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Hypertension and the Brain Hypertension graphic Hypertension is a condition characterized by an elevated blood pressure in which the long term consequences include cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, adrenal gland tumors, vision impairment, memory loss, metabolic syndrome, stroke and dementia. It affects nearly 1 in 2 Americans and remains as a contributing cause of death in the United States. There are many genetic and environmental factors involved with the development of hypertension including genetics, diet, and stress. Complications of hypertension The brain is one of the major organs affected by hypertension and recent findings have linked hypertension to various forms of cognitive decline. Not only does hypertension affects the cellular structure and molecular composition of blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), it also affects their ability to regulate vital functions that are essential for healthy brain function such as oxygen and glucose delivery, cerebral environment control via the blood-brain barrier, and trafficking of immune cells and metabolic by-products. These hypertension induced effects eventually lead to white matter lesions, which is the pathological basis for hypertension induced cognitive impairment. A National Institute on Aging (NIA) study that measured cognition 20 years after measuring blood pressure showed that there was a 9\% increase in risk for cognitive decline for every 10mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure. Additionally, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cognitive study shows that those with prehypertension or high blood pressure performed lower on processing speed, short-term memory, and executive function tests. Hypertension is also a prominent risk factor for 2 major brain diseases: stroke and dementia, and accounts for approximately 50\% of deaths caused by stroke or heart disease according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Primary and Secondary Hypertension Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the result of a consistent elevation of the force of blood being pumped throughout the body, whereas secondary hypertension is the result of high blood pressure due to another medical condition. Diseases that can cause secondary hypertension include diabetic nephropathy, glomerular disease, polycystic kidney disease, cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronism, sleep apnea, obesity, and pregnancy. Most often, there are no definite symptoms to this disease. There are some signs that one could look for to deduce it is secondary hypertension rather than primary such as sudden onset of hypertension before the age of 30 or after 55, no family history of hypertension, hypertension that does not respond to medication (resistant hypertension), and no signs of obesity. Salt Sensitive Hypertension In terms of environmental factors, dietary salt intake is the leading risk factor in the development of hypertension. Salt sensitivity is characterized by an increase in blood pressure with an increase in dietary salt and is associated with various genetic, demographic, and physiological factors— African American populations, postmenopausal women, and older individuals carry a higher risk of developing salt sensitivity. In normal conditions, the body counteracts excessive salt intake by increasing cardiac output and expanding extracellular fluid volume. However, individuals who are salt-sensitive exhibit an over reactive sympathetic nervous system and are unable to suppress the renin-angiotensin axis as well as normotensive individuals, resulting in salt retention by the kidneys and increased vascular resistance and consequently, increased risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore, it is estimated that 51\% of people that are hypertensive are salt sensitive compared to 26\% of people that are normotensive. Hypertension induced by Ang II Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, and vascular resistance via release of hormones. The system is initiated by renin converting the precursor protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I then gets converted to Ang II by the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) which then goes on to produce a number of different effects on the body. One such effect is inducing hypertension via Ang II and Ang metabolites produced by the degradation of Ang I and Ang II. Ang II increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and it stimulates the production of aldosterone, which also increases blood pressure by increasing the volume of fluid in the body via increased sodium reabsorption by renal tubules in the kidney. Hypertension is associated with enhanced RAAS activity. Pathophysiology Endothelial Dysfunction The endothelium plays a critical role in regulating blood vessels throughout the body, modulating the function of cells with the vessel walls and even non-vascular cells. For example, the endothelium releases cytokines and expresses adhesion molecules that recruit leukocytes, which is important in inflammation. The endothelium influences vascular muscle by regulating vascular tone and it also determines vascular permeability into the tissues— tight junctions between endothelial cells are pertinent in the blood brain barrier. Arterial Stiffness Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other areas of the body. They are mainly responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to various parts of the body and removing carbon dioxide and wastes. Arteries are generally elastic, which allows them to bend and fit throughout the body and maintain a stable blood pressure. Arterial stiffness occurs as people age and increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Elastin and collagen are of the major determinants of arterial stiffness as well as matrix metalloproteases, advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), inflammation, neuroendocrine signaling, and genetics. The more stiff arteries are, the more pressure the heart needs to exert to pump blood throughout the body and therefore, the higher blood pressure a person has. Blood brain barrier Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction The blood brain barrier (BBB) is essential in maintaining a homeostatic environment for neurons and glial cells by preventing solutes from diffusing into the brain interstitial space. The endothelial cells that makeup the BBB are different from those that make up the vasculature structurally, molecularly, and metabolically. They are connected by tight junctions, which further ensure that molecules do not freely pass through. Cerebral Artery Structure and Function Hypertension, mainly through Ang II, remodels vessel structure and function by increasing oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and altering cerebral blood flow. Hypertension causes a reduction in the lumen diameter of cerebral arteries, which increases its vascular resistance. The brain receives around 15–20\% of the total cardiac output and therefore, disruptions in this cerebral perfusion have damaging effects to proper neuronal function. Hypertension and Stroke CT scan of two lacunar infarctions. Moments after an ischemic stroke, lesions are established that can be detected.|alt=Hypertension is the leading cause of strokes and studies show that it increases the risk of a stroke by 220\% and stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. High blood pressure weakens arteries (small vessel disease) and causes blood vessels to be more likely to clog and/or burst. A lacunar infarction occurs when an artery is blocked and an intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when the blood vessels burst. In turn, the brain is more vulnerable to ischemic insults as there is a dysregulation in the supply of blood and oxygen. More specifically, hypertension inflicts damage to small resistance arteries, which supply nutrients to the internal capsule, brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, and cause cell death and tissue degeneration. Blood clots also accelerate arterioscelerosis, which causes arteries to thicken and harden. Essentially, hypertension is the biggest risk factor for stroke and tissue damage caused by a stroke is a major risk factor for cognitive decline, therefore the risk of stroke may act as a mediator in the relationship between blood pressure and cognition. Besides lifestyle modifications, blood pressure control is the #1 treatment for stroke prevention. Antihypertensive medication show a protective effect against stroke-related cognitive impairments. CT scan of intracerebral hemorrhage Hypertension→ Small vessel disease → Lacunar infarction & Intracerebral hemorrhage → Tissue damage Hypertension and Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia develops as blood vessels in the brain become damaged, preventing brain cells from receiving the nutrients it needs to function. Hypertension alters the brain's vasculature via inadequate blood flow, leading to changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow and ultimately, weakening brain structures and functions. Vascular dementia is characterized by ischemic infarcts, cerebral hemorrhages, white matter lesions, BBB dysfunction, and/or microvascular degeneration. Hypertension and Alzheimers Although there are no direct correlations with hypertension and its association with Alzheimer's disease, chronic hypertension is associated with white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, neurotic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, all pathological features of AD. Pharmacological Intervention Multiple studies suggest that hypertension is a prevailing factor in the development and progression of age-related cognitive decline and that antihypertensive approaches could help control or relieve the impact of hypertension on cognition.

Hypertension graphic Hypertension is a condition characterized by an elevated blood pressure in which the long term consequences include cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, adrenal gland tumors, vision impairment, memory loss, metabolic syndrome, stroke and dementia. It affects nearly 1 in 2 Americans and remains as a contributing cause of death in the United States. There are many genetic and environmental factors involved with the development of hypertension including genetics, diet, and stress. Complications of hypertension The brain is one of the major organs affected by hypertension and recent findings have linked hypertension to various forms of cognitive decline. Not only does hypertension affects the cellular structure and molecular composition of blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), it also affects their ability to regulate vital functions that are essential for healthy brain function such as oxygen and glucose delivery, cerebral environment control via the blood-brain barrier, and trafficking of immune cells and metabolic by-products. These hypertension induced effects eventually lead to white matter lesions, which is the pathological basis for hypertension induced cognitive impairment. A National Institute on Aging (NIA) study that measured cognition 20 years after measuring blood pressure showed that there was a 9\% increase in risk for cognitive decline for every 10mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure. Additionally, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cognitive study shows that those with prehypertension or high blood pressure performed lower on processing speed, short-term memory, and executive function tests. Hypertension is also a prominent risk factor for 2 major brain diseases: stroke and dementia, and accounts for approximately 50\% of deaths caused by stroke or heart disease according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Primary and secondary hypertension Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the result of a consistent elevation of the force of blood being pumped throughout the body, whereas secondary hypertension is the result of high blood pressure due to another medical condition. Diseases that can cause secondary hypertension include diabetic nephropathy, glomerular disease, polycystic kidney disease, cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronism, sleep apnea, obesity, and pregnancy. Most often, there are no definite symptoms to this disease. There are some signs that one could look for to deduce it is secondary hypertension rather than primary such as sudden onset of hypertension before the age of 30 or after 55, no family history of hypertension, hypertension that does not respond to medication (resistant hypertension), and no signs of obesity. Salt-sensitive hypertension In terms of environmental factors, dietary salt intake is the leading risk factor in the development of hypertension. Salt sensitivity is characterized by an increase in blood pressure with an increase in dietary salt and is associated with various genetic, demographic, and physiological factors— African American populations, postmenopausal women, and older individuals carry a higher risk of developing salt sensitivity. In normal conditions, the body counteracts excessive salt intake by increasing cardiac output and expanding extracellular fluid volume. However, individuals who are salt-sensitive exhibit an over reactive sympathetic nervous system and are unable to suppress the renin-angiotensin axis as well as normotensive individuals, resulting in salt retention by the kidneys and increased vascular resistance and consequently, increased risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore, it is estimated that 51\% of people that are hypertensive are salt sensitive compared to 26\% of people that are normotensive. Hypertension induced by angiotensin II Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, and vascular resistance via release of hormones. The system is initiated by renin converting the precursor protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I then gets converted to Ang II by the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) which then goes on to produce a number of different effects on the body. One such effect is inducing hypertension via Ang II and Ang metabolites produced by the degradation of Ang I and Ang II. Ang II increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and it stimulates the production of aldosterone, which also increases blood pressure by increasing the volume of fluid in the body via increased sodium reabsorption by renal tubules in the kidney. Hypertension is associated with enhanced RAAS activity. Pathophysiology Endothelial dysfunction The endothelium plays a critical role in regulating blood vessels throughout the body, modulating the function of cells with the vessel walls and even non-vascular cells. For example, the endothelium releases cytokines and expresses adhesion molecules that recruit leukocytes, which is important in inflammation. The endothelium influences vascular muscle by regulating vascular tone and it also determines vascular permeability into the tissues— tight junctions between endothelial cells are pertinent in the blood brain barrier. Arterial stiffness Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other areas of the body. They are mainly responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to various parts of the body and removing carbon dioxide and wastes. Arteries are generally elastic, which allows them to bend and fit throughout the body and maintain a stable blood pressure. Arterial stiffness occurs as people age and increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Elastin and collagen are of the major determinants of arterial stiffness as well as matrix metalloproteases, advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), inflammation, neuroendocrine signaling, and genetics. The more stiff arteries are, the more pressure the heart needs to exert to pump blood throughout the body and therefore, the higher blood pressure a person has. Blood brain barrier Blood –brain barrier dysfunction The blood– brain barrier (BBB) is essential in maintaining a homeostatic environment for neurons and glial cells by preventing solutes from diffusing into the brain interstitial space. The endothelial cells that makeup the BBB are different from those that make up the vasculature structurally, molecularly, and metabolically. They are connected by tight junctions, which further ensure that molecules do not freely pass through. Cerebral artery structure and function Hypertension, mainly through Ang II, remodels vessel structure and function by increasing oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and altering cerebral blood flow. Hypertension causes a reduction in the lumen diameter of cerebral arteries, which increases its vascular resistance. The brain receives around 15–20\% of the total cardiac output and therefore, disruptions in this cerebral perfusion have damaging effects to proper neuronal function. Hypertension and stroke CT scan of two lacunar infarctions. Moments after an ischemic stroke, lesions are established that can be detected.|alt=Hypertension is the leading cause of strokes and studies show that it increases the risk of a stroke by 220\% and stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. High blood pressure weakens arteries (small vessel disease) and causes blood vessels to be more likely to clog and/or burst. A lacunar infarction occurs when an artery is blocked and an intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when the blood vessels burst. In turn, the brain is more vulnerable to ischemic insults as there is a dysregulation in the supply of blood and oxygen. More specifically, hypertension inflicts damage to small resistance arteries, which supply nutrients to the internal capsule, brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, and cause cell death and tissue degeneration. Blood clots also accelerate arterioscelerosis, which causes arteries to thicken and harden. Essentially, hypertension is the biggest risk factor for stroke and tissue damage caused by a stroke is a major risk factor for cognitive decline, therefore the risk of stroke may act as a mediator in the relationship between blood pressure and cognition. Besides lifestyle modifications, blood pressure control is the #1 treatment for stroke prevention. Antihypertensive medication show a protective effect against stroke-related cognitive impairments. CT scan of intracerebral hemorrhage Hypertension→ Small vessel disease → Lacunar infarction & Intracerebral hemorrhage → Tissue damage Hypertension and vascular dementia Vascular dementia develops as blood vessels in the brain become damaged, preventing brain cells from receiving the nutrients it needs to function. Hypertension alters the brain's vasculature via inadequate blood flow, leading to changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow and ultimately, weakening brain structures and functions. Vascular dementia is characterized by ischemic infarcts, cerebral hemorrhages, white matter lesions, BBB dysfunction, and/or microvascular degeneration. Hypertension and Alzheimer's disease Although there are no direct correlations with hypertension and its association with Alzheimer's disease, chronic hypertension is associated with white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, neurotic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, all pathological features of AD. Pharmacological intervention Multiple studies suggest that hypertension is a prevailing factor in the development and progression of age-related cognitive decline and that antihypertensive approaches could help control or relieve the impact of hypertension on cognition.

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"Women and children first" (or to a lesser extent , the Birkenhead Drill ) is a code of conduct dating from 1852, whereby the lives of women and children were to be saved first in a life-threatening situation, typically abandoning ship, when survival resources such as lifeboats were limited. However, it has no basis in maritime law.

"Women and children first" , known to a lesser extent as the Birkenhead Drill , is a code of conduct dating from 1852, whereby the lives of women and children were to be saved first in a life-threatening situation, typically abandoning ship, when survival resources such as lifeboats were limited. However, it has no basis in maritime law.

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Sarah Stewart Johnson is an American astronomer and planetary scientist. Career Johnson's work primarily focuses on the surface of Mars and questions of Martian habitability, and her lab at Georgetown focuses on the detection of biosignatures . She participated in the Curiosity, Opportunity, and Spirit missions.

Sarah Stewart Johnson is an American biologist, geochemist, astronomer and planetary scientist. Career Johnson's work involves the use of analog environments to study the habitability of the surface and subsurface of Mars and icy moons. Her lab at Georgetown is currently focused on the detection of agnostic biosignatures, sometimes referred to as "life as we don't know it" . She participated in the Curiosity, Opportunity, and Spirit missions.

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Career Johnson 's work involves the use of analog environments to study the habitability of the surface and subsurface of Mars and icy moons. Her lab at Georgetown is currently focused on the detection of agnostic biosignatures, sometimes referred to as "life as we don't know it" . She participated in the Curiosity, Opportunity, and Spirit missions.

Career Johnson was a White House fellow working for the President’s Science Advisor, under the Obama administration. Johnson 's work involves the use of analog environments to study the habitability of the surface and subsurface of Mars and icy moons. Her lab at Georgetown is currently focused on the detection of agnostic biosignatures, sometimes referred to as "life as we don't know it" . She is a visiting scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Centre with the Planetary Environments lab . She participated in the Curiosity, Opportunity, and Spirit missions.

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Causes Soporous states can be observed in the presence of traumatic, vascular, inflammatory, neoplastic, and toxic lesions of the brain. Symptoms The patient does not respond to the environment, perform any tasks, or respond to questions . The ability to swallow is maintained. Diagnosis Examination reveals decreased muscle tone of the extremities and depression of tendon reflexes. Pupillary reaction to light may be sluggish, but the corneal reflexes are preserved. Depending on the nature and extent of brain damage, symptoms of pyramidal impairment may be present (e.g. paresis, Babinski sign) .

Causes and symptoms Soporous states can be caused traumatic, vascular, inflammatory, neoplastic, and toxic lesions of the brain. Symptoms include lack of response to the environment, perform any tasks, or respond to questions , but the ability to swallow is maintained. Examination will reveal decreased muscle tone of the extremities and depression of tendon reflexes. Pupillary reaction to light may be sluggish, but the corneal reflexes are preserved. Paresis and Babinski sign may be present .

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History Alauddin invaded the Deccan and conquered the Deccan and forcibly took Jathapali, the daughter of Maharaj Ramdev, to Kara. She was married. Alauddin Khilji was a Subhedar. He announced to marry Jatyapali, at which time Jatyapali came in front of Alauddin and said; We will not marry you, we are married. Jatyapali drew her sword from its scabbard and severed her own head from the body.

History Mubarak Shah, also called Mubarak Khan, was a son of Alauddin Khalji and Jhatyapali, the daughter of Ramachandra of Devagiri

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History Mubarak Shah, also called Mubarak Khan, was a son of Alauddin Khalji and Jhatyapali, the daughter of Ramachandra of Devagiri

History Alauddin invaded the Deccan and conquered the Deccan and forcibly took Jathapali, the daughter of Maharaj Ramdev, to Karala. She was married. Alauddin Khilji was a Subhedar. He announced to marry Jatyapali, at which time Jatyapali came in front of Alauddin and said; We will not marry you, we are married. Jatyapali drew his sword from its scabbard and severed his own head from the body.

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Concept Ontopoetics is derived from the Greek words ontos ("that which is" - "I am" or "being") and poiesis ("coming into being" - creation" or "bringing forth"). It is also noted that the poetic element to the concept connotes a complexity that embraces diversity of experiences so that those that do not lie within the bounds of one's tradition are not rejected or denied. The concept also includes the manner by which humans respond to the symmetries around us . It is distinguished from panpsychism in the sense that it does not merely claim that the world is psychoactive but that it is responsive to us so that it can be called forth if engaged on an expressive plane, one of meaning and not merely of causation. Ontopoetics holds that the world is not only object-domain as represented by physics but is also "a field of meaning". According to the Australian philosopher Freya Matthews , this understanding of the world allows for unmasking of realities and experience that are not familiar or known to science. This is attributed to the manner by which the paradigm produces a more dynamic and responsive self and poetic voice as experience and knowledge are directed by receptiveness, playfulness, and openness across human-nature divisions. The idea is that conceptual intelligence cannot access a depth of reality because it tends to trivialize it. This is also the case for possibilities of experience that are routinely open but are taken for granted. In ontopoetics, a painting or a poem can capture reality better than common language or common perception because these apprehend it in its irreducible essence. In addition, these artworks are said to also coincide with metaphysical intuition. Another conceptualization frames ontopetics as a critique founded on the idea that the expression of being beyond what is representationally constructed as reality leads to the philosophical thought on art.

Concept Ontopoetics is derived from the Greek words ontos ("that which is" - "I am" or "being") and poiesis ("coming into being" - creation" or "bringing forth"). It is also noted that the poetic element to the concept connotes a complexity that embraces diversity of experiences so that those that do not lie within the bounds of one's tradition are not rejected or denied. The concept also includes the manner by which humans respond to the symmetries around them . It is distinguished from panpsychism in the sense that it does not merely claim that the world is psychoactive but that it is responsive to us so that it can be called forth if engaged on an expressive plane, one of meaning and not merely of causation. Ontopoetics holds that the world is not only object-domain as represented by physics but is also "a field of meaning". According to the Australian philosopher Freya Mathews , this understanding of the world allows for unmasking of realities and experience that are not familiar or known to science. This is attributed to the manner by which the paradigm produces a more dynamic and responsive self and poetic voice as experience and knowledge are directed by receptiveness, playfulness, and openness across human-nature divisions. The idea is that conceptual intelligence cannot access a depth of reality because it tends to trivialize it. This is also the case for possibilities of experience that are routinely open but are taken for granted. In ontopoetics, a painting or a poem can capture reality better than common language or common perception because these apprehend it in its irreducible essence. In addition, these artworks are said to also coincide with metaphysical intuition. Another conceptualization frames ontopoetics as a critique founded on the idea that the expression of being beyond what is representationally constructed as reality leads to the philosophical thought on art.

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World federalism or global federalism is the political concept of an additional, global layer of democratic governance above regional unions or nation states based on federalist principles. A world federation would have authority on issues of global reach, while the power over local matters would reside in the members of such federation, the overall sovereignty over the world population would largely reside in the federal government.

World federalism or global federalism is a political ideology supporting an additional, global layer of democratic government above regional unions or nation states based on federalist principles. A world federation (or one world government) would have authority on issues of global reach, while the power over local matters would reside in the members of such federation, the overall sovereignty over the world population would largely reside in the federal government.

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See also Fiddler's Reach Fog Signal Lime Point Light Manana Island Sound Signal Station Category:Articles lacking sources (Erik9bot

References under "Manana Island Fog Signal Station" Front matter, page 1. See also Fiddler's Reach Fog Signal Lime Point Light Manana Island Sound Signal

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Category:1947 births Category:2020 deaths Category:20th-century American criminals Category:American male criminals Category: Male serial killers Category:American serial killers Category:American rapists Category:American people convicted of indecent assault Category:American people convicted of robbery Category:American people convicted of attempted rape Category:American people convicted of murder Category:American murderers of children Category:People acquitted by reason of insanity Category:Serial killers who died in prison custody Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida Category:Criminals from Florida Category:People from Fort Lauderdale, Florid

Category:1947 births Category:2020 deaths Category:20th-century American criminals Category:American male criminals Category: American people convicted of indecent assault Category:American people convicted of robbery Category:American people convicted of attempted rape Category:American people convicted of murder Category:American murderers of children Category:Male serial killers Category:American serial killers Category:American rapists Category:People acquitted by reason of insanity Category:Serial killers who died in prison custody Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida Category:Criminals from Florida Category:People from Fort Lauderdale, Florid

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Eddie Lee Mosley (March 31, 1947 – May 28, 2020) was an American serial killer and rapist who murdered at least 8 women in Fort Lauderdale, Florida between 1973 and 1987. He was arrested in 2001 following the results of a DNA profiling test, after being the prime suspect in several murders for many years. Before his arrest, two other men were wrongly convicted of several murders later attributed to Mosley: Frank Lee Smith, who spent 15 years in prison and died behind bars before he could be exonerated, and Jerry Townsend, who spent 22 years in prison before being released. Mosley's true victim count is unknown, with authorities speculating that he committed at least 16 murders and dozens of rapes. Crimes In the period between November 1971 and July 1973, almost 150 rapes of girls and women were recorded in the northwestern part of Fort Lauderdale. In all cases, the perpetrator was described as a young, tall black man with an athletic build and a scar on his left cheek, whom, under the threat of physical violence, lured them to wastelands and other isolated areas, where he choked and sexually abused the victims. source? On July 23, 1973, three rape victims identified Mosley as their assailant, who, due to his physique and tall stature, well matched the composite of the rapist. After his arrest, his photographs were shown to other victims, resulting in more than 40 women identifying him as the rapist. During this period, Eddie was also the prime suspect in the rape-murders of two black girls in Fort Lauderdale, killed in early 1973, but since there was not enough evidence, he was only charged with the assaults and subsequent rape. However, following a mental evaluation, he was found to be insane, and was ordered involuntary commitment at the Florida State Hospital, where he spent five years. During his imprisonment, no other similar rapes or murders were recorded. In January 1984, Mosley came under police suspicion again after the bodies of 36-year-old Geraldine Barfield URL and 54-year-old Emma Cook were found in northwestern Fort Lauderdale, raped and subsequently killed by suffocation. On May 17th, 1984, he was arrested for raping a 22-year-old URL At trial, he pleaded not guilty, claiming that the sexual intercourse had been with mutual agreement. His lawyers managed to successfully portray the rape as consentual sex, in which Mosley had promised the victim drugs, and in October of that same year, Mosley was acquitted and URL After committing two more murders in the vicinity of Fort Lauderdale, the Broward County Sheriff's Office contacted the FBI, which, based on provided data, compiled an offender profile which was very consistent with Eddie Mosley's. In the spring of 1987, Mosley came under police scrutiny again, for the February 24th rape and strangulation of 24-year-old Sentreyl Love. Exposure For the remainder of his life, Mosley was shuffled between various clinics and mental institutions in the state. In 2000, samples of his saliva and blood were taken for DNA testing, which proved his guilt in the following murders: 29-year-old Loretta Young Brown, killed in 1984; 34-year-old Vetta Turner, killed on July 9, 1973; 13-year-old Sonya Marion, killed in July 1979; 21-year-old Terri Jean Cummings, found dead in August 1979; and finally, the murders of Emma Cook and Teresa Giles, to which he had confessed in May 1987. In addition, he was connected to the April 1985 murder of 8-year-old Shandra Whitehead, who had been raped and killed in her home. Another Fort Lauderdale man, 38-year-old Frank Lee Smith, who was intellectually disabled, was convicted of her murder. In 1960, at the age of 13, Smith killed 14-year-old John Wesley Spahn, but was released from custody in the mid-1960s, only to be later charged with the shooting death of 38-year-old Herbert DeWitt in 1966, who was killed during a robbery. He pleaded guilty to that murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment, but released on parole in 1981. In April 1985, he was arrested and charged with killing Shandra, after the girl's mother wrongfully identified him as the killer, based solely on photographs she had been shown. Despite the lack of physical evidence linking him to the crime, Smith was found guilty and sentenced to death in 1986. From the beginning, he had claimed his innocence in this killing. He died on death row on January 30, 2000, from cancer-related complications, only months before a DNA test proved his innocence. External links Jerry Townsend on the Innocence Project References Category:1947 births Category:2020 deaths Category:20th-century American criminals Category:American male criminals Category:American people convicted of indecent assault Category:American people convicted of robbery Category:American people convicted of attempted rape Category:American people convicted of murder Category:American murderers of children Category:Male serial killers Category:American serial killers Category: American rapists Category:People acquitted by reason of insanity Category:Serial killers who died in prison custody Category: Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida Category: Criminals from Florida Category:People from Fort Lauderdale, Florid

Eddie Lee Mosley (March 31, 1947 – May 28, 2020) was an American serial killer and rapist who murdered at least eight women in Fort Lauderdale, Florida between 1973 and 1987. He was arrested in 2001 following the results of a DNA profiling test, after being the prime suspect in several murders for many years. Before his arrest, two other men were wrongly convicted of several murders later attributed to Mosley: Frank Lee Smith, who spent 15 years in prison and died behind bars before he could be exonerated, and Jerry Townsend, who spent 22 years in prison before being released. Mosley's true victim count is unknown, with authorities speculating that he committed at least 16 murders and dozens of rapes. Crimes In the period between November 1971 and July 1973, almost 150 rapes of girls and women were recorded in the northwestern part of Fort Lauderdale. In all cases, the perpetrator was described as a young, tall black man with an athletic build and a scar on his left cheek, whom, under the threat of physical violence, lured them to wastelands and other isolated areas, where he choked and sexually abused the victims. Citation needed|date=May 2021 On July 23, 1973, three rape victims identified Mosley as their assailant, who, due to his physique and tall stature, well matched the composite of the rapist. After his arrest, his photographs were shown to other victims, resulting in more than 40 women identifying him as the rapist. During this period, Eddie was also the prime suspect in the rape-murders of two black girls in Fort Lauderdale, killed in early 1973, but since there was not enough evidence, he was only charged with the assaults and subsequent rape. However, following a mental evaluation, he was found to be insane, and was ordered involuntary commitment at the Florida State Hospital, where he spent five years. During his imprisonment, no other similar rapes or murders were recorded. In January 1984, Mosley came under police suspicion again after the bodies of 36-year-old Geraldine Barfield URL and 54-year-old Emma Cook were found in northwestern Fort Lauderdale, raped and subsequently killed by suffocation. On May 17th, 1984, he was arrested for raping a 22-year-old URL At trial, he pleaded not guilty, claiming that the sexual intercourse had been with mutual agreement. His lawyers managed to successfully portray the rape as consensual sex, in which Mosley had promised the victim drugs, and in October of that same year, Mosley was acquitted and URL After committing two more murders in the vicinity of Fort Lauderdale, the Broward County Sheriff's Office contacted the FBI, which, based on provided data, compiled an offender profile which was very consistent with Eddie Mosley's. In the spring of 1987, Mosley came under police scrutiny again, for the February 24th rape and strangulation of 24-year-old Sentreyl Love. Exposure For the remainder of his life, Mosley was shuffled between various clinics and mental institutions in the state. In 2000, samples of his saliva and blood were taken for DNA testing, which proved his guilt in the following murders: 29-year-old Loretta Young Brown, killed in 1984; 34-year-old Vetta Turner, killed on July 9, 1973; 13-year-old Sonya Marion, killed in July 1979; 21-year-old Terri Jean Cummings, found dead in August 1979; and finally, the murders of Emma Cook and Teresa Giles, to which he had confessed in May 1987. In addition, he was connected to the April 1985 murder of eight-year-old Shandra Whitehead, who had been raped and killed in her home. Another Fort Lauderdale man, 38-year-old Frank Lee Smith, who was intellectually disabled, was convicted of her murder. In 1960, at the age of 13, Smith killed 14-year-old John Wesley Spahn, but was released from custody in the mid-1960s, only to be later charged with the shooting death of 38-year-old Herbert DeWitt in 1966, who was killed during a robbery. He pleaded guilty to that murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment, but released on parole in 1981. In April 1985, he was arrested and charged with killing Shandra, after the girl's mother wrongfully identified him as the killer, based solely on photographs she had been shown. Despite the lack of physical evidence linking him to the crime, Smith was found guilty and sentenced to death in 1986. From the beginning, he had claimed his innocence in this killing. He died on death row on January 30, 2000, from cancer-related complications, only months before a DNA test proved his innocence. References External links Jerry Townsend on the Innocence Project Category:1947 births Category:2020 deaths Category:20th-century American criminals Category:American male criminals Category:American murderers of children Category:American people convicted of attempted rape Category:American people convicted of indecent assault Category:American people convicted of murder Category:American people convicted of robbery Category:American rapists Category:American serial killers Category: Criminals from Florida Category: Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida Category: Male serial killers Category:People acquitted by reason of insanity Category:People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida Category:Serial killers who died in prison cus

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In music Rock and roll music has inspired controversy from its inception. In a 2015 retrospective of Rock and Roll, the New Yorker stated Rock and Roll's "learning curve for performing the stuff is short; the learning curve for appreciating it is nonexistent." As certain musical genres grew in popularity, some transgressive artists used controversy to make a statement, gain attention, or make a profit (or a combination of these). Among certain musical genres and movements, offending modern sensibilities was an integral part of the music. Musical genres that utilize transgressive themes or music include genres such as shock rock, heavy metal, punk rock; horrorcore and its parent genres of hardcore hip hop and gangsta rap, all of which often promote transgressive lyrics and violent themes in various ways; grindcore, black metal, death metal; and various bands within the avant-garde rock or experimental rock genre. Musicians such as Alice Cooper, Slayer, Kiss, N.W.A, Iggy Pop, Misfits, W.A.S.P., GWAR, GG Allin, The Plasmatics, Cannibal Corpse, Tyler, The Creator, Throbbing Gristle, Marilyn Manson, Die Antwoord, Costes, The Mentors, Anal Cunt, The Sex Pistols, Death Grips, The Meatmen, Eminem, Brotha Lynch Hung and the Dead Kennedys used anti-Christian, anti-establishment, satirical lyrics that were generally considered to be evil by those who did not understand them. Some bands used the controversy to increase their popularity. The idea was, if people complained about their music enough and truly hated them, then the band's name and knowledge of their existence would reach the ears of people who would appreciate their music.

In music Rock and roll music has inspired controversy and been transgressive from its inception. As certain other musical genres grew in popularity, some transgressive artists used controversy to make a statement, gain attention, or make a profit (or a combination of these). Among certain musical genres and movements, offending modern sensibilities was an integral part of the music. Musical genres that utilize transgressive themes or music include genres such as shock rock, heavy metal, punk rock; horrorcore and its parent genres of hardcore hip hop and gangsta rap, all of which often promote transgressive lyrics and violent themes in various ways; grindcore, black metal, death metal; and various bands within the avant-garde rock or experimental rock genre. Musicians such as Alice Cooper, Slayer, Kiss, N.W.A, Iggy Pop, Misfits, W.A.S.P., GWAR, GG Allin, The Plasmatics, Cannibal Corpse, Tyler, The Creator, Throbbing Gristle, Marilyn Manson, Die Antwoord, Costes, The Mentors, Anal Cunt, The Sex Pistols, Death Grips, The Meatmen, Eminem, Brotha Lynch Hung and the Dead Kennedys used anti-Christian, anti-establishment, satirical lyrics that were generally considered to be evil by those who did not understand them. Some bands used the controversy to increase their popularity. The idea was, if people complained about their music enough and truly hated them, then the band's name and knowledge of their existence would reach the ears of people who would appreciate their music.

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Waterchief died July 19, 2020 at the age of 88 as a result of complications related to COVID-19 .

Waterchief died July 19, 2020 at the age of 88 as a result of complications related to COVID-19 in Strathmore, Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta .

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The indigenous psychology movement In the India-Asian psychology, there are three strands of psychology which are defined by Rao (1988) "…to be general psychology…that has universal relevance and application…country and region-specific psychology…the study of geographically bound persons…and native based weltanschauung psychology…driven by the understanding of geographically bound persons yet…highly theoretical or philosophical component" (Lawson, Graham, & Baker, 2007, p. 441). In order for these different countries to better focus their psychological stand points different programs need to instituted and more persons need to become involved in becoming psychologists. "The current and future states of… indigenous psychologies, require the sustained growth of their scientific research base at the same pace as their applied professional interventions" (Lawson, Graham, & Baker, 2007, p. 441).

Indigenous psychology movement In India-Asian psychology, there are three strands of psychology which are defined by Rao (1988) "…to be general psychology…that has universal relevance and application…country and region-specific psychology…the study of geographically bound persons…and native based weltanschauung psychology…driven by the understanding of geographically bound persons yet…highly theoretical or philosophical component" (Lawson, Graham, & Baker, 2007, p. 441). In order for these different countries to better focus their psychological standpoints, different programs need to be instituted and more persons need to become involved in becoming psychologists. "The current and future states of… indigenous psychologies, require the sustained growth of their scientific research base at the same pace as their applied professional interventions" (Lawson, Graham, & Baker, 2007, p. 441).

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Howell has been described as the "leading figure" in the early Rastafari movement. He preached that Afro-Jamaicans should owe their allegiance to Haile Selassie rather than to George V, King of Great Britain and Ireland. The island's British authorities arrested him and charged him with sedition in 1934, resulting in his two-year imprisonment. Following his release, Howell established the Ethiopian Salvation Society and in 1939 established a Rasta community known as Pinnacle, in Saint Catherine Parish. Attracting between 500 and 2000 people, his community became largely self-sufficient. Police feared that Howell was training his followers for an armed rebellion and were angered that it was producing cannabis for sale. They raided the community on several occasions and Howell was imprisoned for a further two years. Upon his release he returned to Pinnacle, but the police continued with their raids and shut down the community in 1954; Howell himself was committed to a mental hospital.

Howell has been described as one of the "leading figure" in the early Rastafari movement. He preached that Jamaicans should owe their allegiance to Haile Selassie rather than to George V, King of Great Britain and Ireland. The island's British authorities arrested him and charged him with sedition in 1934, resulting in his two-year imprisonment. Following his release, Howell established the Ethiopian Salvation Society and in 1939 established a Rasta community known as Pinnacle, in Saint Catherine Parish. Attracting between 500 and 2000 people, his community became largely self-sufficient. Police feared that Howell was training his followers for an armed rebellion and were angered that it was producing cannabis for sale. They raided the community on several occasions and Howell was imprisoned for a further two years. Upon his release he returned to Pinnacle, but the police continued with their raids and shut down the community in 1954; Howell himself was committed to a mental hospital.

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Upon results of the review, Research Triangle Institute asserted it was impossible the vials had been mislabeled as all other vials in suspect lots were properly labeled by labeling machines and it was not possible some vials had been mislabeled while others had not as the machines use printed rolls of labels. Many have asserted Ricaurte switched the labels in order to insure the continuation of funding and his results were fraudulent rather than mistaken. NIDA and AAAS are also suspected of aiding in the fraud .Oops! -- "Killer Ecstasy" Study Retracted, NIDA Credibility on the Line, RAVE Act Still Law Drug War Chronicle Issue #302, 9/12/03.

Upon results of the review, Research Triangle Institute asserted it was impossible the vials had been mislabeled as all other vials in suspect lots were properly labeled by labeling machines and it was not possible some vials had been mislabeled while others had not as the machines use printed rolls of labels. Many have asserted Ricaurte switched the labels in order to insure the continuation of funding and his results were fraudulent rather than mistaken. NIDA and AAAS are also suspected of aiding in the fraud ; Rick Doblin for his part, director and founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, pointed out after the incident that not only had the wrong drugs been used but that Ricaurte ignored all data before his study which suggested that MDMA was not particularly neurotoxic to Dopamine neurons and, as such, Doblin went as far as to suggest that all of Ricaurte's work had always been politically motivated making it impossible for any of it to be trusted or taken at face value and making it neccessary for it to be reevaluated entirely.

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RAVE Act In an interview in The ScientistRetracted Ecstasy paper 'an outrageous scandal'. The Scientist 2003, 4 (1):20030916-04 British scientists Colin Blakemore and Leslie Iversen described how they expressed concerns about the article with editors at Science. "It's an outrageous scandal," Iversen told The Scientist. "It's another example of a certain breed of scientist who appear to do research on illegal drugs mainly to show what the governments want them to show. They extract large amounts of grant money from the government to do this sort of biased work." External links Recreational Use of Ecstasy Causes New Brain Damage Johns Hopkins, original press release, 2002. Rick Doblin: Exaggerating MDMA's Risks to Justify A Prohibitionist Policy MAPS.org archive with extensive links to media coverage and copies of the original "Science" articles. Science accused of 'grabbing headlines', ABC Science Online, 12 September 2003 TheDEA.org: Letter to Science Highly critical letter pointing out flaws in the original research article (pre-retraction.) MDMA Brain Scans Showing Neurotoxicity Discredited erowid.org, April 2002. Research On Ecstasy Is Clouded By Errors, New York Times, December 2, 2003.

Quote|Ricaurte's findings were widely quoted when Congress was lining up support for the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act, also known as the Rave Act, which makes it easier to prosecute club owners and event promoters for the drug use of their customers. Congress passed the Rave Act on April 10, 2003. And tax dollars pay for public service announcements declaring that one hit of Ecstasy can destroy your brain.|E-fer Madness, Salon.com, 2003 RAVE Act In an interview in The Scientist British scientists Colin Blakemore and Leslie Iversen described how they expressed concerns about the article with editors at Science. "It's an outrageous scandal," Iversen told The Scientist. "It's another example of a certain breed of scientist who appear to do research on illegal drugs mainly to show what the governments want them to show. They extract large amounts of grant money from the government to do this sort of biased work." External links . Rick Doblin: Exaggerating MDMA's Risks to Justify A Prohibitionist Policy MAPS.org archive with extensive links to media coverage and copies of the original "Science" articles. TheDEA.org: Letter to Science Highly critical letter pointing out flaws in the original research article (pre-retraction.) MDMA Brain Scans Showing Neurotoxicity Discredited erowid.org, April 2002. .

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Category:Global health Category:Public health Category:Health policy Category:International medical and health organizations Category:Organizations established in 1999 Category:United Nations Development Group Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council Category:United Nations specialized agencies Category:Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic Category: Vaccination Category:Virology Category:Biotechnology organizations Category:Biology organizations Category:Immunology organizations Category:Infectious disease organizations Category:Epidemiology organizations Category:Pediatric organizations Category:Pharmacy organizatio

Category:Global health Category:Public health Category:Health policy Category:International medical and health organizations Category:Organizations established in 1999 Category:United Nations Development Group Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council Category:United Nations specialized agencies Category:Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic Category:Vaccines Category: Vaccination Category:Virology Category:Immunology Category:Biotechnology organizations Category:Biology organizations Category:Immunology organizations Category:Infectious disease organizations Category:Epidemiology organizations Category:Pediatric organizations Category:Pharmacy organizatio

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Aid for Trade is included in the Sustainable Development Goal 8 about "decent work and economic growth" which is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals which were established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The official wording for Target 8.a "Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular, least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries."United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313) Origins and oversight The Aid for Trade initiative was launched at the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005 in December 2005, and in 2007, the WTO started implementation of its February 2006 recommendations of the Aid for Trade Task Force as it moved into its first stage. Development Assistance Committee OECD Sustainable Development Goals External links 'What is Aid for Trade?' (Australian government briefing paper

Aid for Trade is included in Sustainable Development Goal 8 concerning "decent work and economic growth" , which is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals which were established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. Target 8.a aims to "Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular, least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries."United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313) Origins and oversight The Aid for Trade initiative was launched at the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference in December 2005, and in 2007, the WTO started implementation of its February 2006 recommendations of the Aid for Trade Task Force as it moved into its first stage. Development Assistance Committee OECD Sustainable Development Goals External links 'What is Aid for Trade?' (Australian government briefing paper )

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Resultant Fragments : approximate sizes 1: 3 kb, 5 kb 2: 2 kb, 6 kb 3: 2 kb, 1 kb, 5 kb, Hypothetical Multiple Cloning Site of Vector resultant map Appendix: Related Methods Rapid Denaturation and Renaturation of a crude DNA preparation by alkaline lysis of the cells and subsequent neutralization

Resultant fragments : approximate sizes 1: 3 kb, 5 kb 2: 2 kb, 6 kb 3: 2 kb, 1 kb, 5 kb, Hypothetical multiple cloning site of vector Resultant map Related methods Rapid Denaturation and Renaturation of a crude DNA preparation by alkaline lysis of the cells and subsequent neutralization

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The term " monographia " is derived from the ('single') and ('to write'), meaning 'writing on a singlesubject' . Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship ascertaining reliable credibility to the required recipient. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph is commonly regarded as vital for career progression in many academic disciplines. Intended for other researchers and bought primarily by libraries, monographs are generally published as individual volumes in a short print run.

The English term " monograph " is derived from modern Latin "monographia", which has its root in Greek. In the English word, "mono-" means "single" and "-graph" means "something written" . Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship ascertaining reliable credibility to the required recipient. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph is commonly regarded as vital for career progression in many academic disciplines. Intended for other researchers and bought primarily by libraries, monographs are generally published as individual volumes in a short print run.

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Gender The role that the gender of someone plays in determining people's moral, social, political , and legal responses to them has been long-debated. Some believe that differences in the way men and women are perceived and treated is a function of social norms, thus indicating a double standard. One claim is that a double standard exists in society's judgment of women's and men's sexual conduct. Research has found that casual sexual activity is regarded as more acceptable for men than for women. According to some, double standards between men and women can potentially exist with regards to dating, cohabitation, virginity, marriage/remarriage, sexual abuse/assault/harassment, domestic violence , and singleness. Law A double standard may arise if two or more groups who have equal legal rights are given different degrees of legal protection or representation. Such double standards are seen as unjustified because they violate a common maxim of modern legal jurisprudence - that all parties should stand equal before the law. Where judges are expected to be impartial, they must apply the same standards to all people regardless of their own subjective biases or favoritism based on social class, rank, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, age , or other distinctions. The intentional efforts of some people to counteract racism and ethnic double standards can sometimes be interpreted by others as actually perpetuating racism and double standards among ethnic groups. Writing for The American Conservative, Rod Dreher quotes the account published in Quillette by Coleman Hughes, a black student at Columbia University, who said he was given an opportunity to play in a backup band for Grammy Award-winning pop artist Rihanna at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards Show. According to Hughes, several of his friends were also invited; however, one of them was fired and replaced because, according to Hughes, his white Hispanic background did not suit the all-black aesthetic that Rihanna's team had chosen for her show. The team had decided that all performers on stage were to be black, aside from Rihanna's regular guitar player. Hughes was uncertain about whether he believed this action was unethical, given that the show was racially themed to begin with. He observed what he believed to be a double standard in the entertainment industry, saying, "if a black musician had been fired in order to achieve an all-white aesthetic — it would have made front page headlines. It would have been seen as an unambiguous moral infraction." Dreher argues that Hughes's observations highlight the difficulty in distinguishing between the exclusion of one ethnic group in order to celebrate another, and the exclusion of an ethnic group as the exercise of racism or a double standard. Dreher also discussed another incident, in which New York Times columnist Bari Weiss, who is Jewish, was heavily criticized for tweeting, "Immigrants: They get the job done , " in a positive reference to Mirai Nagasu, a Japanese-American Olympic ice skater, who Weiss was trying to honor. The public debate about ethnicity and double standards remains controversial and, by all appearances, will continue to be a subject of public debate. Causes and explanations Double standards are believed to develop in people's minds for a multitude of possible reasons including: finding an excuse for oneself, emotions clouding judgement, twisting facts to support beliefs such as confirmation biases, cognitive biases, attraction biases, prejudices , or the desire to be right . Human beings have a tendency to evaluate the actions of the people they interact with based on who did them.

Gender The role that the gender of someone plays in determining people's moral, social, political and legal responses to them has been long-debated. Some believe that differences in the way men and women are perceived and treated is a function of social norms, thus indicating a double standard. One claim is that a double standard exists in society's judgment of women's and men's sexual conduct. Research has found that casual sexual activity is regarded as more acceptable for men than for women. According to some, double standards between men and women can potentially exist with regards to : dating, cohabitation, virginity, marriage/remarriage, sexual abuse/assault/harassment, domestic violence and singleness. Law A double standard may arise if two or more groups who have equal legal rights are given different degrees of legal protection or representation. Such double standards are seen as unjustified because they violate a common maxim of modern legal jurisprudence - that all parties should stand equal before the law. Where judges are expected to be impartial, they must apply the same standards to all people , regardless of their own subjective biases or favoritism , based on: social class, rank, ethnicity, gender, religion, age or other distinctions. The intentional efforts of some people to counteract racism and ethnic double standards can sometimes be interpreted by others as actually perpetuating racism and double standards among ethnic groups. Writing for The American Conservative, Rod Dreher quotes the account published in Quillette by Coleman Hughes, a black student at Columbia University, who said he was given an opportunity to play in a backup band for Grammy Award-winning pop artist Rihanna at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards Show. According to Hughes, several of his friends were also invited; however, one of them was fired and replaced because, according to Hughes, his white Hispanic background did not suit the all-black aesthetic that Rihanna's team had chosen for her show. The team had decided that all performers on stage were to be black, aside from Rihanna's regular guitar player. Hughes was uncertain about whether he believed this action was unethical, given that the show was racially themed to begin with. He observed what he believed to be a double standard in the entertainment industry, saying, "if a black musician had been fired in order to achieve an all-white aesthetic — it would have made front page headlines. It would have been seen as an unambiguous moral infraction." Dreher argues that Hughes's observations highlight the difficulty in distinguishing between the exclusion of one ethnic group in order to celebrate another, and the exclusion of an ethnic group as the exercise of racism or a double standard. Dreher also discussed another incident, in which New York Times columnist Bari Weiss, who is Jewish, was heavily criticized for tweeting, "Immigrants: They get the job done " , in a positive reference to Mirai Nagasu, a Japanese-American Olympic ice skater, who Weiss was trying to honor. The public debate about ethnicity and double standards remains controversial and, by all appearances, will continue to be a subject of public debate. Causes and explanations Double standards are believed to develop in people's minds for a multitude of possible reasons , including: finding an excuse for oneself, emotions clouding judgement, twisting facts to support beliefs ( such as confirmation biases, cognitive biases, attraction biases, prejudices or the desire to be right ) . Human beings have a tendency to evaluate the actions of the people they interact with based on who did them.

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Organization The American Kidney Fund is headquartered in North Bethesda, Maryland (with a Rockville mailing address). As a 15-time recipient of the top “Four Star” rating from Charity Navigator, the American Kidney Fund is ranked among the top 1 percent of charities nationwide for fiscal accountability. AKF spends 97 cents of every donated dollar on patients and programs and is listed on Charity Navigator's Top 10 charities nationwide that have received the most consecutive four-star ratings. In addition, AKF holds an A+ rating from CharityWatch; adheres to the National Health Council Standards of Excellence; and is a member of the Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance. According to the New York Times, the Kidney Fund has favored patients from clinics that contributed to the Kidney Fund, and discouraged other clinics from applying for assistance. Fresenius and DaVita provide nearly 80\% of the Kidney Fund ’s funding. According to Tracey Dickey, a social worker, the Kidney Fund sent her guidelines which said that “ If your company cannot make fair and equitable contributions, we respectfully request that your organization not refer patients. ” LaVarne A. Burton, the Kidney Fund’s chief executive, said that Ms. Dickey had misunderstood the guidelines.Kidney Fund Seen Insisting on Donations, Contrary to Government Deal, By KATIE THOMAS and REED ABELSON, New York Times, DEC. 25, 2016 In a statement on its website, the Kidney Fund called the article "factually incorrect and unfair , " and said that they have never turned away a patient who was financially qualified to receive a grant, and that 40\% of dialysis providers with patients receiving help don’t contribute anything to the Kidney Fund . The U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) charged that dialysis providers steered patients to private insurance companies, which cost patients more, rather than to Medicaid and Medicare, which cost patients less but had lower reimbursements for the providers. The providers used the Kidney Fund 's subsidies to help patients buy the more-expensive private insurance, according to the CMS.Dialysis providers won't have to disclose financial aid to patients, Dan Mangan, CNBC, Jan. 25, 2017 According to the Wall Street Journal, "The rule took aim at a setup that has come under fire from health insurers, particularly those offering plans on the Affordable Care Act’s marketplaces. Under the setup, dialysis patients get help paying their health-insurance premiums from a charity, which itself gets funding from dialysis providers."Judge Blocks Rule That Would Limit Premium Assistance for Dialysis Patients; Judge issues order delaying rule indefinitely while he hears opposing suit filed by plaintiffs, including DaVita, Fresenius Medical Care, By Anna Wilde Mathews, Wall Street Journal, Jan. 25, 2017 On its website, the American Kidney Fund explains how its charitable premium assistance program works and why it is an essential part of the safety net for low-income dialysis patients.

Organization The American Kidney Fund is headquartered in North Bethesda, Maryland (with a Rockville mailing address). As a 15-time recipient of the top "Four Star" rating from Charity Navigator, the American Kidney Fund is ranked among the top 1 percent of charities nationwide for fiscal accountability. AKF spends 97 cents of every donated dollar on patients and programs and is listed on Charity Navigator's Top 10 charities nationwide that have received the most consecutive four-star ratings. In addition, AKF holds an A+ rating from CharityWatch; adheres to the National Health Council Standards of Excellence; and is a member of the Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance. According to the New York Times, the AKF has favored patients from clinics that contributed to the Kidney Fund, and discouraged other clinics from applying for assistance. Fresenius and DaVita provide nearly 80\% of the AKF ’s funding. According to Tracey Dickey, a social worker, the Kidney Fund sent her guidelines which said that " If your company cannot make fair and equitable contributions, we respectfully request that your organization not refer patients. " LaVarne A. Burton, the Kidney Fund’s chief executive, said that Dickey had misunderstood the guidelines.Kidney Fund Seen Insisting on Donations, Contrary to Government Deal, By KATIE THOMAS and REED ABELSON, New York Times, DEC. 25, 2016 In a statement on its website, the AKF called the article "factually incorrect and unfair " , and said that they have never turned away a patient who was financially qualified to receive a grant, and that 40\% of dialysis providers with patients receiving help do not contribute anything to the AKF . The U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) charged that dialysis providers steered patients to private insurance companies, which cost patients more, rather than to Medicaid and Medicare, which cost patients less but had lower reimbursements for the providers. The providers used the AKF 's subsidies to help patients buy the more-expensive private insurance, according to the CMS.Dialysis providers won't have to disclose financial aid to patients, Dan Mangan, CNBC, Jan. 25, 2017 According to the Wall Street Journal, "The rule took aim at a setup that has come under fire from health insurers, particularly those offering plans on the Affordable Care Act’s marketplaces. Under the setup, dialysis patients get help paying their health-insurance premiums from a charity, which itself gets funding from dialysis providers."Judge Blocks Rule That Would Limit Premium Assistance for Dialysis Patients; Judge issues order delaying rule indefinitely while he hears opposing suit filed by plaintiffs, including DaVita, Fresenius Medical Care, By Anna Wilde Mathews, Wall Street Journal, Jan. 25, 2017 On its website, the AKF explains how its charitable premium assistance program works and why it is an essential part of the safety net for low-income dialysis patients.

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Members Active members Country Member name Year of Affiliation Albania Federata Shqiptare e Aeronautikës 2000 Argentina Confederacion Argentina De Entidades Aerodeportivas 1910 Australia Australian Sport Aviation Confederation 1948 Austria Österreichischer Aero Club 1910 Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Hava və Ekstremal İdman Növləri Federasiyası 2000 Belarus Belarusian Federation of Air Sports 1994 Belgium Royal Belgian Aero Club 1905 Bosnia and Herzegovina Vazduhoplovni Savez Bosne I Hercegovine 1996 Brazil Comissão de Aerodesporto Brasileira 1919 Bulgaria Bulgarski Natsionalen Aeroklub 1934 Canada Aero Club of Canada 1931 Chile Federacion Aerea De Chile 1921 China Aero Sports Federation of China 1921 Chinese Taipei Chinese Taipei Aerosports Federation 1990 Colombia Federacion Colombiana De Deportes Aereos "Federaeros" 1951 Croatia Hrvatski Zrakoplovni Savez 1992 Cuba Aviation Club of Cuba 1927 Cyprus Kypriaki Aerathlitiki Omospondia 1961 Czech Republic Aeroklub České Republiky 1920 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Central Aeronautic Association of D.P.R. Korea 1959 Denmark Kongelig Dansk Aeroklub 1909 Ecuador Club De Aeromodelismo Quito 1953 Egypt Aero Club of Egypt 1911 Estonia Eesti Lennuspordi Föderatsioon 1938 Finland Suomen Ilmailuliitto Ry 1921 France Aero Club de France 1905 Germany Deutscher Aero Club e.V. 1905 Greece Elliniki Aerathlitiki Omospondia 1931 Guatemala Asociacion Guatemalteca De Deportes Aereos 1953 Hong Kong Hong Kong Aviation Club Ltd 1977 Hungary Magyar Repülö- és Légisport Szövetség 1910 Iceland Flugmálafélag Íslands 1937 India Aero Club of India 1949 Indonesia Federasi Aero Sport Indonesia 1973 Ireland National Aero Club of Ireland 1946 Islamic Republic of Iran Kanoone Havanavardiye Iran 1964 Israel Aero Club of Israel 1951 Italy Aero Club D'Italia 1905 Japan Nippon Koku Kyokai 1919 Jordan Royal Aerosports Club of Jordan 1980 Kazakhstan Association of Light Aviation of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1994 Kosovo Federata Aeronautike e Kosovës 2015 Kuwait Kuwait Science Club 1972 Latvia Latvijas Aeroklubs 1938 Lebanon Aero Club du Liban 1924 Libya Libyan Airsports Federation 1975 Lithuania Lietuvos Aeroklubas 1931 Luxembourg Federation Aeronautique Luxembourgeoise 1929 Malaysia Persekutuan Sukan Udara Malaysia 1961 Mexico Federacion Mexicana De Aeronautica, A.C. 1931 Moldova Federatia De Parapantism Din Republica Moldova 1997 Monaco Aero Club De Monaco 1947 Mongolia Mongolian Air Sports Federation 2006 Montenegro Vazduhoplovni Savez Crne Gore 1922 Morocco Federation Royale Marocaine De L'Aviation Legere Et Sportive 1952 Mozambique Aeroclube De Mocambique 1986 Nepal Nepal Airsports Association 2002 Netherlands Koninklijke Nederlandse Vereniging Voor Luchtvaart 1909 New Zealand Royal New Zealand Aero Club Inc. 1952 North Macedonia Vozduhoplovna Federacija Na Makedonija 1993 Norway Norges Luftsportforbund 1909 Pakistan All Pakistan Aero Modelling & Ultralight Association 1955 Peru Federacion Peruana Aerodeportiva 1925 Philippines 3D Air Sports And Hobbies Association, Incorporated 1965 Poland Aeroklub Polski 1920 Portugal Aero Club De Portugal 1913 Qatar Qatar Air Sports Committee 2002 Republic of Korea Daehanmingook Hang Gong Hwe 1959 Romania Federatia Aeronautica Romana 1923 Russia Federatsia Avtsionnogo Sporta Rossii 1909 San Marino Federazione Aeronautica Sammarinese 1971 Saudi Arabia Saudi Aviation Club 1997 Serbia Vazduhoplovni Savez Srbije 1922 Singapore Air Sports Federation of Singapore 1984 Slovakia Slovenský národný aeroklub gen. M.R. Štefánika 1920 Slovenia Letalska Zveza Slovenija 1992 South Africa Aero Club of South Africa 1938 Spain Real FederacIón Aeroáutica Española 1905 Sweden Svenska Flygsportförbundet 1907 Switzerland Aero Club Der Schweiz 1905 Thailand Royal Aeronautics Sports Association of Thailand 1979 Turkey Türk Hava Kurumu 1925 Tunisia Fédération tunisienne d’Aéronautique et d’Aéromodélisme 2015 Ukraine Federation of Aeronautical Sports of Ukraine 1992 United Arab Emirates Emirates Aviation Association 1980 United Kingdom Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom 1905 United States of America National Aeronautic Association Of The USA 1905 Uzbekistan Texnik Va Amaliy Sport Turlari Markazi 1995 Venezuela Asociacion Venezolana De Los Deportes Aeronauticos (A.V.D.A.) 1952 Associate members Country Member Name Bahrain Royal Bahrain Parachuting Committee Brazil Confederacão Brasileira de Aeromodelismo Egypt Egyptian Sport Parachuting And Aeronautics Federation in Parachuting only Liechtenstein Modellfluggruppe LiechtensteinLiechtensteinischer Hängegleiter Verband Mali Fédération Malienne de Sports Air Oman Oman National Free Fall Team Panama Asociacion De Paracaidismo Deportivo De Panama Portugal Federaçâo Portuguesa De AeromodelismoFederaçâo Portuguesa De Voo Livre Qatar Qatar Aeromodelling Racing Team Romania Federatia Romana De Modelism Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis St Kitts And Nevis National Parachute Associating Tunisia Association Tunisienne Des Sports Aeriens Uruguay Centro Uruguayo De Planeadores Suspended members Country Member Name Armenia National Committee of Aeromodelling and Spacemodelling Sports Iraq Al-Sokoor Aero Club Libya Libyan Airsports Federation Montenegro Vazduhoplovni Savez Crne Gore Morocco Fédération Royale Marocaine de l'Aviation Légère et Sportive Pakistan All Pakistan Aero Modelling Ultralight Association Paraguay Asociacion Paraguaya Paracaidismo Deportivo Uruguay Centro Uruguayo de Planeadores

Members Active members Country Member name Year of Affiliation Albania Federata Shqiptare e Aeronautikës 2000 Algeria Federation Algérienne Des Sports Aériens Argentina Confederacion Argentina De Entidades Aerodeportivas 1910 Australia Australian Sport Aviation Confederation 1948 Austria Österreichischer Aero Club 1910 Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Hava və Ekstremal İdman Növləri Federasiyası 2000 Belarus Belarusian Federation of Air Sports 1994 Belgium Royal Belgian Aero Club 1905 Bosnia and Herzegovina Vazduhoplovni Savez Bosne I Hercegovine 1996 Brazil Comissão de Aerodesporto Brasileira 1919 Bulgaria Bulgarski Natsionalen Aeroklub 1934 Canada Aero Club of Canada 1931 Chile Federacion Aerea De Chile 1921 China Aero Sports Federation of China 1921 Chinese Taipei Chinese Taipei Aerosports Federation 1990 Colombia Federacion Colombiana De Deportes Aereos "Federaeros" 1951 Croatia Hrvatski Zrakoplovni Savez 1992 Cuba Aviation Club of Cuba 1927 Cyprus Kypriaki Aerathlitiki Omospondia 1961 Czech Republic Aeroklub České Republiky 1920 Denmark Kongelig Dansk Aeroklub 1909 Egypt Aero Club of Egypt 1911 Estonia Eesti Lennuspordi Föderatsioon 1938 Finland Suomen Ilmailuliitto Ry 1921 France Aero Club de France 1905 Germany Deutscher Aero Club e.V. 1905 Greece Elliniki Aerathlitiki Omospondia 1931 Guatemala Asociacion Guatemalteca De Deportes Aereos 1953 Hong Kong Hong Kong Aviation Club Ltd 1977 Hungary Magyar Repülö- és Légisport Szövetség 1910 Iceland Flugmálafélag Íslands 1937 India Aero Club of India 1949 Indonesia Federasi Aero Sport Indonesia 1973 Ireland National Aero Club of Ireland 1946 Islamic Republic of Iran Kanoone Havanavardiye Iran 1964 Israel Aero Club of Israel 1951 Italy Aero Club D'Italia 1905 Japan Nippon Koku Kyokai 1919 Jordan Royal Aerosports Club of Jordan 2005 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Air Sports Federation 1994 Kosovo Federata Aeronautike e Kosovës 2015 Kuwait Kuwait Science Club 1972 Latvia Latvijas Aeroklubs 1938 Lebanon Aero Club du Liban 1924 Libya Libyan Airsports Federation 1975 Lithuania Lietuvos Aeroklubas 1931 Luxembourg Federation Aeronautique Luxembourgeoise 1929 Malaysia Persekutuan Sukan Udara Malaysia 1961 Moldova Federatia De Parapantism Din Republica Moldova 1997 Mongolia Mongolian Air Sports Federation 2006 Montenegro Vazduhoplovni Savez Crne Gore 1922 Morocco Federation Royale Marocaine De L'Aviation Legere Et Sportive 1952 Mozambique Aeroclube De Mocambique 1986 Nepal Nepal Airsports Association 2002 Netherlands Koninklijke Nederlandse Vereniging Voor Luchtvaart 1909 New Zealand Royal New Zealand Aero Club Inc. 1952 North Macedonia Vozduhoplovna Federacija Na Makedonija 1993 Norway Norges Luftsportforbund 1909 Pakistan All Pakistan Aero Modelling & Ultralight Association 1955 Philippines 3D Air Sports And Hobbies Association, Incorporated 1965 Poland Aeroklub Polski 1920 Portugal Aero Club De Portugal 1913 Qatar Qatar Air Sports Committee 2002 Republic of Korea Daehanmingook Hang Gong Hwe 1959 Romania Federatia Aeronautica Romana 1923 Russia Federatsia Avtsionnogo Sporta Rossii 1909 San Marino Federazione Aeronautica Sammarinese 1971 Saudi Arabia Saudi Aviation Club 1997 Serbia Vazduhoplovni Savez Srbije 1922 Singapore Air Sports Federation of Singapore 1984 Slovakia Slovenský národný aeroklub gen. M.R. Štefánika 1920 Slovenia Letalska Zveza Slovenija 1992 South Africa Aero Club of South Africa 1938 Spain Real FederacIón Aeroáutica Española 1905 Sweden Svenska Flygsportförbundet 1907 Switzerland Aero Club Der Schweiz 1905 Thailand Royal Aeronautics Sports Association of Thailand 1979 Turkey Türk Hava Kurumu 1925 Tunisia Fédération tunisienne d’Aéronautique et d’Aéromodélisme 2015 Ukraine Federation of Aeronautical Sports of Ukraine 1992 United Arab Emirates Emirates Aviation Association 1980 United Kingdom Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom 1905 United States of America National Aeronautic Association Of The USA 1905 Uzbekistan Texnik Va Amaliy Sport Turlari Markazi 1995 Venezuela Asociacion Venezolana De Los Deportes Aeronauticos (A.V.D.A.) 1952 Vietnam Hanoi Air Sports Association Associate members Country Member Name Egypt Egyptian Sport Parachuting And Aeronautics Federation in Parachuting only Liechtenstein Modellfluggruppe LiechtensteinLiechtensteinischer Hängegleiter Verband Oman Oman National Free Fall Team Paraguay Asociacion Paraguaya Paracaidismo Deportivo Portugal Federaçâo Portuguesa De AeromodelismoFederaçâo Portuguesa De Voo Livre Qatar Qatar Rc Sport Center Romania Federatia Romana De Modelism Uruguay Asociacion Uruguaya De Parapente Suspended members Country Member Name Botswana Parachute Association Of Botswana Ecuador Club De Aeromodelismo Quito Iraq Iraqi Aero Federation Mexico Federacion Mexicana De Aeronautica, A.C. Monaco Aero Club De Monaco Palestine Palestine Air Sports Federation Peru Federacion Peruana Aerodeportiva

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Death Shirt died at age 77 on July 18, 2017. She was survived by her 6 children, 31 grandchildren, 35 great-grandchildren, and her numerous traditionally adopted children and grandchildren.Grace Gardens. “Online Tribute for Lillian SHIRT.” Grace Gardens Funeral Chapel, 18 July 2017, www.gracegardensfuneralchapel.com/obituary/lillian-shirt/. References Category: Cree people Category:Indigenous women of the Americas Category:Indigenous activists of the Americas Category:1940 births Category:2017 death

Death Shirt died at age 77 on July 18, 2017. She was survived by her 6 children, 31 grandchildren, 35 great-grandchildren, and her numerous traditionally adopted children and grandchildren.Grace Gardens. “Online Tribute for Lillian SHIRT.” Grace Gardens Funeral Chapel, 18 July 2017, www.gracegardensfuneralchapel.com/obituary/lillian-shirt/. References Category: 1940 births Category:2017 deaths Category: Cree people Category:Indigenous women of the Americas Category:Indigenous activists of the Americas Category:First Nations activists Category:First Nations wom

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Sole author Sculpture in England since the seventeenth century, with special reference to Northamptonshire, Northampton: County Borough of Northampton Museums and Art Gallery, 1968. Guide Book, Drayton House, 1990. Northamptonshire in the Early Eighteenth Century. The Drawings of Peter Tillemans and Others, Northampton: Northamptonshire Record Society, 1996. Contributor to Pevsner Architectural Guides Nikolaus Pevsner, revised by Bridget Cherry, with contributions from Sir Gyles Isham and Bruce Bailey, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, 2nd edition, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973. Bruce Bailey, Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, 3rd edition, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. Review in The Spectator, 9 November 2013. Charles O'Brien, Bruce Bailey, David W. Lloyd and Nikolaus Pevsner, with contributions from Simon Bradley and Barry Cunliffe, Hampshire: South, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. Articles in the Northamptonshire Record Society's Northamptonshire Past & Present (selection) 'Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough and Drayton House: A story of family intrigue and building activity in the late 17th century', 2004. 'A Northamptonshire Lady of Quality in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century: The Journals of Caroline Harriet Stopford of Drayton House', 2006. 'Northamptonshire — You Can't Get Away from It! A Diversion Into Archives', 2009. 'The Restoration of St Andrew's Church, Arthingworth 1871-3: A Contest Between the Architect and the Incumbent', 2013. 'Revising Pevsner', 2013. 'A Carved Stone Head at Blisworth: Part of Holdenby House?', 2013. 'Two Garden Suburbs in Northampton That Never Were: The Spencer Estate, Dallington and the Delapré Garden Village', 2013. Other articles and contributions Contributed drawings and cartography to R L Greenall, A History of Northamptonshire, London: Phillimore, 1979. Contributed photographs to Margaret Whinney, Sculpture in Britain, 1530-1830, 2nd edition, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. Biographical article on Sir Charles Edmund Isham, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. 'Drayton House and its Marble Buffet: A Reconstruction', article with sketch plan and colour illustration, The Furniture History Society newsletter, May 2008.

Sole author Sculpture in England since the seventeenth century, with special reference to Northamptonshire, Northampton: County Borough of Northampton Museums and Art Gallery, 1968. Guide Book, Drayton House, 1990. Northamptonshire in the Early Eighteenth Century. The Drawings of Peter Tillemans and Others, Northampton: Northamptonshire Record Society, 1996. Contributions to Pevsner Architectural Guides Nikolaus Pevsner, revised by Bridget Cherry, with contributions from Sir Gyles Isham and Bruce Bailey, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, 2nd edition, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973. Bruce Bailey, Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, 3rd edition, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. Review in The Spectator, 9 November 2013. Charles O'Brien, Bruce Bailey, David W. Lloyd and Nikolaus Pevsner, with contributions from Simon Bradley and Barry Cunliffe, Hampshire: South, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. Selected articles in Northamptonshire Past & Present 'Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough and Drayton House: A story of family intrigue and building activity in the late 17th century', 2004. 'A Northamptonshire Lady of Quality in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century: The Journals of Caroline Harriet Stopford of Drayton House', 2006. 'Northamptonshire — You Can't Get Away from It! A Diversion Into Archives', 2009. 'The Restoration of St Andrew's Church, Arthingworth 1871-3: A Contest Between the Architect and the Incumbent', 2013. 'Revising Pevsner', 2013. 'A Carved Stone Head at Blisworth: Part of Holdenby House?', 2013. 'Two Garden Suburbs in Northampton That Never Were: The Spencer Estate, Dallington and the Delapré Garden Village', 2013. Other articles and contributions Contributed drawings and cartography to R L Greenall, A History of Northamptonshire, London: Phillimore, 1979. Contributed photographs to Margaret Whinney, Sculpture in Britain, 1530-1830, 2nd edition, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. Biographical article on Sir Charles Edmund Isham, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. 'Drayton House and its Marble Buffet: A Reconstruction', article with sketch plan and colour illustration, The Furniture History Society newsletter, May 2008.

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Sole author Sculpture in England since the seventeenth century, with special reference to Northamptonshire, Northampton: County Borough of Northampton Museums and Art Gallery, 1968. Guide Book, Drayton House, 1990. Northamptonshire in the Early Eighteenth Century. The Drawings of Peter Tillemans and Others, Northampton: Northamptonshire Record Society, 1996. Co-author Victor A Hatley and Bruce A Bailey, Church of St Mary the Virgin, Whiston, Northamptonshire, 1988. Contributions to Pevsner Architectural Guides Nikolaus Pevsner, revised by Bridget Cherry, with contributions from Sir Gyles Isham and Bruce Bailey, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, 2nd edition, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973. Bruce Bailey, Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, 3rd edition, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. Review in The Spectator, 9 November 2013. Charles O'Brien, Bruce Bailey, David W. Lloyd and Nikolaus Pevsner, with contributions from Simon Bradley and Barry Cunliffe, Hampshire: South, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. Selected articles in Northamptonshire Past & Present 'Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough and Drayton House: A story of family intrigue and building activity in the late 17th century', 2004. 'A Northamptonshire Lady of Quality in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century: The Journals of Caroline Harriet Stopford of Drayton House', 2006. 'Northamptonshire — You Can't Get Away from It! A Diversion Into Archives', 2009. 'The Restoration of St Andrew's Church, Arthingworth 1871-3: A Contest Between the Architect and the Incumbent', 2013. 'Revising Pevsner', 2013. 'A Carved Stone Head at Blisworth: Part of Holdenby House?', 2013. 'Two Garden Suburbs in Northampton That Never Were: The Spencer Estate, Dallington and the Delapré Garden Village', 2013.

Sole author Co-author Contributions to Pevsner Architectural Guides </ref> Review in The Spectator, 9 November 2013. <ref> Selected articles in Northamptonshire Past & Present

6542559

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Fight card, more commonly known simply as "the Card" or "the Bill" is a term used to refer to all of the boxing, or another hand-to-hand contact sport such as MMA or kickboxing , matches that occur in the evening of a boxing event. The fight card typically consists of the main event and the undercard. Preliminary bouts that occur before the main broadcast of teh event are also considered to be part of the card.

Fight card, more commonly known simply as "the Card" or "the Bill" is a term used to refer to all of the boxing, MMA or another hand-to-hand contact sport such as kickboxing or wrestling , matches that occur in the duration of a particular event. The fight card typically consists of the main event and the undercard. Preliminary bouts that occur before the main broadcast of teh event are also considered to be part of the card.

65453626

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Protein Level Regulation Post-Translational Modifications C3orf56 has many predicted post-translational modifications. Predicted protein kinase C phosphorylation sites were found at and S6-K8, K181-C183, and S228-R230. Predicted casein kinase II phosphorylation sites at S109-S112, S213-E186, and S218-L220. General phosphorylation sites were predicted at T3, S6, S21, S109, T160, and S227. N-myristoylation sites were predicted to be found at G2-E7, G26-S31, G38-S43, and G146-S151.

Protein level regulation Post-translational modifications C3orf56 has many predicted post-translational modifications. Predicted protein kinase C phosphorylation sites were found at and S6-K8, K181-C183, and S228-R230. Predicted casein kinase II phosphorylation sites at S109-S112, S213-E186, and S218-L220. General phosphorylation sites were predicted at T3, S6, S21, S109, T160, and S227. N-myristoylation sites were predicted to be found at G2-E7, G26-S31, G38-S43, and G146-S151.

6545940

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Pagetoid is a term used in dermatology to refer to "upward spreading" of abnormal cells in the epidermis (ie from bottom to top). It is uncommon and a possible indication of a precancerous or cancerous condition. Cells display pagetoid growth when they invade the upper epidermis from below. Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma in situ, Pagetoid Bowen's disease, ocular sebaceous carcinoma and other carcinomas can all display pagetoid growth. The term Pagetoid ( Paget-like ) is derived from the Extramammary Paget's disease, wherein the large tumour cells are arranged singly or in small clusters within the epidermis and its appendages. These cells are distinguished by a clear halo from the surrounding epithelial cells and a finely granular cytoplasm.Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran's Pathologic Basis of Disease.Elsevier.1069 This proliferation of cells in the epidermis is responsible for the 'buckshot scatter' pattern. This is a typical feature of superficial spreading type of Malignant Melanoma .

Pagetoid is a term used in dermatology to refer to "upward spreading" of abnormal cells in the epidermis (ie from bottom to top). It is uncommon and a possible indication of a precancerous or cancerous condition. Cells display pagetoid growth when they invade the upper epidermis from below. Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma in situ, Pagetoid Bowen's disease, ocular sebaceous carcinoma , and other carcinomas can all display pagetoid growth. The term pagetoid (i.e., ' Paget-like ' ) is derived from the extramammary Paget's disease, wherein the large tumour cells are arranged singly or in small clusters within the epidermis and its appendages. These cells are distinguished by a clear halo from the surrounding epithelial cells and a finely granular cytoplasm.Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Robbins and Cotran's Pathologic Basis of Disease.Elsevier.1069 This proliferation of cells in the epidermis is responsible for the "buckshot scatter" pattern. This is a typical feature of superficial spreading type of melanoma .

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Several other candidates were also found: jupiters : 44, neptunes : 72, superearths : 53, earths : 15.

Several other candidates in size groups were also found: Jupiters : 44, Neptunes : 72, super-Earths : 53, Earths : 15.

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In 1974, Stella Brewer released the chimpanzees into Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park. However, after an incident with a wild community, in 1979 they relocated the survivor chimpanzees in the River Gambia National Park. In 1979, the Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Project was founded with a group of nine chimps on an island, included a chimpanzee raised as a human called Lucy. From the beginning, the chimpanzees were temporary housed in the Abuko Nature Reserve, in The Gambia, where none chimpanzee was released. Posteriorly , the primatologists Stella Brewer and Janis Carter moved to the Baboon Islands in the River Gambia National Park, located 280 km from Banjul. In the beginning, the primatologist Janis Carter was with the group. She taught the chimpanzees how to recognizes food sources and deprators . After an incident with a young male chimp, she leaves the island. In 1982, the rehabilitation center counted with 26 chimpanzees distributed in three different islands. In January 2006, founder-director Stella Brewer died at the age of 56 years old. She was buried at the Project's Camp. Janis Carter remained as Project Manager. Nowadays , there is no contact between humans and chimps. The centre is focused on four areas: education, research, eco-tourism, and development. The centre reports 100 chimpanzees living in three islands.

In 1974, Stella Brewer released the chimpanzees into Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park. However, after an incident with a wild community, in 1979 they relocated the survivor chimpanzees to the River Gambia National Park. In 1979, the Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Project was founded with a group of nine chimps on an island, including a chimpanzee raised as a human called Lucy. From the beginning, the chimpanzees were temporarily housed in the Abuko Nature Reserve, in The Gambia, where no chimpanzees were released. Later , the primatologists Stella Brewer and Janis Carter moved to the Baboon Islands in the River Gambia National Park, located 280 km from Banjul. In the beginning, the primatologist Janis Carter was with the group. She taught the chimpanzees how to recognize food sources and predators . After an incident with a young male chimp, she left the island. In 1982, the rehabilitation center counted 26 chimpanzees distributed across three different islands. In January 2006, founder-director Stella Brewer died at the age of 56. She was buried at the Project's Camp. Janis Carter remained as Project Manager. Now , there is no contact between humans and chimps. The center is focused on four areas: education, research, eco-tourism, and development. The center reports 100 chimpanzees living on three islands.

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Copies of the 46 volumes published so far are available in Italian in over 100 libraries, in Italy and abroad. Furthermore, thanks to the digitisation and OCR optical recognition procedures undertaken by the Economic History Division of the Bank of Italy, these are now also freely readable and downloadable online on the webpages of the URL Methodologically, Ciampi viewed the Historical Series as first and foremost a precious tool serving the present-day decision-making of the Bank. In essence, Ciampi saw the contribution of historical research to macroeconomic policymaking through Schumpeterian lens. Indeed, Ciampi posited that theory and statistical methodology should necessarily be combined by central banks “with a historical perspective, without which one’s pursuit would not reach the calibre of economic analysis”. Ciampi, C.A., 14 giugno 1990. Presentazione della Collana Storica. Banca d’Italia, Roma. In addition to this institutional aim, there existed a more academic and scientific one: “to provide historians and scholars of monetary economics with the tools needed to conduct research on the history of our institution” [emphasis added]. Ciampi, C.A., 14 giugno 1990. Presentazione della Collana Storica. Banca d’Italia, Roma. In this sense then, the Historical Series was seen as “a laboratory of sorts” through which to launch new strands of historical and economic research,Fazio, A., 1994. Intervento di apertura del Governatore della Banca d’Italia, in Ufficio Ricerche Storiche ed., Presentazione della Collana storica della Banca d’Italia. Banca d’Italia. rather than as an attempt by the Bank of Italy to write her own official history.Cotula, F. e Sannucci, V., 1989. Nota sulla ricerca storica della Banca d’Italia. Rivista di Storia Economica, n.3 (ottobre), pp.369-375. This scientific aspiration, already intrinsic to the very conception of the Historical Series, rendered objectivity necessary, hence the decision to turn to prominent academics external to the Bank in order to independently curate the volumes of the Historical Series. This choice thus ensured that the “needs of those who commissioned” the work would be constrained, thereby preserving the scientific validity of the project. Fazio, A., 1994. Intervento di apertura del Governatore della Banca d’Italia, in Ufficio Ricerche Storiche ed., Presentazione della Collana storica della Banca d’Italia. Banca d’Italia. Therein was grounded the appointment of the prominent historian Carlo M. Cipolla as scientific consultant of the publication, after the 1987 disappearance of the economist to whom the position had initially been offered, Federico Caffè. Ciampi, C.A., 1990. La ricerca storica sulla funzione della banca centrale, in Acocella, N., Rey, G.M. e Tiberi, M. eds., Saggi di politica economica in onore di Federico Caffè. Franco Angeli. Moreover, crucial curatorial duties were assigned, particularly for the Documents series, to important personalities external to the Bank, including Marcello de Cecco, Giuseppe Guarino, Luigi Spaventa and Gianni Toniolo. These contributions not only reduced the risk of arbitrariness in the selection of the archival material to be published, but they also led to the production of wide-ranging introductions at the start of each volume, aimed at facilitating the interpretation and contextualisation of the published material. Cotula, F. e Sannucci, V., 1989. Nota sulla ricerca storica della Banca d’Italia. Rivista di Storia Economica, n.3 (ottobre), pp.369-375. As of 2020, the Collana Storica della Banca d’Italia consists of 46 volumes, covering over 26,000 pages, and divided into four sub-series: Documents, Statistics, Analyses, Essays and URL Digital copies of every volume can be freely consulted in Italian on the website of the Bank of Italy. The site also provides, in both Italian and English, the title, index and description of each URL and a section named ‘critical apparatus’, which provides interested readers with further valuable URL The Historical Series is still very much evolving and growing, as exemplified by the important works that were published recently – for instance, Baffigi (2015) on the yearly reconstruction of Italian GDP from 1861 (Statistics series, V volume), Gigliobianco e Toniolo (eds.) (2017) on competition and growth (Analyses series, XIII volume), and Toniolo (ed.) (2013) (Analyses series, XII volume), which brings together the research produced for the reaching of 150 years of Italian economic history. This was presented at the conference Italy and the World Economy, 1861-2011, which took place at Palazzo Koch in 2011. Indeed, ever since its inception, the editorial plan for the publication series has remained “open in character” . Ciampi, C.A., 14 giugno 1990. Presentazione della Collana Storica. Banca d’Italia, Roma. The scientific committee that coordinates the activities surrounding the Historical Series is chaired to this day by the sitting Governor of the Bank of Italy – currently, Ignazio Visco. Divisione Storia Economica e Archivio Storico, 2018. La Storia Economica in Banca d’Italia. Banca d’Italia. Documents Volume URL Statistics Volume URL Analyses Volume URL Essays and Research Volume URL

Copies of the 46 volumes published so far are available in Italian in over 100 libraries, in Italy and abroad. Furthermore, thanks to the digitisation and OCR optical recognition procedures undertaken by the Economic History Division of the Bank of Italy, these are now also freely readable and downloadable online on the webpages of the Bank. Methodologically, Ciampi viewed the Historical Series as first and foremost a precious tool serving the present-day decision-making of the Bank. In essence, Ciampi saw the contribution of historical research to macroeconomic policymaking through Schumpeterian lens. Indeed, Ciampi posited that theory and statistical methodology should necessarily be combined by central banks “with a historical perspective, without which one’s pursuit would not reach the calibre of economic analysis”. In addition to this institutional aim, there existed a more academic and scientific one: “to provide historians and scholars of monetary economics with the tools needed to conduct research on the history of our institution” [emphasis added]. In this sense then, the Historical Series was seen as “a laboratory of sorts” through which to launch new strands of historical and economic research,Fazio, A., 1994. Intervento di apertura del Governatore della Banca d’Italia, in Ufficio Ricerche Storiche ed., Presentazione della Collana storica della Banca d’Italia. Banca d’Italia. rather than as an attempt by the Bank of Italy to write her own official history.Cotula, F. e Sannucci, V., 1989. Nota sulla ricerca storica della Banca d’Italia. Rivista di Storia Economica, n.3 (ottobre), pp.369-375. This scientific aspiration, already intrinsic to the very conception of the Historical Series, rendered objectivity necessary, hence the decision to turn to prominent academics external to the Bank in order to independently curate the volumes of the Historical Series. This choice thus ensured that the “needs of those who commissioned” the work would be constrained, thereby preserving the scientific validity of the project. Therein was grounded the appointment of the prominent historian Carlo M. Cipolla as scientific consultant of the publication, after the 1987 disappearance of the economist to whom the position had initially been offered, Federico Caffè. Moreover, crucial curatorial duties were assigned, particularly for the Documents series, to important personalities external to the Bank, including Marcello de Cecco, Giuseppe Guarino, Luigi Spaventa and Gianni Toniolo. These contributions not only reduced the risk of arbitrariness in the selection of the archival material to be published, but they also led to the production of wide-ranging introductions at the start of each volume, aimed at facilitating the interpretation and contextualisation of the published material. As of 2020, the Collana Storica della Banca d’Italia consists of 46 volumes, covering over 26,000 pages, and divided into four sub-series: Documents, Statistics, Analyses, Essays and Research. Digital copies of every volume can be freely consulted in Italian on the website of the Bank of Italy. The site also provides, in both Italian and English, the title, index and description of each URL and a section named ‘critical apparatus’, which provides interested readers with further valuable material. The Historical Series is still very much evolving and growing, as exemplified by the important works that were published recently – for instance, Baffigi (2015) on the yearly reconstruction of Italian GDP from 1861 (Statistics series, V volume), Gigliobianco e Toniolo (eds.) (2017) on competition and growth (Analyses series, XIII volume), and Toniolo (ed.) (2013) (Analyses series, XII volume), which brings together the research produced for the reaching of 150 years of Italian economic history. This was presented at the conference Italy and the World Economy, 1861-2011, which took place at Palazzo Koch in 2011. Indeed, ever since its inception, the editorial plan for the publication series has remained “open in character” . The scientific committee that coordinates the activities surrounding the Historical Series is chaired to this day by the sitting Governor of the Bank of Italy – currently, Ignazio Visco. Documents Volume list: Statistics Volume list: Analyses Volume list: Essays and Research Volume list:

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The National Marine Science Centre (NMSC) is an Australian university level teaching and research institute, a collaboration between the University of New England and Southern Cross University , sited at Coffs Harbour, New South Wales . The Centre is about 250m from Charlesworth Bay and draws sea water directly from the Pacific Ocean for use in its laboratories . History The Centre was opened on 15 November 2001 by John Anderson MP, Deputy Prime Minister of Australia , and took its first students in 2002. The centre was funded from the Government of Australia's Centenary of Federation Fund. The Centre is sited within the grounds of the Novotel Pacific Bay Resort, several kilometers north of Coffs Harbour. The building was at one time the resort's sports centre, gymnasium, squash courts, and alfresco restaurant.

The National Marine Science Centre (NMSC) is part of the School of Environment, Science and Engineering, at Southern Cross University . Located in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales , on the east coast of Australia and adjacent to the Solitary Islands Marine Park, where both tropical and temperate currents meet. This interesting setting provides practical opportunities in the study of marine science and management for both students and researchers. The NMSC has a state-of-the-art flow-through seawater supply system. Drawing water from Charlesworth Bay , high quality filtered seawater is available on tap in the laboratories, hatchery, aquarium rooms and tank farm. Identified as one of the best systems in Australia, the supply of seawater supports a range of experimental research activities and specialist laboratories, and is backed up by a standby generator and an elaborate alarm system . History The Centre was opened on 15 November 2001 by John Anderson MP, Deputy Prime Minister of Australia . Originally a collaboration between the University of New England and Southern Cross University, it took its first students in 2002. The centre was funded from the Government of Australia's Centenary of Federation Fund. The Centre became soley managed through Southern Cross University in 2010. The Centre is sited within the grounds of the Novotel Pacific Bay Resort, a few kilometers north of Coffs Harbour. The building was at one time the resort's sports centre, gymnasium, squash courts, and alfresco restaurant.

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Science Undergraduate and graduate courses are offered by the participating universities.

Science Undergraduate and graduate courses are offered by Southern Cross University. Bachelor of Marine Science and Management Bachelor of Environmental Science/Bachelor of Marine Science and Management Bachelor of Science with Honours Master of Marine Science and Management

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Category: Filipino archbishops Category:Filipino religious leaders Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category: 21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:Catholic Church in the Philippines Category:People from Cebu Category:Visayan peopl

Category: 21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Philippines Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:Catholic Church in the Philippines Category:People from Cebu Category:Visayan peopl

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The same day the report was published , The Times reported that a plan outlined in the taskforce's report could see exemptions to the two-week quarantine requirements for those forming part of a tour group or those travelling for business, but that business travellers would be prohibited from mixing with other people in any capacity not directly related to their business trip.

One the same day as the taskforce's publication , The Times reported that a plan outlined as part of the recommendations could see exemptions to the two-week quarantine requirements for those forming part of a tour group or those travelling for business, but that business travellers would be prohibited from mixing with other people in any capacity not directly related to their business trip.

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Report of the taskforce On 24 November 2020, the taskforce published a report in which 14 recommendations were made. The recommendations fall within three fundamental precepts: The report discussed the stasis of the beleaguered cruise sector and a recommendation was made for the publication of "epidemiological criteria" in relation to the UK before the sector could be restored to safe operation through a "phased restart".%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% One the same day as the taskforce's publication, The Times reported that a plan outlined as part of the recommendations could see exemptions to the two-week quarantine requirements for those forming part of a tour group or those travelling for business, but that business travellers would be prohibited from mixing with other people in any capacity not directly related to their business trip. Criticism On Friday, 9 October 2020, just two days after the Global Travel Taskforce was inaugurated, an article in The Times referred to the new body as ″a navel-gazing talking shop″. The article title presented a critical view of the timing of the introduction of the taskforce making it clear that it had arrived too late. The Telegraph also carried an article on 9 October 2020 which levelled criticism at the new taskforce, especially noting the frustration of the beleaguered travel industry. Giles Hawke, chief executive of Cosmos Tours, writing in the Telegraph on 16 October 2020, made the statement that from the inception of the taskforce on 7 October, he had been unable to identify anyone in the travel industry of an appropriately high position who could confirm that they had been asked to become involved with the taskforce. Hawke added, "anyone in travel could have told Mr Shapps his solution won't work" and that the taskforce "looks set to deliver an unworkable solution" .

%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Criticism On Friday, 9 October 2020, just two days after the Global Travel Taskforce was inaugurated, an article in The Times referred to the new body as ″a navel-gazing talking shop″. The article title presented a critical view of the timing of the introduction of the taskforce making it clear that it had arrived too late. The Telegraph also carried an article on 9 October 2020 which levelled criticism at the new taskforce, especially noting the frustration of the beleaguered travel industry. Giles Hawke, chief executive of Cosmos Tours, writing in the Telegraph on 16 October 2020, made the statement that from the inception of the taskforce on 7 October, he had been unable to identify anyone in the travel industry of an appropriately high position who could confirm that they had been asked to become involved with the taskforce. Hawke added, "anyone in travel could have told Mr Shapps his solution won't work" and that the taskforce "looks set to deliver an unworkable solution" . Report of the taskforce On 24 November 2020, the taskforce published a report in which 14 recommendations were made. The recommendations fall within three fundamental precepts: The report discussed the stasis of the beleaguered cruise sector and a recommendation was made for the publication of "epidemiological criteria" in relation to the UK before the sector could be restored to safe operation through a "phased restart". One the same day as the taskforce's publication, The Times reported that a plan outlined as part of the recommendations could see exemptions to the two-week quarantine requirements for those forming part of a tour group or those travelling for business, but that business travellers would be prohibited from mixing with other people in any capacity not directly related to their business trip .

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QuietClubbing Gatsby Party in New York on April 8, 2016 Silent Disco with different rim colour on headphones indicating different playlists. A silent disco or silent rave is an event where people dance to music listened to on wireless headphones. Rather than using a speaker system, music is broadcast via a radio transmitter with the signal being picked up by wireless headphone receivers worn by the participants. Those without the headphones hear no music, giving the effect of a room full of people dancing to nothing. History A silent house party in San Francisco, California

QuietClubbing Gatsby Party in New York on April 8, 2016 A silent disco or silent rave is an event where people dance to music listened to on wireless headphones. Rather than using a speaker system, music is broadcast via a radio transmitter with the signal being picked up by wireless headphone receivers worn by the participants. Those without the headphones hear no music, giving the effect of a room full of people dancing to nothing. History Silent Disco with different rim colour on headphones indicating different playlists.

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Reer Diiriye Sugulle sub-clans Jama Diiriye Hirsi Diiriye (Father of Sultan Madar) Aadan Diiriye Ali Diiriye Abdullah Diiriye Yusuf Diiriye Samatar Diiriye Ahmed Diiriye Mahmud Diiriye Ismail Diiriye Egal Diiriye Hussein Diiriye Nur Diiriye Awad Diiriye (Sultan Awad) Abokor Diirye Cismaan Diiriye Guuleed Diiriye. Ammaan Diiriye (Reer Ammaan) Axmed Amaan (father of Sultan Nur) Ismaaciil Amaan Hersi Aman (Sultan Hersi Aman) Hayd Amaan Yey Amaan Magan Amaan Ali Amaan Fidhin Amaan Muhumed Amaan Guled Amaan

Reer Deria Sugulle sub-clans Jama Deria Hirsi Deria (Father of Sultan Madar) Aadan Deria Ali Deria Abdullah Deria Yusuf Deria Samatar Deria Ahmed Deria Mahmud Deria Ismail Deria Egal Deria Hussein Deria Nur Deria Awad Deria (Sultan Awad) Abokor Deria Cismaan Deria Guuleed Deria Ammaan Deria (Reer Ammaan) Axmed Amaan (father of Sultan Nur) Ismaaciil Amaan Hersi Aman (Sultan Hersi Aman) Hayd Amaan Yey Amaan Magan Amaan Ali Amaan Fidhin Amaan Muhumed Amaan Guled Amaan

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Biography 250px|Map of key settlements with Deria's capital Waram visible Diiriye was the second Sultan of the Habr Yunis who came from a lineage of tribal chiefs. His father, Sugulleh , was first Sultan of the Habr Yunis and his Grandfather, Ainashe , was the tribe's Chieftain. The earliest recorded mention of Diiriye is from 1840 by French Explorer Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie. The Sultan had his capital at Waram or 'Wadhan' in Togdheer just northwest of Burao and its important wells. Caravans would pass Waram en route to Berbera through the Sheikh pass and Deria would collect tax and administer affairs of the Habr Yunis from the town.

Biography 250px|Map of key settlements with Deria's capital Waram visible Deria was the second Sultan of the Habr Yunis who came from a lineage of tribal chiefs. His father, Sugulle , was first Sultan of the Habr Yunis and his Grandfather, Ainanshe , was the tribe's Chieftain. The earliest recorded mention of Deria is from 1840 by French Explorer Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie. The Sultan had his capital at Waram or 'Wadhan' in Togdheer just northwest of Burao and its important wells. Caravans would pass Waram en route to Berbera through the Sheikh pass and Deria would collect tax and administer affairs of the Habr Yunis from the town.

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Creating images of the human body or parts of it, to diagnose or examine disease. Bioluminescence imaging — a technique for studying laboratory animals using luminescent protein. Calcium imaging — determining the calcium status of a tissue using fluorescent light. Diffuse optical imaging — using near-infrared light to generate images of the body. Diffusion-weighted imaging — a type of MRI that uses water diffusion. Endoscopy — a procedure using an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Fluorescence lifetime imaging — using the decay rate of a fluorescent sample. Fluorescence image-guided surgery — used to detect fluorescently labelled structures during surgery. Gallium imaging — a nuclear medicine method for the detection of infections and cancers. Imaging agent — a chemical designed to allow clinicians to determine whether a mass is benign or malignant. Imaging studies — which includes many medical imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) — a non-invasive method to render images of living tissues. Microscopy — creating images of objects or features too small to be detectable by the naked human eye. Molecular imaging — used to study molecular pathways inside organisms. Non-contact thermography — is the field of thermography that derives diagnostic indications from infrared images of the human body. Nuclear medicine — uses administered radioactive substances to create images of internal organs and their function. Optical imaging — using light as an investigational tool for biological research and medical diagnosis. Optoacoustic imaging — using the photothermal effect, for the accuracy of spectroscopy with the depth resolution of ultrasound. Photoacoustic Imaging — a technique to detect vascular disease and cancer using non-ionizing laser pulses. Ultrasound imaging — using very high frequency sound to visualize muscles and internal organs.

Creating images of the human body or parts of it, to diagnose or examine disease. Bioluminescence imaging – a technique for studying laboratory animals using luminescent protein. Calcium imaging – determining the calcium status of a tissue using fluorescent light. Diffuse optical imaging – using near-infrared light to generate images of the body. Diffusion-weighted imaging – a type of MRI that uses water diffusion. Endoscopy – a procedure using an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Fluorescence lifetime imaging – using the decay rate of a fluorescent sample. Fluorescence image-guided surgery – used to detect fluorescently labelled structures during surgery. Gallium imaging – a nuclear medicine method for the detection of infections and cancers. Imaging agent – a chemical designed to allow clinicians to determine whether a mass is benign or malignant. Imaging studies – which includes many medical imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a non-invasive method to render images of living tissues. Microscopy – creating images of objects or features too small to be detectable by the naked human eye. Molecular imaging – used to study molecular pathways inside organisms. Non-contact thermography – is the field of thermography that derives diagnostic indications from infrared images of the human body. Nuclear medicine – uses administered radioactive substances to create images of internal organs and their function. Optical imaging – using light as an investigational tool for biological research and medical diagnosis. Optoacoustic imaging – using the photothermal effect, for the accuracy of spectroscopy with the depth resolution of ultrasound. Photoacoustic Imaging – a technique to detect vascular disease and cancer using non-ionizing laser pulses. Ultrasound imaging – using very high frequency sound to visualize muscles and internal organs.

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Center for Creative Photography Family of Man Museum, Clervaux Castle, Luxembourg George Eastman Museum Getty Museum Instituto Moreira Salles International Center of Photography International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum Library of Congress Metropolitan Museum of Art Musée d'Orsay Museo de Arte de Lima Museum of Contemporary Photography Chicago Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Museum of Jewish Heritage Museum of Modern Art National Gallery of Art, Washington DC National Portrait Gallery UK National Portrait Gallery US Niepce Museum NYPL Smithsonian American Art Museum Tate Galleries

Center for Creative Photography Family of Man Museum, Clervaux Castle, Luxembourg George Eastman Museum Getty Museum Instituto Moreira Salles International Center of Photography International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum Library of Congress Metropolitan Museum of Art Musée d'Orsay Museo de Arte de Lima Museum of Contemporary Photography Chicago Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Museum of Jewish Heritage Museum of Modern Art National Gallery of Art, Washington DC National Portrait Gallery UK National Portrait Gallery US Niepce Museum New York Public Library Smithsonian American Art Museum Tate Galleries

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About the competition The competition was established in 2013 by Robert Hołyst and the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the PAS in Warsaw, with the next competition taking place in 2015. In 2017, IOCB Prague started co-sponsoring the event, and since then the competition has been held every year alternately in Prague and Warsaw. Results 2019 (Prague) Winner: 2018 (Warsaw) Winner: 2017 (Prague) Winner: 2015 (Warsaw) 2013 (Warsaw) Winner:

The competition was established in 2013 by Robert Hołyst and the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the PAS in Warsaw, with the next competition taking place in 2015. In 2017, IOCB Prague started co-sponsoring the event, and since then the competition has been held every year alternately in Prague and Warsaw. Recipients 2020 Winner: Claudia Bonfio (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and University of Cambridge, UK), Project: Unlocking Primitive Chemical Messages Finalists: Ivana Drienovska (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Project: New-to-Nature Reactivities in Biocatalysis: A Closer Look at Enzymatic Fluorination Pawel Dydio (Universite de Strasbourg, ISIS, France), Project: Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Chemistry of the Future Christopher Hendon (University of Oregon, USA), Project: A Chemical Fix for Bad Beverages Yunyan Qiu (Northwestern University, USA), Project: Achieving the Holy Grail of Polymer Synthesis Using Catalytic Artificial Molecular Machines 2019 Winner: 2018 Winner: 2017 Winner: 2015 2013 Winner:

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REDIRECT Interdisciplinary

Interdisciplinary arts are a combination of arts that use an interdisciplinary approach involving more than one artistic discipline. Examples of different arts include visual arts, performing arts, musical arts, digital arts, conceptual arts, etc. Interdisciplinary artists apply at least two different approaches to the arts in their artworks. Often a combination of art and technology, typically digital in nature, is involved. See also Electronic Visualisation and the Arts Interdisciplinary Arts Department, Columbia College Chicago Museums and Digital Culture References Category:The arts Category:Academic discipline interacti

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Offshore construction Mariculture Offshore aquaculture Offshore windfarm Floating solar Offshore platform Oil platform Semi-submersible platform Sea fort Accommodation platform Offshore geotechnical engineering Offshore drilling Land reclamation Artificial island Submarine pipelines Underwater habitat

Offshore construction Mariculture Offshore aquaculture Offshore windfarm Floating solar Offshore platform Fixed platform Spar (platform) Tension leg platform Floating production storage and offloading (FPSOs) Oil platform Semi-submersible platform Sea fort Accommodation platform Offshore geotechnical engineering Offshore drilling Land reclamation Artificial island Subsea Submarine pipelines Underwater habitat

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Category:Living people Category: Biophysics Category:Neuroscience Category:1977 births Category:Experimental physicists Category: Microbiology Category:21st-century physicists Category:Princeton University faculty Category:Fellows of the American Physical Societ

Category:Living people Category: Biophysicists Category:Neuroscience Category:1977 births Category:Experimental physicists Category: American microbiologists Category:21st-century American physicists Category:Princeton University faculty Category:Fellows of the American Physical Societ

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Utixo or Tiqua was a god of the Khoi (the native pastoralist people of southwestern Africa), a benevolent deity who lived in the sky, sending rain for the crops, and speaking with thunder. Utixo is sometimes translated as wounded knee. For an alternative pantheon see Khoikhoi mythology. Category:Sky and weather gods Category:Thunder gods Category:Khoi mythology Category:Rain deitie

Utixo or Tiqua was a god of the Khoi (the native pastoralist people of Southwestern Africa). Utixo was a benevolent deity who lived in the sky, sending rain for the crops, and speaking with thunder. Utixo is sometimes translated as wounded knee. Category:Sky and weather gods Category:Thunder gods Category:Khoi mythology Category:Rain deities

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Auls Ruins of the village of Puoga in Maysta In Maysta, there are four major auls, of which three had a permanent population until 1944. In 1944, during the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people, Maysta was abandoned. Like in many mountainous regions of Chechen-Ingush ASSR, the interiors of the residential and battle towers were burned, some of the buildings were destroyed. In 1957, when the Vaynakh people returned, former residents were forbidden to settle in the area. There has been no permanent population in Maysta since 1944. Each of the former villages are built in hard-to-reach places which are in strategic defensive positions. Puoga To the west of Vasar-Kella and Tse-Kella, on the left bank of the Mayst-Khi river, stands the village of Puoga, which includes 6 historical battle towers and many residential buildings. Puoga is several smaller tower complexes, of which each one forms a powerful and well-defended castle, consisting of one battle tower and several residential towers. The towers in Puoga are built with very good knowledge of fortification and defense. Tuga To the south of Puoga, on the left bank of the Mayst-Khi river, stands the village of Tuga, which included 4 historical battle towers and many residential buildings. It is built in similar way as Puoga. It is the furthest to the west of all the Maystoy villages.

Auls Ruins of the village of Puoga in Maysta In Maysta, there are four major auls, of which three had a permanent population until 1944. There are also ruins of at least 5 other villages and tower complexes. In 1944, during the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people, Maysta was abandoned. Like in many mountainous regions of Chechen-Ingush ASSR, the interiors of the residential and battle towers were burned, some of the buildings were destroyed. In 1957, when the Vaynakh people returned, former residents were forbidden to settle in the area. There has been no permanent population in Maysta since 1944. Each of the former villages are built in hard-to-reach places which are in strategic defensive positions. Puoga To the west of Vasar-Kella and Tse-Kella, on the left bank of the Mayst-Khi river, stands the village of Puoga, which includes 6 historical battle towers and many residential buildings. Puoga is several smaller tower complexes, of which each one forms a powerful and well-defended castle, consisting of one battle tower and several residential towers. The towers in Puoga are built with very good knowledge of fortification and defense. Puoga has the highest number of preserved battle towers out of all villages in Chechnya. Tuga To the south of Puoga, on the left bank of the Mayst-Khi river, stands the village of Tuga, which included 4 historical battle towers and many residential buildings. It is built in similar way as Puoga. It is the furthest to the west of all the Maystoy villages. Kocha The southernmost village of the Maystoy society is the aul Kocha, located at the very source of the Mayst-Khi river. There are different theories about Kocha, some say that the village was inhabited all year, others that it was used only during the winter. The village appears on a number of maps until 1944.

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Film The Ultimate Marvel version of Green Goblin appears in the 2018 animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, voiced by Jorma Taccone. While this depiction is primarily based upon the Ultimate comics iteration, visual elements from various other previous incarnations are also amalgamated into the character's design, such as wings in lieu of a glider and his signature pumpkin bombs instead of pyrokinesis. The Green Goblin is one of the Kingpin’s henchmen and battles the original Spider-Man of Miles Morales's universe during the first test of the Super Collider . The Goblin shoves Spider-Man into the collider 's blast, resulting in an explosion that severely injures the web-slinger , but also kills the Green Goblin.

Film The Ultimate Marvel version of Green Goblin appears in the 2018 animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, voiced by Jorma Taccone. While this depiction is primarily based upon the Ultimate comics iteration, visual elements from various other previous incarnations are also amalgamated into the character's design, such as wings in lieu of a glider and his signature pumpkin bombs instead of pyrokinesis. The Goblin is one of the Kingpin’s henchmen and battles the original Spider-Man of Miles Morales's universe during the Super Collider's first test . The Goblin shoves Spider-Man into the machine 's blast, resulting in an explosion that severely injures the web-slinger but also kills the Goblin.

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Category:Ghosts in popular culture Category:Urban legends Category:African folklore Category:Supernatural legends Category:Female legendary creatures Category:Ghosts Category: Fictional ghosts Category: Demons Category:Nigeria mythology Category:Folklor

Category:Ghosts in popular culture Category:Urban legends Category:African folklore Category:Supernatural legends Category:Female legendary creatures Category:Ghosts Category: Demons Category:Nigeria mytholog

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Nigeria In Nigeria, one legend said she was a beautiful teacher in a secondary school . She was known for her beauty and her red heels. Whenever she walked in the hallways her shoes would make the sound 'Koi Koi'. It was also said that she was very nasty to students and would beat them up for no reason. She was fired when she slapped a female student and injured her ear. On her journey back home, Madam Koi Koi was involved in an accident and died. Before she died she swore that she would have her revenge on the school and its students. In another tale, she was a very stylish woman who loved to wear high heel shoes and this became her signature look. She was also a very wicked teacher who flogged the living daylight out of her students every chance she got. Some said she was a straight up sadist and used being a teacher as an excuse to inflict extreme pain and torture whenever she pleased. Her students, tired of the school management's failure to reprimand her, decided to take matters into their own hands. One night, as she was leaving the school, the students cornered her, gagged her so she wouldn't scream, and began to beat her mercilessly . One of them even took of one of hershoes and beat her with it. Then she stopped moving. They had overdone it. She was dead. The students panicked. They threw her body over the school's back fence and ran . People were going to assume armed robbers did the damage . They were in the clear. Or so they thought. One by one the students began to vanish. All but one . The one who had hit her with the shoe . He constantly told everyone what he and the others had done and that he heard the sound of high heels clacking around his hostel every night which he believed meant that she was coming for him but no one believed him. They thought he was just trying to scare them. One night, he decided to go find out where the sound was coming from . He never returned. His body was found in the morning . He had been beaten to death. The school was shut down and all the kids were sent home. These kids, now knowing that the boy was right all along, spread the legend to their new schools. She walks the halls of hostels at night tormenting students and it's also said that if you decide to peep or look at her , you will disappearand never will be seen again .

Nigeria In Nigeria, one legend said she was a teacher in a secondary school known for her beauty and her red heels. Whenever she walked in the hallways her shoes would make the sound 'Koi Koi'. It was also said that she was very nasty to students and would beat them up for no reason. She was fired when she slapped a female student and injured her ear. On her journey back home, she was involved in an accident and died. Before she died she swore that she would have her revenge on the school and its students. In another tale, she was a very stylish woman who loved to wear high heel shoes , becoming her signature look. She was also a very wicked teacher who would flog her students every chance she got. Some said she was a sadist and used being a teacher as an excuse to inflict extreme pain and torture whenever she pleased. Her students, tired of the school management's failure to reprimand her, decided to take matters into their own hands. One night, as she was leaving the school, the students cornered her, gagged her so she wouldn't scream, and began to beat her mercilessly , killing her. After realizing the fact, they threw her body over the school's back fence and ran away in hopes of making witnesses think that the damage was caused by an armed robber. Gradually, every student except the one who hit her with the shoe disappeared . He constantly told everyone what he and the others had done and that he heard the sound of high heels clacking around his hostel every night , which he believed meant that she was coming for him , but no one believed him. One night, he decided to go find out where the sound was coming from , however, he was beaten to death and his body was found the morning after. The school was shut down and all the kids were transferred to new school, these kids later went to spread the legend to their new schools. She walks the halls of hostels at night tormenting students and causing everyone who looks at her to disappear .

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In another tale, she was a very stylish woman who loved to wear high heel shoes, becoming her signature look. She was also a very wicked teacher who would flog her students every chance she got. Some said she was a sadist and used being a teacher as an excuse to inflict extreme pain and torture whenever she pleased. Her students, tired of the school management's failure to reprimand her, decided to take matters into their own hands. One night, as she was leaving the school, the students cornered her, gagged her so she wouldn't scream, and began to beat her mercilessly, killing her. The school was shut down and all the kids were transferred to new school , these kids later went to spread the legend to their new schools. She walks the halls of hostels at night tormenting students and causing everyone who looks at her to disappear. Ghana In Ghana, one of the legends said she was a teacher, who taught at a certain school where the students were very troublesome and she spent most of her time chasing them around, trying to bring them to order. One day she chased a boy across a street, waving one of her shoes in the air as she went, but didn't see a car coming and was knocked down and killed instantly. Her red high heeled shoe was sent flying away. To this day, her ghost is said to appear in classrooms in the form of a single red shoe, whilst a voice screams out, "Where's my shoe?" . The legend also said if you ever come across her, you are supposed to run and scream “Madam High heel !! !”.

In another tale, she was a very stylish woman who loved to wear high heel shoes, becoming her signature look. She was also said to be a very wicked teacher who would flog her students every chance she got. Some said she was a sadist and used being a teacher as an excuse to inflict extreme pain and torture whenever she pleased. Her students, tired of the school management's failure to reprimand her, decided to take matters into their own hands. One night, as she was leaving the school, the students cornered her, gagged her so she wouldn't scream, and began to beat her mercilessly, killing her. The school was shut down and all the kids were transferred to new schools , these kids later went to spread the legend to their new schools. She walks the halls of hostels at night tormenting students and causing everyone who looks at her to disappear. Ghana In Ghana, one of the legends said she was a teacher, who taught at a certain school where the students were very troublesome and she spent most of her time chasing them around, trying to bring them to order. One day , she chased a boy across a street, waving one of her shoes in the air as she went, but didn't see a car coming and was knocked down and killed instantly. Her red high heeled shoe was sent flying away. Her ghost is said to appear in classrooms in the form of a single red shoe, whilst a voice screams out, "Where's my shoe?" The legend also said if you came across her, you are supposed to run and scream “Madam High heel !”.

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Category: Filipino bishops Category:Filipino religious leaders Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category: 21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Catholic Church in the Philippines Category:People from Bohol Category:Visayan peo

Category: 21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Philippines Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bohol Category:Visayan peo

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Medical cannabis The government has officially legalized medical use of cannabis oil for cancer patients on 7 January 2017. Republic of Cyprus, which Northern Cyprus de jure a part of, has also legalized medical cannabis production later that year, though the use of medical cannabis has only been legalized in early 2019 by House of Representatives of Cyprus. In May 2020 National Unity Party of Northern Cyprus MP Oğuzhan Hasipoğlu expressed that production of medical cannabis "soon could be discussed in the parliament.". He has claimed that medical cannabis production could help patients with pain issues and would also be beneficial to country's economy.

Medical cannabis The government officially legalized medical use of cannabis oil for cancer patients on January 7, 2017. Republic of Cyprus, which Northern Cyprus de jure a part of, has also legalized medical cannabis production later that year, though the use of medical cannabis has only been legalized in early 2019 by House of Representatives of Cyprus. In May 2020 National Unity Party of Northern Cyprus MP Oğuzhan Hasipoğlu expressed that production of medical cannabis "soon could be discussed in the parliament.". He has claimed that medical cannabis production could help patients with pain issues and would also be beneficial to country's economy.

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Category:Nephrology Creatinine ( or ; from ) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).Creatinine in Mayo Clinic Category:Guanidines Category:Metabolism Category:Renal physiology Category:Imidazolidine

Creatinine ( or ; from ) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).Creatinine in Mayo Clinic Category:Guanidines Category:Metabolism Category:Nephrology Category:Renal physiology Category:Imidazolidine

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Category: Filipino bishops Category:Filipino religious leaders Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category: 21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Catholic Church in the Philippines Category:People from Misamis Oriental Category:Visayan peo

Category: 21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Philippines Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:People from Misamis Oriental Category:Visayan peo

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History of circus academy in India In 1888, Chatre's Great Indian Circus toured Thalassery, Kannur, Kerala. It was in Thalassery that Chatre met Kalaripayattu (a type of traditional marshal art) and gymnastic trainer Keeleri Kunjikannan . An agreement was signed between Keeleri Kunjikannan and Chatre, according to that Keeleri Kunjikannan agreed to train the trainees for the circus and Chatre agreed to employ them. For this, Keeleri started a new circus school at Chirappuram near Thalassery, Kannur. Later in 1901, The Kerala government started a Circus Academy in Thalassery, Kannur. It was the first government circus academy in the country.

History of circus academy in India In 1888, Chatre's Great Indian Circus toured Thalassery, Kannur, Kerala. It was in Thalassery that Chatre met Kalaripayattu (a type of traditional marshal art) and gymnastic trainer Keeleri Kunhikannan . An agreement was signed between Keeleri Kunhikannan and Chatre, according to that Keeleri Kunhikannan agreed to train the trainees for the circus and Chatre agreed to employ them. For this, Keeleri started a new circus school at Chirappuram near Thalassery, Kannur. The name of his institute was All India Circus Training Hall. In 1901, The Kerala government started a Circus Academy in Thalassery, Kannur. It was the first government circus academy in the country.

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The Somaliland Declaration of Independence (formally Republic of Somaliland) it was the restoration of sovereignty over Somaliland from the Somali Democratic Republic. Restoration of Sovereignty was proclaimed in Burao after Somaliland War of Independence on 18 May 1991 by Somali Sultans from the Isaaq, Dhulbahante, Issa, Gadabursi, Warsangali clans and the Somali National URL The Northern Peace Process Garad Abdiqani Garad Jama of the Dhulbahante who tabled the case for succession Woqooyi Galbeed 1. Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah 2. Sultan Abdi SH. ahamed 3. Sultan Mohamed Sultan Abdiqadir 4. Sultan Sahardiid Sultan Diirye 5. Sultan Ismael Muse Togdheer 6. Sultan Yuusuf Sultan Hirsi Sanaag 7. Sultan Rashiid Sultan Ali 8. Sultan Ismael Sultan mahamed 9. Ahmed Shiikh Saalah Sool 10. Shiikh Daahir Haaji Hasan 11. Ahmed Hirsi Awl 12. Garad Abdiqani Garad Jama 13. Sultan Ali Muse Awdal 14. Sultan Mahamed Jama 15. Shiikh Muse Jama 16. Hasan Cumar Samatar 17. Mahamed Warsame Shiil British Somaliland Somaliland War of Independence State of Somaliland List of international declarations

The Somaliland Declaration of Independence (formally Republic of Somaliland) was proclaimed on 18 May 1991 by Somali Sultans from the Isaaq, Dhulbahante, Issa, Gadabursi, Warsangali clans and the Somali National URL The Northern Peace Process Garaad Abdiqani of the Dhulbahante who tabled the case for succession Woqooyi Galbeed 1. Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah 2. Sultan Abdi SH. ahamed 3. Sultan Mohamed Sultan Abdiqadir 4. Sultan Sahardiid Sultan Diirye 5. Sultan Ismael Muse Togdheer 6. Sultan Yuusuf Sultan Hirsi Sanaag 7. Sultan Rashiid Sultan Ali 8. Sultan Ismael Sultan mahamed 9. Ahmed Shiikh Saalah Sool 10. Shiikh Daahir Haaji Hasan 11. Ahmed Hirsi Awl 12. Garaad Abdiqani Garaad Jama 13. Sultan Ali Muse Awdal 14. Sultan Mahamed Jama 15. Shiikh Muse Jama 16. Hasan Cumar Samatar 17. Mahamed Warsame Shiil British Somaliland Somali Civil War State of Somaliland List of international declarations

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Ministry of Internal Affairs and Municipalities 1. Saleebaan Mohamed Aadan Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2. Sheekh Yusuf Sh. Ali Sh. Madar Ministry of Finance 3. Ismail Mohamoud Hurry Ministry of Reconstruction & Rehabilitation 4. Hasan Adan Wadadid Ministry of Defence 5. Mohamed Kaahin Ahmed Mystery of Commerce & Industries 6. Daahir Mohamed Yusuf Ministry of Religion & Justice 7. Ahmed Ismail Abdi Ministry of Health & Labour 8. Abiib Diiriye Nuur Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports 9. Abdirahman Aw Farah Ministry of Fisheries & Coasts 10. Omer Eisa Awale Ministry of Planning & Development 11. Jama Rabile Good Ministry of Minerals & Water 12. Mohamed Ali Aateeye Ministry of Housing & Public Works 13. Mahdi Abdi Amarre Minstery of Information Tourists 14. Osman Aadan Dool Ministry of Livestock 15. Yasin Ahmed Haji Nur Ministry of Telecommunications & Transport (Somaliland) 16. Mohamoud Abdi Ali Bayr Ministry of Agriculture & Environment 17. Sa’ed Mohamed Nur Ministry of Presidency 18. Yusuf Mohamed Ali Minstery of Internal Affairs 19. Ahmed Jambir Suldan Vice Minstery of Defence 20. Dahir Sheekh Abdillahi Vice Minstery of Finance 21. Aadan Jama Sahar Vice Minstery of Justice 22. Sheekh Mohamed Jama Aadan

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Municipalities : Saleebaan Mohamed Aadan Ministry of Foreign Affairs : Sheekh Yusuf Sh. Ali Sh. Madar Ministry of Finance : Ismail Mohamoud Hurry Ministry of Reconstruction & Rehabilitation : Hasan Adan Wadadid Ministry of Defence : Mohamed Kaahin Ahmed Mystery of Commerce & Industries : Daahir Mohamed Yusuf Ministry of Religion & Justice : Ahmed Ismail Abdi Ministry of Health & Labour : Abiib Diiriye Nuur Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports : Abdirahman Aw Farah Ministry of Fisheries & Coasts : Omer Eisa Awale Ministry of Planning & Development : Jama Rabile Good Ministry of Minerals & Water : Mohamed Ali Aateeye Ministry of Housing & Public Works : Mahdi Abdi Amarre Minstery of Information Tourists : Osman Aadan Dool Ministry of Livestock : Yasin Ahmed Haji Nur Ministry of Telecommunications & Transport (Somaliland) : Mohamoud Abdi Ali Bayr Ministry of Agriculture & Environment : Sa’ed Mohamed Nur Ministry of Presidency : Yusuf Mohamed Ali Minstery of Internal Affairs : Ahmed Jambir Suldan Vice Minstery of Defence : Dahir Sheekh Abdillahi Vice Minstery of Finance : Aadan Jama Sahar Vice Minstery of Justice : Sheekh Mohamed Jama Aadan

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Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category: Tsukuba University alumni Category: 21st-century Peruvian scientists Category:21st-century Japanese scientist

Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category: 21st-century Peruvian scientists Category:21st-century Japanese scientist

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Marino Morikawa is a Peruvian-Japanese environmental scientist (b. 1977) who developed an original decontamination process applied to bodies of water using nanotechnology. Career His work became well-known when a short NatGeo news reportfeatured him for the decontamination process that successfully restored the small Lake El Cascajo in Chancay, Peru, his home town , using what he terms "bubble nanotechnology. " He had already researched this process, however, he had never tried it before. His father contacted him when he heard that there were plans to cover the lake due to the fact it was so thoroughly contaminated. The recently graduated Morikawa decided to travel to his childhood home and decontaminate it himself. Many residents warned him that the lake was so fouled that he would get sick, but he ignored them. Decontaminating the lake took him 15 days. Because of his efforts, more than 70 species of birds and fish returned to the area, as well as people. Residents also started efforts to take care of the lake.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Further projects The success of his technology also led to the creation of his own company, Nanoplus 7, which is dedicated to the decontamination of bodies of water. Morikawa has since helped decontaminate around 30 habitats around the world. Currently, Morikawa is working on the decontamination effort of Chira River in the Ecuadorian Andes, and lakes Titicaca, Huacachina and Alalay in Peru.

Marino Morikawa is a Peruvian-Japanese environmental scientist (b. 1977) . He is known for environmental work in Peru. Career His work became well-known when featured in a National Geographic news report. The report covered his work on the restoration of Lake El Cascajo in Chancay, Peru, his home town . %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Morikawa also founded his own company, Nanoplus 7, which is dedicated to the decontamination of bodies of water. Morikawa has worked on up to 30 habitats around the world. Currently, Morikawa is working on the decontamination effort of Chira River in the Ecuadorian Andes, and lakes Titicaca, Huacachina and Alalay in Peru.

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In 2000 JAG The group comprises the Women’s Crisis Centre, Penang, the Women’s Development Centre, the Women’s Aid Organization, All Women’s Action Society, Sisters in Islam, the Women’s Section of the Malaysian Trades Union Congress, Persatuan Sahabat Wanita, Selangor and the Women’s Candidacy Initiative. reconvened to petition for legislation on sexual harassment at the workplace to address the legal gap highlighted by the terminations. Within six weeks, WCC and other women’s groups, as well as trade unions and worker’s association collected 12,800 signatures from individuals and the endorsement of 64 organisations comprising civil, professional, health, workers, social, political and other interest groups. MOHR was invited to accept the petitions on 30 June 2000. The draft bill Learning from past errors where campaigns for legal reforms was not supported by a model legislation, JAG then drafted and submitted a full draft legislation on sexual harassment to MOHR on 30 March 2001. An international round table discussion was held where international experts International Labour Organisation, New Zealand Human Rights Commission and Hong Kong University and local government officers including those from the Attorney General’s Chambers, Labour Office and NGOs was unanimous in calling for legislation on sexual harassment. WCC hosted the draft bill on their website, where members of the public can view the proposed legislation.

In 2000 JAG The group comprises the Women’s Crisis Centre, Penang, the Women’s Development Centre, the Women’s Aid Organization, All Women’s Action Society, Sisters in Islam, the Women’s Section of the Malaysian Trades Union Congress, Persatuan Sahabat Wanita, Selangor and the Women’s Candidacy Initiative. reconvened to petition for legislation on sexual harassment at the workplace to address the legal gap highlighted by the terminations. Within six weeks, WCC and other women’s groups, as well as trade unions and worker’s association gathered 12,800 signatures from individuals and the endorsement of 64 organisations comprising civil, professional, health, workers, social, political and other interest groups. MOHR was invited to accept the petitions on 30 June 2000. The draft bill Having learnt from past errors where campaigns for legal reforms were not supported by model legislations, JAG drafted and submitted a full draft legislation on sexual harassment to MOHR on 30 March 2001. An international round table discussion was held where international experts International Labour Organisation, New Zealand Human Rights Commission and Hong Kong University and local government officers including those from the Attorney General’s Chambers, Labour Office and NGOs was unanimous in calling for legislation on sexual harassment. WCC hosted the draft bill on their website, where members of the public can view the proposed legislation.

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Operational definitions are also used to define system states in terms of a specific, publicly accessible process of preparation or validation testing , which is repeatable at will . For example, 100 degrees Celsius may be crudely defined by describing the process of heating water at sea level until it is observed to boil . An item like a brick, or even a photograph of a brick, may be defined in terms of how it can be made. Likewise, iron may be defined in terms of the results of testing or measuring it in particular ways .

Operational definitions are also used to define system states in terms of a specific, publicly accessible process of preparation or validation testing . For example, 100 degrees Celsius may be operationally defined as the process of heating water at sea level until it is observed to boil .

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Vandervert (1980/1988) described in scientific detail a simple, everyday illustration of an operational definition in terms of making a cake (i.e., its recipeis an operational definition used in a specialized laboratory known as the household kitchen) .Vandervert, L. (1988). Operational definitions made simple, useful, and lasting. In M. Ware & C. Brewer (Eds.), Handbook for teaching statistics and research methods (pp. 132–134). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (Original work published 1980) Similarly, the saying, if it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be some kind of duck, may be regarded as involving a sort of measurement process or set of tests (see duck test).

A cake can be operationally defined by a cake recipe .Vandervert, L. (1988). Operational definitions made simple, useful, and lasting. In M. Ware & C. Brewer (Eds.), Handbook for teaching statistics and research methods (pp. 132–134). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (Original work published 1980)

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Since the early 16th century, Panama's geographic location gave the country a comparative advantage. From the earliest Spanish times, gold and silver from Peru would be transported to Spain via the Panama isthmus. Ports on each coast and a trail between them handled much of Spain's colonial trade to the benefit of the inhabitants of the port cities. The country has always been dependent on world commerce for its prosperity and imports. Agriculture received little attention until the 20th century, and by the 1980s had for most of the population barely developed beyond indigenous Indian techniques. Industry developed slowly because the flow of goods from Europe and later from North America created a disincentive for local production. In the 1970s and 1980s, Panama's growth fluctuated with the vagaries of the world economy. After 1973, economic expansion slowed considerably as a result of a number of international and domestic factors. Real GDP growth averaged 3.5\% a year between 1973 and 1979. In the early 1980s, the economy rebounded with GDP growth rates of 15.4\% in 1980, 4.2\% in 1981, and 5.6\% in 1982. The acute recession in Latin America after 1982, however, wreaked havoc on Panama's economy. GDP growth in 1983 was a mere 0.4\%, but -0.4\% in 1984. In May 2009, Ricardo Martinelli was elected president, and promised to promote free trade, establish a metro system at an approximate cost of $1.0 billion, reform the health care system, and complete the expansion plan for the Panama Canal. Martinelli also emphasized the importance of transforming Panama into a “safer, modern and supportive” nation devoted to improving the living conditions of its population through efficient and accountable governance

This article describes the economic history of Panama. Early history Since the early 16th century, Panama's geographic location gave the country a comparative advantage. From the earliest Spanish times, gold and silver from Peru would be transported to Spain via the Panama isthmus. Ports on each coast and a trail between them handled much of Spain's colonial trade to the benefit of the inhabitants of the port cities. The country has always been dependent on world commerce for its prosperity and imports. Agriculture received little attention until the 20th century, and by the 1980s had for most of the population barely developed beyond indigenous Indian techniques. Industry developed slowly because the flow of goods from Europe and later from North America created a disincentive for local production. 1970s-present In the 1970s and 1980s, Panama's growth fluctuated with the vagaries of the world economy. After 1973, economic expansion slowed considerably as a result of a number of international and domestic factors. Real GDP growth averaged 3.5\% a year between 1973 and 1979. In the early 1980s, the economy rebounded with GDP growth rates of 15.4\% in 1980, 4.2\% in 1981, and 5.6\% in 1982. The acute recession in Latin America after 1982, however, wreaked havoc on Panama's economy. GDP growth in 1983 was a mere 0.4\%, but -0.4\% in 1984. In May 2009, Ricardo Martinelli was elected president, and promised to promote free trade, establish a metro system at an approximate cost of $1.0 billion, reform the health care system, and complete the expansion plan for the Panama Canal. Martinelli also emphasized the importance of transforming Panama into a “safer, modern and supportive” nation devoted to improving the living conditions of its population through efficient and accountable governance . References Category:History of Panama Category

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Religious Trauma Syndrome (RTS) is recognized in psychology and psychotherapy as a set of symptoms, ranging in severity, experienced by those who have participated in and left behind authoritarian, dogmatic, and controlling religious groups and belief systems. Symptoms include cognitive, affective, functional, and social/cultural issues as well as developmental delays. The term Religious Trauma Syndrome was coined in 2011 by psychologist Dr. Marlene Winell in an article for British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies, though the phenomenon was recognized long before that. The term has circulated among psychotherapists, former fundamentalists, and others recovering from religious indoctrination Winell explains the need for a label and the benefits of naming the symptoms encompassed by RTS as similar to naming anorexia as a disorder: the label can lessen shame and isolation for survivors while promoting diagnosis, treatment, and training for professionals who work with those suffering from the condition.Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery, Basic Books, 1997, p. 157. Survivors report relief when they find out that RTS is “real.” Symptoms of RTS As symptoms of Religious Trauma Syndrome , psychologists have recognized dysfunctions that vary in number and severity from person to person. Religious Harm and Trauma The psychological harm that can be caused by authoritarian religion has been addressed by authors prior to the naming of Religious Trauma Syndrome . These writings have included work by psychologists and therapists (Tarico, Ray, Winell, Kramer & Alstad, Hassan, Cohen, Watters, Greven, Moyers), and many memoirs from former believers, including former pastors (Babinski, Loftus, Barker, deWitt). The work of cult specialist Stephen Hassan applies to any authoritarian group that applies "undue influence." Journalist Janet Heimlich, in her research on child maltreatment in religious communities, identified the most damaging groups as having a Bible belief system that creates an authoritarian, isolative, threat-based model of reality. Growing Awareness of RTS Discussion about Religious Trauma Syndrome is becoming more widespread in the media, including major, mainstream outlets.2021-06-12 and internet sources of news. Awareness is becoming global, in terms of people seeking help and in the news. Further Research To recognize RTS, it is not necessary to say that all religion and spirituality is harmful. It appears that certain kinds of religion, typically fundamentalist and patriarchal, have both toxic teachings and toxic practices. The damage done is through these mechanisms. Of course any religious group can also have healthy teachings and healthy practices. Rather than deciding whether religion in general is toxic or healthy, a more productive pursuit would be to study the mechanisms that cause damage. External links Website of the Religious Trauma Institute See also Religious abuse References%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Submitting for review Religion Religious fundamentalism Category:Barriers to critical thinking Post-traumatic stress disorder Category:Abnormal psychology Category:Adverse childhood experiences Category:Psychiatric diagnosis Category:Trauma and stressor related disorders Category:Trauma ty

Religious trauma syndrome (RTS) is recognized in psychology and psychotherapy as a set of symptoms, ranging in severity, experienced by those who have participated in and left behind authoritarian, dogmatic, and controlling religious groups and belief systems. Symptoms include cognitive, affective, functional, and social/cultural issues as well as developmental delays. The term religious trauma syndrome was coined in 2011 by psychologist Marlene Winell in an article for British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies, though the phenomenon was recognized long before that. The term has circulated among psychotherapists, former fundamentalists, and others recovering from religious indoctrination Winell explains the need for a label and the benefits of naming the symptoms encompassed by RTS as similar to naming anorexia as a disorder: the label can lessen shame and isolation for survivors while promoting diagnosis, treatment, and training for professionals who work with those suffering from the condition.Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery, Basic Books, 1997, p. 157. Survivors report relief when they find out that RTS is “real.” Symptoms As symptoms of religious trauma syndrome , psychologists have recognized dysfunctions that vary in number and severity from person to person. Religious harm and trauma The psychological harm that can be caused by authoritarian religion has been addressed by authors prior to the naming of religious trauma syndrome . These writings have included work by psychologists and therapists (Tarico, Ray, Winell, Kramer & Alstad, Hassan, Cohen, Watters, Greven, Moyers), and many memoirs from former believers, including former pastors (Babinski, Loftus, Barker, deWitt). The work of cult specialist Stephen Hassan applies to any authoritarian group that applies "undue influence." Journalist Janet Heimlich, in her research on child maltreatment in religious communities, identified the most damaging groups as having a Bible belief system that creates an authoritarian, isolative, threat-based model of reality. Growing awareness Discussion about religious trauma syndrome is becoming more widespread in the media, including major, mainstream outlets.2021-06-12 and internet sources of news. Awareness is becoming global, in terms of people seeking help and in the news. Further research To recognize RTS, it is not necessary to say that all religion and spirituality is harmful. It appears that certain kinds of religion, typically fundamentalist and patriarchal, have both toxic teachings and toxic practices. The damage done is through these mechanisms. Of course any religious group can also have healthy teachings and healthy practices. Rather than deciding whether religion in general is toxic or healthy, a more productive pursuit would be to study the mechanisms that cause damage. See also Religious abuse References External links Website of the Religious Trauma Institute %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Category:Religion Category: Religious fundamentalism Category:Barriers to critical thinking Category: Post-traumatic stress disorder Category:Abnormal psychology Category:Adverse childhood experiences Category:Psychiatric diagnosis Category:Trauma and stressor related disorders Category:Trauma ty

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In the bioreactor, stem cells undergo myogenesis - the differentiation into muscle tissue. Embryonic cells with high levels of twist and sloppy paired transcription factors code for zygotic genes which then activate the dorsal proteins within the cells. Dorsal proteins are inherited from the animal ’ s mother and encourage the cells to divide, morph and collectively form a monolayer over the ectoderm. The ectoderm is one of three embryonic germ layers which the new monolayer folds over in order to produce the mesoderm. The embryonic cells are now mesodermal cells. Because of “cross talk” between the ectodermal and mesodermal layers, ectodermal signaling molecules such as Wingless and Decapentaplegic induce patterning in mesodermal cells. In particular, they influence whether or not the mesodermal cells have cardiac or somatic fates. Signaling within the mesodermal layer (autonomous signaling) results in segmentation gene products called Sloppy Paired and Even Skipped. These segmentation gene products create larger patterning trends based on how much Twist transcription factor is expressed in a particular zone. For instance, Zones with low Twist and high Even Skipped eventually give rise to cells with cardiac and vascular lineage and cells with high Twist and high Sloppy Paired eventually give rise to cells with somatic muscle. 289x289px|Founder cells and fusion competent myoblasts connect to form multinucleated muscle fibres. This generates equivalence groups, or regions of cell with similar lineage potential. Notch Signalling will then act on these equivalence groups and encourage the mesodermal cells to divide into two identical daughter cells - one of which will become a myogenic progenitor and the other, a fusion-competent myoblast. Then, these myogenic progenitors divide asymmetrically. In the first case, the two daughter cells can become founder cells with low expressions of Twist. Founder cells are the basis for muscle tissue which other cells bind to in order to create fibers. Alternatively, one daughter cell can become a founder cell (with low Twist), and the other can become an adult muscle precursor (with high Twist). The adult muscle precursors (AMPs) are quiescent until the larval stage while the muscle precursors are not due to Numb Signalling. Notch Signalling combined with Twist expression discourages cell differentiation. Numb protein inhibits Notch and is mostly active around founder cell equivalence groups rather than AMPs. This results in differentiation being repressed in the AMPs while the founder cells begin to specialize. Temperature. Mammalian cells developing in vivo are incubated at 37 degrees celsius . Simulating such a warm climate in a bioreactor requires energy inputs which thus increase production costs. Insect tissue can be grown to scale at room temperature or colder with little to no hindrance in cell development. Culture Conditions. As mammalian cells digest and metabolize glucose, they produce byproducts such as lactic acid which accumulate and acidify the cell's environment. The ability with which cells are able to uptake nutrients depends on the pH of the environment - it must be within a certain window for optimal growth. Lactic acid accumulation leads to inferior growth conditions for the cell. As such the environment must be “rebalanced” which is typically accomplished by replacing the entire culture medium frequently as every 2–3 days. However, the saturated culture media may still contain viable nutrients which makes the practise wasteful and expensive. Insect cells in part circumvent lactate production but are also tolerant to more acidic environments. When insect cell growth was compared at a pH of 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5, negligible difference was noted. As a result, insect cultures can have their media replaced in as long as 90 days. This is compounded by the fact that insect cells do not deplete added nutrients as fast as mammalian cells. They consume triglycerides, glucose and proteins at a slower rate suggesting that they have more efficient metabolic pathways. Additionally, insect cell cultures are typically contaminated with lipid cells called trophocytes or vitellophages which are precursors to insect egg yolk cells. These cells are a natural source of fat which can be consumed by the other insect cells. Serum Free Culture Media. Culture media is an instrumental part of cellular agriculture and generating cultured tissue because it ’s effectively what allows scientists to begin with a relatively small sample of animal stem cells and end up with enough to constitute an entire tissue. In order to proliferate, a cell does not only require essential nutrients and macromolecules but also growth factors. When mammalian cells grow in vivo, these growth factors are supplied by the animal ’ s blood. In order to replicate this, the culture medium usually consists of a basal mixture supplemented with extra growth factors. The basal medium makes up the bulk of the culture and contains most of the nutrients while the growth factors are added in trace amounts. As a result, the natural starting point is combining Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) into the culture media. FBS is somewhat controversial because it comes from the blood of a dairy cow fetus. The two issues with this is that it is a) reliant on animals, hence defeating the goal of cellular agriculture and b) expensive because it is so inaccessible. Additionally, from a scientific perspective, FBS is chemically undefined, meaning that its composition varies between animals. For the sake of research consistency, this is not desirable. The ideal culture medium is one that is simple, can stimulate proliferation, is unreliant on animals, is accessible and is cheap. However, because of the fact that mammalian cells rely on a complex array of growth factors, finding a culture medium that satisfies all 5 of these criteria is an ongoing challenge. Insect cells on the other hand, come from insects which are biologically simpler organisms than mammals. They contain a fluid called hemolymph rather than blood and so do not rely on all the same growth factors as mammalian cells. Instead, insect cell medium typically uses a basal medium (such as Eagle ’ s Medium, Grace ’ s Insect Medium or Schneider ’ s Drosophila Medium) which is supplemented with plant based additives such as yeastolate, primatone RL, hydrolysates, pluronic lipids and peptides.

In the bioreactor, stem cells undergo myogenesis - the differentiation into muscle tissue. Embryonic cells with high levels of twist and sloppy paired transcription factors code for zygotic genes which then activate the dorsal proteins within the cells. Dorsal proteins are inherited from the animal ' s mother and encourage the cells to divide, morph and collectively form a monolayer over the ectoderm. The ectoderm is one of three embryonic germ layers which the new monolayer folds over in order to produce the mesoderm. The embryonic cells are now mesodermal cells. Because of "cross talk" between the ectodermal and mesodermal layers, ectodermal signaling molecules such as Wingless and Decapentaplegic induce patterning in mesodermal cells. In particular, they influence whether or not the mesodermal cells have cardiac or somatic fates. Signaling within the mesodermal layer (autonomous signaling) results in segmentation gene products called Sloppy Paired and Even Skipped. These segmentation gene products create larger patterning trends based on how much Twist transcription factor is expressed in a particular zone. For instance, Zones with low Twist and high Even Skipped eventually give rise to cells with cardiac and vascular lineage and cells with high Twist and high Sloppy Paired eventually give rise to cells with somatic muscle. 289x289px|Founder cells and fusion competent myoblasts connect to form multinucleated muscle fibres. This generates equivalence groups, or regions of cell with similar lineage potential. Notch Signalling will then act on these equivalence groups and encourage the mesodermal cells to divide into two identical daughter cells - one of which will become a myogenic progenitor and the other, a fusion-competent myoblast. Then, these myogenic progenitors divide asymmetrically. In the first case, the two daughter cells can become founder cells with low expressions of Twist. Founder cells are the basis for muscle tissue which other cells bind to in order to create fibers. Alternatively, one daughter cell can become a founder cell (with low Twist), and the other can become an adult muscle precursor (with high Twist). The adult muscle precursors (AMPs) are quiescent until the larval stage while the muscle precursors are not due to Numb Signalling. Notch Signalling combined with Twist expression discourages cell differentiation. Numb protein inhibits Notch and is mostly active around founder cell equivalence groups rather than AMPs. This results in differentiation being repressed in the AMPs while the founder cells begin to specialize. Temperature. Mammalian cells developing in vivo are incubated at 37 degrees Celsius . Simulating such a warm climate in a bioreactor requires energy inputs which thus increase production costs. Insect tissue can be grown to scale at room temperature or colder with little to no hindrance in cell development. Culture Conditions. As mammalian cells digest and metabolize glucose, they produce byproducts such as lactic acid which accumulate and acidify the cell's environment. The ability with which cells are able to uptake nutrients depends on the pH of the environment - it must be within a certain window for optimal growth. Lactic acid accumulation leads to inferior growth conditions for the cell. As such the environment must be "rebalanced" which is typically accomplished by replacing the entire culture medium frequently as every 2–3 days. However, the saturated culture media may still contain viable nutrients which makes the practise wasteful and expensive. Insect cells in part circumvent lactate production but are also tolerant to more acidic environments. When insect cell growth was compared at a pH of 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5, negligible difference was noted. As a result, insect cultures can have their media replaced in as long as 90 days. This is compounded by the fact that insect cells do not deplete added nutrients as fast as mammalian cells. They consume triglycerides, glucose and proteins at a slower rate suggesting that they have more efficient metabolic pathways. Additionally, insect cell cultures are typically contaminated with lipid cells called trophocytes or vitellophages which are precursors to insect egg yolk cells. These cells are a natural source of fat which can be consumed by the other insect cells. Serum Free Culture Media. Culture media is an instrumental part of cellular agriculture and generating cultured tissue because it is effectively what allows scientists to begin with a relatively small sample of animal stem cells and end up with enough to constitute an entire tissue. In order to proliferate, a cell does not only require essential nutrients and macromolecules but also growth factors. When mammalian cells grow in vivo, these growth factors are supplied by the animal ' s blood. In order to replicate this, the culture medium usually consists of a basal mixture supplemented with extra growth factors. The basal medium makes up the bulk of the culture and contains most of the nutrients while the growth factors are added in trace amounts. As a result, the natural starting point is combining Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) into the culture media. FBS is somewhat controversial because it comes from the blood of a dairy cow fetus. The two issues with this is that it is a) reliant on animals, hence defeating the goal of cellular agriculture and b) expensive because it is so inaccessible. Additionally, from a scientific perspective, FBS is chemically undefined, meaning that its composition varies between animals. For the sake of research consistency, this is not desirable. The ideal culture medium is one that is simple, can stimulate proliferation, is unreliant on animals, is accessible and is cheap. However, because of the fact that mammalian cells rely on a complex array of growth factors, finding a culture medium that satisfies all 5 of these criteria is an ongoing challenge. Insect cells on the other hand, come from insects which are biologically simpler organisms than mammals. They contain a fluid called hemolymph rather than blood and so do not rely on all the same growth factors as mammalian cells. Instead, insect cell medium typically uses a basal medium (such as Eagle ' s Medium, Grace ' s Insect Medium or Schneider ' s Drosophila Medium) which is supplemented with plant based additives such as yeastolate, primatone RL, hydrolysates, pluronic lipids and peptides.

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4th century YearDateEvent3013 SeptemberSaint Marinus establishes the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, declaring independence from the Roman Empire. The City of San Marino is the capital.304 Guangwen establishes Han Zhao in China.Wu establishes Cheng Han in China. Chengdu is the capital.317 Yuan establishes the Eastern Jin dynasty in China. Jiankang is the capital.319 Ming establishes Later Zhao in China.320 Ming establishes Former Liang in China.32418 SeptemberConstantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus) reunites the Roman Empire. Nicomedia (now İzmit, Turkey) becomes the capital.33011 MayRoman Emperor Constantine the Great builds a new capital for the Roman Empire at Byzantium which he renames Constantinopolis (now Istanbul, Turkey).337 Wenming establishes Former Yan in China.351 Jingming establishes Former Qin in China.358 Franks are allowed to settle in Toxandria (present-day Belgium).370 The Bosporan Kingdom is disestablished.Huns appear north of the Black Sea.375 Fall of the Kushan Empire in India.384 Chengwu establishes Later Yan in China.Wuzhao establishes Later Qin in China. Chang'an is the capital.Liewen establishes Western Yan in China.385 Xuanlie establishes Western Qin in China.386 Yiwu establishes Later Liang in China. Guzang is the capital.Daowu establishes the Northern Wei dynasty in China.39517 JanuaryAt his death, Roman Emperor Theodosius I (Flavius Theodosius) permanently splits the Roman Empire between his two sons: Flavius Arcadius rules the Eastern Roman Empire from Constantinopolis (now Istanbul, Turkey), and Flavius Honorius rules the Western Roman Empire from Mediolanum (now Milan, Italy).397 Wu establishes Southern Liang in China.Duan Ye establishes Northern Liang in China.398 Xianwu establishes Southern Yan in China.

4th century YearDateEvent3013 SeptemberSaint Marinus establishes the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, declaring independence from the Roman Empire. The City of San Marino is the capital.304 Guangwen establishes Han Zhao in China.Wu establishes Cheng Han in China. Chengdu is the capital.317 Yuan establishes the Eastern Jin dynasty in China. Jiankang is the capital.319 Ming establishes Later Zhao in China.320 Ming establishes Former Liang in China.32418 SeptemberConstantine the Great reunites the Roman Empire. Nicomedia (now İzmit, Turkey) becomes the capital.33011 MayRoman Emperor Constantine the Great builds a new capital for the Roman Empire at Byzantium which he renames Constantinopolis (now Istanbul, Turkey).337 Wenming establishes Former Yan in China.351 Jingming establishes Former Qin in China.358 Franks are allowed to settle in Toxandria (present-day Belgium).370 The Bosporan Kingdom is disestablished.Huns appear north of the Black Sea.375 Fall of the Kushan Empire in India.384 Chengwu establishes Later Yan in China.Wuzhao establishes Later Qin in China. Chang'an is the capital.Liewen establishes Western Yan in China.385 Xuanlie establishes Western Qin in China.386 Yiwu establishes Later Liang in China. Guzang is the capital.Daowu establishes the Northern Wei dynasty in China.39517 JanuaryAt his death, Roman emperor Theodosius I permanently splits the Roman Empire between his two sons: Arcadius rules the Eastern Roman Empire from Constantinopolis (now Istanbul, Turkey), and Honorius rules the Western Roman Empire from Mediolanum (now Milan, Italy).397 Wu establishes Southern Liang in China.Duan Ye establishes Northern Liang in China.398 Xianwu establishes Southern Yan in China.

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Synesthetic artists With today’s knowledge and testing apparatus, it can be determined with more certainty if contemporary artists are synesthetic. By interviewing these artists, one gets some insights into the process of painting music (cf. Steen, Smilack, Salz). The lines of artistic explorations of synesthesia and scientific research into the subject have become closely intertwined in the last decade. Some contemporary artists are active members of synesthesia associations in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium and other countries (cf. Arte Citta) . In and outside these associations that house scientists and artists, the exchange of ideas and collaborations between artists and scientists has grown rapidly in the last decades (cf. the Leonardo online bibliography Synesthesia in Art and Science) , and this is only a small selection of synesthetic work in the arts. New artistic projects on synesthesia are appearing every year . These painters, sculptors, designers and musicians have shown to be well-informed on the latest scientific insights in synesthesia. They combine this scientific knowledge and personal intuition in a range of artistic expressions . For instance they capture their synesthetic perceptions in painting, photographs, textile work, and sculptures. Beside these ‘classical’ materials of making art, an even larger production of synesthesia-inspired works is noticed in the field of digital art (Campen 2007).

Synesthetic artists With today’s knowledge and testing apparatus, it can be determined with more certainty if contemporary artists are synesthetic. The scientific evidence in artists is often insufficient to support the claims of synesthesia, and caution is warranted in evaluating artwork predicated on such claims. By interviewing these artists, one may get some insight into the process of painting music (cf. Steen, Smilack, Salz). Some contemporary artists are active members of synesthesia associations in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium and other countries (cf. Arte Citta) . In and outside these associations that house scientists and artists, the exchange of ideas and collaborations between artists and scientists has grown rapidly in the last decades (cf. the Leonardo online bibliography Synesthesia in Art and Science) , and this is only a small selection of synesthetic work in the arts. New artistic projects on synesthesia are appearing every year . For instance they capture their synesthetic perceptions in painting, photographs, textile work, and sculptures. Beside these ‘classical’ materials of making art, an even larger production of synesthesia-inspired works is noticed in the field of digital art (Campen 2007).

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Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies soil or other loose surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. Bedrock may have various chemical and mineralogical compositions and can be igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary in origin. The bedrock may be overlain by broken and weathered regolith which includes soil and the subsoil.

Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies soil or other loose surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. The bedrock may be overlain by a regolith consisting of various kinds of broken and weathered rock material, such as soil and subsoil.

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Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies soil or other loose surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. The bedrock may be overlain by a regolith consisting of various kinds of broken and weathered rock material, such as soil and subsoil .

Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies soil or other loose surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. The various kinds of broken and weathered rock material, such as soil and subsoil , that may overlie the bedrock are known as regolith .

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History Not many countries have ministers for mental health . Minister for Mental Health and Ageing Minister for Mental Health ( Western Australia) - Roger Cook MLA Minister of State for Mental Health and Older People – Mary Butler , TD

History Not many countries have dedicated ministers for mental health , however a minister with another name may be responsible for it . Minister for Families and Social Services, whose responsibilities include mental health - Senator Anne Ruston Minister for Mental Health (Australian Capital Territory) - Emma Davidson MLA Minister for Mental Health, Regional Youth and Women (New South Wales) - Bronwyn Taylor MLC Minister for Health (Northern Territory), whose responsibilities include mental health - Natasha Fyles MLA Minister for Health and Ambulance Services (Queensland), whose responsibilities include mental health - Yvette D'Ath MP Minister for Health and Wellbeing (South Australia), whose responsibilities include mental health - Stephen Wade MLC Minister for Mental Health and Wellbeing (Tasmania) - Jeremy Rockliff MP Minister for Mental Health (Victoria) - James Merlino MP Minister for Mental Health ( Western Australia) - Roger Cook MLA Minister of State for Mental Health and Older People – Mary Butler TD

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Category:History of Guatemala Category:History of Central America Category: 18th-century births Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:1824 deaths Category: 19th-century Spanish people Category: 18th-century Spanish people Category:People from Ciudad Rea

Category:History of Guatemala Category:History of Central America Category: 1760 births Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:1824 deaths Category: 18th-century Spanish people Category: 19th-century Spanish people Category:People from Ciudad Rea

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Education Maria Elósegui graduated with a Ph.D from the University of Navarra in 1987 and followed up on her studies with a second master in philosophy at the University of Glasgow in 1989. Following she studied law at the University of Sain-Louis, Brussels, Belgium from where she graduated with a MSc in 1994. She obtained a Doctor of Juridical Science from the University of Navarra in 2002. Professional career Between1982 and 1988 she was teaching philosophy in Bilbao, and from 1988 to 1989 she researched at the Glasgow University. She became a Professor of Philosophy of Law at the University of Zaragossa in 1994 and lectured until 2018. She was also assigned as a member of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) between 2013 and 2017. Since 2018, she is the representative of Spain in the European Court of Human Rights, succeeding Luis López Guerra Controversies In 2018, she dissented with the rest of the ruling judges at the ECHR and mentioned in her opinion that what the Pussy Riots have done, is not covered by liberty of expression and would have deserved a punishment. The Pussy Riots have performed a protest performance at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow in 2012 against the return of Vladimir Putin. Publications During her career, she published numerous books concerning to rule of law, except the one about the Peine el Viento. Personal life María Elósegui Itxaso is the daughter of engineer José María Elósegui and a sister to the film director and documentary filmmaker José María Elósegui, who in 2008 released the documentary about the Peine del Viento, a well known sculpture in San Sebastian. Maria Elosegui also wrote a book about the sculpture to which her father collaborated as an engineer. Her sister, Dr. Lucía Elósegui, is the transplant coordinator to the University Hospital of San Sebastian. She is also a member of the christian Opus Dei. Category: Spanish judges Category: Philosophers Category: Spanish writers Category: 1957 births Category: Living people Category: University of Zaragoza faculty Category: University of Navarra alumni Category: Alumni of the University of Glasgo

Education Maria Elósegui graduated with a Ph.D from the University of Navarra in 1987 and followed up on her studies with a second master in philosophy at the University of Glasgow in 1989. Following this, she studied law at the University of Sain-Louis, Brussels, Belgium from where she graduated with a MSc in 1994. She obtained a Doctor of Juridical Science from the University of Navarra in 2002. Professional career Between 1982 and 1988 she taught philosophy in Bilbao, and from 1988 to 1989 she researched at the Glasgow University. She became a Professor of Philosophy of Law at the University of Zaragossa in 1994 and lectured until 2018. She was also assigned as a member of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) between 2013 and 2017. Since 2018, she has been the representative of Spain in the European Court of Human Rights, succeeding Luis López Guerra . Controversies In 2018, she dissented with the rest of the ruling judges at the ECHR and mentioned in her opinion that what the Pussy Riots have done, is not covered by liberty of expression , and would have deserved a punishment. The Pussy Riots had performed a protest performance at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow in 2012 against the return of Vladimir Putin. Publications During her career, she published numerous books concerning the rule of law, except the one about the Peine el Viento. Personal life Elósegui is the daughter of engineer José María Elósegui and a sister to the film director and documentary filmmaker José María Elósegui, who in 2008 released the documentary about the Peine del Viento, a well known sculpture in San Sebastian. Maria Elosegui also wrote a book about the sculpture to which her father collaborated as an engineer. Her sister, Dr. Lucía Elósegui, is the transplant coordinator to the University Hospital of San Sebastian. She is also a member of the Roman Catholic group Opus Dei. Category: 1957 births Category:20th-century essayists Category:20th-century philosophers Category:20th-century Spanish judges Category: 20th-century Spanish non-fiction writers Category:20th-century Spanish philosophers Category:20th-century Spanish women writers Category: 20th-century women judges Category:20th-century women lawyers Category:21st-century essayists Category:21st-century philosophers Category:21st-century Spanish judges Category:21st-century Spanish non-fiction writers Category:21st-century Spanish philosophers Category:21st-century Spanish women writers Category:21st-century women judges Category:21st-century women lawyers Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow Category:Analytic philosophers Category:Catholic philosophers Category:Christian philosophers Category:Contemporary philosophers Category:Cultural critics Category:European Court of Human Rights Category:Judges of the European Court of Human Rights Category: Living people Category: Opus Dei members Category:Philosophers Category:Philosophers of culture Category:Philosophers of law Category:Philosophers of religion Category:Philosophers of social science Category:Philosophy academics Category:Philosophy writers Category:Political philosophers Category:Social commentators Category:Social critics Category:Social philosophers Category:Spanish essayists Category:Spanish judges Category:Spanish legal scholars Category:Spanish philosophers Category:Spanish Roman Catholics Category:Spanish women judges Category:Spanish women non-fiction writers Category:Spanish writers Category: University of Navarra alumni Category: University of Zaragoza faculty Category:Women legal scholars Category:Writers about activism and social cha

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Category:1957 births Category:20th-century essayists Category:20th-century philosophers Category:20th-century Spanish judges Category:20th-century Spanish non-fiction writers Category:20th-century Spanish philosophers Category:20th-century Spanish women writers Category:20th-century women judges Category:20th-century women lawyers Category:21st-century essayists Category:21st-century philosophers Category:21st-century Spanish judges Category:21st-century Spanish non-fiction writers Category:21st-century Spanish philosophers Category:21st-century Spanish women writers Category:21st-century women judges Category:21st-century women lawyers Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow Category:Analytic philosophers Category:Catholic philosophers Category:Christian philosophers Category:Contemporary philosophers Category:Cultural critics Category:European Court of Human Rights Category:Judges of the European Court of Human Rights Category:Living people Category:Opus Dei members Category:Philosophers Category:Philosophers of culture Category:Philosophers of law Category:Philosophers of religion Category:Philosophers of social science Category:Philosophy academics Category:Philosophy writers Category:Political philosophers Category:Social commentators Category:Social critics Category:Social philosophers Category:Spanish essayists Category:Spanish judges Category:Spanish legal scholars Category:Spanish philosophers Category:Spanish Roman Catholics Category:Spanish women judges Category:Spanish women non-fiction writers Category:Spanish writers Category:University of Navarra alumni Category:University of Zaragoza faculty Category:Women legal scholars Category:Writers about activism and social cha

Category:1957 births Category:20th-century essayists Category:20th-century philosophers Category:20th-century Spanish non-fiction writers Category:20th-century Spanish philosophers Category:20th-century Spanish women writers Category:20th-century women judges Category:20th-century women lawyers Category:21st-century essayists Category:21st-century philosophers Category:21st-century Spanish non-fiction writers Category:21st-century Spanish philosophers Category:21st-century Spanish women writers Category:21st-century women judges Category:21st-century women lawyers Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow Category:Analytic philosophers Category:Catholic philosophers Category:Christian philosophers Category:Contemporary philosophers Category:Cultural critics Category:European Court of Human Rights Category:Judges of the European Court of Human Rights Category:Living people Category:Opus Dei members Category:Philosophers Category:Philosophers of culture Category:Philosophers of law Category:Philosophers of religion Category:Philosophers of social science Category:Philosophy academics Category:Philosophy writers Category:Political philosophers Category:Social commentators Category:Social critics Category:Social philosophers Category:Spanish essayists Category:Spanish judges Category:Spanish non-fiction writers Category:Spanish philosophers Category:Spanish Roman Catholics Category:Spanish writers Category:University of Navarra alumni Category:University of Zaragoza faculty Category:Women legal scholars Category:Writers about activism and social cha

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Nawal Nasrallah was born in Baghdad. She studied at the University of Baghdad, where she earned her Masters of Arts degree in English and Comparative Literature and wrote a thesis comparing the eighteenth-century novel Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe with the twelfth-century philosophical novel Hayy bin Yaqzan by the Andalusian philosopher and physician Ibn Tufail . Drawing upon research at the British Library and elsewhere, she showed in her thesis how Ibn Tufail influenced Defoe’s work. The Iraqi Ministry of Culture and Information published her thesis as a book in 1980.Nawal Muhammad Hassan (Nasrallah), Hayy bin Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe: A Study of an Early Arabic Impact on English Literature (Baghdad: Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Culture & Information, 1980). Nawal Nasrallah taught English language, literature, and composition at the University of Baghdad and later the University of Mosul. In 1990 she moved to Bloomington, Indiana in the United States to join her husband who was pursuing a PhD at Indiana University. To support her family in the United States, she worked for some years as a seamstress. In an interview she reported that she became an avid baker and “culinary connoisseur” in Iraq . But she taught herself to cook while living in Mosul , and learned from a copy of the American Better Homes and Gardens Cookbook. Nasrallah prepared classic American food for her friends, such as mashed potatoes, meatloaf, and spaghetti bolognese, before mastering traditional Iraqi dishes. She released a cookbook of Iraqi cuisine in 2003 while the U.S. military was launching its invasion of Iraq to oust the regime of Saddam Hussein . At this time, there was increased American interest in Iraqi affairs ; Iraq appeared as the top news search on Google in 2003. She called the cookbook Delights from the Garden of Eden, and reported that it had taken her six years to write, translate, research, and publish. After a lack of responses from numerous publishing companies, Nasrallah published the book independently with a company called AuthorHouse. Writing amidst the war , she reflected that, “as a wife, a mother, a woman, and a human being, I find in food and in memories of food my refuge, my comfort, and consolation when things are not looking good.” Working with Harvard professor Gojko Barjamovic in 2015, Nasrallah compiled recipes based on what is known of the ancient Mesopotamian diet and cuisine and organized a banquet for scholars at Harvard's Semitic Museum (now the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East) . She also taught a seminar on Iraqi cuisine at the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Italy in 2016. Almond cookies, made according to a 14th-century recipe from Mamluk Egypt presented on Nawal Nasrallah's blog Nasrallah ’s recipes extend beyond the preparation of food to perfumes, spices, and oils. In her book Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table, Nasrallah translated over 750 fourteenth-century, Mamluk-era recipes from Egypt, rendering them from Arabic into English. She also provided a commentary and analysis, for example, by discussing Mamluk-era views about food's curative and regenerative powers while describing the interplay of Galenic theoryin cooking and herbal medicine . Nawal Nasrallah self-published her Iraqi cookbook, Delights from the Garden of Eden, in 2003. It contains more than four hundred recipes, and won the Gourmand World Cookbook Awards in 2007. She also offers historical insights on Iraqi food, and stories and information about the various regions of Iraq from which the recipes come. Delights from the Garden of Eden received positive reviews from critics, including Vered Guttman of the Israeli newspaper Haaretz . Nasrallah described one of her motivations for writing the cookbook as filling an academic gap in literature on Iraqi food and food history, at a time when U.S. media representations of Iraq were primarily negative. Ten years after Nawal Nasrallah self-published Delights from the Garden of Eden , Equinox Publishing produced an abridged version of the cookbook with 300 recipes. Saveur magazine ranked this edition as one of the top ten best cookbooks in 2013. Nasrallah has a multi-platform presence. Aside from her cookbooks, she is featured in multiple interviews and panels on food and history on YouTube, and regularly updates a blog with interpretations and translations of medieval Arabic recipes. Scholarly works Nawal Nasrallah is an expert on medieval Arab cuisine, on the literary culture of Arabic cookbooks, and on the cuisines of modern Iraq and its historical precursors, including ancient Mesopotamia. She has also prepared texts and audio materials for students learning Iraqi colloquial Arabic. In 2006, with Nadia Hassani, Nawal Nasrallah published Beginner’s Iraqi Arabic: An Introduction to the Spoken Arabic of Iraq. In 2007, Nawal Nasrallah translated and compiled an edition of the earliest surviving Arabic cookbook, Kitab al-tabikh (“The Book of Cooking”) attributed to the tenth-century writer variously known as Ibn al-Warraq or as Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq. Her edition , published under the title, Annals of the Caliphs’ Kitchens: Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq’s Tenth-Century Baghdadi Cookbook, draws upon versions of the manuscript that survive in Oxford, Helsinki, and Istanbul. In 2008, she won an honorable mention in adult non-fiction from the Arab American National Museum for it. As Nasrallah explains, this cookbook combines recipes that its author, a courtier in the Abbasid Empire centered in Baghdad, drew from more than twenty other cookbooks to which he had access. In 2011, Nasrallah published Dates: A Global History for the Reaktion Press series of short studies of food in history and culture. In this book, she explores the historical, nutritional, cultural, and symbolic value of dates in the Middle East and beyond, while also describing its anatomy, nomenclature, cultivation, and cultural associations. The book illuminates the various legends associated with dates throughout history, such as the Greek myth of the date palm’s connection to the phoenix bird , which influenced the botanical naming of the date palm as Phoenix dactylifera. In 2017, Nawal Nasrallah translated and published an edition of a fourteenth-century , Mamluk-era cookbook from Egypt. Known in Arabic as Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ al-mawāʾid, the book appeared in her English edition as Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table. In this volume, Nasrallah also included adaptations of some of these fourteenth-century recipes for modern kitchens.

Nawal Nasrallah was born in Baghdad. She studied at the University of Baghdad, where she earned her Masters of Arts degree in English and Comparative Literature and wrote a thesis comparing the eighteenth-century novel Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe with the twelfth-century philosophical novel Hayy bin Yaqzan by the Andalusian philosopher and physician Ibn Tufail , showing how Ibn Tufail influenced Defoe’s work. The thesis was published in 1980.Nawal Muhammad Hassan (Nasrallah), Hayy bin Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe: A Study of an Early Arabic Impact on English Literature (Baghdad: Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Culture & Information, 1980). Nasrallah taught English language, literature, and composition at the University of Baghdad and later the University of Mosul. In 1990 she moved to Bloomington, Indiana . She became an avid baker and “culinary connoisseur” in Iraq , having taught herself to cook American foods while living in Mosul . She released a cookbook of Iraqi cuisine , Delights from the Garden of Eden, in 2003 during the U.S. invasion of Iraq . At this time, there was increased American interest in Iraqi affairs . At the time , she reflected that, “as a wife, a mother, a woman, and a human being, I find in food and in memories of food my refuge, my comfort, and consolation when things are not looking good.” Working with Harvard professor Gojko Barjamovic in 2015, Nasrallah compiled recipes based on what is known of the ancient Mesopotamian diet and cuisine and organized a banquet for scholars at Harvard's Semitic Museum . She also taught a seminar on Iraqi cuisine at the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Italy in 2016. Almond cookies, made according to a 14th-century recipe from Mamluk Egypt presented on Nawal Nasrallah's blog Nasrallah also published recipes for perfumes, spices, and oils. In her book Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table, she translated over 750 fourteenth-century, Mamluk-era recipes from Egypt, with commentary and analysis, including Mamluk-era views about food's curative and regenerative powers based on Galenic theory . Nasrallah published her Iraqi cookbook, Delights from the Garden of Eden, in 2003. It contains more than four hundred recipes, and won the Gourmand World Cookbook Awards in 2007. She also offers historical insights on Iraqi food, and stories and information about the regions of Iraq from which the recipes come. The book received positive reviews . Nasrallah described one of her motivations for writing the cookbook as filling an academic gap in literature on Iraqi food and food history, at a time when U.S. media representations of Iraq were primarily negative. An abridged version of Delights from the Garden of Eden was published in 2013. Saveur magazine ranked it as one of the top ten best cookbooks of 2013. Nasrallah has participated in multiple interviews and panels on food and history on YouTube, and regularly updates her blog on medieval Arabic recipes. Scholarly works Nasrallah is an expert on medieval Arab cuisine, on the literary culture of Arabic cookbooks, and on the cuisines of modern Iraq and its historical precursors, including ancient Mesopotamia. She has also prepared language learning materials for Iraqi colloquial Arabic. In 2007, Nasrallah translated the earliest surviving Arabic cookbook, Kitab al-tabikh (“The Book of Cooking”) attributed to the tenth-century writer variously known as Ibn al-Warraq or as Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq. Her edition draws upon versions of the manuscript that survive in Oxford, Helsinki, and Istanbul. In 2008, she won an honorable mention in adult non-fiction from the Arab American National Museum for it. The cookbook combines recipes that its author, a courtier in the Abbasid Empire centered in Baghdad, drew from more than twenty other cookbooks to which he had access. In 2011, Nasrallah published Dates: A Global History , which explores the historical, nutritional, cultural, and symbolic value of dates in the Middle East and beyond, while also describing its anatomy, nomenclature, cultivation, and cultural associations. The book illuminates the various legends associated with dates throughout history, such as the Greek myth of the date palm’s connection to the phoenix , which influenced the botanical naming of the date palm as Phoenix dactylifera. In 2017, Nasrallah translated and published an edition of a fourteenth-century Mamluk-era cookbook from Egypt. Known in Arabic as Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ al-mawāʾid, the book appeared in her English edition as Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table. In this volume, Nasrallah also included adaptations of some of these fourteenth-century recipes for modern kitchens.

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Category: Living people Category:Nursing Category: Year of birth missing (living people

Category: Year of birth missing (living people ) Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the University of Southampton Category:Nursin

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He worked for television commercial advertisements for Pascha milk and Santa Maria. He has directed nine Africa Magic Original Films (AMOF) and a TV sitcom titled Classmates. In 2018 , he made the television serial Auntie Boss which aired on NTV . Meanwhile, he was the cinematographer for the music videos of Sarabi Band which made 'Tumechoka' and 'Haujali' as well as cinematography in the music video 'Loneliness' sung by Liron. Filmography Year Film Role Genre Ref. 2013 Between the Lines Director, cinematographer, writer, producer, editor Short film 2014 Virgin Goat Cinematographer Short film 2014 Auntie Boss Director TV Series 2015 Is This Your Daughter? Cinematographer Short film 2015 Bait Director, cinematographer, producer Short film 2017 Freedom Voter Film 2017 News Just In Cinematographer TV Series 2017 Varshita Director TV Series 2018 Wavamizi Actor: Swahili Trader Short film 2018 Supa Modo Director, writer , Actor: Motorcycle mounted thief Film 2019 I Had to Bury Cucu Cinematographer Short film 2020 Morning After Cinematographer Short film

He worked for television commercial advertisements for Pascha milk and Santa Maria. He has directed nine Africa Magic Original Films (AMOF) and a TV sitcom titled Classmates. In 2016 , he made the television serial Auntie Boss ! which aired on NTV after the death of original director Derrick Omfwoko Aswani . Meanwhile, he was the cinematographer for the music videos of Sarabi Band which made 'Tumechoka' and 'Haujali' as well as cinematography in the music video 'Loneliness' sung by Liron. Filmography Year Film Role Genre Ref. 2013 Between the Lines Director, cinematographer, writer, producer, editor Short film 2014 Virgin Goat Cinematographer Short film 2014 Auntie Boss Director TV Series 2015 Is This Your Daughter? Cinematographer Short film 2015 Bait Director, cinematographer, producer Short film 2016–2020 Auntie Boss! Director TV Series 2017 Freedom Voter Film 2017 News Just In Cinematographer TV Series 2017 Varshita Director TV Series 2018 Wavamizi Actor: Swahili Trader Short film 2018 Supa Modo Director, writer , Actor: Motorcycle mounted thief Film 2019 I Had to Bury Cucu Cinematographer Short film 2020 Morning After Cinematographer Short film

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Aletta Bezuidenhout (born 17 May 1949), is a Kenyan-born South African filmmaker, writer and actress. She is best known for the roles her roles in productions: Weerskant die Nag, Committed and Spoon, Lament for Koos and Mother Courage. Personal life She was born on 17 May 1949 in Nairobi, Kenya. Her father was an engineer. She worked for the former Transvaal Council of the Performing Arts (Truk). She also Trained and graduated with BA Drama at University of Cape Town. Career She studied drama at the University of Cape Town and later started her acting career at Kruik. Later she moved to the old Transvaal and worked at The Company and the Market Theater. Meanwhile, she worked for numerous regional councils for the performing arts, such as 'Truk en Kruik'. Later she started to train other actors. In 1970, she appeared in The Space and later involved with Dusa Stas Fish and Vi, The Resistable Rise of Arturo UI and Treats. In 1974, she founded the production company, 'The Company'. In the meantime, she contributed to the theater plays by acting in plays such as Desire, Mother Courage in 1977, Women of Troy, Lament for Koos and The Minotaur's Sister in 1985.

Aletta Bezuidenhout (born 17 May 1949), is a Kenyan-born South African filmmaker, writer and actress. She is best known for her roles in productions: Weerskant die Nag, Committed and Spoon, Lament for Koos and Mother Courage. Personal life She was born on 17 May 1949 in Nairobi, Kenya. Her father was an engineer. She worked for the former Transvaal Council of the Performing Arts (Truk). She also trained and graduated with BA Drama at University of Cape Town. Career She studied drama at the University of Cape Town and later started her acting career at Kruik. Later , she moved to the old Transvaal and worked at The Company and the Market Theater. Meanwhile, she worked for numerous regional councils for the performing arts, such as 'Truk en Kruik'. Later she started to train other actors. In 1970, she appeared in The Space and later involved with Dusa Stas Fish and Vi, The Resistable Rise of Arturo UI and Treats. In 1974, she founded the production company, 'The Company'. In the meantime, she contributed to the theater by acting in plays such as Desire, Mother Courage in 1977, Women of Troy, Lament for Koos and The Minotaur's Sister in 1985.

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Career In 1961, Fazan directed One to Another, a revue at the Lyric Theatre in Hammersmith written by Bamber Gascoigne, John Cranko, John Mortimer, N. F. Simpson, and Harold Pinter, amongst others. It starred Beryl Reid, Patrick Wymark, Joe MeliaMilton Shulman ‘The Moth Collector Can Go…’ London Evening Standard 16 July 1959 p. 10 and Sheila Hancock .Philip Hope-Wallace ‘From one extreme to another’ London Guardian 16 July 1959 p. 5 She was the director of Beyond the Fringe, when it began its initial London run at the Fortune Theatre.Milton Shulman ‘Four Young Men Make This Revue a Rare Delight’, London Evening Standard 11 May 1961 p. 19 In 1974, she made her Royal Opera debut on Der Ring des Nibelungen, directed by Götz Friedrich. She made phenomenal work in Royal Opera, where she contributed to numerous plays in the following years under the prominent theater directors Elijah Moshinsk, John Copley, Friedrich and John Schlesinger in their plays such as: Peter Grimes, Lohengrin, The Rake’s Progress, Macbeth, Samson, Otello, Attila, Ariadne auf Naxos, Semele, Idomeneo, re di Creta, Elektra, Les Contes d’Hoffmann and Der Rosenkavalier.

Career In 1961, Fazan directed One to Another, a revue at the Lyric Opera House in Hammersmith written by Bamber Gascoigne, John Cranko, John Mortimer, N. F. Simpson, and Harold Pinter, amongst others. It starred Beryl Reid, Patrick Wymark, Joe MeliaMilton Shulman ‘The Moth Collector Can Go…’ London Evening Standard 16 July 1959 p. 10 Sheila Hancock and Ray Barrett .Philip Hope-Wallace ‘From one extreme to another’ London Guardian 16 July 1959 p. 5 She was the director of Beyond the Fringe, when it began its initial London run at the Fortune Theatre.Milton Shulman ‘Four Young Men Make This Revue a Rare Delight’, London Evening Standard 11 May 1961 p. 19 In 1974, she made her Royal Opera debut on Der Ring des Nibelungen, directed by Götz Friedrich. She made phenomenal work in Royal Opera, where she contributed to numerous plays in the following years under the prominent theater directors Elijah Moshinsk, John Copley, Friedrich and John Schlesinger in their plays such as: Peter Grimes, Lohengrin, The Rake’s Progress, Macbeth, Samson, Otello, Attila, Ariadne auf Naxos, Semele, Idomeneo, re di Creta, Elektra, Les Contes d’Hoffmann and Der Rosenkavalier.

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Career In 1961 , Fazan directed One to Another, a revue at the Lyric Opera House in Hammersmith written by Bamber Gascoigne, John Cranko, John Mortimer, N. F. Simpson, and Harold Pinter, amongst others. It starred Beryl Reid, Patrick Wymark, Joe MeliaMilton Shulman ‘The Moth Collector Can Go…’ London Evening Standard 16 July 1959 p. 10 Sheila Hancock and Ray Barrett.Philip Hope-Wallace ‘From one extreme to another’ London Guardian 16 July 1959 p. 5 She was the director of Beyond the Fringe, when it began its initial London run at the Fortune Theatre.Milton Shulman ‘Four Young Men Make This Revue a Rare Delight’, London Evening Standard 11 May 1961 p. 19 In 1974, she made her Royal Opera debut on Der Ring des Nibelungen, directed by Götz Friedrich. She made phenomenal work in Royal Opera, where she contributed to numerous plays in the following years under the prominent theater directors Elijah Moshinsk, John Copley, Friedrich and John Schlesinger in their plays such as: Peter Grimes, Lohengrin, The Rake’s Progress, Macbeth, Samson, Otello, Attila, Ariadne auf Naxos, Semele, Idomeneo, re di Creta, Elektra, Les Contes d’Hoffmann and Der Rosenkavalier.

Career In 1959 , Fazan directed One to Another, a revue at the Lyric Opera House in Hammersmith written by Bamber Gascoigne, John Cranko, John Mortimer, N. F. Simpson, and Harold Pinter, amongst others. It starred Beryl Reid, Patrick Wymark, Joe MeliaMilton Shulman ‘The Moth Collector Can Go…’ London Evening Standard 16 July 1959 p. 10 Sheila Hancock and Ray Barrett.Philip Hope-Wallace ‘From one extreme to another’ London Guardian 16 July 1959 p. 5 In 1960 she was choreographer for The Lily White Boys, directed by Lindsay Anderson at the Royal Court.Milton Shulman ‘Three smart boys make this a musical to remember’ 28 June 1960 London Evening Standard 28 June 1960 p. 12 In 1961 she was the director of Beyond the Fringe, when it began its initial London run at the Fortune Theatre.Milton Shulman ‘Four Young Men Make This Revue a Rare Delight’, London Evening Standard 11 May 1961 p. 19 In 1974, she made her Royal Opera debut on Der Ring des Nibelungen, directed by Götz Friedrich. She made phenomenal work in Royal Opera, where she contributed to numerous plays in the following years under the prominent theater directors Elijah Moshinsk, John Copley, Friedrich and John Schlesinger in their plays such as: Peter Grimes, Lohengrin, The Rake’s Progress, Macbeth, Samson, Otello, Attila, Ariadne auf Naxos, Semele, Idomeneo, re di Creta, Elektra, Les Contes d’Hoffmann and Der Rosenkavalier.

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She was married to a British composer Stanley Myers where the wedding was celebrated in 1955. The couple has one child.

She was married to the British composer Stanley Myers in 1955, and they had one URL

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Canada's foundation as a country is based upon the process of colonization. Through the use of Settler Colonialism in Canada the Indigenous peoples in Canada went through forced removal , genocide as well as assimilation. Canada's history of assimilation is well documented through the 1800s to the 1990s. Settler colonialism in Canada was structured in a way that systematically targeted Indigenous peoples in order to privilege the settlers who came to Canada . The impact of colonization on Canada can be seen in its culture, history, politics, laws, and legislatures. The former colonies that existed having evolved into the Provinces that exist now. The current relationship of Indigenous peoples in Canada and the government is one that has been heavily defined by the effects of settler colonialism and Indigenous resistance .

Settler colonialism in Canada is that process and the consequences of the progressive colonization of the lands of the Indigenous peoples in Canada already present at first contact. As colonization progressed, the Indigenous peoples, or First Nations, went through forced displacement , genocide as well as assimilation. The treaties signed between the Canadian Crown and the First Nations, many of which were designed to both allow settlement and protect the First Nations were often ignored in enforcement. Governments in Canada in many cases ignored or chose to deny the aboriginal title of the First Nations, first recognized in 1763. The traditional governance of many of the First Nations was replaced with government-imposed structures. Many of the Indigenous cultural practices were banned. First Nation's people status and rights were less than that of settlers . The impact of colonization on Canada can be seen in its culture, history, politics, laws, and legislatures. The former colonies that existed having evolved into the Provinces that exist now. The current relationship of Indigenous peoples in Canada and the government is one that has been heavily defined by the effects of settler colonialism and Indigenous resistance . Canadian Courts and recent governments have recognized much of the injustice, eliminating much of the discriminatory practices, however ongoing popular protests have shown that there is much left to be done .

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The playwright's craft Theatre technique is part of the playwright's creative writing of drama, as a kind of mimesis rather than mere illusion or imitation of life, in that the playwright is able to present a reality to the audience that is different, yet recognisable to that which they usually identify with in their everyday lives. Another aspect of this is that of creating the kind of dialogue that makes the playwright's characters come alive and allows for their development in the course of his dramatization. The director’s craft The director these days is responsible for the actual production of a play, as opposed to earlier days when it was the producer who, at least in Britain until the 1950s, had this task. In earlier centuries it was the author, an actor-manager, or a leading actor with whom the responsibilities of staging a drama were invested.

The playwright's craft is a shat Theatre technique is part of the playwright's creative writing of drama, as a kind of mimesis rather than mere illusion or imitation of life, in that the playwright is able to present a reality to the audience that is different, yet recognisable to that which they usually identify with in their everyday lives. Another aspect of this is that of creating the kind of dialogue that makes the playwright's characters come alive and allows for their development in the course of his dramatization. The craft Shagt The director these days is responsible for the actual production of a play, as opposed to earlier days when it was the producer who, at least in Britain until the 1950s, had this task. In earlier centuries it was the author, an actor-manager, or a leading actor with whom the responsibilities of staging a drama were invested.

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Edwin Mahinda, is a retired Kenyan actor. Started cinema career as a child artist, Mahinda is best known for the roles in the films The Kitchen Toto, White Mischief and The Lion of Africa. Career In 1987, Mahinda made his maiden cinema appearance with the British drama film The Kitchen Toto. He played the lead role 'Mwangi' in the film, where he later won the Paris Film Festival Award for Best Actor. With the success of the film, he was then selected for the 1987 film White Mischief for a minor role of 'Boy Waiter at Wake'. However, in 1988, he again made the supportive role 'Joko's Brother' in the American adventure film The Lion of Africa. The film had its premiere on June 28, 1987, on HBO.

Edwin Mahinda, is a retired Kenyan actor. Starting his cinema career as a child artist, Mahinda is best known for the roles in the films The Kitchen Toto, White Mischief and The Lion of Africa. Career In 1987, Mahinda made his maiden cinema appearance with the British drama film The Kitchen Toto. He played the lead role 'Mwangi' in the film, where he later won the Paris Film Festival Award for Best Actor. With the success of the film, he was then selected for the 1987 film White Mischief for the minor role of 'Boy Waiter at Wake'. However, in 1988, he again played the supportive role 'Joko's Brother' in the American adventure film The Lion of Africa. The film had its premiere on June 28, 1987, on HBO.

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Tony Msalame Mwashumbe (12 December 1964– 28 May 2010), was a Kenyan actor and media personality. One of the most respected media personalities in Kenyan broadcasting history, Msalame also established as an actor in the film The Lion of Africa and television soapie Tushauriane. After completing O-level, he resided at Upper Woodley residence with his uncle and where he generated a passion for radio broadcasting. During the television series Visa vya Safari, he met his future wife, Pauline Mukuhi. They were solemnized customarily on May 3rd 1986 and later formalized on May 26th 1989 at the Attorney Generals Chambers. The couple had two daughters, Grace Sowairina, born on 10 July 1986 and Natasha Waithera, born on 19 October 1990. Death On 28 May 2010 Msalame died after collapsing at his Shekki FM studios at his home in Nyali. The post mortem confirmed the death is due to sudden heart attack.

Tony Msalame Mwashumbe (12 December 1964– -28 May 2010), was a Kenyan actor and media personality. One of the most respected media personalities in Kenyan broadcasting history, Msalame also established as an actor in the film The Lion of Africa and television soapie Tushauriane. After completing O-level, he resided at Upper Woodley residence with his uncle and where he generated a passion for radio broadcasting. During the television series Visa vya Safari, he met his future wife, Pauline Mukuhi. They were solemnized customarily on 3 May 1986 and later formalized on 26 May 1989 at the Attorney Generals Chambers. The couple had two daughters, Grace Sowairina, born on 10 July 1986 and Natasha Waithera, born on 19 October 1990. Death On 28 May 2010 , Msalame died after collapsing at his Shekki FM studios at his home in Nyali. The postmortem confirmed the death was due to sudden heart attack.

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The question of Russia's uniqueness and the vocation of the Russian people and state was first put forth by philosopher Pyotr Chaadayev,«Русская идея»: антиномия женственности и мужественности в национальном образе России however he did not give this question a positive answer. Slavophils suggested to Chaadayev their own versions of an answer (with criticism of Westernization and an apology of Orthodox Christianity).Полемика славянофилов и западников. Русская идея The very term "Russian Idea" was introduced by Fyodor Dostoevsky in the year 1860 and became known abroad after the report named "L'Idée russe" given by philosopher Vladimir Solovyov in Paris in 1888. Russian philosopher Arseny Gulyga wrote: "Dostoevsky's version of the Russian Idea is a concept of universal morality having a patriotic form. The term was widely used by Russian philosophers such as Evgenii Nikolaevitch Troubetzkoy, Vasily Rozanov, Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, Semyon Frank, Georgy Fedotov, Lev Platonovich Karsavin. In its most correct form, the "Russian Idea" concept is defined through ideas of philosophers and thinkers of the turn of the 20th century, such as Nikolai Berdyaev, Vladimir Solovyov, Ivan Ilyin, Nikolay Danilevsky, and also modern thinkers like Victor Vladimirovich Aksyutich, Arseny Gulaga and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Their works emphasize the importance of this concept, its "cementing" quality for the Russian people. Modern Russian writer Victor Pelevin has his own view of the idea, and in its fullest form this view is detailed in his novel Generation "П". According to the adherents of the concept, the Russian Idea expresses "God's plan for Russia",Русская Идея i.e. a sacred and, often, eschatological mission of the Russian people and state.According to the current Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation is a secular state with separation of church and state: Article 14 1. The Russian Federation is a secular state. No religion may be established as a state or obligatory one. 2. Religious associations shall be separated from the State and shall be equal before the law. The Russian Idea contains inside it the idea of the Russian people and state being a "God-carrier". The universality and sobornost of the Russian Idea is emphasized by this fact. The adherents of the Russian Idea strongly believe that Russia has a global purpose and is important for the overall Christian salvation.

The question of Russia's uniqueness and the vocation of the Russian people and state was first put forth by philosopher Pyotr Chaadayev,«Русская идея»: антиномия женственности и мужественности в национальном образе России however he did not give this question a positive answer. Slavophils suggested to Chaadayev their own versions of an answer (with criticism of Westernisation and an apology of Orthodox Christianity).Полемика славянофилов и западников. Русская идея The very term "Russian Idea" was introduced by Fyodor Dostoevsky in the year 1860 and became known abroad after the report named "L'Idée russe" given by philosopher Vladimir Solovyov in Paris in 1888. Russian philosopher Arseny Gulyga wrote: "Dostoevsky's version of the Russian Idea is a concept of universal morality having a patriotic form. The term was widely used by Russian philosophers such as Evgenii Nikolaevitch Troubetzkoy, Vasily Rozanov, Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, Semyon Frank, Georgy Fedotov, Lev Platonovich Karsavin. In its most correct form, the "Russian Idea" concept is defined through ideas of philosophers and thinkers of the turn of the 20th century, such as Nikolai Berdyaev, Vladimir Solovyov, Ivan Ilyin, Nikolay Danilevsky, and also modern thinkers like Victor Vladimirovich Aksyutich, Arseny Gulaga and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Their works emphasise the importance of this concept, its "cementing" quality for the Russian people. Modern Russian writer Victor Pelevin has his own view of the idea, and in its fullest form this view is detailed in his novel Generation "П". According to the adherents of the concept, the Russian Idea expresses "God's plan for Russia",Русская Идея i.e. a sacred and, often, eschatological mission of the Russian people and state.According to the current Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation is a secular state with separation of church and state: Article 14 1. The Russian Federation is a secular state. No religion may be established as a state or obligatory one. 2. Religious associations shall be separated from the State and shall be equal before the law. The Russian Idea contains inside it the idea of the Russian people and state being a "God-carrier". The universality and sobornost of the Russian Idea is emphasised by this fact. The adherents of the Russian Idea strongly believe that Russia has a global purpose and is important for the overall Christian salvation.

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Facts According to UNESCO, among students enrolled in Bachelor degrees, 47\% are women while 53\% are men. The number of women pursuing doctoral studies is only 36\%, while the percentage of men is 64\%. There is also a significant gender gap in research sector, with women making only 34\% of researchers. Nergis Mavalvala : is Pakistani-American physicist known for her breakthrough research in gravitational waves detection in 2015. She has also received the prestigious MacArthur Foundation Award in 2010. Nergis became the first female Dean of school of sciences at MIT in 2020. Tasneem Zehra Husain : is theoretical physicist and among the few Pakistani women to obtain a doctorate in Physics. She is also the first Pakistani woman working on string theory. Husain has represented Pakistan at the Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Lindau, Germany and led the Pakistan team to the World Year of Physics (WYP) Launch Conference in Paris. Asma Zaheer : is computer scientist and the first Pakistani to receive “ the best of IBM award, 2019 ” . Azra Quraishi : She was a botanist who is credited for increasing potato yield by 5\% in Pakistan. This improved Pakistan's position in trade and brought Azra, national recognition. She was awarded the Norman Borlaug Award in 1997. Arfa Karim : was a computer prodigy who became the youngest person to become a Microsoft certified Professional in 2004. She was personally invited by Bill Gates to the Microsoft headquarters in USA. Arfa was also named in the Guinness book of world records. Mariam Sultana : is an astrophysicist. She became the first female astrophysicist in Pakistan after she obtained her PhD in 2012. Talat Shahnaz Rahman is a condensed matter physicist. Her research topics include surface phenomena and excited media, including catalysis, vibrational dynamics, and magnetic excitations. Aban Markar Kabraji: is a biologist and scientist of Parsi origin. She is a regional director of the Asia Regional Office of IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature. She was awarded the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz for her outstanding contribution and dedication to the cause of environmental protection, sustainable development and nature conservation. Asifa Akhtar: is a biologist who has worked in the area of chromosomes. She became the first international female vice president of the biology and medicine section at Germany ’ s prestigious Max Planck Society. Asifa has also been awarded the European Life Science Organization (ELSO) award. Farzana Aslam: is a physicist and astronomer. She has worked in the area of polymer composite sensitized with semiconductor nanoparticles, photon and laser sciences. For her contributions, Farzana was awarded a commendation award at the Photon 04 conference held by Institute of Physics at Glasgow.

Facts According to UNESCO, among students enrolled in bachelor's degrees, 47\% are women while 53\% are men. The number of women pursuing doctoral studies is only 36\%, while the percentage of men is 64\%. There is also a significant gender gap in research sector, with women making only 34\% of researchers. Nergis Mavalvala : is Pakistani-American physicist known for her breakthrough research in gravitational waves detection in 2015. She has also received the prestigious MacArthur Foundation Award in 2010. Nergis became the first female Dean of school of sciences at MIT in 2020. Tasneem Zehra Husain : is theoretical physicist and among the few Pakistani women to obtain a doctorate in Physics. She is also the first Pakistani woman working on string theory. Husain has represented Pakistan at the Meeting of Nobel Laureates in Lindau, Germany and led the Pakistan team to the World Year of Physics (WYP) Launch Conference in Paris. Asma Zaheer : is computer scientist and the first Pakistani to receive " the best of IBM award, 2019 " . Azra Quraishi : She was a botanist who is credited for increasing potato yield by 5\% in Pakistan. This improved Pakistan's position in trade and brought Azra, national recognition. She was awarded the Norman Borlaug Award in 1997. Arfa Karim : was a computer prodigy who became the youngest person to become a Microsoft certified Professional in 2004. She was personally invited by Bill Gates to the Microsoft headquarters in USA. Arfa was also named in the Guinness book of world records. Mariam Sultana : is an astrophysicist. She became the first female astrophysicist in Pakistan after she obtained her PhD in 2012. Talat Shahnaz Rahman is a condensed matter physicist. Her research topics include surface phenomena and excited media, including catalysis, vibrational dynamics, and magnetic excitations. Aban Markar Kabraji: is a biologist and scientist of Parsi origin. She is a regional director of the Asia Regional Office of IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature. She was awarded the Tamgha-e-Imtiaz for her outstanding contribution and dedication to the cause of environmental protection, sustainable development and nature conservation. Asifa Akhtar: is a biologist who has worked in the area of chromosomes. She became the first international female vice president of the biology and medicine section at Germany ' s prestigious Max Planck Society. Asifa has also been awarded the European Life Science Organization (ELSO) award. Farzana Aslam: is a physicist and astronomer. She has worked in the area of polymer composite sensitized with semiconductor nanoparticles, photon and laser sciences. For her contributions, Farzana was awarded a commendation award at the Photon 04 conference held by Institute of Physics at Glasgow.

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Category:1914 births Category:1996 deaths Category:Cree people Category:Members of the Order of Canada Category:Canadian soccer players Category:Canadian soldiers Category:Indigenous leaders in Saskatchewan Category: Saskatchewan sportspeo

DEFAULTSORT:Steele, David Greyeyes Category:1914 births Category:1996 deaths Category:Cree people Category:Members of the Order of Canada Category:Canadian soccer players Category:Canadian soldiers Category:Indigenous leaders in Saskatchewan Category: Sportspeople from Saskatchewa

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As perceived action possibilities In 1988, Donald Norman appropriated the term affordances in the context of human – machine interaction to refer to just those action possibilities that are readily perceivable by an actor. This new definition of "action possibilities" has now become synonymous with Gibson's work, although Gibson himself never made any reference to action possibilities in any of his writing.R. Osborne (2015). An ecological approach to educational technology: affordance as a design tool for aligning pedagogy and technology. Ph.D. thesis. Through Norman's book The Design of Everyday Things,Donald Norman, The Design of Everyday Things, , originally published under the title The Psychology of Everyday Things (often abbreviated to POET) this interpretation was popularized within the fields of HCI, interaction design, and user-centered design. It makes the concept dependent not only on the physical capabilities of an actor, but also on their goals, beliefs, and past experiences. If an actor steps into a room containing an armchair and a softball, Gibson's original definition of affordances allows that the actor may throw the chair and sit on the ball, because this is objectively possible. Norman's definition of (perceived) affordances captures the likelihood that the actor will sit on the armchair and throw the softball. Effectively, Norman's affordances "suggest" how an object may be interacted with. For example, the size, shape and weight of a softball make it perfect for throwing by humans, and it matches their past experience with similar objects. The focus on perceived affordances is much more pertinent to practical design problems , which may explain its widespread adoption. Following Norman's adaptation of the concept, affordance has seen a further shift in meaning where it is used as an uncountable noun, referring to the easy discoverability of an object or system's action possibilities, as in "this button has good affordance". This in turn has given rise to a use of the verb afford – from which Gibson's original term was derived – that is not consistent with its dictionary definition (to provide or make available): designers and those in the field of HCI often use afford as meaning "to suggest" or "to invite". When affordances are used to describe information and communications technology (ICT) an analogy is created with everyday objects with their attendant features and functions.Faraj, S., & Azad, B. (2012). The Materiality of Technology: an Affordance Perspective. In Materiality and Organizing: Social Interaction in a Technological World. . Yet, ICT's features and functions derive from the product classifications of its developers and designers. This approach emphasizes an artifact’s convention to be wholly located in how it was designed to be used. In contrast, affordance theory draws attention to the fit of the technology to the activity of the user and so lends itself to studying how ICTs may be appropriated by users or even misused. One meta-analysis reviewed the evidence from a number of surveys about the extent to which the Internet is transforming or enhancing community. The studies showed that the internet is used for connectivity locally as well as globally, although the nature of its use varies in different countries. It found that internet use is adding on to other forms of communication, rather than replacing them.Barry Wellman, Anabel Quan-Haase, Jeffrey Boase, Wenhong Chen, Keith Hampton, Isabel Diaz de Isla and Kakuko Miyata. 2003. [ "The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism."] Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8, 3 (April) In his book, Superhuman Creators, Al Byrd argues that the primary source of creative intelligence in humans and other animals is affordance awareness – awareness of the action possibilities in an environment. Superhuman creative intelligence can be achieved by increasing the affordance awareness of artificial entities dramatically , and integrating that awareness tightly with the systems capable of capitalizing on the action possibilities.

As perceived action possibilities In 1988, Donald Norman appropriated the term affordances in the context of Human – Computer Interaction to refer to just those action possibilities that are readily perceivable by an actor. This new definition of "action possibilities" has now become synonymous with Gibson's work, although Gibson himself never made any reference to action possibilities in any of his writing.R. Osborne (2015). An ecological approach to educational technology: affordance as a design tool for aligning pedagogy and technology. Ph.D. thesis. Through Norman's book The Design of Everyday Things,Donald Norman, The Design of Everyday Things, , originally published under the title The Psychology of Everyday Things (often abbreviated to POET) this interpretation was popularized within the fields of HCI, interaction design, and user-centered design. It makes the concept dependent not only on the physical capabilities of an actor, but also on their goals, beliefs, and past experiences. If an actor steps into a room containing an armchair and a softball, Gibson's original definition of affordances allows that the actor may throw the chair and sit on the ball, because this is objectively possible. Norman's definition of (perceived) affordances captures the likelihood that the actor will sit on the armchair and throw the softball. Effectively, Norman's affordances "suggest" how an object may be interacted with. For example, the size, shape , and weight of a softball make it perfect for throwing by humans, and it matches their past experience with similar objects. The focus on perceived affordances is much more pertinent to practical design problems , which may explain its widespread adoption. Following Norman's adaptation of the concept, affordance has seen a further shift in meaning where it is used as an uncountable noun, referring to the easy discoverability of an object or system's action possibilities, as in "this button has good affordance". This in turn has given rise to use of the verb afford – from which Gibson's original term was derived – that is not consistent with its dictionary definition (to provide or make available): designers and those in the field of HCI often use afford as meaning "to suggest" or "to invite". When affordances are used to describe information and communications technology (ICT) an analogy is created with everyday objects with their attendant features and functions.Faraj, S., & Azad, B. (2012). The Materiality of Technology: an Affordance Perspective. In Materiality and Organizing: Social Interaction in a Technological World. . Yet, ICT's features and functions derive from the product classifications of its developers and designers. This approach emphasizes an artifact’s convention to be wholly located in how it was designed to be used. In contrast, affordance theory draws attention to the fit of the technology to the activity of the user and so lends itself to studying how ICTs may be appropriated by users or even misused. One meta-analysis reviewed the evidence from a number of surveys about the extent to which the Internet is transforming or enhancing community. The studies showed that the internet is used for connectivity locally as well as globally, although the nature of its use varies in different countries. It found that internet use is adding on to other forms of communication, rather than replacing them.Barry Wellman, Anabel Quan-Haase, Jeffrey Boase, Wenhong Chen, Keith Hampton, Isabel Diaz de Isla , and Kakuko Miyata. 2003. [ "The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism."] Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8, 3 (April) In his book, Superhuman Creators, Al Byrd argues that the primary source of creative intelligence in humans and other animals is affordance awareness – awareness of the action possibilities in an environment. Superhuman creative intelligence can be achieved by increasing the affordance awareness of artificial entities dramatically and integrating that awareness tightly with the systems capable of capitalizing on the action possibilities.

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Felix and Johnny Doran were Irish Traveller brothers who were known for traditional music from the early 1920s to the 1970s as uilleann pipe players. Flex and his brother are descendants of nineteenth-century Wexford piper John Cash. Career Felix was an Irish Traveller uilleann piper he was recorded by Ciaran MacMathuna for RTÉ and by Peter Kennedy and Sean Davies. He also was a horse dealer. There are said to be private recordings of Felix circulating among the piping community. Felix Doran and his brother were known to entertain at fairs and race meetings in Ireland.

Felix Doran was an Irish Traveller who was known for traditional music from the early 1920s to the 1970s as uilleann pipe player. Felix and his brother Johnny Doran are descendants of nineteenth-century Wexford piper John Cash. p. 219 Career Doran was an Irish Traveller uilleann piper he was recorded by Ciaran MacMathuna for RTÉ and by Peter Kennedy and Sean Davies. He also was a horse dealer. Doran and his family were known to entertain at fairs and race meetings in Ireland. p. 219 Later Doran moved to Manchester and went into the transport business. He did well and became wealthy, compelling him to order a set of silver uillean pipes from an engineer from Germany. p. 219

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Disability anthropology is the combined subdisciplines of anthropology that focus their research on disability studies within the domain of culture. Each subdiscipline of anthropology overlaps with disability studies, with its main contributions coming from the medical anthropology and cultural anthropology fields. The collaboration of anthropology and disability studies aims to further the understanding of the lives of disabled individuals cross-culturally; to improve the quality of life for disabled persons; to promote a mutual engagement and collaboration in research and curriculum development by anthropologists and other scholars looking at disability. The field of disability anthropology has a connection to applied anthropology, in which research focuses on understanding socio/cultural problems within disability and using the research to develop and assess approaches to solving problems or helping to bring about positive change in the disabled community. The topic of disability within anthropology persuades researchers to use a cultural lens and ethnological approach to identify unfamiliarity and “otherness” among cultures. Ethnographers pursue research in disability anthropology for a renewal of their experience of unfamiliarity in a known field site; researchers may also be looking for “otherness” closer to home; and also attracts anthropologists because it is a socially and culturally constructed category with important implications about how societies differentially distribute power . Some important figures in the discourse of anthropological involvement in disability include Devva Kasnitz and Russell Shuttleworth . Shuttleworth’s work has focused on how an exploration of multiple roles and allegiances can challenge the assumptions of both anthropology and disability studies in his research on the search for sexual intimacy for men with cerebral palsy in the San Francisco Bay Area .

Disability anthropology is the combined subdisciplines of anthropology that focus their research on disability studies within the domain of culture. Each subdiscipline of anthropology overlaps with disability studies, with its main contributions coming from the medical anthropology and cultural anthropology fields. The field of disability anthropology has a connection to applied anthropology, in which research focuses on understanding socio/cultural problems within disability and using the research to develop and assess approaches to solving problems or helping to bring about positive change in the disabled community. The topic of disability within anthropology persuades researchers to use a cultural lens and ethnological approach to identify unfamiliarity and “otherness” among cultures. . Some important figures in the discourse of anthropological involvement in disability include Devva Kasnitz and Russell Shuttleworth .

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Green Cities, Clean Water “Green Cities, Clean Water" is an environmental policy initiative based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that has shown promising results in mitigating the effects of climate change. The researchers on the policy have stated that despite such promising plans of green infrastructure building, "the city is forecasted to grow warmer, wetter, and more urbanized over the century, runoff and local temperatures will increase on average throughout the city". Even though landcover predictive models on the effects of the policy initiative have indicated that green infrastructure could be useful at decreasing the amount of runoff in the city over time, the city government would have to expand its current plans and "consider the cobenefit of climate change adaptation when planning new projects'' in limiting the scope of city-wide temperature increase. Mayors National Climate Action Agenda

Mayors National Climate Action Agenda

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China China currently has one of the fastest growing industrial economies in the world, and the effects of this rapid urbanization have not been without climate change implications. The country is one of the largest by land area, and so the most prominent region regarding urbanization is the Yangtze River Delta, or YRD, as it is considered "China’s most developed, dynamic, densely populated and concentrated industrial area" and is allegedly "growing into an influential world-class metropolitan area and playing an important role in China’s economic and social development". In this way urbanization in China could be understood as intimately related to not only the functionality of their economic system, but the society therein; something that makes climate change mitigation an intersectional issue concerning more than simply infrastructure. Brazil Areas of South America were also cited in recent studies that highlight the dangers of urbanization on both local and transnational climates, and for a country like Brazil, one of the highest populated nations in the world as well as the majority holder of the Amazon rainforest. The United Nations Development Programme highlights the Amazon rainforest as serving a "key function in the global climate systems," granted its profound usefulness in capturing CO2 emissions. UN research has indicated that because of Brazil's climate being so intimately reliant on the health of the rainforest, deforestation measures are currently seen as having adverse effects on the rainforest's "natural adaptive capacities" towards extreme climate shifts, thus predisposing Brazil to what are expected to be increased volatility in temperature and rainfall patterns. More specifically, it is expected that if global warming continues on its current path without vast mitigation strategies being put in place, what is currently predicted to be an average 2 °C increase in temperature at the global scale could actually look like a 4 °C within Brazil and the surrounding Amazon region. Issues of climate change in Brazil do not start and end at what has already been done with regards to urbanization; it is very much an issue rooted in socioeconomic contexts. Factor analysis and multilevel regression models sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service reveal that for all of Brazil, "income inequality significantly predicts higher levels of a key component of vulnerability in urban Brazilian municipalities" to flood hazards . South Asia South Asia's urban population grew by 130 million between 2001 and 2011—more than the entire population of Japan—and is poised to rise by almost 250 million by 2030. But, urbanisation in South Asia is characterized by higher poverty, slums, pollution and crowding and congestion. At least 130 million South Asians—more than the entire population of Mexico—live in informal urban settlements characterized by poor construction, insecure tenure and underserviced plots. Despite being a water-rich zone, climate projection models suggest that by 2050, between 52–146 million people living in South Asia could face increased water scarcity due to climate change, accounting for 18\% of the global population exposed to water scarcity. Urban water access is particularly critical in South Asia as it remains home to more than 40\% of the world's poor (living on less than USD 1.25 per day) and 35\% of the world's undernourished. A study done of selected Himalayan cities in India and Nepal found that none of them have a robust system of water planning and governance to tackle the water challenges emerging from rapid urbanization and climate change .

Asia China China currently has one of the fastest growing industrial economies in the world, and the effects of this rapid urbanization have not been without climate change implications. The country is one of the largest by land area, and so the most prominent region regarding urbanization is the Yangtze River Delta, or YRD, as it is considered "China’s most developed, dynamic, densely populated and concentrated industrial area" and is allegedly "growing into an influential world-class metropolitan area and playing an important role in China’s economic and social development". In this way urbanization in China could be understood as intimately related to not only the functionality of their economic system, but the society therein; something that makes climate change mitigation an intersectional issue concerning more than simply infrastructure. South Asia South Asia's urban population grew by 130 million between 2001 and 2011—more than the entire population of Japan—and is poised to rise by almost 250 million by 2030. But, urbanisation in South Asia is characterized by higher poverty, slums, pollution and crowding and congestion. At least 130 million South Asians—more than the entire population of Mexico—live in informal urban settlements characterized by poor construction, insecure tenure and underserviced plots. Despite being a water-rich zone, climate projection models suggest that by 2050, between 52–146 million people living in South Asia could face increased water scarcity due to climate change, accounting for 18\% of the global population exposed to water scarcity. Urban water access is particularly critical in South Asia as it remains home to more than 40\% of the world's poor (living on less than USD 1.25 per day) and 35\% of the world's undernourished. A study done of selected Himalayan cities in India and Nepal found that none of them have a robust system of water planning and governance to tackle the water challenges emerging from rapid urbanization and climate change. North and South America Brazil Areas of South America were also cited in recent studies that highlight the dangers of urbanization on both local and transnational climates, and for a country like Brazil, one of the highest populated nations in the world as well as the majority holder of the Amazon rainforest. The United Nations Development Programme highlights the Amazon rainforest as serving a "key function in the global climate systems," granted its profound usefulness in capturing CO2 emissions. UN research has indicated that because of Brazil's climate being so intimately reliant on the health of the rainforest, deforestation measures are currently seen as having adverse effects on the rainforest's "natural adaptive capacities" towards extreme climate shifts, thus predisposing Brazil to what are expected to be increased volatility in temperature and rainfall patterns. More specifically, it is expected that if global warming continues on its current path without vast mitigation strategies being put in place, what is currently predicted to be an average 2 °C increase in temperature at the global scale could actually look like a 4 °C within Brazil and the surrounding Amazon region. Issues of climate change in Brazil do not start and end at what has already been done with regards to urbanization; it is very much an issue rooted in socioeconomic contexts. Factor analysis and multilevel regression models sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service reveal that for all of Brazil, "income inequality significantly predicts higher levels of a key component of vulnerability in urban Brazilian municipalities" to flood hazards .

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A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina, which is the roof of the spinal canal. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in postlaminectomy syndrome. Depending on the problem, smaller alternatives, e.g., small endoscopic procedures, without bone removal , may be possible .

A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina, which is the roof of the spinal canal. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in postlaminectomy syndrome. Depending on the problem, more conservative treatments ( e.g., small endoscopic procedures, without bone removal ) may be viable .

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"Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen is unusual as it is a pastiche in both senses of the word, as there are many distinct styles imitated in the song, all "hodge-podged" together to create one piece of music. A similar earlier example is "Happiness is a Warm Gun" by the Beatles. One can find musical "pastiches" throughout the work of the American composer Frank Zappa. Comedian/parodist "Weird Al" Yankovic has also recorded several songs that are pastiches of other popular recording artists, such as Devo ("Dare to Be Stupid"), Talking Heads ("Dog Eat Dog"), Rage Against the Machine ("I'll Sue Ya"), and The Doors ("Craigslist"), though his so-called "style parodies" often walk the line between the celebration of pasticheand the send-up of parody .

"Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen is unusual as it is a pastiche in both senses of the word, as there are many distinct styles imitated in the song, all "hodge-podged" together to create one piece of music. A similar earlier example is "Happiness is a Warm Gun" by the Beatles. One can find musical "pastiches" throughout the work of the American composer Frank Zappa. Comedian/parodist "Weird Al" Yankovic has also recorded several songs that are pastiches of other popular recording artists, such as Devo ("Dare to Be Stupid"), Talking Heads ("Dog Eat Dog"), Rage Against the Machine ("I'll Sue Ya"), and The Doors ("Craigslist"), though these so-called "style parodies" often walk the line between celebration (pastiche) and send-up (parody) .

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As a reaction to the ongoing conflict and deteriorating humanitarian situation in Somalia the United Nations Security Council imposed an open ended arms embargo on Somalia in January 1992 The embargo was amended to allow arms supplies to Somali Government Forces in February 2007 On 15th November 1999 the Security Council renewed the mandate until 15 December 2020, while also extending exemptions for the arms embargo and enforcement authorizations for the ban on illicit trade. Category:Embargoes Category: United Nations Category

As a reaction to the ongoing conflict and deteriorating humanitarian situation in Somalia , the United Nations Security Council imposed an open ended arms embargo on Somalia in January 1992. The embargo was amended to allow arms supplies to Somali Government Forces in February 2007. On 15 November 1999 the Security Council renewed the mandate until 15 December 2020, while also extending exemptions for the arms embargo and enforcement authorizations for the ban on illicit trade. Category:Embargoes Category: History of the United Nations Category :History of Somalia Category:Foreign relations o

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The relationship between war and genocide is a subject of scholarly analysis and debate. According to Norman Naimark, war greatly increases the risk of genocide: "if there weren’t other very good reasons to prevent war, the correlation between war and genocide is a good one". References

The relationship between war and genocide is a subject of scholarly analysis and debate. According to Norman Naimark, war greatly increases the risk of genocide: "if there weren’t other very good reasons to prevent war, the correlation between war and genocide is a good one". Correlation Norman Naimark writes References Sources