy at the store. You can also seal items in plastic bags for 10 to 14 days to smother the lice. - Makes sure anyone with whom you have had sexual contact or shared a bed is treated at the same time. People with pubic lice should be checked for other sexually-transmitted infections when lice are discovered. |
Q159 | Obesity Questions | Hello. My name is [NAME] and I am a junior in high school. I am currently doing a research topic on obesity and was wondering if you would be able to answer a few questions. It would be greatly appreciated if you could! Thank you! 1)What/Who is to blame for obesity? 2)Do you think putting a tax on junk food will reduce the amount of obese people? Why or why not? 3)How can we prevent obesity? 4)What are the benefits of getting 30 minutes of exercise daily and eating healthy? 5)Should the government be more involved in the help to stop obesity? Why or why not? 6)What is the number one thing we should eat less of/ cut out of our diets? (such as, fats, carbs, sugars,etc) Thank you for your time! | obesity | cause | Q159-S1-A1 | 407 | Taking in more calories than your body burns can lead to obesity. This is because the body stores unused calories as fat. Obesity can be caused by: - Eating more food than your body can use - Drinking too much alcohol - Not getting enough exercise Many obese people who lose large amounts of weight and gain it back think it is their fault. They blame themselves for not having the willpower to keep the weight off. Many people regain more weight than they lost. Today, we know that biology is a big reason why some people cannot keep the weight off. Some people who live in the same place and eat the same foods become obese, while others do not. Our bodies have a complex system to keep our weight at a healthy level. In some people, this system does not work normally. The way we eat when we are children can affect the way we eat as adults. The way we eat over many years becomes a habit. It affects what we eat, when we eat, and how much we eat. We may feel that we are surrounded by things that make it easy to overeat and hard to stay active. - Many people feel they do not have time to plan and make healthy meals. - More people today work desk jobs compared to more active jobs in the past. - People with little free time may have less time to exercise. The term eating disorder means a group of medical conditions that have an unhealthy focus on eating, dieting, losing or gaining weight, and body image. A person may be obese, follow an unhealthy diet, and have an eating disorder all at the same time. Sometimes, medical problems or treatments cause weight gain, including: - Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) - Medicines such as birth control pills, antidepressants, and antipsychotics Other things that can cause weight gain are: - Quitting smoking. Many people who quit smoking gain 4 to 10 pounds in the first 6 months after quitting. - Stress, anxiety, feeling sad, or not sleeping well - Menopause. Women may gain 12 to 15 pounds during menopause. - Pregnancy. Women may not lose the weight they gained during pregnancy. |
Q159 | Obesity Questions | Hello. My name is [NAME] and I am a junior in high school. I am currently doing a research topic on obesity and was wondering if you would be able to answer a few questions. It would be greatly appreciated if you could! Thank you! 1)What/Who is to blame for obesity? 2)Do you think putting a tax on junk food will reduce the amount of obese people? Why or why not? 3)How can we prevent obesity? 4)What are the benefits of getting 30 minutes of exercise daily and eating healthy? 5)Should the government be more involved in the help to stop obesity? Why or why not? 6)What is the number one thing we should eat less of/ cut out of our diets? (such as, fats, carbs, sugars,etc) Thank you for your time! | obesity | treatment | Q159-S2-A1 | 408 | CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends. Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine. Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle. Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about: - Healthy food choices - Healthy snacks - Reading nutrition labels - New ways to prepare food - Portion sizes - Sweetened drinks Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again. Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider. MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them. You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes. SURGERY Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include: - Arthritis - Diabetes - Heart disease - High blood pressure - Sleep apnea - Some cancers - Stroke Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine. Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you. Weight-loss surgeries include: - Laparoscopic gastric banding - Gastric bypass surgery - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common) - Duodenal switch |
Q160 | mailed information on Lynch syndrome | Please mail me information of Lynch Syndrome as I do not have a computer and my doctor has told me that I have this. | lynch syndrome | information | Q160-S1-A1 | 411 | Lynch syndrome is an inherited condition that causes an increased risk of developing cancer. Individuals with Lynch syndrome have a higher risk of developing colon and rectal cancer, as well as cancers of the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder ducts, upper urinary tract, brain, skin, and prostate. Women with Lynch syndrome also have a high risk of developing uterine cancer (also called endometrial cancer) and ovarian cancer. Even though the disorder was originally described as not involving noncancerous (benign) growths (polyps) in the colon, people with Lynch syndrome may occasionally have colon polyps. Lynch syndrome has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is caused by a mutation in the MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 or EPCAM gene. |
Q160 | mailed information on Lynch syndrome | Please mail me information of Lynch Syndrome as I do not have a computer and my doctor has told me that I have this. | lynch syndrome | information | Q160-S1-A2 | 412 | Lynch syndrome, often called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an inherited disorder that increases the risk of many types of cancer, particularly cancers of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, which are collectively referred to as colorectal cancer. People with Lynch syndrome also have an increased risk of cancers of the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder ducts, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin. Additionally, women with this disorder have a high risk of cancer of the ovaries and lining of the uterus (the endometrium). People with Lynch syndrome may occasionally have noncancerous (benign) growths (polyps) in the colon, called colon polyps. In individuals with this disorder, colon polyps occur earlier but not in greater numbers than they do in the general population. |
Q161 | Glaucoma | Can you mail me patient information about Glaucoma, I was recently diagnosed and want to learn all I can about the disease. | glaucoma | information | Q161-S1-A1 | 419 | Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can damage the optic nerve. This nerve sends the images you see to your brain. Most often, optic nerve damage is caused by increased pressure in the eye. This is called intraocular pressure. Watch this video about: Glaucoma |
Q161 | Glaucoma | Can you mail me patient information about Glaucoma, I was recently diagnosed and want to learn all I can about the disease. | glaucoma | information | Q161-S1-A2 | 420 | Summary Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve. It is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. It usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. Often there are no symptoms at first. Without treatment, people with glaucoma will slowly lose their peripheral, or side vision. They seem to be looking through a tunnel. Over time, straight-ahead vision may decrease until no vision remains. A comprehensive eye exam can tell if you have glaucoma. People at risk should get eye exams at least every two years. They include - African Americans over age 40 - People over age 60, especially Mexican Americans - People with a family history of glaucoma There is no cure, but glaucoma can usually be controlled. Early treatment can help protect your eyes against vision loss. Treatments usually include prescription eyedrops and/or surgery. NIH: National Eye Institute |
Q161 | Glaucoma | Can you mail me patient information about Glaucoma, I was recently diagnosed and want to learn all I can about the disease. | glaucoma | information | Q161-S1-A3 | 421 | Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. While glaucoma can strike anyone, the risk is much greater for people over 60. How Glaucoma Develops There are several different types of glaucoma. Most of these involve the drainage system within the eye. At the front of the eye there is a small space called the anterior chamber. A clear fluid flows through this chamber and bathes and nourishes the nearby tissues. (Watch the video to learn more about glaucoma. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) In glaucoma, for still unknown reasons, the fluid drains too slowly out of the eye. As the fluid builds up, the pressure inside the eye rises. Unless this pressure is controlled, it may cause damage to the optic nerve and other parts of the eye and result in loss of vision. Open-angle Glaucoma The most common type of glaucoma is called open-angle glaucoma. In the normal eye, the clear fluid leaves the anterior chamber at the open angle where the cornea and iris meet. When fluid reaches the angle, it flows through a spongy meshwork, like a drain, and leaves the eye. Sometimes, when the fluid reaches the angle, it passes too slowly through the meshwork drain, causing the pressure inside the eye to build. If the pressure damages the optic nerve, open-angle glaucoma -- and vision loss -- may result. There is no cure for glaucoma. Vision lost from the disease cannot be restored. However, there are treatments that may save remaining vision. That is why early diagnosis is important. See this graphic for a quick overview of glaucoma, including how many people it affects, who’s at risk, what to do if you have it, and how to learn more. See a glossary of glaucoma terms. |
Q161 | Glaucoma | Can you mail me patient information about Glaucoma, I was recently diagnosed and want to learn all I can about the disease. | glaucoma | information | Q161-S1-A4 | 422 | Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. The most common form of the disease is open-angle glaucoma. With early treatment, you can often protect your eyes against serious vision loss. (Watch the video to learn more about glaucoma. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) See this graphic for a quick overview of glaucoma, including how many people it affects, who’s at risk, what to do if you have it, and how to learn more. See a glossary of glaucoma terms. |
Q161 | Glaucoma | Can you mail me patient information about Glaucoma, I was recently diagnosed and want to learn all I can about the disease. | glaucoma | information | Q161-S1-A5 | 425 | Through studies in the laboratory and with patients, the National Eye Institute is seeking better ways to detect, treat, and prevent vision loss in people with glaucoma. For example, researchers have discovered genes that could help explain how glaucoma damages the eye. NEI also is supporting studies to learn more about who is likely to get glaucoma, when to treat people who have increased eye pressure, and which treatment to use first. |
Q162 | null | EMAIL: [EMAIL] Hello - I suspect my son has Cushing's Syndrome. His recent U-Creatinine Excretion 24 hr urine test showed 21.6H nnol/d. The lab range for normal is 7.0-17.0. I suspect this may be the result of muscle waste. Can you please tell me what this measure means in terms of the scale of the result - what does this difference represent and what can be expected as a result. Also how can we determine whether it is muscle waste that is the issue? Please help | cushing's syndrome | diagnosis | Q162-S1-A1 | 427 | Diagnosis is based on a review of a person's medical history, a physical examination, and laboratory tests. X-rays of the adrenal or pituitary glands can be useful in locating tumors. |
Q163 | null | spina bifida; vertbral fusion;syrinx tethered cord. can u help for treatment of these problem | spina bifida | treatment | Q163-S1-A1 | 435 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of spina bifida: - Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco: Treatment of Spina Bifida - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Living with Spina Bifida - GeneFacts: Spina Bifida: Diagnosis - GeneFacts: Spina Bifida: Management - Genetic Testing Registry: Neural tube defect - Genetic Testing Registry: Neural tube defects, folate-sensitive - Spina Bifida Association: Urologic Care and Management - University of California, San Francisco Fetal Treatment Center These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q163 | null | spina bifida; vertbral fusion;syrinx tethered cord. can u help for treatment of these problem | spina bifida | treatment | Q163-S1-A2 | 436 | There is no cure for SB because the nerve tissue cannot be replaced or repaired. Treatment for the variety of effects of SB may include surgery, medication, and physiotherapy. Many individuals with SB will need assistive devices such as braces, crutches, or wheelchairs. Ongoing therapy, medical care, and/or surgical treatments may be necessary to prevent and manage complications throughout the individual's life. Surgery to close the newborn's spinal opening is generally performed within 24 hours after birth to minimize the risk of infection and to preserve existing function in the spinal cord. |
Q164 | gilberts diseases | my name is [NAME]. 5days later i admitted in a hospital in treatment of viral fever.In hospital lot of tests blood,urine,ultrasound scan.In all tests my organs (lever,kidney,etc) are normal but my bilirubin Total is higher than normal. In my admission in hospital bilirubin is 3.2. Day by day my bilirubin decreased in the way of 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.6, 2.5, respectevely. The other contents of blood and urine are normal at all. Hepatitis A,B,C are also negative.Today Bilirubin direct is 0.8. Doctor says it is Gilberts disease. Sir what can i do?. what is the reason for this?. what is your opinion sir? please reply soon . | gilberts disease | treatment | Q164-S1-A1 | 437 | No treatment is necessary for Gilbert disease. |
Q164 | gilberts diseases | my name is [NAME]. 5days later i admitted in a hospital in treatment of viral fever.In hospital lot of tests blood,urine,ultrasound scan.In all tests my organs (lever,kidney,etc) are normal but my bilirubin Total is higher than normal. In my admission in hospital bilirubin is 3.2. Day by day my bilirubin decreased in the way of 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.6, 2.5, respectevely. The other contents of blood and urine are normal at all. Hepatitis A,B,C are also negative.Today Bilirubin direct is 0.8. Doctor says it is Gilberts disease. Sir what can i do?. what is the reason for this?. what is your opinion sir? please reply soon . | gilberts disease | treatment | Q164-S1-A2 | 438 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Gilbert syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Gilbert's syndrome These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q164 | gilberts diseases | my name is [NAME]. 5days later i admitted in a hospital in treatment of viral fever.In hospital lot of tests blood,urine,ultrasound scan.In all tests my organs (lever,kidney,etc) are normal but my bilirubin Total is higher than normal. In my admission in hospital bilirubin is 3.2. Day by day my bilirubin decreased in the way of 2.8, 2.6, 2.4, 2.6, 2.5, respectevely. The other contents of blood and urine are normal at all. Hepatitis A,B,C are also negative.Today Bilirubin direct is 0.8. Doctor says it is Gilberts disease. Sir what can i do?. what is the reason for this?. what is your opinion sir? please reply soon . | gilberts disease | cause | Q164-S2-A1 | 439 | An abnormal gene you inherit from your parents causes Gilbert's syndrome. The gene normally controls an enzyme that helps break down bilirubin in your liver. With an ineffective gene, excess amounts of bilirubin build in your blood. How the body normally processes bilirubin Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment made when your body breaks down old red blood cells. Bilirubin travels through your bloodstream to the liver, where normally an enzyme breaks down the bilirubin and removes it from the bloodstream. The bilirubin passes from the liver into the intestines with bile. It's then excreted in stool. A small amount of bilirubin remains in the blood. How the abnormal gene is passed through families The abnormal gene that causes Gilbert's syndrome is common. Many people carry one copy of this gene. In most cases, two abnormal copies are needed to cause Gilbert's syndrome. |
Q165 | ks | hi doctor my name is [NAME] m from [LOCATION] its almost a 2yrs i m not getting pregnant.. i have done few tests of my husband the sperm count is nil and i have done molecular biology karyotyping test and its a klinefelter syndrome. is dere any chance of getting pregnant? is dere any treatment for this ?please kindly help me.....if u need more details i would send u d reports( sir pls help me) | klinefelter syndrome | treatment | Q165-S1-A1 | 440 | Treatment depends on the source of the problem, but may involve: - Injections of testosterone (in males) - Slow-release testosterone skin patch (in males) - Testosterone gels (in males) - Estrogen and progesterone pills or skin patches (in females) - GnRH injections |
Q165 | ks | hi doctor my name is [NAME] m from [LOCATION] its almost a 2yrs i m not getting pregnant.. i have done few tests of my husband the sperm count is nil and i have done molecular biology karyotyping test and its a klinefelter syndrome. is dere any chance of getting pregnant? is dere any treatment for this ?please kindly help me.....if u need more details i would send u d reports( sir pls help me) | klinefelter syndrome | treatment | Q165-S1-A2 | 441 | Testosterone therapy may be prescribed. This can help: - Grow body hair - Improve appearance of muscles - Improve concentration - Improve mood and self esteem - Increase energy and sex drive - Increase strength Most men with this syndrome are not able to get a woman pregnant. But, an infertility specialist may be able to help. Seeing a doctor called an endocrinologist may also be helpful. |
Q165 | ks | hi doctor my name is [NAME] m from [LOCATION] its almost a 2yrs i m not getting pregnant.. i have done few tests of my husband the sperm count is nil and i have done molecular biology karyotyping test and its a klinefelter syndrome. is dere any chance of getting pregnant? is dere any treatment for this ?please kindly help me.....if u need more details i would send u d reports( sir pls help me) | klinefelter syndrome | treatment | Q165-S1-A3 | 442 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Klinefelter syndrome: - Genetic Testing Registry: Klinefelter's syndrome, XXY - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Klinefelter Syndrome - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Testicular Failure These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A1 | 443 | Treatment is based on many factors, including: - Type and stage of the cancer - Whether the cancer is sensitive to certain hormones - Whether the cancer overproduces (overexpresses) the HER2/neu gene Cancer treatments may include: - Chemotherapy, which uses medicines to kill cancer cells. - Radiation therapy, which is used to destroy cancerous tissue. - Surgery to remove cancerous tissue: A lumpectomy removes the breast lump; mastectomy removes all or part of the breast and possibly nearby structures. - Targeted therapy uses medicine to attack the gene changes in cancer cells. Hormone therapy is an example of targeted therapy. It blocks certain hormones that fuel cancer growth. Cancer treatment can be local or systemic: - Local treatments involve only the area of disease. Radiation and surgery are forms of local treatment. They are most effective when the cancer has not spread outside the breast. - Systemic treatments affect the entire body. Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are types of systemic treatment. Most women receive a combination of treatments. For women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer, the main goal is to treat the cancer and prevent it from returning (curing). For women with stage IV cancer, the goal is to improve symptoms and help them live longer. In most cases, stage IV breast cancer cannot be cured. - Stage 0 and ductal carcinoma -- Lumpectomy plus radiation or mastectomy is the standard treatment. - Stage I and II -- Lumpectomy plus radiation or mastectomy with lymph node removal is the standard treatment. Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and other targeted therapy may also be used after surgery. - Stage III -- Treatment involves surgery, possibly followed by chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and other targeted therapy. - Stage IV -- Treatment may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, other targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments. After treatment, some women continue to take medicines for a time. All women continue to have blood tests, mammograms, and other tests after treatment. Women who have had a mastectomy may have reconstructive breast surgery. This will be done either at the time of mastectomy or later. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A2 | 444 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of breast cancer: - Gene Review: Gene Review: BRCA1 and BRCA2 Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer - Gene Review: Gene Review: Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer - Gene Review: Gene Review: Li-Fraumeni Syndrome - Gene Review: Gene Review: PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) - Gene Review: Gene Review: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - Genetic Testing Registry: Familial cancer of breast - Genomics Education Programme (UK): Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer - National Cancer Institute: Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool - National Cancer Institute: Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2: It's Your Choice - National Cancer Institute: Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A3 | 445 | There are many treatment options for women with breast cancer. The choice of treatment depends on your age and general health, the stage of the cancer, whether or not it has spread beyond the breast, and other factors. If tests show that you have cancer, you should talk with your doctor and make treatment decisions as soon as possible. Studies show that early treatment leads to better outcomes. Working With a Team of Specialists People with cancer often are treated by a team of specialists. The team will keep the primary doctor informed about the patient's progress. The team may include a medical oncologist who is a specialist in cancer treatment, a surgeon, a radiation oncologist who is a specialist in radiation therapy, and others. Before starting treatment, you may want another doctor to review the diagnosis and treatment plan. Some insurance companies require a second opinion. Others may pay for a second opinion if you request it. (Watch the video about this breast cancer survivor's treatment. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) Clinical Trials for Breast Cancer Some breast cancer patients take part in studies of new treatments. These studies, called clinical trials, are designed to find out whether a new treatment is both safe and effective. Often, clinical trials compare a new treatment with a standard one so that doctors can learn which is more effective. Women with breast cancer who are interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk to their doctor. The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through its National Library of Medicine and other Institutes, maintains a database of clinical trials at ClinicalTrials.gov. See a list of the current clinical trials on breast cancer. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A4 | 446 | There are a number of treatments for breast cancer, but the ones women choose most often -- alone or in combination -- are surgery, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. What Standard Treatments Do Here is what the standard cancer treatments are designed to do. - Surgery takes out the cancer and some surrounding tissue. - Hormone therapy keeps cancer cells from getting most of the hormones they need to survive and grow. - Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors and some surrounding tissue. - Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs to kill most cancer cells. Surgery takes out the cancer and some surrounding tissue. Hormone therapy keeps cancer cells from getting most of the hormones they need to survive and grow. Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors and some surrounding tissue. Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs to kill most cancer cells. Treatment for breast cancer may involve local or whole body therapy. Doctors use local therapies, such as surgery or radiation, to remove or destroy breast cancer in a specific area. Whole body, or systemic, treatments like chemotherapy, hormonal, or biological therapies are used to destroy or control cancer throughout the body. Some patients have both kinds of treatment. Treating Early-Stage Breast Cancer If you have early-stage breast cancer, one common treatment available to you is a lumpectomy combined with radiation therapy. A lumpectomy is surgery that preserves a woman's breast. In a lumpectomy, the surgeon removes only the tumor and a small amount of the surrounding tissue. The survival rate for a woman who has this therapy plus radiation is similar to that for a woman who chooses a radical mastectomy, which is complete removal of a breast. If Cancer Has Spread Locally If you have breast cancer that has spread locally -- just to other parts of the breast -- your treatment may involve a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. Doctors usually first shrink the tumor with chemotherapy and then remove it through surgery. Shrinking the tumor before surgery may allow a woman to avoid a mastectomy and keep her breast. In the past, doctors would remove a lot of lymph nodes near breast tumors to see if the cancer had spread. Some doctors also use a method called sentinel node biopsy. Using a dye or radioactive tracer, surgeons locate the first or sentinel lymph node closest to the tumor, and remove only that node to see if the cancer has spread. If Cancer Has Spread Beyond the Breast If the breast cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lung or bone, you might receive chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy to destroy cancer cells and control the disease. Radiation therapy may also be useful to control tumors in other parts of the body. Get more information about treatment options for breast cancer and for recurrent breast cancer. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A5 | 449 | Standard treatments for breast cancer include - surgery that takes out the cancer and some surrounding tissue - radiation therapy that uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors and some surrounding tissue. - chemotherapy that uses anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer most cells - hormone therapy that keeps cancer cells from getting most of the hormones they need to survive and grow. surgery that takes out the cancer and some surrounding tissue radiation therapy that uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors and some surrounding tissue. chemotherapy that uses anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer most cells hormone therapy that keeps cancer cells from getting most of the hormones they need to survive and grow. (Watch the video to learn about one breast cancer survivor's story. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A6 | 450 | Even if the surgeon removes all of the cancer that can be seen at the time of surgery, a woman may still receive follow-up treatment. This may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy to try to kill any cancer cells that may be left. Treatment that a patient receives after surgery to increase the chances of a cure is called adjuvant therapy. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A7 | 451 | Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. This therapy often follows a lumpectomy, and is sometimes used after mastectomy. During radiation therapy, a machine outside the body sends high-energy beams to kill the cancer cells that may still be present in the affected breast or in nearby lymph nodes. Doctors sometimes use radiation therapy along with chemotherapy, or before or instead of surgery. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A8 | 452 | Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. A patient may take chemotherapy by mouth in pill form, or it may be put into the body by inserting a needle into a vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is called whole body or systemic treatment if the drug(s) enter the bloodstream, travel through the body, and kill cancer cells throughout the body. Treatment with standard chemotherapy can be as short as two months or as long as two years. Targeted therapies, usually in pill form, have become more common and focus on either a gene or protein abnormality and usually have few adverse side-effects as they directly affect the abnormality and not other cells or tissues in the body. Sometimes chemotherapy is the only treatment the doctor will recommend. More often, however, chemotherapy is used in addition to surgery, radiation therapy, and/or biological therapy. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A9 | 453 | Hormonal therapy keeps cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow. This treatment may include the use of drugs that change the way hormones work. Sometimes it includes surgery to remove the ovaries, which make female hormones. Like chemotherapy, hormonal therapy can affect cancer cells throughout the body. Often, women with early-stage breast cancer and those with metastatic breast cancer -- meaning cancer that has spread to other parts of the body -- receive hormone therapy in the form of tamoxifen. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen or estrogens can act on cells all over the body. However, it may increase the chance of developing endometrial cancer. If you take tamoxifen, you should have a pelvic examination every year to look for any signs of cancer. A woman should report any vaginal bleeding, other than menstrual bleeding, to her doctor as soon as possible. |
Q166 | null | Breast cancer at 84. My mother was just diagnost with breast cancer. She is 84 years old, her tumor started in the milk duct and is small in size, their is a mass as well in the same breast. He is scheduled for a lumpectomy to remove both. Because of age we would like suggestions on treatment options after surgery. | breast cancer | treatment | Q166-S1-A10 | 454 | Certain drugs that have been used successfully in other cancers are now being used to treat some breast cancers. A mix of drugs may increase the length of time you will live, or the length of time you will live without cancer. In addition, certain drugs like Herceptin® and Tykerb® taken in combination with chemotherapy, can help women with specific genetic breast cancer mutations better than chemotherapy alone. |
Q167 | null | polymicrogyria. My 16 month old son has this. Does not sit up our crawl yet but still trying and is improving in grabbing things etc etc. Have read about other cases that seem 10000 time worse. It's it possible for this post of his brain to grown to normal and he grow out of it? | polymicrogyria | information | Q167-S1-A1 | 455 | Polymicrogyria is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth. The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with polymicrogyria, the brain develops too many folds, and the folds are unusually small. The name of this condition literally means too many (poly-) small (micro-) folds (-gyria) in the surface of the brain. Polymicrogyria can affect part of the brain or the whole brain. When the condition affects one side of the brain, researchers describe it as unilateral. When it affects both sides of the brain, it is described as bilateral. The signs and symptoms associated with polymicrogyria depend on how much of the brain, and which particular brain regions, are affected. Researchers have identified multiple forms of polymicrogyria. The mildest form is known as unilateral focal polymicrogyria. This form of the condition affects a relatively small area on one side of the brain. It may cause minor neurological problems, such as mild seizures that can be easily controlled with medication. Some people with unilateral focal polymicrogyria do not have any problems associated with the condition. Bilateral forms of polymicrogyria tend to cause more severe neurological problems. Signs and symptoms of these conditions can include recurrent seizures (epilepsy), delayed development, crossed eyes, problems with speech and swallowing, and muscle weakness or paralysis. The most severe form of the disorder, bilateral generalized polymicrogyria, affects the entire brain. This condition causes severe intellectual disability, problems with movement, and seizures that are difficult or impossible to control with medication. Polymicrogyria most often occurs as an isolated feature, although it can occur with other brain abnormalities. It is also a feature of several genetic syndromes characterized by intellectual disability and multiple birth defects. These include 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Adams-Oliver syndrome, Aicardi syndrome, Galloway-Mowat syndrome, Joubert syndrome, and Zellweger spectrum disorder. |
Q167 | null | polymicrogyria. My 16 month old son has this. Does not sit up our crawl yet but still trying and is improving in grabbing things etc etc. Have read about other cases that seem 10000 time worse. It's it possible for this post of his brain to grown to normal and he grow out of it? | polymicrogyria | prognosis | Q167-S2-A1 | 456 | Researchers have identified multiple forms of polymicrogyria. The mildest form is known as unilateral focal polymicrogyria. This form of the condition affects a relatively small area on one side of the brain. It may cause minor neurological problems, such as mild seizures that can be easily controlled with medication. Some people with unilateral focal polymicrogyria do not have any problems associated with the condition. Bilateral forms of polymicrogyria tend to cause more severe neurological problems. Signs and symptoms of these conditions can include recurrent seizures (epilepsy), delayed development, crossed eyes, problems with speech and swallowing, and muscle weakness or paralysis. The most severe form of the disorder, bilateral generalized polymicrogyria, affects the entire brain. This condition causes severe intellectual disability, problems with movement, and seizures that are difficult or impossible to control with medication. |
Q168 | null | Hello, my name is [NAME] and i am a student at [LOCATION] here in [LOCATION]. I am composing a research report on SIDS and i was hoping you could help me with some information. I was particularly interested in learning weather parents should be worried about cribs death and if you could direct me to some resources on that, or even allow me to interview you. Thank you for your time. If you have anything else that might help me, i would really appreciate it. You can email me at [CONTACT] or contact me by my phone at [CONTACT]. Thanks again. | sids | information | Q168-S1-A1 | 457 | Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected, sudden death of a child under age 1. An autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death. |
Q168 | null | Hello, my name is [NAME] and i am a student at [LOCATION] here in [LOCATION]. I am composing a research report on SIDS and i was hoping you could help me with some information. I was particularly interested in learning weather parents should be worried about cribs death and if you could direct me to some resources on that, or even allow me to interview you. Thank you for your time. If you have anything else that might help me, i would really appreciate it. You can email me at [CONTACT] or contact me by my phone at [CONTACT]. Thanks again. | sids | information | Q168-S1-A2 | 458 | Summary Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than one year old. Some people call SIDS "crib death" because many babies who die of SIDS are found in their cribs. SIDS is the leading cause of death in children between one month and one year old. Most SIDS deaths occur when babies are between two months and four months old. Premature babies, boys, African Americans, and American Indian/Alaska Native infants have a higher risk of SIDS. Although health care professionals don't know what causes SIDS, they do know ways to reduce the risk. These include - Placing babies on their backs to sleep, even for short naps. "Tummy time" is for when babies are awake and someone is watching - Using a firm sleep surface, such as a crib mattress covered with a fitted sheet - Keeping soft objects and loose bedding away from sleep area - Making sure babies don't get too hot. Keep the room at a comfortable temperature for an adult. - Don't smoke during pregnancy or allow anyone to smoke near your baby NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
Q169 | null | EMAIL: [EMAIL] I have an hernia I would love to take care off it ASAP I was wondering if you guys could help me . Thanks | hernia | treatment | Q169-S1-A1 | 459 | Surgery is the only treatment that can permanently fix a hernia. Surgery may be more risky for people with serious medical problems. Surgery repairs the weakened abdominal wall tissue (fascia) and closes any holes. Most hernias are closed with stitches and sometimes with mesh patches to plug the hole. An umbilical hernia that does not heal on its own by the time a child is 5 years old will likely be repaired. |
Q170 | Teen pregnancy | Good morning, I am a student from Carver Military Academy on the far south side of Chicago. My fellow classmates and I are conducting a research project on social issues and problems we are affected by everyday mine is Teen Pregnancy. Since I am a teenager I know how having a child can really affect our young lives. They can stop our achievements in school, goals for the future,all our fun would stop,and our dreams. I would like to ask someone from your organization a few questions because it seems as though your organization could provide me with valuable information about teen pregnancy,statistics,facts, and your opinion about it. Your time and assistance would be greatly appreciated and I hope to hear from you soon. Thank you, [NAME] | teen pregnancy | information | Q170-S1-A1 | 460 | Most pregnant teenage girls did not plan to get pregnant. If you are a pregnant teen, it is very important to get health care during your pregnancy. Know that there are extra health risks for both you and your baby. |
Q170 | Teen pregnancy | Good morning, I am a student from Carver Military Academy on the far south side of Chicago. My fellow classmates and I are conducting a research project on social issues and problems we are affected by everyday mine is Teen Pregnancy. Since I am a teenager I know how having a child can really affect our young lives. They can stop our achievements in school, goals for the future,all our fun would stop,and our dreams. I would like to ask someone from your organization a few questions because it seems as though your organization could provide me with valuable information about teen pregnancy,statistics,facts, and your opinion about it. Your time and assistance would be greatly appreciated and I hope to hear from you soon. Thank you, [NAME] | teen pregnancy | information | Q170-S1-A2 | 461 | Summary Most teenage girls don't plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Often, teens don't get prenatal care soon enough, which can lead to problems later on. They have a higher risk for pregnancy-related high blood pressure and its complications. Risks for the baby include premature birth and a low birth weight. If you're a pregnant teen, you can help yourself and your baby by - Getting regular prenatal care - Taking your prenatal vitamins for your health and to prevent some birth defects - Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and drugs - Using a condom, if you are having sex, to prevent sexually transmitted diseases that could hurt your baby |
Q171 | Stroke Due to Aneurysm? | My son had a hemmorhagic stroke at 4 weeks of age....he is now 31 years old. In the week leading up to the stroke he had a head cold and I had been giving him infant cold drops. After he had the stroke the doctors at the time could only say that it was a 'fluke' and would probably never happen again. The reason for the stroke has haunted me ever since. Now we just recently found out that my mother has a cerebral aneurysm and they say this can be hereditary. So my question now is 'did my son have an aneurysm that burst or was it caused by a blood clot?...is there anyway of knowing or getting an answer to that question after the event has happened? | stroke | cause | Q171-S1-A1 | 462 | There are two major types of stroke: - Ischemic stroke - Hemorrhagic stroke Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot. This may happen in two ways: - A clot may form in an artery that is already very narrow. This is called a thrombotic stroke. - A clot may break off from another place in the blood vessels of the brain, or from some other part of the body, and travel up to the brain. This is called cerebral embolism, or an embolic stroke. Ischemic strokes may also be caused by a sticky substance called plaque that can clog arteries. Watch this video about: Stroke Watch this video about: Stroke - secondary to cardiogenic embolism A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in part of the brain becomes weak and bursts open. This causes blood to leak into the brain. Some people have defects in the blood vessels of the brain that make this more likely. These defects may include: - Aneurysm - Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Hemorrhagic strokes may also occur when someone is taking blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin). Very high blood pressure may cause blood vessels to burst, leading to hemorrhagic stroke. An ischemic stroke can develop bleeding and become a hemorrhagic stroke. High blood pressure is the main risk factor for strokes. Other major risk factors are: - Irregular heartbeat, called atrial fibrillation - Diabetes - Family history of stroke - High cholesterol - Increasing age, especially after age 55 - Ethnicity (African Americans are more likely to die of a stroke) Watch this video about: Hypertension - overview Stroke risk is also higher in: - People who have heart disease or poor blood flow in their legs caused by narrowed arteries - People who have unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, a high-fat diet, and lack of exercise - Women who take birth control pills (especially those who smoke and are older than 35) - Women who are pregnant have an increased risk while pregnant - Women who take hormone replacement therapy |
Q172 | seeking help for a loved one | Hello I am seeking help for my partner. He has Meesmann Corneal Dystrophy. He has had this condition since birth but was not diagnosed until he was 28. He has had epithelial debriding and laser keratectomy. He has used many different drops and has also tried contact lenses. Each treatment has been unsuccessful and his symptoms are getting worse. He has excruciating pain during flair ups as well as photosensitivity and compromised vision. We have children and he can not work because of his condition. Any help or information you can give us is greatly appreciated. Thank you [NAME] | meesmann corneal dystrophy | treatment | Q172-S1-A1 | 463 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Meesmann corneal dystrophy: - Genetic Testing Registry: Meesman's corneal dystrophy - Merck Manual Home Health Handbook: Tests for Eye Disorders: The Eye Examination These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q172 | seeking help for a loved one | Hello I am seeking help for my partner. He has Meesmann Corneal Dystrophy. He has had this condition since birth but was not diagnosed until he was 28. He has had epithelial debriding and laser keratectomy. He has used many different drops and has also tried contact lenses. Each treatment has been unsuccessful and his symptoms are getting worse. He has excruciating pain during flair ups as well as photosensitivity and compromised vision. We have children and he can not work because of his condition. Any help or information you can give us is greatly appreciated. Thank you [NAME] | meesmann corneal dystrophy | information | Q172-S2-A1 | 464 | Meesmann corneal dystrophy is an eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the clear front covering of the eye. This condition is characterized by the formation of tiny round cysts in the outermost layer of the cornea, called the corneal epithelium. This part of the cornea acts as a barrier to help prevent foreign materials, such as dust and bacteria, from entering the eye. In people with Meesmann corneal dystrophy, cysts can appear as early as the first year of life. They usually affect both eyes and increase in number over time. The cysts usually do not cause any symptoms until late adolescence or adulthood, when they start to break open (rupture) on the surface of the cornea and cause irritation. The resulting symptoms typically include increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), twitching of the eyelids (blepharospasm), increased tear production, the sensation of having a foreign object in the eye, and an inability to tolerate wearing contact lenses. Some affected individuals also have temporary episodes of blurred vision. |
Q173 | High Intensity Focused Ultrasound | Have any follow ups on women with ovarian cancer taken place? | ovarian cancer | prognosis | Q173-S1-A1 | 465 | Ovarian cancer is rarely diagnosed in its early stages. It is usually quite advanced by the time diagnosis is made: - 3 of 4 women with ovarian cancer survive 1 year after diagnosis - Nearly half of women live longer than 5 years after diagnosis - If diagnosis is made early in the disease and treatment is received before the cancer spreads outside the ovary, the 5-year survival rate is high |
Q174 | CURE FOR PNEUMONIA | Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently | pneumonia | information | Q174-S1-A1 | 466 | Summary Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Many germs, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. You can also get pneumonia by inhaling a liquid or chemical. People most at risk are older than 65 or younger than 2 years of age, or already have health problems. Symptoms of pneumonia vary from mild to severe. See your doctor promptly if you - Have a high fever - Have shaking chills - Have a cough with phlegm that doesn't improve or gets worse - Develop shortness of breath with normal daily activities - Have chest pain when you breathe or cough - Feel suddenly worse after a cold or the flu Your doctor will use your medical history, a physical exam, and lab tests to diagnose pneumonia. Treatment depends on what kind you have. If bacteria are the cause, antibiotics should help. If you have viral pneumonia, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat it. Preventing pneumonia is always better than treating it. Vaccines are available to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia and the flu. Other preventive measures include washing your hands frequently and not smoking. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
Q174 | CURE FOR PNEUMONIA | Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently | pneumonia | information | Q174-S1-A2 | 467 | Pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Many germs—such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi—can cause pneumonia. The infection inflames your lungs' air sacs, which are called alveoli (al-VEE-uhl-eye). The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough with phlegm (a slimy substance), fever, chills, and trouble breathing. Overview Pneumonia and its symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Many factors affect how serious pneumonia is, such as the type of germ causing the infection and your age and overall health. Pneumonia tends to be more serious for: Infants and young children. Older adults (people 65 years or older). People who have other health problems, such as heart failure, diabetes, or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). People who have weak immune systems as a result of diseases or other factors. Examples of these diseases and factors include HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy (a treatment for cancer), and an organ transplant or blood and marrow stem cell transplant. Outlook Pneumonia is common in the United States. Treatment for pneumonia depends on its cause, how severe your symptoms are, and your age and overall health. Many people can be treated at home, often with oral antibiotics. Children usually start to feel better in 1 to 2 days. For adults, it usually takes 2 to 3 days. Anyone who has worsening symptoms should see a doctor. People who have severe symptoms or underlying health problems may need treatment in a hospital. It may take 3 weeks or more before they can go back to their normal routines. Fatigue (tiredness) from pneumonia can last for a month or more. |
Q174 | CURE FOR PNEUMONIA | Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently | pneumonia | treatment | Q174-S2-A1 | 468 | Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia you have and how severe it is. Most people who have community-acquired pneumonia—the most common type of pneumonia—are treated at home. The goals of treatment are to cure the infection and prevent complications. General Treatment If you have pneumonia, follow your treatment plan, take all medicines as prescribed, and get ongoing medical care. Ask your doctor when you should schedule followup care. Your doctor may want you to have a chest x ray to make sure the pneumonia is gone. Although you may start feeling better after a few days or weeks, fatigue (tiredness) can persist for up to a month or more. People who are treated in the hospital may need at least 3 weeks before they can go back to their normal routines. Bacterial Pneumonia Bacterial pneumonia is treated with medicines called antibiotics. You should take antibiotics as your doctor prescribes. You may start to feel better before you finish the medicine, but you should continue taking it as prescribed. If you stop too soon, the pneumonia may come back. Most people begin to improve after 1 to 3 days of antibiotic treatment. This means that they should feel better and have fewer symptoms, such as cough and fever. Viral Pneumonia Antibiotics don't work when the cause of pneumonia is a virus. If you have viral pneumonia, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat it. Viral pneumonia usually improves in 1 to 3 weeks. Treating Severe Symptoms You may need to be treated in a hospital if: Your symptoms are severe You're at risk for complications because of other health problems If the level of oxygen in your bloodstream is low, you may receive oxygen therapy. If you have bacterial pneumonia, your doctor may give you antibiotics through an intravenous (IV) line inserted into a vein. |
Q174 | CURE FOR PNEUMONIA | Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently | pneumonia | treatment | Q174-S2-A2 | 469 | Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia you have and how severe it is. Most people who have community-acquired pneumonia—the most common type of pneumonia—are treated at home. The goals of treatment are to cure the infection and prevent complications. General Treatment If you have pneumonia, follow your treatment plan, take all medicines as prescribed, and get ongoing medical care. Ask your doctor when you should schedule followup care. Your doctor may want you to have a chest x ray to make sure the pneumonia is gone. Although you may start feeling better after a few days or weeks, fatigue (tiredness) can persist for up to a month or more. People who are treated in the hospital may need at least 3 weeks before they can go back to their normal routines. Bacterial Pneumonia Bacterial pneumonia is treated with medicines called antibiotics. You should take antibiotics as your doctor prescribes. You may start to feel better before you finish the medicine, but you should continue taking it as prescribed. If you stop too soon, the pneumonia may come back. Most people begin to improve after 1 to 3 days of antibiotic treatment. This means that they should feel better and have fewer symptoms, such as cough and fever. Viral Pneumonia Antibiotics don't work when the cause of pneumonia is a virus. If you have viral pneumonia, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat it. Viral pneumonia usually improves in 1 to 3 weeks. Treating Severe Symptoms You may need to be treated in a hospital if: Your symptoms are severe You're at risk for complications because of other health problems If the level of oxygen in your bloodstream is low, you may receive oxygen therapy. If you have bacterial pneumonia, your doctor may give you antibiotics through an intravenous (IV) line inserted into a vein. |
Q175 | help | I have back pain. Please help. | back pain | treatment | Q175-S1-A1 | 470 | Most low back pain can be treated without surgery. Treatment involves using over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce discomfort and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation. The goal of treatment is to restore proper function and strength to the back, and prevent recurrence of the injury. Medications are often used to treat acute and chronic low back pain. Effective pain relief may involve a combination of prescription drugs and over-the-counter remedies. Although the use of cold and hot compresses has never been scientifically proven to quickly resolve low back injury, compresses may help reduce pain and inflammation and allow greater mobility for some individuals. Bed rest is recommended for only 1–2 days at most. Individuals should resume activities as soon as possible. Exercise may be the most effective way to speed recovery from low back pain and help strengthen back and abdominal muscles. In the most serious cases, when the condition does not respond to other therapies, surgery may relieve pain caused by back problems or serious musculoskeletal injuries. |
Q176 | Rubella | My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella. I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines. They are living in Mexico right now. Should we be worried? | rubella | prognosis | Q176-S1-A1 | 471 | Rubella is most often a mild infection. After an infection, people have immunity to the disease for the rest of their lives. |
Q177 | recovery after stroke? | what is the pattern of recovery after stroke? | stroke | prognosis | Q177-S1-A1 | 472 | How well a person does after a stroke depends on: - The type of stroke - How much brain tissue is damaged - What body functions have been affected - How quickly treatment is given Problems moving, thinking, and talking often improve in the weeks to months after a stroke. Many people who have had a stroke will keep improving in the months or years after their stroke. Over half of people who have a stroke are able to function and live at home. Others are not able to care for themselves. If treatment with clot-busting drugs is successful, the symptoms of a stroke may go away. However, patients often do not get to the hospital soon enough to receive these drugs, or they can't take these drugs because of a health condition. People who have a stroke from a blood clot (ischemic stroke) have a better chance of surviving than those who have a stroke from bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). The risk for a second stroke is highest during the weeks or months after the first stroke. The risk begins to decrease after this period. |
Q177 | recovery after stroke? | what is the pattern of recovery after stroke? | stroke | prognosis | Q177-S1-A2 | 473 | Although stroke is a disease of the brain, it can affect the entire body. A common disability that results from stroke is complete paralysis on one side of the body, called hemiplegia. A related disability that is not as debilitating as paralysis is one-sided weakness or hemiparesis. Stroke may cause problems with thinking, awareness, attention, learning, judgment, and memory. Stroke survivors often have problems understanding or forming speech. A stroke can lead to emotional problems. Stroke patients may have difficulty controlling their emotions or may express inappropriate emotions. Many stroke patients experience depression. Stroke survivors may also have numbness or strange sensations. The pain is often worse in the hands and feet and is made worse by movement and temperature changes, especially cold temperatures. Recurrent stroke is frequent; about 25 percent of people who recover from their first stroke will have another stroke within 5 years. |
Q178 | Letrozole | Is there information available from women who have or are using it? I'd like to know what their reactions to the drug are. Thank you for your help. | Letrozole | side effects | Q178-S1-A1 | 476 | Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: Less common Bone fracture breast pain chest pain chills, fever, or flu-like symptoms mental depression shortness of breath swelling of the feet or lower legs Rare Continuing or severe nervousness cough dizziness or lightheadedness fainting fast heartbeat heart attack increased sweating nausea pain in the chest, groin, or legs, especially the calves severe and sudden, unexplained shortness of breath severe, sudden headache slurred speech sudden loss of coordination sudden, severe weakness or numbness in the arm or leg vaginal bleeding vision changes Incidence not known Black, tarry stools blindness blurred vision burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings chest discomfort decreased vision dilated neck veins extreme fatigue increased need to urinate irregular breathing irregular heartbeat painful or difficult urination passing urine more often sore throat sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth swollen glands unusual bleeding or bruising unusual tiredness or weakness weight gain wheezing white or brownish vaginal discharge Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: More common Back pain bone pain hot flashes (sudden sweating and feeling of warmth) joint pain muscle pain Less common Anxiety confusion constipation diarrhea dry mouth headache increased thirst loss of appetite or weight loss metallic taste skin rash or itching sleepiness spinning or whirling sensation causing loss of balance stomach pain or upset trouble sleeping vomiting weakness Incidence not known Bad, unusual, or unpleasant (after) taste and thirst being forgetful change in taste dryness of the skin hair loss hives or welts increased appetite irritability nervousness red, sore eyes redness of the skin swelling or inflammation of the mouth Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. |
Q179 | meidcation for ALS patient | what medication and food that can give to ALS patient to help with the slow progession of the disease | als | treatment | Q179-S1-A1 | 477 | No cure has yet been found for ALS. However, the drug riluzole--the only prescribed drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat ALS--prolongs life by 2-3 months but does not relieve symptoms. The FDA has also approved the NeuRx Diaphragm Pacing System, which uses implanted electrodes and a battery pack to cause the diaphragm (breathing muscle) to contract, to help certain individuals who have ALS and breathing problems an average benefit of 16 months before onset of severe respiratory failure. Other treatments are designed to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with ALS. Drugs are available to help individuals with spasticity, pain, panic attacks, and depression. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and rehabilitation may help to prevent joint immobility and slow muscle weakness and atrophy. Individuals with ALS may eventually consider forms of mechanical ventilation (respirators). |
Q180 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | Trying to talk to someone about Vitiligo | vitiligo | information | Q180-S1-A1 | 478 | Vitiligo is a skin condition in which there is a loss of brown color (pigment) from areas of skin, resulting in irregular white patches that feel like normal skin. |
Q180 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | Trying to talk to someone about Vitiligo | vitiligo | information | Q180-S1-A2 | 479 | Summary Vitiligo causes white patches on your skin. It can also affect your eyes, mouth, and nose. It occurs when the cells that give your skin its color are destroyed. No one knows what destroys them. It is more common in people with autoimmune diseases, and it might run in families. It usually starts before age 40. The white patches are more common where your skin is exposed to the sun. In some cases, the patches spread. Vitiligo can cause your hair to gray early. If you have dark skin, you may lose color inside your mouth. Using sunscreen will help protect your skin, and cosmetics can cover up the patches. Treatments for vitiligo include medicines, light therapy, and surgery. Not every treatment is right for everyone. Many have side effects. Some take a long time. Some do not always work. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases |
Q180 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | Trying to talk to someone about Vitiligo | vitiligo | information | Q180-S1-A3 | 480 | Vitiligo is a condition that causes patchy loss of skin coloring (pigmentation). The average age of onset of vitiligo is in the mid-twenties, but it can appear at any age. It tends to progress over time, with larger areas of the skin losing pigment. Some people with vitiligo also have patches of pigment loss affecting the hair on their scalp or body. Researchers have identified several forms of vitiligo. Generalized vitiligo (also called nonsegmental vitiligo), which is the most common form, involves loss of pigment (depigmentation) in patches of skin all over the body. Depigmentation typically occurs on the face, neck, and scalp, and around body openings such as the mouth and genitals. Sometimes pigment is lost in mucous membranes, such as the lips. Loss of pigmentation is also frequently seen in areas that tend to experience rubbing, impact, or other trauma, such as the hands, arms, and places where bones are close to the skin surface (bony prominences). Another form called segmental vitiligo is associated with smaller patches of depigmented skin that appear on one side of the body in a limited area; this occurs in about 10 percent of affected individuals. Vitiligo is generally considered to be an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. In people with vitiligo the immune system appears to attack the pigment cells (melanocytes) in the skin. About 15 to 25 percent of people with vitiligo are also affected by at least one other autoimmune disorder, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, pernicious anemia, Addison disease, or systemic lupus erythematosus. In the absence of other autoimmune conditions, vitiligo does not affect general health or physical functioning. However, concerns about appearance and ethnic identity are significant issues for many affected individuals. |
181 | stopping pregabalin | why is there no info on the withdrawal symptems when stopping pregabalin | pregabalin | tapering | Q181-S1-A1 | 481 | Pregabalin comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken with or without food two or three times a day. Take pregabalin at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of pregabalin and may gradually increase your dose during the first week of treatment. Take pregabalin exactly as directed. Pregabalin may be habit forming. Do not take a larger dose, take it more often, or take it for a longer period of time than prescribed by your doctor. Pregabalin may help control your symptoms but will not cure your condition. It may take several weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of pregabalin. Continue to take pregabalin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking pregabalin without talking to your doctor, even if you experience side effects such as unusual changes in behavior or mood. If you suddenly stop taking pregabalin, you may experience withdrawal symptoms, including trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, or seizures. Your doctor will probably decrease your dose gradually over at least one week. Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with pregabalin and each time you refill your prescription. Read the information carefully and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions. You can also visit the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs) or the manufacturer's website to obtain the Medication Guide. |
182 | null | should Advair and Spiriva be used together? It is my understanding that they are both control meds | Advair | interaction | Q182-S1-A1 | 482 | There were no interactions found in our database between Advair Diskus and Spiriva However, this does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult with your doctor or pharmacist. Advair Diskus is in the drug class bronchodilator combinations. Advair Diskus is used to treat the following conditions: Asthma, Maintenance, COPD, Maintenance. Spiriva is a member of the drug class anticholinergic bronchodilators. Spiriva is used to treat COPD, Maintenance. |
Q183 | null | Kartagener's syndrome. I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. [NAME]. for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you. | kartagener's syndrome | information | Q183-S1-A1 | 483 | Kartagener syndrome is a type of primary ciliary dyskinesia that is also characterized by situs inversus totalis (mirror-image reversal of internal organs). The signs and symptoms vary but may include neonatal respiratory distress; frequent lung, sinus and middle ear infections beginning in early childhood; and infertility.[1][2][3] It can be cause by changes (mutations) in many different genes that are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Although scientists have identified many of the genes associated with Kartagener syndrome, the genetic cause of some cases is unknown.[4][2] There is no cure for Kartagener syndrome. Treatment varies based on the signs and symptoms present in each person but may include airway clearance therapy and antibiotics.[1][2][3] |
Q184 | null | can I use 1yr expired Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic? | Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic | storage and disposal | Q184-S1-A1 | 484 | Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication. |
Q185 | Azithromycin 250mg gluten | Hello can you please tell me if your Azithromycin 250mg tabs are gluten free? Thank you! | Azithromycin 250mg tabs | ingredient | Q185-S1-A1 | 485 | AZITHROMYCIN TABLETS 250 mg and 500 mg To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. DESCRIPTION Azithromycin for oral suspension, USP contain the active ingredient azithromycin, an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics, for oral administration. Azithromycin has the chemical name (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribohexopyranosyl) oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3- (dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one. Azithromycin is derived from erythromycin; however, it differs chemically from erythromycin in that a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom is incorporated into the lactone ring. Its molecular formula is C38H72N2O12, and its molecular weight is 749.00. Azithromycin has the following structural formula: Azithromycin, as the monohydrate, is a white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C38H72N2O12•H2O and a molecular weight of 767.0. Each tablet for oral administration contains azithromycin monohydrate equivalent to either 250 mg or 500 mg azithromycin. In addition each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, partially pregelantinized starch, sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and FD&C Blue No. 2 (500 mg only). |
Q186 | subjective vertigo | Can macular degeneration in only one eye cause dizziness? | dizziness | cause | Q186-S1-A1 | 486 | Lightheadedness occurs when your brain does not get enough blood. This may occur if: - You have a sudden drop in blood pressure. - Your body does not have enough water (is dehydrated) because of vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and other conditions. - You get up too quickly after sitting or lying down (this is more common in older people). Lightheadedness may also occur if you have the flu, low blood sugar, a cold, or allergies. More serious conditions that can lead to light-headedness include: - Heart problems, such as a heart attack or abnormal heart beat - Stroke - Bleeding inside the body - Shock (extreme drop in blood pressure) If any of these serious disorders are present, you will usually also have symptoms like chest pain, a feeling of a racing heart, loss of speech, change in vision, or other symptoms. Vertigo may be due to: - Benign positional vertigo, a spinning feeling that occurs when you move your head - Labyrinthitis, a viral infection of the inner ear that usually follows a cold or flu - Meniere's disease, a common inner ear problem Other causes of lightheadedness or vertigo may include: - Use of certain medicines - Stroke - Multiple sclerosis - Seizures - Brain tumor - Bleeding in the brain |
Q187 | allopurinol and diuretics | I am presently taking 200mg Allopurinol daily for the treatment of Gout. My feet swell. How dangerous is it to take a diuretic.
| allopurinol | interaction | Q187-S1-A1 | 487 | Before taking allopurinol, tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to allopurinol or any other medications. tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox); ampicillin (Polycillin, Principen); anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin); cancer chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and mercaptopurine (Purinethol); chlorpropamide (Diabinese); diuretics ('water pills'); medications that suppress the immune system such as azathioprine (Imuran) and cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); other medications for gout such as probenecid (Benemid) and sulfinpyrazone (Anturane); and tolbutamide (Orinase). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney or liver disease or heart failure. tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking allopurinol, call your doctor. you should know that allopurinol may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you. ask your doctor about the safe use of alcoholic beverages while you are taking allopurinol. Alcohol may decrease the effectiveness of allopurinol. |
Q188 | diarrhea | i had bad diarrhea over the weekend and though how my mother used paregoric, went to the drug store to get some, he said they dont sell it any more HELP | diarrhea | treatment | Q188-S1-A1 | 488 | In most cases of diarrhea, the only treatment necessary is replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate) may help stop diarrhea in adults. However, people with bloody diarrhea—a sign of bacterial or parasitic infection—should not use these medicines. If diarrhea is caused by bacteria or parasites, over-the-counter medicines may prolong the problem, so doctors usually prescribe antibiotics instead. Medications to treat diarrhea in adults can be dangerous for infants and children and should only be given with a doctor’s guidance. |
Q189 | tramadol | how strong is 50mg of tramadol taken twice daily | tramadol | dosage | Q189-S1-A1 | 489 | The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine. For chronic pain: For oral dosage form (extended-release tablets): Adults—At first, 100 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 300 mg per day. Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. For oral dosage form (tablets): Adults and teenagers 16 years of age and older—At first, 50 to 100 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day. Children younger than 16 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. For moderate to severe pain: For oral dosage form (disintegrating tablets): Adults and teenagers 16 years of age and older—At first, 50 to 100 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day. Children younger than 16 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. For oral dosage form (tablets): Adults and teenagers 16 years of age and older—At first, 25 milligrams (mg) per day, taken every morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day. Children younger than 16 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. |
Q190 | Plaquenil | I was recently diagnosed with lupus. A few months prior I had a terrible reaction to levofloxacin. My doctor wants to give me plaquenil. I am concerned as this is in the quinolone family. Should I be concerned? Is this a quinolone drug?
| plaquenil | contraindication | Q190-S1-A1 | 490 | Use of PLAQUENIL is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinoline compounds. |
Q190 | Plaquenil | I was recently diagnosed with lupus. A few months prior I had a terrible reaction to levofloxacin. My doctor wants to give me plaquenil. I am concerned as this is in the quinolone family. Should I be concerned? Is this a quinolone drug?
| plaquenil | information | Q190-S2-A1 | 491 | Description and Brand Names Drug information provided by: Micromedex US Brand Name Plaquenil Descriptions Hydroxychloroquine belongs to the family of medicines called antiprotozoals. Protozoa are tiny, one-celled animals. Some are parasites that can cause many different kinds of infections in the body. This medicine is used to prevent and to treat malaria and to treat some conditions such as liver disease caused by protozoa. It is also used in the treatment of arthritis to help relieve inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain and to help control the symptoms of lupus erythematosus (lupus; SLE). This medicine may be given alone or with one or more other medicines. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Hydroxychloroquine is available only with your doctor's prescription. This product is available in the following dosage forms: Tablet |
Q191 | MMR Vaccine | If you are vaccinated at childhood, do you need to get the vaccine again if you are going to country where there is a measles epidemic? | MMR Vaccine | usage | Q191-S1-A1 | 492 | Children should get 2 doses of MMR vaccine: First Dose: 12-15 months of age Second Dose: 4-6 years of age (may be given earlier, if at least 28 days after the 1st dose) Some infants younger than 12 months should get a dose of MMR if they are traveling out of the country. (This dose will not count toward their routine series.) Some adults should also get MMR vaccine: Generally, anyone 18 years of age or older who was born after 1956 should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine, unless they can show that they have either been vaccinated or had all three diseases. MMR vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Children between 1 and 12 years of age can get a "combination" vaccine called MMRV, which contains both MMR and varicella (chickenpox) vaccines. There is a separate Vaccine Information Statement for MMRV. |
Q192 | Arthritis | Is the medication Trimethoprim/ sulfamethozle useful in arthritis.? Thank you | Trimethoprim/ sulfamethozle | indication | Q192-S1-A1 | 493 | To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) tablets and other antibacterial drugs, Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to empiric selection of therapy. Urinary Tract Infections: For the treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. It is recommended that initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections be treated with a single effective antibacterial agent rather than the combination. Acute Otitis Media: For the treatment of acute otitis media in pediatric patients due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae when in the judgment of the physician sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim offers some advantage over the use of other antimicrobial agents. To date, there are limited data on the safety of repeated use of BACTRIM in pediatric patients under two years of age. BACTRIM is not indicated for prophylactic or prolonged administration in otitis media at any age. Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis in Adults: For the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae when a physician deems that BACTRIM could offer some advantage over the use of a single antimicrobial agent. Shigellosis: For the treatment of enteritis caused by susceptible strains of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei when antibacterial therapy is indicated. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia: For the treatment of documented Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and for prophylaxis against P. jiroveci pneumonia in individuals who are immunosuppressed and considered to be at an increased risk of developing P. jiroveci pneumonia. Traveler's Diarrhea in Adults: For the treatment of traveler's diarrhea due to susceptible strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli. |
Q193 | bathing | Can I go in tub , pool or shower while wearing the lidocaine patch? If not, can I take off the patch (2or 3), and put a new one on in a different area for the remainder of the 12 hr. "on" period | lidocaine patch | usage | Q193-S1-A1 | 494 | Lidocaine comes as a patch to apply to the skin. It is applied only once a day as needed for pain. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use lidocaine patches exactly as directed. Your doctor will tell you how many lidocaine patches you may use at one time and the length of time you may wear the patches. Never apply more than three patches at one time, and never wear patches for more than 12 hours per day. Using too many patches or leaving patches on for too long may cause serious side effects. To apply the patches, follow these steps: Look at the skin that you plan to cover with a lidocaine patch. If the skin is broken or blistered, do not apply a patch to that area. Use scissors to remove the outer seal from the package. Then pull apart the zipper seal. Remove up to three patches from the package and press the zipper seal tightly together. The remaining patches may dry out if the zipper seal is not tightly closed. Cut patch(es) to the size and shape that will cover your most painful area. Peel the transparent liner off the back of the patch(es). Press the patch(es) firmly onto your skin. If you are applying a patch to your face, be careful not to let it touch your eyes. If you do get lidocaine in your eye, wash it with plenty of water or saline solution. Wash your hands after handling lidocaine patches. Do not reuse lidocaine patches. After you are finished using a patch, remove it and dispose of it out of reach of children and pets. Used patches contain enough medication to seriously harm a child or pet. |
Q194 | inf-medication | I would like information on this medicinal - BUPROPION 100MG To use it and what are the side effects of the drug. | BUPROPION | usage | Q194-S1-A1 | 495 | Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets USP (SR) are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The efficacy of bupropion in the treatment of a major depressive episode was established in two 4-week controlled trials of depressed inpatients and in one 6-week controlled trial of depressed outpatients whose diagnoses corresponded most closely to the Major Depression category of the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies the presence of 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure; in addition, at least 5 of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning: depressed mood, markedly diminished interest or pleasure in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation. The efficacy of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets USP (SR) in maintaining an antidepressant response for up to 44 weeks following 8 weeks of acute treatment was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Nevertheless, the physician who elects to use bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets USP (SR) for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. |
Q194 | inf-medication | I would like information on this medicinal - BUPROPION 100MG To use it and what are the side effects of the drug. | BUPROPION | side effects | Q194-S2-A1 | 496 | The information included under the Incidence in Controlled Trials subsection of ADVERSE REACTIONS is based primarily on data from controlled clinical trials with Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (SR). Information on additional adverse events associated with the extended-release formulation of bupropion in smoking cessation trials, as well as the immediate-release formulation of bupropion, is included in a separate section (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Other Events Observed During the Clinical Development and Postmarketing Experience of Bupropion). Incidence in Controlled Trials with Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (SR) Adverse Events Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment Among Patients Treated with Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (SR) In placebo-controlled clinical trials, 9% and 11% of patients treated with 300 mg/day and 400 mg/day, respectively, of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and 4% of patients treated with placebo discontinued treatment due to adverse events. The specific adverse events in these trials that led to discontinuation in at least 1% of patients treated with either 300 mg/day or 400 mg/day of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and at a rate at least twice the placebo rate are listed in Table 4. Adverse Events Occurring at an Incidence of 1% or More Among Patients Treated with Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (SR) Table 5 enumerates treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred among patients treated with 300 mg/day and 400 mg/day of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and with placebo in placebo-controlled trials. Events that occurred in either the 300-mg/day or 400-mg/day group at an incidence of 1% or more and were more frequent than in the placebo group are included. Reported adverse events were classified using a COSTART-based Dictionary. Accurate estimates of the incidence of adverse events associated with the use of any drug are difficult to obtain. Estimates are influenced by drug dose, detection technique, setting, physician judgments, etc. The figures cited cannot be used to predict precisely the incidence of untoward events in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those that prevailed in the clinical trials. These incidence figures also cannot be compared with those obtained from other clinical studies involving related drug products as each group of drug trials is conducted under a different set of conditions. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the tabulation does not reflect the relative severity and/or clinical importance of the events. A better perspective on the serious adverse events associated with the use of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) is provided in the WARNINGSand PRECAUTIONSsections. Incidence of Commonly Observed Adverse Events in Controlled Clinical Trials Adverse events from Table 5 occurring in at least 5% of patients treated with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and at a rate at least twice the placebo rate are listed below for the 300-mg/day and 400-mg/day dose groups. Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (SR) 300 mg/day: Anorexia, dry mouth, rash, sweating, tinnitus and tremor. Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (SR) 400 mg/day: Abdominal pain, agitation, anxiety, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, myalgia, nausea, palpitation, pharyngitis, sweating, tinnitus and urinary frequency. Other Events Observed During the Clinical Development and Postmarketing Experience of Bupropion In addition to the adverse events noted above, the following events have been reported in clinical trials and postmarketing experience with the extended-release (SR) formulation of bupropion in depressed patients and in nondepressed smokers, as well as in clinical trials and postmarketing clinical experience with the immediate-release formulation of bupropion. Adverse events for which frequencies are provided below occurred in clinical trials with the extended-release formulation of bupropion (SR). The frequencies represent the proportion of patients who experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event on at least one occasion in placebo-controlled studies for depression (n = 987) or smoking cessation (n = 1,013) or patients who experienced an adverse event requiring discontinuation of treatment in an open-label surveillance study with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) (n = 3,100). All treatment-emergent adverse events are included except those listed in Tables 2 through 5, those events listed in other safety-related sections, those adverse events subsumed under COSTART terms that are either overly general or excessively specific so as to be uninformative, those events not reasonably associated with the use of the drug and those events that were not serious and occurred in fewer than 2 patients. Events of major clinical importance are described in the WARNINGSand PRECAUTIONSsections of the labeling. Events are further categorized by body system and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions of frequency: Frequent adverse events are defined as those occurring in at least 1/100 patients. Infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1,000 patients, while rare events are those occurring in less than 1/1,000 patients. Adverse events for which frequencies are not provided occurred in clinical trials or postmarketing experience with bupropion. Only those adverse events not previously listed for extended-release bupropion (SR) are included. The extent to which these events may be associated with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are unknown. Body (General):Infrequent were chills, facial edema, musculoskeletal chest pain and photosensitivity. Rare was malaise. Also observed were arthralgia, myalgia and fever with rash and other symptoms suggestive of delayed hypersensitivity. These symptoms may resemble serum sickness (see PRECAUTIONS). Cardiovascular:Infrequent were postural hypotension, stroke, tachycardia and vasodilation. Rare was syncope. Also observed were complete atrioventricular block, extrasystoles, hypotension, hypertension (in some cases severe, see PRECAUTIONS), myocardial infarction, phlebitis and pulmonary embolism. Digestive:Infrequent were abnormal liver function, bruxism, gastric reflux, gingivitis, glossitis, increased salivation, jaundice, mouth ulcers, stomatitis and thirst. Rare was edema of tongue. Also observed were colitis, esophagitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gum hemorrhage, hepatitis, intestinal perforation, liver damage, pancreatitis and stomach ulcer. Endocrine:Also observed were hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Hemic and Lymphatic:Infrequent was ecchymosis. Also observed were anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Altered PT and/or INR, infrequently associated with hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications, were observed when bupropion was co-administered with warfarin. Metabolic and Nutritional:Infrequent were edema and peripheral edema. Also observed was glycosuria. Musculoskeletal:Infrequent were leg cramps. Also observed were muscle rigidity/fever/rhabdomyolysis and muscle weakness. Nervous System:Infrequent were abnormal coordination, decreased libido, depersonalization, dysphoria, emotional lability, hostility, hyperkinesia, hypertonia, hypesthesia, suicidal ideation and vertigo. Rare were amnesia, ataxia, derealization and hypomania. Also observed were abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), akinesia, aggression, aphasia, coma, completed suicide, delirium, delusions, dysarthria, dyskinesia, dystonia, euphoria, extrapyramidal syndrome, hallucinations, hypokinesia, increased libido, manic reaction, neuralgia, neuropathy, paranoid ideation, restlessness, suicide attempt and unmasking tardive dyskinesia. Respiratory:Rare was bronchospasm. Also observed was pneumonia. Skin:Rare was maculopapular rash. Also observed were alopecia, angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis and hirsutism. Special Senses:Infrequent were accommodation abnormality and dry eye. Also observed were deafness, diplopia, increased intraocular pressure and mydriasis. Urogenital:Infrequent were impotence, polyuria and prostate disorder. Also observed were abnormal ejaculation, cystitis, dyspareunia, dysuria, gynecomastia, menopause, painful erection, salpingitis, urinary incontinence, urinary retention and vaginitis. |
Q195 | null | If both parents carry the EVC gene which is responsible for the Ellis-Van Crevald Syndrome, will all their offspring be affected with the syndrome? | Ellis-Van Crevald Syndrome | inheritance | Q195-S1-A1 | 497 | This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. |
Q196 | null | Is there any information regarding adults having any benefits from taking Guanfacine extended-release (long-acting) tablets for ADHD?
| Guanfacine | indication | Q196-S1-A1 | 498 | Guanfacine tablets (Tenex) are used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Guanfacine extended-release (long-acting) tablets (Intuniv) are used as part of a treatment program to control symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; more difficulty focusing, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet than other people who are the same age) in children. Guanfacine is in a class of medications called centrally acting alpha2A-adrenergic receptor agonists. Guanfacine treats high blood pressure by decreasing heart rate and relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body. Guanfacine extended-release tablets may treat ADHD by affecting the part of the brain that controls attention and impulsivity. High blood pressure is a common condition and when not treated, can cause damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidneys and other parts of the body. Damage to these organs may cause heart disease, a heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, loss of vision, and other problems. In addition to taking medication, making lifestyle changes will also help to control your blood pressure. These changes include eating a diet that is low in fat and salt, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising at least 30 minutes most days, not smoking, and using alcohol in moderation. |
Q196 | null | Is there any information regarding adults having any benefits from taking Guanfacine extended-release (long-acting) tablets for ADHD?
| Guanfacine | indication | Q196-S1-A2 | 499 | Guanfacine is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled. Guanfacine works by controlling the nerve impulses along certain nerve pathways. As a result, it relaxes the blood vessels so that blood passes through them more easily. This helps to lower blood pressure. Guanfacine extended-release tablets are also used alone or together with other medicines to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. It works in the treatment of ADHD by increasing attention and decreasing restlessness in children and adults who are overactive, cannot concentrate for very long, or are easily distracted and impulsive. This medicine is used as part of a total treatment program that also includes social, educational, and psychological treatment. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. This product is available in the following dosage forms: Tablet Tablet, Extended Release |
Q197 | outdated tetracycline | Is it safe to take outdated tetracycline? | tetracycline | storage and disposal | Q197-S1-A1 | 500 | Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication. |
Q198 | Duloxetine Hcl Dr | When is the best time of day to take Duloxetine Hcl Caps AM or PM | Duloxetine | usage | Q198-S1-A1 | 501 | Duloxetine comes as a delayed-release (releases the medication in the intestine to prevent break-down of the medication by stomach acids) capsule to take by mouth. When duloxetine is used to treat depression, it is usually taken once or twice a day with or without food. When duloxetine is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, the pain of diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, or ongoing bone or muscle pain, it is usually taken once a day with or without food. Take duloxetine at around the same time(s) every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take duloxetine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it, take it more often, or take it for a longer time than prescribed by your doctor. Swallow the delayed-release capsules whole; do not split, chew, or crush them. Do not open the delayed-release capsules and mix the contents with liquids or sprinkle the contents on food. Your doctor may start you on a low dose of medication and increase your dose after one week. Duloxetine may help control your symptoms but will not cure your condition. It may take 1 to 4 weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of duloxetine. Continue to take duloxetine even if you feel well. Do not stop taking duloxetine without talking to your doctor. Your doctor will probably decrease your dose gradually. If you suddenly stop taking duloxetine, you may experience withdrawal symptoms such as nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; anxiety; dizziness; tiredness; headache; pain, burning, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet; irritability; difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep; sweating; and nightmares. Tell your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms when your dose of duloxetine is decreased. |
Q199 | Peptic Ulcers & Tylenol | I have a history of peptic ulcers, so I don't take aspirin or anything that contains it. However, I still experience ulcerative pain when I take Tylenol, especially on the second day of it's administration in recommended doses. Why is this so?
| Tylenol | contraindication | Q199-S1-A1 | 502 | Liver warning: This product contains acetaminophen. Severe liver damage may occur if: • adult takes more than 12 caplets in 24 hours, which is the maximum daily amount • child takes more than 5 doses in 24 hours, which is the maximum daily amount • taken with other drugs containing acetaminophen • adult has 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day while using this product. Do not use • with any other drug containing acetaminophen (prescription or nonprescription). If you are not sure whether a drug contains acetaminophen, ask a doctor or pharmacist. • if you are allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients in this product Stop use and ask a doctor if • pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days in adults • pain gets worse or lasts more than 5 days in children under 12 years • fever gets worse or lasts more than 3 days • new symptoms occur • redness or swelling is present These could be signs of a serious condition. If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use. Keep out of reach of children. Ask a doctor before use if the user has liver disease Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if the user is taking blood thinning drug warfarin. |
Q200 | null | What is Nephrotic Syndrome. What are its causes and cures? | Nephrotic Syndrome | information | Q200-S1-A1 | 503 | Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms that indicate kidney damage. Nephrotic syndrome includes the following: proteinuria—large amounts of protein in the urine hyperlipidemia—higher than normal fat and cholesterol levels in the blood edema, or swelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often in the hands or face hypoalbuminia—low levels of albumin in the blood Albumin is a protein that acts like a sponge, drawing extra fluid from the body into the bloodstream where it remains until removed by the kidneys. When albumin leaks into the urine, the blood loses its capacity to absorb extra fluid from the body, causing edema. Nephrotic syndrome results from a problem with the kidneys’ filters, called glomeruli. Glomeruli are tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that remove wastes and excess fluids from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine. As blood passes through healthy kidneys, the glomeruli filter out the waste products and allow the blood to retain cells and proteins the body needs. However, proteins from the blood, such as albumin, can leak into the urine when the glomeruli are damaged. In nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli allow 3 grams or more of protein to leak into the urine when measured over a 24-hour period, which is more than 20 times the amount that healthy glomeruli allow. |
Q200 | null | What is Nephrotic Syndrome. What are its causes and cures? | Nephrotic Syndrome | cause | Q200-S2-A1 | 504 | Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by diseases that affect only the kidneys, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or membranous nephropathy. Diseases that affect only the kidneys are called primary causes of nephrotic syndrome. The glomeruli are usually the targets of these diseases for reasons that are not fully understood. In FSGS—the most common primary cause of nephrotic syndrome—scar tissue forms in parts of the glomeruli. In membranous nephropathy, immune molecules form harmful deposits on the glomeruli. Nephrotic syndrome can also be caused by systemic diseases, which are diseases that affect many parts of the body, such as diabetes or lupus. Systemic diseases that affect the kidneys are called secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome. More than 50 percent of nephrotic syndrome cases in adults have secondary causes, with diabetes being the most common. |
Q200 | null | What is Nephrotic Syndrome. What are its causes and cures? | Nephrotic Syndrome | treatment | Q200-S3-A1 | 505 | Treating nephrotic syndrome includes addressing the underlying cause as well as taking steps to reduce high blood pressure, edema, high cholesterol, and the risks of infection. Treatment usually includes medications and changes in diet. Medications that lower blood pressure can also significantly slow the progression of kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome. Two types of blood pressure lowering medications, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have proven effective in slowing the progression of kidney disease by reducing the pressure inside the glomeruli and thereby reducing proteinuria. Many people require two or more medications to control their blood pressure. In addition to an ACE inhibitor or an ARB, a diuretic—a medication that aids the kidneys in removing fluid from the blood—can also be useful in helping to reduce blood pressure as well as edema. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and other blood pressure medications may also be needed. Statin medications may be given to lower cholesterol. People with nephrotic syndrome should receive the pneumococcal vaccine, which helps protect against a bacterium that commonly causes infection, and yearly flu shots. Blood thinning medications are usually only given to people with nephrotic syndrome who develop a blood clot; these medications are not used as a preventive measure. Nephrotic syndrome may go away once the underlying cause has been treated. More information about treating the underlying causes of nephrotic syndrome is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Glomerular Diseases. |
questionid | subject | message | focus | type | answerid | pairid | answer |
null | Lyme Disease | 12 years ago I was bitten by tick while deer hunting. The bite area contained the ring as described in Lyme Disease symptoms. I was treated with antibiotics; however, ever since that time I have many of the symptoms cited for Lyme. Also, usually prior to, and during these symptoms I have a reddish-pink welt appear at the site of the bite on my groin. Can you offer any enlightment on my condition? | Lyme Disease | Information | null | null | Lyme disease tests are used to determine if a person with characteristic symptoms has been infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. If the doctor suspects a recent infection, then she may order both an IgM and IgG antibody blood test. If they are negative but symptoms persist, then the tests may be ordered again a few weeks later…Lyme disease can sometimes be challenging to diagnose |
null | Raynauds Syndrome | My sons middle toe turned white after being in his dorm for a few hours without heat. We were wondering why all his toes did not change colors. | Raynauds Syndrome | Symptom | null | null | Only one finger or toe or parts of one or more may be affected. |
null | burn to my wrist | Hello I burnt my wrist 2 days ago and after last night ive woken up with a swollen had its really noticeable to other people but I ca feel the skin has gone tight when I put it against the other hand you can see its bigger what should I do about this? | burn | Treatment | null | null | Before giving first aid, it is important to determine what type of burn the person has. If you aren't sure, treat it as a major burn. Serious burns need immediate medical care. Call your local emergency number or 911. |
null | treatment of parkinson | I AM HAVING PARKINSON FOR LAST 8 YEARS. SO FAR IT WAS ONLY SOME, SHAKING MY RIGHT HAND.NOW IT IS ON INCREASE. I AM 84, AND HAVING SKIN PROBLEM.I AM SCARED OF INCREASING DOSAGE, AS IT SEEMS TO POSSIBLY AFFECT SKIN PROBLEM. PLS SUGGEST ANY CARE I NEED TO TAKE.I WOULD BE GRATEFUL , FOR YOUR KIND ADVISE. | Parkinson | Treatment | null | null | you should know that people who have Parkinson's disease have a higher risk of melanoma (a type of skin cancer) than people who do not have Parkinson's disease. It is not known whether this increased risk is caused by Parkinson's disease, medications used for Parkinson's disease such as rasagiline, or other factors. You should have regular visits with a dermatologist to examine your skin for melanoma |
null | Periventricular Heterotopia. Scoliosis - possibility of a known link ? | Question in laymen terms: Has any genetic or other correlation ever been made between these two diagnosis? My 59 y.o. sister has a diagnosis of Periventricular Heterotopia. Her 30 y.o. daughter has been suffering with same for last 15 years. Her 37 Y.O. daughter is clinically full-care retarded (since infancy) and has severe idiopathic scoliosis. I have severe idiopathic scoliosis. I use the term "severe"; to express debilitating and multiple fusion surgeries. All four of my generation female siblings have a level of scoliosis. FYI: this PH sister died last week, her remains are at the University of Rochester | Periventricular Heterotopia/ Scoliosis | information | null | null | Isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) is a condition that affects brain development before birth. Children with ILS often develop muscle stiffness (spasticity) in their arms and legs and an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis). |
null | null | WHAT IS THE LATTEST RESEARCH ON USING D-Limonene AS A TREATMENT FOR CANCER?? PARTICULLARY SKIN CANCER?? | skin cancer | Treatment | null | null | Treatment options depend on the following: The stage of the cancer (whether it has spread deeper into the skin or to other places in the body). The type of cancer. The size of the tumor and what part of the body it affects. The patient’s general health. |
null | Details about Caustic Soda Poison | Hello, i'm writing from Mauritius and my name is Ms Doriana. A member of my family swallowed a poison which is name caustic soda. He is actually in the hospital suffering a lot. Is there any suggestion please to help him to be better or to relieve his pain? | swallowed a poison which is name caustic soda | Treatment | null | null | Treatment depends on how the poisoning occurred. You will be given pain medicine. |
null | intestines digestion and absorption | kindly explain the general effects of smoking or rather the effects of nicotine to digestion and arbsoption | smoking | Complication | null | null | What are the other harmful effects of smoking on the digestive system? Smoking contributes to many common disorders of the digestive system, such as heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and some liver diseases. Smoking increases the risk of Crohn's disease, colon polyps, and pancreatitis, and it may increase the risk of gallstones. |
null | Pap smear for Cervical cancer | I had a full hysterectomy in 2006, do I still need to have a pap smear? | pap smear/full hysterectomy | Indication | null | null | I’ve had a hysterectomy. Do I still need to have Pap tests? Maybe. You will still need regular Pap tests (or Pap smear) to screen for cervical cancer if you: Did not have your cervix removed Had a hysterectomy because of cancer or precancer Ask your doctor what is best for you and how often you should have Pap tests. |
null | Testing for Spina bifida military lost all my records | I have a dy lumbar puncture that shows two chambers dye did not go further then l4-l5 I have a sixth lumbar upper back deformed spinal cord hematoma on T12 no disk between t2-t3 I have bladder and loss of feeling in right leg I have full medical benifits as an incapacitated child from the military either my new base doctor is unfamiliar with my condition or refuses to acknowledge my problems I told him I have digestive issues and needed my usual meds he treated me like it was due to other meds I get treated so unfairly and badly because I am so young and do t fit the worst form of Spina bifida to top it off now they lost all my child hood care records and this is leaving me defending myself against military doctors when all the tests I can think of have been do e again MRI shows bone birth defects but the dual spinal chambers was shown in a dye lumbar puncture is there a sure fire test they can do that will shut them up an say yep this is what it is | Spina bifida | Diagnosis | null | null | How is it diagnosed? In most cases, spina bifida is diagnosed prenatally, or before birth. However, some mild cases may go unnoticed until after birth (postnatal). Very mild forms (spinal bifida occulta), in which there are no symptoms, may never be detected. Postnatal Diagnosis Mild cases of spina bifida (occulta, closed) not diagnosed during prenatal testing may be detected postnatally by plain film X-ray examination. Individuals with the more severe forms of spina bifida often have muscle weakness in their feet, hips, and legs that result in deformities that may be present at birth. Doctors may use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a computed tomography (CT) scan to get a clearer view of the spinal cord and vertebrae. If hydrocephalus is suspected, the doctor may request a CT scan and/or X-ray of the skull to look for extra cerebrospinal fluid inside the brain. |
null | Help for my diagnose | I have been diagnosed with SCA3. I was wondering if MedlinePlus is able to help me with resources that I may need on my journey through this disease? If not, can you help me find an organization or association that can help me. | SCA3 | Organization | null | null | Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (often shortened to SCA3) On this page: Description Genetic changes Inheritance Diagnosis Additional information Other names Glossary definitions |