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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 72d687b1-942c-421b-9ba3-e6bc9312161e | [{'content': 'Cleft lip is due to non-union of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary process with MNP, B. MNP - LNP, C. MNP - MNP, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 4bfec2de-e6e7-41c6-bbe9-3dc864f9d719 | [{'content': 'Sickle cell anemia is a - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gene deletion, B. Gene modification, C. Point mutation, D. Frame shift mutation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- c- point mutation.Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the b-globin chain of hemoglobin, causing the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid to be replaced with the hydrophobic amino acid valine at the sixth position.It is caused by a point mutation (Base substitution mutation) at the sixth position of the b-globin chain leading to subsitution of a valine residue for a glutamic acid residue resulting in sickle hemoglobin (HbS).Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | a18a805c-102a-4493-9a14-9fef1f17862f | [{'content': 'All are true about widal test except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Base lines differ depending on the endemicity of the disease, B. O antibodies last longer and hence is not indicative of recent infection, C. H antigen cannot differentiate between subtypes, D. High titre value in a single widal test is not confirmative', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Surgery | cb8ad6b2-009b-443e-9237-85b46e3a87a5 | [{'content': "What is the name of the given instrument, used for harvesting the graft from healthy area in split thickness skin graft? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dermatome, B. Silver's knife, C. Catlin amputating knife, D. Humby knife", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Humby Knife A knife with a roller attached, used for cutting skin grafts of varying thickness The distance between the roller and blade of knife can be varied by means of a calibration device.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 56176afa-3442-46be-9cdc-c8e569a72d04 | [{'content': 'A person working in an abattoir presented with a papule on hand, which turned in to an ulcer. Which will best help in diagnosis \nSelect and explain. \nA. Polychrome Methylene blue, B. Carbol Fuschin, C. Acid Fast Stain, D. Calcoflour White', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 6e9406e3-faad-4e92-b1e5-3b21190db3d8 | [{'content': 'A midwife at a PHC did per vaginal examination of a women in labor with 8 cm cervical dilation and 70% cervical effacement with the fetal head at +1 station. This +1 station implies the position of fetal head is- \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 cm above the ischial spine, B. 1 cm below the ischial spine, C. At the level of ischial spine, D. 1 cm below the cervical os', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer-B. 1 cm below the ischial spineStation describes descent of the fetal biparietal diameter in relation to a line drawn between maternal ischial spines. Thus+1 station implies fetal head is 1 cm below the ischial spine.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 7a4da866-2f41-4510-aa28-0dabdf6d0d38 | [{'content': 'High content of cholesterol is present in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Coconut oil, B. Egg yolk, C. Hydrogenated fat, D. Ghee (unsaturated)', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 24a53b0f-d1b7-4ef8-8b9c-1d3b857aa413 | [{'content': 'Tooth with smallest root \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular central incisor, B. Mandibular lateral incisor, C. Maxillary lateral incisor, D. Maxillary 1st premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7ddf1f3b-5c7c-4f2d-b208-f01ea72e1a70 | [{'content': 'The function of a sprue is to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Form an opening for molten metal to enter the mold, B. Help polish cast restorations, C. Eliminate air bubbles on the wax pattern, D. Reproduce fine detail', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d8178128-49db-4790-aa08-7c49e8e7ad5f | [{'content': 'Access cavity of mandibular 1st molar is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oval, B. Rounded triangle, C. Rhomboid, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: 1st choice for access cavity preparation in mandibular 1st molar is trapezoidal.\n2nd choice is rounded\xa0triangle.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e9f104f9-2231-4a49-b5a6-983ca6e08c49 | [{'content': 'A pier abutment is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Periodontally weak abutment, B. With an edentulous space on mesial and distal sides of the abutment, C. Edentulous space on one side of the abutment, D. Abutment adjacent to edentulous space', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 2902efec-b01a-417c-94b9-406e94662f27 | [{'content': 'According to the new RNTCP guidelines, the following is not a suspect of tuberculosis \nSelect and explain. \nA. Confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with cough of 2 weeks or more, B. HIV-positive patient with cough of any duration, C. Contacts of sputum positive tuberculosis patient with cough of any duration, D. Any individual having cough of duration 2 weeks or more', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient with cough of 2 weeks or more(Ref: Park 24/e p188-189, 23/e p178: 22/e p 168; htip://tbcindia.nic.in)A contact of confirmed extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patient - TB suspect.If persistent cough of any duration (2 weeks is not required).TB suspects:Pulmonary TB Suspect:Defined as:Any individual having cough of >2 weeks.Contacts of smear positive TB patients having cough of any duration.Suspected/confirmed extra-pulmonary TB patient having cough of any duration.HIV-positive patient having cough of any duration.MDR-TB Suspect:Any TB patient who fails an RNTCP Category failing I or III treatment regimen.Any RNTCP Category II patient with sputum smear positive at end of 4th month of treatment or later.Close contacts of MDR-TB patients with smear positive pulmonary TB.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 6d426ea7-e119-4b5f-be99-1e36084c332c | [{'content': 'All are topical hemostatic agents except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bone wax & patty, B. HemCon bandage, C. Quikclot, D. Fixclot', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. Fixclot Topical hemostatic agents are used when surgical hemostasis is inadequate or impractical. The majority of routine, elective operations are performed in patients with normal hemostasis and with minimal blood loss.The two main categories of topical hemostatic agents are physical agents, which promote hemostasis using a passive substrate, and biologically active agents, which enhance coagulation at the bleeding site', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e21be124-85de-4313-bc26-ff82218fce73 | [{'content': 'Which of the following pulp horn of primary molar is commonly exposed during restorative procedures: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mesiobuccal puplhorn of 1st molars., B. Distobuccal pulp horn of 1st molars., C. Mesiobuccal pulp horn of 2nd molars., D. Distobuccal pulp horn of 2nd molars.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The mesiobuccal pulphorn of permanent maxillary 1st molar is commonly exposed during cavity preparation.\nMesiolingual pulphorn of permanent mandibular 1st molar is commonly exposed during cavity preparation.\nMesiobuccal pulphorn of primary 1st molars is commonly exposed during restorative procedures on primary molars.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 70069985-3660-4a24-b55c-c689592bc9a3 | [{'content': 'Rate of Dentinal fluid permeability depends on all except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Temperature variation, B. Pressure gradient across dentinal tubule, C. Increase viscosity of dentinal fluid, D. Rate of removal of substances by blood vessels', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 45d2b684-c55a-400b-ab09-76ee3a9ba64b | [{'content': 'Extraction of disto-angular impaction of mandibular 3rd molar can cause: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Slippage in lingual pouch, B. # of ramus of mandible, C. Excessive Haemorrhage, D. Dry socket', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 1b18ac4d-8101-48f1-bcc9-b53391c550ab | [{'content': 'Acetazolamide is given to a patient of angle closure glaucoma. It is a non- competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Which of the following should be the effect of this drug? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decrease in Vmax, B. Decrease in Km, C. Decrease in both Km and Vmax, D. No change in Vmax', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Enzyme inhibition is of 3 types: Type of inhibition Km Vmax Competitive inhibition Increases No change Non competitive inhibition No change Decreases Uncompetitive inhibition Decreases Decreases In question non competitive inhibitor is given, so answer is decrease in Vmax.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 535bf03d-8714-46a8-84a0-13bf499129f7 | [{'content': "Which of the following does not require 5'capping? \nSelect and explain. \nA. tRNA of alanine, B. mRNA for histone, C. U6 snRNA, D. siRNA", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. tRNA of alanineSmall nuclear RNAs contain a unique 5'-caps. Sm-class snRNAs are found with 5'-trimethylguanosine caps, while Lsm-class snRNAs are found with S'-monomethyl phosphate caps.mRNAs do have a 7-methylguanylate cap, abbreted m7G.tRNAs and rRNAs don't require 5' capping. They have other modifications.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 965fa6a2-969e-4b51-bdb7-934a02c809f6 | [{'content': "Peau d'orange in carcinoma breast is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Obstruction of sub-dermal lymphatics, B. Infiltration of Cooper's ligament, C. Hematogenous dissemination, D. Hematogenous dissemination", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Obstruction of sub-dermal lymphaticsPeau-d-orange is due to cutaneous lymphatic edema.Caused by obstruction of subdermal lymphatics. As the disease advances locally there may be skin involvement with peau d'orange or frank ulceration and fixation to the chest wall. This is described as cancer-en-cuirasse when the disease progresses around the chest wall.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 90c2699f-da32-4a4a-ade8-afc27e0cba3e | [{'content': 'True about adult polycystic kidney disease is all, except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Autosomal dominant inheritance, B. Hypertension is rare, C. Can be associated with cysts in liver, lungs and pancreas, D. Pyelonephritis is common', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Hypertension is common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. It is present in 75% of adult patients and 25% of children.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 59ade17d-2139-4c4b-b0b5-ec6d6cf3c073 | [{'content': 'Propranolol is drug of choice for - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ulcerated infantile hemangioma, B. Lymphangioma, C. Pyogenic granuloma, D. Capillary malformation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. Ulcerated infantile hemangiomaRef: <a href=" hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign pediatric soft-tissue tumors.</li>Ulceration--the most frequent complication of IH--tends to heal poorly and is associated with pain, bleeding, infection, and scarring.Mainstay treatment modalities include propranolol (b-blocker) and coicosteroids, whose effectiveness is countered by a need for long-term medication and risk of systemic adverse effects and ulcer recurrence.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | a28aea2d-6784-4a02-bd4c-90cb24e64c77 | [{'content': 'During pregnancy baby can be affected in utero in all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Candida, B. Syphilis, C. Toxoplasmosis, D. Polio', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: In case of polio only feco-oral transmission is known, no placental transmission has been reported yet\nAll other disease mentioned may be transmitted to fetus by mother\nI am in doubt about candida, because although congenital candidiasis can occur, the mode of transmission is not transplacental but ascending infection from external genitals of mother or during parturition.\nBut as far as the answer is concerned it is undoubtedly “POLIO”.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 8a85e4e4-e42b-41a9-87e2-6f8e7105262c | [{'content': 'Long term assessment of glucose control can be made by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Estimation of post prandial blood sugar, B. Estimation of fasting blood sugar, C. Estimation of urine sugar level, D. Estimation of blood level of glycosylated hemoglobin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 82e0c97f-b421-4836-a0ec-602fb1045910 | [{'content': "Mosaic pattern of bone is seen in radiographic features of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibrous dysplasia, B. Paget's disease, C. Osteopetrosis, D. Osteogenesis imperfecta", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a2a5e8a4-ab54-45c1-b50b-5cd81d4f5af8 | [{'content': 'Fourth generation meth-acrylate based resin sealer include? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endorez, B. Resilon, C. Hydron, D. Real Seal E', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | e45de5c9-41f3-4aed-a77a-9a1cc3ee63db | [{'content': 'Maternal moality ratio expressed in:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maternal death per 10,000 lives, B. Maternal death per 100,000 lives, C. Maternal death per 1,000,000 lives, D. Maternal death per 100 lives', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 698d05f7-bd3d-4df6-a17f-e78e207ff835 | [{'content': 'Which induction anaesthetic agent has antiemetic effect? \nSelect and explain. \nA. etomidate, B. propofol, C. thiopentone, D. ketamine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 9a5e8865-e37c-41af-a902-1c10423dbdd4 | [{'content': 'A 10 year old boy following a road traffic accident presents to the casualty with contaminated wound over the left leg. He has received his com- plete primary immunization before preschool age and received a booster of DT at school entry age. All of following can be done except : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Injection of TT, B. Injection of human antiserum, C. Broad spectrum antibiotics, D. Wound debridement and cleaning', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 148f5ca1-0e61-4e4a-a19a-47df89cb1689 | [{'content': 'In Myocardial infarction, the major pathology is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ischemia caused by dynamic obstruction of a coronary artery., B. Myocardial necrosis caused by acute occlusion of a coronary artery., C. Ischemia due to fixed atheromatous stenosis of one or more coronal artery., D. Altered conduction due to ischemia or infarction.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dee8c0a8-bcc0-4f67-815f-4a7b1c0963bc | [{'content': 'Localized Juvenile Periodontitis- primary pathogen is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans, B. Prevotella intermedia, C. Mycoplasma, D. all the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 8b42e1df-196b-4d7a-bbd7-39fe76dee239 | [{'content': 'A male child with Fanconi syndrome with nephrocalcinosis has a variant of dent disease. All are true except : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypercalciuria, B. Proteinuria, C. Similar presentation in father, D. Rickets', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Dent's disease :\n\nDent's disease, a familial proximal tubular syndrome, is an X-linked recessive disorder of proximal tubules characterized by :\n\n\nHypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis.\nLow-molecular-weight proteinuria.\nMetabolic bone disease/Rickets.\nProgressive renal failure.\nMarked inale predominance.\n\n\nIn addition to above features, other renal proximal tubular defect can cause:\n\n(i) Fanconi syndrome (Aminoaciduria, proteinuria, phosphaturia).\n(i) Glycosuria, uricosuria and kalliuresis.\n(iii) Impaired urinary acidification.\n\nDent's disease occurs due to mutations that inactivate a voltage-gated chloride transporter, CLC-.5. In some cases, it is associated with mutations in the OCRL-1 gene that is also mutated in the oculocerebral syndrome of Lowe. Coming back to question.\nDent's disease is an X-linked renal tubular disorder.\n\n\nX-linked disease cannot be transmitted from male to male i.e., from father to son.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 46f87e87-5b3e-465d-ae94-bd65b5f333c2 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not involved in blood clotting? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calcium, B. Prothrombin, C. Fibrinogen, D. Fe+2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2020, Subject name: Biochemistry | e62b12e5-0a92-44d3-95b0-33bbf59bd891 | [{'content': 'DNA Methylation is not related with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mismatch repair, B. DNA Replication, C. Gene silencing, D. Capping', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Capping of mRNA in eukaryotes: 7-Methyl Guanosine cap is added at the 5' end of mRNA by enzyme Guanylyl Transferase. So, this is RNA methylation, not DNA. DNA methylation Epigenetic mechanism Transfer of methyl group to C5 position of cytosine to form 5-methyl cytosine. DNA replication Dnmt (DNA methyl transferases) during DNA replication to copy DNA methylation pattern from parental strand to daughter strand Mismatch repair -Identify parent strand with help of CH3", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2ef6a0de-c83f-461e-93c9-88f38320bf5e | [{'content': 'While preparing a Class II cavity on a maxillary first molar which of the pulp horns are likely to get exposed: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mesiolingual and mesiobuccal, B. Distolingual and distobuccal, C. Mesiolingual and distobuccal, D. Distolingual and mesiobuccal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d3629a0f-c519-46c6-bb27-a33adc0ac0fc | [{'content': 'Additional period required for enamel calcification after eruption into oral cavity \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 yr, B. 2 yr, C. 3 yr, D. 4 yr', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 8b72fc76-d0bf-4cd2-b7dc-05d030560c52 | [{'content': 'All are Gp lIbilIla inhibitors except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prasugrel, B. Abciximab, C. Tirofiban, D. Eptifibatide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Prasugrel(Ref Goodman Gilman 13/e p595, 12/e p870; Katzung 13/e p595, 12Ie p612; KDT 7/e p631)Prasugrel reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting the ADP pathway of platelets. It irreversibly blocks the ADP receptor on platelets.Targets for platelet inhibitory drugs:Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (aspirin).Inhibition of ADP- induced platelet aggregation (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine).Blockade of glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa receptors on platelets (abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide). Dipyridamole & cilostazol - Additional antiplatelet drugs.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 044e8f11-ca21-4220-9ddc-0fca648ed401 | [{'content': 'The active principle of white oleander is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nicotine, B. Nerin, C. Abrine, D. Pilocarpine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. NerinNerium odorum (white oleander, kanero) grows wild in India.. Seed pod is slim, cylindrical, ribbed, up to l5 cm. long, tums brown, dries and splits, releasing small seeds tipped withbrown hair.. All pas of the plant including nectar are poisonousq.. It contains several cardiac glycosides, primarily:- Oleandrosidee (Oleandrin) and Nerioside (Nerin), both of which resembles digitalis in action- Folinerin- Rosagenin', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 743b8121-1201-4592-a552-25cad3198d07 | [{'content': 'The yellowish white soft sticky deposit loosely adherent\npresent on tooth surface is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Materia alba, B. Food debris, C. Plaque, D. Calculus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 55093e71-8916-4f25-9524-9425d51455e1 | [{'content': 'A term gestation newborn developed respiratory distress. Which of the following would favour Respiratory distress syndrome (HIVID) ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. History of receiving antenatal corticosteroids, B. Air bronchogram on chest x–ray, C. Onset of distress after 6 hours of birth, D. Term birth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: chest x-ray of an infant with RDS is characterized by atelectasis, air bronchograms, and a diffuse reticular-granular pattern commonly referred to as "ground glass". The chest x-ray may progress to a complete "white out" with severe disease.\nAbout other options\n\nAntenatal corticosteroids are given in pre-term (pre-mature) pregnancies not in term pregnancies. Further, antenatal corticosteroids are given to prevent RDS (HMD) --> after antenatal corticosteroids administration, risk of HMD is reduced.\nRespiratory distress occurs within first 6 hours.\nHMD occurs in pre-term neonate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 4d39dabb-c57f-4a2d-a979-fd4347773e76 | [{'content': '‘Fleur -de- lys’ term is used for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dens invaginatus, B. Denticle, C. Odontome, D. Supernumerary tooth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 80066b5e-d621-4912-b7fd-f1e867a9c8d4 | [{'content': 'Renal feed for CKD patients- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low calorie low volume, B. Low calorie high volume, C. High calorie low volume, D. High calorie high volume', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. High calorie low volumeLimiting fluids, eating a low-protein diet, limiting salt, potassium, phosphorous, and other electrolytes, and getting enough calories if you are losing weight.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 34f8fb1a-a365-40d0-a804-6b061a9a04f5 | [{'content': 'Point used as termination of Root canal procedure is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Apical constriction, B. Apical foramen, C. Both, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 3c667386-1965-43cd-bbf5-5c573cd2403b | [{'content': 'Kwashiorkar , true is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Deficiency of protein with sufficient calorie intake, B. Occurs in children between 6 months and 3 years of age, C. Subcutaneous fat preserved but atrophy of different tissues, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a9dccfec-0882-4012-aa1b-e74bb18bf47e | [{'content': 'Lenolin is added in ZOE paste to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decrease flow, B. Increase flow, C. Accelerate reaction, D. Decrease irritation due to eugenol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8a8401da-6bcd-46d5-bf27-72371291311e | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not transmitted by lice \nSelect and explain. \nA. Q fever, B. Trench fever, C. Relapsing fever, D. Epidemic typhus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | b9d0ecb7-910b-4740-a744-5e7fa0780a3e | [{'content': 'What will be the oxygen carrying capacity of an 18-year-old patient with a hemoglobin of 14 g/dL? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 7, B. 14, C. 18, D. 28', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. 18Each gram of hemoglobin can bind with a maximum of 1.34 milliliters of oxygen (1.39 milliliters when the hemoglobin is chemically pure, but impurities such as methemoglobin reduce this).Here, Hb = 14.Hence, oxygen carrying capacity: l.34 x 14 = 18 mLO2/dL', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2ede6af0-7501-44aa-aa19-39afbe3cf71f | [{'content': 'All the following muscles of larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cricohyoid, B. Cricothyroid, C. Arytenoid, D. Aryepiglotticus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 179b5138-d8ce-4e02-9445-ada73b642671 | [{'content': "Which of the following techniques is based on RNA? \nSelect and explain. \nA. PCR, B. Sanger's technique, C. Next generation sequencing, D. Western blot", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. PCRReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (-PCR) It is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).It is primarily used to measure the amount of a specific RNA. This is achieved by monitoring the amplification reaction using fluorescence, a technique called real-time PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR). Combined -PCR and qPCR are routinely used for the analysis of gene expression and quantification of viral RNA in research and clinical settings.A method used to quantitate mRNA levels that rely upon the first step of cDNA copying of mRNAs catalyzed by reverse transcriptase before PCR amplification and quantitation. Sanger sequencing,Also known as the chain termination method, is a technique for DNA sequencing-based upon the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.Next-generation sequencing:Modified methods of genome sequencing. It has significantly reduced the cost and time taken for whole-genome sequencing.It is a technique similar to Sanger sequencing, done on DNA', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | c70d078e-2a95-4779-b8d5-6050a5b58394 | [{'content': 'Minimum concentration of oxygen needed in NO analgesia \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10%, B. 20%, C. 30%, D. 40%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d2dd3a90-bed4-4897-ab87-50fef0041b29 | [{'content': 'In rheumatoid arthritis there is inflammation of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cartilage, B. Synovial membrane, C. Sclerosis of joints, D. Articular bone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 991ff4a7-4adc-4136-854d-b6c007d5d1be | [{'content': 'Winged rubber dam retainer in endodontics advantages are all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Radiographs are good showing full length of canals, B. Stability, C. Provide extra bucco-lingual retraction, D. Dam, clamp and frame placed in one operation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | da80560b-dc14-4a57-ba81-cee414172692 | [{'content': 'A 11-year-old child comes to the dental office one hour\nafter injury to a maxillary central incisor. The tooth is\nvital and\tslightly\tmobile.\tRadiographic\texamination\nreveals a fracture at the apical third of the root. What is\nthe best treatment at this point of time: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Render palliative therapy, B. Extract the tooth, C. Relieve the occlusion and splint the tooth, D. Perform immediate root canal treatment and splint', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 76e1d3a2-90b6-4735-be99-004263456619 | [{'content': 'Resistance form of endodontics is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Resists movement of gutta-percha in apical area, B. To allow use of spreader in lateral condensation, C. Fracture of root while vertical condensation, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | a7e312f2-177e-4acf-9ac9-f68f6cb484ea | [{'content': 'Antibody in chronic allergy ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. IgM, B. IgA, C. IgG, D. IgE', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D- IgEWhen someone has allergies, their immune system makes an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies respond to allergens. The symptoms that result are an allergic reaction.IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, most types of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and specific types of chronic uicaria and atopic dermatitis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 45ea4d89-40f7-42af-8f94-b4dc1e9a5466 | [{'content': 'While assessing the efficacy of a newly developed drug in comparison to placebo, the 95% confidence interval in clinical trials is used to check for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Efficacy of the drug, B. Non-efficacy of the drug, C. Both efficacy and non-efficacy of the drug, D. Either efficacy or non-efficacy of the drug', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- a (efficacy of the drug)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9ce14fee-cf4f-4066-b94f-361bd7165049 | [{'content': "Which material is the most difficult to remove from the patient's mouth? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metallic oxide paste, B. Silicone impression material, C. Reversible hydrocolloid, D. Impression plaster", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: In dentistry, zinc oxide eugenol is popular as an impression material for making impressions of edentulous arches for the construction of\xa0complete dentures. It is classified as a rigid, irreversible impression material. It cannot be used for recording impressions of dentate arches and in areas of severe undercuts.\nMannapalli ed 3 page no 166', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 206f23c8-9973-48b9-9f26-2601d4d61e25 | [{'content': 'Main cause of RPD failure is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Improper clasp design, B. Insufficient contact of teeth, C. Insufficient contact of teeth and improper clasp design, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | ad195e5d-7f52-42cc-a183-b05e3181d0ab | [{'content': 'A 40 years old female presented with acute onset shoness of breath. She has a history of nephrotic syndrome 1 year back and recent prolonged air travel. She has a BP of 90/60 mm Hg, hea rate of 115 per minute and sinus tachycardia on ECG. A 2-D echocardiogram revealed dilation of right ventricle with bulging of the interventricular septum to the left. What will be the primary treatment modality? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thrombectomy, B. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, C. Unfractionated heparin, D. d. IVC filter', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1634-1636, 18/2170-2177)Findings indicate patient most probably suffering from massive pulmonary embolism.Management of Massive Pulmonary Embolism:For patients with massive PE & hypotension, replete volume with 500 mL of normal saline.Additional fluid should be infused with extreme caution-Due to excessive fluid administration exacerbates RV wall stress a more profound RV ischemia & worsens LV compliance and filling.Dopamine & dobutamine - 1st line inotropic agents for PE-related shock treatment.Fibrinolysis in Massive Pulmonary Embolism:Preferred fibrinolytic regimen: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).Contraindications: Intracranial disease, recent surgery & trauma.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2b1e65d8-098f-4bf9-9511-aa5f87b0af89 | [{'content': 'In multirooted teeth, formation of multiple roots is due to presence of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Epithelial diaphragm, B. Cell rests of Malassez, C. Toot bud division or bell stage, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Prior to beginning of root formation, the HERS forms epithelial diaphragm. The outer and the inner enamel epithelia bend at the future cementoenamel junction into a horizontal plane, narrowing the wide cervical opening of the tooth germ. Differential growth of the epithelial diaphragm in the multi rooted teeth causes the root trunk into two or three roots.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1163160d-9432-4143-98af-ef59704fc876 | [{'content': 'In Down syndrome patient, which teeth have severe periodontitis \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lower Anterior, B. Upper Anterior, C. Upper Molar, D. Lower Molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | c8f62b0d-908c-494c-9ccf-90297f3647a6 | [{'content': 'Folic acid deficiency occurs in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aspirin, B. Phenytoin, C. Chloromphenicol, D. Cyclosporine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 93d8bac0-76ae-4440-91c0-fa3b724bbc65 | [{'content': 'Which of the following will not decrease mother to child transmission of HIV? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Avoid breastfeeding, B. Vaginal delivery, C. Zidovudine given to mother antenataly and to neonate after bih, D. Vitamin A supplementation given to mother', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B (Vaginal delievery)Vaginal delivery increases risk of mother to childhood transmission of HIV.'HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, avoiding breast feeding decreases the mother to child transmission of HIV.'", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 73dc80de-280f-4ee5-bc41-b1843e16a16d | [{'content': 'On the day following a formocresol pulpotomy of a\nmandibular molar, a three year old patient returned with\na large ulcer near the midline of the lower lip. What is\nthe probable cause of the ulcer? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lip biting by the patient, B. Allergy to the anaesthetic solution, C. Pressure by the rubber dam frame, D. Leakage of formocresol on the lip', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | ee343e97-60cc-402d-8c90-c92e8f168813 | [{'content': 'Which of the following conditions is associated with polyhy dramnios? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Posterior urethral valve, B. Cleft palate, C. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, D. Bladder exostrophy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 0f2fc319-7fca-4f39-b2e9-be49e7abe79d | [{'content': 'Chemotactic cytokine is \nSelect and explain. \nA. IL-1, B. IL-6, C. IL-8, D. TNF', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 4c0b406e-5d78-4f1d-99ca-c51f8d240e4f | [{'content': 'A 38 years old female presented to the emergency with extensive burns. The patient had grade 3 burns on the face, back, upper arms and forearms along with singeing of hairs. Which of the following is not a proof of inhalation burns? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Yellow colored sputum, B. Blackish soot deposit on posterior pa of tongue, C. Hoarseness & stridor of voice, D. Singeing of eyebrows and facial hair', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Yellow colored sputum(Ref Reddy 33/e p325-326: Parikh 6/e p4. /60)Yellow sputum/ phlegm = Mostly a sign of bacterial infection.In burns takes time to develop.Grade 3 burns:Sputum with carbonaceous colored.Singeing of facial hair, burns on face, soot marks & singed eyebrows or facial hair - Indicative of acute burns inhalational injury.Features of inhalation injury:Characteristic:History of fire in an enclosed space.Burns of face.Singed nasal & facial hair.Inflamed pharyngeal mucosa.Carbonaceous sputum.Evidence of edematous glottis (e.g., hoarseness).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 27e5fe55-e6b8-49eb-b141-78c1e4fd1e14 | [{'content': 'After spleenectomy patient becomes more prone to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gram +ve & anaerobic, B. Gram -ve & anaerobic, C. Nonencapsulated, D. Encapsulated organisms', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | c6f28135-76b7-4762-bd13-839b1592e3d3 | [{'content': "All of the following are developed from Meckel's cartilage except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zygomatic bone, B. Malleus, C. Incus, D. Stapes", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 864ebcb5-85f5-45eb-a209-5d14ef53e787 | [{'content': 'In judicial hanging, the knot is placed at: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Below the chin, B. Angle of the jaw, C. The back of the neck, D. Choice of hangman', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Angle of the jawJudicial Hanging:Placement of knot beneath the chin (submental position) - Most effective.Ensures quicker death.In India & UK, left sub-aural (below the angle of the jaw) knot - Preferred for hanging.Process:The rope is looped around the neck & person is allowed to drop for 5-7 meters - According to weight, age & build of the person.A sudden stop causes fracture-dislocation usually at the level of C2-C3 or C3-C4 veebra & rupture of brain stem between pons & medulla.Death is instantaneous.Hea-beat may continue for 15-20 minutes & spasmodic muscle jerking may occur for a considerable time.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | cda9b8dd-1c5b-4b7d-b08c-8e959ab72415 | [{'content': 'Non-pulsatile dose of GnRH agonist is used in all the following conditions except- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endometriosis, B. infeility, C. Precocious pubey, D. Prostate cancer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans.B.Male infeilityGnRH is used in all those conditions where there is increased estrogen as GnRH decrease estrogen secretion.Mnemonic :* A - F and HIP* A = Adenomyosis* B = Irritable Bowel Syndrome (under Trial)* C = Ca Breast (Tamoxifen + GnRH agonist give good result)* D = DUB* E = Endometriosis* F = Fibromyoma uterus.* H = Hirsutism* I = Infeility* P = Precocious Pubey.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 21ee5793-fb33-407c-81ba-7f01f5eefe47 | [{'content': 'Eisenmenger syndrome–True are A/E – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pulmonary veins are not distended, B. RV & LV walls come back to normal size, C. Dilatation of central pulmonary artery, D. Peripheral pruning of pulmonary arteries', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The characteristic pathological pulmonary vascular changes that develop in a patients with Eisenmenger syndrome are confined to arteries only and involve small pulmonary arterioles and muscular arteries (veins are not involved).\nThere is right ventricular hypertrophy (RV walls do not come back to normal size).\nOn x-ray there are dilated and prominent central arteries with rapid tapering (pruning) of the peripheral vasculature.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | c850f730-17c6-4978-a37e-93796d1a0e9e | [{'content': 'Gap healing, a type of primary healing having gap of 0.8 mm is healed as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Direct lamellar bone formation., B. Woven bone formation replaced by lamellar bone., C. Woven bone formation only., D. Any of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7655a989-3ec8-4f83-a2ea-a1a2527d483e | [{'content': 'The radiographic examination of a traumatized tooth is\nessential - \nSelect and explain. \nA. To establish baseline data, B. To find associated root fracture, C. To determine stage of root development, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 13088525-20c1-4b21-8fba-f48097969211 | [{'content': 'The fifth nerve innervates the following: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mylohyoid, anterior and posterior belly of digastric, B. Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, and tensor tympani, C. Mylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric and tensor tympani, D. Mylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, Stapedius and tensor tympani', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Trigeminal nerve is the 5th cranial nerve. It is a mixed nerve containing both the motor and sensory fibres but predominantly it is sensory.\nIt is a motor nerve to the muscles of mastication and several small muscles and the principal sensory nerve of the head and face.\nIt consists of three large nerves: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, hence the name trigeminal nerve (L. trigeminus = triplet).\n\nKey concept:\nMandibular nerve supplies muscles of mastication mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, and tensor tympani.\nPosterior belly of digastric and stapedius are supplied by Facial nerve.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | f5f3cd4b-3180-4f0e-b585-d681407b89d0 | [{'content': 'A study was conducted to find average intra-ocular pressure. IOP was measured in 400 people and the mean was found to be 25 mm Hg with a standard detion of 10 mm Hg. What is the range in which 10P of 95% of the population would be lying? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 22-28 mm Hg, B. 20-30 mm Hg, C. 24-26 mm Hg, D. 23-27 mm Hg', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. 24-26 mm HgStandard error, SE = {standard detion / n)}n = sample sizeC= Confidence coefficient = 1.96 for 95% confidence interval = 2.58 for 99% confidence interval= 3.29 for 99.9% confidence intervalHence in this question, n = 400SD = 10SE = 10/400 = 10/20 = 0.5Mean statistic = 25 mm Hg.Now for 95% confidence interval,C = 2 approximately 95%CI = 25 - 2x0.5 to 25 + 2x0.5 = 24-26 mm HgHence, 95% CI of IOP = 24 to 26 mm Hg.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c1e4be05-7faa-4d6a-9d3a-5c825129daaf | [{'content': 'The lag phase of tooth movement usually lasts for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2-3 mins, B. 2-3 hrs, C. 2-3 day, D. 2-3 weeks', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 48d70d58-19bb-4648-b72b-d49e9cbb0147 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a common osseous lesion in\nperiodontitis is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Exostosis, B. crater, C. buttressing bone, D. hemiseptum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e0952660-983f-4990-a8c6-d6b6bc19aca3 | [{'content': 'Which of the following groups of fibres are not attached to alveolar bone? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transseptal, B. Horizontal, C. Oblique, D. Apical', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8d8150e4-2224-4ac1-b41e-b8353a744dcc | [{'content': 'First nerve fiber present in vicinity of dental papilla in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bud stage, B. Cap stage, C. Bell stage, D. Advanced Bell stage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | d2aaf9d3-3ec9-450c-94cd-7df423fe49e8 | [{'content': 'A 32 years old female came for routine PAP smear testing. The repo came as carcinoma in situ. What is the next step? \nSelect and explain. \nA. HPV-DNA testing, B. Hysterectomy, C. Conization, D. Colposcopy and biopsy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Colposcopy and biopsyRegressions typically occur within a 2-year follow-up with cytology & colposcopy.Observation - Biopsy diagnoses of CIN 1 with satisfactory colposcopy and who agree to the evaluation every 6 monthsAblative treatment - lf the lesions progress during follow-up or persist at 2 yearsTreatment options: LEEP & Cryosurgery', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | f9e59986-dc69-42ca-97c9-593496bb98a5 | [{'content': 'The frontal paranasal sinus drains into the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superior meatus, B. Middle meatus, C. Inferior meatus, D. Spheno-ethmoidal recess', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | d5f7c86d-3441-4fdd-8618-8510dbead871 | [{'content': 'In the mammalian genome, maximum number of genes code for the receptors of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Immunoglobulin receptors, B. Interleukins, C. Growth factors, D. Odorants', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. OdorantsIn the mammalian genome, maximum number of genes code for the receptors of odorants."The olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the largest gene family in mammalian genomes.Humans have >1,000 OR genes, of which only -40% have an intact coding region and are therefore putatively functional.Odorant receptor genes form the largest gene family in the genome of many animals: for example, the mouse genome contains approximately 1200 of these genes.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pharmacology | b57b3bed-fda6-48e7-9af4-f72d5a4687d9 | [{'content': 'Pegloticase is used in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chronic gout, B. Paralytic ileus, C. Psoriatic ahritis, D. Rheumatoid ahritis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Pegloticase - It is recombinant uricase, an enzyme which oxidises uric acid to highly soluble allantoin, that is easily excreted by kidney. Humans lack this enzyme. In this preparation, the enzyme has been coupled with methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) which serves to prolong its sojourn in the body, permitting i.v. infusion of the drug to be given every 2 weeks. It is indicated only in rare cases of refractory symptomatic gout because it is immunogenic and carries high risk of infusion reactions, including anaphylaxis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 74d6497b-16bd-44f8-bba0-a9a139482e77 | [{'content': 'Wave patterns of EEF, ECG and EMG are depicted below. The B pattern belongs to (Figure was not provided in the exam): \nSelect and explain. \nA. NREM sleep, B. REM sleep, C. Wakefulness, D. Quiet wakefulness', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. WakefulnessBeta (B) Wave- Parietal and frontal region. Patients awake, at rest with eyes open.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | f4b8bacb-390e-4efa-9e65-f7f1bfe8b32b | [{'content': 'Staphylococcus aureus and pneumoniae are responsible for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Subacute endocarditis., B. Acute endocarditis., C. Post operative endocarditis., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 16ce8442-864b-43f1-b815-f9096e55fa54 | [{'content': 'First paranasal sinus to develop at bih is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary, B. Ethmoidal, C. Frontal, D. Sphenoidal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Development of SinusesSinusGestational Month WhenDevelopment StasPresent in ClinicallySignificant SizeFully DevelopedMaxillary2degBihdeg12 yearsdegEthmoid30Bihdeg12 yearsdegFrontal4deg3 yearsdeg18-20 yearsdegSphenoid3deg8 yearsdeg12-15 yearsdeg', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 5c1652a1-905f-4be0-8677-4259eb94b2d0 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the best test for assessment of intestinal malabsorption? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fecal fat estimation, B. Serum lactose levels, C. Serum amylase levels, D. NBT-PABA test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A(Ref: Harrison 19/c p193(S)Fecal fat estimation - Gold standard test for diagnosis of malabsorption.Intestinal malabsorption diagnosis:D-xylose test.Tests for xylose absorption in intestinal villi.Distinguishs intestinal from pancreatic malabsorption.Pancreatic malabsorption diagnosis:NBT-PABA & serum amylase.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 611828ae-4acf-4177-bc88-fd78e72a9a3e | [{'content': 'Primary Colonization of plaque is dominated by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facultative Aerobic Gram + ve rods, B. Facultative Anaerobic Gram - ve rods, C. Facultative Aerobic Gram - ve cocci, D. Facultative Anaerobic Gram + ve cocci', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 83935f21-0298-409f-aabc-ac42dc4c0e00 | [{'content': 'Types of pocket respectively: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Simple pocket, compound pocket, complex pocket., B. Simple pocket, complex pocket, compound pocket., C. Compound pocket, simple pocket, complex pocket., D. Simple pocket, compound pocket, tertiary pocket.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d053ff7a-d056-4da2-b124-68610654796f | [{'content': 'Depression of mandible is achieved by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Digastric, B. Lateral pterygoid, C. Geniohyoid, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 18d1c316-555c-4528-a9c4-e8ce1a613179 | [{'content': '18 year old female presents with an ovarian mass, her serum bio marker are found to be normal except for LDH, which is found to be elevated. The most likely diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dysgerminoma, B. Endodermal sinus tumor, C. Malignant terratoma, D. Mucinous cystadeno carcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: NOTE :- * Young girls with - Germ cell tumor Ovarian mass * Old women with - Epithelial serous tumor Ovarian mass Biomarkers Dysgerminoma | LDH, | placental alkaline Po4 Endodermal sinus tumor a feto protein and antitrypsin', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 4c74361f-7de5-4a70-9221-c8f5c9554081 | [{'content': 'Most common infection post solid organ transplantation \nSelect and explain. \nA. CMV, B. HSV, C. EBV, D. HPV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is transmitted post solid organ transplantation whereas herpes simplex virus (HSV) is transmitted post solid organ transplantation only within a month. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a glandular disease so transmitted by close contact where as human papilloma virus (HPV) is transmitted through sexual contact since it is a sexually transmitted disease. So first option is a better option. Infection in Children: Primary infections in older children and adults are usually asymptomatic. However, a heterophile, antibody-negative, infectious mononucleosis may been. This is more common following transfusion of CMV-infected blood (post - transfusion mononucleosis).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 3b38f235-0a3f-4781-ae19-a7858523b39f | [{'content': 'Tuberculous otitis media is characterized by all except - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Multiple perforations, B. Pale granulations, C. Pain, D. Thin odourless fluid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Tubercular Otitis Media\n\nImportant points:\n\n––Seen mainly in children and young adult Q\n––It is secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Q\n––Route of spread - Mainly through eustachian tube (not blood borne). Q\nSymptoms:\n1. Patients often present with chronic painless otorrhoea (usually foul smelling) which is resistant to antibiotic treatment Q\n3. Severe conductive type hearing loss Q. (sometimes due to involvement of labyrinth may be SNHL)\n4. Facial nerve palsy may be the presenting symptom in childrenQ\n5. Cough; fever and night sweats may be present in patients with tuberculous infection in other organ system.\n\nO/E\n\n–– Multiple perforationsQ in tympanic membrane (This feature was once considered characteristic of TB but now is seldom seen).\n–– Middle ear and mastoid are filled with pale granulation tissueQ (It is a characteristic of tuberculous otitis media)\n\nComplications: (Early onset of these symptoms is seen)\n\n––Mastoiditis\n––Osteomyelitis\n––Postauricular fistula\n––Facial nerve palsy', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | b0d97337-7157-40c6-984d-87e24959fa80 | [{'content': 'Child Pugh score put patients into three categories of Score A (<7), Score B (7-9) and Score C (10-15). The following is a type of which scale? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nominal, B. Ordinal, C. Quantitative, D. Continuous', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Child Pugh Score' divides the scores into 3 CATEGORIES, hence it is a CATEGORICAL scale. The variables are qualitative and arranged in an order of increasing severity, hence it is an example of ORDINAL scale. Other options: Nominal scale is also a type of categorical scale in which the variables are not arranged in any order. Metric scale is used for quantitative variables. Continuous is a type of variable and not a type of scale.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 1c8618e4-c3cc-4048-8214-8c3098ba12ad | [{'content': 'Skin of the entire upper lip is supplied by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary nerve., B. Facial nerve., C. Mandibular nerve., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | e18f0c87-2d93-4fb1-9b7f-41ddc4ea0cae | [{'content': 'Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia \nSelect and explain. \nA. TTP, B. ITP, C. Senile purpura, D. CML', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pharmacology | 1f93c541-baaf-40f2-bf91-31be29732da2 | [{'content': 'Treatment of choice for anaphylactic shock is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Adrenaline 0.5 mL of 1:1000 solution by intramuscular route, B. Adrenaline 1 mL of 1:10000 by intravenous route, C. Atropine 3 mg intravenously, D. Adenosine 12 mg intravenously', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: DOC is adrenaline.Route is intramuscular > subcutaneous.Dose: 0.5 ml of 1:1000(1mg/ml solution).This dose is repeated once gain within 10 minutes.If it's still not improving; then intravenous 1:10,000 dose is given.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 565d9d77-689a-4e68-bd65-7016980692ba | [{'content': 'The\tcotton\tapplied\tto\tthe\tpulpal\tstumps\tin\tthe\nformocresol pulpotomy technique should be \nSelect and explain. \nA. Slightly dampened with formocresol, B. Saturated with formocresol, C. Left for 2 hours in the cavity, D. Sealed until the next appointment.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 4fbc569b-3b88-490f-b1b9-0af7c459eee0 | [{'content': 'Which of following is not a tumor suppressor gene? \nSelect and explain. \nA. pRb, B. FHIT, C. PTCH, D. c-erbB1', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | c4c72573-bba7-4544-8e80-7bf4fe8d0f2d | [{'content': 'All the following instruments are required for tonsillectomy except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Coblation wand, B. Bipolar cautery, C. Microdebrider, D. Harmonic scalpel', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Microdebrider(Ref: Scott-Brown's 7Ie p3576; Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology By Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint/p51; Dhingra 6/e p430)All these four instruments are used in different techniques of tonsillectomy.Microdebrider is less commonly used than others as it leaves behind a small amount of tissue covering theconstrictor muscle.Hence, preferred answer would be microdebrider.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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