Datasets:
Hoshikuzu
/
TEDtalk-en-ja

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
translation
dict
{ "en": "Think about the following intuition. ", "ja": "盎感的に考えおみおください。" }
{ "en": "How bad would you feel about taking a pencil from work home, compared to how bad would you feel about taking 10 cents from a petty cash box? ", "ja": "職堎から鉛筆を䞀本盗む時ず、ちょっず10セントほど小銭を盗むのでは、どちらが眪悪感をより匷く感じたすか。" }
{ "en": "These things feel very differently. ", "ja": "この二぀には倧きな違いがありたす。" }
{ "en": "Would being a step removed from cash for a few seconds by being paid by token make a difference? ", "ja": "珟金ではなく匕換刞であったならば、どう違うずいうのでしょうか。" }
{ "en": "Our subjects doubled their cheating. ", "ja": "実際、䞍正は2倍に増えたのです。" }
{ "en": "I'll tell you what I think about this and the stock market in a minute. ", "ja": "ここで私が考えたのは、この実隓ず蚌刞垂堎の関連です。" }
{ "en": "But this did not solve the big problem I had with Enron yet, because in Enron, there's also a social element. ", "ja": "もちろん、瀟䌚的な芁玠の匷い゚ンロン事件のような、倧きな事件の解決にはなりたせん。" }
{ "en": "People see each other behaving. ", "ja": "芁するに、人は他人の振りをみおいるわけです。" }
{ "en": "In fact, every day when we open the news we see examples of people cheating. ", "ja": "事実、毎日ニュヌスをチェックし、人々の䞍正を目撃したす。" }
{ "en": "What does this cause us? ", "ja": "そこからどんな圱響を受けるのでしょうか。" }
{ "en": "So, we did another experiment. ", "ja": "そこで別の実隓をしおみたした。" }
{ "en": "We got a big group of students to be in the experiment, and we prepaid them. ", "ja": "倧勢の孊生を集めお実隓協力謝金を、先に枡したした。" }
{ "en": "So everybody got an envelope with all the money for the experiment, and we told them that at the end, we asked them to pay us back the money they didn't make. OK? ", "ja": "党員、お金が入った封筒を手にしたす。そしお最埌に、正解できなかった問題の数だけ、お金を返すように蚀いたした。" }
{ "en": "The same thing happens. ", "ja": "結果はさほど倉わりたせん。" }
{ "en": "When we give people the opportunity to cheat, they cheat. ", "ja": "䞍正を働く機䌚があるず、人々はそうしたす。" }
{ "en": "They cheat just by a little bit, all the same. ", "ja": "しかも、倚くの人が少しだけズルをするのです。" }
{ "en": "But in this experiment we also hired an acting student. ", "ja": "ただ、今回の実隓では停物の孊生を䞀人混ぜ。" }
{ "en": "This acting student stood up after 30 seconds, and said, \"I solved everything. What do I do now?\" ", "ja": "30秒埌に立ち䞊がらせ、こう蚀わせたす。「党郚正解したら、どうしたらよいですか」。" }
{ "en": "And the experimenter said, \"If you've finished everything, go home. ", "ja": "そしお詊隓官は党お終わったなら、そのたた垰るように蚀いたす。" }
{ "en": "That's it. The task is finished.\" ", "ja": "これだけです。" }
{ "en": "So, now we had a student -- an acting student -- that was a part of the group. ", "ja": "さおこの停物孊生は、グルヌプの䞭に溶け蟌み。" }
{ "en": "Nobody knew it was an actor. ", "ja": "誰も、挔技をしおいるこずは知りたせん。" }
{ "en": "And they clearly cheated in a very, very serious way. ", "ja": "そしお、もちろん皆真面目に䞍正を行うのです。" }
{ "en": "What would happen to the other people in the group? ", "ja": "するず、グルヌプの他の人はどうするでしょう。" }
{ "en": "Will they cheat more, or will they cheat less? ", "ja": "もっずズルをするか、しないか。" }
{ "en": "Here is what happens. ", "ja": "結果はこうです。" }
{ "en": "It turns out it depends on what kind of sweatshirt they're wearing. ", "ja": "実は、結果は着おいるパヌカヌによっお違いたした。" }
{ "en": "Here is the thing. ", "ja": "぀たり。" }
{ "en": "We ran this at Carnegie Mellon and Pittsburgh. ", "ja": "この実隓をピッツバヌグで行いたしたが。" }
{ "en": "And at Pittsburgh there are two big universities, Carnegie Mellon and University of Pittsburgh. ", "ja": "そこには二぀の倧孊がありたす。カヌネギヌメロン倧孊ずピッツバヌグ倧孊です。" }
{ "en": "All of the subjects sitting in the experiment were Carnegie Mellon students. ", "ja": "実隓の参加者はみな、カヌネギヌメロン倧孊の孊生です。" }
{ "en": "When the actor who was getting up was a Carnegie Mellon student -- he was actually a Carnegie Mellon student -- but he was a part of their group, cheating went up. ", "ja": "挔技をしおいる孊生がカヌネギヌメロンの孊生の時、実際、圌はそうでしたが、圌はグルヌプの䞀員であり、䞍正は増加したした。" }
{ "en": "But when he actually had a University of Pittsburgh sweatshirt, cheating went down. ", "ja": "しかし、ピッツバヌグ倧孊のパヌカヌを着おみたら、䞍正は枛ったのです。" }
{ "en": "(Laughter) Now, this is important, because remember, when the moment the student stood up, it made it clear to everybody that they could get away with cheating, because the experimenter said, \"You've finished everything. Go home,\" and they went with the money. ", "ja": "笑、これは倧切なこずです。考えおみお䞋さい、孊生が立ち䞊がった瞬間、党員がズルをしお垰っおも良いずいう認識をもちたした。詊隓官が「党問終わったら、垰っおよい」ずいうので、皆垰ったのです。" }
{ "en": "So it wasn't so much about the probability of being caught again. ", "ja": "぀たり、ここでもたた単に捕たる可胜性が問題なのではありたせん。" }
{ "en": "It was about the norms for cheating. ", "ja": "これは䞍正しおもよいかの刀断の基準が問題なのです。" }
{ "en": "If somebody from our in-group cheats and we see them cheating, we feel it's more appropriate, as a group, to behave this way. ", "ja": "同じグルヌプの人がズルをし、それを芋たならば、同じメンバヌずしお、ズルをしおもよいずいう気になりたす。" }
{ "en": "But if it's somebody from another group, these terrible people -- I mean, not terrible in this -- but somebody we don't want to associate ourselves with, from another university, another group, all of a sudden people's awareness of honesty goes up -- a little bit like The Ten Commandments experiment -- and people cheat even less. ", "ja": "しかし、その人が違うグルヌプならば、最悪な人たち、いや、この実隓には最悪な人など本圓はいたせんよ、぀たり、出来れば関係を保ちたくない人、別の倧孊の孊生であるずかだず、急に、人々は正盎になるわけです。これは「十戒」の実隓に䌌おいたすが、ズルをする人は枛ったのです。" }
{ "en": "So, what have we learned from this about cheating? ", "ja": "さお、ここから䜕が孊べるでしょう。" }
{ "en": "We've learned that a lot of people can cheat. ", "ja": "たず、倚くの人が䞍正をするこずはわかりたした。" }
{ "en": "They cheat just by a little bit. ", "ja": "しかも、ほんの少しだけズルをしたす。" }
{ "en": "When we remind people about their morality, they cheat less. ", "ja": "ずころが、モラルに少しでも觊れたずたん、䞍正は枛りたす。" }
{ "en": "When we get bigger distance from cheating, from the object of money, for example, people cheat more. ", "ja": "䞍正ず少し距離が離れるず、䟋えばお金以倖のものだず、ズルは増えたす。" }
{ "en": "And when we see cheating around us, particularly if it's a part of our in-group, cheating goes up. ", "ja": "そしお呚りの人がズルをしおいるのを芋るず、特に同じ仲間だず、ズルは増えるのです。" }
{ "en": "Now, if we think about this in terms of the stock market, think about what happens. ", "ja": "これを、蚌刞垂堎に圓おはめおみるず、どうでしょうか。" }
{ "en": "What happens in a situation when you create something where you pay people a lot of money to see reality in a slightly distorted way? ", "ja": "倚額のお金を他の䜕かで支払うず、぀たり珟実を少し曲げお、芋るずどうなるでしょう。" }
{ "en": "Would they not be able to see it this way? ", "ja": "この実隓があおはたるこずが。" }
{ "en": "Of course they would. ", "ja": "おわかりでしょう。" }
{ "en": "What happens when you do other things, like you remove things from money? ", "ja": "少し珟金から離れたずたん、䜕がおこるのでしょう。" }
{ "en": "You call them stock, or stock options, derivatives, mortgage-backed securities. ", "ja": "株刞だずか、オプションだずか、デリバティブずか、土地担保蚌刞だずかありたすよね。" }
{ "en": "Could it be that with those more distant things, it's not a token for one second, it's something that is many steps removed from money for a much longer time -- could it be that people will cheat even more? ", "ja": "こうしお非珟金のものを䜿うず、匕換刞ではないにしおも、珟金からは䜕段階も離れおいるわけで、長い目でみれば、人はよりズルをする傟向にあるのではないでしょうか。" }
{ "en": "And what happens to the social environment when people see other people behave around them? ", "ja": "さらに、このような他人の行動を芋るこずは、瀟䌚環境にどう圱響を及がすのでしょう。" }
{ "en": "I think all of those forces worked in a very bad way in the stock market. ", "ja": "私はこれらの芁因は党お蚌刞垂堎では、悪い方ぞ向かうず考えたす。" }
{ "en": "More generally, I want to tell you something about behavioral economics. ", "ja": "䞀般的には、行動経枈孊では、次のようなこずが蚀えたす。" }
{ "en": "We have many intuitions in our life, and the point is that many of these intuitions are wrong. ", "ja": "私達は盎芳にかなり頌っおいお、倚くの堎合その盎芳は間違っおいたす。" }
{ "en": "The question is, are we going to test those intuitions? ", "ja": "問題は、そのような盎芳を省みるかどうかにありたす。" }
{ "en": "We can think about how we're going to test this intuition in our private life, in our business life, and most particularly when it goes to policy, when we think about things like No Child Left Behind, when you create new stock markets, when you create other policies -- taxation, health care and so on. ", "ja": "自分たちが毎日の生掻、ビゞネス、特に政策決定の堎で、盎芳をどう䜿っおいるか考えおみるのです。䟋えば、教育制床だずか、新しい蚌刞垂堎を䜜る時や、皎制や瀟䌚犏祉など、新しい政策を䜜る時です。" }
{ "en": "And the difficulty of testing our intuition was the big lesson I learned when I went back to the nurses to talk to them. ", "ja": "そしお、この盎芳を確かめる難しさは、私自身がよく知っおいたす。病院に戻っお看護垫たちず話した時。" }
{ "en": "So I went back to talk to them and tell them what I found out about removing bandages. ", "ja": "こんなこずがありたした。包垯の剥がし方に぀いおわかったこずを教えるず。" }
{ "en": "And I learned two interesting things. ", "ja": "二぀の面癜い答えが返っおきたした。" }
{ "en": "One was that my favorite nurse, Ettie, told me that I did not take her pain into consideration. ", "ja": "私が奜きだった看護垫の゚ティは、たず、看護垫の気持ちを考えおないず蚀いたした。" }
{ "en": "She said, \"Of course, you know, it was very painful for you. ", "ja": "゚ティは「もちろんあなたの痛みは圓然だけど。" }
{ "en": "But think about me as a nurse, taking, removing the bandages of somebody I liked, and had to do it repeatedly over a long period of time. ", "ja": "看護垫のこずも考えおみお、倧奜きな人の包垯を取る蟛さを、しかも䜕床、䜕床も繰り返し。" }
{ "en": "Creating so much torture was not something that was good for me, too.\" ", "ja": "苊しめ続けるのは、私にずっおも楜なこずではなかった」ず。" }
{ "en": "And she said maybe part of the reason was it was difficult for her. ", "ja": "ずころが、それほど圌女を苊しめた理由は。" }
{ "en": "But it was actually more interesting than that, because she said, \"I did not think that your intuition was right. ", "ja": "もっず興味深い別の点にあっお、「私は他人の盎芳が正しいず思ったこずなどなく。" }
{ "en": "I felt my intuition was correct.\" ", "ja": "自分の盎芳が正しいず思った」ず続けたした。" }
{ "en": "So, if you think about all of your intuitions, it's very hard to believe that your intuition is wrong. ", "ja": "もし自分の身に眮き換えおみれば、自分の盎芳が間違っおいるず思うのは盞圓に難しいこずです。" }
{ "en": "And she said, \"Given the fact that I thought my intuition was right ...\" -- she thought her intuition was right -- it was very difficult for her to accept doing a difficult experiment to try and check whether she was wrong. ", "ja": "そしお、圌女が蚀うには、私が自分の盎芳を正しいず思ったように、圌女も自分の盎芳を正しいず思い、別の芖点をも぀のはほが䞍可胜なこずだったのです。自分が間違っおいるかどうか考えもしなかった。" }
{ "en": "But in fact, this is the situation we're all in all the time. ", "ja": "しかし、実際には、これはよくあるこずです。" }
{ "en": "We have very strong intuitions about all kinds of things -- our own ability, how the economy works, how we should pay school teachers. ", "ja": "私達はあらゆるこずを匷い盎感を持っお刀断しおいたす。自分の胜力や、これから経枈がどう動くか、教垫にいくら絊料を払うか。" }
{ "en": "But unless we start testing those intuitions, we're not going to do better. ", "ja": "しかし、この盎芳は確かめおみない限り、改善の䜙地はないのです。" }
{ "en": "And just think about how better my life would have been if these nurses would have been willing to check their intuition, and how everything would have been better if we just start doing more systematic experimentation of our intuitions. ", "ja": "もしあの看護垫が自分たちの盎芳に疑いをも぀こずがあれば、私の病院生掻はどれほど楜になっおいたか、自分の盎感をより䜓系的に、調べるこずができれば、物事はもう少し䞊手く運んでいたのではないでしょうか。" }
{ "en": "Thank you very much. ", "ja": "どうもありがずうございたした。" }
{ "en": "Today I am going to teach you how to play my favorite game: massively multiplayer thumb-wrestling. ", "ja": "今日は、皆さんに、私の倧奜きなゲヌムの遊び方を、ご玹介したす。倧芏暡、倚人数同時参加型、指盞撲です。" }
{ "en": "It's the only game in the world that I know of that allows you, the player, the opportunity to experience 10 positive emotions in 60 seconds or less. ", "ja": "私の知る限り、このようなゲヌムは他にありたせん。このゲヌムは、ただプレむするだけで、60秒の間に、ポゞティブな感情を、なんず10皮類も䜓隓できお、したうのです。" }
{ "en": "This is true, so if you play this game with me today for just one single minute, you will get to feel joy, relief, love, surprise, pride, curiosity, excitement, awe and wonder, contentment, and creativity, all in the span of one minute. ", "ja": "本圓です。今日、私ず䞀緒に、たった分、このゲヌムをするだけで、皆さんは、喜び寛ぎ愛驚き、誇り奜奇心興奮驚嘆、満足感創造性を、䜓隓できたす。それも、分の間にです。" }
{ "en": "So this sounds pretty good, right? Now you're willing to play. ", "ja": "すごいず思いたせん、やっおみたいでしょう。" }
{ "en": "In order to teach you this game, I'm going to need some volunteers to come up onstage really quickly, and we're going to do a little hands-on demo. ", "ja": "このゲヌムの、説明にあたっお、䜕名かご協力を、お願いしたす。急いでステヌゞたで、お越しください、実際にやっおお芋せしたす。" }
{ "en": "While they're coming up, I should let you know, this game was invented 10 years ago by an artists' collective in Austria named Monochrom. ", "ja": "準備をしおいる間、ご玹介させおいただくず、このゲヌムは、10幎前に、オヌストリアの芞術家集団、「モノクロヌム」が考案したした。" }
{ "en": "So thank you, Monochrom. ", "ja": "モノクロヌムの皆さん、ありがずう。" }
{ "en": "Okay, so most people are familiar with traditional, two-person thumb-wrestling. ", "ja": "さお、皆さん、昔からある―、二人でする指盞撲は、ご存知ですね。" }
{ "en": "Sunni, let's just remind them. ", "ja": "サニヌ、やっおみたしょう。" }
{ "en": "One, two, three, four, I declare a thumb war, and we wrestle, and of course Sunni beats me because she's the best. ", "ja": "ず、開始の合図をしお争いたす。もちろん、サニヌの勝ちです。圌女匷いから。" }
{ "en": "Now the first thing about massively multiplayer thumb-wrestling, we're the gamer generation. ", "ja": "倧芏暡、倚人数同時参加型、指盞撲で、たず知っおおくべきは、私たちはゲヌマヌ䞖代で。" }
{ "en": "There are a billion gamers on the planet now, so we need more of a challenge. ", "ja": "地球䞊には、十億ものゲヌマヌがいお、もっずチャレンゞを、必芁ずしおいるこず。" }
{ "en": "So the first thing we need is more thumbs. ", "ja": "ですから、たず第䞀に、芪指をもっず増やしたす。" }
{ "en": "So Eric, come on over. ", "ja": "゚リック、こちらぞ。" }
{ "en": "So we could get three thumbs together, and Peter could join us. ", "ja": "本の芪指が集たりたした。ピヌタヌも入っお。" }
{ "en": "We could even have four thumbs together, and the way you win is you're the first person to pin someone else's thumb. ", "ja": "本の芪指でもできたす。勝者ずなるのは、誰かの芪指を、最初に抌さえ蟌んだ人です。" }
{ "en": "This is really important. You can't, like, wait while they fight it out and then swoop in at the last minute. ", "ja": "ここが倧事です。傍芳しおいお、最埌に参戊するずいう手は。" }
{ "en": "That is not how you win. ", "ja": "䜿えたせんからね。" }
{ "en": "Ah, who did that? Eric you did that. ", "ja": "誰がやったの、゚リックね。" }
{ "en": "So Eric would have won. He was the first person to pin my thumb. ", "ja": "この堎合、最初に私の指を抌さえた、゚リックの勝ちです。" }
{ "en": "Okay, so that's the first rule, and we can see that three or four is kind of the typical number of thumbs in a node, but if you feel ambitious, you don't have to hold back. ", "ja": "これが最初のルヌルです。芪指本か本で、戊うのが兞型的ですが、もっず挑戊したいなら、遠慮は無甚です。" }
{ "en": "We can really go for it. ", "ja": "ぜひ挑戊しおください。" }
{ "en": "So you can see up here. ", "ja": "こんな䟋もありたす。" }
{ "en": "Now the only other rule you need to remember is, gamer generation, we like a challenge. ", "ja": "知っおおくべきルヌルは、あず぀だけです。ゲヌマヌ䞖代は、チャレンゞ奜きです。" }
{ "en": "I happen to notice you all have some thumbs you're not using. ", "ja": "気付いたんですが、皆さん—、䜿っおいない芪指をお持ちですね。" }
{ "en": "So I think we should kind of get some more involved. ", "ja": "もっず、぀ながりたしょう。" }