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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Anatomy | b3163789-82b3-4054-aabe-3a2b90aa7a98 | [{'content': 'Which marker shows holocrine gland? \nSelect and explain. \nA. A, B. B, C. C, D. D', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Marker (A) shows the Holocrine gland i.e, Sebaceous gland related with hair follicle sending sebum to skin surface. Marker (C) - Hair follicle Marker (D) - Sub cutaneous fat (Adipocytes) - empty looking cells with fat & peripheral nucleus - Usually skin & sebaceous glands have - stratified squamous epithelium', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1cecd58f-d0c8-446a-adf8-d07dd796ec0e | [{'content': 'Landmark for pup chamber opening is : \nSelect and explain. \nA. CEJ, B. Cervical third of crown, C. Level of alveolar bone, D. Enamel', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Krasner and Rankow determined that the CEJ is the most important anatomic landmark for determining the location of pulp chambers and root canal orifices. They demonstrated\xa0 that\xa0 specific\xa0 and\xa0 consistent\xa0 pulp\xa0 chamber floor and wall anatomy exist and proposed laws for assisting\xa0 clinicians\xa0 to\xa0 identify\xa0 canal\xa0 morphology.\nRef: Grossman endodotic practice 13th ed page no 248', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 4034587c-3452-4465-9e2e-9b2ad5f643cd | [{'content': 'Bezold-Jarisch reflex is mediated by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Serotonin, B. Angiotensin, C. Prostaglandin, D. Histamine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. SerotoninThe Bezold-Jarisch reflex involves a variety of cardiovascular and neurological processes which cause hypopnea (excessively shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate) and bradycardia (abnormally low resting hea rate). Serotonin can elicit Bezold-Jarisch reflex.Bezold-Jarisch reflex responds to noxious ventricular stimuli sensed by chemoreceptors & mechanoreceptors within the LV wall by inducing the triad of hypotension bradycardia & coronary aery dilatation.Stimulation of aerial baroreceptors or ventricular baroreceptors by any of a host of chemicals-veratrum alkaloids, nicotine capsaicin, anti-histamine serotonin snake and insect venoms--can also trigger the Bezold- Jarisch reflex.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | f8420128-0bd2-4a3e-b54f-d99fd7eb7070 | [{'content': 'Action of Nitroglycerin is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Direct action on smooth muscle, B. Slows SA node conductvity, C. Blocks arrhythmia, D. Increases perfusion to heart', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 15811471-d00e-471c-adf9-2edc497bb4ce | [{'content': 'ICD-10 stands for \nSelect and explain. \nA. International Classification of Drugs, 10th revision, B. International Classification of Disabilities, 10th revision, C. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, D. International Classification of Disasters, 10th revision', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | a3eaeae1-9e64-4d66-9168-3e49814f51a5 | [{'content': 'A 40 year old woman has arneloblastoma, the histomorphologic features will be \nSelect and explain. \nA. Peripheral palisading cellular strand with central loose stellate reticulum, B. Peripheral palisading with central stromal retraction artefact, C. Peripheral palisading cellular strand with peripheral loo se stellate reticulum, D. Central Loose stellate reticulum shows marked nuclear atypia and numerous mitotic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | ef3c0dca-5a44-4569-ba14-14ed9fd9a5a5 | [{'content': 'Method of transpo of glucose in the intestine is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primary active transpo, B. Secondary active transpo, C. Simple diffusion, D. Counter transpo', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The method of transpo of glucose in the intestine is Secondary active transpo. Both glucose and Na+enter inside the cell (in same direction) i.e. Sympo. No energy used when glucose and Na+ enters the cell. Energy is used indirectly for glucose transpo Na+/ K+ ATPase pump. Sodium-glucose sympoer carries 2Na+for each glucose SGLT-1- Small intestine and kidneys -for Glucose and Galactose SGLT-2- in kidneys -only for glucose In intestine on luminal surface there is SGLT-1 (secondary active transpo) while on basal surface is GLUT-2 (facultative transpo)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | dabfee93-2e1b-4e6c-bff6-03c025bd986f | [{'content': 'A 28 year old man has lenticonus and end stage renal disease now. His maternal uncle also died of the same illness. What is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, B. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, C. Oxalosis, D. Alport syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Presentation of male patient with lenticonus and end stage renal disease with a family history of renal disease is highly suggestive of Alport syndrome.\n\nAR polycystic kidney is ruled out because the age of presentation in ARPKD is childhood and most of the affected children do not survive beyond their childhood.\nAD polycystic kidney is ruled out because there is no association of ADPKD with lenticonus as is mentioned in our question.\n\n–– Alport syndrome is manifest by hematuria with progression to chronic renal failure, accompanied by nerve deafness and various eye disorders, including lens dislocation, posterior cataracts, and corneal dystrophy.\n–– In about 85% cases, it is inherited as an X-linked trait. So, males express the full syndrome, and females are carriers in whom manifestations of disease are typically limited to hematuria.\n–– Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms also exist in which both the sexes are equally susceptible.\n–– In Alport syndrome, Hematuria is the earliest manifestation and the sensorineural deafness is the commonest extra renal abnormality.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | df8ae3bc-aef6-48d0-8033-d715cfe36b3d | [{'content': 'A patient comes after a dog bite with hydrophobia, tearing and altered sensorium. You suspect rabies in this patient. Corneal impression has been taken. What test will you do on it for most accurate diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Indirect immunofluorescence, B. -PCR for virus, C. Histopathological examination for Negri bodies, D. Antibodies against Rabies virus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. -PCR for virusDetection of rabies virus RNA by - PCR is highly sensitive and specific. This technique can detect virus infresh saliva samples, skin, CSF, and brain tissues.Detection of rabies virus RNA by -PCR is highly sensitive and specific. This technique can detect virus in fresh saliva samples, skin, CSF, and brain tissues. In addition, -PCR with genetic sequencing can distinguish among rabies virus variants, permitting identification of the probable source of an infection."-Harrison 19/e p1302.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing can be used to amplify pas of a rabies virus genome from fixed or unfixed brain tissue or saliva. Sequencing of amplified products can allow identification of the infecting virus strain.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | f87f02ae-e248-473d-9a03-5a866b0dfbee | [{'content': 'True about LDL receptor: \nSelect and explain. \nA. It recognizes apo B100 and apo E, B. Involved in endocytosis process, C. Present in both hepatic and extrahepatic cells, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: LDL receptor:\n\nIt recognizes apo B-100 and apo-E.\nHas clathrin coating.\nInvolved in endocytosis process.\nPresent in both hepatic and extra-hepatic cells.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 164c3839-9da9-45da-bc1c-33e2174a6c17 | [{'content': 'Pterygomandibular space contains all, except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nerve to mylohyoid muscle, B. Long buccal nerve, C. Loose areolar tissue, D. Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | a6cc1419-094c-4675-b250-ba45e4569bd2 | [{'content': 'A 32-year-old P2L2 lady comes five days after unpro!tected sexual intercourse. What will be your advice for contraception in this lady? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Copper IUCD, B. Levonorgestrel 0.75 mg, C. Two tablets of high dose OCP, repeated after 24 hours, D. Laparoscopic tubectomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Copper IUCD(Ref Dutta 8/e p615, 7/e p551)Best contraceptive for 32-year old P2L2 lady coming after 5 days after unprotected sexual intercourse - Copper-containing IUCD.Copper IUCD:Inseion within maximum period of 5-7 days after accidental unprotected exposure.Prevents implantation.Unsuitable for women with multiple sex paners & rape victims.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 796e190d-09a8-4eef-98a4-26eecd5b7de7 | [{'content': 'Data about recent trends of immunization in the community can be found by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sample registration system, B. District level health survey, C. Rural survey, D. Census data', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. District level health survey(Ref Park's 22/e p786)District Level Health Survey - Objectives:Coverage of ante-natal, natal and post-natal checkups and child immunization.Propoion of institutional/safe deliveries.JSY beneficiaries.Contraceptive prevalence rates.Unmet need for contraceptives - Spacing & limiting.Awareness about I/ STI and HIV/AIDS.Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, has included the Clinical, Anthropometric and Biochemical (CAB) component for data collection in the District Level Household Survey (DLHS)-4.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | b8621196-05ba-414e-a112-0b48be3fcd7c | [{'content': 'Which of the following diuretic can be given in mild to moderate hypeension? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Potassium sparing diuretic, B. Osmotic diuretic, C. Thiazide diuretic, D. Loop diuretic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Thiazide diureticThiazide diuretics :Given in mild to moderate hypeension.Low-dose thiazide diuretics used alone or in combination with other antihypeensive drugs.Safe, efficacious, inexpensive & reduce clinical events. MOA:Inhibits Na/Cl- pump in DCT a Increases sodium excretion.In long term - Acts as vasodilators.Provide additive blood pressure-lowering effects (On combination with beta blockers, ACE-I, ARBs).Drug of Choicein HypeensionConditionDrug of ChoiceHypeensionThiazidesHypeension with BPHPrazosinHypeension with diabetes mellitusACE inhibitorsHypeension with ischemic hea disease (angina)Beta-blockersHypeension with chronic kidney diseaseACE inhibitorsHypeension in pregnancyAlpha-methyldopaHypeensive emergenciesNicardipine + EsmololHypeensive emergencies in cheese reactionPhentolamineHypeensive emergencies in clonidine withdrawalPhentolamineHypeensive emergencies in aoic dissectionNitroprusside + EsmololHypeensive emergencies in pregnancyLabetalol(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1623).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e3840b78-8e45-4c14-83da-2a1ed7178d7e | [{'content': 'Which of the following is used for etching porcelain? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1.23% HF, B. 4% HF, C. 9.6% HF, D. 37% HF', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Chemical preparation of glazed ceramic may be done with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HFA) or acidulated phosphate fluoride and then treated with silane coupling agent to increase the bond strength.\nZachrisson recommends the following techniques for bonding to porcelain surfaces:\n\nIsolation is very critical in this technique,\xa0not just to prevent contamination with saliva and water, but also to prevent soft tissues contact with HFA.\nBarrier gel such as Kool-Dam prevents flowing of etchant onto the gingival tissue.\nDeglaze the area slightly larger than bracket base by sandblasting with 50 µm aluminium oxide for 3 s.\nEtch porcelain with 9.6% HF acid for 2 min.\nCarefully remove gel with cotton roll and then rinse using high volume suction.\nDry with air, apply silane coupling agent and bond bracket conventionally.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 54f0597f-d43c-4813-b202-935ae07e4e20 | [{'content': 'Ceramide is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Simple lipid, B. Compound lipid, C. Precursor lipid, D. Derived lipid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: 1. Simple lipid:\n\nTAG (glycerol + 3 FA)\nCeramide ( Sphingosine + FA)\xa0\n\n2. Compound lipid:\n\nPhospholipids\nGlycolipid / Sphingoglycolipid\nAminolipids\nSulfolipids\nLipoproteins\n\n3. Miscellaneous:\n\nPrecursor lipid\xa0- Compounds that can give rise to another lipids.\xa0Eg:\xa0Fatty Acids\nDerived lipid\xa0- Eg:\xa0Bile acids\nPrecursor derived lipid\xa0- Eg:\xa0Cholesterol', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin | f6bb3faa-6ccb-4838-a2d9-1ae2f2d63e7d | [{'content': 'Which type of oral candidiasis does not presents with white patch? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chronic atrophic candidiasis, B. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, C. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, D. Pseudomembranous candidiasis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Chronic atrophic candidiasisChronic erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis appears as a red, raw-looking lesion instead of a white patch seen in all other types.Erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis:Appears as a red, raw-looking lesion.Subtypes of erythematous candidiasis:Denture-related stomatitis, angular stomatitis, median rhomboid glossitis & antibiotic-induced stomatitis.Since they are commonly erythematous/atrophic.Precede pseudomembrane formation,.Left when membrane is removed, or arise de novo.Tongue:Loss of lingual papillae, leaving a smooth area on tongue.Occurs on dorsum of tongue in long-term coicosteroids or antibiotic patient.But occasionally it can occur after only a few days of using a topical antibiotic.This is usually termed 'antibiotic sore mouth/stomatitis' because it is commonly painful as well as red.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology | fa5def89-71cb-4aba-9c23-af07401b10b0 | [{'content': 'Which of the following statements is false about apoptosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. No inflammation, B. Intact plasma membrane, C. Swelling of organelles, D. Affected by dedicated genes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Apoptosis is genetically regulated, hence apoptosis is sometimes referred to as programmed cell death. Plasma membrane remains intact in apoptosis hence there is no leakage of enzymes and inflammation. Apoptosis cause activation of caspase and proteases which cause cells to shrink. Hence organelle swelling is not a feature of apoptosis. Characteristic feature of apoptosis microscopically is chromatin condensation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Orthopaedics | ccca9015-2ce5-40cf-bed4-187f9428d984 | [{'content': 'A 55 yr old patient presented to the opd with complaint of pain in back. On examination his limbs seemed to be bent with overlying warm and thick skin. Patient also complain of decreased hearing over a few days. On biochemical analysis his serum ALP was raised. X-ray obtained showed the following features. Most probable diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Osteoporosis, B. Osteopetrosis, C. Pagets disease, D. Renal osteodystrophy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Given scenario suggests diagnosis of Paget's disease. Image shows- a) Ivory veebra, b) Picture frame veebra Osteoporosis- Cod fish veebra Osteopetrosis- bone within a bone appearance Renal osteodystrophy- Rugger jersey spine", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 80ca7074-85db-4ead-9b69-23c32b811d94 | [{'content': 'Halo effect surrounding the root of tooth on IOPA X-Ray is seen with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Horizontal root fracture, B. Root caries, C. Widening of periodontal ligament space, D. Periapical-periostitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0bac3e65-9fec-4c0b-b29e-251ebc04aec0 | [{'content': 'A temporary bridge constructed from a synthetic resin \nSelect and explain. \nA. Is not required when the missing tooth is provided on a partial denture, B. Should be cemented with a polycarboxylate cement to ensure retention between the preparation and fitting stages, C. Should have the same buccal and lingual contours as the permanent bridge, D. Should restore the occlusion to the same extent as the permanent bridge', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 833ba236-ccb4-44d5-ba31-865de41488a5 | [{'content': 'After resection of posterior pituitary all of the following hormones is given except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glucagon, B. Thyroxine, C. Estradiol, D. Mineralocoicoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. Mineralocoicoid', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 36926004-cb1c-46b4-a6b2-f12c13dd8ab3 | [{'content': 'What is the thickness of cement-dentinal junction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-2 μm, B. 2-3 μm, C. 3-4 μm, D. 4-5 μm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 04adb80a-e020-4328-a871-e403f6d5861f | [{'content': 'Which of the following appliances is not used for slow maxillary expansion? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Jack screw, B. Coffin spring, C. Quad helix appliance, D. Hyrax appliance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Hyrax appliance\xa0\nThis type of expander uses the Hyrax (hygienic rapid expansion) screw. It has heavy wires that are adapted, welded and soldered to the palatal aspects of the bands in the permanent molars. It is used for Rapid palatal expansion.\nExamples of slow expansion:\xa0\n\nJack screw\nCoffin spring\nQuad helix appliance\n\nTextbook of ORTHODONTICS Sridhar Premkumar', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d321d320-c06f-4d18-9aa2-dae718851dfd | [{'content': 'For how long should NiTi files be submerged in NaOCl at 122-degree F to prevent damage to file corrosion \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20 mins, B. 45 mins, C. 60 mins, D. 2 hours', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Direct lines from book "warming of NaOCI to 122° F (50\' C) leads to increase in collagen dissolution as potential to disinfecting, but it can leads to detrimental corrosion effects on NiTi instruments immersion for 1 hr".', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2435f8a2-f34c-4185-82f4-d73c72fe9ee2 | [{'content': 'Mandibular process of each side fuse to form: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lower lip., B. Lower jaw., C. Both., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a8be5273-87e4-42d6-bdd2-e3ce0ba892c1 | [{'content': 'True about meningococcal vaccine is - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Capsule polysaccharide act as a virulent factor for the production of antibody, B. Conjugate vaccine is not given in outbreaks, C. Polysaccharide vaccine should be given to children below 2 years of age, D. Vaccine with polysaccharide B is immunogenic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 70be9151-2441-49de-8dd1-3bd6ee597992 | [{'content': 'Self injury most likely caused after extraction in children is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inadvertent lip biting after anesthesia, B. Chemical burn, C. Permanent palsy, D. Trismus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Inadvertent lip biting\xa0after inferior alveolar nerve block is most commonly seen\xa0in children\xa0after extraction.\nThis self-injury mostly occurs due to dentist fail to mention/provide important instructions to child/ their parents that he/she should not eat anything till effect of anesthesia completely wears off as it leads to unknowing/ Inadvertent lip biting during eating.\nSometimes this also happens\xa0if child/parents fail to follow the instructions mentioned by dentist.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6ccd520c-4355-48c5-8635-66b64dd157f1 | [{'content': 'Antempasterior relation of jaws is measured by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. ANB angle, B. Angle between SN & FH Plane, C. Angle between SN & mandibular plane, D. Facial angle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 1730e3d6-7a73-4485-bc27-65e8ad61c9bb | [{'content': 'Intensifying screen is used in extraoral radiograph to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decrease radiation to patient, B. Increase contrast, C. Decrease contrast, D. Collimation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2e4dea82-5bec-438e-a674-0f317e467e70 | [{'content': 'Gold Standard for evaluation of any obstruction in the nasal pathway: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mirror test., B. Butterfly test., C. Rhinomanometry., D. To check the size of nostril.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | ae0f40e1-2d9f-4d1a-a431-3062793ef007 | [{'content': 'The following is used in which procedure in gynecology? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pap smear, B. Endometrial Biopsy, C. Cervical Biopsy, D. Vulval Biopsy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: The image shown in question is of Ayre's spatula which is used in papsmear Sensitivity of the cervical cytology for the detection of CIN 2 or 3 ranged from 47% to 62% Errors occurred because of - Poor fixation on the glass slide, leading to air drying - Smear were thick and obscured by vaginal discharge, blood, or mucus. Liquid - based Cytology Liquid samples are processed to provide a uniform, thin layer of cervical cells without debris on a glass slide & this eliminates air drying. The cell sample is collected with an endocervical brush used in combination with a plastic spatula or with a plastic broom. The sample is rinsed in a l containing liquid alcohol-based preservative. Hence 80% to 90% of the cells are retrieved The cells are retrieved from the l by passing the liquid through a filter. Recommendation : 2020 Novaks For women 21 to 29 years Screening with cytology every 3 year From 30 to 65 years Co - testing with conventional cytology and high - risk HPV testing every 5 years Or Cytology alone every 3 years are appropriate alternatives After the age of 65 it is Discontinue screening when 3 negative cytology results or 2 negative co test in the previous 10 years", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 4e8f5ba7-452a-464f-a328-d8b96eafade6 | [{'content': 'A 5 years old child presented with continuous fever and features of sepsis with a BP of 90/60 mm Hg, Pulse rate 144/min and respiratory rate of 30/min. What is the initial fluid of choice for management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10 mL/kg of 10% dextrose, B. 10 mL/kg of hydroxyethyl starch, C. 20 mL/kg of 0.45% normal saline, D. 20 mL/kg of 0.9% normal saline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D : 20 mL/kg of 0.9% normal salineExplanation:(Ref: Ghai 8Ie p718)In hypovolemic or septicemic shock, replacement of intravascular volume by isotonic fluids is the main stay of treatment.Hence, normal saline resuscitation with 20 ml/kg boluses.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 3bb33f16-ca92-481f-bb39-b5278156c63d | [{'content': 'Patient with increased PT, APTT & TT and normal fibrinogen and platelet counts, diagnosis is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. DIC, B. Fac. VIII def., C. Liver disease, D. Vitamin K deficiency', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pediatrics | f204b864-ca16-4d18-9d0c-6c6a9cb3533a | [{'content': 'A child presented with abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, doll like facies and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Menkes disease, B. Down syndrome, C. Von gierke disease, D. Lesch nyhan syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Menkes disease- aka kinky hair disease - Defect in copper binding ATPase - Involves CNS- intellectual disability, seizures - Characterized by sparse hypopigmented kinky hairs. - Trichorrhexis nodosa and pili toi seen Von Gierke disease is glycogen storage disease type I, in which the child has doll like facies, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly and recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. On investigation, there is hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and lactic acidosis. Lesch nyhan syndrome- mental retardation, microcephaly, seizures and gout.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | b02a0880-4fc7-46d1-83a9-d86a8f1f077c | [{'content': 'Estrogen and progesterone in the first 2 months pregnancy are produced by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fetal ovaries, B. Fetal adrenal, C. Placenta, D. Corpus luteum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Corpus luteum(Ref Williams 24/e p169; Ganong 25/e p412, 24/e p414).Estrogen and progesterone in first 2 months of pregnancy - Produced by Corpus luteum.Functions of corpus luteum:Enlarged corpus luteum of pregnancy secretes estrogens, progesterone & relaxin.Progesterone & relaxin -Helps maintain pregnancy.By inhibiting myometrial contractions.Progesterone prevents prostaglandin production by uterus - Stops contractions.Corpus luteum function begins to decline after 8 weeks of pregnancy.Yet persists throughout pregnancy.In humans placenta produces sufficient estrogen & progesterone from maternal & fetal precursor taking over corpus luteum function after 6th week of pregnancy.Ovariectomy before 6th week a Hence cause aboion.Ovariectomy after 6th week doesn't affect pregnancy.Note:hCG secretion decreases after initial marked rise.Estrogen & progesterone secretion increase until just before paurition.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ef077628-a770-4538-9639-2162ba1fcdcf | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the common factor for the initiation of both dental caries and periodontal disease \nSelect and explain. \nA. bacterial plaque, B. lactic acid, C. calculus, D. no common factor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b7021f6a-0299-49df-a478-009fe45c5d92 | [{'content': 'Hidden X suture proves to be a novel suturing technique for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alveolar ridge preservation, B. Apical repositioning flap, C. Coronal repositioning flap, D. Papillae repositioning flap', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 700fb2a4-66cc-4d8e-890d-c8d0840b287f | [{'content': 'Tracheostomy will: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase dead air space, B. Increase respiratory resistance, C. Decrease respiratory work, D. Cause obstruction in respiration', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | e1dcedf1-efe7-42a8-91db-9add25a08681 | [{'content': 'All are diseases of skin except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Erythema multiforme, B. Keratosis folticularis, C. Erythema migrans, D. Psoriasis form lesion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Option 'C' erythema migrans is other name of ectopic geographic tongue / annulus migrans in which lesions are not always restricted to the tongue, and similar irregular or circinate lesions occurring elsewhere in the oral cavity.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 9220447e-0ac6-41b7-b22d-07d1340b3641 | [{'content': 'Case control study was done regarding breast cancer & risk factors & odds ratio was obtained. Which of the following are causative factors ?ParameterCaseControlORAge at menarche>12171423291.04Menopause177124081.53OCP use93511051.02Smoking932140.97Family history5135021.10BMI>27.51654930.53Breastfeeding94225140.56Multiparity(2)277833661.05 \nSelect and explain. \nA. 6, B. 5, C. 3, D. 2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. (B) 5An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B.Two events are independent if and only if the OR equals 1: the odds of one event are the same in either the presence or absence of the other event.If the OR is greater than 1, then A and B are associated (correlated) in the sense that, compared to the absence of B, the presence of B raises the odds of A, and symmetrically the presence of A raises the odds of B.Conversely, if the OR is less than 1, then A and B are negatively correlated, and the presence of one event reduces the odds of the other event.Most Impoantly Odds ratio does not demonstrate causality .But we can say that they are positively correlated. Since 5 Factors have odds ratio more than 1 so the answer will be B', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | ac2748f3-0547-47df-ad39-72daa75fbd21 | [{'content': 'Compared with autoclave, use of a dry heat oven for sterilization has the following disadvantage: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Time-consuming, B. Less effective, C. Causes instruments to rust, D. Causes sharp instruments to dull', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | d8b70d4b-8a90-4739-b18a-33c1d42b9708 | [{'content': 'A screening test is used in same way in two similar populations, but the proportion of false positive results among those who test positive in population A is lower than among those who test positive in population B. What is the likely explanation for this finding? \nSelect and explain. \nA. The prevalence of disease is higher in population A, B. The prevalence of disease is lower in population A, C. The specificity of the test is lower in population A, D. The specificity of the test is higher in population A', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Total population having the disease : ‘a + c’ (TP + FN)\nTotal population not having the disease : ‘b + d’ (FP + TN)\nTotal population: a + b + c + d = TP + FP + FN + TN\n\nPPV depends on sensitivity, specificity and prevalence of disease in the population.\nNow in this question, a screening test is used in same way in two similar populations; thereby the screening test will have similar sensitivity and specificity in both populations.\nPPV = a/ (a + (b) X 100, thus b (False Positive rate) is inversely proportional to PPV; and PPV is directly proportional to Prevalence of disease in a population.\nSo, False Positive rate (FP rate) is inversely proportional to the prevalence of disease in the population.\nTherefore, if the same screening test is having lower FP rate in population A (as compared to a similar population B), then this could be explained by higher prevalence of disease in population A\nAlso,', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology | d2f3fa53-c024-4179-bf34-169fd7b99fc9 | [{'content': 'Anti-centromere antibodies seen in which of the followings conditions: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Drug induced lupus, B. SLE, C. Sjogren syndrome, D. Scleroderma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: It is seen in scleroderma. Limited form of scleroderma known as CREST has anti centromere antibody positive and generalized form has anti topoisomerase positive antibody Anti histone antibodies are positive in drug induced lupus Anti SS-A (RO) antibodies and anti SS-B(LA) antibodies are positive in Sjogren's Syndrome Most specific antibody in SLE is anti nuclear antibody and most specific antibody is anti ds-DNA and Anti smith antibody Presence of anti P antibody is associated with development if psychosis /CNS manifestation in SLE patients Presence of anti RO antibody is associated with development of cutaneous lupus and congenital hea block Presence of b2 glycoprotein is associated with development of Antiphospholipid antibody", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7d79778c-de93-4463-b0d4-13ae234adaa8 | [{'content': 'Denture cleaning tablets include all, EXCEPT \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydrogen peroxide, B. Alkaline material, C. Sodium perborate, D. Detergent', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 86e32f87-3ea8-40e9-9968-a5b689d54f0d | [{'content': '26 years old lady with H/o recurrent abortion which of the following investigations you will do to confirm the diagnosis ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. PT, B. BT, C. Anti Russel viper venom antibodies, D. Clot solubility test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 6e5da328-bb2e-4848-bdff-56a722ca8d7b | [{'content': 'Shelf life of colourless, aqueous solution of suxamethonium is \nSelect and explain. \nA. 6 months, B. 1 year, C. 2 yr, D. 3 yr', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d8ae56a0-ea28-4047-9387-b0d1cf376fc4 | [{'content': 'Infective endocarditis is least common in : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mitral stenosis., B. Aortic stenosis., C. VSD., D. ASD.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 693b0566-ba96-4a38-ae93-42afcd84b3f2 | [{'content': 'Facial nerve lies: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Below SMAS & above parotidomasseteric fascia, B. Above SMAS & below parotidomasseteric fascia, C. Above SMAS & above parotidomasseteric fascia, D. Below SMAS & below parotidomasseteric fascia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4135c1a9-44e4-4872-a329-3cc4b7c1a587 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is common to both zinc eugenol cement and polycarboxylate cement? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Polyacrylic acid is liquid, B. Chemical bond to tooth structure, C. Chelation, D. Substitution of eugenol by EBA to increase strength of cement', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 64fefa75-a0d1-45da-a81b-961ed7565c9c | [{'content': 'What is the drug of choice of Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metronidazole, B. Clindamycin, C. Erythromycin, D. Rovamycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: BV is a maldistribution of normal vaginal flora Lactobacilli are decreased, and Anaerobic bacteria species are overrepresented. Anaerobes include Gardnerella, Prevotella, Mobiluncus, and Bacteroides species; Atopobium vaginae; BV-associated bacteria, provisionally named BVAB1, BVAB2, and BVAB3. Pregnancy -DOC - Metronidazole 500 mg twice daily orally for 7 days; 0.75-percent gel, intra-vaginally, daily for 5 days Clindamycin 2% One applicator intra-vaginally nightly for 7 days. 300 mg orally twice daily for 7 days 100-mg clindamycin ovules Vaginally nightly for 3 days', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 662c0f6c-a3d9-48a4-b21a-0cc20ef76b87 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is having Maximum buffering capacity \nSelect and explain. \nA. Histidine, B. Cysteine, C. Tyrosine, D. Arginine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer-A- HistidineMaximum buffering capacity occurs at a pH equal to the pKa, So amino acid which has pKa range near physiologic pH can act as an effective buffer * lmidazole group of histidine - 6.5- 7.4 pKa range * SH group of cysteine- 8.5-9.0 pKa range * OH group of tyrosine - 9.5-10.5 pKa range* Arginine - > 12', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | f7d9f997-d9d6-40e0-a921-49bb343f8b52 | [{'content': 'For >10 mm setback of mandible, which of these surgeries is most suitable: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy, B. Vertical ramus osteotomy, C. Subapical osteotomy, D. Body osteotomy with extraction of premolars', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | de4374af-70ba-41e4-b46a-5159e73a690e | [{'content': 'In full tooth borne dentures occlusal rests transmits _________ percentage of occlusal forces to teeth: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 50%, B. 70%, C. 80%, D. 100%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 40a0dd3c-a176-4669-964e-5583d3917c4d | [{'content': 'The definition of pyrexia of unknown origin includes all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diagnosis requires fever persisting for 3 weeks, B. Fever undiagnosed after 1 week of in-patient workup, C. Absence of immunological compromise, D. Temperature of 38.3degC or more', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Fever undiagnosed after 1 week of in-patient workupAccording to new definition of fever of unknown origin,fever undiagnosed after I week of in-patient work up is not included.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ee904a2e-7494-46ef-b976-22be596ed44f | [{'content': 'Subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20 mg doxycycline, B. 60 mg doxycycline, C. 80 mg doxycycline, D. 150 mg doxycycline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 4032c899-2223-435f-a007-c513fd59a065 | [{'content': "A child has bilirubin of 4 mg. Conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase are normal, bile salts and bile in urine are absent. However urobilinogen in urine is raised. What is the likely diagnosis – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Obstructive jaundice, B. Rotor's syndrome, C. Biliary cholestasis, D. Hemolytic jaundice", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Important clues provided in question are -\n\n\nIncreased total bilirubin\n\nI So, T unconjugated bilirubin\n\nNormal conjugated bilirubin\n\n\nAmongst the given options, only hemolytic jaundice causes increased unconjugated bilirubin.\nRemaining three cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0215b959-5db1-413b-b23e-466268b727ce | [{'content': 'In mandibular primary second molar true statement is \nSelect and explain. \nA. ML is largest cusp and distobuccal is smallest, B. All buccal cusp are fo same size> all lingual cusp are of same size, C. DB is largest cusp, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7cca234a-7ab2-4afa-980e-6772bf3c3f31 | [{'content': 'The advantage of ultra speed hand piece is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low frequency and high amplitude make the patient comfortable, B. High frequency and low amplitude do not let the patient perceive pain, C. Less trauma, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ed4c848b-b400-4d78-9c27-417bb44cced3 | [{'content': 'Highest incidence of atypical root canal or root among all teeth is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular 1st premolar, B. Mandibular canine, C. Maxillary 1stpremolar, D. Mandibular 2nd premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | e4443b0c-20d3-464c-800b-b1ffe606f65d | [{'content': 'Which Hodgkin’s disease is associated with best prognosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lymphocytic predominance, B. Lymphocyte depletion, C. Mixed cellularity, D. Nodular sclerosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 26a82f11-4261-4975-bee9-ae8d4e74cdb7 | [{'content': '________occurs whenever there is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sudden Death, B. Stable angina, C. Unstable angina, D. Myocardial infarction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Biochemistry | 8b91d707-6038-40de-8833-d865318f791e | [{'content': 'Mutation seen in sickle cell anemia: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Point, B. Inseion, C. Deletion, D. Frame shift', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Sickle-cell anemia Due to a single base alteration Point mutation Glutamate at the 6th position of b-chain of haemoglobin is replaced by Valine. UCA (serine) UCU (Serine) CCA (Proline) UAA (Stop codon) Silent mutation Mis-sense mutation Non sense Mutation', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Microbiology | 653d9209-e3ec-4f56-bb30-6e9f74c210df | [{'content': 'Isolation period of measles:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Onset of prodromal stage until 7th day of rash, B. Eruptive stage until 2 days of rash, C. Onset of prodromal phase until 3rd day of rash, D. Eruptive stage until 7th day of rash', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Isolation period of measles is Onset of prodromal phase until 3rd day of rash. Maximum communicability occurs from onset of prodrome through the first 3-4 days of rash.Prodromal phase-stage last for 4 days(from 10th to 14th day of infection) characterized by Fever, Koplik spots , coryza, nasal discharge, redness .Incubation period of measles is 10 daysEruptive phase- Maculopapular rash appear after 4 days of fever (14day after infection)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | c953149a-a76d-47a2-8d08-35614f87217a | [{'content': 'Endocarditis culture sampling is done as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 culture 12 hrly, B. 1 culture 12 hrly, C. 2 culture 24 hrly, D. 3 culture separated by 1 hr over 24 hour', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 45c32d6f-deb0-456a-91e8-9d264d471c0a | [{'content': 'A 6-year old girl presents with fever tor the past 5 days, generalized erythematous rash, strawberry tongue and cervical lymphadenopathy. The most likely diagnosis is: (Asked twice) \nSelect and explain. \nA. Kimura disease, B. Kawasaki disease, C. Scarlet fever, D. Rosie-Dorfman syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Kawasaki diseaseThe most likely diagnosis is Kawasaki disease.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | ae4e70ec-f2cc-4afa-b122-cdb5a4eede13 | [{'content': 'Hematuria during labour in previous LSCS is sign \nSelect and explain. \nA. Impending rupture of scar, B. Urethral trauma, C. Prolong labour, D. Sepsis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Now friends - here in the question it is asked specifically that hematuria is seen in a patient with previous LSCS during\nlabour - which indicates impending rupture of scar.\n"There are no reliable signs of impending uterine rupture that occurs before labor, although the sudden appearance of gross hematuria is suggestive.”\nCOGDT 10/e, p 340\nHere in this questions obstructed labor is not given in the options, but even if it was given, I would have still opted for impending scar rupture as the question is specifically asking, in a case of previous LSCS.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 76dc78f2-39b2-47c0-97d1-3206032a777f | [{'content': 'Delayed haemolytic transfusion involves all except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Positive DAT, B. Spherocytes positive, C. Haemoglobinuria, D. Reduced haemoglobin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 986ca051-80d8-4e46-9351-574892825c07 | [{'content': 'All the following can lead to damage of the axillary nerve except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus, B. Intramuscular injection, C. Improper use of crutches, D. Shoulder dislocation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Improper use of crutches(Ref Apley's* 9/c p282)Improper use of crutches causes radial nerve palsy mostly rather than axillaty nerve injury.Radial Nerve Injury:Very high lesions may be caused by trauma or operations around the shoulder.Due to chronic compression in the axilla.Seen in drink & drug addicts who fall into a stupor with the arm dangling over the back of a chair - Saturday night palsy.In thin elderly patients using crutches - Crutch palsy.Weakness of wrist & hand.Paralysed triceps.Absent triceps reflex.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | 16c9d64f-af73-4cba-8699-8f4aeba2b60a | [{'content': 'An infant presented to the OPD with a history of vomiting and malnutrition. Patient has blue eyes, blonde hair & fair skin. On investigation, Guthrie test was found to be positive. All are true regarding this disease EXCEPT: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Due to PAH enzyme defect, B. White patch of hair due to tryptophan deficiency, C. Phenyl acetate positive in urine, D. Mental retardation is present', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: This is Phenyl-ketonuria. Guthrie's bacterial inhibition test is a screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU), used to detect the abnormal presence of phenylalanine metabolites in blood i.e. Phenyl pyruvate, Phenyl alanine & Phenyl-lactate. FeCl3 detects phenyl alanine levels in urine. WITH REGARDS TO OTHER OPTIONS In Phenylketonuria, Phenylalanine is accumulated due to deficiency of enzyme Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. As a result Phenylalanine is not conveed to Tyrosine and is responsible for mental retardation in patients. Tyrosine becomes essential in these patients. CILINICAL MANIFESTATION CNS - Mental retardation, failure to walk and talk, growth retardation, seizures, tremors, microcephaly. Pigmentation - melanin is synthesized from tyrosine. so in PKU melanin is less result in hypopigmentation that cause light skin colour, blue eyes, fair hair Treatment - low phenylalanine content diet", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 2ab8b27b-1646-4886-8378-f2f11f84a79e | [{'content': 'Which acid does not show coagulation necrosis on contact? \nSelect and explain. \nA. HC1, B. H,SO4, C. HF, D. HNO3', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. HF(Ref Reddy 34/e p493, 33/e p530; Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3/e p220; Forensic Pathology 3/ep241, 110).HF does not show coagulation necrosis on contact.Hydrofluoric acid causes liquefaction necrosis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology | 22627526-3f16-48c0-8dd7-e522a82da86f | [{'content': 'Hormones which is/are under inhibitory control of hypothalamus: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prolactin, B. Prolactin only, C. GH, D. Both GH and prolactin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Prolactin - predominantly under inhibitory control by the hypothalamus GH - hypothalamus exes inhibitory as well as stimulatory effect on GH secretion (GHIH = somatostatin has inhibitory effect on GH) (GHRH = stimulates GH secretion) Almost all secretions by the pituitary are controlled by either hormonal (anterior pituitary) or nervous (posterior pituitary) from the hypothalamus.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 70d87e90-4362-422a-9611-847021b23c33 | [{'content': 'In myocardial infarction the first enzyme to rise: \nSelect and explain. \nA. CPK, B. LDH, C. SGOT, D. Amylase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | b0ed6bc7-e3ee-4e1b-abf2-b0fecb47c96c | [{'content': 'In a blood sample antiserum A and antiserum B and Rh +ve factor is added. No agglutination is seen. This is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. O group and Rh+ve, B. O group and Rh-ve, C. AB group and Rh+ve, D. AB group and Rh-ve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 9700977a-4009-4233-8fab-fe55e727be6b | [{'content': 'A 22 years old male presented with history of fever, sore throat and enlarged neck lymph nodes. He was ordered a Paul-Bunnell test with a suspicion of Infectious mononucleosis. What is the immunological basis behind the use of this test? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Heterophile antibody test, B. Complement mediated agglutination reaction, C. Homophile antibody test, D. Latex agglutination test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Heterophile antibody testEpstein-Bat virus (EBV) infection includes specific antibodies to EBV and various unrelated non-EBV heterophile antibodies. These heterophile antibodies reuct to antigens from animal RBCs. Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile antibodies and are the basis for the Paul-Butrnell test.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 59ecbb71-66e3-4d3c-b963-b9ef607449e0 | [{'content': 'Histopathologic study of lichen planus shows: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrate, B. Presence of T-Lymphocytes predominantly, C. Antiepithelial antibodies, D. Scattered infiltrate with ill-defined lower border', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Histologic features of lichen planus include: \n\nSaw, tooth appearance of retepegs\nLiquefaction degeneration of basal layer which is replaced by thin band of eosinophilic coagulum\nPresence of civatte bodies\nCharacteristic band Like subepithelial mononuclear infiltrate consisting of T- lymphocytes and histiocytes sharply limited to papillary and most superficial portion of the reticular layers of connective tissue\nHyperparakeratosis or hyperorthokeratosis\nThickening of granular layer', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 0844f1cb-0ac7-4d91-ae09-45cb590b533d | [{'content': 'Markers of acute kidney injury inculde all of the following except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Micro RNA-122, B. Cystatin C, C. N-gal, D. Kim-1', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c3a007df-7c45-4ef1-a1b9-9814f4045ad2 | [{'content': 'The microwave method of processing resin is better than the conventional in that it provides: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Better shine, B. Less porosity, C. Less shrinkage, D. Color stability', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 86155521-ea6f-485e-b258-14c51d44578e | [{'content': 'A 19-year-old woman presented with primary amenorrhea, sho stature, webbed neck and widely spaced nipples. Examination showed weak pulses in lower extremity and streak ovaries, raised FSH, no oocyte in histology of ovary. Karyotype most likely to be present:KCET 12; JIPMER 12; AIIMS 13; PGI 13 \nSelect and explain. \nA. 45XO, B. 47XXY, C. 46XY, D. 46XX', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. 45XOTurner's syndrome is a genetic disease with a karyotype of 45, X or 46, XX/45, X (mosaicism) or other structural abnormalities of X chromosomes.With conventional chromosomal studies, about 50% of Turner syndrome patients show a 45,X pattern.* Mosaicism of 45,X with other cell lines such as 46,XX, 46,XY, or 47,XXX are common.* Structural abnormalities of an X chromosome (deletions, rings, or translocations), either isolated or mosaic with a 45,X or 46,XX cell line, are also seen.* With modern cytogenetic techniques, mosaicism is increasingly being detected.* The sho stature in Turner syndrome appears to be caused by the absence of one copy of the SHOX gene, which is located on the sho arm of the X chromosome.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f84f7b85-5106-4170-a49c-de1d0bc8bc7c | [{'content': 'Example of excavator are all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hoe, B. Ordinary hatchet, C. Enamel hatchet, D. Angle former', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The four subdivisions of excavators are\n\nOrdinary hatchets\nHoes\nAngle formers\nSpoons\n\nChisels are intended primarily for cutting enamel and may be grouped as\n\nStraight, slightly curved, or bin-angle\nEnamel hatchets\nGingival margin trimmers\n\nSturdevants operative dentistry 7th edition page e4', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 05898954-fc92-4bad-9b79-bfc238a3d416 | [{'content': 'The special visceral afferent fibres of the facial nerve are located in which nuclei: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Motor nucleus, B. Nucleus ambiguous, C. Nucleus of tractus solitarius, D. Lacrimatory nucleus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | a7a74ef5-0ff4-474c-b160-bd1c4fa24434 | [{'content': 'Best investigation for metabolic disorders is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Western blot, B. Tandem mass spectrometry, C. PCR, D. Gel electrophoresis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Most Powerful technique of screening of inborn error of metabolism is Tandem Mass Spectrometer. *TM Spectrometer combines two mass spectrometers. The first one is used to select a single (precursor) mass, which is characteristic of given analyte in the mixture. These selected ions are collided with neutral gas for activation. The second Mass Spectrometer is used to separate the fragment ions according to mass resulting in "MS/MS" or MS2 spectrum. Advantage is that large number of samples can be dealt with in a sho time.. *HPLC is used as a confirmatory test of the primary test by TMS. HPLC has limited capacity, so not a good screening method. * An alternative good screening method is Microfluorometry (MFL).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 00aa1776-c20f-40c5-9412-11932a24f9bf | [{'content': 'Strain is defined as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. An applied load or force, B. A deformation resulting from an applied load, C. An external force opposing an applied load, D. An internal force opposing an applied Load', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Strain—Change in dimension per unit initial dimension. For tensile and compressive strain, a change in length is measured relative to the initial reference length.\nStrain, or the change in length per unit length, is the relative deformation of an object subjected to a stress. Strain may\xa0be either elastic, plastic, elastic and plastic, or viscoelastic. Elastic strain is reversible. The object fully recovers its original shape when the force is removed.\xa0\nPhillips dental materials 12th edition page no 48, 51', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 769fac02-71ac-4554-bade-5d6a9a5edfb4 | [{'content': 'Which cement is irritating to the pulp? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Carboxylate cement, B. Zinc oxide-eugenol cement, C. Zinc phosphate, D. Ethoxybenzoic acid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The phosphoric acid in the liquid makes the mixture quite acidic and therefore cytotoxic, when a prosthesis is luted with\xa0this cement\xa0on\xa0a\xa0prepared\xa0tooth.\xa0As\xa0setting occurs,\xa0the\xa0acidity\xa0is\xa0partially\xa0neutralized,\xa0but\xa0the\xa0cement\xa0remains acidic after 24 hours, with the pH rising from about 3\xa0to\xa0about\xa06.\xa0For\xa0thin\xa0layers\xa0of\xa0dentin,\xa0a\xa0cavity\xa0liner\xa0(i.e.,Ca2)\xa0is\xa0recommended\xa0to\xa0prevent\xa0an\xa0adverse\xa0pulpal response from the pressure of luting, which forces acid into\xa0the\xa0pulp\xa0tissue.\xa0Younger\xa0patients\xa0are\xa0especially\xa0susceptible, because they have a more open dentin tubule area, whereas older patients with sclerotic dentin will have a more tortuous path that restricts the penetration of acid toward the pulp.\nKey concept\u200b\u200b :\npH of the cement\nThe acidity is high at the time of insertion due to phosphoric acid. At the time of cementation, the pH is 2 (approx.). As time passes, the acidity reduces. By the end of 24 hours, the pH is 5.5, which is still in the acidic range (neutral value is 7).\nPulpal response:\xa0The pulp response may be classified as moderate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 9966da1a-111f-4674-b558-d4f28759caff | [{'content': 'APGAR scores of 30 children are recorded in a hospital and most of the readings are found to be 7 or above. What can you make out about this data distribution? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Positively skewed data, B. Negatively skewed data, C. Normal distribution, D. Symmetrically skewed data', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Negatively skewed data(Ref Park 24Ie p886, 23Ie p847, 22Ie p786; High Yield Statistics/p67)Since more number of children has a higher APGAR score, the tail of the distribution curve will be towards the right.Hence, the data will be negatively skewed.Skewed Data Negative skewPositive skewLeft tail is longerdegMass of distribution is concentrated on the right of figuredegDistribution is said to be left-skewed, left-tailed, or skewed to the leftdeg.Right tail is longerdegMass of distribution is concentrated on the left of figuredeg.Distribution is said to be right-skewed, right-tailed, or skewed to the rightdeg.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9a4a67be-7443-404f-b8fe-48173b84046b | [{'content': 'Is it possible to remove centric interference and working interference by reducing supporting cusps in natural dentition: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Yes, B. No, C. Yes but we should avoid it, D. It is not possible to remove both the interferences simultaneously.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 0e7c7436-6b35-4b36-b2f2-914d34992d11 | [{'content': 'Incision given within hairline, 45° to zygoma is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gillis temporal, B. Alkat Bramley, C. Risdon, D. Morey', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 714eb700-67f2-4ce9-ab0d-ffdf8660ac08 | [{'content': 'Which of the following has least density? \nSelect and explain. \nA. VLDL, B. LDL, C. HDL, D. Chylomicrons', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Major Classes of Lipoproteins:\nBased on ultracentrifugation, in the ascending order of density is\n\nChylomicrons (Least density)\nVery Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)\nLow Density Lipoproteins (LDL)\nCaps-Intermediate density Lipoproteins (IDL)\nHigh Density Lipoproteins (HDL)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 13bd873e-5bc0-4ae0-9ff3-527d40dc3fa5 | [{'content': 'A 42 years old male patient presented with jaundice. His AST was 48 U, ALT was 51 U, ALP, GGTP were normal. Ultrasound of liver was suggestive of cirrhosis. Viral markers were done and the following results were obtained.TestResultAnti-HAVNegativeAnti-HBsAgNegativeAnti-HBeAgNegativeAnti-HBcAg IgGPositiveAnti-HBcAg IgMNegativeHBsAgNegativeAnti-HCVPositiveAnti-HEVNegativeWhat is the next best step in management of this patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sta interferon therapy, B. Liver biopsy, C. -PCR for hepatitis C virus, D. PCR for HBV-DNA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. -PCR for hepatitis C virus(Ref Harrison 19/e p2017, 2018: 18/e p2551)Positive Anti-HBcAg IgG:Mere indicator of hepatitis B infection in past.Positive Anti-HCV antibody:Most sensitive indicator of HCV infection - Presence of HCV.Presence of Anti-HCV antibody points to hepatitis C infection a Hence HCV-RNA levels determined to establish chronic hepatitis C diagnosis before staing Interferon therapy.Requires molecular amplification by PCR.Testing for HCV RNA or repeat anti-HCV testing later stages - Necessary to establish diagnosis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy | 7060bcf3-fde4-41e3-ad46-260857a92b46 | [{'content': 'Action of the muscle marked (with arrow) on mandible is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Elevation, B. Depression, C. Retraction, D. Protraction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Muscle marked - temporalis Elevators of mandible: MTM Masseter Elevation, protraction Temporalis Elevation retraction Medial pterygoid Elevation, protraction Depressors of mandible Lateral pterygoid Depression, protraction Mylohyoid Depression Ant. belly of digastric Depression Muscle of mastication develop from 1st pharyngeal arch Nerve - mandibular branch of trigeminal.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 8b84483e-3b11-4c8b-8e10-ba9f512b7341 | [{'content': 'Which is associated with defect in DNA repair \nSelect and explain. \nA. Xeroderma pigmentosum, B. Albinism, C. Icthyosis, D. Sickle cell anaemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 399563b2-ad18-41a9-82bc-3d49e1642fd9 | [{'content': 'A child to emergency with accidental ingestion of cyanide. It blocks citric acid cycle by blocking: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aconitase, B. Acetyl-CoA production, C. NAO, D. Citrate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. NAORef: Harper 30Ie p132)Cyanide blocks citric acid cycle by blocking NAD+', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c68dea51-2e4e-4276-89b2-30b2337be400 | [{'content': 'When a dentist says that " I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide:" He is employing: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Problem ownership., B. Voice control, C. Tolerance., D. Flexibility.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Problem ownership:\n\nNegative messages like \'You must sit still\'; undermine the rapport between child and dentist. "You" messages carry the implication that the child is wrong.\nInstead "I" messages increase the flow of information. Eg: I cannot fix your teeth if you do not open your mouth wide. This is called problem ownership.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 78b95ab4-b15f-4942-b618-8b36e946a5d0 | [{'content': 'A 55-year-old male presents with severe backache for 10 days and urinary incontinence with a H/o Interveebral lumbar disc prolapse. There is no H/o fever or weight loss. What is the likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Potts spine, B. Multiple myeloma, C. Cauda equine syndrome, D. Bone metastasis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C: Cauda equine syndromeRef: Apley!c system of ohopaedics and fracture 9" ed., pg. 246,480Cauda equina is tuft of fibres which begins at the end of spinal cord.Compression over this pa may cause cauda equina syndrome.Causes of Cauda equina syndrome are:Lumbar disc herniation, Spinal canal stenosis, Trauma, Abscess etc.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0fd4145e-dd41-4526-be14-77e4dc457b1d | [{'content': 'Metallic taste is due to SnF in saliva is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stannous triphosphate, B. Stannic triphosphate, C. Tin hydroxyl phosphate, D. Stannous hydroxide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | edd8ad29-2dd6-4e4b-8494-0f6af658444d | [{'content': 'Pediatric patient planned for costochondral graft for TMJ ankylosis is intubated best by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Topical anesthesia plus sedation, B. General anaesthesia, C. Awake fibreoptic intubation, D. Tracheostomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | e9c312b7-2cc1-41ec-8daa-a55d69514721 | [{'content': 'Thyroglossal fistula is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lined by squamous epithelium, B. Causes a bulge in neck, C. Inflammatory lesion, D. Precancerous lesion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 75394ad7-5dde-4b6b-8cec-7365972b5dd6 | [{'content': 'Fluoride pit and fissure sealants belong to which\ngeneration? \nSelect and explain. \nA. I, B. II, C. III, D. IV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: TYPES OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS\n1. Based on curing method:\nFirst generation:\n\nPolymerized with ultraviolet light of 350 nm wavelength.\xa0\nAbsorbs UV light excessively and prevents complete polymerization of the sealant.\xa0\nLight intensity varies from lamp to lamp.\n\nSecond generation:\n\nSelf-cured or chemically cured.\xa0\nMost of them were unfilled.\xa0\nCan be transparent, opaque or tinted.\xa0\nFilled show increased wear and abrasion resistance than unfilled.\n\nThird generation - Visible light cured of 480-490 nm wavelength.\xa0\nFourth generation -\xa0With addition of fluoride for\xa0added benefit.\nSoben Peter\n5th edition\nPage no. 440', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2e8bf810-fae5-49c4-8d7d-b27d8073d414 | [{'content': "Which of the following is true about Catlan's appliance? \nSelect and explain. \nA. It is used to treat cross-bite of maxillary posterior teeth, B. It is constructed on the lower anterior teeth with an inclined plane, C. If used for a long period it results in anterior deep bite, D. Of constructed on the upper anterior teeth it has a 45 degree angulation", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0209aeca-8c86-4341-afbf-d702a7f4f47c | [{'content': 'Which teeth are least involved in periodontitis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lower incisor and lower molar, B. Lower premolar and upper canine, C. Upper molars and upper incisors, D. Lower incisors and upper molars', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |