translation
dict |
|---|
{
"en": "So let's look though at the four choices we are making right now. ",
"ja": "ここで４種類の魚を検証してみましょう。"
} |
{
"en": "The first one -- by far the most consumed seafood in America and in much of the West, is shrimp. ",
"ja": "最初は、アメリカや西洋諸国の大部分で、最も消費されている、エビです。"
} |
{
"en": "Shrimp in the wild -- as a wild product -- is a terrible product. ",
"ja": "天然ものの野生のエビは、ひどい生産物なのです。"
} |
{
"en": "5, 10, 15 pounds of wild fish are regularly killed to bring one pound of shrimp to the market. ",
"ja": "１キロのエビを市場に出すため、天然魚が定期的に、５キロ､10キロ､15キロと犠牲になります。"
} |
{
"en": "They're also incredibly fuel inefficient to bring to the market. ",
"ja": "また市場に出回るまでの、燃料効率が物凄く悪いのです。"
} |
{
"en": "In a recent study that was produced out of Dalhousie University, it was found that dragging for shrimp is one of the most carbon-intensive ways of fishing that you can find. ",
"ja": "ダルハウジー大学の、最近の研究によると、エビの底引き網は、二酸化炭素を最も多く放出する漁法の１つです。"
} |
{
"en": "So you can farm them, and people do farm them, and they farm them a lot in this very area. ",
"ja": "誰かが養殖を始めたら、別の人も始めます。このエリアは養殖場だらけです。"
} |
{
"en": "Problem is ... ",
"ja": "問題は。"
} |
{
"en": "the place where you farm shrimp is in these wild habitats -- in mangrove forests. ",
"ja": "エビの養殖場が、天然エビの生息地のマングローブ林に、あることです。"
} |
{
"en": "Now look at those lovely roots coming down. ",
"ja": "可愛い根が、下へと伸びていますね。"
} |
{
"en": "Those are the things that hold soil together, protect coasts, create habitats for all sorts of young fish, young shrimp, all sorts of things that are important to this environment. ",
"ja": "それが土壌を堅固なものにし、沿岸を守り、稚魚やエビの幼虫の生息地を、作り出しているので、環境にとって重要なのです。"
} |
{
"en": "Well, this is what happens to a lot of coastal mangrove forests. ",
"ja": "でも、沿岸のマングローブ林の多くは、こうなりました。"
} |
{
"en": "We've lost millions of acres of coastal mangroves over the last 30 or 40 years. ",
"ja": "何百万エーカーもの沿岸の、マングローブが、ここ30-40年で失われました。"
} |
{
"en": "That rate of destruction has slowed, but we're still in a major mangrove deficit. ",
"ja": "破壊の速度は低下していますが、依然、主要なマングローブは、減少しています。"
} |
{
"en": "The other thing that's going on here is a phenomenon that the filmmaker Mark Benjamin called \"Grinding Nemo.\" ",
"ja": "ここでもう１つお話したいのが、映画監督のマーク・ベンジャミンが、「グラインディング・ニモ」と呼ぶ現象で。"
} |
{
"en": "This phenomenon is very, very relevant to anything that you've ever seen on a tropical reef. ",
"ja": "熱帯のサンゴ礁で起きたことと、非常に関連しています。"
} |
{
"en": "Because what's going on right now, we have shrimp draggers dragging for shrimp, catching a huge amount of bycatch, that bycatch in turn gets ground up and turned into shrimp food. ",
"ja": "なぜなら、現在、エビの底引き網により、膨大な規模の混獲がおこり、外道は磨り潰されて、エビの餌になるのです。"
} |
{
"en": "And sometimes, many of these vessels -- manned by slaves -- are catching these so-called \"trash fish,\" fish that we would love to see on a reef, grinding them up and turning them into shrimp feed -- an ecosystem literally eating itself and spitting out shrimp. ",
"ja": "時々この手の大型船は、強制労働者を乗せ、雑魚と呼ばれるものまで、捕ってしまうのです。眺めていたい礁（しょう）の魚を、磨り潰し、エビの餌にします。生態系をまるごと餌にして、エビを生み出す仕組です。"
} |
{
"en": "The next most consumed seafood in America, and also throughout the West, is tuna. ",
"ja": "次に多く、アメリカや西洋諸国で、食べられているのは、マグロです。"
} |
{
"en": "So tuna is this ultimate global fish. ",
"ja": "マグロは究極の回遊魚です。"
} |
{
"en": "These huge management areas have to be observed in order for tuna to be well managed. ",
"ja": "マグロを適切に管理するために、この広大な海域を、監視しなければなりません。"
} |
{
"en": "Our own management area, called a Regional Fisheries Management Organization, is called ICCAT, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas. ",
"ja": "私たちの管理エリアは、地域漁業管理機関とも、ICCAT―、大西洋まぐろ類保存国際委員会、とも呼ばれます。"
} |
{
"en": "The great naturalist Carl Safina once called it, \"The International Conspiracy to Catch all the Tunas.\" ",
"ja": "素晴らしい自然主義者である、カール･サフィーナは、それを、「マグロを捕り尽くすための国際的な共謀」、と呼んでいます。"
} |
{
"en": "Of course we've seen incredible improvement in ICCAT in the last few years, there is total room for improvement, but it remains to be said that tuna is a global fish, and to manage it, we have to manage the globe. ",
"ja": "もちろん、ここ数年ICCATによる管理は、著しく改善しています。様々な点で改善しているのですが、マグロは回遊魚なので、管理するには、地球全体で管理しなくてはなりません。"
} |
{
"en": "Well, we could also try to grow tuna but tuna is a spectacularly bad animal for aquaculture. ",
"ja": "養殖する試みもありましたが、マグロは全く、養殖には向かないのです。"
} |
{
"en": "Many people don't know this but tuna are warm-blooded. ",
"ja": "マグロが温血魚であることは、あまり知られていません。"
} |
{
"en": "They can heat their bodies 20 degrees above ambient temperature, they can swim at over 40 miles an hour. ",
"ja": "体温は海水より高い20度で、時速65キロ以上で泳ぐことがでぎます。"
} |
{
"en": "So that pretty much eliminates all the advantages of farming a fish, right? ",
"ja": "だから、養殖には向かないことを、お分りいただけますか？。"
} |
{
"en": "A farmed fish is -- or a fish is cold-blooded, it doesn't move too much. ",
"ja": "養殖できる魚は、冷血魚で、あまり移動しない魚です。"
} |
{
"en": "That's a great thing for growing protein. ",
"ja": "タンパク源を育てるのはいいことですが。"
} |
{
"en": "But if you've got this crazy, wild creature that swims at 40 miles an hour and heats its blood -- not a great candidate for aquaculture. ",
"ja": "時速65キロで泳ぐ、暴れん坊で、野生の魚—、しかも温血魚であるマグロは、養殖の適切な候補ではありません。"
} |
{
"en": "The next creature -- most consumed seafood in America and throughout the West -- is salmon. ",
"ja": "次の魚は、アメリカや西欧諸国で、一番食べられている、鮭です。"
} |
{
"en": "Now salmon got its plundering, too, but it didn't really necessarily happen through fishing. ",
"ja": "鮭も生息地を奪われていますが、必ずしも漁業によって、ではありません。"
} |
{
"en": "This is my home state of Connecticut. ",
"ja": "これは私の故郷の、コネティカット州ですが。"
} |
{
"en": "Connecticut used to be home to a lot of wild salmon. ",
"ja": "以前は天然の鮭が、多く生息していました。"
} |
{
"en": "But if you look at this map of Connecticut, every dot on that map is a dam. ",
"ja": "でも、この地図を見てください、点はすべてダムです。"
} |
{
"en": "There are over 3,000 dams in the state of Connecticut. ",
"ja": "コネティカット州には、３千以上のダムがあります。"
} |
{
"en": "I often say this is why people in Connecticut are so uptight -- (Laughter) If somebody could just unblock Connecticut's chi, I feel that we could have an infinitely better world. ",
"ja": "これが住民をイライラさせ保守的にさせる、原因だと私はいつも言っています。（笑）、コネティカット州の、「気」の流れをよくすれば、物凄く住みやすくなると、思います。"
} |
{
"en": "But I made this particular comment at a convention once of national parks officers, and this guy from North Carolina sidled up to me, he says, \"You know, you oughtn't be so hard on your Connecticut, cause we here in North Carolina, we got 35,000 dams.\" ",
"ja": "以前、ある会議の場で、国立公園の職員に私がこういうと、ノースカロライナ州出身の彼は、私の側に来て言うのです。「コネティカット州のことで、ムキになりすぎてるよ、ノースカロライナ州には、３万５千のダムがあるんだよ」。"
} |
{
"en": "So it's a national epidemic, it's an international epidemic. ",
"ja": "ダムは国中に、いや、世界中に乱立しています。"
} |
{
"en": "And there are dams everywhere, and these are precisely the things that stop wild salmon from reaching their spawning grounds. ",
"ja": "ダムがどこにでもあり、これが産卵のために、川を遡る天然の鮭を、邪魔しているのです。"
} |
{
"en": "So as a result, we've turned to aquaculture, and salmon is one the most successful, at least from a numbers point of view. ",
"ja": "だから、養殖したのです。鮭は様々な点で、最も養殖に成功した魚です。"
} |
{
"en": "When they first started farming salmon, it could take as many as six pounds of wild fish to make a single pound of salmon. ",
"ja": "最初に鮭の養殖が始められた頃、餌となる６キロの天然魚が、１キロの鮭の養殖には必要でした。"
} |
{
"en": "The industry has, to its credit, greatly improved. ",
"ja": "業界の名誉のために言うと、かなり進歩したので。"
} |
{
"en": "They've gotten it below two to one, although it's a little bit of a cheat because if you look at the way aquaculture feed is produced, they're measuring pellets -- pounds of pellets per pound of salmon. ",
"ja": "２対１を下回っています。ただ少し誤魔化しもあり、養殖の餌を製造する所では、ペレットを計量しており、１キロの鮭には、何ポンドものペレットを与えます。"
} |
{
"en": "Those pellets are in turn reduced fish. ",
"ja": "このペレットも同様に、魚の量を減らすものです。"
} |
{
"en": "So the actual -- what's called the FIFO, the fish in and the fish out -- kind of hard to say. ",
"ja": "結局、魚を投入して魚を得る、略して、FIFO、です。言いにくい言葉ですね。"
} |
{
"en": "But in any case, credit to the industry, it has lowered the amount of fish per pound of salmon. ",
"ja": "しかし、いずれにせよ、業界の名誉のために言うと、鮭１キロに対する、餌となる魚の量を減らしています。"
} |
{
"en": "Problem is we've also gone crazy with the amount of salmon that we're producing. ",
"ja": "ここでの問題は、鮭の養殖高が激増していることです。"
} |
{
"en": "Aquaculture is the fastest growing food system on the planet. ",
"ja": "養殖は地球上で最も成長している、食料システムです。"
} |
{
"en": "It's growing at something like seven percent per year. ",
"ja": "年間７％程度で成長しています。"
} |
{
"en": "And so even though we're doing less per fish to bring it to the market, we're still killing a lot of these little fish. ",
"ja": "市場に出すまでの、餌となる魚の量を、減らそうとしていますが、それでも、大量の小魚を捕獲しています。"
} |
{
"en": "And it's not just fish that we're feeding fish to, we're also feeding fish to chickens and pigs. ",
"ja": "魚の餌になるのは、魚だけではありません。鶏や豚も魚の餌になります。"
} |
{
"en": "So we've got chickens and they're eating fish, but weirdly, we also have fish that are eating chickens. ",
"ja": "我々は鶏を、そして鶏は魚を食べますが、奇妙なことに、我々は、鶏を食べる魚を食べるのです。"
} |
{
"en": "Because the byproducts of chickens -- feathers, blood, bone -- get ground up and fed to fish. ",
"ja": "鶏肉以外の羽や血や骨は、磨り潰され、魚の餌になります。"
} |
{
"en": "So I often wonder, is there a fish that ate a chicken that ate a fish? ",
"ja": "よくこう思います。「魚を食べる鶏を、食べる魚がいるのだろうか？」。"
} |
{
"en": "It's sort of a reworking of the chicken and egg thing. Anyway -- (Laughter) All together, though, it results in a terrible mess. ",
"ja": "「卵が先か、鶏が先か」に、似ています。（笑）、すべてが、物凄く入り乱れているのです。"
} |
{
"en": "What you're talking about is something between 20 and 30 million metric tons of wild creatures that are taken from the ocean and used and ground up. ",
"ja": "お伝えしたいのは、２～３千万トンの天然魚が、水揚げされ、磨り潰されていることです。"
} |
{
"en": "That's the equivalent of a third of a China, or of an entire United States of humans that's taken out of the sea each and every year. ",
"ja": "この量は中国人全体の体重の３分の１、あるいは、アメリカ人全体の体重に相当する量が、毎年水揚げされていることになります。"
} |
{
"en": "The last of the four is a kind of amorphous thing. ",
"ja": "最後の４つ目の魚は特定の魚を、指してはいませんが。"
} |
{
"en": "It's what the industry calls \"whitefish.\" ",
"ja": "業界でホワイトフィッシュと、呼ばれる魚のことです。"
} |
{
"en": "There are many fish that get cycled into this whitefish thing but the way to kind of tell the story, I think, is through that classic piece of American culinary innovation, the Filet-O-Fish sandwich. ",
"ja": "多くの魚が、このホワイトフィッシュに入ります。これには、アメリカの伝統的な食に、革命をおこした、フィレオフィッシュが、関係していると思います。"
} |
{
"en": "So the Filet-O-Fish sandwich actually started as halibut. ",
"ja": "フィレオフィッシュは、オヒョウを使って始まりました。"
} |
{
"en": "And it started because a local franchise owner found that when he served his McDonald's on Friday, nobody came. ",
"ja": "ある地域の、フランチャイズのオーナーが、金曜日になるとマクドナルドに、客が来ないことに気付きました。"
} |
{
"en": "Because it was a Catholic community, they needed fish. ",
"ja": "カトリックのコミュニティなので、金曜は魚の日でした。"
} |
{
"en": "So he went to Ray Kroc and he said, \"I'm going to bring you a fish sandwich, going to be made out of halibut.\" ",
"ja": "彼はレイ・クロックに、会いに行き、「オヒョウでバーガーを作って持ってくるよ」、と言うと。"
} |
{
"en": "Ray Kroc said, \"I don't think it's going to work. ",
"ja": "レイ・クロックは、「うまく行くとは思えない。"
} |
{
"en": "I want to do a Hula Burger, and there's going to be a slice of pineapple on a bun. ",
"ja": "パンにスライスした、パイナップルを挟んだ、フラ・バーガーならどうだ？。"
} |
{
"en": "But let's do this, let's have a bet. ",
"ja": "どちらが売れるか賭けをしよう。"
} |
{
"en": "Whosever sandwich sells more, that will be the winning sandwich.\" ",
"ja": "多く売った方を勝ちとしよう」、と言いました。"
} |
{
"en": "Well, it's kind of sad for the ocean that the Hula Burger didn't win. ",
"ja": "海の魚にとって残念なことに、フラ・バーガーが負けたのです。"
} |
{
"en": "So he made his halibut sandwich. ",
"ja": "レイはオヒョウでバーガーを作りました。"
} |
{
"en": "Unfortunately though, the sandwich came in at 30 cents. ",
"ja": "残念ながら仕入れに、30セント掛かったので。"
} |
{
"en": "Ray wanted the sandwich to come in at 25 cents, so he turned to Atlantic cod. ",
"ja": "25セントにしようと思い、レイはタイセイヨウダラに、着目しました。"
} |
{
"en": "We all know what happened to Atlantic cod in New England. ",
"ja": "ニューイングランドのタイセイヨウダラが、どうなったかご存知ですね。"
} |
{
"en": "So now the Filet-O-Fish sandwich is made out of Alaska pollock, it's the largest fin fish fishery in the United States, 2 to 3 billion pounds of fish taken out of the sea every single year. ",
"ja": "現在はフィレオフィッシュは、スケトウダラで作られています。アメリカで一番捕られている魚で、年間100-150万トンが、水揚げされています。"
} |
{
"en": "If we go through the pollock, the next choice is probably going to be tilapia. ",
"ja": "スケトウダラを捕り尽くしたら、次の候補はテラピアでしょう。"
} |
{
"en": "Tilapia is one of those fish nobody ever heard of 20 years ago. ",
"ja": "テラピアは20年前には、無名の魚の１つでした。"
} |
{
"en": "It's actually a very efficient converter of plant protein into animal protein, and it's been a godsend to the third world. ",
"ja": "植物性タンパク質を、効率良く動物性タンパク質に変えます。第三世界にとっては、天の恵みであり。"
} |
{
"en": "It's actually a tremendously sustainable solution, it goes from an egg to an adult in nine months. ",
"ja": "実際、非常に持続可能な、解決策です。孵化して９か月で成魚になります。"
} |
{
"en": "The problem is that when you look about the West, it doesn't do what the West wants it to do. ",
"ja": "西洋人にとっては問題があります。西洋人が求めるものが欠けています。"
} |
{
"en": "It really doesn't have what's called an oily fish profile. ",
"ja": "テラピアは、脂っこい魚ではありません。"
} |
{
"en": "It doesn't have the EPA and DHA omega-3s that we all think are going to make us live forever. ",
"ja": "長寿の源とされる、EPAやDHAオメガ３を含んでいません。"
} |
{
"en": "So what do we do? ",
"ja": "どうすればいいのでしょうか？。"
} |
{
"en": "I mean, first of all, what about this poor fish, the clupeids? ",
"ja": "まず可哀相なクルーペイド(ニシン科の魚)は、どうでしょうか？。"
} |
{
"en": "The fish that represent a huge part of that 20 to 30 million metric tons. ",
"ja": "クルーペイドは先ほど申し上げた、２－３千万トンの水揚量を多くを占めています。"
} |
{
"en": "Well, one possibility that a lot of conservationists have raised is could we eat them? ",
"ja": "多くの自然保護論者が、論じてきたのは、「食べられるのか？。"
} |
{
"en": "Could we eat them directly instead of feeding them to salmon? ",
"ja": "鮭の餌にするのではなく、そのまま食べてはどうか？」です。"
} |
{
"en": "There are arguments for it. ",
"ja": "支持する論点があります。"
} |
{
"en": "They are tremendously fuel efficient to bring to market, a fraction of the fuel cost of say, shrimp, and at the very top of the carbon efficiency scale. ",
"ja": "クルーペイドは市場に出すまでの、燃料効率は非常に良いのです。エビに比べ燃料費はほんのわずかで、炭素の排出量も、一番低い部類に入ります。"
} |
{
"en": "They also are omega-3 rich, a great source for EPA and DHA. ",
"ja": "オメガ３の元となるEPAやDHAを、豊富に含んでいるので。"
} |
{
"en": "So that is a potential. ",
"ja": "有力な候補となります。"
} |
{
"en": "And if we were to go down that route what I would say is, instead of paying a few bucks a pound -- or a few bucks a ton, really -- and making it into aquafeed, could we halve the catch and double the price for the fishermen and make that our way of treating these particular fish? ",
"ja": "突き詰めるとこうなります。１キロに数百円、または１トンに数百円払って、養殖の餌にするのではなく、漁獲高を半分に減らして、漁師のために価格を倍にすることで、こういう特定の魚の処遇を、変えられないでしょうか？。"
} |
{
"en": "Other possibility though, which is much more interesting, is looking at bivalves, particularly mussels. ",
"ja": "ずっと面白い別の可能性は、二枚貝のムールガイです。"
} |
{
"en": "Now, mussels are very high in EPA and DHA, they're similar to canned tuna. ",
"ja": "ムールガイはEPAやDHAを豊富に含み、缶詰めしたツナと似ています。"
} |
{
"en": "They're also extremely fuel efficient. ",
"ja": "これも燃料効率が非常に良く。"
} |
{
"en": "To bring a pound of mussels to market is about a thirtieth of the carbon as required to bring beef to market. ",
"ja": "１キロを市場に出すのにかかる炭素は、牛を市場に出すのにかかる、炭素の30分の1程度です。"
} |
{
"en": "They require no forage fish, they actually get their omega-3s by filtering the water of microalgae. ",
"ja": "飼料となる魚を必要としません。微細藻類を含む海水を濾過して、オメガ３を得ています。"
} |
{
"en": "In fact, that's where omega-3s come from, they don't come from fish. ",
"ja": "事実、魚からでなく、微細藻類からオメガ３を得ます。"
} |
{
"en": "Microalgae make the omega-3s, they're only bioconcentrated in fish. ",
"ja": "微細藻類がオメガ３を作り、魚の体内で凝縮されるだけなのです。"
} |
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