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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

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[{'content': "When a patient is asked to say 'ah' , if the uvula is drawn upwards to the left, the cranial nerve likely to be damaged is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vagus, B. Rt accessory, C. Lt accessory, D. Hypoglossal", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: {All the muscles of soft palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus derived from the cranial part of accessory nerve except tensor veli palatine which is supplied by the mandibular nerve. The action of musculus uvula is it pulls up the uvula. As the Right accessory is paralysed the uvula is drawn to the left side due to the normal action of left accessory.}', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

17ac8fd0-4e2e-41f5-8a01-93d34668a77e

[{'content': 'Which of the following event has little or no significance? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular incisor erupting before mandibular molar, B. Mandibular canine erupting before mandibular premolar, C. Mandibular 2nd premolar erupting before mandibular 2nd molar, D. Maxillary premolar and canine erupting before maxillary 2nd molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

5f65e5aa-a984-49bd-aad6-0292fa0e07d8

[{'content': 'On rubber dam application gingiva is seen protruding out of margins, it can be seen due to? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Edematous gingival tissues, B. Holes paced too far apart, C. Using a light-weight dam, D. Holes placed too close together', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

fbaace6c-2dbd-458f-a1b6-8e831e7811fa

[{'content': 'Which of these statements depicts vasomotor reversal of Dale? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Propranolol followed by adrenaline, B. Propranolol followed by noradrenaline, C. Decrease in hea rate on adrenaline administration after phentolamine has been given, D. Noradrenaline followed by propranolol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Decrease in hea rate on adrenaline administration after phentolamine has been given (Ref: KDT 7/e e p131, 140).This was first demonstrated by Sir HH Dale (1913) and is called vasomotor reversal of Dale.Blockade of vasoconstrictor alpha-1 (also alpha-2) receptors reduces peripheral resistance and causes pooling of blood in capacitance vessels a venous return and cardiac output are reduced a Fall in BP.Postural reflex is interfered with a marked hypotension occurs on standing a dizziness and syncope. Hypovolemia accentuates the hypotension.Decrease in hea rate on adrenaline administration after phentolamine has been given depicts vasomotor reversal of Dale.The alpha-blocker abolishes the pressor action of adrenaline (injected IV in animals), which then produces only fall in BP due to beta-2 mediated vasodilatation.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

dc8f8f08-ca45-4ad5-ad3f-278eb9e2bd49

[{'content': 'Which of the following best describes the resistance form in endodontic root canal preparation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. The establishment of apical tug back resistance to prevent the apical root fracture during obturation, B. The cavity form which is obtained for application of condenser in vertical compaction, C. The cavity form which is designed for application of condenser in lateral compaction, D. Cavity form which is designed to obtain for entry of condenser during obturation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

63f0f575-0417-4352-94c2-2a8055fe3739

[{'content': "Which of the following statements about high copper silver alloy compared to conventional alloy is not true? \nSelect and explain. \nA. It has increased tensile and compressive strength, B. It has poor tarnish and corrosion resistance, C. Its' edge strength is greater, D. Mercury content in the final restoration is less", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

a1726527-12af-47e3-82f1-b1ea871d2659

[{'content': 'Nimodipine is approved for use in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Subdural hemorrhage, B. Extradural hemorrhage, C. Intracerebral hemorrhage, D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1787, 1735; Ratting 13/e p202, 12/e p204).Nimodipine is approved for use in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Subarachnoid hemorrhage:Typically treated with the calcium channel blocker nimodipine, aggressive IV fluid administration, and therapy aimed at increasing blood pressure, typically with vasoactive drugs such as phenylephrine.The IV fluids and vasoactive drugs (hypeensive hypervolemic therapy) are used to overcome the cerebral vasospasm.Early surgical clipping or endovascular coiling of aneurysms is advocated to prevent complications related to re-bleeding.Hydrocephalus, typically heralded by a decreased level of consciousness, may require ventriculostomy drain.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

eae21df0-06e3-49cb-a1f0-1ac41966e11a

[{'content': "The first instrument used on the facial surfaces of gingiva while gingivectomy is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Orban's knife, B. Kirkland's knife, C. BP blade with No. 11 blade, D. BP blade with No. 12 blade", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

f22298ec-ab82-48ba-b238-b99bc3ea35d3

[{'content': 'Internal occlusal rest provided in partial denture does not provide: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Horizontal stabilization, B. Retention, C. Vertical stop, D. Occlusal support', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

105d2b03-08bf-44da-8372-2ddd2dc43326

[{'content': "Hyperkalemia in children may occur in all except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Insulin deficiency, B. Metabolic acidosis, C. Acute renal failure, D. Cushing's syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Hyperkalemia\nHyperkalemia\xa0defined as serum K+\xa0concentration > 5.5 meq/L.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

1a217f0a-2e93-40b4-b07c-79904e521375

[{'content': 'The feature that distinguishes herpes zoster from other \nvesiculo butlous eruptions is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Unilateral occurrence, B. Severe burning pain, C. Prominent crusting vesicles, D. Sub epidermal bulious formation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry

8b3e79da-c35a-4d0c-8bb1-ba5bb9f20949

[{'content': 'Which of the following is not a technique for protein precipitation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trichloroacetic acid, B. Heat precipitation, C. Isoelectric point method, D. Titration with reducing sugar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Titration with reducing sugar(Ref Harper 30/e p26)Titration with reducing sugar is not used for protein precipitation.Protein precipitation:Widely used to concentrate proteins & purify them from various contaminants.Used for isolating specific protein in quantities sufficient for analysis.Requires multiple successive purification techniques.Classic approaches:Based on,Isoelectric precipitation - Differences in relative solubility of individual proteins as pH function.Precipitation with ethanol or acetone - Polarity.Salting out with ammonium sulfate.Paper chromatography including TLCD.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

a78209a5-9800-45d5-9cab-4838388d53e7

[{'content': 'Resistance to corrosion in a cobalt-chrome casting is due to presence of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. High quality iron, B. Chrome, C. Cobalt, D. Nickel', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

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[{'content': 'A 60-year-old chronic smoker presented with progres-sive jaundice, pruritus and clay colored stools for 2 months. History of waxing and waning of jaundice was present. A CT scan revealed dilated main pancre-atic duct and common bile duct. What is the likely di-agnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Carcinoma head of pancreas, B. Periampullary carcinoma, C. Chronic pancreatitis, D. H lar cholangiocarcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Periampullary carcinoma(Ref Sabiston 201e p1544, 19/e p1535-1544; Schwaz 10/e p1408, 9/e p1220-1225 Bailey 27/e p1234, 26/e p1138, Blumga 5/e p919-925; Shackelford 7/e p1190-1196)Suggestive diagnosis is periampullary carcinoma.Since history of waxing and waning episode is seen.The waxing and waning nature of jaundice is due to sloughing of ampullaty cancer, resulting in transient resolution of the jaundice.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

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[{'content': 'Patellar cluck syndrome is interposition of soft tissue at or hyperophied scar: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during flexion, B. Superior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during extension, C. Inferior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during flexion, D. Inferior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during extension', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Superior pole of patella and impinging on femoral component during extension Patellar Clunk Syndrome is a painful condition associated with a mechanical catching or clunking during active extension following total knee ahroplasty (TKA).The syndrome is caused by growth of interposing soft tissue usually at the superior pole of the patella.This interposed soft tissue cannot be visualized on plain radiographs.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

fb834019-2bb9-4944-a0a0-0121cc6156fb

[{'content': 'For statistical test output of p value is interpreted as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rejective Ho, p <0.05, B. Rejective Ho, p>0.05, C. Rejective H1, p<0.05, D. Accepting Ho, p<0.05', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

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[{'content': 'What is the most frequently used restorative material? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Silicate, B. Amalgam, C. Composite, D. Gold', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry

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[{'content': 'Magnesium is needed for the activity of which enzyme? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phosphatase, B. Aldolase, C. Dismutase, D. ATPase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

4bb5fc70-f901-4508-bc36-39e1f0b6898f

[{'content': 'Anterior 2/3rd of tongue is supplied by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial nerve, B. X nerve, C. IX nerve, D. XI nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

b5177811-b859-4340-9094-b587f8b10f7b

[{'content': 'What percentage of cases of mandibular incisors have single apical foramen \nSelect and explain. \nA. 97.80%, B. 82.50%, C. 60%, D. 60%- 78%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

e4e65063-c1b6-43c7-9dbc-f18bffde95aa

[{'content': 'Condensation shrinkage of porcelain during firing depends on: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rate of arriving at firing temperature., B. Uniformity of particle size., C. Shape and size of particle., D. Type of investment used', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Firing shrinkage occurs due to loss of water and densification through sintering. It is about 40% by volume. This can be reduced by proper condensation and firing technique. The higher the firing temperature the greater is the firing shrinkage.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine

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[{'content': 'The prevalence of disease in a population is expected to be 50%. An investigator is interested in the range of 45 to 55% with 95% confidence. The minimum sample size required for the study is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 100, B. 200, C. 300, D. 400', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D (400)In this question, use Standard Error of propoions.The 95% confidence limits for a propoion are p +- 1.96 s.e.p, where s.e.p is the standard error of a propoion.p = sample propoion = propoion of diseased persons = 0.5 q = 1-p = 0.5 s.e.p .NI(p x q / n) Now here, the range of propoions with 95% confidence is mentioned as? 45-55%Hence, 2 s.e.p = 0.55-0.50 = 0.05 s.e.p = 0.0250.025= J(pxq/n)n = 400Thus, the sample size required will be 400.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

f979bdd9-437e-4469-9f00-ee6177716204

[{'content': 'Inferior alveolar nerve runs: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Medial to lateral pterygoid, B. From Infratemporal fossa, C. Lateral to medial pterygoid, D. Lateral to lateral pterygoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

fddbb54c-e463-437d-8bd6-f48e23002637

[{'content': 'A 12-years-old boy presents with a symmetric, expansile cystic lesion in the proximal humerus. All of the following can be done for his treatment except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Curettage, B. Intralesional steroids, C. Intralesional sclerosing agents, D. Radiotherapy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. BSolitary bone cyst is the diagnosis of a 12 years old boy, who presents with a symmetric, expansile cystic lesion in the proximal humerus.Solitary Bone Cyst:Common in first two decades, primarily between 5-15 yearsMore common in malesMC site: Proximal humerus (50-60%) >Femur (25-30%)Cyst appears as centrally radioluscent lesions, on the metaphyseal side of the growth plate of a long boneTreatment:CurettageMethylprednisolone acetate injection into lesionRadiographic contrast injection into lesionIntralesional injection of sclerosing agentsSolitary Bone Cyst (Unicameral Bone Cyst)Common in first two decades, primarily between 5-15 yearsQMore common in malesQMC site: Proximal humerusQ (50-60%) >Femur (25-30%)It is not a true cystdeg because not lined by endothelial cells but lined by fibrous tissue and blood vesselsClinical Features:Asymptomaticdeg unless presents as a fractureRadiological Investigations:Cyst appears as centrally radioluscent lesionsQ, on the metaphyseal side of the growth plate of a long boneCoex is thinned but intactQFallen fragment sign" may present indication that the lesion is fluid filled rather than solidQOther tests are usually not required except in unusual locations such as pelvis. In such locations MRI or CT is indicatedMRI can document extent of the lesion and its cystic natureQMRI helps in distinguishing unicameral cyst (SBC) from aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), giant celltumor (GCT) and fibrous dysplasiaQTreatment:CurettageQMethylprednisolone acetateQ injection into lesionRadiographic contrast injectionQ into lesionIntralesional injection of sclerosing agentsQ', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

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[{'content': 'Iron is taken up into enterocytes through which of the following? \nSelect and explain. \nA. DMT-2, B. DMT-1, C. Ferroprotein 1, D. GLUT1', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. DMT-1Iron is brought into the cell through an active transpo processProtein DMT-1 (Divalent Metal Transpoer-1),Expressed on the apical surface of enterocytes in initial pa of duodenum.DMT-1 is not specific to iron & transpos other substances like zinc, copper, cobalt & manganese.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

14a9e3be-384f-4b56-99c5-dfd851243951

[{'content': 'Which is not associated with GDM (Gestational DM)? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Past history of fetal abnormality, B. Obesity, C. Hypeension, D. Macrosomia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. HypeensionA previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes or prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia.Being overweight, obeseA previous pregnancy which resulted in a child with a macrosomia.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry

0cd0e1c4-aabe-4ac3-ae2b-83b0633cb376

[{'content': 'A person on fat free carbohydrate rich diet continues to grow obese. Which of the following lipoproteins is likely to be elevated in his blood? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chylomicron, B. VLDL, C. HDL, D. LDL', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: As VLDL is the main transporter of endogenous triglycerides; all the conditions causing increased endogenous triglyceride synthesis will also increase VLDL secretion. And these are:-\n\nWell fed state (not starved).\nHigh level of circulating free fatty acids.\nCarbohydrate rich diet (especially sucrose and fructose)\nPresent of high level of insulin and low level of glycogen.\nEthanol (alcohol) ingestion.\n\nKey Concept:', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology

07549da1-d7ff-4fc2-85a0-a27023bbb810

[{'content': 'Which of the following is the least useful for diagnosis of Spondylolisthesis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. CT, B. MR, C. X-ray lumbar spine- AP view, D. X-ray lumbar spine- Lateral view', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. c. X-ray lumbar spine- AP view (Ref Tureks 6/e p503; Maheshwarl 3e/p 237; Wolfgang 7/e p 228-29, 206; Sutton 7/e p/66'Although for imaging of spondylolisthesis usually all are done, AP view appears to be least useful of these choices. On AP view, spondylolisthesis can show a sign called Napolean Hat sign. The lateral view is useful in detecting spondylolisthesis; it may demonstrate the pars defect.Spondylolisthesis is forward slip of one veebrae upon another; so it is best viewed (or seen earliest) in sagittal images of spine i.e. lateral and oblique X-ray of spine and saggital and axial views of CT and MRIQ", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

b7dd1d97-3338-4b13-98f3-1b6c61c805b2

[{'content': "Which of the following is false about Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Develops within 24 hours, B. Mostly seen after sepsis and cardiac surgeries, C. It's a cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, D. Plasma is more likely to cause it than whole blood", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Develops within 24 hours(Ref Harrison 19/e 138e-5, 18/e p1217)Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI):MC cause of transfusion related fatalities.Cause:Usually results from transfusion of donor plasma.Risk factors:Smoking.Chronic alcohol useShockLiver surgery (transplantation).Symptoms development:During or within 6 hrs of transfusion.Develops symptoms of hypoxia (PaO2/FIO2 <300 mmHg).Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema signs including bilateral interstitial infiltrates on chest X-ray.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy

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[{'content': 'All of the following bones are involves in wrist joint formation EXCEPT? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Scaphoid, B. Ulna, C. Radius, D. Triquetral', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Wrist joint aka radiocarpal joint is a synol, ellipsoid joint formed by: - Ulna: - Forms inferior radioulnar joint Function: pronation & supination Separated from wrist joint by an aicular disc. Wrist joint formed by: - Upper: Inferior surface of lower end of radius Aicular disc of the inferior radioulnar joint Lower: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral (ulnar detion)', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

862bcd0f-8fb5-4ff7-b242-5898ea4f0c69

[{'content': 'The non-invasive method to measure the blood flow is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Electric pulp test, B. Percussion, C. Radiograph, D. Laser Doppler flowmetry', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine

5b062fde-455e-4ab5-aa3b-a661c3643f42

[{'content': 'All are true about Doctrine ofborrowed servant except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hospital administration is responsible for the actions of interns and trainees, B. A nurse assisting a surgery is a borrowed servant ofthe hospital, C. Doctor assisting a surgeon for fee in OT, D. Physician is responsible for the acts ofthe orderlies and nursing staff done by his orders', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Doctor assisting a surgeon for fee in OTBorrowed servant doctrine:The common law principle that the employer of a borrowed employee' rather than the emp|oyee's regular employer is liable for employees actions that occur while the emptoyee is under the control of the temporary employer.Sometimes referred to as borrowed employee doctrine.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

e1463062-cae7-4994-8ab7-8ccaf975cdc6

[{'content': 'Which antibiotic is effective against pseudomonas and indole +ve proteus? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Methicillin, B. Carbenicillin, C. Lincomycin, D. Oxacillin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

3b34bdec-e2d7-49d8-9b10-ec35a323b491

[{'content': "Which of the following analysis helps in determining the disproportion in the size between maxillary and mandibular teeth? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pont's analysis, B. Bolton's analysis, C. Peck and Peck analysis, D. Carey's analysis", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

aa4176f5-8b14-4c05-ae4d-48e6094afbb2

[{'content': 'Trismus is due to inflammation of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Medial pterygoid, B. Facial nerve irritation, C. Superior constrictor, D. Buccinator', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

63be6ad9-c40b-4731-8733-9bbe611387d2

[{'content': 'All of the following are disadvantages of composite restoration except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Greater localized occlusal wear, B. Recurrent secondary caries, C. Technique sensitive, D. More time in replacement', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

031bf440-dc4a-4278-8ab5-1237ab831337

[{'content': 'Which of the following is common to both zinc oxide eugenol cement and polycarboxylate cement? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Polyacrylic acid is liquid, B. Chemical bond to tooth structure, C. Chelation, D. Substitution of eugenol by EBA to increase strength of cement', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Glass ionomers bond to tooth structure by chelation of the carboxyl groups of the polyacrylic acids with the calcium in\xa0the apatite of the enamel and dentin, in a manner similar to polycarboxylate cement.\nThe setting reaction of ZOE starts with water in the eugenol solution that hydrolyzes the zinc oxide to form zinc hydroxide. The zinc hydroxide and eugenol chelate and solidify.\nRef: Phillips Ed-12th P: 331', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

87c9ed45-4f13-4ec7-9af1-571dc39c84a9

[{'content': "A 5 year-old child presents with non-utatiening macules and pappules on the skin. Skin biopsy revealed a perivascular IgA deposition. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Henoch Shonlein purpura, B. Wegener's granulomatosis, C. Kawasaki disease, D. Drug-induced vasculitis", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Henoch-Shonlein purpura (Ref Harrison 19/e p2100, 18/e p2797)Presence of non-blanching palpable purpura (vasculitis of skin) and colicky abdominal pain (vasculitis of gastrointestinal tract) in a five-year-old child together with evidence of IgA deposition in immune complexes suggests the diagnosis of Henoch Scholein Purpura', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

ca5cb321-54b4-4b5f-a507-0493c19af96f

[{'content': 'Which of the following statements about cystic fibrosis (CF) is not true – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Autosomal recessive disorder, B. Abnormality in CFTR which leads to defective calcium transport, C. Mutation in cystic fibrosis transport regulator, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of ion transport in epithelial cells that affect fluid secretion in exocrine glands and the epithelial lining of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts.\nCystic fibrosis occurs due to mutation in the CFTR gene.\nCFTR was initially recognized as chloride conductance channel but it is now recognized that CFTR can regulate multiple ion channels and cellular processes. These include :\nChloride channels\n\n\nPotassium channels\nGap junction channels\nBicarbonate ions', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

16b0d12a-6521-4f27-a70f-2726a7a3f6a3

[{'content': 'Treatment of choice in childhood thyrotoxicosis : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Radio Iodine, B. Lugols Iodine, C. Carbimazole, D. Surgery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Most pediatric endocrinologists recommend initial medical therapy using antithyroid drugs rather than radioiodine or subtotal thyroidectomy.\nThe 2 antithyroid drugs in widest use are methimazole and propylthiouracil.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Microbiology

423b742c-8580-47ff-a3db-eafd9de39d41

[{'content': 'A child with 10 days abdominal pain presented to OPD. Stool microscopy was done which showed the given findings. What is the DOC for the disease caused by the given organism? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Albendazole, B. Mebandazole, C. Praziquintal, D. Pyrantelpamoate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: In the given picture the egg contains polar filaments and hooklets and the egg is non bile stained so this is the egg of H.nanan D.O.C- praziquintal', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology

74a4b01c-7f65-4cdf-a9c8-5b0d6989171e

[{'content': 'The skin of a patient undergoing radiotherapy will show\nafter 2 weeks? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Erythema, B. Depigmentation, C. Radiation induced carcinomas, D. No change', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics

71905d50-bffe-468f-ada2-77d845d55daf

[{'content': 'Which of the following histories is not an indication to perform oral glucose tolerance test to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Previous Eclampsia, B. Previous Congenital anomalies in the fetus, C. Previous Unexplained fetal loss, D. Polyhydramnios', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Indications for performing GCT: All those conditions in which there is risk of having diabetes.\nOn the basis of risk factors females are categorised into 3 category:\nLow risk\nAll of the folowing:\n\nMember of an ethnic group with a low prevalence of GDM\nNo known diabetes in first degree relatives\nAge <25 years\nWeight normal before pregnancy\nWeight of previous baby normal at birth\nNo history of abnormal glucose metabolism\nNo H/o poor obstetrical outcome\n\nAverage risk\nOne or more of the following:\n\nMember of an ethnic group with a high prevalence of GDM\nDiabetes in a first degree relative\nAge > 25 years\nOverweight before pregnancy\nWeight high at birth (previous baby)\n\nHigh risk\n\nMarked obesity\nStrong family history of type II DM\nPrevious history of GDM impaired glucose metabolism or glucosouria\nUnexplained stillbirth\nH/o previous congenitally malformed baby', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

d78f3997-44bd-4b80-acd5-ac1b36c33cf2

[{'content': 'For intrusive luxation injuries, fixation period is about: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 weeks only, B. 4 weeks, C. 4 weeks with semi rigid and 2 week with rigid, D. 6 to 8 weeks', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Intrusion\n\nMost severe form of luxation injuries.\nDisplacement is seen.\nTOP is positive.\nMobility is not seen.\xa0\nHigh\xa0pitched metallic sound on percussion is heard.\xa0\nSplinting should be done for 4 weeks.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology

d12e4d46-e1d9-4320-860c-184a735d9027

[{'content': 'Interruption of the optic chiasm will lead to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bitemporal hemianopia, B. Binasal hemianopia, C. Homonymous hemianopia, D. Normal vision', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Bitemporal hemianopiaInterruption of the optic chiasma will lead to bitemporal homonymous hemianopia because optic chiasma contains crossed over meclial fibers from both optic nerves, which are responsible for temporal Jield of vision."Hemianopia denotes loss of half of the field of vision. The commonest clinical form is homonymous hemianopia, in which the right or left half of the binocular field of vision is lost, owing to loss of the temporal half of one field and lhe nasal half of the other. This condition is due to a lesion situated in any pa of the visual paths from the chiasma to the occipital lobe.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

0d562f06-f38e-4bf3-b1db-f06f0545de1b

[{'content': 'The function of posterior palatal seal is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. To aid in balanced occlusion, B. To aid in insertion and removal of complete denture, C. To ensure a complete seal thus helping in retention of a denture, D. Retention of mandibular denture by sealing its posterior margin.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

eed5fad1-cadf-4372-b81e-1cbd51b198ac

[{'content': 'All of the following are true about property of polymethyl methacrylate except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. KHN 18-20, B. chemical stable if heated till 260 degree F, C. Modulous of elasticity is 2.4 Gpa., D. Tensile strength 29Mpa.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: It is a hard resin with a Knoop hardness number of la to 20 KHN.\nIt has a tensile strength approximately 60 MPa a density of 1.19 g/ cm3, and a modulus of elasticity of approximately 2.4 GPa.\nIt is chemically stable to heat below 125°C (About 260°F), softens at 125°C, and can be molded as a thermoplastic material.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

762c8e46-a58b-4a23-b03d-f5d2055a3fac

[{'content': 'A lateral sliding flap done on a tooth with roots denuded for 6 years will show \nSelect and explain. \nA. PDL fibres attached to cementum, B. PDL fibres attached to dentin, C. Epithelium adjacent to previously denuded root surface, D. Co adaptation to the remaining fibres', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Forensic Medicine

15f7993b-1b86-400a-83c1-a91417ab640c

[{'content': "A person is criminally not responsible for his actions if at the time of doing it by reason of unsoundness of mind, in incapable of knowing the nature of the act or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to the law. \nSelect and explain. \nA. McNaughten rule, B. Curren's rule, C. Durham's rule, D. Irresistible impulse test", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Mc Naughten rule states that person is criminally not responsible for his actions if he is unsound by mind and incapable of knowing the nature of the act. Curren's rule states the person do not have any capacity to regulate the conduct to the requirements of the law as a result of mental disease. Durham's rule is person's unlawful act is the product of mental disease or mental defect. Irresistsble impulse test states that even if the person knows that the nature and quality of the act and he Is wrong because the free agency of his will has been destroyed by mental disease.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

a8e272d3-7afc-4864-a7ca-84e2d6fa0569

[{'content': 'Core built up on a molar tooth should preferably be done with a chemically cured composite as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Light cure resin lacks sufficient strength for a core, B. Core made with a light cure resin would be too opaque and esthetically unacceptable, C. core made with a light cure resin would be too brittle and would fracture easily, D. Its lower viscosity allows free flow of resin also around pins and post', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

d5000ccc-0147-494e-a835-4104cf75bfb9

[{'content': 'In dislocation of the jaw, displacement of the\narticular disc beyond the articular tubercle of the temporomandibular joint results from spasm or excessive contraction of the following muscle? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Buccinator, B. Lateral pterygoid, C. Masseter, D. Temporalis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

8a82f9e4-b38f-43f6-9d8d-4ef8a6a4bcbf

[{'content': '40-year male patient who was a known smoker presents in AIIMS OPD with fever, latigue, jaundice, yellow colored urine with clay colored stools. For the past few days he had developed aversion to cigarette smoking. On examination scleral icterus was present. LFT are:Total Bill18.5Direct Bill7.5SGOT723SGPT812What investigations will you send for ruling out acute viral hepatitis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. HBsAg, IgM antiHBC, AntiHCV AntiHEV, B. AntiHAV, HBsAg, IgM antiHBc, AntiHCV, C. HBsAg, IgM antiHBC,AntiHDV AntiHCV AntiHEV, D. AntiHAV IgMantiHBC, AntiHCV, AntiHEV.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. AntiHAV, HBsAg, IgM antiHBc, AntiHCVRef: Harrison, I8't' ed., pg. 328, 2549-2552, 2550t, 2551tHB- sAgIgM Anti- HAVIgM Anti- HBcAnti-HCVDiagnostic Interpretation+ + Acute hepatitis B Chronic hepatitis B++ Acute hepatitis A superim? posed on chronic hepatitis B+++ Acute hepatitis A and B--+ Acute hepatitis A--++ Acute hepatitis A and B (HBsAg below detection threshold) + Acute hepatitis B (HBsAg below detection threshold) Acute hepatitis C", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology

e96fadd5-fac8-4cde-9957-d69ed40b3364

[{'content': 'Which of these is not a pa of catatonia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Akathisia, B. Ambivalence, C. Ambitendency, D. Akinesia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Akathisia(Ref Kaplan and Sadock 11/e p329, 871; Niraj Ahuja 7/e p59).Akathisia:Not a pa of catatonia.Characterized by a subjective & objective sense of restlessness, anxiety & agitation.Ambitendency:Example of negativism.Considered an ambivalence form.Ambivalence:Sign of Schizophrenia.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

3737f19a-3e69-4ae5-a378-5e91b942cec4

[{'content': 'Thirty-eight children consumed eatables procured from a single source at a picnic party. Twenty children developed abdominal cramps followed by vomiting and watery diarrhea 6-10 hours after the party. The most likely etiology for the outbreak is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rotavirus infection, B. Enterotoxigenic E.coli infection, C. Staphylococcal toxin, D. Clostridium perfringens infection', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin

c8d2885b-1529-4575-abcd-b8afdfb64512

[{'content': 'A young female presented with vaginal itching and green frothy genital discharge. Strawberry vagina is seen on examination. What w ill be the drug of choice? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Doxycycline, B. Oral fluconazole, C. Metronidazole, D. Amoxicillin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. MetronidazoleHistory of vaginal itching and green frothy genital discharge in a young female with strawberry vagina on examinstion ishighly suggestive of Trichomoniasis. The drag of choice for Trichomoniasis is metronidazole.Treatment:DOC: Metronidazolea (tinidazole is also effective)All sexual paners must be treated concurently to prevent reinfection', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

3624f5cd-a2a5-4f5f-9b7e-ee57ea1b3c4a

[{'content': 'A patient who has recently received a pair of complete denture complains of difficulty in swallowing. The reason for this is most likely to be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Excessive vertical dimension of occlusion with resulting decrease in interacclusal distance, B. InteroccLusal distance of more than normal, C. Alveolar ridge with bony spicules, D. Candida albicans colonizing the mouth causing patient discomfort', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

dd835fff-6a22-4d99-8d97-6d3524548997

[{'content': 'Hardness of stone surface is affected by? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Impression wax, B. Impression compound, C. Hydrocolloid impression material, D. Rubber based material', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Colloidal\xa0systems\xa0such\xa0as\xa0agar\xa0and\xa0alginate\xa0retard the setting of gypsum products. If these materials are\xa0in contact with CaSO4·½H2O during setting, a soft, easily abraded surface is obtained. Accelerators such\xa0as potassium sulfate are added to improve the surface\xa0quality\xa0of\xa0the\xa0set\xa0CaSO4·2H2O\xa0against\xa0agar\xa0or\xa0alginate.\nThese colloids do not retard the setting by altering the\xa0solubility ratio of the hemihydrate and dihydrate forms, but rather by being adsorbed on the hemihydrate and dihydrate nucleation sites, thus interfering in the hydration reaction. The adsorption of these materials on the nucleating sites retards the setting reaction more effectively than adsorption on the calcium sulfate hemihydrate.\nCraig’s RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS E 14th P: 255', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

5695dba4-4624-4960-954f-6e7133491216

[{'content': 'Cleft in facial region; \nSelect and explain. \nA. Non fusion of ectodermal process, B. Absence or deficiency of mesodermal mass or other failure to penetrate ectodermal grooves, C. Covering of mesoderm on both sides by ectodermal process, D. Failure of endodermal structures to fuse in midline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

6533b64b-cf1f-434d-98a4-7b9a6a5ded3b

[{'content': 'The upper denture falls when the patient opens his\nmouth wide. This is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thick labial flange, B. Over-extended borders, C. Thick disto-buccal flange, D. Poor peripheral seal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

6dfd83ba-ee44-4396-8451-f4bb486a6476

[{'content': 'Overload of denture base is caused by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Small bases, B. Too large bases, C. Small teeth, D. Large teeth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

165f7116-4e35-42cd-b870-5e66df7d0583

[{'content': 'If during access opening of a maxillary incisor perforation occurs on labial surface just above CEJ, reason is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inability to assess the lingual inclination of crown to root, B. Inability to assess the facial inclination of crown to root, C. All of the above, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

a67a3de5-fa39-4d47-b9f1-ca2a42aa8d70

[{'content': 'For periodontal patients, the most frequently recommended tooth brushing technique is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Scrub technique, B. Roll technique, C. Sulcular technique, D. Fones technique', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology

1cd85138-84f2-4c99-aede-bfd10b5ec9b9

[{'content': 'Which of the following is true regarding blood transfusion of packed RBC? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Should be staed within 4 hours of receiving it from blood bank, B. Should be completed within 4 hours of receiving from blood bank, C. Wait till the patient is stable then transfuse, irrespective of any timing, D. Should be completed within 6 hours of receiving from blood bank', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: 18-19 G needle is used for blood transfusion 170-180 u pore filter is used Packed RBC's are stored at a temperature of 2-6? C. Hence, they should be rewarmed before use. Rewarming should be done within 30 minutes of collecting blood from blood bank Transfusion should be completed within 4 hrs of taking the blood from the blood bank FFP and cryoprecipitate are stored at -18 to -30? C. Transfusion with these factors should be staed ASAP as the factors are labile to heat and completed in 20 minutes", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

562c151c-3bd4-4b3d-8bb1-118503304818

[{'content': 'Endontically treated posterior teeth are more susceptible to fracture than untreated one because: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Loss of moisture., B. Hollow canals., C. Loss of coronal structure., D. All of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine

34d20a1d-da67-4205-b8c7-981dc313289f

[{'content': "The following system of depiction of 32 teeth is in accordance with which system?Permanent TeethUpper RightUpper Left1234567891011121314151632313029282726252423222120191817Lower RightLower Left \nSelect and explain. \nA. Universal system, B. Palmer's system, C. Haderup system, D. Diagrammatic depiction", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Universal system(Ref: Reddy 341e p96-97, 33/e p99-100).The given system of depiction of the 32 teeth is in accordance with Universal system.Universal system:Teeth are numbered 1 to 16 from upper right to upper left, and 17 to 32 from lower left to lower right.This follows the plan advocated by American and International Society of Forensic Odontology.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

789aa0f7-2666-4950-be7e-42b03b1b1a44

[{'content': 'Which of the following has intracellular receptor - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glucagon, B. Insulin, C. Epinephrine, D. Thyroxine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. ThyroxineClassic hormones that use intracellular receptors include thyroid and steroid hormones.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

bf67324d-93dd-41a4-919b-313088e3a495

[{'content': 'Lidocaine is used more commonly in dentistry because : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Causes less depression of CNS., B. Causes less cardiovascular collapse., C. Causes lesser incidence of allergic reactions., D. Is 50 times more potent then procaine.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

c27b2629-91ce-4214-820f-486a0f7d8add

[{'content': 'Negative rake angle means: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rake face is ahead of radial line., B. Rake face coincides with radial line., C. Rake face is behind the radial line., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

ea17383a-7256-484c-8935-802442fbb03e

[{'content': 'Lateral pedicle flap is used for \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increasing the width of attached gingiva, B. Recession coverage, C. Curettage, D. Vestibular deepening', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

d13f2a21-04e2-4c68-9f60-d02262a7ab55

[{'content': 'Anterior division of mandibular nerve has: \nSelect and explain. \nA. One sensory and all motor branches, B. One motor and all sensory branches, C. All motor branches, D. All sensory branches', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Key Concept:\nAll the branches of anterior division of the mandibular nerve are motor except buccal nerve which is sensory.\nReference: TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD, NECK AND Brain, Volume III, second edition page no 140', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology

a432db53-67f5-4865-af52-18edf81d1225

[{'content': 'Transfusion-associated malaria has a shoer incubation period because of the presence in blood of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trophozoites, B. Sporozoites, C. Female gametocyte, D. Merozoites', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Trophozoites(Ref: Paniker's 7/e p77, 6/e p69; Harrison 19/e p1374)Transfusion associated malaria has a shoer incubation period because of presence of trophozoites in blood.Malaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion, needle-stick injury, sharing of needles by infected injection drug users, or organ transplantation.The incubation period in these settings is often sho because there is no pre-erythrocytic stage of development.Parasites may remain ble in blood bank for 1-2 weeks.As this condition is induced by direct infection of red cells by the merozoites, pre-erythrocytic schizogony and hypnozoits are absent.Relapse does not occur and incubation period is sho.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

36dd849c-4867-4ca6-8f5e-c8419e4634bb

[{'content': 'A boy presented with a history of fever, headache and vomiting since 3 days and disorientation since I day. On examination, neck rigidity was positive. He also had 1 episode of generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTC) and then he became unconscious. CECT was found to be normal. CSF examination reveals a cell count of 300 cells/mm3 (polymorphs: 50-70%), protein 70 mg/dL, sugar 50 mg/dL (blood: 95 mg/dL). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyogenic meningitis, B. Tubercular meningitis, C. Herpes encephalitis, D. Cerebral malaria', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Pyogenic meningitis (ReJ: Harrison l9/e p887, 891, llll, l8/e p1029, 1692, 3414)The classic CSF abnormalities in bacterial meningitis are:Elevated opening pressure (> 180 mm H2O in 90%)Polymorphonuclear leakocytosis (>100 cells/ul in 90%)Decreased glucose concentration (<2.2 mmol/L or <40 mg/dl and or CSF/serum glucose ration <0.4 in 60%)Elevated protein concentration (>45 mg/dl)', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

c740e921-43fe-426e-848b-1d918f8424a7

[{'content': 'Tooth most frequently requiring RCT is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular 1st molar, B. Maxillary 1st molar, C. Mandibular 2nd premolar, D. Maxillary 2nd premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The most common tooth to be affected is mandibular first molar.\nTeeth most frequently requiring RCT is mandibular first molar.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine

0113aaf1-61d3-4d61-a9c7-b5b46e51e7e8

[{'content': 'A study finds no significant association between two variables but truly there exists a difference. What type of error is this? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Type I error, B. Type II error, C. Random error, D. Systematic error', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Type II error(Ref: High Yield Biostatistics/p46)Type I ErrorType II ErrorThe null hypothesis is true but rejected (False positive)degProbability of type I error is given by p valuedegSignificance (alpha) level is the maximum tolerable probability of type I errorsdegKeep type I error to be minimum; then results are declared to be statistically significantNull hypothesis is not false but is not rejected/accepted (false negative)degProbability of type II error is given by betadeg', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

d3298813-ec9f-4fb0-8f6d-be5d39543480

[{'content': 'To prepare a cavity on a mandibular first molar in a child\nwe should give: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mental nerve block, B. Lingual nerve block, C. Inferior alveolar nerve block and long buccal nerve block, D. Long buccal nerve block', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics

db26ae0d-84ba-41a5-be53-94723de58182

[{'content': 'While performing Burch operation there was significant bleeding and pooting of blood in the space of Retzius. The source of bleeding cannot be visualized. What is the next step in the management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Call vascular stlrgeon, B. Give a generalized suture in bleeding area, C. Lift endopelvic fascia by putting fingers in vagina, D. Placing surgical drain', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C. Lift endopelvic fascia by putting fingers in vaginaBurch colposuspension (retropubic urethropexy) involves the attachment of the fascia at the level of the bladder neck to the iliopectineal ligament (Cooper's ligantent).lt is an abdorninally perfbrmed surgery for stress urinary incontinence .", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology

36b0d7c6-f5d7-4d5d-a312-c48ec39107e5

[{'content': 'Radiation causes cell death by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Charring of nucleoproteins, B. Destroying their mitochondria, C. Ionization, D. Disruption of cytosol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia

9631d6de-2f89-43ce-a707-508f76977a7f

[{'content': 'A patient of head injury is intubated and ventilated. The ideal mode of ventilation in him would be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. CMV, B. CPAP, C. AMV, D. SIMV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. CMVControlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV)The ventilator delivers a present number of breathes/min of a preset volume.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Medicine

faf1c5f2-3ab2-492c-b58b-1dd81fd5a6d7

[{'content': 'All of the following statements about insulin Afreeza are true except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inhalational preparation of insulin, B. Not a substitute of injectable insulin, C. Needs to be given in multiple doses, D. Used in combination with sho acting insulin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: AFREEZA insulin : Inhalational preparation of insulin. Sho and fast acting insulin Used incombination with long acting insulin. Needs to be given in multiple dose. Should be used in combination with a long-acting insulin. S/E- Cough and throat irritation. It should not be used in individuals who smoke and COPD', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

4839c894-ec48-45dc-b147-f2e81c11f78a

[{'content': 'The lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar give rise to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anterior 1/3 of tongue, B. Anterior 2/3 of tongue, C. Posterior 1/3 of tongue, D. Posterior 2/3 of tongue', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

02a06bac-14e5-4bf2-a085-9d14305cd460

[{'content': 'Impression compound has which of the following characteristic property? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low thermal conductivity, B. High flow property, C. Degradation in presence of moisture, D. Remain distortion free up to 72 hrs. pouring can be safely delayed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

1d41cfa5-26ea-42db-b8cb-3a7b7959d954

[{'content': 'Craters in interseptal bone are best eliminated by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gingivectomy, B. Supragingival curettage, C. Interseptal massage with stimulators, D. Osseous recontouring', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics

b467f831-a659-457d-9132-1f205935bee8

[{'content': 'In pregnancy, the most common cause of transient- diabetes insipidus is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Severe preeclampsia, B. Hydramnios, C. Multiple pregnancy, D. IUGR', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Diabetes insipidus can be caused by:\nDeficiency of antiduretic hormone\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0Resistance of ADH action\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 ↓\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0↓\nCentral diabetes insipidus\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.\n\nA transient form of DI occurs during pregnancy due to:\n\n– Excessive placental production of vasopressinase\n– Decreased hepatic clearance due to abnormal liver function there in case of:\n\nPreeclampsia\nFatty liver\nHepatitis.\n\n\nApproximately 60% of women with previously known DI worsen, 20% improve and 20% do not change during pregnancy.\nWorsening is attributed to excessive placental vasopressinase production.\nSome females with DI who develop placental insufficiency show DI improvement, which is attributed to decreased vasopressinase production by the damaged placenta.\n\nSymptoms:\n\nPolyuria (4-15 liters/day)\nIntense thirst particularly for ice cold fluids.\n\nDiagnosis: is confirmed by water deprivation test.\nTreatment: of choice intranasal L-deamino 8D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) which is a synthetic analogue of ADH and is resistant to vasopressinase.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

7920ff2c-c8bb-482a-9080-b102f83eca18

[{'content': 'A 12-years-old child suffers from an avulsed tooth following trauma. The best medium which to carry in the tooth to the dental clinic is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Buccal vestibule, B. Milk, C. Water, D. Cotton', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

287ee601-bba2-4926-a230-388f13cfa28d

[{'content': 'Which of the following is used in the management of haemophillic patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tranxemic acid, B. Acetic acid, C. Ascorbic acid, D. Palmitonic acid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

dc223256-3048-485a-9ea6-3cd5c2ff39b3

[{'content': 'After a class V amalgam restoration, patient experiences pain, which may be due to? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dentin (Hyper) sensitivity, B. Irreversible pulpal damage, C. Injury to adjacent gingiva, D. Any of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

89e1c450-ada8-47e4-a966-ffe1ad0f789d

[{'content': 'All of the following influence the efficiency of bur, except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neck diameter, B. Length and diameter of bur, C. Height of taper of bur, D. Spiral angle and cross-cuts of bur', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

a4ae6ca7-78a0-48fd-956c-4259c141d158

[{'content': "A man comes with aphasia. He is unable to name things and repetition is poor. However comprehension, fluency and understanding written words is unaffected. He is probably suffering from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anomic aphasia, B. Broca's aphasia, C. Transcoical sensory aphasia, D. Conduction aphasia", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Conduction aphasia(Ref Harrison 19/e p 1 76, 18/e p302)Typical case of conduction aphasia with normal comprehension & fluency, but impaired naming & repetition.Conduction aphasia:Due to damaged arcuate fasciculus.Arcuate fasciculus:Connection between Wernicke's (language comprehension) & Broca's (Language production) areas.Hence, connection lost.Clinical features:Hallmark finding - Inability to repeat words.Comprehension & language expression intact.Inability to transfer understood word to Broca 's area to be expressed.Results in meaningful fluent speech & relatively good comprehension but very poor repetition.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT

5e7cb3e3-57f6-4748-96dd-0b8f6e2fa902

[{'content': 'All of the following are true regarding tonsillectomy in children except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Extracapsular approach is best for cold approach, B. Sleep apnea is an indication, C. Adenoids should also be removed if significantly involved, D. Cricothyroid region is high and anterior in children than adults', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Extracapsular approach is best for cold approachIntracapsular approach is prefened over exlracapsular approach in tonsillectomyfor cold opproach.'Intracapsular tonsillectomy with bipolar scissors results in less postoperative pain than extracapsular tonsillectomywith bipolar scissors in children age 5 to 19 years.Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common indicationfor T and A.'The most common indication for Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (T and A) was for infectious etiology.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

4798d605-979f-48e0-82ee-fea88cb40907

[{'content': 'Korffs fibres are seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mantle dentin, B. Secondary dentin, C. Reactionary dentin, D. Indeed dermal tubules', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

1f253e11-f50e-40f8-a36a-16101d47d319

[{'content': 'ABCDE mnemonic is used for which disease? \nSelect and explain. \nA. SCC, B. Melanoma, C. Basal Cell carcinoma, D. Verrucous carcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. MelanomaABCDE rule: Asymmetry (one half of the mole doesn't match the other), Border irregularity, Color that is not uniform, Diameter greater than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser), and Evolving size, shape or color", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

38ced20b-e4ee-4ea8-ae1a-c311cb177f24

[{'content': 'At what age root resorption start \nSelect and explain. \nA. 5 years, B. 3 years, C. 6.5 years, D. 7 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: 1st to resorb is Mandibular central incisor start resorbing at 5 years of age', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine

efbacdd9-1c25-4697-8ad9-377c7a8105b8

[{'content': 'Boiled lobster syndrome is seen in poisoning of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Boric acid, B. HNO,, C. H,SO4, D. Phenol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Boric acid(Ref: Principles of Clinical Toxicology 3/e p221).Boiled lobster syndrome is seen in poisoning of Boric acid.Features:Major symptom is erythema, desquamation and exfoliation.The skin of the patient looks like a 'boiled lobster'.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology

9d2bff20-7d45-402d-af8f-3eb0c1e1e404

[{'content': 'Sodium iodide sympoer is not present in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pituitary gland, B. Placenta, C. Parotid, D. Thyroid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Pituitary gland Sodium iodide sympoer - Not present in the pituitary gland.Sodium-Iodide Sympoer (NIS) is present inThyroiddegSalivary glandsdegGastric mucosadegPlacentaoCiliary body of the eyedegChoroid plexusdegMammary glandsdegCeain cancers derived from these', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry

23d04e70-f243-4c16-a7c4-827051a5b62b

[{'content': 'Fate of IDL(Intermediate Density Lipoprotein) in plasma \nSelect and explain. \nA. 50% is taken up by liver, B. 50% is converted to LDL particle, C. Both 1 and 2, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Fate of IDL in plasma:\n50% IDL particles → taken up by liver.\nRemaining\xa050% will convert to → LDL particle.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

2df0c27e-46a1-4f96-9de7-fb847c80a454

[{'content': 'Nowadays, swine flu is in news, it is considered as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pandemic, B. Epidemic, C. Endemic, D. Seasonal variation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

f2bb0a0b-b19d-41d8-9435-36d7eab51d07

[{'content': 'A 55-year-old male presents with renal failure. He gives a history of mild bone pains for the last 7 years. X-ray pelvis shows osteolytic lesions. Serum electrophoresis reveals a M spike. Peripheral blood evaluation showed rouleaux formation of RBCs with 35% plasma cells. Bone marrow examination showed a increase in plasma cells with aberrant antigen expression. The most likely diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Multiple myeloma, B. Monoclonal gammopathy with unknown significance, C. Smouldering myeloma, D. Plasma cell leukemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A (Multiple myeloma)Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow results in the production of large number of complete and incomplete immunoglobulins.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

808e56de-bf9d-4a6d-acbe-e27ef3880361

[{'content': 'Anterior limit of infratemporal fossa is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lateral pterygoid plate, B. Maxillary posterior wall, C. Pterygomaxillary fissure, D. Mastoid process', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Infratemporal fossa is an irregular space found below zygomatic arch.\nBoundaries:\n\nAnteriorly : Posterior surface of maxilla.\nMedially : Lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone.\nLaterally : Ramus of mandible.\nSuperiorly : Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology

e803c024-5cd2-48f7-a3d1-c72f5e1563a6

[{'content': 'Which of the following is the diluting segment of kidney? \nSelect and explain. \nA. PCT, B. Collecting duct, C. Ascending thick loop Henle, D. Descending loop of Henle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Structure Function Glomerulus PCA Descending limb of loop of henle Ascending limb of loop of henle DCT Collecting duct Isotonic ultrafiltration Reabsorption of Na+ H2O, amino acids, HCO3,K+, Ca2+, Cl- Reabsorbs H2O into interstitium, impermeable to solute. Impermeable to H2O,loop diuretics acts here. Resorption of Na, K, Cl, k/a the diluting segment. Thiazide diuretics act here, removes 10% of Na+& Cl-, some H2O also removed. Aka concentrating segment, absorbs 10 - 12% of H2O under ADH, principle cells reabsorbs Na+& secretes K+ , intercalated cells reabsorbs K+ & secretes HCO-3.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

de56af6c-b937-44b2-bad9-019a76760d67

[{'content': 'Vitamin K dependent factor is \nSelect and explain. \nA. II, B. III, C. IV, D. VI', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]