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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c2f14586-a3c9-42c3-8b6a-d287acf43802 | [{'content': 'The appropriate force required to tip a tooth is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10 - 20mg, B. 35 - 60mg, C. 50 - 70mg, D. 70 - 100mg', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 2767698c-2189-4770-a4fd-825b7b7edf9c | [{'content': "Function of Merkel's cells is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tactile sensation, B. Melanophage, C. Chemoreceptor, D. Proprioception", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 43d111d5-07dd-464c-88c4-c14a27b9f6be | [{'content': 'Which of the following is function of fluoride flux in soldering process? \nSelect and explain. \nA. It prevents the formation of copper oxide, B. It prevents the formation of chromium oxide or dissolves chromic oxide layer, C. It prevents the flow of material in undesirable area, D. Increases the strength of solder', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 9d63d4fc-1da3-43f5-ba51-411f790407f9 | [{'content': 'Hyperparathyroidism is associated with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Renal stones, B. Bone resorption, C. Increased level of serum calcium, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 73d2ddbf-2000-467a-bc80-124ea437da9c | [{'content': 'Surgery on the hard palate of a 3 years old cleft patient may inhibit growth, causing the facial profile to become: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Straight, B. Elongated, C. Shortened, D. More concave', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 849108f1-8775-44ab-982d-c8907f399efc | [{'content': "A 16-year old girl was brought with primary amenorrhea. Her mother mentioned that she staed developing breast at the age of 12. She was prescribed OCPs 2 years back by a doctor with no effect. She was having normal stature and was a football player. On examination, breasts were well developed (Tanner's stage 5) and pubic hair was minimal (Tanner's stage 1). What is the most probable diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Premature ovarian failure, B. Turner's syndrome, C. Miillerian agenesis, D. Androgen insensitivity", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Androgen insensitivity(Ref: Shawl 16/e p141, 15/e p111-112; Novaks 14/1037-1038; Dutta Gvnae 6/e p424)Most likely diagnosis here is androgen insensitivity syndrome.Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome:Also referred as "Testicular feminization".An X-linked recessive condition.Results in failure of normal masculinization of external genitalia in chromosomally male individuals.Testes produce normal amounts of mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF), also known as mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) or anti-mullerian hormone/factor (AMH/AMF),Features:Absence of fallopian tubes, a uterus, or proximal (upper) vagina.Identified in newborn period - By presence of inguinal masses & later identified as testes during surgery.Sometimes diagnosed in teenage years during primary amenorrhea evaluation.Absence of pubic & axillary hair in adolescent patients.Scanty body hair & lack of acne.Yet normal breast - Due to testosterone to estradiol conversion.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pediatrics | a9eb877d-bc11-4923-88b2-97193a8d52eb | [{'content': 'Absence of which of the given milestones in a 3 year old child should be called delayed development? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hopping on one leg, B. Drawing square, C. Feeding by spoon, D. Catching a ball reliably', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: 18 Months Walks up/down stairs with help Throws a ball overhand Jumps in place Builds 3-4 blocks tower Turns 2-3 book pages Scribbles Uses cup and spoon 10+ word vocabulary Identifies common objects Has temper tantrums Understands ownership ("mine") Imitates others 3-4 years old Movements milestones Hops and stands on one foot up to five seconds Goes upstairs and downstairs without suppo Kicks ball forward Throws b all overhand Catches bounced ball most of the time Moves forward and backward with agility Milestones in hand and finger skills Copies square shapes Draws a person with two to four body pas Uses scissors Draws circles and squares Begins to copy some capital letters', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 0b749e6e-3f81-4303-9377-3b49a2bd6ee5 | [{'content': 'Which of the following tooth structure during formation\nis most effected due to Vit -A deficiency \nSelect and explain. \nA. Enamel, B. Dentin, C. Cementom, D. Periodontal Ligament', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 8d77827e-91fd-4d45-a89e-0b7e2e0e9c99 | [{'content': "Indications for caesarean section in pregnancy are all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Eisenmenger's syndrome, B. Aortic stenosis, C. MR, D. Aortic regurgitation", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Cardiac indications for cesarean section:\n\nAortic aneurysm or dilated aortic root ≥ 4 cm\nMarfans syndrome with aortic involvement\nSevere symptomatic aortic stenosis\nAcute severe congestive heart failure\nRecent MI\nNeed for emergency valve replacement immediately after delievery\nA patient who is fully anticoagulated with warfarin at the time of labor needs to be counseled for cesarean section because the baby is also anticoagulated and vaginal delivery carries increase risk to the fetus of intracranial hemorrhage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 32a94b3a-7d3c-4586-bbc0-e70f4d07e31a | [{'content': 'Brachycephaly is due to fusion of – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parietal suture, B. Sagittal suture, C. Lambdoid suture, D. Coronal suture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 28b161b6-372b-497e-828b-1321193679c7 | [{'content': 'The forces acting through a fixed partial denture on the\nabutment tooth should be directed: \nSelect and explain. \nA. As far as possible at right angles to the long axis of the teeth, B. Parallel to the long axis of the teeth, C. By decreasing the mesio-distal dimension, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 27a7c775-991f-4c8d-8ba3-3783c3bf92db | [{'content': 'All of the following drugs require dose reduction in renal failure except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Amphotericin B, B. Vancomycin, C. Gentamicin, D. Doxycycline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Those drugs which are secreted in bile do not require dose reduction in renal disease. Doxycycline is secreted in bile, so it is safe in renal failure Drugs (commonly asked) safe in renal diseases include: Safe (Cef): Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone In The: Tigecycline R: Rifampicin E: Erythromycin N: Nafcillin A: Ampicillin L: Lincosamides (Clindamycin) Disease: Doxycycline', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 28b7a6ea-c657-4da7-81dc-88457a064655 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not used in osteoporosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Milnacipran, B. PTH, C. Strontium ranelate, D. Denosumab', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Milnacipran(Ref. Goodman Gilman 12/e p1299; Katzung 13/e p761-762, 12/e p775; Harrison 19/e p2493, 18/c' p3120; Apley 9/e p /3 I-133)Milnacipran:Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).Approved for treatment of pain in fibromyalgia, not in osteoporosis.Drugs useful in OsteoporosisInhibit Bone ResorptionStimulates Bone Both actionBisphosphonates: Alendronate, risedronate & etidronateCalcium receptor agonist: CinacalcetCalcitoninSERMs: Tamoxifen, raloxifeneGallium nitrateRANKL inhibitors: DonesumabTeriparatideCalciumCalcitriolFluorideStrontium ranelate", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | f841125e-342d-4ad5-9138-4acd357f08c6 | [{'content': 'Consistent radiographs require: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Long cone technique, B. Fixed kvp & mA, C. Automatic processing, D. Proper developing', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | a13b245e-56b4-43cd-84fe-1c83ac2badeb | [{'content': 'All of the following are true about augmentation of labor except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Twin pregnancy precludes the use of oxytocin, B. Amniotomy decreases the need for oxytocin use, C. Methods of augmentation does not increase the risk of operational management, D. Associated with a risk of uterine hyper stimulation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Twin pregnancy precludes the use of oxytocin'Augmentation of labour is the process of stimulating the uterus to increase the frequency, duration and intensity of contractions after the onset of spontaneous labour. It has commonly been used to treat delayed labour when poor uterine contractions are assessed to be the underlying cause. The traditional methods of labour augmentation have been with the use of intravenous ocytocin infusion and aificial rupture of the membranes (amniotomy).", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 69c15b27-e061-413c-a011-854ea197f141 | [{'content': 'Nucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nucleus solitarius, B. Nucleus ambiguus, C. Dentate nucleus, D. Red nucleus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The nucleus ambiguus is a group of large motor neurons, situated deep in the medullary reticular formation. The nucleus ambiguus contains the cell bodies of nerves that innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx which are strongly associated with speech and swallowing.\nNucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves is\xa0 nucleus ambiguous.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 23452aab-77af-4d16-ad42-8563863aa899 | [{'content': 'Acromegaly occurs: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Before closure of epiphyses of long bones, B. After closure of epiphyses of long bones, C. Not related to closure of epiphyses of long bones, D. Depending on functioning on posterior Pituitary gland', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 191548fb-ba97-4ff9-9c4f-681747cff0c1 | [{'content': "Fordyce's spots are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fat tissue embedded in buccal mucosa, B. Red spots, C. Present on the cheek mucosa lateral to angle of the mouth, D. All of the above", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0849c1f4-59c8-4984-bbf5-bbe26d241f17 | [{'content': 'The tipping of a tooth results in the fibers of the PDL to be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. All compressed, B. All stretched, C. Half compressed half stretched, D. No effect', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | b2378ac9-d9c4-415f-9e8d-f77a39b6117a | [{'content': 'A 6-month child presented with diarrhea and vomiting for three days. Which of the following enterotoxin is most likely responsible for the condition? \nSelect and explain. \nA. NSP4, B. NSP6, C. VP3, D. VP7', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. NSP4Rotavirus nonstractural protein 4 (NSP4) is known to function as an intracellalar receptor at the endoplssmic reticalam (ER) critical to virul morphogenesis and is the first characterized virul enterotoxin.The associntion of NSP4 snd cuveolin-I contributes to NSP4 intrqcellular trfficking from the ER to the cell surfuce and speculate that exogenously added NSP4 stimulutes sigaaling molecules located in caveola microdomains.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 16380c80-a853-44da-b7a8-e9a8e8aaab67 | [{'content': 'Most common site of CSF Rhinorrhoea is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ethmoidal sinus, B. Frontal sinus, C. Petrous bone, D. Cribriform plate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2617e9f9-7ba9-4f7c-b182-f7dbff771148 | [{'content': 'Lymph from tongue not drained by following vessels \nSelect and explain. \nA. Central, B. Ventral, C. Posterior, D. Marginal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 2075da99-9c63-4a88-944a-b1abd40f6720 | [{'content': 'Vitamin K: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Helps in formation of prothrombin, B. Inhibition of antithrombin, C. Prevention of capillary fragility, D. Stimulation of hematopoiesis in red bone marrow', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 9694e5f6-a417-49f7-a455-7a8d08c68f5c | [{'content': 'The primary site of action of antidiuretic hormone is on the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney, B. Afferent arterioles of the glomeruli, C. Thirst center in the hypothalamus, D. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2dc17e8f-306a-433c-995c-9903dcaf4ccc | [{'content': 'The part of the mandible which ossify in cartilage is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Coronoid process, B. Condylar process, C. Upper half of ramus above the level of mandibular foramen, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: The mandible is the second bone, next to the clavicle, to ossify in the body. Its greater part ossifies in membrane. The parts ossifying in cartilage include the incisive part below the incisor teeth, the coronoid and condyloid processes, and the upper half of the ramus above the level of the mandibular foramen.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | af87accb-34b2-42de-be48-16e94bbf22ab | [{'content': 'In a cerebrohepatorenal syndrome, which of the following accumulate in brain? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyruvate, B. Sho-chain fatty acid, C. Very long-chain fatty acid, D. Acetyl CoA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Zellweger syndrome Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome. Impaired neuronal migration, hypomyelination, hepatomegaly, renal cysts Autosomal recessive Rare Absence of Peroxisomes in almost all tissues, peroxisomes are responsible of oxidation of very long chain fatty acid which contain more than 22 carbon Accumulation of polyenic acids in brain, with carbon > 22 Severe neurological symptoms Most patients die within 1st year of life.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 679512f7-f5af-4b3a-b7a1-851938dec9c5 | [{'content': "Patient's cross-infection with sensor, in digital radiography/RVG is prevented by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cover with autoclaved cloth with each use, B. Wipe with ethyl alcohol in each patient, C. Clean with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in each patient, D. Cover with impervious barrier", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d8458f0b-fe46-465b-9f9d-85ff2379f6e1 | [{'content': 'Term "Clean Tooth Never Decays" given by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Perrie Fauchard, B. Leon J Williams, C. Dean, D. MJ Rihanna', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 422e1a54-04f3-4193-ac55-61c4ae8b23a9 | [{'content': 'intermediate of kreb cycle used in heme synthesis; \nSelect and explain. \nA. succinyl-CoA, B. Alpha ketoglutarate, C. Citrate, D. Aspaate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer (A) succinyl-CoAAll the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin molecule are provided by glycine(a nonessential amino acid) and succinyl coenzyme A (an intermediate in the citric acid cycle) that condense to form ALA in a reaction catalyzed by ALA synthase(ALAS)Heme synthesis also requires a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle and an oxygen supply.Heme synthesis stas in mitochondria with the condensation of succinyl-CoA with the amino acid glycine, activated by pyridoxal phosphate.ALA synthase is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme synthesis. ALA molecules enter the cytoplasm, where their union in the presence of ALA dehydratase yields porphobilinogen(PBG) and water molecules.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | a1afec74-7884-4775-ba33-b22046d16a4c | [{'content': 'Patient with Type I diabetes mellitus, with complains of polyuria. Which of the following will occur normally in his body? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glycogenesis in muscle, B. Increased protein synthesis, C. Increased conversion of fatty acid to acetyl CoA, D. Decreased cholesterol synthesis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The diabetic situation is same as fasting i.e. breakdown or catabolism will be increased & anabolism or synthesis is decreased. So in Diabetes, fats (TG) are broken down in adipose tissue to give fatty acids. These fatty acids go in blood & then to the liver. In liver, these fatty acids are broken down by beta-oxidation of fatty acids to give Acetyl CoA. This excess acetyl CoA obtained from fatty acids breakdown is used for the formation of fats e.g. fatty acids, endogenous TGs, VLDL & cholesterol. This is the only anabolic thing occurring in the liver of diabetic patients. Options A & B - wrong as the body is mainly in catabolism, not anabolism. Option C is correct i.e. increased conversion of fatty acid to Acetyl CoA. Option D - wrong- There is increased cholesterol synthesis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8ad57c73-2ace-4454-810b-03aebb65f424 | [{'content': 'Reactive oxygen metabolite in lysosomes is released by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Peroxidase, B. NADPH oxidase, C. Superoxide dismutase, D. Catalase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 91670015-d49a-46d1-9ca2-925f832c300e | [{'content': 'Square root of pq/n indicates: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Standard error of mean, B. Standard error of difference of means, C. Standard error of proportions, D. Standard error of difference in proportions', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fac1c57f-f361-406f-a09e-007278ccec16 | [{'content': 'Which of the following should be treated by using a \ntissue conditioner material? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tissue symptoms related to diabetes mellitus, B. Generalized ridge hyperplasia, C. Traumatized mucosa caused by ill fitting dentures, D. Sharp residual ridge in molar area', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 4a131164-eb3c-4152-9556-b81ae98e2066 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not an indication for evisceration? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Malignancy, B. Panophthalmitis, C. Severe globe trauma, D. Expulsive hemorrhage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Malignancy(Ref Yanoff and Duker 4/e p1339)Evisceration of eye is not done in malignancy.Evisceration:Surgical technique removing entire intraocular eye contents.Simpler procedure than enucleation surgery.Advantages:Leaves scleral shell & extraocular muscle attachments intact.Offers better orbital anatomy preservation & natural motility of ophthalmic socket tissues.Contraindications:Documented or suspected intraocular malignant tumors.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 721d3b8f-c3a4-4f82-899a-db8078710935 | [{'content': "The one measurement of fetal maturity that is not affected by a 'bloody tap' during amniocentesis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. L/S ratio, B. Phosphatidyl glycerol, C. α-fetoprotein, D. Bilirubin as a measured by DOD 450", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The best test to detect fetal lung maturity in diabetic mothers is presence of phophatidyl glycerol (PG) in amniotic fluid. If PG is present in amniotic fluid fetal lungs are considered mature and vice versa.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f3a56182-648b-4ca9-9e60-6ef497b1b54f | [{'content': 'Sensitivity in gingival area of class II light cured composite restoration after 2 months is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Improper cavity preparation at gingival margin, B. Curing from occlusal area only, C. Addition of resin in multiple increments, D. Curing from buccal and lingual aspect', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 961cefc7-4740-4428-89fc-32f3782b5f5d | [{'content': 'Which dentifrices should be used for periodontal patients? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tooth powders with high abrasive content, B. Tooth pastes with high abrasive content, C. Tooth pastes with minimum abrasive content, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 1bcbe056-96b4-41aa-a7aa-044d7d2ac555 | [{'content': 'A young patient is diagnosed to have irreparable tear of the rotator cuff. Treatment of choice will be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tendon transfer, B. Total shoulder replacement, C. Reverse c shoulder replacement, D. Acromioplasty', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Tendon transfer(Ref Apley 9/e p347,348)Treatment of choice for irreparable tear of rotator cuff in young patient = Tendon transfer.Subacromial decompression and debridement of degenerate cuff tissue:Useful for irreparable massive full thickness tears.Pain relief allows reasonable shoulder abduction by remaining muscles.Other methods:Supraspinatus advancement.Latissimus dorsi transfer.Rotator cuff transposition.Fascia Iota autogruit.Synthetic tendon graft.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 7d6455c7-5b76-4e75-84e6-0e37f920fa5a | [{'content': 'A 22 year old female in emergency presents with sore throat from 3 days, headache and vomiting, blood pressure 90/50, tiny red spots distal to sphygomomanometer cuff \nSelect and explain. \nA. Brucella species, B. Neisseria Meningitidis, C. P.falciparum, D. Salmonella species', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | e99cd253-50f5-421d-a17b-eeb17ed1999c | [{'content': 'A young male complains of burning sensation upon urination and a purulent urethral discharge. Gram stain of the specimen shows pus cells with Gram negative diplococci. What is not true about the organism? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pili is a virulence factor, B. Intracellular obligate, C. Show twitching motility, D. It is both catalase and oxidase positive', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The picture depicts Neisseria gonorrhea which have pili as a virulence factor and are both catalase and oxidase positive and show slow twitching (false kind of motility) But are not strict intracellular aerobes.it could be extracellular.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f32e7596-5c32-4ea2-922d-d2c60d0e3097 | [{'content': 'Hypogonadism, developmental delay, loss of taste and\nsmell is due to deficiency of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cu, B. Zn, C. K, D. Cr', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | e8b34af9-6a4b-42cf-90ce-fb46a23db79d | [{'content': 'Characteristics radiological feature of transient tachypnoea of newborn is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Reticulogranular appearance, B. Low volume lungs, C. Prominent horizontal fissure, D. Air bronchogram', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The lungs are generally clear without rales or rhonchi and chest roentgenogram shows\n\n\nProminent pulmonary vascular markings\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 ❑ Overaeration\nFluid lines in the fissure\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 ❑ Flat diaphragms\nProminent inter lobar fissure\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 ❑ Occasionally pleural fluid.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | c605ec0d-1c44-4ac9-a57d-df54ba52bb0e | [{'content': '16 year girl, Not sexually active, came for vaccination against cervical cancer. Which vaccine to be given \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gardasil, B. Rubavac, C. Biovac, D. Tdap', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Quadrivalent Gardasil and the bivalent Cervarix against HPV subtypes 16 and 18. 97% to 100% efficacy for preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (C1N) grades 2 and 3 caused by HPV 16 or 18 in females who were not previously infected However, efficacy was only 44% in those who were infected prior to vaccination. A third HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, an additional five high-risk subtypes (HPV 31/33/45/52/58)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | dfdb6250-ea23-4154-b381-ff16ea720fb8 | [{'content': 'plate endings are features of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nuclear chain fibres, B. Nuclear bag fibres, C. Golgi tendon, D. Extra fusal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 2166e021-8b96-47ad-9e4d-fa55a623938b | [{'content': 'Tuberculin test is a cheap and easily available test. In which of the following situations there is high failure in the interpretation of the test? \nSelect and explain. \nA. High percentage of immunized people, B. HIV cases are less, C. High prevalence of disease, D. Environmental mycobacterium infections are less', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. High percentage of immunized people(Ref Park 24/e p195-196, 23/e p186)High failure of tuberculin test:High percentage of immunized people - Due to higher BCG coverage producing tuberculin hypersensitivity.Exaggerated responses:In presence of atypical mycobacteria infection & 'boosting effect' of second tuberculin dose producing larger reaction than 1st.Tuberculin test lost its sensitivity as an indicator of true prevalence of infection.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 1acc9c45-12a8-4fd0-92e6-c7980c21348a | [{'content': 'Which of the following parameters is used to determine the sensitivity of vaccine due to heat? \nSelect and explain. \nA. VVM, B. VMV, C. VCM, D. VMM', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. VVMRef: K Park, 23'd ed, pg. 110VVM (Vaccine Vial Monitor)VVM is a label containing a heat-sensitive material which is placed on a vaccine l to register cumulative heat exposure over time.It has outer blue circle and inner white square.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | a79f09ab-a292-4a46-ac30-dbf9daadc72a | [{'content': 'A young man was on high protein diet. After 3 days he developed weakness. Blood investigation revealed hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is due to inhibition of which of the following enzymes \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glucose 6 phosphatase, B. Glycogen phosphorylase, C. Phosphoglucomutase, D. PEP carboxylase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. PEP carboxylase', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Radiology | dd0e6433-1998-4d01-bd39-8c64bfa0dd4f | [{'content': 'A 8 year old child presented with cough and fever since 15 days. On auscultation, decreased air entry was found on right side. A CXR was done and shown below. What is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Consolidation, B. Abscess, C. Hydatid Cyst, D. Congenital. AV Malformation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Rt. upper lobe Consolidation Ill-defined radio-opacity in the right upper lobe-Obscuration/Silhouetting the right hea border No tracheal detion NOTE:* Silhouetting of right hea border - Rt. Middle lobe pathology* Silhouetting of left hea border - Lingular pathology Normal CXR RML Consolidation Lung abscess: Hydatid cyst Presence of Air fluid levels Shows cystic lesion with multiple floating membranes', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | fff1837f-cb64-4f0a-9832-6d611b8e9f28 | [{'content': 'Malaria control means \nSelect and explain. \nA. To reduce Malaria moality to Zero, B. To prevent local transmission for 3 years, C. To reduce Malaria disease so that its no longer a Public Health Problem, D. To reduce Incidence to Zero', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: - Disease control is determined by, 1. Reduction of Incidence 2. Reduction of duration of disease 3. Reduction of complications 4. Reduction of financial burden to the community. - Reducing incidence to zero Localized - Elimination Worldwide - Eradication - If the chain of transmission has been reasonably interrupted for minimum 3 years, ceificate of Elevation of malaria from world Health Organisation is given.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dcefed9b-19be-4331-ac01-6876e7d194f4 | [{'content': 'Which of the following bacteria is responsible for progression of dental caries: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Actinomyces spp., B. Proteolytic bacteria, C. Acidogenic bacteria, D. Gram positive bacteria', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 51bdbdd1-de3d-45e7-8bfb-dbd36e1ae434 | [{'content': '4yr boy absence of right testes, diagnostic laparoscopy done, a blind end vessel seen what to do next? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Open laprotomy, B. Nothing to be done, C. Scrotal approach, D. Inguinal approach', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. Inguinal approachCryptorchidism is the most common congenital abnormality of the genitourinary tract.Cryptorchidism means hidden testis.An absent testis may be due to agenesis or atrophy secondary to intrauterine vascular compromise also known as the "vanishing testis syndrome".Bilaterally absent testes is anorchia which is 10% cases.More common on Right Side.Complications of undescended testesTorsion can be seen in incomplete testicular descentSterility is seen in bilateral cases (especially intra-abdominal testes)Incomplete testicular descent predisposes to malignant disease; cancer is more common in an incompletely descended testes-orchidopexy may or may not diminish the risk.Atrophy of an inguinal testes before pubey may possibly be caused by recurrent minor trauma.In patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis, a descended testis that is larger than expected suggests an atrophic undescended testis; confirmation requires surgical intervention typically diagnostic laparoscopy to seek an intra-abdominal testis or confirm testicular agenesis. However, scrotal or inguinal exploration is sometimes done if a testicular remnant distal to the internal inguinal ring is suspected.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bb51425d-0636-48c5-89ca-4358036b933b | [{'content': 'If multiple firing is done to opaque layer of dental porcelain than It become \nSelect and explain. \nA. Too Smooth, B. Too glazed, C. Become more opaque, D. Crack', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3298a422-a9d1-4c22-969e-7141e50e8552 | [{'content': 'Distolingual extension of the mandibular impression for \na complete denture is limited by the action of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stylohyoid muscle, B. Medial pterygoid muscle, C. Lateral pterygoid muscle, D. Superior constrictor muscle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | a30f9a2b-52f0-4880-980d-d56de2a88910 | [{'content': 'Among the following propeies of dopamine, which of them is not helpful in acute shock? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alpha-1 agonist action leading to peripheral vasoconstriction, B. Increase in renal perfusion due to agonist action on DI receptors, C. Releases noradrenaline and causes positive inotropic effect, D. Direct action on hea beta-1 receptors', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Increase in renal perfusion due to agonist action on DI receptors(Ref: Goodman Gilman 13Ie p1062, 12/e p355; KDT 71e p134, 6Ie p507)Dopamine at low concentrations (2 to 5 mug/kg per minute) primarily acts on vascular D, receptors, especially in the renal, mesenteric, and coronary beds.Increased renal perfusion caused by dopamine due to DI agonism (at low doses) doesn't improves survival in acute shock.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | f1cbc766-a7ea-44ec-ba8b-997ffc3a028a | [{'content': '3.5 kg term male baby, born of uncomplicated pregnancy, developed, respiratory distress at birth, not responded to surfactant, ECHO finding revealed nothing abnormal, X–ray showed ground glass appearance and culture negative. Apgars 4 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes. History of one month female sibling died before. What is the diagnosis ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. TAPVC, B. Meconium aspiration, C. Neonatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, D. Diffuse herpes simplex infection', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: "Respiratory distress in an infant along with a positive family history of similarly affected newborn infants strongly suggests, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis".\nPulmonary alveolar proteinosis \n\nPulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a disorder characterized by the intraalveolar accumulation of pulmonary surfactant.\nTwo clinically distinct forms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis are seen -\n\n\nFatal form\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 -->\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Presenting shortly after birth (congenital PAP)\n\nu Gradually progressive form -->\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Presenting in older infants and children\nPathology\n\nAlthough the mechanisms that lead to alveolar proteinosis are undefined, histological findings suggests that they result in a disruption of pulmonary surfactant metabolism.\nThe main surface tension lowering agent in surfactant is phospholipids le. primary dipalmitol phosphatidyl choline.\nHowever DPCC needs surfactant protein (in endogenous and natural surfactants) for efficient dispersion which enables the formation of a phospholipid monolayer on the alveolar surface.\nThere are two surfactant proteins present in the body i.e., protein A and protein B.\nIn pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, there is absence of protein B.\nIn the absence of protein B, the rapid spread and absorption of the phospholipid (DPCC) does not take place so they cannot form a phospholipid monolayer on the alveolar surface.\nThis in turn leads to failure of expansion of alveoli leading to poor cardiorespiratory adaptation at birth.\n\nClinical manifestation -\n\nThis disorder is immediately apparent in the newborn period and rapidly leads to respiratory failure.\nCongenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from more common disorders of the newborn that lead to respiratory failure including pneumonia, generalized bacterial infection, respiratory distress syndrome and total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction.\n\nDiagnosis\n\nHistopathological examination of lung biopsy specimen is the gold standard for diagnosis.\nOn histopathological examination distal air spaces are filled with a granular, eosinophillic material that stains\n\npositively with periodic - acid schiff reagent and is diastase resistant.\nTreatment\n\nUntreated, alveolar proteinosis in newborns is rapidly fatal and no successful medical therapy has been developed.\nRepeated bronchoalveolar lavage is a temporizing measure.\nLung transplantation is the only therapeutic option but its use is limited by concerns about disease recurrence.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 0671ba93-8d80-4028-be83-24a1d3adec61 | [{'content': 'Upper lip is formed by the fusion of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary and lateral nasal process., B. Lateral nasal and median nasal process., C. Maxillary, lateral nasal, median nasal process., D. Maxillary, mandibular, lateral nasal, median nasal process.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 5ca66e2e-503b-4847-a729-c8be53fa9325 | [{'content': "Increased Monocytic count is seen in Typhoid and which of the following conditions? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parasitic infections, B. Sub-Acute Bacterial Endocarditis, C. Hodgkin's Lymphoma, D. None of the above", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 723bfe80-93c4-411e-8fcf-d6d99cb53ef0 | [{'content': 'If 2 Implants of size 4 mm are to be placed in a ridge, what should be the minimum width required in the ridge \nSelect and explain. \nA. 14 mm, B. 15 mm, C. 17 mm, D. 18 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Orthopaedics | c6f6754f-21ac-49d0-b8cd-8bf25049d813 | [{'content': 'Elderly female present with pain and swelling in the thigh. Xray shows multiple lytic lesions in distal femur with no periosteal reaction. Aspirate from the swelling shows homogenous serosanguinous fluid with RBCs. Which investigation can confirm the diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. S. Calcium levels, B. S. PTH levels, C. MRI, D. CD1a IHC', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: History is suggestive of blood filled bone tumor seen in Hyperparathyroidism. HYPERPARATHYROIDISM May be primary (due to adenoma or hyperplasia), secondary (due to persistent hypocalcemia) or tertiary (when secondary hyperplasia leads to autonomous overactivity). Fig. X-ray hand--hyperparathyroidism Fig. Brown tumor Figs. A and B: (A) Lamina dura and (B) Resorption of lamina dura Salt pepper skull Parathyroid adenoma Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Presents with subperiosteal resorption, and replacement of endosteal cavitation marrow by vascular granulation and fibrous tissue (osteitis fibrosa cystica). Classical and pathognomic feature of hyperparathyroidism is subperiosteal coical resorption of middle phalanges on radial aspect Clinical features- Abdominal groans (dyspepsia), psychic moans, renal stones and weak bones (Groans, moans, stones and Bones). Ix- Parathyroid hormone and S. alkaline phosphate are raised. Calcium is high, serum phosphate is low.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 61ac5df1-c2c1-48ba-9e04-b86120f10110 | [{'content': 'Radiation affects all three germ layers (ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm) in which of the following \nSelect and explain. \nA. Teratoid cyst, B. Dermoid cyst, C. Thyroglossal cyst, D. Branchial cyst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Anaesthesia | 8466f417-6a8e-4f07-87f8-556fb5fac62a | [{'content': 'Post op pulmonary complications are seen/expected in all except:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. BMI>30, B. Upper abdominal surgery, C. Patient with 7 pack years of smoking, D. Age >70', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: General anesthesia produces changes in respiratory system and can cause post op pulmonary complication. Risk factor: Thoracic surgery/Upper abdomen surgery Cigarette smoker Chronic respiratory disease Emergency surgery Anesthesia time duration if more than 180 minutes Age >70 years/> 65 years Renal failure patient Poor nutritional status Significant Blood loss or blood transfusion', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | c628fd13-7ada-40eb-917a-1de334a5ee5b | [{'content': 'The antidote for heparin is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Penicillinase, B. Protamine sulphate, C. Pryosulphate, D. Potassium sulphate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | eaae5960-af00-46cd-8bf6-2b238919fb76 | [{'content': '26 years old female suffers from PPH on her second postnatal day. Her APTT and PTT are prolonged while BT, PT and platelet counts are normal. Likely diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acquired hemophilia, B. Lupus anticoagulant, C. DIC, D. Inherited congenital hemophilia.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 543b341f-7350-4a9b-9bc6-63a1a2cee1e8 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a tool used in gene editing? \nSelect and explain. \nA. CRISPR, B. Gene Xpe, C. Big Data, D. HealthCare App', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. CRISPRA type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inseed, deleted or replaced in the genome of a living organism using engineered nucleases, or "molecular scissors.Four Families of Engineered Nucleases being usedMeganucleasesTranscription Activator-Like Effector-based Nucleases (TALEN)Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs)Clustered Regularly Interspaced Sho Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systemForm the basis of a genome editing technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 that allows permanent modification of genes within organisms.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 93c4a1a4-7b8b-4d71-b246-3125604bc899 | [{'content': 'Which of the following muscles causes the forward movement of the condyle in the glenoid fossa? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Masseter, B. Temporalis, C. Medial pterygoid, D. Lateral pterygoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: The lateral pterygoid muscle has 2\xa0heads, one arising from the outer part of the lateral pterygoid plate and other from the base of sphenoid bone. The two heads come together and are inserted into the neck of the condyle. The main function of this muscle is to draw both the head of the condyle and the disc forward during opening movement. Lateral pterygoid muscles cause the forward movement of the condyle into the glenoid fossa.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 693c8309-0775-4b3a-899a-5fd7064993f3 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is characteristic of T.B. otitis media - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Marginal perforation, B. Attic perforation, C. Large central perforation, D. Multiple perforation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 7c6e7661-04a5-49db-b796-9e2091486f01 | [{'content': 'All of the following features are suggestive of asbestosis except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Occurs within five years of exposure, B. The disease progresses even after removal of contact, C. Can lead to pleural mesothelioma, D. Sputum contains asbestos bodies', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 796d7b5d-f79d-4c6a-860c-198e9404ea07 | [{'content': 'High molecular weight proteins in cataractous lens seen only in humans: \nSelect and explain. \nA. HM 1 and 2, B. HM 2 and 3, C. HM 2 and 4, D. HM 3 and 4', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. HM 3 and 4(Ref The Eve 3/e p305-307: Biochemistry of Eve by David R/p28)High molecular weight proteins in cataractous lens only in humans = HM 3 & 4.HM3 & HM4:Insoluble high molecular weight proteins.Found in cataractous lens.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 36fbf017-4fe4-4eb2-b6e8-5cd677d31a5d | [{'content': 'Which of following in not true about SLE? \nSelect and explain. \nA. IgA. IgU against basement of mucosa or increased collagen formation, B. ROR-2 gene mutation, C. Complement c3 activation and fibroblast formation, D. Positive antinuclear antibody test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 29d2e3e3-3b3c-4b84-af19-e8e98c5e104e | [{'content': "The surgical registrar successfully performs a testicu!lar biopsy and hands over the specimen to the attend!ing nurse. The sister asks you how to send the speci!men to the pathologist. What fluid will you tell the sister to put the specimen in? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 95% ethanol, B. Zenker's solution, C. Bouin's solution, D. 10% formalin", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Bouin\'s solution(Ref: Surgical Pathology by \'Rosai and Ackerman 9Ie p27; Upper Urinary tract Urothelial Carcinoma by Michael Grasso (2015)1p11)Testicular biopsy specimen should be put into Boitin\'s solution."Bouin\'s is a noncoagulate picrate solution which is routinely utilized to fix testicular biopsies because it preserves nuclear detail."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4ffc9c91-2230-44f7-826f-91b8d683ab20 | [{'content': 'Most common phobia in chilhood: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zoophobia, B. Nyclophobia, C. Xenophobia., D. Claustrophobia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Zoophobia is found in children of age group 2-4 yrs and it disaapears by 10 yrs of age.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a078a54d-e02d-43f3-8d18-a64ee201c427 | [{'content': 'The finish line used in complete metal cast crown is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chamfer, B. Chafer with bevel, C. Feather edge, D. Shoulder', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bebb654f-88d5-4a1f-a9fb-dd65b42beeca | [{'content': 'In carrier base gutta percha the plastic carrier size of 40- 90 are made by? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plastic liquid crystal, B. Poly propylene, C. Poly sulphide, D. Poly sulphone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | a40a185a-f898-4978-a1aa-17ea136cacce | [{'content': 'A 4-year old girl presents with severe vomiting after a viral fever of 5 days. She is hospitalized and develops cerebral edema. Liver biopsy is most likely to demonstrate w hich of the following? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Centrizonal hemorrhagic necrosis, B. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, C. Ring granulomas, D. Marked microvesicular steatosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Marked microvesicular steatosisReye!s Syndrome (Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy):Acute illness, encountered exclusively in childrenOnset usually follows an upper respiratory tract infection, especially influenza or chickenpoxdegCharacterized clinically by: Vomitingdeg, signs of progressive CNS damagedeg, signs of hepatic injurydeg, hypoglycemiadegCause is unknown, although viral agents and salicylates have been implicate&Morphologically, extensive vacuolization of the liver and renal tubulesdeg.Extensive accumulation of fat droplets within hepatocytes (microvesicular steatosis)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dce755d7-6fd9-4ec6-b136-74ead349da24 | [{'content': 'The carat for Au foil used for restorations is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 18, B. 20, C. 22, D. 24', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Direct filling gold, also called gold foil, is a\xa0metallic restorative material that relies on its ductility and malleability to adapt to a cavity preparation. The restorative process requires condensation that makes the final restoration practically a wrought metal.\nKARAT\nIt refers to the parts of pure gold present in 24 parts of alloy, e.g.,\n— 24 karat gold is pure gold.\n— 22 karat gold is 22 parts pure gold and 2 parts of other metal.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2020, Subject name: Pathology | 75875e90-359b-410d-a777-4cd41003fe93 | [{'content': 'APAF-1 is involved in the activation of which of the following casapses? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Caspase 8, B. Caspase 9, C. Caspase 3, D. Caspase 10', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. Once released into the cytosol, cytochrome c binds to a protein called APAF-1 (apoptosis-activating factor-1), forming a multimeric structure called the apoptosome. This complex binds to caspase-9, the critical initiator caspase of the mitochondrial pathway, and promotes its autocatalytic cleavage, generating catalytically active forms of the enzyme.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 236b5f58-36f4-4644-b7ee-8f90903dba8f | [{'content': 'All of the following are suggestive of domestic violence in a child except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Wormian bones, B. Microfractures in the sub-ep physeal region, C. Corner fractures, D. Bucket handle fractures of metaphyses', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Wormian bones(Ref: Reddy 34/e p417; Parikh 6/e p4. 187).Wormian bones are seen in Osteogenesis imperfecta and not child abuse.Wormian bones, also known as intrasutural bones or sutural bones, are extra bone pieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the skull. These are irregular isolated bones that can appear in addition to the usual centres of ossification of the skull and, although unusual, are not rare\'Battered baby\' syndrome:Suspected due to severe & varied changes in metaphyses, periosteal new bone formation or epiphyseal separation.Also referred as "Caffey\'s Syndrome/Infantile Whiplash Syndrome".Injuries Type & Pattern:Arms & legs:Move about in a whiplash movement resulting in typical \'corner\'or \'bucket-handle\'-fractures in metaphyseal region.Classical metaphyseal corner or bucket handle fracture" - Viually pathognomonic for abuse.Fractures of acromion, sternum & spinous processes - High specificity for abuse.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 549d38f4-993a-4009-ae9c-c0a7638437e8 | [{'content': 'What should be ideal depth of MTA for root end filling material? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 mm, B. 3 mm, C. 5 mm, D. 7 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 745734e9-afe6-4098-bd64-66ee49c64dc0 | [{'content': 'The high cou has the power to stay the execution of a pregnant woman according to which section of Criminal Procedure Code? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 416 CrPC, B. 417 CrPC, C. 418 CrPC, D. 419 CrPC', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. 416 CrPC(Ref Reddy 33/e p392; Textbook on the Indian Penal Code by Krishna Deo Gaur 4/e p594, the-indian-penal-code-pdf:d74214920)Section 416 of Criminal Procedure Code, 1973:Postponement of capital sentence pregnant woman.Ie., The power of high cou to stay execution of a pregnant woman.Sometimes if fit, commutes the sentence to life imprisonment.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 7cfc2dcb-313a-4722-98b1-ac63c7b49e75 | [{'content': 'Which of the following muscle divides the sub-mandibular gland into a superficial and deep part? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Genioglossus, B. Mylohyoid, C. Sternohyoid, D. Digastric', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 0a96136a-d645-4ad6-9f31-53192793e1d0 | [{'content': 'Renal osteodystrophy differs from nutritional and genetic form of osteomaLacia in having: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypocalcemia, B. Hypercalcemia, C. Hypophosphatemia, D. Hyperphosphatemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 0827b7a4-82ff-4ede-bd25-21da1822eb9c | [{'content': 'Skeletal muscles: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Contracts when calcium is taken up by sacroplasmic reticulum, B. Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten, C. Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin, D. Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 498c62ec-aed7-45cd-a1c4-d3415bdaf58c | [{'content': 'The advantage of glass ionomer cement reinforced with metal particles is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decreased strength but biocompatibility, B. Increased resistance to abrasion, C. Better colour, D. Ease of manipulation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Surgery | a963bf66-e44e-445f-b3ba-26efcd836ad9 | [{'content': 'Best guide for the management of Resuscitation is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. CVP, B. Urine output, C. Blood pressure, D. Saturation of Oxygen', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The best measure of organ perfusion and the best monitor of the adequacy of shock therapy remains the urine output". Minimum urine output in ADULTS - 1ml/min Minimum urine output in CHILDRENS - (0.5 - 1) ml/min', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2cacbd66-ae8e-45cc-85b8-6242487724b6 | [{'content': 'The disturbances occurred during "Calcification" stage of tooth development is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Peg laterals, B. Microdontia, C. Supernumerary tooth, D. Interglobular dentin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 112694f0-3fab-4d28-84a7-ebf4721eee1b | [{'content': 'All of the following affects bur efficiency except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spiral angle, B. Head length and diameter, C. Neck diameter, D. Crosscut', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Taper angle and head length and diameter has no effect on bur efficiency.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | cbc66ce4-2ba3-4f5a-b22b-6640ac66581e | [{'content': 'All are structures lying deep to the hyoglossus muscle except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypoglossal nerve, B. Lingual artery, C. Stylohyoid muscle, D. Geniohyoid muscle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The hyoglossus, a quadrilateral sheet of muscle, is the key muscle of the suprahyoid region because it serves as a landmark for neighboring structures in the region.\xa0\nSuperficial relations:\xa0\n\nHypoglossal nerve, crosses the lower part of muscle from behind forwards.\nLingual nerve, crosses the upper part of muscle from behind forwards.\nDeep part of the submandibular gland and submandibular duct. The gland lies in the middle of hyoglossus muscle and the duct lies between the gland and the muscle.\nSubmandibular ganglion lies between the lingual nerve and deep part of the submandibular gland.\nStyloglossus muscle—interdigitates with hyoglossus.\nMylohyoid muscle overlaps the hyoglossus anterosuperiorly.\n\nDeep relations:\xa0\n\nInferior longitudinal muscle of tongue.\nGenioglossus muscle anteriorly.\nMiddle constrictor of pharynx posteriorly.\nGlossopharyngeal nerve.\nStylohyoid ligament.\nLingual artery.\n\nStructures passing deep to posterior border of hyoglossus:\n\nGlossopharyngeal nerve.\nStylohyoid ligament.\nLingual artery.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 5aeb3b7a-9012-4472-a233-740ba0f1dac5 | [{'content': 'Which of the following disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs acts by increasing extracellular adenosine? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Leflunomide, B. Hydroxychloroquine, C. Azathioprine, D. Methotrexate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer-D. Methotrexate"Methotrexate is the DMARD of choicefor the treatment of RA and is the anchor drug for most combination therapies.At the dosages ased for lhe treatment of RA, methotrexale has been shown to stimulate adenosine release from cells, producing an anti-inflammatory effect.Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid analog that binds with high affinity to the active catalytic site of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d49f81a6-24c9-40e0-952f-8ff63eb6947d | [{'content': 'Oral prophylaxis is contraindicated in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prepubertal gingivitis, B. Pregnancy gingivitis, C. Ulcerative refractory gingivitis, D. Leukemic gingivitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | a02c508f-6cf6-4699-b134-e50fd2d84fee | [{'content': 'Injury to the right mandibular nerve as it passes through foramen ovale produces the following effects: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Loss of taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue, B. Deviation of the tongue to the left, C. Deviation of chin to left when mouth is opened, D. Loss of general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: {This is due to damage of lingual branch of mandibular nerve.}', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7bfc7fbd-3b3d-42a0-b444-5ed198020986 | [{'content': 'The cross section of the root most prone to vertical root fracture is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Round, B. Oval, C. Kidney shape, D. Elliptical', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: One\xa0of the\xa0common\xa0anatomic\xa0features\xa0shared\xa0by\xa0teeth\xa0that\xa0typically develop VRFs is an oval cross section of the root, with\xa0a\xa0buccolingual\xa0diameter\xa0being\xa0larger\xa0than\xa0the\xa0mesiodistal\xa0diameter.These teeth include the maxillary and mandibular\xa0premolars, the mesial roots of the mandibular molars, and the\xa0mandibular incisors. Such anatomy is\xa0easily\xa0observed\xa0in\xa0the\xa0axial\xa0plane\xa0of\xa0a\xa0CBCT\xa0scan.The fracture in these teeth typically starts in\xa0the buccolingual plane, specifically at the highest convexity of\xa0the\xa0oval\xa0roots.\nCohen's Pathways of the\xa0pulp ed 11 pg 809", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fb4ea4bd-0f5f-40fa-b377-d0ae72b374a1 | [{'content': 'In which of the following conditions oral screen should\nnot be used: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nail biting habit, B. Tongue thrusting, C. Acute infection of tonsils and adenoids, D. Thumb sucking', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Oral screen was first introduced by NEWELL. It works on the principles of both force application and force elimination.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | e55a3e73-a1dc-4355-90f1-34d9f717a6ee | [{'content': 'A patient who is on a regimen of steroid therapy and has need for extraction of chronically infected teeth requires premedication with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Atropine to reduce the hazard of vagal stimulation and cardiac arrest., B. Antihypertensive to combat tendency towards shock, C. Antihistaminics to prevent allergic reaction, D. Antibiotics', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d3b541c9-d300-4ced-9a2c-c64eaa672ff0 | [{'content': 'A 6–month old boy weighing 3.2 kg presents with recurrent vomiting and polyuria. Investigations show blood area 60 mg/dl creatinine 0.7 mg/dL, calcium 12.8 mg/dL, phosphate 3 mg/dL, pH 7.45, bicarbonate 25 mEq/L and PTH 140 pg ml (normal <60 pg/ml). Daily urinary calcium excretion is reduced. Ultrasound abdomen show bilateral nephrocalcinosis. The most likely diagnosis is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bartter syndrome, B. Mutation of the calcium sensing receptor, C. Ps eudo–ps eudohypoparathyroidism, D. Parathyroid adenoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | abacb436-6502-43f9-898a-0c41ef550423 | [{'content': 'Type of mouth breathing can be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Obstructive., B. Anatomic., C. Habitual., D. All of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 586daa2f-3bc5-4a48-8da5-21374ee1bf07 | [{'content': 'The order of caries susceptibility of primary teeth is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2nd molar>1st molar>canine, B. 1st molar>2st molar>canine, C. Canine>1st molar>2nd molar, D. Canine>2nd molar>1st molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Caries\xa0susceptibility of primary teeth (in descending order)\n2nd\xa0molar > 1st molar > canine > lateral incisor > central incisor\nCaries susceptibility of permanent teeth (in descending order)\n1st molar > 2nd molar > Max. 2nd PM > Max. 1st PM & Mand. 2nd PM > Max. central & lateral incisor > Max. canine & Mand. 1st PM > Mand. Central & lateral incisor > Mand. canine\nSurfaces involved in descending order (in primary teeth)\n\xa0Occlusal > molar interproximal > incisor interproximal. (Proximal surfaces were affected more in first than in second primary molars).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Radiology | 0f2b4bd8-8032-44cf-bf8e-ff24900ded1e | [{'content': '26 year old, 6 feet 4 inch male presented to the emergency depament with complaints of acute onset dysnea. On examination, he was tachypneic, other vitals were stable. A chest xray was done which shown the following pathology: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pneumothorax, B. Hydropnemo thorax, C. Massive pleural effusion, D. Pulmonary embolism', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: - The given image shows * Absent of Bronchovascular markings on the left lung compared to right lung * Left lung shifted or pushed toward the hilum- Hence, the given image is a case of Pneumothorax- If patient has pneumothorax with mediastinal shift, it is Tension pneumothorax and should be immediately managed with needle inseion in 5th ICS in mid-axillary line.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Physiology | fec4f95e-7c1c-4e3e-9245-18cc14fe84e9 | [{'content': 'Acetyl choline release can be increased from presynaptic membrane by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Blocking voltage gated Na+ channels on presynaptic membrane, B. Blocking voltage gated Ca+ channels on presynaptic membrane, C. Blocking voltage gated K+ channels on presynaptic membrane, D. Blocking voltage gated CI- channels on presynaptic membrane', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Blocking voltage gated K+ channels on presynaptic membrane | K+ exit stops | Membrane does not get hyperpolarized |Continued Ach release When an AP depolarizes the presynaptic membrane=Ca++ channel open=allow release of neurotransmitter=from terminal=into synaptic cleft=forming bridge for the vesicles and release sites of a depolarized membrane. Blocking voltage gated Na++ channels will block the AP propagation Chloride channels are present=on the post synaptic membrane.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 1badc5bb-d61a-48ea-9288-3754612f74a5 | [{'content': 'In a JubLeitter arca pith crude bih rate of 211, what would be the expected number of ANC registrations? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 60, B. 80, C. 100, D. 120', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. 60In a subcenter area with crude bih rate of 20, the expected number of ANC registrations should be approximately 55.Number of Expected Pregnancies per Year Expected no. of live-bihs (Y)/year= Bih rate (per 1000 population) x Population of the area/1000 Number of Expected Pregnancies per YearAs some pregnancies may not result in a live bih (i.e., aboions & stillbih may occur), the expected number of live bihs would be an under-estimation of the total number of pregnancies. Hence, a correction factor of 10% is required, i.e., add 10% to the figure obtained above.Total number of Expected Pregnancies Z = Y + 10% of YPopulation under the subcentre = 5000Bih rate = 20Expected no. of live-bihs (Y)/year = 20 x 5000/1000 = 100Total number of Expected Pregnancies Z = Y + 10% of Y =100 + 10% of 100 = 110Expected number of ANC registrations will be half of yearly calculation = 55', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 6ef5b644-f5aa-47bc-ab51-2a580580d453 | [{'content': 'A woman comes with obstructed labour and is grossly dehydrated. Investigations reveal fetal demise. What will be the management ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Craniotomy, B. Decapitation, C. Cesarean section, D. Forceps extraction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |