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Access A guide to the Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections is available on the Leeds University Library website. This provides an overview to the collections, their history and uses. External links Category:Collections Category:University of Leeds Category:Ethnic groups Category:Sinti Category:Romani people Category:Religion Category:

Access A guide to the Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections is available on the Leeds University Library website. This provides an overview to the collections, their history and uses. Category:Collections Category:University of Leeds Category:Ethnic groups Category:Sinti Category:Romani people External Links Category:Religion Category:

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Born Olumba Olumba Obu ( 1918) is a Nigerian religious leader who proclaimed himself to be God in human form and also was the founder of the Brotherhood of the Cross and Star an organization which has both been described as a new religion. Olumba whilst alive had also been accused of practicing occultism. Members of his spiritual organization claim Olumba Olumba is not entirely human but part human and part spirit. The Nigerian bestseller book published in 1993 titled Occult Grandmaster Now in Christ, authored by Iyke Nathan Uzorma which is an exposé on occultism, described Olumba Olumba as not human but an immortal “spiritual being”

Born Olumba Olumba Obu ( 1918-2003) was a Nigerian religious leader who proclaimed himself to be God in human form and also was the founder of the Brotherhood of the Cross and Star an organization which has both been described as an evil brotherhood and a new religion. Olumba whilst alive had also been accused of practicing occultism. Members of his spiritual organization claim Olumba Olumba is not entirely human but part human and part spirit. The Nigerian bestseller book published in 1993 titled Occult Grandmaster Now in Christ, authored by Iyke Nathan Uzorma which is an exposé on occultism, described Olumba Olumba as not human but an immortal “spiritual being”

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The South Asian Microform Project or South Asian Materials Project (SAMP ) is one of six programs headed by the Center for Research Libraries Global network. SAMP is dedicated to studying and preserving unique higher education material via microform and other preservation techniques. SAMP has proven an invaluable resource for South Asian scholars. Overview SAMP 's preservation collection spans four centuries and covers South Asia's entire continent (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh). In 1988 SAMP increased their preservation efforts by preserving significant archives from the 19th and 20th centuries. SAMP is affiliated with the Association for Asian Studies In 2019 SAMP partnered with JSTOR providing over 500,000 digitized pages freely available as of March 2020. Members CRL memberships are not required to take part in SAMP. Any institution or nonprofit organization that maintains a library can participate. Members are granted full access to the materials provided by the SAMP. Annual membership and project fees are $500. Since its founding in 1967, the payment has only increased by $50. The following current list of university members of the SAMP .. University of British Columbia University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta University of Chicago Columbia University Cornell University Duke University Emory University Harvard University University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University University of Iowa Kansas State University Library of Congress Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya Michigan State University University of Michigan University of Minnesota-Twin Cities University of Missouri-Columbia Mushfiq Khwaja Library and Research Centre New York Public Library New York University North Carolina State University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Notre Dame Ohio State University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Roja Muthiah Research Library Rutgers , The State University of New JerseyStanford University Syracuse University University of Texas at Austin University of Toronto University of Virginia Washington University University of Washington University of Wisconsin-Madison Yale University Other Resources CRL: South Asia Microform Project We

The South Asian Microform Project , also known by South Asian Materials Project and SAMP is one of six programs headed by the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) Global network. SAMP preserves higher education material via microform , among other techniques. Overview SAMP is affiliated with the Association for Asian Studies . In 2019 SAMP partnered with JSTOR providing over 500,000 digitized pages freely available as of March 2020. Members CRL memberships are not required to take part in SAMP. Any institution or nonprofit organization that maintains a library can participate. Members are granted full access to the materials provided by the SAMP. The following is the current list of university members of the SAMP : University of British Columbia University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta University of Chicago Columbia University Cornell University Duke University Emory University Harvard University University of Hawaii at Manoa University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University University of Iowa Kansas State University Library of Congress Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya Michigan State University University of Michigan University of Minnesota-Twin Cities University of Missouri-Columbia Mushfiq Khwaja Library and Research Centre New York Public Library New York University North Carolina State University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Notre Dame Ohio State University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Roja Muthiah Research Library Rutgers University Stanford University Syracuse University University of Texas at Austin University of Toronto University of Virginia Washington University University of Washington University of Wisconsin-Madison Yale University External links CRL: South Asia Microform Project Website Category:Center for Research Li

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Music of Mhande Examples of Mhande Performances URL%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% URL Cultural Importance URL URL

Mhande is a traditional performance among the Shona people that incorporates music and dance. It is performed as part of the mutoro ceremony, the annual rain ritual of the Karanga. Music of Mhande %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Cultural Importance URL URL External links Two videos of the mhande performances: URL URL

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Category:1927 births Category:2004 deaths Category:Analytic philosophers Category: Anti-war activists Category:Australian academics Category:Australian activists Category:Australian anti-Vietnam War activists Category:Australian environmentalists Category:Australian essayists Category:Australian ethicists Category:Australian humanists Category:Australian male non-fiction writers Category:Australian male poets Category:Australian male short story writers Category:Australian pacifists Category:Australian philosophers Category:Australian photographers Category:Australian socialists Category:Australian writers Category:Contemporary philosophers Category:Critics of Objectivism (Ayn Rand) Category:Cultural critics Category:Environmental philosophers Category:Environmental writers Category:Epistemologists Category:Green thinkers Category:Metaphysicians Category:Metaphysics writers Category:Moral philosophers Category:Ontologists Category:Philosophers Category:Philosophers of art Category:Philosophers of culture Category:Philosophers of education Category:Philosophers of ethics and morality Category:Philosophers of history Category:Philosophers of literature Category:Philosophers of mind Category:Philosophers of social science Category:Philosophers of war Category:Philosophy academics Category:Philosophy teachers Category:Philosophy writers Category:Political controversies in Australia Category:Political history of Australia Category:Political philosophers Category:Redgum Category:Social commentators Category:Social critics Category:Social philosophers Category:Sustainability advocates Category:Theorists on Western civilizati

Category:1927 births Category:2004 deaths Category:Analytic philosophers Category: Anti-Vietnam War activists Category: Anti-war activists Category:Australian academics Category:Australian activists Category:Australian environmentalists Category:Australian essayists Category:Australian ethicists Category:Australian humanists Category:Australian male non-fiction writers Category:Australian male poets Category:Australian male short story writers Category:Australian pacifists Category:Australian philosophers Category:Australian photographers Category:Australian socialists Category:Australian writers Category:Contemporary philosophers Category:Critics of Objectivism (Ayn Rand) Category:Cultural critics Category:Environmental philosophers Category:Environmental writers Category:Epistemologists Category:Green thinkers Category:Metaphysicians Category:Metaphysics writers Category:Moral philosophers Category:Ontologists Category:Philosophers Category:Philosophers of art Category:Philosophers of culture Category:Philosophers of education Category:Philosophers of ethics and morality Category:Philosophers of history Category:Philosophers of literature Category:Philosophers of mind Category:Philosophers of social science Category:Philosophers of war Category:Philosophy academics Category:Philosophy teachers Category:Philosophy writers Category:Political controversies in Australia Category:Political history of Australia Category:Political philosophers Category:Redgum Category:Social commentators Category:Social critics Category:Social philosophers Category:Sustainability advocates Category:Theorists on Western civilizati

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Published works Constantine Rhodocanaces, A Discourse in the Praise of Antimonie, and the Vertues thereof, self-published, London, 1664. Constantine Rhodocanaces, Alexicacus, Spirit of Salt of the World, R. D., London, 1664. Constantine Rhodocanaces, Carmina Græca Rythmica Gratulatoria, A. & L. Lichfield, Oxford, 1660. Cornelis Schrevel, Joseph Hill & Constantine Rhodocanaces, Lexicon manuale Græco-Latinum, & Latino-Græcum: Primo concinnatum, Térque editum, Joan. Hayes, Cambridge, 1685.

Published works Constantine Rhodocanaces, A Discourse in the Praise of Antimonie, and the Vertues thereof, self-published, London, 1664: See in Google Books. Constantine Rhodocanaces, Alexicacus, Spirit of Salt of the World, R. D., London, 1664: See in Google Books. Constantine Rhodocanaces, Carmina Græca Rythmica Gratulatoria, A. & L. Lichfield, Oxford, 1660: See in Google Books. Constantine Rhodocanaces, Life and writings of Constantine Rhodocanakis, a prince of the Imperial Houses of Doucas, Angelus, Comnenus, Paleologus, and honorary physician to Charles II, King of England, France and Ireland, The Printing House of the Journal of Debates, Athens, 1872: See in Google Books. Cornelis Schrevel, Joseph Hill & Constantine Rhodocanaces, Lexicon manuale Græco-Latinum, & Latino-Græcum: Primo concinnatum, Térque editum, Joan. Hayes, Cambridge, 1685: See in Google Books.

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The Cornell-Peru project or the CPP was a development project conducted by anthropology graduate students and professor Allan Holmberg from Cornell University from 1952 to 1966 at the Hacienda in Vicos Mountain in the Andes Highlands that housed members of the indigenous peasant class of Peru. It was one among several applied social science programs focused on agrarian and social reform at Cornell, and an early modernization experiment of the Cold War era. With the help of advisors from the Peruvian government, CPP provided the indigenas at the Hacienda, referred to as Viconsinos, with modernized healthcare, nutrition, education, language, farming techniques and agricultural methods that controversially eliminated their traditional culture. Concept and Organization Holmberg, recently hired at Columbia, spoke at the first congress of the Instituto Indigenista Peruano (IIP) in 1951 about his idea of planned social change for the region. Physician and Biologist Carlos Monge Medrano and Minister of Education Luis Valcárcel showed support for his plan and later became advisors to the project. Valcárcel got in contact with the country's Minister of Labor and Indigenous Affairs, General Armando Atola, and Chief of Indigenous Affairs in the Ministry of Labor and Indigenous Affairs Dr. Julio Pereya who both approved of the project. Word eventually got out to Peru's then-president Manuel A. Odría who took credit for initiating the collaboration with Cornell in a radio address. The CPP officially got under way in 1952 and began seeking funding. Program Development Holmberg described the methodology of the CPP as "participant intervention" and began with a focus on developing three major areas: "economics and technology, nutrition and health, and education". First, Holmberg began initiating changes to get an understanding of the social systems and dynamics within the Hacienda . Impact The project achieved small-scale agrarian reform by allowing Vicosinos to purchase the land from the hacienda peons in 1962. It also helped expand access to education by building a school, and provided housing for teachers.

The Cornell-Peru project or the CPP was a development project conducted by anthropology students and professor Allan Holmberg from Cornell University from 1952 to 1966 at the Hacienda in Vicos Mountain in the Andes Highlands that housed members of the indigenous peasant class of Peru. It was one among several applied social science programs focused on agrarian and social reform at Cornell, and an early modernization experiment of the Cold War era. With the help of advisors from the Peruvian government, CPP provided the indigenas at the Hacienda, referred to as Viconsinos, with modernized healthcare, nutrition, education, language, farming techniques and agricultural methods that controversially eliminated their traditional culture. Concept and Organization Holmberg, recently hired at Columbia, spoke at the first congress of the Instituto Indigenista Peruano (IIP) in 1951 about his idea of planned social change for the region. Physician and Biologist Carlos Monge Medrano and Minister of Education and Indigenous activist Luis Valcárcel showed support for his plan and later became advisors to the project. Valcárcel got in contact with the country's Minister of Labor and Indigenous Affairs, General Armando Atola, and Chief of Indigenous Affairs in the Ministry of Labor and Indigenous Affairs Dr. Julio Pereya who both approved of the project. Word eventually got out to Peru's then-president Manuel A. Odría who took credit for initiating the collaboration with Cornell in a radio address. The CPP officially got under way in 1952 and began seeking funding. Program Development Holmberg described the methodology of the CPP as "participant intervention" and began with a focus on developing three major areas: "economics and technology, nutrition and health, and education". In 1956, they initiated the plan for the Vicosinos to gain collective ownership of the hacienda. This was one of the goals most advocated for by the Peruvian government . Impact The project achieved small-scale agrarian reform when Vicosinos took collective ownership of the hacienda in 1962. It also helped expand access to education by building a school, and provided housing for teachers.

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Program Development Holmberg described the methodology of the CPP as "participant intervention" and began with a focus on developing three major areas: "economics and technology, nutrition and health, and education". In 1956, they initiated the plan for the Vicosinos to gain collective ownership of the hacienda. This was one of the goals most advocated for by the Peruvian government. The government made an executive order for the expropriation process to only take two years to the dismay of the CPP, who wanted more time to conduct experiments. This process instead took six years because of complications from the CPP, the gentry, and the beneficiaries who would be relinquishing control of Vicos.

Program Development Holmberg described the methodology of the CPP as "participant intervention" and began with a focus on developing three major areas: "economics and technology, nutrition and health, and education". In 1956, they initiated the plan for the Vicosinos to gain collective ownership of the hacienda. This was one of the goals most advocated for by the Peruvian government. The government made an executive order for the expropriation process to only take two years to the dismay of the CPP, who wanted more time to conduct experiments. This process instead took six years because of complications from the CPP, the gentry, and the beneficiaries who would be relinquishing control of Vicos. Edward Kennedy and the U.S. Embassy in the country were finally able to pressure the transition to happen in July 1962.

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Category:1953 births Category:Living people Category: Statistics Category: Epistemology Category: Index numbers Category: Quantitative researc

Category:1953 births Category:Living people Category: Epistemology Category: Index numbers Category: Quantitative research Category:Italian statistician

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As of May 2017, KakaoTalk had 220 million registered and 49 million monthly active users. It is available in 15 languages. The app is also used by 93\% of smartphone owners in South Korea, where it is the number one messaging URL Features for users who use Google Workspace accounts include: Up to 100 members per call for Google Workspace Starter users, up to 150 for Google Workspace Business users, and up to 250 for Google Workspace Enterprise users Ability to call into meetings with a dial-in number from selected countries Password-protected dial-in numbers for Google Workspace Enterprise edition users Real-time closed captioning based on speech recognition Background blurring In March 2020, Google temporarily extended advanced features present in the enterprise edition to anyone using Google Workspace or G Suite for URL editions.

As of May 2017, KakaoTalk had 220 million registered and 49 million monthly active users. It is available in 15 languages. The app is also used by 93\% of smartphone owners in South Korea, where it is the number one messaging app. Features for users who use Google Workspace accounts include: Up to 100 members per call for Google Workspace Starter users, up to 150 for Google Workspace Business users, and up to 250 for Google Workspace Enterprise users Ability to call into meetings with a dial-in number from selected countries Password-protected dial-in numbers for Google Workspace Enterprise edition users Real-time closed captioning based on speech recognition Background blurring In March 2020, Google temporarily extended advanced features present in the enterprise edition to anyone using Google Workspace or G Suite for Education editions.

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Muong ethnic religion is an ethnic religion, among the Muong, in Vietnam. It is polytheistic, sharing many supernatural beings with Vietnamese folk URL This ethnic religion has the lunar new year as main religious festival, including ancestor veneration. URL Every living person is thought to have many souls. URL It sees the passage from life to death in stages. URL It sees the soul as being divided in 90 parts. URL

Muong ethnic religion is an ethnic religion, among the Muong, in Vietnam. It is polytheistic, sharing many supernatural beings with Vietnamese folk religion. This ethnic religion has the lunar new year as main religious festival, including ancestor veneration. Every living person is thought to have many souls. It sees the passage from life to death in stages. It sees the soul as being divided in 90 parts.

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Franz Boas was born 1858 and died in 1942. He contributed many practices and studies towards applied anthropology, he is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Anthropology". Boas was one of the first to look at anthropology as a science and as a means of understanding the different cultures and people around the world. Prior anthropologists were likely artifact hunters and had no regard for the cultures that they were encountering. Some of boas' work consisted of teaching and fieldwork, as well as six different trips to study the migratory movements of Inuits starting in 1886. Another important application of Boas was the four field discipline of anthropology, he proclaimed that all sub-fields together are needed to paint an accurate picture of anthropological research.

Franz Boas was born 1858 and died in 1942. He contributed many practices and studies towards applied anthropology, he is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Anthropology". Boas was one of the first to look at anthropology as a science and as a means of understanding the different cultures and people around the world. Prior anthropologists were likely artifact hunters and had no regard for the cultures that they were encountering. Some of boas' work consisted of teaching and fieldwork, as well as six different trips to study the migratory movements of the Inuit starting in 1886. Another important application of Boas was the four field discipline of anthropology, he proclaimed that all sub-fields together are needed to paint an accurate picture of anthropological research.

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Anthropology is the study of human societal and cultural development in the past, present, and future with a number of facets that are categorized into five different fields. These fields include: Biological (Physical) Anthropology, Cultural (socio-cultural) Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology (Linguistics), Archaeology, and Applied Anthropology. Applied Anthropology is the analysis of human interaction with the purpose of solving practical problems that affect and arise throughout time between cultures and societies. Applied Anthropologists use many different methods to conduct research on agriculture, health and medicine, housing, social services, political-economic development, displacement and resettlement, business and industry, education, nutrition, environment, and aging. Applied Anthropology research methods are: 1.) policy research, 2.) evaluation research, 3.) cultural intervention, 4.) activist (action) research, 5.) participatory action research (PAR).

Anthropology is the study of human societal and cultural development in the past, present, and future with a number of facets that are categorized into five different fields. These fields include: Biological (Physical) Anthropology, Cultural (socio-cultural) Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology (Linguistics), Archaeology, and Applied anthropology. Applied anthropology is the analysis of human interaction with the purpose of solving practical problems that affect and arise throughout time between cultures and societies. Applied Anthropologists use many different methods to conduct research on agriculture, health and medicine, housing, social services, political-economic development, displacement and resettlement, business and industry, education, nutrition, environment, and aging. Applied Anthropology research methods are: 1.) policy research, 2.) evaluation research, 3.) cultural intervention, 4.) activist (action) research, 5.) participatory action research (PAR).

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Moses Georgios was ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria. During his reign it 's believed that crown of Alodia was also under the control of Makuria. He is mostly known for his conflict with Saladin Life and Reign During 12th century Ayyubids overthrew the Fatimid caliphate of Egypt in 1171 . This brought Makuria and Ayyubids into conflict with each other. The following year, a Makurian army pillaged Aswan and advanced even further north. It is not clear if this campaign was intended to aid the Fatimids or was merely a raid exploiting the unstable situation in Egypt, although the latter seems more likely, as the Makurians apparently soon withdrew. To deal with the Nubians, Saladin sent his brother Turan-Shah. The latter conquered Qasr Ibrim in January 1173, reportedly sacking it, taking many prisoners, pillaging the church and converting it into a mosque. Afterward, he sent an emissary to King Moses Georgios, intending to answer a previously requested peace treaty with a pair of arrows. Moses Georgios was a man confident in his ability to resist the Ayyubid army, stamping with hot iron a cross on the emissary's hand. Turan Shah withdrew from Nubia but left a detachment of Kurdish troops in Qasr Ibrim, which would raid Lower Nubia for the next two years. Archaeological evidence links them with the destruction of the cathedral of Faras, Abdallah Nirqi and Debeira West. In 1175 a Nubian army finally arrived to confront the invaders at Adindan. Before battle, however, the Kurdish commander drowned while crossing the Nile, resulting in the retreat of Saladin's troops out of Nubia. Afterwards there was peace for another 100 years. Category:Kingdom of Makuria Category:History of Sudan Category:Nubian peop

Moses Georgios was ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria. During his reign it is believed that the crown of Alodia was also under the control of Makuria. He is mostly known for his conflict with Saladin . Life and Reign During the 12th century the Ayyubids overthrew the Fatimid caliphate of Egypt in 1171. This brought Makuria and the Ayyubids into conflict with each other. The following year, a Makurian army pillaged Aswan and advanced even further north. It is not clear if this campaign was intended to aid the Fatimids or was merely a raid exploiting the unstable situation in Egypt, although the latter seems more likely, as the Makurians apparently soon withdrew. To deal with the Nubians, Saladin sent his brother Turan-Shah. The latter conquered Qasr Ibrim in January 1173, reportedly sacking it, taking many prisoners, pillaging the church , and converting it into a mosque. Afterward, he sent an emissary to King Moses Georgios, intending to answer a previously requested peace treaty with a pair of arrows. Moses Georgios was a man confident in his ability to resist the Ayyubid army, stamping with hot iron a cross on the emissary's hand. Turan Shah withdrew from Nubia but left a detachment of Kurdish troops in Qasr Ibrim, which would raid Lower Nubia for the next two years. Archaeological evidence links them with the destruction of the cathedral of Faras, Abdallah Nirqi , and Debeira West. In 1175 a Nubian army finally arrived to confront the invaders at Adindan. Before battle, however, the Kurdish commander drowned while crossing the Nile, resulting in the retreat of Saladin's troops out of Nubia. Afterwards there was peace for another 100 years. Category:Kingdom of Makuria Category:History of Sudan Category:Nubian people Category:12th-century African peop

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Development Assessment Panels are independent decision-making bodies with the power to determine high value development applications in Western Australia. The panels contain five members—three industry professionals and two elected members of the local government. The purpose of the panels was to introduce more consistent decision-making into the determination of development applications and to refocus the attention of elected members in local governments on higher-level strategic planning and policy matters .

Development Assessment Panels are independent decision-making bodies with the power to determine high value development applications in Western Australia. The panels contain five members—three industry professionals and two elected members of the local government. The purpose of the panels is to introduce more consistent decision-making into the determination of development applications and to refocus the attention of elected members in local governments on higher-level strategic planning and policy matters . The panels share characteristics of panels set up by other Australian states for similar reasons .

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Ratan Tallukder (born 28 January 1957) is a Bangladeshi film actor, fighting director and Karate Instructor . He usually played supporting negative role. He debuted as an actor in film industries in 1986, film Laraku directed by Shahidul Islam Khokon. Early life Ratan Talukder was born in Myanmar in 1957. His father, Dr Adhir Ranjan Talukder was a Medical doctor working for the British Army in Myanmar. They relocated in Chittagong, Bangladesh in 1965. Ratan Talukder started Martial arts in the 70s and was a big fan of Martial Arts films. Career The first film he acted was Bir Purush (1988). He made his name in Bojro Mushti (1989) and acted in about 15 films. He also worked as a Fight Director in some films. He often worked with Masum Parvez Rubel, Humayun Faridi and Ilias Kobra. Most of his films directed by Shahidul Islam Khokon. Notable Films Year Title DirectorRole 1986LarakuShahidul Islam Khokon1988Bir PurushShahidul Islam Khokon1989BojromustiShahidul Islam KhokonMong1990BiplobShahidul Islam Khokon1991BishdatShahidul Islam Khokon1991SantrashShahidul Islam Khokon1992Choker PaniMasud Parvez1996RakkhoshShahidul Islam Khokon1996LompotShahidul Islam KhokonIlias2006Khude JoddhaA Q Khokon As Karate Instrcutor Ratan Takulder is a well-known and one of the leading Karate Instructors in the continent. He obtained 7 dan from WUKF and 4 dan from Japan Karate Association. He is the founder and Chief coach of Honke Shotokan Karate-Do Association Bangladesh. Ratan Talukder has also obtained a licence of International Karate Referee from Asian Karate Federation Gi Asian Judge. He is currently the Vice-chairman of Bangladesh Karate Referee Association. 240px|Ratan Talukder with his students at Friends club karate academy, Chittagong Personal life Ratan Talukder resides in Chittagong . He has Karate schools all over the country . He is married to Shilpi and has 3 children together.

Ratan Tallukder (born 28 January 1957) is a Bangladeshi film actor, fighting director and karate instructor . He usually played supporting negative role. He debuted as an actor in film industries in 1986, film Laraku directed by Shahidul Islam Khokon. Early life Ratan Talukder was born in Myanmar in 1957. His father, Adhir Ranjan Talukder was a medical doctor working for the British Army in Myanmar. They relocated in Chittagong, Bangladesh in 1965. Ratan Talukder started martial arts in the 70s and was a fan of martial Arts films. Career The first film he acted in was Bir Purush (1988). He made his name in Bojro Mushti (1989) and acted in about 15 films. He also worked as a Fight Director in some films. He often worked with Masum Parvez Rubel, Humayun Faridi and Ilias Kobra. Most of his films directed by Shahidul Islam Khokon. Filmography Year Title DirectorRole 1986LarakuShahidul Islam Khokon1988Bir PurushShahidul Islam Khokon1989BojromustiShahidul Islam KhokonMong1990BiplobShahidul Islam Khokon1991BishdatShahidul Islam Khokon1991SantrashShahidul Islam Khokon1992Choker PaniMasud Parvez1996RakkhoshShahidul Islam Khokon1996LompotShahidul Islam KhokonIlias2006Khude JoddhaA Q Khokon Karate instructor Takulder is one of the leading karate instructors in the continent. He obtained 7 dan from WUKF and 4 dan from Japan Karate Association. He is the founder and Chief coach of Honke Shotokan Karate-Do Association Bangladesh. Talukder has also obtained a licence of International Karate Referee from Asian Karate Federation Gi Asian Judge. He is Vice-chairman of Bangladesh Karate Referee Association. Personal life Talukder resides in Chittagong . He is married to Shilpi and has 3 children together.

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Encyclopaedistics or encyclopaedics as a discipline, is the academic scholarship of encyclopedias as sources of encyclopedic knowledge and cultural objects as well; in this sense, this discipline is also known as "encyclopaedia studies" and can be termed as "theoretical encyclopediography " by analogy with theoretical lexicography. Encyclopaedistics as a practical activity (profession or business) is the process of assembling encyclopaedias available to the public for sale or for free (encyclopaedia publishing or practical encyclopediography). In this sense, it is the art or craft of writing, compiling, and editing the paper or online encyclopedias. As a practical activity, encyclopaedistics originated in the Middle Ages in connection with the development of compendiums based on alphabetical structuring (e.g. first edition of Polyanthea by Dominicus Nanus Mirabellius). Contemporary encyclopaedic activity Today, academic institutions, universities, and publishing companies worldwide are engaged in encyclopaedic activity building national, multinational (universal), regional and subject-specific encyclopaedias, or doing studies related encyclopaedias. The development of national encyclopaedias is one of the prerogatives of the European Parliament in the policy of protection of accurate and verified information and in the fight against mis- and disinformation as well as in the policy of protecting, promoting and projecting Europe's values and interests in the world. The International Encyclopedia Conference serves a platform for professional and scientific communication between publishers of national and multinational encyclopaedias.

Encyclopaedistics or encyclopaedics as a discipline, is the academic scholarship of encyclopedias as sources of encyclopedic knowledge and cultural objects as well; in this sense, this discipline is also known as "encyclopaedia studies" and can be termed as "theoretical encyclopaediography " by analogy with theoretical lexicography. Encyclopaedistics as a practical activity (profession or business) also called "encyclopaedic practice" is the process of assembling encyclopaedias available to the public for sale or for free (encyclopaedia publishing or practical encyclopediography). In this sense, it is the art or craft of writing, compiling, and editing the paper or online encyclopedias. As a practical activity, encyclopaedistics originated in the Middle Ages in connection with the development of compendiums based on alphabetical structuring (e.g. first edition of Polyanthea by Dominicus Nanus Mirabellius). Contemporary encyclopaedic practice Today, academic institutions, universities, and publishing companies worldwide are engaged in encyclopaedic activity building national, multinational (universal), regional and subject-specific encyclopaedias, or doing studies related encyclopaedias. The development of national encyclopaedias is one of the prerogatives of the European Parliament in the policy of protection of accurate and verified information and in the fight against mis- and disinformation as well as in the policy of protecting, promoting and projecting Europe's values and interests in the world. The International Encyclopedia Conference serves a platform for professional and scientific communication between publishers of national and multinational encyclopaedias.

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Clash of rival clans Afan Tank Wen's death enabled the Hakkas to question the Cantonese clans' stronghold on political and cultural matters in Port Louis where most people of Chinese origins resided. Soon the three clans started to aggressively fight for leadership over Cohan Tai Biou Pagoda which was regarded as the religious and political headquarters of the Chinese community living in Mauritius. As a result there were frequent violent clashes between members of the rival clans. The pagoda, which is located at Les Salines in Port Louis, is also known as Kwan Tee Pagoda and was bult in 1842, which makes it the oldest such institution in the Southern Hemisphere.

Clash of rival clans Afan Tank Wen's death enabled the Hakkas to question the Cantonese clans' stronghold on political and cultural matters in Port Louis where most people of Chinese origins resided. Soon the three clans started to aggressively fight for leadership over Cohan Tai Biou Pagoda which was regarded as the religious and political headquarters of the Chinese community living in Mauritius. As a result there were frequent violent clashes between members of the rival clans. The pagoda, which is located at Les Salines in Port Louis, is also known as Kwan Tee Pagoda and was built in 1842, thus making it the oldest such institution in the Southern Hemisphere.

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The 1990-91 Togo protests was a protest movement against then-president Gnassingbe Eyadema and his reforms. Strikes and demonstrations began by students on 5 October and soon became a daily movement which saw deaths and beatings while shootings and clashes between pro-government and anti-government demonstrators took place. Mass protests ended violently with clashes in November 1991. Aftermath Protests re-erupted in 1992 demanding a new constitution which led to a constitutional referendum. The crisis in 1990 saw closures of schools and ghost towns nationwide. Rallies in support of the government was held in December 1991. As a result of the movement, the government made a ban on demonstrations and made restrictions thus tightening normal life with restrictions. Security forces and the military stepped up their force against protestors as a result of the protests of 1990-91. See also Protests against Faure Gnassingbe 2017-2018 Togolese protests

The 1990–1991 Togo protests was a protest movement against then-president Gnassingbe Eyadema and his reforms. Strikes and demonstrations began by students on 5 October and soon became a daily movement which saw deaths and beatings while shootings and clashes between pro-government and anti-government demonstrators took place. Mass protests ended violently with clashes in November 1991. Aftermath Protests re-erupted in 1992 demanding a new constitution which led to a constitutional referendum. The crisis in 1990 saw closures of schools and ghost towns nationwide. Rallies in support of the government was held in December 1991. As a result of the movement, the government made a ban on demonstrations and made restrictions thus tightening normal life with restrictions. Security forces and the military stepped up their force against protestors as a result of the protests of 1990–1991. See also Protests against Faure Gnassingbe 2017–2018 Togolese protests

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The 2005 Togo protests and riots were demonstrations and rioting against the results of the presidential election and Faure Gnassingbe takeover of power. Protests began in February and protesters demanded new elections and the end of the Gnassingbe dynasty. Around 100 were killed before the elections but after the 2005 Togolese presidential election , Around 500 protesters were killed in the uprising . Background Eyadéma died on 5 February 2005, and the Togolese military immediately installed his son Faure Gnassingbé as president. The Army Chief of Staff, Zakari Nandja, said this was meant to avoid a power vacuum. The Togolese government initially banned all protests for two months. However, about 1,000 people attended an anti-government rally in Lomé on 11 February 2005. Tensions Gnassingbé lifted the government's ban on protests on 18 February and announced that there would be a presidential election in 60 days. Opposition groups called on Gnassingbé to step down and held large protests in Lomé, Aného, Sokodé and Sinkanse. On 25 February, Gnassingbé, citing growing domestic and international pressure, announced he would resign as president . Opposition supporters objected to the appointment of Bonfoh Abass as interim president instead of Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba, accusing Abass of being too close to the Gnassingbé regime.

The 2005 Togo protests and riots were demonstrations and rioting against the results of the presidential election and Faure Gnassingbe 's takeover of power. Protests began in February with protesters demanding new elections and the end of the Gnassingbe dynasty. Around 100 were killed before the elections , but after the 2005 Togolese presidential election around 500 protesters were killed by Togolese Armed Forces, assisted by military-trained Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) militias . Background Togolese President Gnassingbe Eyadéma died on 5 February 2005, and the Togolese Armed Forces immediately installed his son Faure Gnassingbé as president. The Army Chief of Staff, Zakari Nandja, said this was meant to avoid a power vacuum. The following day on 6 February, President of the National Assembly of Togo Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba, who should have taken over as caretaker leader pending elections in 2 months per the Constitution of Togo, was dismissed and replaced by Faure Gnassingbe. The African Union (AU) described this as "a military coup" with both the AU and ECOWAS imposing sanctions on Togo. The Togolese government initially banned all protests for two months. However, about 1,000 people attended an anti-government rally in Lomé on 11 February 2005. Tensions Gnassingbé lifted the government's ban on protests on 18 February and announced that there would be a presidential election in 60 days. Opposition groups called on Gnassingbé to step down and held large protests in Lomé, Aného, Sokodé and Sinkanse. On 25 February, Gnassingbé, citing growing domestic and international pressure, announced he would resign as president , resulting in ECOWAS lifting sanctions . Opposition supporters objected to the appointment of Bonfoh Abass as interim president instead of Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba, accusing Abass of being too close to the Gnassingbé regime.

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Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) () is a space observatory composed of a constellation of two small telescope satellites(GECAM A and GECAM B ) for research in electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves . It was launched on 9 December 2020 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center at 20:14 UTC . GECAM will focus on detecting electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves.

Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) () is a space observatory composed of a constellation of two X-ray and gamma-ray all-sky observing small satellites, called GECAM A (aka KX 08A or Xiaoji, COSPAR 2020-094A) and GECAM B (aka KX 08B or Xiaomu, COSPAR 2020-094B), for research in electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves (GWs) . It was launched on 9 December 2020 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center at 20:14 UTC by a Long March 11 rocket . GECAM will focus on detecting electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves. In addition to signals from GWs, the observatory studies Ultra-long GRBs, X-ray Flashes, X-ray-rich GRBs, Magnetars and Terrestrial Gamma-ray URL

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In the English-speaking world, lexical corpus that encompasses various words, terms and expressions that are related to the religious sphere is commonly referred to as religious lexis. That linguistic term covers some of those widest meanings that were occasionally assigned (by some authors) to the terms religionym and confessionym, thus allowing the consequent standardization of more specific uses for both of those terms.

In the English-speaking world, lexical corpus that encompasses various words, terms and expressions that are related to the religious sphere of life is most commonly referred to as religious lexis. That linguistic term covers most of those widest meanings that were occasionally assigned (by some authors) to the terms religionym and confessionym, thus relieving them of such abstract uses, and consequently allowing the standardization of more specific uses for both of those terms.

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The Gaia catalogue is released in stages that contain increasing amounts of information. Gaia DR1, the first data release of the spacecraft Gaia mission, based on 14 months of observations made through September 2015, took place on 13 September 2016. The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on 22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016. The full Gaia catalogue will be released in 2022.

The Gaia catalogue is released in stages that contain increasing amounts of information. Gaia DR1, the first data release of the spacecraft Gaia mission, based on 14 months of observations made through September 2015, took place on 13 September 2016. The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on 22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016. The first part of the third data release, EDR3 (Early Data Release 3) is based on 34 months of observations collected between 25 July 2014 and 28 May 2017. The full DR3 is expected in Early 2022. The release date of the full Gaia catalogue is to be determined.

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Barak Khan ruled the Golden Horde from 1423 to 1428. With the help of Ulugh Beg, who was a Timurid khan, he dethroned Kepek, Olugh Mokhammad and Dawlat Berdi that all were claiming the throne for the Horde as theirs. Barak seized control of the White Horde that was populated by the Uzbeks, whom referred to Turkic tribes that roamed over the present-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. After that, a rivalry developed between Barak Khan and Ulugh Beg. After the death of Barak in which Ulugh was in conspired in, the title was passed to Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids who founded the Uzbek Khanate in 1428. During his rule, many Turkic tribesmen were unified and came under control. As a result, the Uzbek Khanate became a major power in Central Asia. However, Abu'l-Khayr's successes were thwarted by the Oirats in the middle of the 15th century who had a superior military force. The Oirats raided the Uzbek lands where they burned cities thus destroying its economy . In the late 1450's , two sons of Barak Khan, Kerei and Janibek migrated to Moghulistan by leading 200,000 tribes of supporters whom referred themselves as Kazakhs. With the Khan of Moghulistan Esen Buqa II's permission, they settled in the valleys of Chu and Talas rivers to establish the Kazakh Khanate in 1465. Kerei was proclaimed as the first Khan while Janibek had exercised more power. Kazakh Khanate (TV series), a 2005 Kazakh historical epic film that fictionalizes account Abylai Khan's youth. Myn Bala, a 2011 Kazakh historical drama film set in 1729 during a war between the Kazakhs and the Dzungar Khanate.

Barak Khan ruled the Golden Horde from 1423 to 1428. With the help of Ulugh Beg, who was a Timurid khan, he dethroned Kepek, Olugh Mokhammad and Dawlat Berdi that all were claiming the throne for the Horde as theirs. Barak seized control of the White Horde that was populated by the Uzbeks, whom referred to Turkic tribes that roamed over the present-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. After that, a rivalry developed between Barak Khan and Ulugh Beg. After the death of Barak in which Ulugh was in conspired in, the title was passed to Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids who founded the Uzbek Khanate in 1428. During his rule, many Turkic tribesmen were unified and came under control. As a result, the Uzbek Khanate became a major power in Central Asia. However, Abu'l-Khayr's successes were thwarted by the Oirats in the middle of the 15th century who had a superior military force. The Oirats raided the Uzbek lands where they burned and looted cities thus destroying its economy while Abu'l-Khayr himself had lost reputation among the nomad clans . In the fall of 1457 , two sons of Barak Khan, Kerei and Janibek , in the fear of persecution Abu'l-Khayr Khan, migrated to Moghulistan by leading 200,000 tribes of supporters whom referred themselves as Kazakhs. With the Khan of Moghulistan Esen Buqa II's permission, they settled in the valleys of Chu and Talas rivers to establish the Kazakh Khanate in 1465. Kerei was proclaimed as the first Khan while Janibek had exercised more power. Kazakh Khanate (TV series), a 2005 Kazakh historical epic film that fictionalizes account Abylai Khan's youth. Myn Bala, a 2011 Kazakh historical drama film set in 1729 during a war between the Kazakhs and the Dzungar Khanate. External links

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The Kazakh War of Independence (1468–1500) was a conflict fought in Central Asia between the Kazakh Khanate and the Uzbek Khanate which attempted to maintain its control over most of modern-day Kazakhstan . The war started after Abu'l-Khayr, Khan of the Uzbek Khanate, attacked Zhetysu in 1468 which was controlled by the Kazakhs in an attempt to prevent their growing influence among the steppe. However, he unknowingly died, making it easier for the Kazakhs to expand their influence. After Abu'l-Khayr Khan's death, the Uzbeks continued to be ruled by the Shaybanids who fought against the Kazakhs in the cities that were on the Syr Darya until both sides agreed to peace in 1500 with the Kazakh Khanate gaining its sovereignty from the Uzbek control .

The Kazakh War of Independence (1468–1500) was a conflict fought in Central Asia between the Kazakh Khanate and the Uzbek Khanate which attempted to maintain its control over most of modern-day Kazakhstan , which at the time was under Uzbek rule . The war started after Abu'l-Khayr, Khan of the Uzbek Khanate, attacked Zhetysu in 1468 which was controlled by a small band of rebel Kazakhs who had split from the original Uzbek Khanate. Abu’l Khayr did so in an attempt to prevent the growing Kazakh influence among the steppe. However, he unknowingly died, making it easier for the Kazakhs to expand their influence. After Abu'l-Khayr Khan's death, the Uzbeks continued to be ruled by the Shaybanids who fought against the Kazakhs in the cities that were on the Syr Darya until both sides agreed to peace in 1500 with the Kazakh Khanate gaining its sovereignty from the Uzbek control . At the end of the war, the Uzbek Khanate transferred most of Kazakhstan to the Kazakh Khanate .

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Category: Swedish scientists Category: 1974 births Category:Living people Category:Swedish women scientists Category: Ecologists by nationality Category:Ecologists Category:Sustainability advocates Category:Sustainability and environmental management Category:Seafood Category:Sustainable food system Category:Sustainability by subject Category:Tra

Category: 1974 births Category:Living people Category:Swedish scientists Category: Swedish women scientists Category:Swedish ecologists Category:Sustainability advocates Category:Sustainability and environmental management Category:Seafood Category:Sustainable food system Category:Sustainability by subject Category:Tra

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Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Swedish scientists Category:Swedish women scientists Category:Women ecologists Category: Sustainability advocates Category:Sustainability and environmental management Category:Seafood Category:Sustainable food system Category:Sustainability by subject Category:Tra

Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Swedish scientists Category:Swedish women scientists Category:Women ecologists Category: Ecologists Category: Sustainability advocates Category:Sustainability and environmental management Category:Seafood Category:Sustainable food system Category:Sustainability by subject Category:Tra

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Sushil Kumar Rongta was the former Chairman of Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) from August 2006 to May 2010. SAIL is one of India's largest public sector companies. He is a graduate of BITS Pilani and IIFT . He is also the founding member and COO of the world famous "Roongta Book Store", it has over 200 stores spread over 3 continents and 18 countries. He is a member of various Apex Chambers - Chairman of ‘Steel Committee’ of FICCI, member of National Council of CII and Advisory Council of ASSOCHAM. Mr. Roongta is also President of Institute for Steel Development & Growth. Mr. Roongta is a member of the Executive Committee of the World Steel Association - the Apex Body for formulation of policy for world steel. He is the only CEO from India in this committee. Mr. Roongta is the recipient of a number of awards including SCOPE Award for Excellence & Outstanding Contribution to the Public Sector Management – Individual Category 2007-08 . Under Mr. Roongta’s leadership, SAIL has achieved new landmarks in physical and financial performance. Operating at 115\% of its rated capacity, it has posted a PBT of over Rs. 9,400 crores in FY’ 09. During the year 2009, SAIL has emerged with second highest net profit amongst all steel producers of the world .

Sushil Kumar Rongta is the former Chairman of Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) (Aug 2006-May2010). SAIL is one of India's largest public sector companies. He is an alumnus of BITS Pilani and Indian Institute of Foreign trade(IIFT) . He was a member of various Apex Chambers - Chairman of ‘Steel Committee’ of FICCI, member of National Council of CII and Advisory Council of ASSOCHAM. Mr. Roongta was also President of Institute for Steel Development & Growth. He is presently Mentor of Non ferrous metal committee of FICCI. Mr. Roongta was a member of the Executive Committee of the World Steel Association - the Apex Body for formulation of policy for world steel. Mr. Roongta is the recipient of a number of awards including Standing conference of public enterprises| SCOPE Award for Excellence & Outstanding Contribution to the Public Sector Management – Individual Category 2007-08 and IIM-JRD Tata award for excellence in Corporate Leadership in Metallurgical industries,2016. He has been part of various think tanks and is widely regarded as one of the principal experts in the field of metal, power and public sector turnarounds. He was Chairman of ‘Panel of Experts on reforms in Central Public sector enterprises’ constituted by Planning Commission, widely known as ‘Roongta Committee’, its report is taken as benchmark for Public sector Reforms today. Under Mr. Roongta’s leadership, SAIL achieved new landmarks in physical and financial performance. Operating at 115\% of its rated capacity, it had posted a PBT of over Rs. 9,400 crores in FY’ 09 and emerged with second highest net profit amongst all steel producers of the world . Mr Roongta has been and continues to be director on multiple corporate boards.He is also associated with educational institutions and Non profit organisations. He was chairman of Board of Governors of IIT-Bhubaneswar .

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Category:Ethnic groups Category:Atyap people Bibliography

Bibliography Category:Ethnic groups Category:Atyap peopl

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In systems engineering, dependability is a measure of a system's availability, reliability, and its maintainability, and maintenance support performance, and, in some cases, other characteristics such as durability, safety and security. IEC, Electropedia del 192 Dependability, URL select 192 Dependability, see 192-01-22 Dependability. In software engineering, dependability is the ability to provide services that can defensibly be trusted within a time-period. This may also encompass mechanisms designed to increase and maintain the dependability of a system or software.A. Avizienis, J.-C. Laprie, Brian Randell, and C. Landwehr, "Basic Concepts and Taxonomy of Dependable and Secure Computing," IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 1, pp. 11-33, 2004. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via its Technical Committee TC 56 develops and maintains international standards that provide systematic methods and tools for dependability assessment and management of equipment, services, and systems throughout their life cycles .

In systems engineering, dependability is a measure of a system's availability, reliability, and its maintainability, and maintenance support performance, and, in some cases, other characteristics such as durability, safety and security. IEC, Electropedia del 192 Dependability, URL select 192 Dependability, see 192-01-22 Dependability. In software engineering, dependability is the ability to provide services that can be trusted within a time-periodA. Avizienis, J.-C. Laprie, Brian Randell, and C. Landwehr, "Basic Concepts and Taxonomy of Dependable and Secure Computing," IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 1, pp. 11-33, 2004. . The service guarantees must hold even when the system is subject to attacks or natural failures. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via its Technical Committee TC 56 develops and maintains international standards that provide systematic methods and tools for dependability assessment and management of equipment, services, and systems throughout their life cycles . The IFIP Working Group 10.4 on "Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance" plays a role in synthesizing the technical community's progress in the field and organizes two workshops each year to disseminate the results .

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Fault Prevention deals with preventing faults being incorporated into a system. This can be accomplished by use of development methodologies and good implementation techniques. Dependability means are intended to reduce the number of failures presented to the user of a system. Failures are traditionally recorded over time and it is useful to understand how their frequency is measured so that the effectiveness of means can be assessed.11

Fault Prevention deals with preventing faults being introduced into a system. This can be accomplished by use of development methodologies and good implementation techniques. Dependability means are intended to reduce the number of failures made visible to the end users of a system. Persistence Based on how faults appear or persist, they are classified as: Transient: They appear without apparent cause and disappear again without apparent cause Intermittent: They appear multiple times, possibly without a discernible pattern, and disappear on their own Permanent: Once they appear, they do not get resolved on their own

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Academia Awol taught at the LSE starting in 2013. He started a tenure track position at Keele University in September 2016. , Awol held British citizenship. Awol's view on the Tigray conflict Awol, who had been one of the nominees of Abiy Ahmed for the Nobel Peace Prize, described Abiy as becoming increasingly authoritarian during the late 2020 Tigray conflict, repressing journalists and political dissidents. Awol opposed the sending of the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) to take control of the Tigray Region.

Academic career Awol taught at the LSE starting in 2013. He started a tenure track position at Keele University in September 2016. , Awol held British citizenship. Views on the Tigray war Awol, who had been one of the nominees of Abiy Ahmed for the Nobel Peace Prize, described Abiy as becoming increasingly authoritarian during the late 2020 Tigray conflict, repressing journalists and political dissidents. Awol opposed the sending of the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) to take control of the Tigray Region.

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Beliefs Plumptre defended the position of agnosticism as the logical result of careful inquiry into the truths of various systems of belief:If after devoting our best energies and highest endeavours to the investigation of the arguments of Monotheism, Dualism, Polytheism, Pantheism, and Atheism, we find none entirely convincing, there is no cowardice involved in the admission. On the contrary, it becomes our highest duty to confess that all our labour has been without fruit or reward. Though we have fervently sought we have failed to find. We are sceptics or agnostics, and recognise the fact that, even should one or other of these five interpretations of the mystery of existence be accepted as its true solution it is but a proximate solution and thus but removes the essential mystery but a step further back. Death Constance E. Plumptre died on 4 January 1929 in St John's Wood. Her last publication was an essay 'On the Neglected Centenary of Harriet Martineau', which appeared in the Westminster Review in December 1902.

Plumptre died on 4 January 1929 in St John's Wood. Her last publication was an essay 'On the Neglected Centenary of Harriet Martineau', which appeared in the Westminster Review in December 1902. Beliefs Plumptre defended the position of agnosticism as the logical result of careful inquiry into the truths of various systems of belief:If after devoting our best energies and highest endeavours to the investigation of the arguments of Monotheism, Dualism, Polytheism, Pantheism, and Atheism, we find none entirely convincing, there is no cowardice involved in the admission. On the contrary, it becomes our highest duty to confess that all our labour has been without fruit or reward. Though we have fervently sought we have failed to find. We are sceptics or agnostics, and recognise the fact that, even should one or other of these five interpretations of the mystery of existence be accepted as its true solution it is but a proximate solution and thus but removes the essential mystery but a step further back.

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Rhiannon Davies is a British activist who has worked with her partner , Richard Stanton, to establish the truth about the death of their child , Kate-Stanton Davies, at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust in 2009. The efforts of Davies led to the establishment of the Ockenden Review of maternity services, led by Donna Ockenden, which reported in December 2020. Death of Kate Stanton-Davies In March 2009 Rhiannon Davies gave birth to a daughter, Kate Stanton-Davies, at a midwife-led maternity unit in Ludlow. In the two weeks before the birth Davies had complained that the baby was not moving as much as previously, and had herself been hospitalized after feeling unwell. However, midwives had not carried out any risk assessment or adjusted her birth plan. Kate was born cold and floppy, with anaemia. Midwives, not thinking anything was amiss, placed Kate in an unhearted cot , and only called an ambulance two hours later. Kate died after being transferred to a Birmingham hospital.Victoria Macdonald, ‘A baby died an avoidable death’: one family’s fight for justice, Channel 4 News, 2 March 2015. Accessed 23 December 2020. Though Kate was cremated, the Emstrey crematorium did not use settings appropriate for infants. So Rhiannon and her partner Richard Stanton were told there were no ashes.Damien Gayle, 'They haven’t told the truth': parents denied children's ashes chase justice, The Guardian, 5 June 2015. Accessed 23 December 2020. Pursuit of the truth Rhiannon Davies and her partner Richard Stanton made formal complaints to the trust, the West Midlands Ambulance Service and the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Initially refused an inquest, they managed to secure one in 2012. The inquest jury unanimously found that Kate's delivery at a midwife-led unit contributed to her death. They then secured the Health Service Ombudsman's attention to the case . The ombudsman upheld the family's complaint, concluding that Kate's death had been avoidable, and that the Trust was responsible for both service failure in Kate's care and maladministration in handling the complaint. In 2015, after a Shropshire Council inquiry reported into Emstrey crematorium's treatment of infant remains, the council also issued an apology to Davies and the parents of over fifty infants. Davies criticised the report for ignoring concerns which crematorium staff had raised, and for misrepesenting the problem as a historic problem. After the original NHS England investigation into Kate's death was found "not fit for purpose", a second one reported in February 2016. The report found a range of "system issues", with changes ven made to Kate's clinical observation notes after her death.Shropshire parents floored by findings of report into baby daughter's death, 24 February 2016. Accessed 22 December 2020. Later that year, independent review concluded that the trust had not met its responsibility to establish the facts about why Kate's death had occurred. It concluded that the trust was "indebted" to the tenacity of Ms Davies and Mr Stanton, and needed to work in partnership with them "to establish a fitting acknowledgement of the contribution they have made to the safety and quality of maternity services at SaTH".Kate Stanton-Davies death: Trust 'failed to establish facts' around death, BBC News, 1 April 2016. Accessed 22 December 2020. Ockenden Review In 2017 Davies, Stanton and two other bereaved parents asked the UK health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, to set up a public inquiry into maternity services at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital HNS Trust.Dominic Robertson, Parent involved in Shropshire baby deaths review, Shropshire Star, 4 January 2018. Accessed 22 December 2020. Though Hunt did not establish a public inquiry, he ordered an investigation in April 2017.Denis Campbel, Jeremy Hunt orders investigation into baby deaths at NHS trust, The Guardian, 12 April 2017. When published in December 2020, the Ockenden Report singled out the difference made by Davies, Stanton and two other bereaved parents, Kayleigh and Colin Griffiths:

Rhiannon Davies is a British activist who has worked with her husband , Richard Stanton, to establish the truth about the death of their daughter , Kate-Stanton Davies, at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust in 2009. The efforts of Davies led to the establishment of the Ockenden Review of maternity services, led by Donna Ockenden, which reported its initial findings in December 2020. A final report is due December 2021. Further, her campaigning led to West Mercia Police instigating Operation Lincoln into both individual and corporate gross negligence manslaughter at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust. Death of Kate Stanton-Davies In March 2009 Rhiannon Davies gave birth to a daughter, Kate Stanton-Davies, at a midwife-led maternity unit in Ludlow. In the two weeks before the birth Davies had complained that the baby was not moving as much as previously, and had herself been hospitalized after feeling unwell. However, midwives had not carried out any risk assessment or adjusted her birth plan. Kate was born cold and floppy, with hyperthermia and anaemia. A midwife placed Kate in an unhearted cot in a side room , and only called an ambulance when a health care assistant found Kate in cardiac arrest. Kate died after being transferred to a Birmingham hospital.Victoria Macdonald, ‘A baby died an avoidable death’: one family’s fight for justice, Channel 4 News, 2 March 2015. Accessed 23 December 2020. Though Kate was cremated, the Emstrey crematorium did not use settings appropriate for infants. So Rhiannon and her husband Richard Stanton were told there were no ashes.Damien Gayle, 'They haven’t told the truth': parents denied children's ashes chase justice, The Guardian, 5 June 2015. Accessed 23 December 2020. Pursuit of the truth Rhiannon Davies and her husband Richard Stanton made formal complaints to the trust, the West Midlands Ambulance Service and the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Initially refused an inquest, they managed to secure one in 2012. The inquest jury unanimously found that Kate's delivery at a midwife-led unit contributed to her avoidable death. They then secured the Health Service Ombudsman's attention to the case after Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust refused to accept the findings of the inquest. The Ombudsman upheld the family's complaint, concluding that Kate's death had been avoidable, and that the Trust was responsible for both service failure in Kate's care and maladministration in handling the complaint. In 2015, after a Shropshire Council inquiry reported into Emstrey crematorium's treatment of infant remains, the council also issued an apology to Davies and the parents of over fifty infants. Davies criticised the report for ignoring concerns which crematorium staff had raised, and for misrepesenting the problem as an historic problem. After the original NHS England investigation into Kate's death was found "not fit for purpose", a second one reported in February 2016. The report found a range of "system issues", with changes even made to Kate's clinical observation notes after her death.Shropshire parents floored by findings of report into baby daughter's death, 24 February 2016. Accessed 22 December 2020. Later that year, independent review concluded that the trust had not met its responsibility to establish the facts about why Kate's death had occurred. It concluded that the trust was "indebted" to the tenacity of Ms Davies and Mr Stanton, and needed to work in partnership with them "to establish a fitting acknowledgement of the contribution they have made to the safety and quality of maternity services at SaTH".Kate Stanton-Davies death: Trust 'failed to establish facts' around death, BBC News, 1 April 2016. Accessed 22 December 2020. Ockenden Review In 2017 Davies, Stanton and two other bereaved parents asked the UK health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, to set up a public inquiry into maternity services at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital HNS Trust.Dominic Robertson, Parent involved in Shropshire baby deaths review, Shropshire Star, 4 January 2018. Accessed 22 December 2020. Though Hunt did not establish a public inquiry, he ordered an investigation in April 2017.Denis Campbel, Jeremy Hunt orders investigation into baby deaths at NHS trust, The Guardian, 12 April 2017. When published in December 2020, the first Ockenden Report singled out the difference made by Davies, Stanton and two other bereaved parents, Kayleigh and Colin Griffiths:

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In literature In Little Men, Louisa May Alcott’s 1871 sequel to Little Women, the character of Jo gives a miniature kitchen to her niece Daisy. The kitchen-set comes with a functional iron stove, which is described as being capable of cooking ‘for a large family of very hungry dolls.’ Jo purchases the toy stove with the help of the character, Uncle Teddy in order to teach Daisy to cook. Jo expects Daisy to ‘study hard and learn to make all kinds of things…’

In literature Frontispiece from first edition of 'Little Men', by Louisa May Alcott (1871) In Little Men, Louisa May Alcott’s 1871 sequel to Little Women, the character of Jo gives a miniature kitchen to her niece Daisy. The kitchen-set comes with a functional iron stove, which is described as being capable of cooking ‘for a large family of very hungry dolls.’ Jo purchases the toy stove with the help of the character, Uncle Teddy in order to teach Daisy to cook. Jo expects Daisy to ‘study hard and learn to make all kinds of things…’

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Category: Slavery in the United States Category:History of Liberia Category: American colonization movemen

Category: American colonization movement Category:History of Liberia Category: Slavery in the United State

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Impacts on disadvantaged groups Gender Indigenous people

Impacts on disadvantaged groups Indigenous people Gender

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2019 Tirana - Albania 2018 Belgrade (9s)

2018 Belgrade (9s) 2019 Tirana - Albania

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Bibliography Haiko, Peter. Die Architektur des XX. Jahrhunderts – Zeitschrift für moderne Baukunst. Repräsentativer Querschnitt durch die 14 erschienen Jahrgänge 1901 bis 1914. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth, 1989. (No. 339; originally published as No. 83 in 1909.) ISBN : 3-8030-3039-0. Lowis, Kristina. "Stahlhof, Bastionstr. 39," in Roland Kanz, Jürgen Wiener (eds.), Architekturführer Düsseldorf. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 2001. p. 31. External Links Verwaltungsgericht Düsseldorf: Zur Geschichte des Gerichtsgebäudes, from justiz-online/Verwaltungsgericht Düsseldorf Reiner Burger: Wie durch eine Zwangsheirat NRW entstand Article on faz.net (23 August 2016). Category:Steel industry of Germany Category:Düsseldorf Category:History of Germany Category:History of North Rhine-Westphalia Category:Buildings and structures in North Rhine-Westphalia Category:Buildings and structures in Düsseldorf Category:20th-century German architects Category:Architecture of Germany Category:Steel companies of Germany Notes%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% URL

Bibliography Haiko, Peter. Die Architektur des XX. Jahrhunderts – Zeitschrift für moderne Baukunst. Repräsentativer Querschnitt durch die 14 erschienen Jahrgänge 1901 bis 1914. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth, 1989. (No. 339; originally published as No. 83 in 1909.) ISBN 3-8030-3039-0. Lowis, Kristina. "Stahlhof, Bastionstr. 39," in Roland Kanz, Jürgen Wiener (eds.), Architekturführer Düsseldorf. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 2001. p. 31. Notes URL References External links Verwaltungsgericht Düsseldorf: Zur Geschichte des Gerichtsgebäudes, from justiz-online/Verwaltungsgericht Düsseldorf Reiner Burger: Wie durch eine Zwangsheirat NRW entstand Article on faz.net (23 August 2016). Category:Steel industry of Germany Category:Düsseldorf Category:History of Germany Category:History of North Rhine-Westphalia Category:Buildings and structures in North Rhine-Westphalia Category:Buildings and structures in Düsseldorf Category:20th-century German architects Category:Architecture of Germany Category:Steel companies of %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% German

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Gemini clients Amfora – Gemini client – Screenshot Due to the simplicity of the protocol and served media type, various Gemini browsers were implemented. The following non-exhaustive list of clients highlights their diversity. Further lists are available online:gemini://kwiecien.us/gemlog/gemini-client-review.gmigemini://gemini.ctrl-c.club/~sario528/projects/clientlist.gmi Critique It has been regarded as a positive thing that people are thinking about alternatives to the "increasingly out-of-control Web". Gemini is weird, small, and different; it is driven by the wish "that it could not easily be URL "[U]ltimately the geminiverse is lovely because it is underpopulated, slower-paced, and URL As some passages of documents on Gemini may sound like a manifesto, Gemini space might be "off-putting to those who want to explore a technology." A "tendency toward neo-Luddism may cause one to lean toward Gemini. None of that is meant to be pejorative, as it can certainly be self-applied; in truth, Gemini seems like something rather fun to mess with when time permits . " concludes J. Edge in LWN.net. A discussion of adding the Gemini protocol to curl mentioned the downside of closing the TLS-connection with each request. The non-existence of a certificate chain was seen as bad habit , although Gemini's security model is explicitly based on Trust On First Use rather than the Certificate Authority/Web of Trust approach commonly used with SSL/TLS. See also Gopher (protocol) HTTP, HTTPS Timeline of hypertext technology

Gemini clients Amfora – Gemini client Due to the simplicity of the protocol and served media type, various Gemini browsers were implemented. The following non-exhaustive list of clients highlights their diversity. Further lists are available online:gemini://kwiecien.us/gemlog/gemini-client-review.gmigemini://gemini.ctrl-c.club/~sario528/projects/clientlist.gmi Critique It has been regarded as a positive thing that people are thinking about alternatives to the "increasingly out-of-control Web". Gemini is weird, small, and different; it is driven by the wish "that it could not easily be URL "[U]ltimately the geminiverse is lovely because it is underpopulated, slower-paced, and URL As some passages of documents on Gemini may sound like a manifesto, Gemini space might be "off-putting to those who want to explore a technology." A "tendency toward neo-Luddism may cause one to lean toward Gemini. None of that is meant to be pejorative, as it can certainly be self-applied; in truth, Gemini seems like something rather fun to mess with when time permits " , concludes J. Edge in LWN.net. A discussion of adding the Gemini protocol to curl mentioned the downside of closing the TLS connection with each request. The non-existence of a certificate chain was seen as problematic , although Gemini's security model is explicitly based on Trust On First Use rather than the Certificate Authority/Web of Trust approach commonly used with SSL/TLS. See also Timeline of hypertext technology

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Multi-dose vaccine in a vial, prepared for injection by syringe A vaccine dose contains many ingredients, very little of which is the active ingredient, the immunogen. A single dose may have merely nanograms of virus particles, or micrograms of bacterial polysaccharides. A vaccine injection, oral drops or nasal spray is mostly water. Other ingredients are added to boost the immune response, to ensure safety or help with storage, and a tiny amount of material is left-over from the manufacturing process. Very rarely, these materials can cause an allergic reaction in people who are very sensitive to them. Volume The volume of a vaccine dose is influenced by the route of administration. While some vaccines are given orally or nasally, most require an injection. Vaccines are not injected intravenously into the bloodstream. Most injections deposit a small dose into a muscle, but some are given superficially just under the skin surface or deeper beneath the skin.

282x282px|Graphic from the World Health Organization describing the main ingredients typically in vaccines. A vaccine dose contains many ingredients, very little of which is the active ingredient, the immunogen. A single dose may have merely nanograms of virus particles, or micrograms of bacterial polysaccharides. A vaccine injection, oral drops or nasal spray is mostly water. Other ingredients are added to boost the immune response, to ensure safety or help with storage, and a tiny amount of material is left-over from the manufacturing process. Very rarely, these materials can cause an allergic reaction in people who are very sensitive to them. Volume Multi-dose vaccine in a vial, prepared for injection by syringeThe volume of a vaccine dose is influenced by the route of administration. While some vaccines are given orally or nasally, most require an injection. Vaccines are not injected intravenously into the bloodstream. Most injections deposit a small dose into a muscle, but some are given superficially just under the skin surface or deeper beneath the skin.

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250x250px|The Fitbit Alta HR, a wearable device capable of tracking a person's sleep. Sleep tracking is the process of tracking a person's sleep, which is done most commonly through measuring inactivity and movement to estimate sleep. A device that tracks a person's sleep is called a sleep tracker. Sleep trackers are capable of tracking the stages of a person's sleep (light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep), the length/duration of a person's sleep, the quality of a person's sleep, and the consistency of a person's sleep. Some sleep trackers offer other features, such as "sleep scores" that rank how well a person slept, "smart alarms" that wake a person up within a set period of time based on the circumstances of the person's sleep, and the ability to track the amount of light and/or the temperature in the person's bedroom . Devices capable of tracking a person's sleep include dedicated sleep trackers, trackers that clip onto a person's pillow, smartphones, fitness trackers, smartwatches, and other wearable devices .

250x250px|The Fitbit Alta HR, a wearable device capable of tracking a person's sleep. Sleep tracking is the process of monitoring a person's sleep, which is done most commonly through measuring inactivity and movement to estimate sleep. A device that tracks a person's sleep is called a sleep tracker. Devices capable of tracking a person's sleep include dedicated sleep trackers, trackers that clip onto a person's pillow, smartphones, fitness trackers, smartwatches, and other wearable devices. Sleep trackers are capable of tracking the stages of a person's sleep (light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep), the length/duration of a person's sleep, the quality of a person's sleep, and the consistency of a person's sleep. Some sleep trackers offer other features, such as "sleep scores" that rank how well a person slept, "smart alarms" that wake a person up within a set period of time based on the circumstances of the person's sleep, and the ability to track the amount of light and/or the temperature in the person's bedroom .

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Maria Vivoree Niña Matutes Esclito (born August 3, 2000), better known as Vivoree, is a Filipina singer, actress and television personality. She came to prominence after joining Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 for which she finished 6th among the Teens and 21st Overall and was dubbed "Go Getter Girl Ng Bohol".Early life and education Vivoree is the eldest of three children. Her mom is a public school teacher while her dad is a seafarer. Vivoree attended Tagbilaran City Science High School for her junior high school. In May 2020, Vivoree graduated from senior high school under a homeschool program by the Catholic Filipino Academy and was given two awards, the “ Character Award: Generosity” and the “Academic Award: Philippine Politics and Governance”. Online series Year Title Role Film CompanyRef. 2020 Hello Stranger Kookai Yambao Black Sheep ProductionsStay At Home Stories: Mag-isaMagsABS-CBN Television Year Title Role NetworkRef.2021 Pinoy Big Brother: Connect: The Big Night Herself/Performer Kapamilya Channel A2Z TV5 KumuHe's Into HerMelissa "Ysay" BayloniWantTFC Your Face Sounds FamiliarHerself/Performer Kapamilya ChannelLove On Da Move (TBA)JenTV5 2017–present ASAP Herself/Performer ABS-CBN 2020 Maalaala Mo Kaya: Ilog young Elvira 2019Maalaala Mo Kaya: ChoirJenny The Killer Bride Mildred Dimalanta 2018 Wansapanataym: ManiKEN ni Monica Monica Maalaala Mo Kaya: BawangFaye Ipaglaban Mo: Gapang Gina Since I Found You AJ Punzalan Asintado Charie Tamayo 2017 Ipaglaban Mo: Kulam Jill Maalaala Mo Kaya: Love Team Cherry 2016 Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 Herself/Housemate

Maria Vivoree Niña Matutes Esclito (born August 3, 2000), better known as Vivoree, is a Filipina singer, actress and television personality. She came to prominence after joining Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 for which she finished 6th among the Teens and 21st Overall and was dubbed "Go Getter Girl Ng Bohol".Early life and education Vivoree is the eldest of three children. Her mom is a public school teacher while her dad is a seafarer. Vivoree attended Tagbilaran City Science High School for her junior high school. In May 2020, Vivoree graduated from senior high school under a homeschool program by the Catholic Filipino Academy and was given two awards, the " Character Award: Generosity” and the “Academic Award: Philippine Politics and Governance”. Online series Year Title Role Film CompanyRef. 2020 Hello Stranger Kookai Yambao Black Sheep ProductionsStay at Home Stories: Mag-isaMagsABS-CBN Television Year Title Role NetworkRef.2021 Pinoy Big Brother: Connect: The Big Night Herself/Performer Kapamilya Channel A2Z TV5 KumuHe's into HerMelissa "Ysay" BayloniWantTFC Your Face Sounds FamiliarHerself/Performer Kapamilya ChannelLove On Da Move (TBA)JenTV5 2017–present ASAP Herself/Performer ABS-CBN 2020 Maalaala Mo Kaya: Ilog young Elvira 2019Maalaala Mo Kaya: ChoirJenny The Killer Bride Mildred Dimalanta 2018 Wansapanataym: ManiKEN ni Monica Monica Maalaala Mo Kaya: BawangFaye Ipaglaban Mo: Gapang Gina Since I Found You AJ Punzalan Asintado Charie Tamayo 2017 Ipaglaban Mo: Kulam Jill Maalaala Mo Kaya: Love Team Cherry 2016 Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 Herself/Housemate

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Description Description of a Baccoo varies, however many describe it as a figure consisting of a large head and a body of which half consists of wood, while the other half consists of flesh. Some also mention missing kneecaps as a prominent feature. There seems to be a distinction between Baccoo's who are mercenaries to successful merchants , and those that haunt their surrounding. Origin Baccoo might related to Abiku, an entity in the Yoruba culture. The Abiku is a spirit of a baby that dies before being named. In honour of these deceased small wooden statues are made and kept inside. Others argue the origin to be the Akan mmoatia. However, the concept evolved and got influenced by other cultures. Currently the folklore is shared by people from various cultural backgrounds. Category:Caribbean mythology Category:Storytelling Category:Oral tradition Category:Supernatural legends Category:South American ghost

Description Description of a Baccoo varies, however many describe it as a figure consisting of a large head and a body of which half consists of wood, while the other half consists of flesh. Some also mention missing kneecaps as a prominent feature. There seems to be a distinction between Baccoo's who are mercenaries to successful merchants that they make contracts with , and those that haunt their surrounding. Baccoo are known to subside on a diet of milk and bananas fed to them by whomever they serve. Some stories tell of baccoo carrying out tasks for their contractor, sometimes causing fires or throwing stones at the targets they are sent to torment as invisible attackers, other times simply carrying messages discretely from one place to another. Origin Baccoo might related to Abiku, an entity in the Yoruba culture. The Abiku is a spirit of a baby that dies before being named. In honour of these deceased small wooden statues are made and kept inside. Others argue the origin to be the Akan mmoatia. However, the concept evolved and got influenced by other cultures. Currently the folklore is shared by people from various cultural backgrounds. Category:Caribbean mythology Category:Storytelling Category:Oral tradition Category:Supernatural legends Category:South American ghosts Category:Caribbean legendary creature

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Inferno is a role-playing game published by Death's Edge Games in 1994. Gameplay Inferno is a game in which the player character tries to rescue innocent souls that have been abducted by the forces of URL Reviews Dragon #208

Front cover Inferno is a fantasy role-playing game published by Death's Edge Games in 1994. Description Inferno is a role-playing game set in Hell. The player have a choice between playing a heroic player character who tries to save innocent souls abducted by the forces of evil and aid damned spirits struggling to achieve redemption; or an evil necromancer seeking to conquer Hell. In addition to role-playing rules, the book also contains magical spells, and a compendium of infernal creatures. Character generation Players choose one of four races (mortal, shade, hellspawn, or imp), and roll dice to create the character's attributes. Players then choose a class, which also determines faith status from Faithful to Infernal. Faithful characters are more constrained in terms of actions and magic, but Infernal characters have no protection from more powerful evil beings. To finish the character, the player purchases skills using a pool of creation points. Skill and combat resolution To resolve both skills and combat, the player must roll a twenty-sided die and get the same or less than the target number. For every two points by which a combat roll succeeds, an additional point of damage is done. Publication history Inferno is a 136-page perfect-bound book written by Gabe Ivan, with illustrations by Thom Thurman and Sean Parrack, and was published by Death's Edge Games in 1994. The following year, Death's Edge published an expansion supplement, Gods of Hell, and an adventure, Out of the Abyss. No further publications were released. Reception In the August 1994 edition of Dragon ( #208 ), Lester W. Smith thought "The game system itself is quite good." But despite this, he believed the game's divide between good and evil players was a built-in weakness. He foresaw that most players would opt for Infernal characters, and then rapidly get bored "with having their characters torment less powerful creatures, and will become frustrated when their own characters suffer at the hands of creatures more powerful than they." He concluded by giving the game an average rating of 4 out of 6, predicting that most players "will just toss the book and go back to their video games." In the January–February 1995 edition of Shadis (Issue 17), Dirk Dejong didn't think this was the most innovative on the market, except for the setting of Hell, which he thought was innovative. But he liked the tone of the game, and concluded with a strong recommendation, saying, "It's new, it's funny, it has the capacity to scare the pants off of you, and it gives the good guys a good name once more (as well as giving players a reason to be good)." Other recognition A copy of Inferno is held in the collection of the Strong National Museum of Play (object 110.2414).

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Usman Wazeer (; born 16 April 2000; commonly known as Usman ‘ The Asian Boy’ Wazeer) is a Pakistani professional boxer who currently holds the ABF Asian title, being the first Pakistani to win the title. He is nicknamed as the Asian Boy. Early life Usman Tajwar was born on the 16 April 2000 in the Astore District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. After spending his youth in Astore, Wazeer and his family shifted to Islamabad in 2009 after which he joined the Army Public School Chinar Campus in Murree. In 2015, Wazeer accidentally stumbled upon boxing while playing football in the Islamabad Sports Complex when a local boxing group motivated him to take up the sport because of his boxer like physique and looks. Amateur career Usman Wazeer began his amateur boxing career in April 2015. He joined the Army Camp GHQ where Wazeer began his training with former Olympian Boxer Ahmed Ali Khan. Quickly rising through the ranks, Wazeer started competing at club level, then Islamabad level, HEC Pakistan All University level and then Provincial level. In 2017 Wazeer was selected in Pakistan’s National Amateur Boxing Team and represented the Youth National Team in Azerbaijan. During the Punjab Championships in 2018, Wazeer caught the eye of renowned boxer Amir Khan, the chief guest, who recognized his talent and offered to work with him as a professional boxer. Wazeer turned pro in 2018 and had his first professional fight in 2019.

Usman Tajwar Wazeer (; born 16 April 2000; commonly known as Usman ‘ Asian Boy’ Wazeer) is a Pakistani professional boxer who currently holds the ABF Asian title, being the first Pakistani to win the title. He is nicknamed as the Asian Boy. Early life Usman Tajwar Wazeer was born on the April16, 2000 in the city of Astore in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. After spending his youth in Astore, Wazeer and his family shifted to Islamabad in 2009 after which he joined the Army Public School Chinar Campus in Murree. In 2015, Wazeer stumbled upon boxing while playing football in the Islamabad Sports Complex when a local boxing group motivated him to take up the sport because of his boxer like physique and looks. Amateur boxing career Usman Wazeer began his amateur boxing career in April 2015. He joined the Army Camp GHQ where Wazeer began his training with former Olympian Boxer Ahmed Ali Khan. Quickly rising through the ranks, Wazeer started competing at club level, then Islamabad level, HEC Pakistan All University level and then Provincial level. In 2017 Wazeer was selected in Pakistan’s National Amateur Boxing Team and represented the Youth National Team in Azerbaijan. During the Punjab Championships in 2018, Wazeer caught the eye of renowned boxer Amir Khan, the chief guest, who recognized his talent and offered to work with him as a professional boxer. Wazeer turned pro in 2018 and had his first professional fight in 2019.

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In 2021, Wazeer is set to become the first Pakistani Boxer to fight for the world youth title .

Return to boxing On 22 May 2021, Usman was set to fight for the IBF Youth in Title in Manila, Philippines under the Manny Pacquiao Promotions. However, the fight has been postponed .

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Amateur boxing career Usman Wazeer began his amateur boxing career in April 2015. He joined the Army Camp GHQ where Wazeer began his training with former Olympian Boxer Ahmed Ali Khan. Quickly rising through the ranks, Wazeer started competing at club level , then Islamabad level, HEC Pakistan All University level and then Provincial level . In 2017 Wazeer was selected in Pakistan’s National Amateur Boxing Team and represented the Youth National Team in Azerbaijan. During the Punjab Championships in 2018, Wazeer caught the eye of renowned boxer Amir Khan, the chief guest, who recognized his talent and offered to work with him as a professional boxer . Wazeer turned pro in 2018 and had his first professional fight in 2019.

Amateur boxing career Usman Wazeer began his amateur boxing career in April 2015. He joined the Army Camp GHQ where Wazeer began his training with former Olympian Boxer Ahmed Ali Khan. Quickly rising through the ranks, Wazeer started competing at club level . He won the Quaid-e-Azam Games Bronze Medalist. Wazeer then competed at the Islamabad level. Wazeer then competed at HEC Pakistan All University where he won the 2017 HEC All Pakistan Gold Medal. After competing at the Provincial level, Wazeer was ranked as Pakistan's Youth number 1 ranked . In 2017 Wazeer was selected in Pakistan’s national amateur boxing team and represented the Youth National Team in Azerbaijan. Wazeer turned professional boxer in 2018 and had his first professional fight in 2019.

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Infinite Domains is a role-playing game published by Infinite Concepts in 1996. Gameplay Infinite Domains is a universal roleplaying system with an & Action Point system for universal task URL Reviews Dragon #236 (Dec., 1996)

right Infinite Domains is a generic role-playing game system published by Infinite Concepts in 1996. Description Infinite Domains is a universal role-playing system that can be used to create a role-playing game adventure or URL Character generation To create a character, the player first randomly determines eight basic attributes — Affinity, Control, Dexterity, Intellect, Speed, Strength, Vitality, and Luck. These then determine nine secondary attributes such as Endurance and Movement. The player then chooses a career from three choices — Warrior, Professional, or Magus — which determines the skills that are available. The player is given a pool of points with which to purchase these skills. Random determinations from a Height& Weight table, and a Family Background Table complete the character. Action Point system During combat, time is divided into six-second rounds. Each character has a number of Action Points equal to one-third of its Speed. Each desired action — fighting, moving, picking a lock, looking for an item — requires a certain number of Action Points. To determine what the character can do in one round, the player "buys" actions with the character's available Action Points. The character can do as many things as the player desires until it runs out of Action Points. Skill resolution To see if a challenging task can be completed successfully, the player must roll percentile dice equal to or less than the relevant skill value that the character possesses. Combat The player determines what sort of attack the character is attempting, rolls percentile dice, and then consults a table to see how much if any damage has been dealt. Publication history Infinite Domains, a 110-page softcover book, was created by Steve Hemmesch, illustrated by Anthony Schrock, Damion McDunn, and Pat Thomas, and published by Infinite Concepts in 1996. The company produced no further publications. Reception In the December 1986 edition of Dragon ( #236 ), Rick Swan was initially skeptical of a "generic" role-playing system, recalling past failures such as Eternal Soldier (1986), and Worlds of Wonder (1982). However, Swan was pleasantly surprised by the "streamlined character creation system", the action point system and the combat system. He was not as impressed by the magic system, or some imprecise language that provided "head-scratching prose." He concluded by giving the book an average rating of 4 out of 6, saying, "For do-it-yourselfers in the market for a universal system, Infinite Domains makes an excellent alternative to GURPS and Fudge; it’s less demanding than the former, more serious than the latter." However, he ended with a warning to prospective gamemasters about the work that would be involved in designing a campaign: "Remember: Infinite Domains has no setting, scenarios, or NPCs. It’s only a frame. You have to provide the picture."

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Interethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan are a series of insurgencies in Kazakhstan that date back to when the country was part of the Soviet Union, then known as the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. These conflicts have largely been ethnic-based, although in recent years they have decreased in numbers. Some of these conflicts have called for the independence, or the increased autonomy of the group in the country. General prerequisites for conflicts The first post-war inter-ethnic clashes and conflicts occurred with the deported communities of ethnic minorities which were settled on Kazakh lands during the Second World War. The first interethnic conflicts that occurred in the post-war years were also associated with Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign of the late 1950s. During this period, about six million Russians and Ukrainians from the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR moved into the Kazakh SSR to work in the vast agricultural collective farmlands. This created a significant demographic imbalance of the population. Many conflicts were classified by local law enforcement agencies as criminal offenses by a large group of people, and the authorities tried to hide such events from the public. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, all small-scale conflicts were mainly against representatives of small groups such as Kurds, Chechens, Lezgins, Avars, Dargins, and Uyghurs. Most of these conflicts took place between Kazakhs and representatives of the Caucasian peoples, as well as the Uyghurs. The absence of serious mass interethnic conflicts of Kazakhs with larger ethnic groups have often been attributed to the multinational nature of the country, as well as a large percentage of Kazakhs who speak a second language besides their native Kazakh language.Назарбаев предложил странам ОБСЕ казахстанскую модель толерантностиСпецифика преподавания истории КазахстанаВыстраивая архитектуру мира и согласия. Глава государства Нурсултан Назарбаев выдвинул инициативу создания Центра ОБСЕ по вопросам толерантности и недискриминации Новая Газета | № 29 от 23 Марта 2009 г. | Доводы толпы List of interethnic conflicts 1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan 1989 Noviy Uzen conflict - Also known as the Novouzenskaya Massacre, it took place on 17-28 June 1989 between groups of Kazakhs and people from the North Caucasus. The riot combined elements of strong social discontent, anti-Soviet ideas and inter-communal clashes, directed primarily against people from the Caucasus. The riot was suppressed by special forces. The exact number of deaths is unknown (figures from 4 to 200 people are called). 1992 Ust-Kamenogorsk clashes between Kazakhs and Chechens On 20 August 2006, anti-Caucasian demonstrations took place in the city of Aktau. Later that October, an interethnic conflict took place, with a mass brawl taking place between Turkish and Kazakh workers at the Tengiz Field located in the Zhylyoi District of the Atyrau Region. In November 2006, a Kazakh-Uyghur conflict took place in Shelek. In March 2007, a Kazakh-Chechen conflict took place in the Almaty Region. In October-November 2007, an anti-Kurdish conflict took place in the village of Mayatas, located in the Tole Bi District of the Turkistan Region between Kurds and Kazakhs. In February 2015, pogroms of the local Tajik population took place in the village of Bostandyk. Interethnic clashes between Kazakhs and Turks took place in February 2016, in the village of Buryl, Jambyl Region, when a 17-year-old Turkish teenager broke into a house where he killed a 5-year-old Kazakh boy. As a result, the houses of the Turks in the village were attacked by people throwing stones.На юге Казахстана начались массовые беспорядкиВ Казахстане произошли межэтнические столкновения из-за убийства ребенка On New Year's Eve and New Year's Day in 2018/2019, a fight broke out at a Karaganda restaurant, which although was not of an interethnic nature, spurred anti-Armenian hostilities since a 23-year old Kazakh was killed and the restaurant owner was Armenian. Several Armenian families, fearing reprisals, left the city.ekaraganda.kz /Хронология драки в Караганде: что произошло в «Древнем Риме», рассказали в МВД Anti-Armenian unrest has spread to other cities across the country, with a mob attacking a coffee shop named Cafe Baku in Semey, confusing Armenia with Azerbaijan. 2020 Dungan–Kazakh ethnic clashes8 человек погибли при инциденте в Кордайском районе: 08 февраля 2020, 12:20 - новости на Tengrinews.kzНочной кошмар. События в сёлах Кордайского района: есть жертвы и раненыеПодробности событий в Кордайском районе. Видео: 08 февраля 2020, 12:07 - новости на Tengrinews.kz

The ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan refer to a series of insurgencies in Kazakhstan that date back to when the country was part of the Soviet Union, then known as the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. These conflicts have largely been ethnic-based, although in recent years they have decreased in numbers. Some of these conflicts have called for the independence, or the increased autonomy of the group in the country. General prerequisites for conflicts The first post-war inter-ethnic clashes and conflicts occurred with the deported communities of ethnic minorities which were settled on Kazakh lands during the Second World War. The first ethnic conflicts that occurred in the post-war years were also associated with Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign of the late 1950s. During this period, about six million Russians and Ukrainians from the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR moved into the Kazakh SSR to work in the vast agricultural collective farmlands. This created a significant demographic imbalance of the population. Many conflicts were classified by local law enforcement agencies as criminal offenses by a large group of people, and the authorities tried to hide such events from the public. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, all small-scale conflicts were mainly against representatives of small groups such as Kurds, Chechens, Lezgins, Avars, Dargins, and Uyghurs. Most of these conflicts took place between Kazakhs and representatives of the Caucasian peoples, as well as the Uyghurs. The absence of serious mass interethnic conflicts of Kazakhs with larger ethnic groups have often been attributed to the multinational nature of the country, as well as a large percentage of Kazakhs who speak a second language besides their native Kazakh language.Назарбаев предложил странам ОБСЕ казахстанскую модель толерантностиСпецифика преподавания истории КазахстанаВыстраивая архитектуру мира и согласия. Глава государства Нурсултан Назарбаев выдвинул инициативу создания Центра ОБСЕ по вопросам толерантности и недискриминации Новая Газета | № 29 от 23 Марта 2009 г. | Доводы толпы List of ethnic conflicts 1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan 1989 Noviy Uzen conflict - Also known as the Novouzenskaya Massacre, it took place on 17-28 June 1989 between groups of Kazakhs and people from the North Caucasus. The riot combined elements of strong social discontent, anti-Soviet ideas and inter-communal clashes, directed primarily against people from the Caucasus. The riot was suppressed by special forces. The exact number of deaths is unknown (figures from 4 to 200 people are called). 1992 Ust-Kamenogorsk clashes between Kazakhs and Chechens On 20 August 2006, anti-Caucasian demonstrations took place in the city of Aktau. Later that October, an interethnic conflict took place, with a mass brawl taking place between Turkish and Kazakh workers at the Tengiz Field located in the Zhylyoi District of the Atyrau Region. In November 2006, a Kazakh-Uyghur conflict took place in Shelek. In March 2007, a Kazakh-Chechen conflict took place in the Almaty Region. In October-November 2007, an anti-Kurdish conflict took place in the village of Mayatas, located in the Tole Bi District of the Turkistan Region between Kurds and Kazakhs. In February 2015, pogroms of the local Tajik population took place in the village of Bostandyk. Interethnic clashes between Kazakhs and Turks took place in February 2016, in the village of Buryl, Jambyl Region, when a 17-year-old Turkish teenager broke into a house where he killed a 5-year-old Kazakh boy. As a result, the houses of the Turks in the village were attacked by people throwing stones.На юге Казахстана начались массовые беспорядкиВ Казахстане произошли межэтнические столкновения из-за убийства ребенка On New Year's Eve and New Year's Day in 2018/2019, a fight broke out at a Karaganda restaurant, which although was not of an interethnic nature, spurred anti-Armenian hostilities since a 23-year old Kazakh was killed and the restaurant owner was Armenian. Several Armenian families, fearing reprisals, left the city.ekaraganda.kz /Хронология драки в Караганде: что произошло в «Древнем Риме», рассказали в МВД Anti-Armenian unrest has spread to other cities across the country, with a mob attacking a coffee shop named Cafe Baku in Semey, confusing Armenia with Azerbaijan. 2020 Dungan–Kazakh ethnic clashes8 человек погибли при инциденте в Кордайском районе: 08 февраля 2020, 12:20 - новости на Tengrinews.kzНочной кошмар. События в сёлах Кордайского района: есть жертвы и раненыеПодробности событий в Кордайском районе. Видео: 08 февраля 2020, 12:07 - новости на Tengrinews.kz

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Role in biology Chloride has a major physiological significance, which includes regulation of osmotic pressure, electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis. Chloride is the most abundant extracellular anion and accounts for around one third of extracellular fluid tonicity. Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river / groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage potable water. Many water regulating companies around the world utilize chloride to check the contamination levels of the rivers and potable water sources.

Role in biology Chloride has a major physiological significance, which includes regulation of osmotic pressure, electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis. Chloride is present in all body fluids, and is the most abundant extracellular anion which accounts for around one third of extracellular fluid 's tonicity. Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river / groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage and potable water. Many water regulating companies around the world utilize chloride to check the contamination levels of the rivers and potable water sources.

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Another hadith was also narrated by the companion Abdullah ibn Umar, may God Almighty be pleased with him, in which he URL In most Mus'hafs of the Noble Quran these are indicated by the symbol ۩ , with an over-line on the word/s that invoked the URL Muslims must prostrate once in order to follow the Sunnah (example) of Muhammad and recite any one or more of the following along with Takbir before and after the URL

Another hadith was also narrated by the companion Abdullah ibn Umar, may God Almighty be pleased with him, in which he said: In most Mus'hafs of the Noble Quran these are indicated by the symbol ۩ , with an over-line on the word/s that invoked the Sujud. Muslims must prostrate once in order to follow the Sunnah (example) of Muhammad and recite any one or more of the following along with Takbir before and after the Sujud.

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Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: "This is the saying of Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah Ibn Abbas, Said ibn al-Musayyib, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Hasan al-Basri, Ikrimah al-Barbari, Mujahid ibn Jabr, Ata ibn Abi Rabah, Tawus ibn Kaysan, Malik ibn Anas, and a group of the people of URL It was reported on the authority of Abu Darda that he said: “I prostrate eleven with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace”, in a hadith narrated by Ibn URL And Ibn Abbas narrated: “The Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, did not prostrate in any of al-Mufassal since he turned to Medina”, in a hadith narrated by Abu URL Verses of prostration Sujud in Salah. The Āyates of Sujud Tilawa in the Quran are eleven in the Maliki fiqh, ten of which are defined by the Ijma and applied to Warsh URL The four remaining Sajadates to close the number of fifteen are located in the Surates of the going from Surah Qaf to Surah URL

Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: "This is the saying of Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah Ibn Abbas, Said ibn al-Musayyib, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Hasan al-Basri, Ikrimah al-Barbari, Mujahid ibn Jabr, Ata ibn Abi Rabah, Tawus ibn Kaysan, Malik ibn Anas, and a group of the people of Medina". It was reported on the authority of Abu Darda that he said: “I prostrate eleven with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace”, in a hadith narrated by Ibn Majah. And Ibn Abbas narrated: “The Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, did not prostrate in any of al-Mufassal since he turned to Medina”, in a hadith narrated by Abu Dawood. Verses of prostration Sujud in Salah. The Āyates of Sujud Tilawa in the Quran are eleven in the Maliki fiqh, ten of which are defined by the Ijma and applied to Warsh recitation: The four remaining Sajadates to close the number of fifteen are located in the Surates of the going from Surah Qaf to Surah Al-Nas:

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Tweeza (), also Touiza or Tiwizi, is the term used in Algeria to designate the cooperation in a sufi and cultural heritage in which a group from the tariqa or zawiya in a community or village gathers and cooperates in order to contribute to the achievement of charitable work, help the needy or the poor, build a house for a person or a mosque, clean a cemetery or village or mosque, or harvest wheat fields and olive URL Presentation The Tweeza is reflected in the village societies revolving around the Sufi zawiyas by voluntary action and by cleaning, weeding, collecting waste and other rubbish as well as the planting of fruit and ornamental URL This collective and voluntary activity of the murids is thus initiated to rehabilitate scrub cemeteries, which represents a gesture of awareness which implies a surge of solidarity from the citizens of the entire URL In addition to the Sheikh of the Zawiya of the region who oversees the activity of the Tweeza through his Barakah, it is also the of each village who coordinates the associative logistics in collaboration with local elected officials and Imams of mosques, and even personalities acquired to the environmental and social cause of the URL This altruistic participation results in the donation of quality shrubs from botanical nurseries, especially during the rainy season despite the unfavorable climatic URL This action maintains the concept of Tweeza and rehabilitates it in the form of a voluntary service which was once practiced everywhere in the rural and village world, and which must be protected and preserved from the tendency to disappear over time due to of modernity and URL The Tweeza supposes the union or the conjugation of the efforts of the "Thadjmaath" to carry out works of common interest such as the plowing-sowing campaigns, the construction of mosques, zawiyas and URL It is also a form of mutual aid to support the underprivileged groups when it comes to building homes by reducing and mitigating the resulting financial URL This is how the Tweeza consolidates the bonds of friendship, fraternity and solidarity between rural citizens in the popular mountain neighborhoods and cities and in the suburbs and outskirts of urbanized cities. Tiwizi en Kabylie : Les chants des cueilleuses d’olives, un patrimoine à sauvegarder URL Harvesting olives Harvesting olives During the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, all the women of the villages meet with their children to collect together and in turn all the olives, a kind of Tweeza, all in a good-natured atmosphere by reciting songs in URL As every year, the inhabitants of these steep regions celebrate the olive picking by the Tweeza and festivals that last all the month of December and extend until January to welcome the Berber New Year called URL Women and men are mobilized to make these festivities a success, which reinforces the spirit of solidarity between the villagers, especially at the end of the day around a large dish of URL For guests from outside the village, honey and grape pancakes are offered in these olive-growing regions where the Tweeza accompanies the picking of olives in a ceremonial climate, where it is the village Amin who gives the signal for URL The Tweeza troop then moves, from olive grove to olive grove during each day, and in the evening, in each dechra, it is the night party with meals and sweets embellished by songs in honor of the tree. of the blessed olive tree.Tiwizi en Kabylie : les chants des cueilleuses d’olives, un patrimoine à URL

Tweeza (), also Touiza or Tiwizi, is the term used in Algeria to designate the cooperation in a sufi and cultural heritage in which a group from the tariqa or zawiya in a community or village gathers and cooperates in order to contribute to the achievement of charitable work, help the needy or the poor, build a house for a person or a mosque, clean a cemetery or village or mosque, or harvest wheat fields and olive trees. Presentation The Tweeza is reflected in the village societies revolving around the Sufi zawiyas by voluntary action and by cleaning, weeding, collecting waste and other rubbish as well as the planting of fruit and ornamental trees. This collective and voluntary activity of the murids is thus initiated to rehabilitate scrub cemeteries, which represents a gesture of awareness which implies a surge of solidarity from the citizens of the entire village. In addition to the Sheikh of the Zawiya of the region who oversees the activity of the Tweeza through his Barakah, it is also the of each village who coordinates the associative logistics in collaboration with local elected officials and Imams of mosques, and even personalities acquired to the environmental and social cause of the community. This altruistic participation results in the donation of quality shrubs from botanical nurseries, especially during the rainy season despite the unfavorable climatic conditions. This action maintains the concept of Tweeza and rehabilitates it in the form of a voluntary service which was once practiced everywhere in the rural and village world, and which must be protected and preserved from the tendency to disappear over time due to of modernity and urbanization. The Tweeza supposes the union or the conjugation of the efforts of the "Thadjmaath" to carry out works of common interest such as the plowing-sowing campaigns, the construction of mosques, zawiyas and medersas. It is also a form of mutual aid to support the underprivileged groups when it comes to building homes by reducing and mitigating the resulting financial charges. This is how the Tweeza consolidates the bonds of friendship, fraternity and solidarity between rural citizens in the popular mountain neighborhoods and cities and in the suburbs and outskirts of urbanized cities. Harvesting olives Harvesting olives During the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, all the women of the villages meet with their children to collect together and in turn all the olives, a kind of Tweeza, all in a good-natured atmosphere by reciting songs in chorus. As every year, the inhabitants of these steep regions celebrate the olive picking by the Tweeza and festivals that last all the month of December and extend until January to welcome the Berber New Year called Yennayer. Women and men are mobilized to make these festivities a success, which reinforces the spirit of solidarity between the villagers, especially at the end of the day around a large dish of couscous. For guests from outside the village, honey and grape pancakes are offered in these olive-growing regions where the Tweeza accompanies the picking of olives in a ceremonial climate, where it is the village Amin who gives the signal for galling. The Tweeza troop then moves, from olive grove to olive grove during each day, and in the evening, in each dechra, it is the night party with meals and sweets embellished by songs in honor of the tree. of the blessed olive tree.Tiwizi en Kabylie : les chants des cueilleuses d’olives, un patrimoine à sauvegarder

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Presentation The Tweeza is reflected in the village societies revolving around the Sufi zawiyas by voluntary action and by cleaning, weeding, collecting waste and other rubbish as well as the planting of fruit and ornamental trees. In addition to the Sheikh of the Zawiya of the region who oversees the activity of the Tweeza through his Barakah, it is also the of each village who coordinates the associative logistics in collaboration with local elected officials and Imams of mosques, and even personalities acquired to the environmental and social cause of the community. This action maintains the concept of Tweeza and rehabilitates it in the form of a voluntary service which was once practiced everywhere in the rural and village world, and which must be protected and preserved from the tendency to disappear over time due to of modernity and urbanization. The Tweeza supposes the union or the conjugation of the efforts of the "Thadjmaath" to carry out works of common interest such as the plowing-sowing campaigns, the construction of mosques, zawiyas and medersas. Harvesting olives Harvesting olives During the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, all the women of the villages meet with their children to collect together and in turn all the olives, a kind of Tweeza, all in a good-natured atmosphere by reciting songs in chorus. The Tweeza troop then moves, from olive grove to olive grove during each day, and in the evening, in each dechra, it is the night party with meals and sweets embellished by songs in honor of the tree . of the blessed olive tree.Tiwizi en Kabylie : les chants des cueilleuses d’olives, un patrimoine à sauvegarder

Presentation The Tweeza is reflected in the village societies revolving around the Sufi zawiyas by voluntary action of cleaning, weeding, collecting waste and other rubbish as well as the planting of fruit and ornamental trees. In addition to the Sheikh of the Zawiya of the region who oversees the activity of the Tweeza through his Barakah, it is also the of each village to coordinate the associative logistics in collaboration with local elected officials and Imams of mosques, and even personalities acquired for the environmental and social cause of the community. This action maintains the concept of Tweeza and rehabilitates it in the form of a voluntary service which was once practiced everywhere in the rural and village world, and which must be protected and preserved from the tendency to disappear over time due to modernity and urbanization. The Tweeza supposes the union or the conjugation of the efforts of the "Thadjmaath" to carry out works of common interest such as the plowing and sowing campaigns, the construction of mosques, zawiyas and medersas. Harvesting olives Harvesting olives During the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, all the women of the villages meet with their children to collect together in turn all the olives, a kind of Tweeza, all in a good-natured atmosphere by reciting songs in chorus. The Tweeza troop then moves, from olive grove to olive grove during each day, and in the evening, in each dechra, it is a night of party with meals and sweets embellished by songs in honor of the tree of the blessed olive tree.Tiwizi en Kabylie : les chants des cueilleuses d’olives, un patrimoine à sauvegarder

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Tweeza (), also Touiza or Tiwizi, is the term used in Algeria to designate the cooperation in a sufi and cultural heritage in which a group from the tariqa or zawiya in a community or village gathers and cooperates in order to contribute to the achievement of charitable work, help the needy or the poor, build a house for a person or a mosque, clean a cemetery or village or mosque, or harvest wheat fields and olive trees.

Tweeza (), also Touiza or Tiwizi, is the term used in Algeria to designate the cooperation in a Sufi and cultural heritage in which a group from the tariqa or zawiya in a community or village gathers and cooperates in order to contribute to the achievement of charitable work, help the needy or the poor, build a house for a person or a mosque, clean a cemetery , village, or mosque, or harvest wheat fields and olive trees.

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Sebiba Touareg Exhibition of Djanet in Algeria. Sebiba () is the term used in Algeria to designate a festival and the Tuareg people's dance performed on this occasion and accompanied by female drummers in the Sahara oasis of Djanet in the Tassili n'Ajjer region in southern Algeria. The dance originated among the descendants of black African slaves and is part of the celebrations for the Islamic Ashura URL Cultural environment The Tuareg people in Algeria and in the Sahel are traditionally divided into two social URL The upper class of the aristocrats is called Imajeghen or Imuhagh in Tamasheq language and corresponds to the warriors (hassan) among the Moorish URL At the lower end of the social class are the Iklan, slaves or Abīd among the Bidhan URL The slaves kidnapped from the Sudan region are free today and form the majority within Tuareg URL The blacksmiths, which made all tools, weapons and jewelry, formed a separate group that was previously outside of society and was URL They are called Inaden, according to the Bidhan, this is why the Sebiba dance and drum music have black African URL Another male dance of the black Tuareg population, Tazanzareet, was accompanied by female singing and whistling; it was hardly ever URL In this noble Tuareg seldom dance, their wives play the single-stringed fiddle Imzad or beat the mortar drum Tendee to accompany the singing URL Characteristics Sebiba murid. The first day through the tenth day of the first Islamic month of Muharram is the time for rites of passage that usher in the new year. The climax is the tenth day, the Ashura day (), which has other religious meanings depending on the Islamic URL New Hijri Year's Day is the following eleventh Muharram. In Djanet, Sebiba is called the dance and the entire city festival at the turn of the URL The cultural background of the Sebiba also includes the mythological idea of the end of the year, a new beginning and an interim period that is in transition and dissolving during the duration of the festival. This general cosmogonic concept is passed down as Tuareg customs (Tagdudt) and is said to have been known to nomadic Tuaregs in the URL Oral tradition traces the origin of the Sebiba back to the death of Pharaoh, who drowned in the Red Sea while persecuting Moses (Sidi Moussa) and the Jews, in accordance with Sunni Islamic tradition on the origin of Ashura.Sahih Bukhari Book31 Hadith 222, Book55 Hadith609, and Book58 Hadith279, ; Sahih Muslim Book 6 Hadith 2518, 2519, 2520 At that time, good triumphed over evil, which is expressed in the new beginning of nature during the Ashura URL To thank you for the victory, the Sebiba is said to have been invented. To distinguish it from Sebiba dances, which can also be performed in other villages at weddings and other private celebrations, the festival on Ashura Day is called Sebiba n’Tililin (other spelling Sebeiba ou URL World Heritage Tassili n'Ajjer in Algerian Sahara. The feast of Sebiba in Algerian Sahara has been classified as Tuareg heritage and Cultural heritage forming part of the world heritage of humanity, where the traditional costume made for the occasion holds a central URL The ritual and ceremonies of Sebiba in the oasis of Djanet were inscribed in the year 2014 among the UNESCO lists of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of URL The dance in this festival is a dance genre being part of the UNESCO lists of intangible cultural heritage, associated with singing, music and URL The Sebiba includes celebratory, ritual dance, folk songs and drumming, social dances localised and practised mainly in the Algerian URL Sebiba dance is a very complex phenomenon, which involves culture, traditions, the use of human bodies, artefacts (such as costumes and props), as well as a specific use of music, space and sunshine URL As a result, a lot of tangible and intangible elements are combined within Sebiba dance, making it a challenging but extremely interesting type of Algerian and Tuareg heritage to URL

Sebiba Touareg Exhibition of Djanet in Algeria. Sebiba () is the term used in Algeria to designate a festival and the Tuareg people's dance performed on this occasion and accompanied by female drummers in the Sahara oasis of Djanet in the Tassili n'Ajjer region in southern Algeria. The dance originated among the descendants of black African slaves and is part of the celebrations for the Islamic Ashura Festival. Cultural environment The Tuareg people in Algeria and in the Sahel are traditionally divided into two social classes. The upper class of the aristocrats is called Imajeghen or Imuhagh in Tamasheq language and corresponds to the warriors (hassan) among the Moorish Bidhan. At the lower end of the social class are the Iklan, slaves or Abīd among the Bidhan (). The slaves kidnapped from the Sudan region are free today and form the majority within Tuareg society. The blacksmiths, which made all tools, weapons and jewelry, formed a separate group that was previously outside of society and was outlawed. They are called Inaden, according to the Bidhan, this is why the Sebiba dance and drum music have black African roots. Another male dance of the black Tuareg population, Tazanzareet, was accompanied by female singing and whistling; it was hardly ever performed. In this noble Tuareg seldom dance, their wives play the single-stringed fiddle Imzad or beat the mortar drum Tendee to accompany the singing men. Characteristics Sebiba murid. The first day through the tenth day of the first Islamic month of Muharram is the time for rites of passage that usher in the new year. The climax is the tenth day, the Ashura day (), which has other religious meanings depending on the Islamic denomination. New Hijri Year's Day is the following eleventh Muharram. In Djanet, Sebiba is called the dance and the entire city festival at the turn of the year. The cultural background of the Sebiba also includes the mythological idea of the end of the year, a new beginning and an interim period that is in transition and dissolving during the duration of the festival. This general cosmogonic concept is passed down as Tuareg customs (Tagdudt) and is said to have been known to nomadic Tuaregs in the past. Oral tradition traces the origin of the Sebiba back to the death of Pharaoh, who drowned in the Red Sea while persecuting Moses (Sidi Moussa) and the Jews, in accordance with Sunni Islamic tradition on the origin of Ashura.Sahih Bukhari Book31 Hadith 222, Book55 Hadith609, and Book58 Hadith279, ; Sahih Muslim Book 6 Hadith 2518, 2519, 2520 At that time, good triumphed over evil, which is expressed in the new beginning of nature during the Ashura days. To thank you for the victory, the Sebiba is said to have been invented. To distinguish it from Sebiba dances, which can also be performed in other villages at weddings and other private celebrations, the festival on Ashura Day is called Sebiba n’Tililin (other spelling Sebeiba ou Tillellin). World Heritage Tassili n'Ajjer in Algerian Sahara. The feast of Sebiba in Algerian Sahara has been classified as Tuareg heritage and Cultural heritage forming part of the world heritage of humanity, where the traditional costume made for the occasion holds a central place. The ritual and ceremonies of Sebiba in the oasis of Djanet were inscribed in the year 2014 among the UNESCO lists of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The dance in this festival is a dance genre being part of the UNESCO lists of intangible cultural heritage, associated with singing, music and celebrations. The Sebiba includes celebratory, ritual dance, folk songs and drumming, social dances localised and practised mainly in the Algerian Sahara. Sebiba dance is a very complex phenomenon, which involves culture, traditions, the use of human bodies, artefacts (such as costumes and props), as well as a specific use of music, space and sunshine light. As a result, a lot of tangible and intangible elements are combined within Sebiba dance, making it a challenging but extremely interesting type of Algerian and Tuareg heritage to safeguard.

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Other dances of the originally black population of the Maghreb are the Stambali, a Tunisian dance that is part of an obsession rite and its Moroccan counterpart Derdeba. The Algerian dance of the Berber women Abdaoui also has a seasonal URL This classified dance form is officially recognised as an Algerian cultural heritage, and is appreciated and enjoyed all over the world, and have a very international dimension and touristic URL

Other dances of the originally black population of the Maghreb are the Stambali, a Tunisian dance that is part of an obsession rite and its Moroccan counterpart Derdeba. The Algerian dance of the Berber women Abdaoui also has a seasonal reference. This classified dance form is officially recognised as an Algerian cultural heritage, and is appreciated and enjoyed all over the world, and have a very international dimension and touristic attraction.

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Zawiyas in Algeria Senusiyya Cultural heritage UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists Mawlid Ashura Mawsim Ahellil Assihar Diwane Sebouaa Imzad Tindi Tahmat Allagh Tazanzareet Tweeza Yennayer Ziyarat Fantasia Marabout Saint Barakah Wezeea

Zawiyas in Algeria Senusiyya Cultural heritage UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists Mawlid Ashura Mawsim Imzad Tweeza Yennayer Ziyarat Fantasia Marabout Saint Barakah Wezeea

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They are called Inaden, according to the Bidhan, this is why the Sebiba dance and drum music have black African roots. New Hijri Year's Day is the following eleventh Muharram. In Djanet, Sebiba is called the dance and the entire city festival at the turn of the year. The idea of a chaotic transition period relates to the seasonal regeneration of nature, but can also be associated with a mythological reassurance of the power of black African rulers. There the kingship goes through a regularly recurring phase of ritual anarchy, in which the relations of rule are turned upside down and sham battles are carried out until the ruler has finally been confirmed as having his divine origin. To thank you for the victory, the Sebiba is said to have been invented. To distinguish it from Sebiba dances, which can also be performed in other villages at weddings and other private celebrations, the festival on Ashura Day is called Sebiba n’Tililin (other spelling Sebeiba ou Tillellin).

They are called Inaden, according to the Bidhan, and this is why the Sebiba dance and drum music has black African roots. New Hijri Year's Day is the following eleventh Muharram. In Djanet, Sebiba is the dance and the entire city festival at the turn of the year. The idea of a chaotic transition period relates to the seasonal regeneration of nature, but can also be associated with a mythological reassurance of the power of black African rulers. There , the kingship goes through a regularly recurring phase of ritual anarchy, in which the relations of rule are turned upside down and sham battles are carried out until the ruler has finally been confirmed as having his divine origin. To give thanks for the victory, the Sebiba is said to have been invented. To distinguish it from Sebiba dances, which can also be performed in other villages at weddings and other private celebrations, the festival on Ashura Day is called Sebiba n’Tililin (other spelling Sebeiba ou Tillellin).

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Category:Sufism Category:Islamic terminology Category:Religious festivals Category:Algerian culture Category: Berber culture Category:Berber mythology Category:Rituals Category:Ashu

Category:Sufism Category:Islamic terminology Category:Religious festivals Category:Algerian culture Category: Festivals in Algeria Category: Berber culture Category:Berber mythology Category:Rituals Category:Ashu

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Wezeea () or Thawzeeath, also known as Thamcherateth (), is the term used in Algeria to designate one of the cultural customs in a sufi society observed by the inhabitants of rural areas, especially the Berbers of the Kabylia URL Presentation The Wezeea is not only widespread in the Kabylia region, but rather in the regions of the Aurès and Mozabite people, and elsewhere in the URL They are organized on several occasions and Mawsims, especially in the Ashura celebration, the season of Ramadan, the anniversary of the Mawlid, and the beginning of the plowing URL The disciples slaughter a number of cows, which the families and philanthropists share in buying them, and they share their meat in the end, so that the meat is accessible to all the families of the URL The poor people who do not share in the price of the cows get their share of the meat as well; This makes this habit more a social solidarity than something else and is considered a genuine Algerian cultural URL The Sufi orders, especially the Rahmaniyya order, are what contributed to preserving this custom in the Algerian rural URL Practices Since the Wezeea is one of the customs and traditions that the inhabitants of the Kabylia region inherited from grandfathers, the villagers collect money to buy calves or bulls, and the number of bulls sometimes reaches 17 or 20 URL If there are many families in the village, the slaughter process takes place on a predetermined day, usually on the day of Friday prayer, then the meat is cut into equal portions according to the number of members of each family, and the meat rations are distributed after that to the families living in the village in equal measure, so that there is no discrimination in the URL After distributing the meat to the families, the preparation process for the harvesting of olives and the demonstration of Tweeza begins, which usually takes place in traditional methods at the end of the autumn season, and the preparation is by cleaning the sides of the olive trees and removing weeds and branches that are useless from them and around URL Wezeea is therefore one of the most important manifestations of solidarity that characterizes the residents of the villages, madashir and neighborhoods of the Kabylia region. It is a solidarity process in addition to being an occasion linked to land and water, where the residents used to approach their Allah Almighty Lord by slaughtering calves and cows and distributing their meat to the poor people seeking URL And now this custom has become associated with the advent of religious occasions and Islamic holidays such as Eid al-Fitr, Qadr Night, and the Mawlid, and some of them hold it to celebrate the Amazigh New Year called Yennayer corresponding to the twelfth of January of each year in the Gregorian URL

Wezeea () or Thawzeeath, also known as Thamcherateth (), is the term used in Algeria to designate one of the cultural customs in a sufi society observed by the inhabitants of rural areas, especially the Berbers of the Kabylia region. Presentation The Wezeea is not only widespread in the Kabylia region, but rather in the regions of the Aurès and Mozabite people, and elsewhere in the country. They are organized on several occasions and Mawsims, especially in the Ashura celebration, the season of Ramadan, the anniversary of the Mawlid, and the beginning of the plowing season. The disciples slaughter a number of cows, which the families and philanthropists share in buying them, and they share their meat in the end, so that the meat is accessible to all the families of the village. The poor people who do not share in the price of the cows get their share of the meat as well; This makes this habit more a social solidarity than something else and is considered a genuine Algerian cultural heritage. The Sufi orders, especially the Rahmaniyya order, are what contributed to preserving this custom in the Algerian rural community. Practices Since the Wezeea is one of the customs and traditions that the inhabitants of the Kabylia region inherited from grandfathers, the villagers collect money to buy calves or bulls, and the number of bulls sometimes reaches 17 or 20 bulls. If there are many families in the village, the slaughter process takes place on a predetermined day, usually on the day of Friday prayer, then the meat is cut into equal portions according to the number of members of each family, and the meat rations are distributed after that to the families living in the village in equal measure, so that there is no discrimination in the division. After distributing the meat to the families, the preparation process for the harvesting of olives and the demonstration of Tweeza begins, which usually takes place in traditional methods at the end of the autumn season, and the preparation is by cleaning the sides of the olive trees and removing weeds and branches that are useless from them and around them. Wezeea is therefore one of the most important manifestations of solidarity that characterizes the residents of the villages, madashir and neighborhoods of the Kabylia region. It is a solidarity process in addition to being an occasion linked to land and water, where the residents used to approach their Allah Almighty Lord by slaughtering calves and cows and distributing their meat to the poor people seeking help. And now this custom has become associated with the advent of religious occasions and Islamic holidays such as Eid al-Fitr, Qadr Night, and the Mawlid, and some of them hold it to celebrate the Amazigh New Year called Yennayer corresponding to the twelfth of January of each year in the Gregorian calendar.

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Further reading Peter Kingsley, In the Dark Places of Wisdom, Inverness, CA: Golden Sufi Center, 1999 Edward Tick, PhD, The Practice of Dream Healing, Wheaton, IL: Quest Books, 2001

Further reading Edward Tick, PhD, The Practice of Dream Healing, Wheaton, IL: Quest Books, 2001 Peter Kingsley, In the Dark Places of Wisdom, Inverness, CA: Golden Sufi Center, 1999

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Ahl al-Khutwa (); People of step) is an adjective that people call everyone among Sufis and Walis who possesses this supernatural ability and Karamat to travel a very long distance in one URL Presentation This power can be applied in the blink of an eye, so that the Saints are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, or it is that ability to be in more than one place at the same URL So the people of the step are the ones for whom the land is folded and the travel distances shortened in front of them among the righteous servants of Allah Almighty. It was said that Sheikh Ahmad Zarruq was one of the people of the URL And it is said about the people of the step that they are people who claim that they are able to travel the distance in a step, so they are for example at a moment in Algeria, and at the other moment in the Hijaz, and they are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, and they have strange stories about that , like their story about a people who reside in a country, then they pray each Salah on time in the Masjid al-Haram of Mecca and the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi of URL Among the righteous Saints and Walis of Allah were those who were among the People of the step who could cut between the Maghreb and the Machrek in a short time, and some of them were walking in the URL This may be subtle and lead to this who is expelled from the mercy of Allah, as it is in the right of the accursed Iblis, and whoever has its course is among the people of shortcomings and URL Among the dignities of Imam Hasan al-Basri is that he used to pray the five daily prayers in Makkah, while he was residing in Basra, by using URL

Ahl al-Khutwa (); People of step) is an adjective that people call everyone among Sufis and Walis who possesses the supernatural ability and Karamat to travel a very long distance in one URL Presentation This power can be applied in the blink of an eye, so that the Saints are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, or the ability to be in more than one place at the same URL The people of the step are the ones for whom the land is folded and the travel distance is shortened in front of them , among the righteous servants of Allah Almighty. It was said that Sheikh Ahmad Zarruq was one of the people of the URL It is also said that the people of the step are people who claim that they are able to travel the distance in a step, such that, in one moment they are in Algeria, and at the other moment in the Hijaz, and they are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, and they have strange stories about that ; their story about people who reside in a country, then they pray each Salah on time in the Masjid al-Haram of Mecca and the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi of URL Among the righteous Saints and Walis of Allah , those who were the People of the step could cut between the Maghreb and the Machrek in a short time, and some of them were walking in the URL This may be subtle and can lead to being expelled from the mercy of Allah, as it is in the right of the accursed Iblis, and whoever has its course is among the people of shortcomings and URL Among the dignities of Imam , Hasan al-Basri used to pray the five daily prayers in Makkah, while he was residing in Basra, by using URL

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Ahl al-Khutwa (); People of step) is an adjective that people call everyone among Sufis and Walis who possesses the supernatural ability and Karamat to travel a very long distance in one URL Presentation This power can be applied in the blink of an eye, so that the Saints are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, or the ability to be in more than one place at the same URL The people of the step are the ones for whom the land is folded and the travel distance is shortened in front of them, among the righteous servants of Allah Almighty. It was said that Sheikh Ahmad Zarruq was one of the people of the URL It is also said that the people of the step are people who claim that they are able to travel the distance in a step, such that, in one moment they are in Algeria, and at the other moment in the Hijaz, and they are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, and they have strange stories about that; their story about people who reside in a country, then they pray each Salah on time in the Masjid al-Haram of Mecca and the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi of URL Imam Abu Madyan was a relief from the lords of the qouloubs and the kashf and the owners of the step in folding the earth and moving in the blink of an eye to distant places, whether by diving into the ground or by rising in the URL Among the righteous Saints and Walis of Allah, those who were the People of the step could cut between the Maghreb and the Machrek in a short time, and some of them were walking in the URL Misconducts Some disobedient people may have the property of folding the ground by making them step and shortening distances; If one of them is in Mecca, or wherever he wants in the URL See also Karamat

Ahl al-Khutwa (); People of step) is an adjective that people call everyone among Sufis and Walis who possesses the supernatural ability and Karamat to travel a very long distance in one step. Presentation This power can be applied in the blink of an eye, so that the Saints are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, or the ability to be in more than one place at the same time. The people of the step are the ones for whom the land is folded and the travel distance is shortened in front of them, among the righteous servants of Allah Almighty. It was said that Sheikh Ahmad Zarruq was one of the people of the step. It is also said that the people of the step are people who claim that they are able to travel the distance in a step, such that, in one moment they are in Algeria, and at the other moment in the Hijaz, and they are not obstructed by a sea or a mountain, and they have strange stories about that; their story about people who reside in a country, then they pray each Salah on time in the Masjid al-Haram of Mecca and the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi of Medina. Imam Abu Madyan was a relief from the lords of the qouloubs and the kashf and the owners of the step in folding the earth and moving in the blink of an eye to distant places, whether by diving into the ground or by rising in the sky. Among the righteous Saints and Walis of Allah, those who were the People of the step could cut between the Maghreb and the Machrek in a short time, and some of them were walking in the air. Misconducts Some disobedient people may have the property of folding the ground by making them step and shortening distances; If one of them is in Mecca, or wherever he wants in the country. See also Karamat Salah Musafir

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Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward . Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning . Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge) .

is an area of concerned with how ought to take in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside sand . Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge)

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Computing in Cardiology ( abbreviated as CinC, formerly known as Computers in Cardiology) is an international scientific conference held annually since 1974. The conference brings together scientists from medicine, bioengineering, and other related fields, focused at the application of computational methods in cardiology. Papers presented at the conference are published by IEEE . Since 2006, papers at the conference have been published under a Creative Commons license. The current president of the board of directors is Rob S. Macleod. Since 2000, CinC has hosted the annual Physionet/CinC data challenge. Indexing Computing in Cardiology is currently indexed in: Conference Proceedings Citation Index Scopus IEEE Xplore DBLP In 2019, the conference had a CiteScore of 1.4, and an SCImago Journal Rank of 0.296. In 2018, the conference had an unofficialJournal Citation Reports does not produce official impacts factors for conference proceedings. See Journal Citation Reports: Proceedings Papers and Impact Factors impact factor of 0.67. References External links Official website

Computing in Cardiology ( formerly known as Computers in Cardiology) is a scientific conference held annually since 1974. It brings together scientists from medicine, bioengineering, and other related fields, focused on the application of computational methods in cardiology. Papers presented at the conference are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . Since 2006, papers at the conference have been published under a Creative Commons license. The current president of the board of directors is Rob S. Macleod. Since 2000, the conference has hosted the annual Physionet/CinC data challenge. Abstracting and indexing Computing in Cardiology is abstracted and indexed in: Conference Proceedings Citation Index Scopus References External links

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Kalladikodan Hills are well-known for scenic beauty, and its waterfalls are a source of multiple URL Two prominent waterfalls are the Muthikulam waterfall and the Meenvallam URL From a sociological perspective, these hills are home to numerous elements of folklore dominated by several local divinities. Of these, the Kalladikodan Kari Neeli ("deep blue" Goddess) is a dominant figure in the Shakti school of Tantra and the mother of a host of chathans (minor divinities often portrayed as mischievous beings who could be controlled by adequately-trained human masters or shamans). The Kalladikodan hills have inspired numerous shaman-sorcerers and even a folk dance form called URL The lore of this ferocious goddess has also been captured in URL

Kalladikodan Hills are well-known for scenic beauty, and its waterfalls are a source of multiple rivers. Two prominent waterfalls are the Muthikulam waterfall and the Meenvallam waterfall. From a sociological perspective, these hills are home to numerous elements of folklore dominated by several local divinities. Of these, the Kalladikodan Kari Neeli ("deep blue" Goddess) is a dominant figure in the Shakti school of Tantra and the mother of a host of chathans (minor divinities often portrayed as mischievous beings who could be controlled by adequately-trained human masters or shamans). The Kalladikodan hills have inspired numerous shaman-sorcerers and even a folk dance form called Neeliyattam. The lore of this ferocious goddess has also been captured in drama.

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Water pollution Water pollution manifestations of an area source include: Surface runoff of fertilizer or pesticide from rainfall or irrigation water Widespread failure of septic fields Dispersal of an oil spill in a major water body

Water pollution Water pollution manifestations of an area source —often called nonpoint source pollution—include: Surface runoff of fertilizer or pesticide from rainfall or irrigation water Widespread failure of a septic drain field Dispersal of an oil spill in a water body.

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Batara Kresna Railbus () is a railbus service operated by PT Kereta Api Indonesia that operates on the Surakarta Purwosari-Wonogiri route and is a cooperation project between the Surakarta City Government and PT KAI, when Surakarta City was led by Joko Widodo.

Batara Kresna Railbus () is a railbus service in Central Java, Indonesia that operates on the (in Surakarta) – (in Wonogiri) route. It is operated by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) and is a cooperation project between the Surakarta city government and KAI, when Surakarta City was led by Joko Widodo. The railbus is the second of its kind in Indonesia after Kertalaya railbus in South Sumatra. The railbus took its name from a character in Mahabharata, Krishna or Kresna who is tasked with saving the world and upholding the truth after the war in Kurukshetra. History Batara Kresna railbus was introduced to the public on 26 July 2011 and inaugurated by Indonesian Minister of Transport Freddy Numberi in Surakarta along with the city's double-decker tourist bus service. The railbus began operation on 5 August 2012, initially with Sukoharjo – Purwosari – route. Gallery

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Results from other tours 2020–21 Asian Tour 2020–21 PGA Tour of Australasia 2021 PGA Tour Canada 2021 Challenge Tour 2020–21 Japan Golf Tour 2020–21 PGA Tour Latinoamérica 2020–21 Sunshine Tour 2020–21 Korn Ferry Tour

Results from other tours 2020–21 Asian Tour 2020–21 PGA Tour of Australasia 2021 –22 PGA Tour of Australasia Forme Tour 2021 Challenge Tour 2020–21 Japan Golf Tour 2020–21 PGA Tour Latinoamérica 2020–21 Sunshine Tour 2021–22 Sunshine Tour 2020–21 Korn Ferry Tour

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Celine Frere is a Swiss evolutionary biologist and Associate Professor at the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) in Queensland, Australia. In 2017, she was named one of Australia's first "Superstars of STEM" by Science & Technology Australia. She is known for establishing USC's Detection Dogs for Conservation initiative, training sniffer dogs to aid in research and conversation efforts around endangered and protected species. Early life and education Frere was born and raised outside of Geneva, Switzerland. After graduating high school in 1999, she moved to Australia to attend college . In 2002, she received her Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology from the University of Queensland, where she studied humpback dolphins for her undergraduate research. She then pursued her graduate education in evolutionary biology at the University of New South Wales, where she joined the Shark Bay Dolphin Project, working to understand how social and genetic factors affect dolphins' ability to survive and reproduce. She began her postdoctoral work in 2009 at the University of Queensland, transitioning from studying dolphins to studying koalas as they were undergoing a dramatic decline in their population. Her research focused on using koala poop to track and trace the animals, which became the basis for her subsequent research. Career Following her postdoctoral research, Frere became a research fellow at the University of the Sunshine Coast where she began her program of training dogs to follow the scent trail of koala poop to track where koalas were living and patters of habitation. She and her research group trained a detection dog called Maya to smell koala scat, demonstrating that this method was more efficient and accurate than other scat surveying methods. The method served as the basis for USC's Detection Dogs for Conservation, which she co-founded with colleague Romane Critescu. The program is dedicated to promoting the use of detection dogs in environmental conservation efforts. The program has since trained three dogs, including a dog called Bear, who found and rescued over 100 koalas affected by the 2020 Bushfires in Australia . Awards and honors Superstar of STEM, Science & Technology Australia, 2017 Young Tall Poppy Science Award, Australian Institute of Policy and Science, 2020

Celine Frere is a Swiss evolutionary biologist who is an Associate Professor at the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) in Queensland, Australia. In 2017, she was named one of Australia's first "Superstars of STEM" by Science & Technology Australia. She is known for establishing USC's Detection Dogs for Conservation initiative, training sniffer dogs to aid in research and conversation efforts around endangered and protected species. Early life and education Frere was born and raised outside of Geneva, Switzerland. After graduating high school in 1999, she moved to Australia to attend university . In 2002, she received a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology from the University of Queensland, where she studied humpback dolphins for her undergraduate research. She then pursued her graduate education in evolutionary biology at the University of New South Wales, where she joined the Shark Bay Dolphin Project, working to understand how social and genetic factors affect dolphins' ability to survive and reproduce. She began her postdoctoral work in 2009 at the University of Queensland, transitioning from studying dolphins to studying koalas as they were undergoing a dramatic decline in their population. Her research focused on using koala poop to track and trace the animals, which became the basis for her subsequent research. Career Frere became a research fellow at the University of the Sunshine Coast where she began her program of training dogs to follow the scent trail of koala poop to track where koalas were living and patters of habitation. She and her research group trained a detection dog called Maya to smell koala scat, demonstrating that this method was more efficient and accurate than other scat surveying methods. The method served as the basis for USC's Detection Dogs for Conservation, which she co-founded with colleague Romane Critescu. The program is dedicated to promoting the use of detection dogs in environmental conservation efforts. The program has since trained three dogs, including a dog called Bear, who found and rescued over 100 koalas affected by the 2020 bushfires . Awards and honours Superstar of STEM, Science & Technology Australia, 2017 Young Tall Poppy Science Award, Australian Institute of Policy and Science, 2020

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Demographic dividend, as defined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and URL In other words, it is “a boost in economic productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the workforce relative to the number of dependents.” UNFPA stated , “A country with both increasing numbers of young people and declining fertility has the potential to reap a demographic dividend. However, this drop in fertility rates is not immediate. The lag between produces a generational population bulge that surges through society. For a period of time this “bulge” is a burden on society and increases the dependency ratio. Eventually this group begins to enter the productive labor force. With fertility rates continuing to fall and older generations having longer life expectancies, the dependency ratio declines dramatically. This demographic shift initiates the demographic dividend. With fewer younger dependents, due to declining fertility and child mortality rates, and fewer older dependents, due to the older generations having shorter life expectancies, and the largest segment of the population of productive working age, the dependency ratio declines dramatically leading to the demographic dividend. Combined with effective public policies this time period of the demographic dividend can help facilitate more rapid economic growth and puts less strain on families. This is also a time period when many women enter the labor force for the first URL In many countries this time period has led to increasingly smaller families, rising income, and rising life expectancy rates. However, dramatic social changes can also occur during this time, such as increasing divorce rates, postponement of marriage, and single-person households. In near future India will be the largest individual contributor to the global demographic transition. A 2011 International Monetary Fund Working Paper found that substantial portion of the growth experienced by India since the 1980s is attributable to the country's age structure and changing demographics. By 2026 India's average age would be 29 which is least among the global average. The Demographic Dividend: Evidence From the Indian States, by Shekhar Aiyar and Ashoka Mody, URL The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that India will surpass China as the world's largest country by 2025, with a large proportion of those in the working age URL Over the next two decades the continuing demographic dividend in India could add about two percentage points per annum to India's per capita GDP growth. Extreme actions are needed to take care of future basic minimum living standards including food, water and energy.India’s population in 2050: extreme projections demand extreme actions, by Ranjit Goswami, URL As per Population Reference Bureau India's population in 2050 is predicted to be 1.692 billion people.Population Reference Bureau 2011 World Population Data Sheet, URL There is a strategic urgency to put in place policies which take advantage of the demographic dividend for most URL This urgency stems from the relatively small window of opportunity countries have to plan for the demographic dividend when many in their population are still young, prior to entering the work force. During this short opportunity, countries traditionally try to promote investments which will help these young people be more productive during their working years. Failure to provide opportunities to the growing young population will result in rising unemployment and an increased risk of social upheaval. The urgency to put in place appropriate policies is magnified by the reality that what follows the “demographic dividend” is a time when the dependency ratio begins to increase again. Inevitably the population bubble that made its way through the most productive working years creating the “demographic dividend” grows old and retires. With a disproportionate number of old people relying upon a smaller generation following behind them the “demographic dividend” becomes a liability. With each generation having fewer children, population growth slows, stops, or even goes into reverse. This trend may be deemed a demographic URL or demographic burden This is currently seen most dramatically in Japan, with younger generations essentially abandoning many parts of the country.”A Tale of Three Islands”, The Economist October 22, 2011, URL Other regions, notably Europe and North America, will face similar situations in the near future, with East Asia to follow after that. Category:Demographic economics Category:Demographics Category: Ageing zh:人口机会窗

Demographic dividend, as defined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)". In other words, it is “a boost in economic productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the workforce relative to the number of dependents.” UNFPA stated , “A country with both increasing numbers of young people and declining fertility has the potential to reap a demographic dividend. However, this drop in fertility rates is not immediate. The lag between produces a generational population bulge that surges through society. For a period of time this “bulge” is a burden on society and increases the dependency ratio. Eventually this group begins to enter the productive labor force. With fertility rates continuing to fall and older generations having longer life expectancies, the dependency ratio declines dramatically. This demographic shift initiates the demographic dividend. With fewer younger dependents, due to declining fertility and child mortality rates, and fewer older dependents, due to the older generations having shorter life expectancies, and the largest segment of the population of productive working age, the dependency ratio declines dramatically leading to the demographic dividend. Combined with effective public policies this time period of the demographic dividend can help facilitate more rapid economic growth and puts less strain on families. This is also a time period when many women enter the labor force for the first time. In many countries this time period has led to increasingly smaller families, rising income, and rising life expectancy rates. However, dramatic social changes can also occur during this time, such as increasing divorce rates, postponement of marriage, and single-person households. In near future India will be the largest individual contributor to the global demographic transition. A 2011 International Monetary Fund Working Paper found that substantial portion of the growth experienced by India since the 1980s is attributable to the country's age structure and changing demographics. By 2026 India's average age would be 29 which is least among the global average. The Demographic Dividend: Evidence From the Indian States, by Shekhar Aiyar and Ashoka Mody, URL The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that India will surpass China as the world's largest country by 2025, with a large proportion of those in the working age category. Over the next two decades the continuing demographic dividend in India could add about two percentage points per annum to India's per capita GDP growth. Extreme actions are needed to take care of future basic minimum living standards including food, water and energy.India’s population in 2050: extreme projections demand extreme actions, by Ranjit Goswami, URL As per Population Reference Bureau India's population in 2050 is predicted to be 1.692 billion people.Population Reference Bureau 2011 World Population Data Sheet, URL There is a strategic urgency to put in place policies which take advantage of the demographic dividend for most countries. This urgency stems from the relatively small window of opportunity countries have to plan for the demographic dividend when many in their population are still young, prior to entering the work force. During this short opportunity, countries traditionally try to promote investments which will help these young people be more productive during their working years. Failure to provide opportunities to the growing young population will result in rising unemployment and an increased risk of social upheaval. The urgency to put in place appropriate policies is magnified by the reality that what follows the “demographic dividend” is a time when the dependency ratio begins to increase again. Inevitably the population bubble that made its way through the most productive working years creating the “demographic dividend” grows old and retires. With a disproportionate number of old people relying upon a smaller generation following behind them the “demographic dividend” becomes a liability. With each generation having fewer children, population growth slows, stops, or even goes into reverse. This trend may be deemed a demographic tax or demographic burden This is currently seen most dramatically in Japan, with younger generations essentially abandoning many parts of the country.”A Tale of Three Islands”, The Economist October 22, 2011, URL Other regions, notably Europe and North America, will face similar situations in the near future, with East Asia to follow after that. Category:Demographic economics Category:Demographics Category:

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In the early Middle Ages, a xenodochium or xenodoch(e)ion (from Ancient Greek ξενοδοχεῖον, ksenodokheion ; place for strangers, inn, guesthouse) was either a hostel or hospital, usually specifically for foreigners or pilgrims, although the term could refer to charitable institutions in general. The xenodochium was a church institution that first appeared in the Byzantine world.Guenter B. Risse, Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals (Oxford University Press, 1999), 82. Xenodochia were more common than institutions of a more specific nature , such as the gerocomium ( a place for the old), nosocomium ( for the sick) and orphanotrophium (for orphans). A hospital for victims of plague was called a xenodochium pestiferorum (guesthouse of the plague-carriers).

In the early Middle Ages, a xenodochium or xenodoch(e)ion (from Ancient Greek , ; place for strangers, inn, guesthouse) was either a hostel or hospital, usually specifically for foreigners or pilgrims, although the term could refer to charitable institutions in general. The xenodochium was a church institution that first appeared in the Byzantine world.Guenter B. Risse, Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals (Oxford University Press, 1999), 82. The xenodochium was a more common institution than any of more specific natures , such as the gerocomium ( from , ; place for the old), nosocomium ( from , ; place for the sick) or orphanotrophium (for orphans). A hospital for victims of plague was called a (guesthouse of the plague-carriers).

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Lex Luthor first appeared in the 1978 movie Superman: The Movie as the primary antagonist . Luthor is a charismatic yet cutthroat businessman purely motivated by money, as well as the desire to swindle as tremendous a fortune as possible to prove his genius, and no concern for the consequences his schemes could produce or how they could affect others. Although he is bald, he wears a variety of wigs throughout the film to conceal it. Luthor's schemes are offset by a tendency to surround himself with unsatisfactory help; he is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis (Ned Beatty), as well as his conscience-stricken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine). Luthor plots to divert a nuclear missile into hitting the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, thereby turning its neighboring states into prime beachfront property. Lex Luthor's role in Superman II is relegated to a secondary antagonist, beginning with a jailbreak organized with the help of Miss Teschmacher while leaving Otis behind. After journeying to the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor learns of the existence of General Zod and the other Kryptonian criminals Ursa and Non. Hoping to rule his own continent once the evil Kryptonians take over Earth, Luthor allies himself with Zod. He asks Zod for control over real estate in Australia. However, when Superman confronts Zod and his cronies at the Fortress of Solitude at the film's climax, Luthor tricks Superman into revealing that there is a chamber in the Fortress which can nullify a Kryptonian's powers using synthetic red solar radiation- in essence turning a Kryptonian, such as Superman, Zod, and his followers Non and Ursa, into a vulnerable human. Fortunately, expecting Luthor's betrayal, Superman had already reversed the mechanism of the chamber, and when forced inside by Zod, the "red sun" beams are dispersed throughout the Fortress while Superman is safely shielded; Zod and his followers are defeated easily because of the loss of their powers. Luthor is sent back to prison. The final parts of Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut had Superman rotating the Earth backwards to prevent Luthor from escaping from prison while also making sure that General Zod, Ursa, and Non remain in the Phantom Zone. Lex Luthor reappears as the main villain in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny (portrayed by Jon Cryer) who uses his car to distract the guards when Luthor was working in the prison's rock pile. In the film, Luthor never takes off his wig. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts toward nuclear disarmament will do to their business. Lex uses his own DNA combined with a strand of Superman's hair that is stolen from a museum to create a hybrid clone that he dubs Nuclear Man (portrayed by Mark Pillow and voiced by Gene Hackman). The radioactive villain possesses abilities similar to Superman, but receives his power from direct sunlight, whereas Superman can still operate in darkness. Superman exploits this weakness eventually, destroying Nuclear Man. In the film, Lex Luthor once again returns as the main antagonist ( now portrayed by Kevin Spacey). Ignoring the events of Superman III and IV and (loosely) taking place years after Superman II, Luthor has been paroled from prison bent on revenge against Superman. Luthor funds his criminal operations by seducing a wealthy, elderly benefactor named Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill). Luthor's machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. This time, he is assisted by his sidekick wealthy heiress Kitty Kowalski (portrayed by Parker Posey). He spends most of the film bald, only wearing a wig in his opening scene.

Lex Luthor first appeared in the 1978 movie Superman: The Movie . Luthor is a charismatic yet cutthroat businessman purely motivated by money, as well as the desire to swindle as tremendous a fortune as possible to prove his genius, and no concern for the consequences his schemes could produce or how they could affect others. Although he is bald, he wears a variety of wigs throughout the film to conceal it. Luthor's schemes are offset by a tendency to surround himself with unsatisfactory help; he is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis (Ned Beatty), as well as his conscience-stricken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine). Luthor plots to divert a nuclear missile into hitting the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, thereby turning its neighboring states into prime beachfront property. Lex Luthor's role in Superman II begins with a jailbreak organized with the help of Miss Teschmacher while leaving Otis behind. After journeying to the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor learns of the existence of General Zod and the other Kryptonian criminals Ursa and Non. Hoping to rule his own continent once the evil Kryptonians take over Earth, Luthor allies himself with Zod. He asks Zod for control over real estate in Australia. However, when Superman confronts Zod and his cronies at the Fortress of Solitude at the film's climax, Luthor tricks Superman into revealing that there is a chamber in the Fortress which can nullify a Kryptonian's powers using synthetic red solar radiation- in essence turning a Kryptonian, such as Superman, Zod, and his followers Non and Ursa, into a vulnerable human. Fortunately, expecting Luthor's betrayal, Superman had already reversed the mechanism of the chamber, and when forced inside by Zod, the "red sun" beams are dispersed throughout the Fortress while Superman is safely shielded; Zod and his followers are defeated easily because of the loss of their powers. Luthor is sent back to prison. The final parts of Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut had Superman rotating the Earth backwards to prevent Luthor from escaping from prison while also making sure that General Zod, Ursa, and Non remain in the Phantom Zone. Lex Luthor reappears in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny (portrayed by Jon Cryer) who uses his car to distract the guards when Luthor was working in the prison's rock pile. In the film, Luthor never takes off his wig. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts toward nuclear disarmament will do to their business. Lex uses his own DNA combined with a strand of Superman's hair that is stolen from a museum to create a hybrid clone that he dubs Nuclear Man (portrayed by Mark Pillow and voiced by Gene Hackman). The radioactive villain possesses abilities similar to Superman, but receives his power from direct sunlight, whereas Superman can still operate in darkness. Superman exploits this weakness eventually, destroying Nuclear Man. In the film, Lex Luthor is now portrayed by Kevin Spacey). Ignoring the events of Superman III and IV and (loosely) taking place years after Superman II, Luthor has been paroled from prison bent on revenge against Superman. Luthor funds his criminal operations by seducing a wealthy, elderly benefactor named Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill). Luthor's machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. This time, he is assisted by his sidekick wealthy heiress Kitty Kowalski (portrayed by Parker Posey). He spends most of the film bald, only wearing a wig in his opening scene.

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Lex Luthor first appeared in the 1978 movie Superman: The Movie. Luthor is a charismatic yet cutthroat businessman purely motivated by money, as well as the desire to swindle as tremendous a fortune as possible to prove his genius, and no concern for the consequences his schemes could produce or how they could affect others. Although he is bald, he wears a variety of wigs throughout the film to conceal it. Luthor's schemes are offset by a tendency to surround himself with unsatisfactory help; he is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis (Ned Beatty), as well as his conscience-stricken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine). Luthor plots to divert a nuclear missile into hitting the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, thereby turning its neighboring states into prime beachfront property. Lex Luthor's role in Superman II is relegated to a supporting one . Luthor escapes prison thanks to a jailbreak organized with the help of Miss Teschmacher while leaving Otis behind. After journeying to the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor learns of the existence of General Zod and the other Kryptonian criminals Ursa and Non. Hoping to rule his own continent once the evil Kryptonians take over Earth, Luthor allies himself with Zod. He asks Zod for control over real estate in Australia. However, when Superman confronts Zod and his cronies at the Fortress of Solitude at the film's climax, Luthor tricks Superman into revealing that there is a chamber in the Fortress which can nullify a Kryptonian's powers using synthetic red solar radiation- in essence turning a Kryptonian, such as Superman, Zod, and his followers Non and Ursa, into a vulnerable human. Fortunately, expecting Luthor's betrayal, Superman had already reversed the mechanism of the chamber, and when forced inside by Zod, the "red sun" beams are dispersed throughout the Fortress while Superman is safely shielded; Zod and his followers are defeated easily because of the loss of their powers. Luthor is sent back to prison. The final parts of Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut had Superman rotating the Earth backwards to prevent Luthor from escaping from prison while also making sure that General Zod, Ursa, and Non remain in the Phantom Zone. Lex Luthor reappears in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny (portrayed by Jon Cryer) who uses his car to distract the guards when Luthor was working in the prison's rock pile. In the film, Luthor never takes off his wig. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts toward nuclear disarmament will do to their business. Lex uses his own DNA combined with a strand of Superman's hair that is stolen from a museum to create a hybrid clone that he dubs Nuclear Man (portrayed by Mark Pillow and voiced by Gene Hackman). The radioactive villain possesses abilities similar to Superman, but receives his power from direct sunlight, whereas Superman can still operate in darkness. Superman exploits this weakness eventually, destroying Nuclear Man. In Superman Returns, ignoring the events of Superman III and IV and (loosely) taking place years after Superman II, Luthor has been paroled from prison bent on revenge against Superman. Luthor funds his criminal operations by seducing a wealthy, elderly benefactor named Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill). Luthor's machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. This time, he is assisted by his sidekick wealthy heiress Kitty Kowalski (portrayed by Parker Posey). He spends most of the film bald, only wearing a wig in his opening scene.

Lex Luthor first appeared as the primary antagonist in the 1978 movie Superman: The Movie. Luthor is a charismatic yet cutthroat businessman purely motivated by money, as well as the desire to swindle as tremendous a fortune as possible to prove his genius, and no concern for the consequences his schemes could produce or how they could affect others. Although he is bald, he wears a variety of wigs throughout the film to conceal it. Luthor's schemes are offset by a tendency to surround himself with unsatisfactory help; he is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis (Ned Beatty), as well as his conscience-stricken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine). Luthor plots to divert a nuclear missile into hitting the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, thereby turning its neighboring states into prime beachfront property. Lex Luthor's role in Superman II is relegated to a secondary antagonist . Luthor escapes prison thanks to a jailbreak organized with the help of Miss Teschmacher while leaving Otis behind. After journeying to the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor learns of the existence of General Zod and the other Kryptonian criminals Ursa and Non. Hoping to rule his own continent once the evil Kryptonians take over Earth, Luthor allies himself with Zod. He asks Zod for control over real estate in Australia. However, when Superman confronts Zod and his cronies at the Fortress of Solitude at the film's climax, Luthor tricks Superman into revealing that there is a chamber in the Fortress which can nullify a Kryptonian's powers using synthetic red solar radiation- in essence turning a Kryptonian, such as Superman, Zod, and his followers Non and Ursa, into a vulnerable human. Fortunately, expecting Luthor's betrayal, Superman had already reversed the mechanism of the chamber, and when forced inside by Zod, the "red sun" beams are dispersed throughout the Fortress while Superman is safely shielded; Zod and his followers are defeated easily because of the loss of their powers. Luthor is sent back to prison. The final parts of Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut had Superman rotating the Earth backwards to prevent Luthor from escaping from prison while also making sure that General Zod, Ursa, and Non remain in the Phantom Zone. Lex Luthor reappears as one of the three villains in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny (portrayed by Jon Cryer) who uses his car to distract the guards when Luthor was working in the prison's rock pile. In the film, Luthor never takes off his wig. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts toward nuclear disarmament will do to their business. Lex uses his own DNA combined with a strand of Superman's hair that is stolen from a museum to create a hybrid clone that he dubs Nuclear Man (portrayed by Mark Pillow and voiced by Gene Hackman). The radioactive villain possesses abilities similar to Superman, but receives his power from direct sunlight, whereas Superman can still operate in darkness. Superman exploits this weakness eventually, destroying Nuclear Man. In Superman Returns, Lex Luthor returns once again as the main antagonist (now portrayed by Kevin Spacey). Ignoring the events of Superman III and IV and (loosely) taking place years after Superman II, Returns sees Luthor on parole from prison hellbent on revenge against Superman. Luthor funds his criminal operations by seducing a wealthy, elderly benefactor named Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill). Luthor's machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. This time, he is assisted by his sidekick wealthy heiress Kitty Kowalski (portrayed by Parker Posey). He spends most of the film bald, only wearing a wig in his opening scene.

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Lex Luthor first appeared as the primary antagonist in the 1978 movie Superman: The Movie. Luthor is a charismatic yet cutthroat businessman purely motivated by money, as well as the desire to swindle as tremendous a fortune as possible to prove his genius, and no concern for the consequences his schemes could produce or how they could affect others. Although he is bald, he wears a variety of wigs throughout the film to conceal it. Luthor's schemes are offset by a tendency to surround himself with unsatisfactory help; he is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis (Ned Beatty), as well as his conscience-stricken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine). Luthor plots to divert a nuclear missile into hitting the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, thereby turning its neighboring states into prime beachfront property. Lex Luthor's role in Superman II is relegated to a secondary antagonist . Luthor escapes prison thanks to a jailbreak organized with the help of Miss Teschmacher while leaving Otis behind. After journeying to the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor learns of the existence of General Zod and the other Kryptonian criminals Ursa and Non. Hoping to rule his own continent once the evil Kryptonians take over Earth, Luthor allies himself with Zod. He asks Zod for control over real estate in Australia. However, when Superman confronts Zod and his cronies at the Fortress of Solitude at the film's climax, Luthor tricks Superman into revealing that there is a chamber in the Fortress which can nullify a Kryptonian's powers using synthetic red solar radiation- in essence turning a Kryptonian, such as Superman, Zod, and his followers Non and Ursa, into a vulnerable human. Fortunately, expecting Luthor's betrayal, Superman had already reversed the mechanism of the chamber, and when forced inside by Zod, the "red sun" beams are dispersed throughout the Fortress while Superman is safely shielded; Zod and his followers are defeated easily because of the loss of their powers. Luthor is sent back to prison. The final parts of Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut had Superman rotating the Earth backwards to prevent Luthor from escaping from prison while also making sure that General Zod, Ursa, and Non remain in the Phantom Zone. Lex Luthor reappears as one of the three villains in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny (portrayed by Jon Cryer) who uses his car to distract the guards when Luthor was working in the prison's rock pile. In the film, Luthor never takes off his wig. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts toward nuclear disarmament will do to their business. Lex uses his own DNA combined with a strand of Superman's hair that is stolen from a museum to create a hybrid clone that he dubs Nuclear Man (portrayed by Mark Pillow and voiced by Gene Hackman). The radioactive villain possesses abilities similar to Superman, but receives his power from direct sunlight, whereas Superman can still operate in darkness. Superman exploits this weakness eventually, destroying Nuclear Man. In Superman Returns, Lex Luthor returns once again as the main antagonist (now portrayed by Kevin Spacey). Ignoring the events of Superman III and IV and (loosely) taking place years after Superman II, Returns sees Luthor on parole from prison hellbent on revenge against Superman. Luthor funds his criminal operations by seducing a wealthy, elderly benefactor named Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill). Luthor's machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. This time, he is assisted by his sidekick wealthy heiress Kitty Kowalski (portrayed by Parker Posey). He spends most of the film bald, only wearing a wig in his opening scene.

Lex Luthor first appeared in the 1978 movie Superman: The Movie. Luthor is a charismatic yet cutthroat businessman purely motivated by money, as well as the desire to swindle as tremendous a fortune as possible to prove his genius, and no concern for the consequences his schemes could produce or how they could affect others. Although he is bald, he wears a variety of wigs throughout the film to conceal it. Luthor's schemes are offset by a tendency to surround himself with unsatisfactory help; he is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis (Ned Beatty), as well as his conscience-stricken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher (Valerie Perrine). Luthor plots to divert a nuclear missile into hitting the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, thereby turning its neighboring states into prime beachfront property. Lex Luthor's role in Superman II is relegated to a supporting one . Luthor escapes prison thanks to a jailbreak organized with the help of Miss Teschmacher while leaving Otis behind. After journeying to the Fortress of Solitude, Luthor learns of the existence of General Zod and the other Kryptonian criminals Ursa and Non. Hoping to rule his own continent once the evil Kryptonians take over Earth, Luthor allies himself with Zod. He asks Zod for control over real estate in Australia. However, when Superman confronts Zod and his cronies at the Fortress of Solitude at the film's climax, Luthor tricks Superman into revealing that there is a chamber in the Fortress which can nullify a Kryptonian's powers using synthetic red solar radiation- in essence turning a Kryptonian, such as Superman, Zod, and his followers Non and Ursa, into a vulnerable human. Fortunately, expecting Luthor's betrayal, Superman had already reversed the mechanism of the chamber, and when forced inside by Zod, the "red sun" beams are dispersed throughout the Fortress while Superman is safely shielded; Zod and his followers are defeated easily because of the loss of their powers. Luthor is sent back to prison. The final parts of Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut had Superman rotating the Earth backwards to prevent Luthor from escaping from prison while also making sure that General Zod, Ursa, and Non remain in the Phantom Zone. Lex Luthor reappears in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny (portrayed by Jon Cryer) who uses his car to distract the guards when Luthor was working in the prison's rock pile. In the film, Luthor never takes off his wig. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts toward nuclear disarmament will do to their business. Lex uses his own DNA combined with a strand of Superman's hair that is stolen from a museum to create a hybrid clone that he dubs Nuclear Man (portrayed by Mark Pillow and voiced by Gene Hackman). The radioactive villain possesses abilities similar to Superman, but receives his power from direct sunlight, whereas Superman can still operate in darkness. Superman exploits this weakness eventually, destroying Nuclear Man. In Superman Returns, ignoring the events of Superman III and IV and (loosely) taking place years after Superman II, Luthor has been paroled from prison bent on revenge against Superman. Luthor funds his criminal operations by seducing a wealthy, elderly benefactor named Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill). Luthor's machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. This time, he is assisted by his sidekick wealthy heiress Kitty Kowalski (portrayed by Parker Posey). He spends most of the film bald, only wearing a wig in his opening scene.

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Chafing when used as a nautical term describes the process of wear on a line or sail caused by constant rubbing against a hard, usually metallic, surface. Various methods are used to prevent chafing. Chafing of lines that rest on a choke on a boat can be prevented by putting a protecting material (sometimes as simple as a piece of old garden hose) around the line. Chafing of a sail rubbing against a cable can be prevented on large ships by tying around the cable. Category:Nautical term

In sailing, chafing is the process of wear on a line or sail caused by constant rubbing against a hard, usually metallic, surface. Various methods are used to prevent chafing. Chafing of lines that rest on a choke on a boat can be prevented by putting a protecting material (sometimes as simple as a piece of old garden hose) around the line. Chafing of a sail rubbing against a cable can be prevented on large ships by tying around the cable. See also Baggywrinkle References Category:

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See also Disjunction Modal logic Deontic logic Sluicing Hans Kamp

See also Deontic logic Disjunction Hans Kamp Modal logic Simplification of disjunctive antecedents Sluicing

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The medal was designed and produced by sculptor William Bloye of the Birmingham School of Art and presented to the BAUS in 1948 by Bernard Joseph Ward, the BAUS's first vice-president. The first medal was awarded in 1949 to J. B. Macalpine who was the first to report bladder cancers associated with the dye industry. St Peter on the medal is distinguished from other Saints by a key engraved on the bible that he holds. On the reverse appears a laurel wreath within which the recipient's name is engraved, and around the circumference appear the names of Edwin Hurry Fenwick, Peter Freyer and John Thomson-Walker. The die for the medal was presented to the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) in 1948 by Bernard Joseph Ward, the BAUS's first vice-president and urologist at Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The first medal was awarded in 1949 to J. B. Macalpine who first reported bladder cancers associated with the dye industry. It has subsequently been awarded annually by the BAUS, usually to one recipient, apart from 1951, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2014, in each of which years there were two recipients. The medal is engraved with the names of the three teachers who influenced Bernard Ward: Edwin Hurry Fenwick, Peter Freyer and John Thomson-Walker. On presenting the medal in 1948, Ward stated in his speech that "although they were individually attached to other hospitals, they all came together in one hospital, St. Peter’s; and the suggestion therefore was that in order to honour all three of them, we should call it the St. Peter's Medal. The hospital, the first urological hospital in Britain, was named after Saint Peter, Latin petrus for rock, who was said by Christ to be the foundation upon which the Christian church was to be constructed. St Peter on the medal is distinguished from other Saints by a key engraved on the bible that he holds. On the reverse appears a laurel wreath, within which the recipient's name is engraved, and around the wreath appear the names of Fenwick, Freyer and Thomson-Walker. Recipients A year after the first award, Ronald Ogier Ward , and Terence J. Millin both won the medal in the same year . In 1959 the medal was awarded to Harold H. Hopkins, a physicist, and in 2006 by Alison Brading, a physiologist. Other recipients have included Sir Michael Woodruff, Richard Turner-Warwick, John Wickham, Geoffrey Chisholm, John M. Fitzpatrick, Roger Kirby and Prokar Dasgupta.

The medal was designed and produced by sculptor William Bloye of the Birmingham School of Art and presented to the BAUS in 1948 by Bernard Joseph Ward, the BAUS's first vice-president. The first medal was awarded in 1949 to J. B. Macalpine who was the first to report bladder cancers associated with the dye industry. St Peter on the medal is identified by a key engraved on the bible that he holds. On the reverse is a laurel wreath within which the recipient's name is engraved, and around the circumference are the names of Edwin Hurry Fenwick, Peter Freyer and John Thomson-Walker. The stamping die for the medal was presented to the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) in 1948 by Bernard Joseph Ward, the BAUS's first vice-president and urologist at Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The first medal was awarded in 1949 to J. B. Macalpine who first reported bladder cancers associated with the dye industry. It has subsequently been awarded annually by the BAUS, usually to one recipient, apart from 1951, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2014, when there were two recipients. The medal is engraved with the names of the three teachers who influenced Bernard Ward: Edwin Hurry Fenwick, Peter Freyer and John Thomson-Walker. On presenting the medal in 1948, Ward stated in his speech that "although they were individually attached to other hospitals, they all came together in one hospital, St. Peter’s; and the suggestion therefore was that in order to honour all three of them, we should call it the St. Peter's Medal. The hospital, the first urological hospital in Britain, was named after Saint Peter, whose name derives from the Latin for rock, petrus, and who was said by Christ to be the foundation upon which the Christian church was to be constructed. St Peter on the medal is identified by the iconography of a key engraved on the bible that he holds. On the reverse of the medal is a laurel wreath, within which the recipient's name is engraved, and around the wreath are the names of Fenwick, Freyer and Thomson-Walker. Recipients In 1951, the medal was presented for the second time, and for the first time to two recipients, when Ronald Ogier Ward and Terence J. Millin were given the award . In 1959 the medal was awarded to Harold H. Hopkins, a physicist, and in 2006 to Alison Brading, a physiologist. Other recipients have included Sir Michael Woodruff, Richard Turner-Warwick, John Wickham, Geoffrey Chisholm, John M. Fitzpatrick, Roger Kirby and Prokar Dasgupta.

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The Brooks Beast Track Club is a group of professional middle- and long-distance runners sponsored by Brooks Running. The group includes runners specializing in distances from the 800 meters to the 5000 meters. The group trains primarily in Seattle, WA under coach Danny Mackey. Beast athletes include National, Worlds and Olympic qualifiers and multiple NCAA champions and record-holders in both Division 1 and Division 2.

The Brooks Beast Track Club is a group of professional middle- and long-distance runners sponsored by Brooks Running. The group includes runners specializing in distances from the 800 meters to the 5000 meters. The group trains primarily in Seattle, WA under coach Danny Mackey. URL Beast athletes include National, Worlds and Olympic qualifiers and multiple NCAA All-Americans, NCAA champions, and record-holders in both Division 1 and Division 2. It has featured numerous U.S. Top 5s and World Top 25 runners. URL URL

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The Brooks Beast Track Club is a group of professional middle- and long-distance runners sponsored by Brooks Running. The group includes runners specializing in distances from the 800 meters to the 5000 meters. The group trains primarily in Seattle, WA under coach Danny Mackey. URL Brooks Beast' s roster currently features Nia Akins, Brannon Kidder, Allie Buchalski, David Ribich, Allie Ostrander, Drew Windle, Karisa Nelson, Garrett Heath, Marta Pen Freitas Pires, Henry Wynne, Izaic Yorks, Josh Kerr, Ryan Vail, and Spencer Brown. In addition to the core Beast athletes, Brooks also sponsors a group of at-large athletes that train under Mackey with the main Beast athletes. Brooks Beast was formed in 2013 when Brooks took up the task of launching a professional track team with the goal of helping athletes win medals at National, World, and Olympic championships. Beast athletes include National, Worlds and Olympic qualifiers and multiple NCAA All-Americans, NCAA champions, and record-holders in both Division 1 and Division 2. It has featured numerous U.S. Top 5s and World Top 25 runners. URL URL

The Brooks Beasts Track Club is a group of professional middle- and long-distance runners sponsored by Brooks Running. The group includes runners specializing in distances from the 800 meters to the 5000 meters. The group trains primarily in Seattle, WA under coach Danny Mackey. URL Brooks Beasts' roster currently features Nia Akins, Brannon Kidder, Allie Buchalski, David Ribich, Allie Ostrander, Drew Windle, Karisa Nelson, Garrett Heath, Marta Pen Freitas Pires, Henry Wynne, Izaic Yorks, Josh Kerr, Ryan Vail, and Spencer Brown. In addition to the core Beasts athletes, Brooks also sponsors a group of at-large athletes that train under Mackey with the main Beasts athletes. Brooks Beasts was formed in 2013 when Brooks took up the task of launching a professional track team with the goal of helping athletes win medals at National, World, and Olympic championships. Beasts athletes include National, Worlds and Olympic qualifiers and multiple NCAA All-Americans, NCAA champions, and record-holders in both Division 1 and Division 2. It has featured numerous U.S. Top 5s and World Top 25 runners. URL URL

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Maming Sheng (馬鳴生, "Master Horse-neigh" ) was a legendary Daoist xian ("transcendent; immortal" ) said to have lived during the Han dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE ). He was a disciple of the transcendent and fangshi ("master of methods") Anqi Sheng, who transmitted a secret waidan external alchemical scripture to him. Maming refined this elixir of immortality, but rather than take a full dose and immediately ascend to heaven, he only took half and lived for over 500 years as a secret dìxiān (地仙, "earthbound transcendent"). Master Horse-neigh was a key figure in the Daoist Taiqing (太清, Grand Purity) alchemical tradition. Furthermore, in Chinese Buddhism, Maming (馬鳴, "Horse-neigh") translates the name of the 2nd-century CE Indian Buddhist monk and polymath Aśvaghoṣa (from Sanskrit áśva अश्व, "horse" and ghoṣa घोष, "cry; sound"), so-called because when teaching the Dharma his words were intelligible even to animals.

Maming Sheng (馬鳴生, "Master Horse-neigh" , fl. c. 100 CE ) was a legendary Han dynasty Daoist alchemist and xian ("transcendent; immortal" ). He was a disciple of the transcendent and fangshi ("master of methods") Anqi Sheng, who transmitted a secret waidan external alchemical scripture to him. Maming refined this elixir of immortality, but rather than take a full dose and immediately ascend to heaven, he only took half and lived for over 500 years as a secret dìxiān (地仙, "earthbound transcendent"). Master Horse-neigh was a key figure in the Daoist Taiqing (太清, Grand Purity) alchemical tradition. Furthermore, in Chinese Buddhism, Maming (馬鳴, "Horse-neigh") translates the name of the 2nd-century CE Indian Buddhist monk and polymath Aśvaghoṣa (from Sanskrit áśva अश्व, "horse" and ghoṣa घोष, "cry; sound"), so-called because when teaching the Dharma his words were intelligible even to animals.

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Category: Chinese mythology Category: Life extension Category:Mythological powers Category:Taoist philosophy Category:Taoist immortal

Category: Life extension Category:Mythological powers Category:Taoist philosophy Category:Taoist immortal

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: Category: Copper :Category: Geochemistry : Category:Biogeochemistry : Category:Biogeochemical cycle : Category:Geochemical processes : Category:Geolo

Category:Geochemistry Category:Biogeochemical cycle Category:Copper Category: Geochemistry Category:Biogeochemistry Category:Biogeochemical cycle Category:Geochemical processes Category:Geology Category:Geolo

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700x700px |Boron cycles through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. The major flux between reservoirs are depicted with arrows, where the size/width of the arrow corresponds to the magnitude of the flux. All flux values are given in Tg B/yr (= 1012 gB/yr). Red arrows indicate anthropogenic emissions, while the black arrows indicate natural emissions. The dominant fluxes of B occur from anthropogenic and marine sources, where the total anthropogenic flux (2.3 Tg B/yr) is more than half of the total B input to the ocean (4.2 Tg B/yr).. The boron cycle has been significantly impacted by human activity. Major anthropogenic fluxes are coal mining and combustion, oil production, emissions from industrial factories, biofuels, landfills, and mining and processing of boron ores.. Anthropogenic boron fluxes to the hydrosphere and atmosphere have increased and anthropogenic fluxes now exceed the natural boron fluxes

400x400px |Boron cycles through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. The major flux between reservoirs are depicted with arrows, where the size/width of the arrow corresponds to the magnitude of the flux. All flux values are given in Tg B/yr (= 1012 gB/yr). Red arrows indicate anthropogenic emissions, while the black arrows indicate natural emissions. The boron cycle has been significantly impacted by human activity. Major anthropogenic fluxes are coal mining and combustion, oil production, emissions from industrial factories, biofuels, landfills, and mining and processing of boron ores.. Anthropogenic boron fluxes to the hydrosphere and atmosphere have increased and anthropogenic fluxes now exceed the natural boron fluxes Notes

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The boron cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of boron through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere Boron in the atmosphere is derived from soil dusts, volcanic emissions, forest fires, evaporation of boric acid from seawater, biomass emissions, and sea spray. . Sea salt aerosols are the largest flux to the atmosphere. On land, boron cycles through the biosphere by rock weathering, and wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere The marine biosphere circulates a large reservoir of boron. Dissolved boron is delivered to the ocean by river transport, wet deposition, submarine groundwater discharge, and hydrothermal vents.. Boron is lost from the oceans in emissions from the ocean surface, deposition of organic materials and sediments (mostly carbonates), and the subduction of ocean sediment The boron cycle has been significantly impacted by human activity. Major anthropogenic fluxes are coal mining and combustion, oil production, emissions from industrial factories, biofuels, landfills, and mining and processing of boron ores. . Anthropogenic boron fluxes to the hydrosphere and atmosphere have increased and anthropogenic fluxes now exceed the natural boron fluxes

The boron cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of boron through the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere . Boron in the atmosphere is derived from soil dusts, volcanic emissions, forest fires, evaporation of boric acid from seawater, biomass emissions, and sea spray. Sea salt aerosols are the largest flux to the atmosphere. On land, boron cycles through the biosphere by rock weathering, and wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere . The marine biosphere circulates a large reservoir of boron. Dissolved boron is delivered to the ocean by river transport, wet deposition, submarine groundwater discharge, and hydrothermal vents.. Boron is lost from the oceans in emissions from the ocean surface, deposition of organic materials and sediments (mostly carbonates), and the subduction of ocean sediment . The boron cycle has been significantly impacted by human activity. Major anthropogenic fluxes are coal mining and combustion, oil production, emissions from industrial factories, biofuels, landfills, and mining and processing of boron ores. Anthropogenic boron fluxes to the hydrosphere and atmosphere have increased and anthropogenic fluxes now exceed the natural boron fluxes .

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Gold is a noble transition metal that is highly mobile in the environment and subject to biogeochemical cycling driven largely by microorganisms. Gold undergoes processes of solubilization, stabilization, bioreduction, biomineralization, aggregation, and ligand utilization throughout its cycle. These processes are influenced by various microbial populations and cycling of other elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Gold exists in several forms in the Earth's surface environment including Au(I/III)-complexes, nanoparticles, and placer gold particles (nuggets and grains). The gold biogeochemical cycle is highly complex and strongly intertwined with cycling of other metals including silver, copper, iron, manganese, arsenic, and mercury. Gold is important in the biotech field for applications such as mineral exploration, processing and remediation, development of biosensors and drug delivery systems, industrial catalysts, and for recovery of gold from electronic waste . Ancient Earth Throughout Earth's history, the interplay of gold, microorganisms, and physicochemical conditions such as pH and redox potential have led to the aggregation of gold particles to form grains and nuggets. Cyanobacteria in shallow surface waters on early anoxic Earth accumulated gold complexes dissolved in the water and geochemical modeling indicates that gold solubility in ancient waterbodies was much higher than today. Experimental evidence suggests that on early Earth, Fe(III)-reducing extremophiles and sulfate-reducing bacteria may have been contributed to formation of gold-bearing deposits. 330x330px |Biogeochemical cycle of gold showing major reservoirs and fluxes of gold in the environment. The fluxes shown with blue and brown arrows representing fluxes that build reservoirs in the hydrosphere and lithosphere, respectively. All units shown are in Mg for reservoirs and Mg/yr for fluxes. Influences and interactions of other biogeochemical cycles The biogeochemical cycle of gold is affected by the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycles. Decomposition of organic carbon under anoxic conditions creates a wide range of organic intermediates, e.g., organic acids, that are important determinants of gold mobility. Key microbial processes in the nitrogen cycle can be influenced by gold and vice versa; for example autotrophic denitrifying bacteria can destabilize Au-complexes and may play a role in gold cycling. Overall, it is likely that gold mobility, biomineralization, and ore forming processes are impacted by the reactive nitrogen-containing compounds. Gold is commonly incorporated in iron-sulfides and adsorbed by Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precipitates; oxidation of gold-bearing pyrite can lead to the mobilization of soluble gold complexes .

The gold cycle is the biogeochemical cycling of gold through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Gold is a noble transition metal that is highly mobile in the environment and subject to biogeochemical cycling , driven largely by microorganisms. Gold undergoes processes of solubilization, stabilization, bioreduction, biomineralization, aggregation, and ligand utilization throughout its cycle. These processes are influenced by various microbial populations and cycling of other elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Gold exists in several forms in the Earth's surface environment including Au(I/III)-complexes, nanoparticles, and placer gold particles (nuggets and grains). The gold biogeochemical cycle is highly complex and strongly intertwined with cycling of other metals including silver, copper, iron, manganese, arsenic, and mercury. Gold is important in the biotech field for applications such as mineral exploration, processing and remediation, development of biosensors and drug delivery systems, industrial catalysts, and for recovery of gold from electronic waste .400x400px |Biogeochemical cycle of gold showing major reservoirs and fluxes of gold in the environment. The fluxes shown with blue and brown arrows representing fluxes that build reservoirs in the hydrosphere and lithosphere, respectively. All units shown are in Mg for reservoirs and Mg/yr for fluxes. Influences and interactions of other biogeochemical cycles The biogeochemical cycle of gold is affected by the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycles. Decomposition of organic carbon under anoxic conditions creates a wide range of organic intermediates, e.g., organic acids, that are important determinants of gold mobility. Key microbial processes in the nitrogen cycle can be influenced by gold and vice versa; for example autotrophic denitrifying bacteria can destabilize Au-complexes and may play a role in gold cycling. Overall, it is likely that gold mobility, biomineralization, and ore forming processes are impacted by the reactive nitrogen-containing compounds. Gold is commonly incorporated in iron-sulfides and adsorbed by Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precipitates; oxidation of gold-bearing pyrite can lead to the mobilization of soluble gold complexes . Ancient Earth Throughout Earth's history, the interplay of gold, microorganisms, and physicochemical conditions such as pH and redox potential have led to the aggregation of gold particles to form grains and nuggets. Cyanobacteria in shallow surface waters on early anoxic Earth accumulated gold complexes dissolved in the water and geochemical modeling indicates that gold solubility in ancient waterbodies was much higher than today. Experimental evidence suggests that on early Earth, Fe(III)-reducing extremophiles and sulfate-reducing bacteria may have been contributed to formation of gold-bearing deposits .

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John Kerry U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate|248x248px Upon his first hours in office on January 20, 2021, President Biden signed an executive order that rejoined the United States to the Paris Climate Agreement . It was welcomed by environmental groups and by the Union of Concerned Scientists. The General Secretary of the United Nations congratulated Biden, mentioning that with the United States rejoining the agreement, countries responsible for two-thirds of the global GHG emission will make pledges of becoming carbon neutraland without the United States, it is only a half. President of France Emmanuel Macron congratulated Biden saying 'Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!' John Kerry the Climate Envoy said that the climate pledge of China to zero emissions by 2060 is "not good enough" . The Biden administration is urging China to improve it .

John Kerry U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate|248x248px Upon his first hours in office on January 20, 2021, President Biden signed an executive order bringing the United States back into the Paris Climate Agreement , after President Trump announced the country's withdrawal in 2017. The move was welcomed by environmental groups and by the Union of Concerned Scientists. The General Secretary of the United Nations , António Guterres, congratulated Biden, stating that with the United States rejoining the agreement, the countries responsible for two-thirds of the global greenhouse gas emission will have made pledges to become carbon neutral. Without the United States, it was only half. President of France Emmanuel Macron congratulated Biden saying , 'Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!' The Biden administration is urging China to speed up its commitment to becoming carbon neutral, with John Kerry, the Climate Envoy , saying that its pledge to reach net-zero emissions by 2060 is "not good enough" .

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Climate team The following officials comprise Joe Biden's climate team: The Biden administration is urging China to speed up its commitment to becoming carbon neutral, with John Kerry, the Climate Envoy, saying that its pledge to reach net-zero emissions by 2060 is "not good enough". In 2020 a report was issued saying that US can reduce emissions by 49\% from the level of 2005 by 2030 if the federal government will actively participate. It has not been proven yet whether Biden's policies are enough to reach these goals.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% One week after Biden became president, he had begun the process of creating a special plan for financially helping low-income countries on climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation. In February 2021 The United States officially rejoined the Paris Agreement. John Kerry spoke about it, mentioning the urgent need to act on climate in the next 10 years, the impact that climate change can make in the future, and the impacts that it already makes like the latest extreme cold events in the USA that in his opinion : "related to climate because the polar vortex penetrates further south because of the weakening of the jet stream related to warming." This opinion is shared by many climate scientists .

In 2020 a paper published in Nature Communications found that US can reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 49\% on 2005 levels by 2030 if the federal government actively participates. As of July 2021, it has not yet been proven whether Biden's policies are enough to reach these goals. Climate team The following officials comprise Joe Biden's climate team: %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% In February 2021 , The United States officially rejoined the Paris Agreement. Speaking about the occasion, John Kerry mentioned the urgent need to act on climate change in the next 10 years, the impact that climate change will have on the future, and the impacts that it is already having, such asthe latest extreme cold events in the USA that in his opinion is "related to climate because the polar vortex penetrates further south because of the weakening of the jet stream related to warming." This opinion is shared by many climate scientists . One week after Biden became president, he also began the process of creating a special plan for providing financial help for low-income countries in addressing issues related to climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation. The Biden administration is urging China to speed up its commitment to becoming carbon neutral, with John Kerry saying that its pledge to reach net-zero emissions by 2060 is "not good enough" .

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~500–1000: The Radhanites were medieval Jewish merchants who dominated trade between the Christian and Islamic worlds during the early Middle Ages and travelled as far as Tang-dynasty China. ~550: Byzantine traveler and author Cosmas Indicopleustes completes his work Christian Topography describing geographical features gleaned from his own travels to Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, and Sri Lanka. ~552: Two Persian monks (or perhaps emissaries disguised as monks), at the behest of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) emperor Justinian I, travel to China and smuggle silkworms back to the Eastern Roman Empire, thus enabling silk production in Europe and Asia Minor. 568: The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) general Zemarchus travels to Samarkand and the court of the Western Turkic Kaganate. 639–640: The Muslims subjugate Egypt, thus severing most direct Eastern-Roman (and hence European) trade with India and eastern Asia. 1160–1173: The Navarrese Jewish Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela visits Syria, Palestine, Baghdad, Persia, and the Arabian Peninsula. 1180–1186: Pethahiah of Regensburg goes to Baghdad. 13th century: Silk Road trade reaches its height during the height of the Pax Mongolica, the relative peace in Asia during the widespread unification under the Mongol Empire. 1245–1247: The Italian Franciscan Giovanni da Pian del Carpine appointed Papal Legate and accompanied by Stephen of Bohemia, and later by Benedykt Polak, reaches Karakorum in present-day Mongolia. First European embassy to the Great Khan. 1245–1248: The Italian Ascelin of Lombardia, Simon of St Quentin and Andrew of Longjumeau go to Armenia and Persia. 1249–1251: Andrew of Longjumeau guides a French ambassador to the great Kuyuk Khan. Andrew's brother Guy and several others — John Goderiche, John of Carcassonne, Herbert "Le Sommelier", Gerbert of Sens, Robert (a clerk), a certain William, and an unnamed clerk of Poissy go with him. They reach Talas in northwestern Kyrgyzstan. ≈1254: The Flemish William of Rubruck reaches Mongolia through Central Asia. 1264–≈1269: First expedition of the Italians Niccolò and Maffeo Polo to China. In 1266 they reach Kublai Khan's seat at Dadu (now known as Beijing) in China. 1271–1295: Second trip of Niccolò and Maffeo Polo to China. This time with Marco, Niccolo's son, who would pass down a colourful account of their experiences. The details of this account are currently debated. 1275–1289 & 1289–1328: The Italian John of Montecorvino (1246–1328), a Franciscan missionary, traveller and statesman, founds the earliest Roman Catholic missions in India and China, and becomes archbishop of Peking, and Patriarch of the Orient. ≈1318–1329: Travels of the Franciscan friars, the Italian Odoric of Pordenone and James of Ireland via India and the Malay Peninsula to China where they stayed in Dadu (present day Beijing) for approximately three years before returning to Italy overland through Central Asia. ~1321–1330/1338(?): The French Dominican missionary Jordanus, made bishop over the whole Indian subcontinent in 1329, wrote down his travels through India and the Middle East in his book Mirabilia. 1338–1353: Expedition of the Italian Giovanni de' Marignolli, one of four chief envoys sent by Pope Benedict XII to Peking. 1401–1402: Travel of Payo Gómez de Sotomayor, first ambassador of Henry III of Castile to the Timurid Empire. 1403–1404: Travel of Ruy González de Clavijo, second ambassador of Henry III of Castile to the Timurid Empire. He passed along the Black Sea coast of Turkey to Trabzon and then overland through Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan to Uzbekistan. He also visited Tehran. 1420–1436: Travels of the Italian explorer Niccolò de' Conti to India and Southeast Asia. 1436-1439: Travels of Pedro Tafur across Middle East. 1453: Constantinople falls to the Muslim Ottoman Turks; this marks the end of Christian rule in the Eastern Mediterranean. 1470: Travels of Afanasy Nikitin, the first Russian to visit India. 1471–1479: The Italian Venetian diplomats Caterino Zeno, Ambrogio Contarini and Giosafat Barbaro travel to Persia. 1487-1491: Portuguese explorer and spy Pêro da Covilhã travels to the Near East and India under the orders of the King of Portugal to gather information necessary for successfully establishing a sea route between Portugal and India. 1557–1572: The English Anthony Jenkinson travels across the Caspian Sea to Bukhara and Persia. ≈1580-1585:The Cossack Yermak Timofeyevich reaches the Siberian Tatar city of Qashliq near the right bank of Irtysh. 1583–1591: The English merchant Ralph Fitch, together with John Newberry and John Eldred, a jeweller named William Leedes and a painter, James Story, travelled via the Levant and Mesopotamia to India and Portuguese Malacca (in modern Malaysia). Eldred stayed in Basra, Iraq; Story joined the Jesuits in Goa; Leedes stayed in Agra to work for Akbar and Newberry decided to begin his return journey. Fitch went by himself to Burma and Malacca (today in Malaysia). He returned to London in 1591. 1643: Kurbat Ivanov reaches Lake Baikal. 1644: Vasily Poyarkov, travelling overland from Siberia, reaches the mouth of the Amur on the Pacific Ocean. 1492: Christopher Columbus sets sail from Spain in search of a western route to Asia . Though unsuccessful in reaching Asia his successes propelled eventual European expansion, including Asia. 1497–1499: The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all-sea route from Europe. 1500–1501: After discovering Brazil, Pedro Álvares Cabral, with the half of an original fleet of 13 ships and 1,500 men, accomplished the second Portuguese trip to India. Boats were commanded by Cabral, Bartolomeu Dias, Nicolau Coelho, Sancho de Tovar, Simão de Miranda, Aires Gomes da Silva, Vasco de Ataíde, Diogo Dias, Simão de Pina, Luís Pires, Pêro de Ataíde and Nuno Leitão da Cunha.Vera Lucia Bottrel Tostes, Bravos homens de outrora , Camoes - Revista de Latras e Culturas Lusofonas, no. 8, January - March 2000 It is not known which one between Gaspar de Lemos and André Gonçalves, commanded the ship which returned to Portugal with the news of the discovery. Luís Pires returned to Portugal just after reaching Cape Verde. Vasco de Ataíde, Bartolomeu Dias, Simão de Pina and Aires Gomes' ships were lost near the Cape of Good Hope. The ship commanded by Diogo Dias separated and discovered Madagascar. He was then the first to reach the Red Sea by boat. Nuno Leitão da Cunha, Nicolau Coelho, Sancho de Tovar, Simão de Miranda, Pero de Ataíde did the entire trip to India. Among other passengers were: Pêro Vaz de Caminha and the Franciscan father, Frei Henrique de Coimbra. 1501–?: João da Nova commands the third Portuguese expedition to India. He discovers Ascension Island (1501) and Saint Helena (1502) along the way. 1502–1503:Second trip of Vasco da Gama to India. 1503–1504: Afonso de Albuquerque establishes the first Portuguese fort in Kochi, India, during the fifth Portuguese India Armada. 1505: Francisco de Almeida is appointed as the first viceroy of Portuguese India (Estado da Índia). He leaves Lisbon at the command of the seventh Portuguese India Armada, with 22 ships, including 14 carracks and 6 caravels carrying a crew of 1,000 and 1,500 soldiers. His son, Lourenço de Almeida, explores the southern coast and reaches the modern island of Sri Lanka. 1507–1513: In 1507, Afonso de Albuquerque captures the kingdom of Ormus in the Persian Gulf. He is then appointed second viceroy of India in 1508. In 1510 he conquers Goa, soon to become the most flourishing of the Portuguese settlements in India. 1511: Albuquerque conquers Malacca discovered by Diogo Lopes de Sequeira in 1509. Malacca becomes a strategic base for Portuguese expansion in the East Indies. In November of that year, after having secured Malacca and learning of the "Spice islands" (Banda Islands) location, in Maluku Albuquerque sent an expedition of three vessels led by António de Abreu to find them. In 1511 Ayutthaya Kingdom (Thailand) received a diplomatic mission from the Portuguese. These were probably the first Europeans to visit the country. Five years after that initial contact, Ayutthaya and Portugal concluded a treaty granting the Portuguese permission to trade in the kingdom. 1512: Malay pilots guided the Portuguese via Java, the Lesser Sundas and Ambon to Banda, arriving in early 1512.Hannard (1991), page 7; The first Europeans to reach the Banda Islands, the expedition remained in Banda for about one month, purchasing nutmeg and mace, and cloves in which Banda had a thriving entrepôt trade.Hannard (1991), page 7 D'Abreu sailed through Ambon while his second in command Francisco Serrão went ahead towards Maluku islands, was shipwrecked and ended up in Ternate. Francisco Serrão establishes a fort on Ternate Island. 1513: Albuquerque laid siege to Aden in 1513, but was repulsed. He then led a voyage into the Red Sea, the first ever made by a European fleet. 1513: Jorge Álvares is the first European to land in China at Tamão in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary. 1516-17: Rafael Perestrello, a cousin of Christopher Columbus, leads a small Portuguese trade mission to Canton (Guangzhou), then under the Ming Dynasty. 1517: The Portuguese merchant Fernão Pires de Andrade establishes the first European trade post on the Chinese coast at Tamão in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary and then in Canton (Guangzhou). 1519–: Leaving Spain with five ships and 270 men in 1519, the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan is the first to reach Asia from the East. In 1520, he discovers what is now known as the Strait of Magellan. In 1521 he reaches the Marianas and then the island of Homonhon in the Philippines. Some time after, Magellan is killed in what is known as the Battle of Mactan. The rest of the crew sails to Palawan (Philippines), and then to Brunei and Borneo. They then reach Tidore in the Maluku Islands avoiding the Portuguese. Only one ship, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano, returns to Spain in 1522 with 18 men remaining, accomplishing the first World circumnavigation in History. 1524: Third trip of Vasco da Gama to India. 1542: António da Mota is thrown by a storm to the island of Tanegashima, establishing the first European contact with Japan. 1549: Saint Francis Xavier arrives in Japan accompanied by Father Cosme de Torrès, Brother Juan Fernández, the Japanese Anjiro, two baptized Japanese named Antonio and Joane, a Chinese named Manuel, and an Indian named Amador. The captain of the ship is named Avan aka "The Pirate". 1556: The Dominican Gaspar da Cruz is the first modern missionary to go in China. He traveled to Guangzhou in 1556 and wrote the first complete book on China and the Ming Dynasty that was published in Europe; it included information on its geography, provinces, royalty, official class, bureaucracy, shipping, architecture, farming, craftsmanship, merchant affairs, clothing, religious and social customs, music and instruments, writing, education, and justice. (See also Jesuit China missions)

~500–1000: The Radhanites were medieval Jewish merchants who dominated trade between the Christian and Islamic worlds during the early Middle Ages and travelled as far as Tang-dynasty China. ~550: Byzantine traveler and author Cosmas Indicopleustes completes his work Christian Topography describing geographical features gleaned from his own travels to Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, and Sri Lanka. ~552: Two Persian monks (or perhaps emissaries disguised as monks), at the behest of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) emperor Justinian I, travel to China and smuggle silkworms back to the Eastern Roman Empire, thus enabling silk production in Europe and Asia Minor. 568: The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) general Zemarchus travels to Samarkand and the court of the Western Turkic Kaganate. 639–640: The Muslims subjugate Egypt, thus severing most direct Eastern-Roman (and hence European) trade with India and eastern Asia. 1160–1173: The Navarrese Jewish Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela visits Syria, Palestine, Baghdad, Persia, and the Arabian Peninsula. 1180–1186: Pethahiah of Regensburg goes to Baghdad. 13th century: Silk Road trade reaches its height during the height of the Pax Mongolica, the relative peace in Asia during the widespread unification under the Mongol Empire. 1245–1247: The Italian Franciscan Giovanni da Pian del Carpine appointed Papal Legate and accompanied by Stephen of Bohemia, and later by Benedykt Polak, reaches Karakorum in present-day Mongolia. First European embassy to the Great Khan. 1245–1248: The Italian Ascelin of Lombardia, Simon of St Quentin and Andrew of Longjumeau go to Armenia and Persia. 1249–1251: Andrew of Longjumeau guides a French ambassador to the great Kuyuk Khan. Andrew's brother Guy and several others — John Goderiche, John of Carcassonne, Herbert "Le Sommelier", Gerbert of Sens, Robert (a clerk), a certain William, and an unnamed clerk of Poissy go with him. They reach Talas in northwestern Kyrgyzstan. ≈1254: The Flemish William of Rubruck reaches Mongolia through Central Asia. 1264–≈1269: First expedition of the Italians Niccolò and Maffeo Polo to China. In 1266 they reach Kublai Khan's seat at Dadu (now known as Beijing) in China. 1271–1295: Second trip of Niccolò and Maffeo Polo to China. This time with Marco, Niccolo's son, who would pass down a colourful account of their experiences. The details of this account are currently debated. 1275–1289 & 1289–1328: The Italian John of Montecorvino (1246–1328), a Franciscan missionary, traveller and statesman, founds the earliest Roman Catholic missions in India and China, and becomes archbishop of Peking, and Patriarch of the Orient. ≈1318–1329: Travels of the Franciscan friars, the Italian Odoric of Pordenone and James of Ireland via India and the Malay Peninsula to China where they stayed in Dadu (present day Beijing) for approximately three years before returning to Italy overland through Central Asia. ~1321–1330/1338(?): The French Dominican missionary Jordanus, made bishop over the whole Indian subcontinent in 1329, wrote down his travels through India and the Middle East in his book Mirabilia. 1338–1353: Expedition of the Italian Giovanni de' Marignolli, one of four chief envoys sent by Pope Benedict XII to Peking. 1401–1402: Travel of Payo Gómez de Sotomayor, first ambassador of Henry III of Castile to the Timurid Empire. 1403–1404: Travel of Ruy González de Clavijo, second ambassador of Henry III of Castile to the Timurid Empire. He passed along the Black Sea coast of Turkey to Trabzon and then overland through Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan to Uzbekistan. He also visited Tehran. 1420–1436: Travels of the Italian explorer Niccolò de' Conti to India and Southeast Asia. 1436-1439: Travels of Pedro Tafur across Middle East. 1453: Constantinople falls to the Muslim Ottoman Turks; this marks the end of Christian rule in the Eastern Mediterranean. 1470: Travels of Afanasy Nikitin, the first Russian to visit India. 1471–1479: The Italian Venetian diplomats Caterino Zeno, Ambrogio Contarini and Giosafat Barbaro travel to Persia. 1487-1491: Portuguese explorer and spy Pêro da Covilhã travels to the Near East and India under the orders of the King of Portugal to gather information necessary for successfully establishing a sea route between Portugal and India. 1557–1572: The English traveler, diplomat and explorer Anthony Jenkinson travels across the Caspian Sea to Bukhara and Persia. ≈1580-1585:The Cossack Yermak Timofeyevich reaches the Siberian Tatar city of Qashliq near the right bank of Irtysh. 1583–1591: The English merchant Ralph Fitch, together with John Newberry and John Eldred, a jeweller named William Leedes and a painter, James Story, travelled via the Levant and Mesopotamia to India and Portuguese Malacca (in modern Malaysia). Eldred stayed in Basra, Iraq; Story joined the Jesuits in Goa; Leedes stayed in Agra to work for Akbar and Newberry decided to begin his return journey. Fitch went by himself to Burma and Malacca (today in Malaysia). He returned to London in 1591. 1643: Kurbat Ivanov reaches Lake Baikal. 1644: Vasily Poyarkov, travelling overland from Siberia, reaches the mouth of the Amur on the Pacific Ocean. 1488: Bartolomeu Dias reaches the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. This was an important milestone because this allowed future sailors like Vasco da Gama to sail to India and Southeast Asia. 1492: Christopher Columbus sets sail from Spain in search of a western route to Asia , eventually landing in the Americas . Though unsuccessful in reaching Asia his successes propelled eventual European expansion, including Asia. 1497–1499: The Portuguese Vasco da Gama, accompanied by Nicolau Coelho and Bartolomeu Dias, is the first European to reach India by an all-sea route from Europe. 1500–1501: After discovering Brazil, Pedro Álvares Cabral, with the half of an original fleet of 13 ships and 1,500 men, accomplished the second Portuguese trip to India. Boats were commanded by Cabral, Bartolomeu Dias, Nicolau Coelho, Sancho de Tovar, Simão de Miranda, Aires Gomes da Silva, Vasco de Ataíde, Diogo Dias, Simão de Pina, Luís Pires, Pêro de Ataíde and Nuno Leitão da Cunha.Vera Lucia Bottrel Tostes, Bravos homens de outrora , Camoes - Revista de Latras e Culturas Lusofonas, no. 8, January - March 2000 It is not known which one between Gaspar de Lemos and André Gonçalves, commanded the ship which returned to Portugal with the news of the discovery. Luís Pires returned to Portugal just after reaching Cape Verde. Vasco de Ataíde, Bartolomeu Dias, Simão de Pina and Aires Gomes' ships were lost near the Cape of Good Hope. The ship commanded by Diogo Dias separated and discovered Madagascar. He was then the first to reach the Red Sea by boat. Nuno Leitão da Cunha, Nicolau Coelho, Sancho de Tovar, Simão de Miranda, Pero de Ataíde did the entire trip to India. Among other passengers were: Pêro Vaz de Caminha and the Franciscan father, Frei Henrique de Coimbra. 1501–?: João da Nova commands the third Portuguese expedition to India. He discovers Ascension Island (1501) and Saint Helena (1502) along the way. 1502–1503:Second trip of Vasco da Gama to India. 1503–1504: Afonso de Albuquerque establishes the first Portuguese fort in Kochi, India, during the fifth Portuguese India Armada. 1505: Francisco de Almeida is appointed as the first viceroy of Portuguese India (Estado da Índia). He leaves Lisbon at the command of the seventh Portuguese India Armada, with 22 ships, including 14 carracks and 6 caravels carrying a crew of 1,000 and 1,500 soldiers. His son, Lourenço de Almeida, explores the southern coast and reaches the modern island of Sri Lanka. 1507–1513: In 1507, Afonso de Albuquerque captures the kingdom of Ormus in the Persian Gulf. He is then appointed second viceroy of India in 1508. In 1510 he conquers Goa, soon to become the most flourishing of the Portuguese settlements in India. 1511: Albuquerque conquers Malacca discovered by Diogo Lopes de Sequeira in 1509. Malacca becomes a strategic base for Portuguese expansion in the East Indies. In November of that year, after having secured Malacca and learning of the "Spice islands" (Banda Islands) location, in Maluku Albuquerque sent an expedition of three vessels led by António de Abreu to find them. In 1511 Ayutthaya Kingdom (Thailand) received a diplomatic mission from the Portuguese. These were probably the first Europeans to visit the country. Five years after that initial contact, Ayutthaya and Portugal concluded a treaty granting the Portuguese permission to trade in the kingdom. 1512: Malay pilots guided the Portuguese via Java, the Lesser Sundas and Ambon to Banda, arriving in early 1512.Hannard (1991), page 7; The first Europeans to reach the Banda Islands, the expedition remained in Banda for about one month, purchasing nutmeg and mace, and cloves in which Banda had a thriving entrepôt trade.Hannard (1991), page 7 D'Abreu sailed through Ambon while his second in command Francisco Serrão went ahead towards Maluku islands, was shipwrecked and ended up in Ternate. Francisco Serrão establishes a fort on Ternate Island. 1513: Albuquerque laid siege to Aden in 1513, but was repulsed. He then led a voyage into the Red Sea, the first ever made by a European fleet. 1513: Jorge Álvares is the first European to land in China at Tamão in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary. 1516-17: Rafael Perestrello, a cousin of Christopher Columbus, leads a small Portuguese trade mission to Canton (Guangzhou), then under the Ming Dynasty. 1517: The Portuguese merchant Fernão Pires de Andrade establishes the first European trade post on the Chinese coast at Tamão in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary and then in Canton (Guangzhou). 1519–: Leaving Spain with five ships and 270 men in 1519, the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan is the first to reach Asia from the East. In 1520, he discovers what is now known as the Strait of Magellan. In 1521 he reaches the Marianas and then the island of Homonhon in the Philippines. Some time after, Magellan is killed in what is known as the Battle of Mactan. The rest of the crew sails to Palawan (Philippines), and then to Brunei and Borneo. They then reach Tidore in the Maluku Islands avoiding the Portuguese. Only one ship, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano, returns to Spain in 1522 with 18 men remaining, accomplishing the first World circumnavigation in History. 1524: Third trip of Vasco da Gama to India. 1542: António da Mota is thrown by a storm to the island of Tanegashima, establishing the first European contact with Japan. 1549: Saint Francis Xavier arrives in Japan accompanied by Father Cosme de Torrès, Brother Juan Fernández, the Japanese Anjiro, two baptized Japanese named Antonio and Joane, a Chinese named Manuel, and an Indian named Amador. The captain of the ship is named Avan aka "The Pirate". 1556: The Dominican Gaspar da Cruz is the first modern missionary to go in China. He traveled to Guangzhou in 1556 and wrote the first complete book on China and the Ming Dynasty that was published in Europe; it included information on its geography, provinces, royalty, official class, bureaucracy, shipping, architecture, farming, craftsmanship, merchant affairs, clothing, religious and social customs, music and instruments, writing, education, and justice. (See also Jesuit China missions)

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Seega is an abstract strategy game that originated in Egypt. It can be played on boards with cells in a 5x5, 7x7 or 9x9 disposition. Other names include Seejeh, Siga and Sidjah. History Drawing of a board of "khamsáwee seega" in Lane's book. According to Lane, the first player's first move must be to place their piees in cells marked with "a", and the second player in cells marked with "b". The following pieces are free to be placed anywhere. The book An Account Of The Manners And Customs Of The Modern Egyptians (1st edition from 1936) by Edward William Lane mentions the game. According to him, the 5x5 board is called "khamsáwee seega", the 7x7 board is called "seb'áwee", and the 9x9 board is called "tisáwee". The first move of each player is predetermined, as described in the image. The game of Seega must not be confused with the board from the game called "táb", which is also names seega, has four rows of nine to fifteen cells, and is also described by Lane. Another mention of the game is from a 1890 paper published in the Journal of American Folklore. In the paper, H. Carrington Bolton says he was camping by Mount Sinai and saw Egyptians and bedouins playing in holes dug in the sand. Bolton describes variants with 5x5, 7x7 and 9x9 cells. According to him, the game was called "seegà", and the pieces "kelb". References

Seega is an abstract strategy game that originated in Egypt. It can be played on boards with cells in a 5×5, 7×7 or 9×9 disposition. Other names include Seejeh, Siga and Sidjah. History Drawing of a board of "khamsáwee seega" in Lane's book. According to Lane, the first player's first move must be to place their piees in cells marked with "a", and the second player in cells marked with "b". The following pieces are free to be placed anywhere. The book An Account Of The Manners And Customs Of The Modern Egyptians (1st edition from 1936) by Edward William Lane mentions the game. According to him, the 5×5 board is called "khamsáwee seega", the 7×7 board is called "seb'áwee", and the 9×9 board is called "tisáwee". The first move of each player is predetermined, as described in the image. The game of Seega must not be confused with the board from the game called "táb", which is also names seega, has four rows of nine to fifteen cells, and is also described by Lane. Another mention of the game is from a 1890 paper published in the Journal of American Folklore. In the paper, H. Carrington Bolton says he was camping by Mount Sinai and saw Egyptians and bedouins playing in holes dug in the sand. Bolton describes variants with 5×5, 7×7 and 9×9 cells. According to him, the game was called "seegà", and the pieces "kelb". References External links

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: Category:1963 births : Category:Living people : Category:Colgate University alumni : Category:Military personnel from Utica, New York : Category:United States Navy : Category:United States Navy officers : Category:United States Navy SEALs personnel : Category:American podcasters : Category:Military personne

Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Colgate University alumni Category:Military personnel from Utica, New York Category:United States Navy Category:United States Navy officers Category:United States Navy SEALs personnel Category:American podcasters Category:Military personnel Category:1963 births Category:Living peop

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Honors and awards 1966 Member of Omega Chi Epsilon Honor Society 1966 Member of Tau Beta Pi Honor Society, 1969 Member of Sigma Xi Honor Society, 1969 Lottes memorial award as the best senior chemical engineering student, Purdue University, Chemical Engineering Department 1990 Merit Award for Excellence in the Field of Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria 1991 Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers 2001 SABIC Prize for innovative contributions 2003 Saudi Aramco Certificate of Recognition for Outstanding Achievements in Engineering & Operations Services. 2007 Outstanding Achievement Award by USA Chapter of Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers.

Honors and awards 1966 Member of Omega Chi Epsilon Honor Society 1966 Member of Tau Beta Pi Honor Society, 1969 Member of Sigma Xi Honor Society, 1969 The John Clarence Lottes Award as an outstanding chemical engineering senior student, Purdue University, Chemical Engineering Department 1990 Merit Award for Excellence in the Field of Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria 1991 Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers 2001 SABIC Prize for innovative contributions 2003 Saudi Aramco Certificate of Recognition for Outstanding Achievements in Engineering & Operations Services. 2007 Outstanding Achievement Award by USA Chapter of Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers.

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Bari Manzil ka Musaafir Kamyabi Ka Paigham 365 Aqwaal-E-Khud Shanasi Aap Ka Bacha Kamyaab Ho Sakta Hai Oonchi Udaan Zara Num Ho Teacher Se Trainer Tak

Bari Manzil ka Musaafir Kamyabi Ka Paigham 365 Aqwaal-E-Khud Shanasi Aap Ka Bacha Kamyaab Ho Sakta Hai Unchi Udaan Zara Num Ho Teacher Se Trainer Tak Targeeb

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Qasim Ali Shah (born 25 December 1980) is a Pakistani trainer, author and an influential speaker. He did Chemical engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. However, later he left engineering and Central Superior Services (CSS) in persuasion of becoming author, trainer and influential URL Thought transformation In a way of transforming people perception, he published 07 books in Urdu Language and wrote 150 columns (Urdu Language). He is a renowned motivational speaker as well as corporate trainer and has been invited by several institutions for his addresses, namely National Logistic Cell (NLC), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (UET), College of Tourism & Hotel Management, Lahore (COTHM). During his interview in GEO News Channel Program Jirga with Saleem Safi, he emphasized over society role to cope up with current national challenges and COVID-19 crises. Serving humanity Founded a nonprofit organisation "Qasim Ali Shah Foundation" which is working on the motive that Pakistan will transform if the perception of the people will change. During one of his interview, he also came under hot water when one of his clip is interpreted and shared on social media as a conservative approach towards women empowerment.

Qasim Ali Shah (born 25 December 1980) is a Pakistani trainer, author and an public speaker. He studied Chemical engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. However, later he left engineering and Central Superior Services (CSS) to pursue other URL Thought transformation Shah has published seven books in Urdu Language and wrote 150 columns (Urdu Language). He is a motivational speaker as well as corporate trainer and has been invited by several institutions for his addresses, namely National Logistic Cell (NLC), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (UET), College of Tourism & Hotel Management, Lahore (COTHM). During his interview in GEO News Channel Program Jirga with Saleem Safi, he emphasized over society role to cope up with current national challenges and COVID-19 crises. Philanthropy Founded a nonprofit organisation "Qasim Ali Shah Foundation" which is working on the motive that Pakistan will transform if the perception of the people will change. During one of his interview, he also came under hot water when one of his clip is interpreted and shared on social media as a conservative approach towards women empowerment.

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Early life and career Gold was born to doctor Reuben Tizes and elementary school teacher Carol Tizes , and raised in Long Island, New York. She graduated from the City College of New York at age 19, and received her Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree from the Chicago Medical School in 1989. After obtaining a medical license in California, Gold attended Stanford Law School, graduating in 1993; Gold described attending law school as her "rebellion" against her father, who wanted his children to be doctors. She was admitted to the New York bar in 1997 and shortly afterward completed a residency in emergency medicine at the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University. According to Gold, she also worked as a fellow to U.S. Congressman Jim Jeffords in 1997, though she was not remembered by Jeffords' former chief of staff. She also claims that in 2009 she worked as an assistant to Israeli Ambassador to the United States Michael Oren, who credited her in print but did not remember her.

Early life and career Gold was born to medical school professor Reuben Tizes and elementary school teacher for special needs children Carol TizesWedding of ANDREA TIZES, DAVID FEINBERG , and raised in Long Island, New York. She graduated from the City College of New York at age 19, and received her Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree from the Chicago Medical School in 1989. After obtaining a medical license in California, Gold attended Stanford Law School, graduating in 1993; Gold described attending law school as her "rebellion" against her father, who wanted his children to be doctors. She was admitted to the New York bar in 1997 and shortly afterward completed a residency in emergency medicine at the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University. According to Gold, she also worked as a fellow to U.S. Congressman Jim Jeffords in 1997, though she was not remembered by Jeffords' former chief of staff. She also claims that in 2009 she worked as an assistant to Israeli Ambassador to the United States Michael Oren, who credited her in print but did not remember her.

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In 2001, the Spanish Ministry of Justice denied the registration of SUUE as a religious organization in Spain on the grounds that it lacked a creed. This rejection was confirmed in 2006 after a second request for legalization was made that emphasized the religious nature of the organization and its historical and denominational links.

In 2001, Ángel Acebes, the Spanish Ministry of Justice denied the registration of SUUE as a religious organization in Spain on the grounds that it lacked a creed. This rejection was confirmed in 2006 by Spanish Ministry of Justice Fernando López Aguilar after a second request for legalization was made that emphasized the religious nature of the organization and its historical and denominational links.

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Emily Dawson is an academic in the field of Science and Technology Studies. She is currently an Associate Professor at UCL in the Department of Science & Technology Studies. Awards Dawson honoured with Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2020 from the Leverhulme Trust. Dawson received the prize for her work on sociology of science and education, focusing on how structural inequalities affect science experiences outside school, in everyday, popular culture settings. References External links Dawson's record on the UCL website Dawson's personal homepage

emily dawson is an academic in the field of Science and Technology Studies. She is currently an Associate Professor at UCL in the Department of Science & Technology Studies. Awards Dawson honoured with Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2020 from the Leverhulme Trust. Dawson received the prize for her work on sociology of science and education, focusing on how structural inequalities affect science experiences outside school, in everyday, popular culture settings.

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Emily Dawson is an academic in the field of Science and Technology Studies. She is currently an Associate Professor at UCL in the Department of Science & Technology Studies .

Emily Dawson was an academic in the field of Science and Technology Studies. She is currently an Associate Professor at UCL in the Department of Science & Technology Studies .She has resigned due to infection of coronavirus .