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Executive agreements are negotiated by the president, and in the case of sole executive agreements, they are simultaneously approved by the president as well. | Executive agreements |
Additionally, he outlined with Secretary of State Henry Stimson the Hoover - Stimson Doctrine, which announced that the United States would never recognize claims to territories seized by force( a direct response to the recent Japanese invasion of Manchuria). | the Hoover - Stimson Doctrine |
A foodborne disease( colloquially called “ food poisoning ”) is an illness resulting from the consumption the pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or other parasites that contaminate food. | A foodborne disease food poisoning |
Sociology is the study of groups and group interactions, societies and social interactions, from small and personal groups to very large groups. | Sociology |
In short, collective behavior is any group behavior that is not mandated or regulated by an institution. | collective behavior |
The easiest switch would be to a majoritarian voting scheme, in which a candidate wins only if he or she enjoys the support of a majority of voters. | a majoritarian voting scheme |
Individuals who experience depersonalization might believe their thoughts and feelings are not their own ; they may feel robotic as though they lack control over their movements and speech ; they may experience a distorted sense of time and, in extreme cases, they may sense an “ out - of - body ” experience in which they see themselves from the vantage point of another person. | depersonalization |
Dorsiflexion is a bending at the ankle such that the toes are lifted toward the knee. | Dorsiflexion |
The price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good or service divided by the percentage change in the price. | The price elasticity of demand |
The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population is called genetic variance. | genetic variance |
The point where the supply curve( S) and the demand curve( D) cross, designated by point E in, is called the equilibrium. | the equilibrium |
Jet lag is a collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment. | Jet lag |
Under the Articles of Confederation( the first constitution of the United States), states were sovereign and powerful while the national government was subordinate and weak. | the Articles of Confederation |
As cardiac output increases, the number of capillaries and arteries that are perfused( filled with blood) increases. | perfused |
On their reservation, the Sioux had begun to perform the “ Ghost Dance, ” which told of an Indian Messiah who would deliver the tribe from its hardship, with such frequency that white settlers began to worry that another uprising would occur. | the “ Ghost Dance , ” |
An organic compound is a chemical compound that contains carbon, such as carbon dioxide obtained from the atmosphere. | An organic compound |
The apical surface of each villus has many microscopic projections called microvilli. | microvilli |
Linkage analysis involves studying the recombination frequency between any two genes. | Linkage analysis |
The auditory cortex, the main area responsible for processing auditory information, is located within the temporal lobe. | The auditory cortex |
In his book The Power Elite( 1956), sociologist C. Wright Mills described the existence of what he dubbed the power elite, a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources. | the power elite |
Pine cones, mature fronds of ferns, and flowers are all sporophylls — leaves that were modified structurally to bear sporangia. | sporophylls |
As revolutionary rhetoric emanating from Bolshevik Russia intensified in 1918 and 1919, a Red Scare erupted in the United States over fear that Communist infiltrators sought to overthrow the American government as part of an international revolution. | a Red Scare |
General relativity encompasses special relativity and classical relativity in situations where acceleration is zero and relative velocity is small compared with the speed of light. | General relativity |
Unilateral descent( the tracing of kinship through one parent only) is practiced in the other 40 percent of the world ’s societies, with high concentration in pastoral cultures( O’Neal 2006). | Unilateral descent |
Psychoactive drugs can act as agonists or antagonists for a given neurotransmitter system. | Psychoactive drugs |
Cartilage is a connective tissue with a large amount of the matrix and variable amounts of fibers. | Cartilage |
Open market operations take place when the central bank sells or buys U.S. Treasury bonds in order to influence the quantity of bank reserves and the level of interest rates. | Open market operations |
Kennedy also established the Agency for International Development to oversee the distribution of foreign aid, and he founded the Peace Corps, which recruited idealistic young people to undertake humanitarian projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. | the Peace Corps |
A credit union is a nonprofit financial institution that its members own and run. | A credit union |
Gage 's case occurred in the midst of a 19th century debate over localization — regarding whether certain areas of the brain are associated with particular functions. | localization |
It is important to distinguish between de jure segregation( segregation that is enforced by law) and de facto segregation( segregation that occurs without laws but because of other factors). | de jure segregation de facto segregation |
The filament supports the anther, where the microspores are produced by meiosis and develop into pollen grains. | The filament |
In 2010, the Supreme Court ’s ruling on Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission led to the removal of spending limits on corporations. | Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission |
While an algorithm must be followed exactly to produce a correct result, a heuristic is a general problem - solving framework( Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). | a heuristic |
Medicaid( which provides medical assistance to the indigent), Medicare( which provides health insurance to the elderly and disabled), and school nutrition programs were created. | Medicaid Medicare |
Internal receptors, also known as intracellular or cytoplasmic receptors, are found in the cytoplasm of the cell and respond to hydrophobic ligand molecules that are able to travel across the plasma membrane. | Internal receptors intracellular or cytoplasmic receptors |
A solenoid is a long coil of wire( with many turns or loops, as opposed to a flat loop). | A solenoid |
Some offer material incentives, which are tangible benefits of joining a group. | material incentives |
Manifest content is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream. | Manifest content |
Locke called this implicit agreement between a people and their government the social contract. | the social contract |
Until then most scholars had thought of federalism as a layer cake, but according to Grodzins the 1930s ushered in “ marble - cake federalism ” : “ | “ marble - cake federalism ” |
The Fifteenth Amendment gave men the right to vote regardless of race or color, but women were still prohibited from voting in most states. | The Fifteenth Amendment |
Thus, a confederation was created — an entity in which independent, self - governing states form a union for the purpose of acting together in areas such as defense. | a confederation |
Convection is the heat transfer by the macroscopic movement of a fluid. | Convection |
The medulla controls the automatic processes of the autonomic nervous system, such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate. | The medulla |
Chemiosmosis, a process of ATP production in cellular metabolism, is used to generate 90 percent of the ATP made during glucose catabolism and is also the method used in the light reactions of photosynthesis to harness the energy of sunlight. | Chemiosmosis |
Ependymal cells line fluid - filled ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. | Ependymal cells |
Positive polarity means that the genomic RNA can serve directly as mRNA. | Positive polarity |
One policy category, known as distributive policy, tends to collect payments or resources from many but concentrates direct benefits on relatively few. | distributive policy |
The first is to rely on heuristics, shortcuts or rules of thumb( cues) for decision making. | heuristics |
A total institution is one in which inmates or military soldiers live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization takes place. | A total institution |
Traditionally, ecologists have measured biodiversity, a general term for the variety present in the biosphere, by taking into account both the number of species and their commonness. | biodiversity |
The driving force puts energy into the system at a certain frequency, not necessarily the same as the natural frequency of the system. | The driving force |
The world ’s great economic success stories in the last few decades began in the 1970s with that group of nations sometimes known as the East Asian Tigers : South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore. | the East Asian Tigers |
The challenge is that these products, which are multiplying at alarming rates thanks in part to planned obsolescence( the designing of products to quickly become outdated and then be replaced by the constant emergence of newer and cheaper electronics), have toxic chemicals and precious metals in them, which makes for a dangerous combination. | planned obsolescence |
Infinite elasticity or perfect elasticity refers to the extreme case where either the quantity demanded( Qd) or supplied( Qs) changes by an infinite amount in response to any change in price at all. | Infinite elasticity perfect elasticity |
Together, all three are known as the pericarp. | the pericarp |
Saliva also contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that begins the process of converting starches in the food into a disaccharide called maltose. | salivary amylase |
Structural isomers( like butane and isobutene shown in a) differ in the placement of their covalent bonds : both molecules have four carbons and ten hydrogens( C4H10), but the different arrangement of the atoms within the molecules leads to differences in their chemical properties. | Structural isomers |
The female gonads are the ovaries ; the male gonads are the testes. | the ovaries the testes |
In this stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. | this stage |
Circumduction is the movement of a limb in a circular motion, as in moving the arm in a circular motion. | Circumduction |
The auditory cortex, the main area responsible for processing auditory information, is located within the temporal lobe. | The auditory cortex |
The term strobilus( plural = strobili) describes a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in cones. | strobilus |
Interior to the tympanum is the middle ear. | the middle ear |
Today, modern liberalism focuses on equality and supports government intervention in society and the economy if it promotes equality. | modern liberalism |
The peduncle attaches the flower to the plant. | The peduncle |
The Medicare payroll tax is also called a proportional tax ; that is, a flat percentage of all wages earned. | a proportional tax |
A group of firms that have a formal agreement to collude to produce the monopoly output and sell at the monopoly price is called a cartel. | a cartel |
Extant members of Cephalochordata are the lancelets, named for their blade - like shape. | the lancelets |
The vegetative stage consists of a tangle of slender thread - like structures called hyphae( singular, hypha), whereas the reproductive stage can be more conspicuous. | hyphae |
Ammonia can be used by plants or converted to other forms. Another source of ammonia is ammonification, the process by which ammonia is released during the decomposition of nitrogen - containing organic compounds. | ammonification |
The cell is in a quiescent( inactive) stage that occurs when cells exit the cell cycle. | quiescent |
Pregnancy begins with the fertilization of an egg and continues through to the birth of the individual. | Pregnancy |
Socialism is an economic system in which there is government ownership( often referred to as “ state run ”) of goods and their production, with an impetus to share work and wealth equally among the members of a society. | Socialism |
The third column shows marginal utility, which is the additional utility provided by one additional unit of consumption. | marginal utility |
Species dispersion patterns( or distribution patterns) show the spatial relationship between members of a population within a habitat at a particular point in time. | Species dispersion patterns distribution patterns |
Reproductive cloning is a method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism. | Reproductive cloning |
The iliac artery takes blood to the lower limbs. | The iliac artery |
Consequently, land plants and closely related green algae are now part of a new monophyletic group called Streptophyta. | Streptophyta |
Article II of the Constitution lays out the agreed - upon requirements — the chief executive must be at least thirty - five years old and a “ natural born ” citizen of the United States( or a citizen at the time of the Constitution ’s adoption) who has been an inhabitant of the United States for at least fourteen years. | Article II of the Constitution |
When similar characteristics occur because of environmental constraints and not due to a close evolutionary relationship, it is called an analogy or homoplasy. | an analogy homoplasy |
Appositional growth is the increase in the diameter of bones by the addition of bony tissue at the surface of bones. | Appositional growth |
The cells in the tubules are called flame cells( or protonephridia) because they have a cluster of cilia that looks like a flickering flame when viewed under the microscope, as illustrated ina. | flame cells protonephridia |
For example, palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, is derived from the palm tree. | palmitic acid |
A monetary policy that lowers interest rates and stimulates borrowing is known as an expansionary monetary policy or loose monetary policy. | an expansionary monetary policy loose monetary policy |
Until adolescence, hyaline cartilage persists at the epiphyseal plate( growth plate), which is the region between the diaphysis and epiphysis that is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones. | the epiphyseal plate growth plate |
The plan featured a bicameral or two - house legislature, with an upper and a lower house. | a bicameral |
Organisms that are all members of the same species are called conspecifics.) | conspecifics |
Adopted in 1791, the bill consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution and outlined many of the personal rights state constitutions already guaranteed. | the bill |
Strobili are cone - like structures that contain sporangia. | Strobili |
The rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities is called the metabolic rate. | the metabolic rate |
Ethnography is the extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting. | Ethnography |
Mature mammalian red blood cells are not capable of aerobic respiration — the process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen — and glycolysis is their sole source of ATP. | aerobic respiration |
Industrial - Organizational psychology( I - O psychology) is a subfield of psychology that applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings. | Industrial - Organizational psychology I - O psychology |
This kind of test relies on one of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud — projection — as a way to assess unconscious processes. | This kind of test |
A savings account typically pays some interest rate, but getting the money typically requires you to make a trip to the bank or an automatic teller machine( or you can access the funds electronically). | A savings account |
A soft peg is the name for an exchange rate policy where the government usually allows the exchange rate to be set by the market, but in some cases, especially if the exchange rate seems to be moving rapidly in one direction, the central bank will intervene in the market. | A soft peg |
A third very interesting group of bacteria synthesize sugars, not by using sunlight ’s energy, but by extracting energy from inorganic chemical compounds ; hence, they are referred to as chemoautotrophs. | chemoautotrophs |
Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society are called dysfunctions. | dysfunctions |