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The smooth hammerhead ("Sphyrna zygaena") is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae.
This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape (called the "cephalofoil"), without an indentation in the middle of the front margin (hence "smooth").
Unlike other hammerheads, this species prefers temperate waters and occurs worldwide at medium latitudes.
In the summer, these sharks migrate towards the poles following cool water masses, sometimes forming schools numbering in the hundreds to thousands.
The second-largest hammerhead shark after the great hammerhead shark, the smooth hammerhead can measure up to long.
It is an active predator that takes a wide variety of bony fishes and invertebrates, with larger individuals also feeding on sharks and rays.
As in the rest of its family, this shark is viviparous and gives birth to litters of 20–40 pups.
A relatively common shark, it is captured, intentionally or otherwise, by many commercial fisheries throughout its range; its fins are extremely valuable for use in shark fin soup.
This shark is potentially dangerous and has likely been responsible for a few attacks on humans, though it is less likely to encounter swimmers than other large hammerhead species due to its temperate habitat.
The Swedish natural historian Carl Linnaeus, known as the "father of taxonomy", originally described the smooth hammerhead as "Squalus zygaena" in the 1758 tenth edition of "Systema Naturae", without designating a type specimen.
The name was later changed to "Sphyrna zygaena".
The specific epithet "zygaena" originates from the Greek word "zygòn", meaning "yoke", referring to the shape of its head.
The Greek name "zýgaina" had already been used for the hammerhead shark by Aristotle in the second book of his "History of Animals".
Other common names for this species include common hammerhead, common smooth hammerhead, round-headed hammerhead, or simply hammerhead.
Studies based on morphology have generally regarded the smooth hammerhead as one of the more derived members of its family, grouped together with the scalloped hammerhead ("S. lewini") and the great hammerhead ("S. mokarran").
Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA have concluded differently: while the smooth and great hammerheads are closely related, they are not as closely related to the scalloped hammerhead as the other "Sphyrna" species.
Furthermore, the smooth hammerhead is among the more basal hammerhead species, indicating that the first hammerheads to evolve had large cephalofoils.
The second-largest hammerhead next to the great hammerhead, the smooth hammerhead typically measures long, with a maximum recorded length and weight of and respectively.
The smooth hammerhead differs from other large hammerheads in the shape of its cephalofoil, which has a curved front margin without an indentation in the center.
The cephalofoil is wide but short, measuring 26–29% of the body length across.
The nostrils are located near the ends of the cephalofoil, with long grooves running towards the center.
There are 26–32 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 25–30 tooth rows in the lower jaw.
Each tooth is triangular in shape, with smooth to weakly serrated edges.
The body is streamlined, without a dorsal ridge between the two dorsal fins.
The first dorsal fin is moderately tall and falcate (sickle-like) in shape, with a rounded tip.
The pectoral and pelvic fins are not falcate, rather having nearly straight rear margins.
The anal fin is larger than the second dorsal fin, with long free rear tip and a strong notch in the rear margin.
The dermal denticles are densely packed, each with 5–7 horizontal ridges (3 in juveniles) leading to a W-shaped rear margin.
The back is dark brownish gray to olive in color, in contrast to the simple brown of most other hammerheads, becoming lighter on the flanks.
The belly is white, and sometimes the pectoral fins have dark edges underneath.
Of the hammerhead sharks, the smooth hammerhead is the species most tolerant of temperate water, and occurs worldwide to higher latitudes than any other species.
In the Atlantic, it occurs from Nova Scotia to the Virgin Islands and from Brazil to southern Argentina in the west, and from the British Isles to Côte d'Ivoire, including the Mediterranean Sea, in the east.
In the Indian Ocean, it is found off South Africa, India, and Sri Lanka.
In the western Pacific, it occurs from the Gulf of Tonkin to southern Japan and Siberia, as well as off Australia and New Zealand.
In the central and eastern Pacific, it occurs off the Hawaiian Islands, California, Panama, the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and Chile.
This species is usually considered to be amphitemperate (absent from the tropics) in distribution, though there are rare reports from tropical waters such as in the Gulf of Mannar off India, and off southern Mozambique.
Its presence in the tropics is difficult to determine due to confusion with other hammerhead species.
Compared to the scalloped and great hammerheads, the smooth hammerhead stays closer to the surface, in water less than deep.
However, it has been recorded diving to a depth of .
It prefers inshore waters such as bays and estuaries, but is sometimes found in the open ocean over the continental shelf, and around oceanic islands.
This shark has also been reported entering freshwater habitats, such as the Indian River in Florida.
In the summer, smooth hammerheads migrate poleward to stay in cooler water, heading back towards the equator in winter.
Adult smooth hammerheads are either solitary or form small groups.
They may come together in great numbers during their annual migrations; schools of over a hundred juveniles under long have been observed off the eastern Cape of South Africa, and schools thousands strong have been reported off California.
During hot summer weather, they can be seen swimming just below the surface with their dorsal fins exposed.
Young smooth hammerheads are preyed upon by larger sharks such as the dusky shark ("Carcharhinus obscurus"); adults have been observed being consumed by killer whales ("Orcinus orca") off New Zealand.
Known parasites of the smooth hammerhead include the nematodes "Parascarophis sphyrnae" and "Contracaecum" spp.
The smooth hammerhead is an active-swimming predator that feeds on bony fishes, rays, sharks (including of its own species), cephalopods, and to a lesser extent crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs, and barnacles.
They readily scavenge from fishing lines.
In some areas, stingrays are a favored prey and comprise a majority of its diet.
The venomous barbs of stingrays are often found lodged in and around the mouths of these sharks; one specimen examined contained 95 such spines.
In northern Europe, the smooth hammerhead feeds on herring and seabass, while in North America it takes Spanish mackerel and menhaden.
Off South Africa, smooth hammerheads feed on squid such as "Loligo vulgaris" and small schooling fish such as pilchard over the deep coral reefs at the edge of the continental shelf, with individuals over long taking increasing numbers of smaller sharks and rays.
Off Australia, squid are the most important prey, followed by bony fish.
Like other hammerheads, the smooth hammerhead is viviparous: once the young exhaust their supply of yolk, the empty yolk sac is converted into a placental connection through which the mother delivers nourishment.
Females bear relatively large litters of 20–50 pups after a gestation period of 10–11 months.
Birthing occurs in shallow coastal nurseries, such as Bulls Bay in North Carolina.
The pups measure long at birth; females reach maturity at long and males at long, depending upon locality.
Off South Africa, newly mated females have been caught in February and females with full-term embryos in November; off the east coast of Australia, birthing takes place between January and March, with ovulation taking place around the same time.
This shark is thought to live for 20 years or more.
The smooth hammerhead is potentially dangerous to humans.
As of 2008, the International Shark Attack File lists 34 attacks attributable to large hammerhead sharks, 17 of them unprovoked (1 fatal).
However, due to the smooth hammerhead's occurrence in temperate regions where people are less likely to enter the water, it was likely responsible for a minority of these attacks.
Off southern California, this species has been reported to steal catches from sport fishers and divers.
Smooth hammerheads are caught by commercial fisheries throughout the world, including those off the United States (East and West Coasts), Brazil, Spain, Taiwan, the Philippines, southwestern Australia, and western Africa, primarily using gillnets and longlines.
Fishery catches of smooth hammerheads are difficult to quantify due to a frequent lack of distinction between them and other large hammerheads.
The meat is sold fresh, dried and salted, or smoked, though in most markets it is considered undesirable and there are reports of poisoning.
Much more valuable are the fins, which have the highest rating for use in shark fin soup and often leads to captured sharks being finned at sea.
Additionally, the liver oil is used for vitamins, the skin for leather, and the offal for fishmeal.
This shark is also used in Chinese medicine.
Many other fisheries from every ocean also take smooth hammerheads as bycatch, and they are caught in some numbers by recreational anglers.
Smooth hammerheads are also killed by entanglement in shark nets used to protect beaches.
Fewer than 10 smooth hammerheads were caught annually in the nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from 1978–1990.
In contrast, in the nets off New South Wales, Australia, smooth hammerheads comprised 50% of the 4,715 sharks captured from 1972–1990.
At present, this species remains relatively common and has been assessed as "Vulnerable (VU)" by the World Conservation Union.
Off New Zealand, it is a prohibited target species and is the most abundant shark along the northwest coast.
It also does not appear to have been negatively impacted by fishing off southern Australia.
Off the eastern United States, catches of this species are regulated by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Atlantic shark Fishery Management Plan (FMP), under which it is classified as a Large Coastal Shark (LCS).
In 2013 smooth hammerhead and other great elasmobranchs were added to Appendix 2 of CITES, bringing shark fishing and commerce of these species under licensing and regulation.
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Ryan David Moore (born December 5, 1982) is an American professional golfer, currently playing on the PGA Tour.
He had a highly successful amateur career, winning the NCAA Individual Championship, the U.S.
Amateur Public Links, and the U.S.
Amateur in 2004.
Since turning professional in 2005 he has won five titles on the PGA Tour as of the 2016 season and earned rankings inside the top thirty in the world.
Moore was born in Tacoma, Washington, and grew up in nearby Puyallup.
He graduated in 2001 from Cascade Christian High School, a small Class 1A school which did not then have a golf team.
Moore competed for Class 4A Puyallup High School, where he lettered all four years (1998–2001).
He was the runner-up in the U.S.
Junior Amateur in 2000, and won the high school individual state championship in 2001 over Andres Gonzales, a future UNLV teammate, then of Capital High School of Olympia.
Moore accepted a scholarship to UNLV, where he lettered for four seasons for the Rebels and graduated in 2005 with a degree in communications and public relations.
During 2004 prior to his senior year of college, Moore had one of the most impressive seasons in the modern era of amateur golf.
He captured multiple titles, including the U.S.
Amateur, the Western Amateur, the U.S.
Amateur Public Links (also won in 2002) and the NCAA individual championship.
In 2005 he was given the Ben Hogan Award as the top college player.
Moore won the Haskins Award in 2005 as the outstanding collegiate golfer in the nation.
He placed 13th at the 2005 Masters, winning low amateur and a spot in the 2006 field.
(In 2003, he also made the cut at the Masters, finishing 45th at age 20.)
Moore's final tournament as an amateur was the 2005 U.S. Open at Pinehurst #2; where he made the cut and finished tied for 57th.
He then turned professional and played the next tournament, at Westchester Classic, on a sponsor's exemption, where he finished in a tie for 51st.
Turning professional meant that he had to forfeit his slot (as reigning U.S.
Amateur champion) in the 2005 Open Championship, played at the home of golf, St Andrews.
In August, Moore earned a special temporary exemption to the PGA Tour with a tie for second at the 2005 Canadian Open in Vancouver.
In 2005, Moore played on sponsors' exemptions and earned a total of $686,250 in just 14 official PGA Tour events.
This placed him the equivalent of 113th on the money list, making him the first player since Tiger Woods in 1996 to go from college to the PGA Tour in the same season without going to Q School.
The only other players to do that since 1980 were Gary Hallberg, Phil Mickelson, and Justin Leonard.
As a non-member, Moore needed to collect more than the 125th-place finisher on the 2005 money list in order to earn his card for the 2006 season.
During 2005, Moore's world ranking improved from 718 to 142.
In 2006, Moore played on the PGA Tour as a regular member, and his best outing was a tie for second at the Buick Championship in Connecticut.
He was sidelined for two months in the spring following surgery on his left wrist, which kept him from competing in the 2006 Masters.
He returned to the tour in late May and finished 81st on the 2006 money list with $1,222,118.
With a top ten finish (tied for ninth) at the 2006 PGA Championship at Medinah on August 20, he broke into the top 100 in the world rankings for the first time, vaulting from 110th to 79th.
He climbed as high as 68th in early September, and finished the year at 79th in the world.
In 2007, Moore finished solo second place at the Memorial Tournament, hosted by Jack Nicklaus in early June.
He entered the event as an alternate and earned $648,000, the largest paycheck of his young pro career.
With six holes to play, he birdied five consecutive holes (13-17), but scored a par on the 72nd hole to finish one stroke back.
Following this runner-up finish, his third as a professional, he climbed from 87th to 33rd on the PGA Tour money list, and his world ranking improved from 110th to 59th.
Two days later, he qualified to play in the 2007 U.S. Open at Oakmont near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he shot 8-over in the first round and 3-over in the second and missed the cut by one stroke.
He finished the year with $1,544,901 in winnings, ranking him 59th on the PGA Tour money list and 51st in the FedEx Cup standings.
Moore finished the year at 74th in the world rankings.
Moore reached the first playoff of his career in the 2008 EDS Byron Nelson Championship, which he lost to Adam Scott on the third playoff hole.
Moore began the day three shots behind Scott in a four-way tie for second place, but took the lead as Scott dropped three strokes on the front nine.
The lead changed hands multiple times before Scott forced the playoff with a birdie on the 72nd hole.
On the third playoff hole, Scott beat Moore with a 48-foot birdie putt; Moore then missed his tying birdie putt from the fringe.
Moore picked up his largest check of his career, winning $691,200 for second place.
It was his fourth runner-up finish on the PGA Tour in as many seasons.
Moore continued to have pain in his surgically repaired wrist and took time off at different points in the 2008 season because of a sore shoulder and to improve his fitness, particularly in preparation for the FedEx Cup.
He ended the year with $1,214,900 in winnings, ranking him 88th on the PGA Tour money list and 87th in the FedEx Cup standings; his world ranking fell to 158.
Moore's inconsistent golf continued in the first half of 2009.
In his first 16 tournaments, Moore missed the cut eight times, including four times by a single stroke.
In March and April, Moore made four consecutive cuts, with two top-20 finishes.
In May, Moore only managed one made cut in The Players Championship, where he struggled on the weekend to a 71st-place finish, last among those making the cut.
After missing the cut at the Memorial Tournament, Moore qualified for the 2009 U.S. Open at Bethpage Black with a tie for seventh place at sectional qualifying in Columbus, Ohio.
He made a strong showing, finishing in a tie for tenth place at 2-over par 282.
As a result, his world golf ranking rebounded from 193rd to 152nd.
On August 23, Moore won his first career PGA Tour event at the Wyndham Championship, defeating Kevin Stadler and Jason Bohn in a sudden-death playoff, earning $936,000.
He finished the 2009 season at 31st on the PGA Tour money list ($2,222,871), 22nd in the FedEx Cup standings, and 51st in the world rankings.
Moore had a steady year in 2010, with six top-10 finishes, including a second-place finish at the AT&T National.
He finished 32nd on the PGA Tour's money list with $2,374,823, 35th in the FedEx Cup Standings, and 45th in the world rankings.
He appeared in all four of the golf majors for the first time.
Moore also shot the course record of 61 at Tacoma Golf and Country Club.
In October 2012, Moore won for the second time on the PGA Tour at the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open, part of the 2012 PGA Tour Fall Series.
He converted a share of the 54-hole lead into a victory, one stroke ahead of runner-up Brendon De Jonge.
Moore finished 2012 at 26th on the PGA Tour's money list with $2,858,944, 64th in the FedEx Cup Standings, and 40th in the world rankings.
Moore had a down year in 2013, with only three top-10 finishes.
For the season he finished 61st on the PGA Tour's money list.
The PGA Tour instituted a wrap-around season for its 2014 season extending from October 2013 to September 2014, incorporating the prior Fall Series events and a few international events into the subsequent season's schedule.
Moore opened the Malaysian CIMB Classic (held in October 2013) with a 63, and went on to win the tournament in a playoff with Gary Woodland.
This was Moore's only victory in the 2014 season, in which he had seven top-10s and finished 21st on the PGA Tour's money list.
In November 2014 (part of the 2015 PGA Tour season), Moore won the Malaysian CIMB Classic once again.
Moore contended for the WGC-Cadillac Championship at Doral in March, but fell back over the weekend and finished in a tie for ninth place.
The following week at the Valspar Championship, Moore led after three rounds but faltered on Sunday to finish two strokes back in fifth place.
Moore had the one victory in the 2015 season, with four top-10s, and finished 32nd on the PGA Tour's money list.
Early in his professional career, Moore had sponsorships with PING and Oakley.
When he won his first PGA Tour event at the Wyndham Championship in August 2009, he did not have any endorsement contracts other than with Callaway Golf to use their golf ball.
Following the 2009 PGA season, Moore signed a deal with Scratch Golf in which he would not only use their equipment, but also become part owner of the company.
However, in November 2010, it was announced that Moore had signed a deal with Adams Golf and would give up his stake in Scratch Golf.
He signed with TaylorMade for the 2013 season.
He now plays Parsons Extreme Golf equipments since 2015.
"Results not in chronological order prior to 2015."
DNP = Did not play<br> QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play<br> "T" = tied<br> Yellow background for top-10.
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Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called as Aachi, was an Indian actress and comedian who had appeared in more than 1,500 films, 5,000 stage performances, and several television series until 2015.
She entered the "Guinness World Records" for acting in more than 1000 number of films in 1985.
By 2015, she had acted in more than 1,500 films.
She was a recipient of the Kalaimamani award, Padma Shri (2002), National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in film "Pudhiya Padhai" (1989), and Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South (1995).
Manorama was born in a Tamil Kallar family as Gopishantha to Kasi Kilakudaiyar and Ramamirtham in Mannargudi, a town in the erstwhile Thanjavur district of Madras Presidency.
Manorama's biological father was not happy that a girl was born to him and hence asked her mother to leave the house.
Her mother brought her up by taking up the job of working as maid.
She mentioned her indebtedness to her mother for her success: Many of the mother roles that she has played in films resemble her own mother.
Her family moved to Pallathur near Karaikudi owing to poverty.
While in Pallathur, her mother had started vomiting out blood, hence Manorama decided to start working as maid and dropped out of school at the age of 11.
Once a drama troupe had come to Pallathur but the actress who was to play a small part suddenly dropped out due to her inability to sing and the troupe was looking for an artiste who could act and sing as well.
The drama troupe decided to give her this role in the drama titled Andhaman Kadhali.
Hence her acting career began at the age of twelve, acting in plays.
During this time, she was rechristened Manorama by one of her dramas' director Thiruvengadam and harmonist Thiayagarajan.
She continued to act in plays and performed as a playback singer as well.
After watching her performance in plays, she was offered her first film named Inbavazhvu by Janakiraman which remained 40% incomplete and later Kannadasan offered her lead role in second film Unmayinkottai, which got shelved after shooting for about 40%.
She lost hope of becoming a film actor when both these films remained incomplete.
Manorama fell in love with her manager in the drama troupe S. M. Ramanathan and married him in 1964; the couple had a son named Bhoopathy.
However, she got divorced in late 1966 and started to live in a separate house in Chennai.
She quoted in an interview in 2015, "My mom wanted me to study medicine.
But it was not easy to become a doctor in those days, and I became an actress.
So, if I hadn't taken up acting, I would have tried to become a doctor as my mom wished for it.
But now, fortunately, my grandson is a doctor, and I am proud of it."
She acted in small roles in few "Vairam Nataka Sabha" dramas.
Once she went to see a drama of S.S.Rajendran who was residing at Pudukkotai, in Tamil Nadu, and P.A.
Kumar introduced her to Rajendran.
She showed her skill in dialogue delivery and was offered a job in S.S.R Nataka Mandram company and played in hundreds of stage productions all over the district: The dramas included "Manimagudam, Thenpandiveeran" and "Pudhuvellam".
She credits her work in "Manimagudam" as where she was first recognised as an actress, She then took part in an unfinished film starring S.S.Rajendran and Devika.
She migrated from dramas to the silver screen with the role of a heroine in the 1958 Tamil film "Maalayitta Mangai": Kavignar Kannadasan gave her the lead role this film.
The first film in which she played the heroine the 1963 "Konjum Kumari".
Then, she concentrated more on comedy from 1960.
She was given equally challenging roles alongside the well known comedian Nagesh in 50 films.
When asked in an interview as to how she got into films, she quoted, "It's all because of Kannadasan.
It was he who changed my life by casting me in the film Maalayitta Mangai in 1957.
It was a comical role, and he trusted me so much and said that I will be able to pull it off.
I was very doubtful about it, but he told me, "If you are going to act in films only as a heroine, people here will throw you out of the industry after three or four years, but doing such roles will take you places.
And you have the talent, too, to reach higher peaks."
That is when I got confidence and continued doing comedy roles."
The first time Manorama stood before the camera was for a Sinhalese film, in which she played the heroine's friend.
Her dance master Suryakala recommended her to the director Masthaan to play the role.
She has acted predominantly in Tamil films since 1958 but also acted in Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada movies as well.
Her onscreen pair with Tangavelu was appreciated in the film Vallvanakku Vallavan in 1965.
Her on-screen pair with Nagesh was very popular in 1960-69 and then with Cho in the 1970s and 80s and later with Thengai Srinivasan, Venniradai Moorthy, and Surali Rajan in the 70s and 80s.
She had done playback singing for 300 songs, mostly pictured on herself, in Tamil films.
The first song that she sang was in a film called "Magale Un Samathu", composed by G. K. Venkatesh and this opportunity she got due to the film's producer P.A.
She has sung classical-based song with TM Sounderajan in the film Dharshinam (1970), where she was paired with Cho.
Manorama sang a song with L.R.
Eswari named "Thaatha thaatha pidi kudu".
Her career's biggest hit song sung by herself was Vaa Vaathiyaare Uttaande composed by music director V. Kumar for the film "Bommalattam", which was picturised on her and Cho.
She also sang for M. S. Viswanathan and A. R. Rahman.
Some of her best Tamil films include "Anbe Vaa", "Thenmazhi", "Ethir Neechal", "Galatta Kalyanam", "Chittukuruvi", "Durga Devi", "Annalakshmi" and "Imayam".
In Telugu, she starred in films such as "Rikshavodu", "Krishnarjuna" and "Subhodayam".
When asked in an interview as to which are her memorable roles, she said "It is Nadigan, which had Sathyaraj and Khushbu in the lead.
I cannot forget that role of Baby Amma in my life.
Also my role in Chinna Gounder, for which I had to sport weird, artificial teeth, is something which I always think about.
Manorama was paired with Nagesh regularly in films with M.G.
Ramachandran in lead like En Kadamai, Kanni Thai, Thayin Madiyil, Kadhal Vaganam, Chandrodhyam, Anbee Vaa, Padagotti, Kadhal Vagahnam, Vivasaaye, Thaikku Thalaimagan, Vettikaran, Ther Thiruvizha.
Other directors cast the Nagesh-Manorama pair in films like Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi, Kungumam, Saraswathi Sabadham, Panjavarnakilli, Navarathiri, Puthiya Paravai, Patthu Matha Bandham, Anbu Karangal, Micheal Madan Kamarajan, Annamitta Kai, Gowri Kalyanam, Anbe Aaruyire, Server Sundaram, Ner Vazhai, Ninaivin Nindraval, Poojaikku Vandamalar, Deiva Thirumagal, Rakta Thilagam, Aannavin Asai, Thiruvarutchelvar, Seetha, Karunthel Kannayiram.
Manorama, actress Sachu and Jayalalithaa have acted together in 2 films as a combination - Galata Kalyanam and Bommalattam.
Manorama and Jayalalithaa have acted in 25 films together.
Her work was noticed even among stalwarts like Sivaji Ganesan and Natiya Peroli Padmini.
Manorama shared in an interview that initially she was nervous acting in front of veterans like T. S. Balaiah, but, the director A. P. Nagarajan made her understand that the scenes in which Jil Jil Ramamani appears, she would be the center of attention.
She acted alongside the well-known comedian Nagesh in 50 films and in 20 films with Cho Ramaswamy.
They made an notable pair and acted in many well-received comedies.
In 1974 she shared the screen space with the legendary comedian Mehmood in the Hindi movie "Kunwara Baap".
Cho and Manorama were paired together in 20 films which included Malligai Poo, Annaiyum Pidhavum, Dharisanam, Anbai Thedi, Nanaivin Nindraval, Nirai Kudam, Ayiram Poi, Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Bommalattam, Delhi Mappilai, Vilayattu Pillai, Kanavan, Rojavin Raja, Suryagandhi.
The character she was given by K.Balachander in the 1989 film Unnal Mudiyum Thambi she personally considers a cornerstone as she was giving a new challenge as an actor.She related in an interview on Toronto TV that one of the most challenging characters she played was the role of the 50-year-old unmarried woman in the 1990 film "Nadigan" with Sathyaraj.
She has acted with all of the lead comedians across five different generations which includes M. R. Radha, K. A. Thangavelu, J. P, Chandrababu, A. Karunanithi, Ennatha Kannaiya, V. K. Ramaswamy, Nagesh, Cho Ramaswamy, Thengai Seenivasan, M. R. R. Vasu, Suruli Rajan, Venniradai Moorthy, Janagaraj, Pandiarajan, Goundamani, Senthil, Vivek and Vadivelu.
She has been in films with five chief ministers.
She played the female lead in the plays written, directed and acted by C. N. Annadurai, former chief minister of Tamil Nadu.
She has also appeared in plays with another chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi.
She has acted in films with M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa, who both later became chief ministers of Tamil Nadu later.
She has also acted in Telugu films with Dr. N. T. Rama Rao, who became the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh.
When asked which character of hers she found most hilarious to play, she specified the role of a talkative female, who is forced to act dumb in a film called "Unakkum Vazhvu Varum".
She had played this role along with Thengai Srinivasan.
She was bitten by a Bungarus fasciatus/ Kattuviriyan snake during the shooting of "Manjal Kungumam" and was admitted to hospital.
Coincidentally, after recovery, the next scene, she had to act was in "Aadi Viradham," where she had to bathe a snake statue and sing a lullaby for it, and the director asked her whether she would like to perform and she replied "Yes very much!"
and she did the film.
Manorama, being a close friend of Jayalalitha and of the firm belief that Jayalalitha would never be corrupt, campaigned against actor Rajinikanth in support of Chief Minister Jayalalithaa in the 1996 elections.
In one of her last interviews, in 2015, she was asked if she had any regrets about her life.
To this, she answered: "I've no regrets at all.
I'm blessed in this life.
Even in my next birth, I want to be born as Manorama again.
I want this same life, and same people around me.
Most of all, I want my mom with me again."
In an interview to BBC in 2015, "If I had chosen to act only as a heroine then I would have disappeared from the scene long ago.
So, I decided to take up comedienne roles, so I survived in the industry for nearly six decades".
When asked as to how she was able to do more than 1500 films, she said in her interview in September 2015, "I believe I am a blessed person.
Without God's will, I couldn't have acted in so many films.
It all just happened in my life, and you won't believe it, but I still have the urge to act.
The one person who is the reason for all my success is my mom.
She did everything for me in life, and I miss her the most now (she breaks into tears).
Whatever I achieve or have achieved in life is only because of her."
She supported young talents and budding directors on her old ages.
In 2013 she acted in a Tamil Short Film named Thaaye Nee Kannurangu directed by LGR Saravanan.
She acted as a Cancer Patient and a mother of Mr.
Between 2013-15, Manorama had suffered ill-heath resulting in hospital stays.
She died in Chennai at 11.20 pm on 10 October 2015 as a result of multiple organ failure.
She was 78 and is survived by her son and singer-actor Bhoopathy.
Tamil Nadu reacted to Manorama's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous tributes were paid to the deceased actor across the state and on social media.
Chief Minister Jayalalithaa laid wreath on the body at the actor's home in T. Nagar, Ms. Jayalalithaa said, "There had been no accomplished achiever like Manorama in the Tamil film world and there would be none in the future as well."
Jayalalitha was quoted as saying, "I was shocked to hear about her death.
She was an elder sister to me.
I used to call her Manorama while she called me Ammu.
We used to visit each other's houses whenever we didn't have shootings."
The chief minister also said, "If Sivaji Ganesan was Nadigar Thilagam, Manorama was Nadigai Thilagam."
Others who paid homage to the actress include Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Sivakumar, Dhanush, Ajith Kumar, M. Karunanidhi, K. Veeramani, G. K. Vasan, Delhi Ganesh, R. Sarathkumar, Ilayaraja, Vairamuthu, Vijay, Karthik, S. Ve.
Shekhar, Vijaykumar, Goundamani, K. Bhagyaraj, R. Parthiban, Raadhika Sarathkumar, Vimal, Silambarasan, Suriya, Karthi, Vikraman, S. Thanu, T. Rajender and Pandiarajan.
Manorama also holds a record of singing for all the notable music directors.
She has rendered her voice for M. S. Viswanathan, Ilayaraja, A. R. Rahman and many other notable music composers.
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Travis Carter Enterprises (later known as Haas-Carter Motorsports, BelCar Motorsports and Richardson-Haas Motorsports) was a NASCAR and USAR Pro Cup team.
It was mostly owned by former crew chief Travis Carter and Carl Haas.
The team previously fielded entries in the Winston Cup Series before closing.
It returned in 2007 to field a full-time entry for rookie Kyle Krisiloff.
After purchasing Mach 1 Racing from Hal Needham following the 1989 season, Travis Carter Enterprises debuted at the 1990 Daytona 500, as the No.
98 Chevrolet sponsored by Winn-Dixie.
Butch Miller was the driver, who finished 22nd.
Miller drove the car in 23 races that year, posting one top-ten finish before he was replaced by Rick Mast, who finished out the year and garnered an additional top ten.
In 1991, Jimmy Spencer took over as Banquet Foods was the sponsor, and finished 25th in points.
Spencer ran just seven races with the car in 1992, before the team suspended operations temporarily.
TCE returned in 1994 as the No.
23 Camel Cigarettes-sponsored Ford Thunderbird driven by Hut Stricklin.
After posting one top ten finish that year, Stricklin was removed as Spencer returned to the team again.
Spencer ran in the car for several years, the big change coming when Winston became the sponsor in 1998.
That year, Spencer looked poised for a top-ten finish in points, but injuries kept him from doing that as he was replaced by Ted Musgrave and Frank Kimmel while he nursed his wounds.
At the end of the year, Carter announced he would expand his team to a multi-car operation, with three-time champion Darrell Waltrip driving the No.
66 Kmart Ford and Haas coming on board as a partner.
The new team had previously been the No.
27 owned by David Blair Motorsports.
Waltrip amassed the largest number of DNQ's he had ever had during his career.
In 2000, he retired from the Winston Cup, his lone highlight being an outside-pole qualifying effort at the Brickyard 400.
Kmart also sponsored Spencer's car beginning in 2000, after the team's previous sponsorship agreement with R.J. Reynolds expired, with the team switching to No.
26 after acquiring the number from Roush Racing.
Waltrip's replacement was Todd Bodine who won three pole positions and finished 29th in points.
After 2001, Spencer departed, and Joe Nemechek signed on to replace him.
Unfortunately, during the offseason, Kmart went into bankruptcy, and the team's status was in danger.
Nemechek ran a mere handful races that year before his team was folded, and after subbing in several races afterward he signed with Hendrick Motorsports to drive the No.
25 car.
Bodine attempted the first few races in the No.
66 and qualified on the pole for the Las Vegas race, but he eventually was parked for several weeks while the team looked for a sponsorship.
Frank Kimmel returned for six races in the No.
26 with his National Pork Board sponsorship from the ARCA series.
Bodine eventually returned to race the No.
26 after Haas-Carter found full-time sponsorship from Discover Card and split time in the ride with his older brother Geoffrey.
The 66 car returned part-time later in the year, with Japanese racer Hideo Fukuyama running a handful of races.
In 2003, HCM merged with minority owner Sam Belnavis to form BelCar Motorsports.
The No.
26 team switched to No.
54 with the U.S. National Guard as the sponsor.
Bodine struggled, posting one-top ten finish and finishing 31st in points.
Fukuyama, meanwhile, made an attempt at Rookie of the year honors in the No.
66, but that was soon aborted due to a lack of funding.
At the end of the season, the Army/National Guard and Belnavis left for Roush Racing.
Still, the team looked like it might come back.
Carter teamed up with a British-based motorsports group called TorqueSpeed.
The team was to be known as TorqueSpeed Carter and run a limited Cup schedule in 2004 with John Mickel as the driver.
However, this new alliance never saw the track.
In 2004, Carter left NASCAR's top division to focus on mentoring his son Matt Carter who was working his way up the stock car ranks in the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series.
For two years, Carter drove for other teams while under his father's guidance.
In 2007, Travis Carter announced his return to NASCAR with the help of Newman/Haas Racing co-owner Carl Haas, Indianapolis Motor Speedway chairman Mari Hulman George, and Mi-Jack Company founder Michael A. Lanigan.
Their driver was Kyle Krisiloff and they carried the No.
14 with ppc Racing's No.
22's owner points from 2006.
Sponsorship was originally limited to Clabber Girl, owned by Hulman & Company.
Later in the season Walgreens and Eli Lilly and Company signed on to sponsor the car.
At one point in the 2007 campaign, the team was to be merged with Yates/Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing as a part of a deal between team owner Carl Haas and Nextel Cup owner Robert Yates.
The team was to be the second Busch team for YNHL until Robert Yates announced his retirement following the 2007 season and ended the partnership with Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing.
Krisiloff was released at the end of the season, and the team lost its sponsors as well.
The team began the 2008 season under the banner of Richardson-Haas Motorsports, and the team ran at Daytona in 2008 with David Gilliland sponsored by Music City Illinois but crashed out.
The team was to run at Auto Club Speedway with Eric Norris but withdrew.
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July 9 Avenue, located in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is the widest avenue in the world.
Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day, July 9, 1816.
The avenue runs roughly to the west of the Río de la Plata waterfront, from the Retiro district in the north to Constitución station in the south.
The avenue has up to seven lanes in each direction and is flanked on either side by parallel streets of two lanes each.
Through the centre of the avenue runs one of the city's Metrobus (Buenos Aires) (Bus rapid transit) corridors, which stretches and was inaugurated in July 2013.
There are two wide medians between the side streets and the main road.
The northern end of the avenue is connected to the Arturo Illia expressway (which connects to Jorge Newbery airport and the Pan-American highway) and to Libertador avenue.
The southern end is connected to the 25 de Mayo tollway (serving the west side of Greater Buenos Aires as well as Ezeiza airport) and the 9 de Julio elevated expressway which provides access to the two main southbound roads out of the city (route 1 to La Plata and route 2 to Mar del Plata).
The Republic Square is located on the intersection of this Avenue with the Corrientes Avenue and on that point is sited the Obelisk of Buenos Aires.
The idea of constructing July 9 Avenue (La Avenida 9 de Julio) was proposed during the time of Mayor Francisco Seeber (1889-1890).
It was hoped to be like an artery that crossed through from the north to the south, connecting the two.
Later it was included in diverse plans and projects, but it wasn’t until 1912 that it passed the National Law 8.855 that authorized the municipality to carry it out.
It was intended for public use within the blocks between the streets of Cerrito and Lima and Carlos Pellegrini to Bernardo de Irigoyen, from the Paseo de Julio (Avenida del Libertador) to Brazil (Barrio de Constitución) with the goal of constructing a 33-meter-wide central avenue, flanked with two wide streets and by public or private buildings of characterized style and special architecture built on the resulting land.
The sale would be part of the financial funds along with the loan issued by the local government of 25 million gold pesos.
This money would come directly from the income of the local government and with a 10% of direct contribution from the nation.
If the central part corresponded well with the north-south axis, the project would complement the streets running from east to west and having two round-abouts: one located at the intersection of May Avenue (Avenida de Mayo) and the other at the intersection of Corrientes (Corrientes Avenue).
As soon as the respective law was sanctioned, Mayor Anchorena made a step toward completion by inaugurating it for the Centennial of Independence (1916).
The Municipality of the city of Buenos Aires started the acquisition of all the properties located particular track with an investment of 50,000,000 of the currency of that time (peso moneda nacional).
However, the municipality was not well-equipped enough with legal instruments and sufficient finances in order to further the ventures of construction of such a size in a sustainable and orderly way.
The expropriations were carried out in a gradual and alternated way, such that it was slow in completing the tasks at hand.
This created a grave burden on the municipal treasury.
This setback also had negative effects on the building developments in the central zone.
With this, many buildings were degraded and were either abandoned or demolished.
The matter generated a political and financial crisis of large proportions, which were also aggravated by the outbreak of the Great War and the proximity of the first democratic elections that were to occur with the resignation of Mayor Anchorena and with the closing of the Municipal Counsel in 1915.
The idea to construct the July 9th Avenue was maintained in the plan of 1925 where it was integrated into the North and South diagonals (proposed in 1919), forming at the ends two central monuments.
The avenue's unusual width is because it spans an entire city block, the distance between two streets in the checkerboard pattern used in Buenos Aires.
The distance between adjacent streets is roughly 110 m, greater than the distance between streets in Manhattan.
The street flanking 9 de Julio to the east is called Carlos Pellegrini (north of Rivadavia) and Bernardo de Irigoyen (south of Rivadavia).
The street flanking 9 de Julio to the west is called Cerrito (north of Rivadavia) and Lima (south of Rivadavia).
The avenue was first planned in 1888, with the name of Ayohuma; but the road was long opposed by affected landlords and residents, so work did not start until 1935.
The initial phase was inaugurated on October 12 1937 and the main stretch of the avenue was completed in the 1960s.
The southern connections were completed after 1980, when the downtown portion of the tollway system was completed.
Clearing the right-of-way for these intersections required massive condemnations in the Constitución area.
Line C of the Buenos Aires Metro runs for a stretch under the avenue.
Line A, Line B, Line D, and Line E have stations when their course intersects the avenue.
Notably, lines B, C, and D share a station underneath the Obelisk, which is the focal point of the subway system and features a retail concourse which also serves as an underpass.
The respective station names are Carlos Pellegrini, Diagonal Norte, and 9 de Julio.
Crossing the avenue at street level often requires a few minutes, as all intersections have traffic lights.
Under normal walking speed, it takes pedestrians normally two to three green lights to cross it.
Some urban planners have submitted projects to move the central part of the avenue underground to alleviate the perceived "chasm" between the two sides of the avenue.
The Metrobus 9 de Julio is long with 13 stations and runs down the avenue, taking roughly the same route as Line C of the Buenos Aires Underground.
It serves 11 bus lines and reduces bus travel time by 50% along the avenue.
[12] The main objective of this line is to join together the city's two busiest railway stations: Retiro and Constitución and to serve the approximately 250,000 passengers per day which use buses along the avenue, with a journey time of 15 minutes instead of the 30 minutes a bus took before the line was built
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Clonfert Cathedral is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Clonfert, County Galway in Ireland.
It is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin.
Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Clonfert, it is now one of three cathedrals in the United Dioceses of Limerick and Killaloe.
The current building was erected in the 12th century at the site of an earlier 6th century church founded by Saint Brendan, which was associated with a monastery he founded and at which he was buried.
The Dean of the Cathedral is the Very Reverend Gary Paulsen who is also Dean of Killaloe, Dean of Kilfenora and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh
The earliest part of the church dates back to around 1180.
Its doorway is the crowning achievement of Hiberno-Romanesque style.
It is in six orders, and has a large variety of motifs, animal heads, foliage, human heads etc.
Above the doorway is a pointed hood enclosing triangles alternating with bizarre human heads, and below this is an arcade enclosing more human heads.
The early 13th century east windows in the chancel is an example of a late Romanesque windows.
The chancel arch was inserted in the 15th century, and is decorated with angels, a rosette and a mermaid carrying a mirror.
The supporting arches of the tower at the west end of the church are also decorated with 15th century heads, and the innermost order of the Romanesque doorway was also inserted at this time.
The sacristy is also 15th century.
The church had a Romanesque south transept, which is now in ruins, and a Gothic north transept, which has been removed.
In the Roman Catholic church one mile to the south is a 14th-century wooden statue of the Madonna and Child, and on the roadside near this church is a 16th-century tower-house.
Clonfert Cathedral was included in the 2000 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund.
The soft sandstone structure had weathered severely, and prior conservation efforts, which did not fully address all the building's problems, as well as substantial biological growth, had compounded the deterioration.
Due to the limited resources of the dwindling congregation, American Express provided financial assistance through the organization.
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The Great Blizzard of 1978, also known as the White Hurricane, was a historic winter storm that struck the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions from Wednesday, January 25 through Friday, January 27, 1978.
The barometric pressure measurement recorded in Mount Clemens, Michigan was the third lowest non-tropical atmospheric pressure recorded in the mainland United States and the lowest in the Central United States.
The lowest confirmed pressure for a non-tropical system in the continental United States was set by a January 1913 Atlantic coast storm.
The lowest central pressure for the 1978 blizzard was measured in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada.
On rare occasions, extra-tropical cyclones with central pressures below 28 inches of mercury or about 95 kPa (950 mb) have been recorded in Wiscasset, Maine (27.9") and Newfoundland (27.76").
Late on January 24, surface maps revealed a moisture-laden Gulf Low developing over the Southern United States, while a separate and unrelated low-pressure system was present over the Upper Midwest.
In about 24 hours, the merger of the subtropical jet stream (containing a wind max of 130 knots) and polar jet stream (containing a wind max of 110 knots) would lead the low-pressure system to undergo explosive cyclogenesis as it moved rapidly northward during the evening of January 25 (record low pressures were logged across parts of the South and Mid-Atlantic).
To be classified as undergoing explosive cyclogenesis, a storm's central pressure must drop at least 24 millibars, or an average of 1 millibar per hour, over a 24-hour period; the Great Blizzard deepened by a remarkable 40 millibars in that span of time.
The storm initially began as rain but quickly changed over to heavy snow during the pre-dawn hours (as arctic air deepened ahead of the storm) leading to frequent whiteouts and zero visibility during the day on Thursday, January 26.
As the storm headed for Ohio, this resulted in a "storm of unprecedented magnitude", according to the National Weather Service, which categorized it as a rare severe blizzard, the most severe grade of winter storm.
Particularly hard hit were the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and southeast Wisconsin where up to of snow fell.
Winds gusting up to caused drifts that nearly buried some homes.
Wind chill values reached across much of Ohio where 51 of the total 70 storm-related deaths occurred.
The third lowest atmospheric pressure ever recorded in the United States, apart from a tropical system, occurred as the storm passed over Mount Clemens, Michigan.
The barometer fell to on January 26.
Nearby Detroit, Michigan fell to .
The absolute low pressure with this storm was picked up at Sarnia, Ontario at around the same time, where the barometer bottomed out at .
Toronto fell to 28.40 inches, breaking the old record by 0.17.
Canada did not escape the wrath of the storm as blizzard conditions were common across southwestern Ontario.
London was paralyzed by of snow and winds gusting to .
The blizzard was the worst in Ohio history; 51 people died as a result of the storm.
Over 5000 members of the Ohio National Guard were called in to make numerous rescues.
Police asked citizens who had four-wheel-drive vehicles or snowmobiles to transport doctors to the hospital.
From January 26 to 27, the entire Ohio Turnpike was shut down for the first time ever.
The total effect on transportation in Ohio was described by Major General James C. Clem of the Ohio National Guard as comparable to a nuclear attack.
Michigan Governor William Milliken declared a state of emergency and called out the Michigan National Guard to aid stranded motorists and road crews.
The Michigan State Police pronounced Traverse City, Michigan "unofficially closed" and warned area residents to stay home.
WTCM radio staffer Marty Spaulding, who closed the bayfront location station the previous night at 11 pm was called to re-open it the next day at 6am as regular staffers could not get there due to impassable roads.
Upon arriving after a 45-minute walk in waist deep snow from his home a mere 10 city blocks distant, he had to dig down "a foot" to put the key in the front door.
In Indiana on day two, just a half-hour after the arctic front blasted through, the Indianapolis International Airport was closed due to whiteout conditions.
At 3 am, the blizzard produced peak winds of 55 mph.
Temperatures dropped to zero that morning.
Wind chills remained a bone-chilling 40 to 50 below zero nearly all day.
The governor Otis R. (Doc) Bowen declared a snow emergency for the entire state the morning of the 26th.
Snow drifts of 10 to 20 feet made travel virtually impossible, stranding an Amtrak train and thousands of vehicles and weary travelers.
During the afternoon of the 26th, the Indiana State Police considered all Indiana roads closed.
Classes at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio and the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana were canceled for the first time in the history of those universities; at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana (where 25 inches of snow fell) for the third time in its history; and, at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio for the first time since the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
An inch or more, usually much more, of snow would remain on much of that particular area for nearly two months straight.
The storm did much damage to the Ohio valley and to the Great Lakes.
In Brampton, Ontario (northwest of Toronto) on Thursday afternoon, school buses could not get through deep snow to the then-rural campus of Sheridan College to take students home.
Neither could any other vehicles, so some community college students had to stay on campus overnight.
The following table displays selected U.S. snowfall totals during January 25–29, 1978:
"Note: * = Total data for a 24 hour period."
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Sylvia is a play by A. R. Gurney.
It premiered in 1995 Off-Broadway.
The subject is "Sylvia", a dog, the couple who adopts her, and the comedy that results.
Gurney said that the play had been rejected by many producers before the Manhattan Theatre Club produced it, because "it equated a dog with a woman, and to ask a woman to play a dog was not just misogynist, but blatantly sexist."
Gurney added that he did not think that way.
He noted that the play has a "timely message of the need to connect in an increasingly alien and impersonal world.
'There is a need to connect, not only to a dog, but to other people through the dog.'"
In an article for the 2nd Story Theatre in Warren, Rhode Island, Eileen Warburton wrote that "'Sylvia' is a love story, of course, or at least a story about a man’s relationship with one of those magical animals people in stories so often meet just when they’re at a troubling crossroads in life, an animal that is a guide to finding the best in ourselves... our propensity to project human characteristics and motives onto our non-human companions is dramatized by having the adopted dog played by a sexy, adoring young woman."
"Sylvia" opened Off-Broadway at Stage I of the Manhattan Theatre Club on May 2, 1995, where it ran for 167 performances.
Directed by John Tillinger, the cast included Sarah Jessica Parker as "Sylvia", Blythe Danner, and Charles Kimbrough.
The production received Drama Desk Award nominations for Outstanding Play, Outstanding Actress in a Play (Parker), and Outstanding Costume Design (Jane Greenwood).
The play ran at the Coronet Theatre, Los Angeles, in February 1997, starring Stephanie Zimbalist as "Sylvia", Mary Beth Piel, Derek Smith and Charles Kimbrough.
The play was produced by the La Mirada Theatre, Los Angeles, California, in 2007 starring Cathy Rigby as "Sylvia".
The play was produced by the Berkshire Theatre Group, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in July 2011.
The reviewer called it a "comic masterpiece".
The play's first Broadway production began previews at the Cort Theatre on October 2, 2015, starring Annaleigh Ashford as "Sylvia", Matthew Broderick, Julie White and Robert Sella, directed by Daniel J. Sullivan.
The production officially opened on October 27, 2015 and ran a limited engagement through January 24, 2016.
Costumes were designed by Ann Roth.
The Broadway production announced that it was closing three weeks early, due to poor ticket sales.
The place is New York City, the time is the 1990s.
Middle-aged, upper-middle class Greg finds Sylvia, a dog (played by a human), in the park and takes a liking to her.
He brings her back to the empty nest he shares with Kate.
When Kate gets home, she reacts very negatively to Sylvia and wants her gone.
They eventually decide that Sylvia will stay for a few days before they decide whether she can stay longer, but Greg and Sylvia have already bonded.
Over the next few days, Greg spends more and more time with Sylvia and less time at his job.
Greg and Sylvia go on long walks; they discuss life and astronomy.
Already dissatisfied with his job, Greg now has another reason to avoid work.
Tension increases between Greg and Kate, who still does not like Sylvia.
Eventually, Greg becomes completely obsessed with Sylvia, and Kate fears their marriage is falling apart.
Kate and Sylvia are at odds with each other, each committed to seeing the other defeated.
Greg meets a strange character at the dog run, who gives Greg tips on how to manage Sylvia and his predicament involving Kate.
Greg has Sylvia spayed.
Sylvia is angry and in pain, but she still loves him completely.
Kate's friend pays a visit and is repulsed by Greg and Sylvia.
Greg, Kate and Sylvia sing "Every Time We Say Goodbye".
Greg and Kate visit a therapist, Leslie, who is ambiguously male and female depending on her patients' state of mind.
After a session with Greg, Leslie tells Kate to get a gun and shoot Sylvia: "I hope you get her right between the eyes."
Kate is asked to teach abroad, in London, and tells Greg that the English have a six-month quarantine for any dogs coming into the country.
Greg is unwilling, but eventually he succumbs and gives the news to Sylvia, that he must give her away, to a family who have a farm in Westchester County.
Greg and Sylvia have a heated and tender moment.
Kate and Sylvia say goodbye; but, before Greg and Sylvia leave for Westchester, Sylvia returns the annotated and slightly chewed version of "Alls Well That Ends Well" that Kate has been looking for, and Kate has a change of heart.
The last scene is directed toward the audience.
Sylvia has died, and Greg and Kate still hold her memory in all fondness.
Vincent Canby, in his review in "The New York Times" of the original 1995 production wrote "Dramatic literature is stuffed with memorable love scenes.
But none is as immediately delicious and dizzy as the one that begins the redeeming affair in A. R. Gurney's new comedy, 'Sylvia,'...
Here's a romantic triangle about Greg (Charles Kimbrough), Kate (Blythe Danner) and the mongrel named Sylvia (Sarah Jessica Parker) who, as Kate puts it, eats a serious hole in their 22-year marriage."
The "CurtainUp" reviewer of a 2010 regional production called the play "a delightful fantasy, but also a psychologically persuasive look at one man's mid-life crisis."
The "USA Today" reviewer of the 2015 Broadway production praised the performers, writing: "Kate, played by a wonderfully wry Julie White... Broderick is very much in his comfort zone playing the blithely goofy straight man... Ashford has the juiciest role, ... and she plays it to hilt, without letting Sylvia chew the scenery (or Kate's red heels) entirely.
The actress is a riot sliding on knee pads, wagging her legs around and rushing down the aisle to suggest hot pursuit of a male canine... directed with a winking eye and a buoyant heart."
The "Newsday" reviewer wrote of a "sympathy-evoking Julie White", the "utmost clueless sweetness by Mathew Broderick in his most engaged and endearing performance in a long time", and the "spectacular Annaleigh Ashford", but criticized the direction: "...increasingly annoying directorial exaggeration as Daniel Sullivan's production progresses..."
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The title mnemonist (derived from the term mnemonic) refers to an individual with the ability to remember and recall unusually long lists of data, such as unfamiliar names, lists of numbers, entries in books, etc.
Mnemonists may have superior innate ability to recall or remember, or may use techniques such as the method of loci.
While the innateness of mnemonists' skills is debated, the methods that mnemonists use to memorize are well-documented.
Many mnemonists have been studied in psychology labs over the last century, and most have been found to use mnemonic devices.
Currently, all memory champions at the World Memory Championships have said that they use mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci, to perform their memory feats.
Skilled memory theory was proposed by K. Anders Ericsson and Bill Chase to explain the effectiveness of mnemonic devices in memory expertise.
Generally, short-term memory has a capacity of seven items; however, in order to memorize long strings of unrelated information, this constraint must be overcome.
Skilled memory theory involves three steps: meaningful encoding, retrieval structure, and speed-up.
In encoding, information is encoded in terms of knowledge structures through meaningful associations.
This may initially involve breaking down long lists into more manageable chunks that fall within the capacity of short term memory.
Verbal reports of memory experts show a consistent grouping of three or four.
A digit sequence 1-9-4-5, for example, can then be remembered as "the year World War Two ended".
Luria reported that Solomon Shereshevsky used synesthesia to associate numbers and words as visual images or colors to encode the information presented to him, but Luria did not clearly distinguish between synesthesia and mnemonic techniques like the method of loci and number shapes.
Other subjects studied have used previous knowledge such as racing times or historical information to encode new information.
This is supported by studies that have shown that previous knowledge about a subject will increase one's ability to remember it.
Chess experts, for example, can memorize more pieces of a chess game in progress than a novice chess player.
However, while there is some correlation between memory expertise and general intelligence, as measured by either IQ or the general intelligence factor, the two are by no means identical.
Many memory experts have been shown to be average to above-average by these two measures, but not exceptional.
The next step is to create a retrieval structure by which the associations can be recalled.
It serves the function of storing retrieval cues without having to use short term memory.
It is used to preserve the order of items to be remembered.
Verbal reports of memory experts show two prominent methods of retrieving information: hierarchical nodes and the method of loci.
Retrieval structures are hierarchically organized and can be thought of as nodes that are activated when information is retrieved.
Verbal reports have shown that memory experts have different retrieval structures.
One expert clustered digits into groups, groups into supergroups, and supergroups into clusters of supergroups.
However, by far the most common method of retrieval structure is the method of loci.
The method of loci is "the use of an orderly arrangement of locations into which one could place the images of things or people that are to be remembered".
The encoding process happens in three steps.
First, an architectural area, such as the houses on a street, must be memorized.
Second, each item to be remembered must be associated with a separate image.
Finally, this set of images can be distributed in a "locus," or place within the architectural area in a pre-determined order.
Then, as one tries to recall the information, the mnemonists simply has to "walk" down the street, see each symbol, and recall the associated information.
An example of mnemonists who used this is Solomon Shereshevsky; he would use Gorky Street, a street he lived on.
When he read, each word would form a graphic image.
He would then place this image in a place along the street; later, when he needed to recall the information, he would simply "stroll" down the street again to recall the necessary information.
Neuroimaging studies have shown results that support the method of loci as the retrieval method in world-class memory performers.
An fMRI recorded brain activity in memory experts and a control group as they were memorizing selected data.
Previous studies have shown that teaching a control group the method of loci leads to changes in brain activation during memorization.
Consistent with their use of the method of loci, memory experts had higher activity in the medial parietal cortex, retrospenial cortex, and right posterior hippocampus; these brain areas have been linked to spatial memory and navigation.
These differences were observable even when the memory experts were trying to memorize stimuli, such as snowflakes, where they showed no superior ability to the control group.
The final step in skilled memory theory is acceleration.
With practice, time necessary for encoding and retrieval operations can be dramatically reduced.
As a result, storage of information can then be performed within a few seconds.
Indeed, one confounding factor in the study of memory is that the subjects often improve from day-to-day as they are tested over and over.
Much evidence exists which points towards memory expertise as a learned skill which can only be learned through hours of deliberate practice.
Anecdotally, the performers in top memory competitions like the World Memory Championships and the Extreme Memory Tournament all deny any ability of a photographic memory; rather, these experts have averaged 10 years practicing their encoding strategies.
Another piece of evidence which points away from an innate superiority of memory is the specificity of memory expertise in memorists.
For example, though memory experts have an exceptional ability to remember digits, their ability to remember unrelated items which are more difficult to encode, such as symbols or snowflakes, is the same as that of an average person.
The same holds true for memory experts in other fields: studies of mental calculators and chess experts show the same specificity for superior memory.
In some cases, other types of memory, such as visual memory for faces, may even be impaired.
Another piece of evidence of memory expertise as a learned ability is the fact that dedicated individuals can make exceptional memory gains when exposed to mnemonics and given a chance to practice.
One subject, SF, a college student of average intelligence, was able to attain world-class memory performance after hundreds of hours of practice over two years.
His memory, in fact, improved over 70 standard deviations, while his digit span, or memory span for digits, grew to 80 digits, which was higher than the digit span for all memory experts previously recorded.
Similarly, adults of average intelligence taught encoding strategies also show large gains in memory performance.
Finally, neuroimaging studies performed on memory experts and compared to a control group have found no systematic anatomical differences in the brain between memory experts and a control group.
While it is true that there are activation differences between the brains of memory experts and a control group, these are due to the use of spatial techniques to form retrieval structures, not any structural differences.
Much of the evidence for innate superiority of memory is anecdotal and is therefore rejected by scientists who have moved toward accepting only reproducible studies as evidence for elite performance.
There have been exceptions, however, that do not fit skilled memory theory as proposed by Chase and Ericsson.
Synesthetes, for example, show a memory advantage for material that induces their synesthesia over a control group.
This advantage tends to be in retention of new information rather than learning.
However, synesthetes are likely to have some brain differences which give them an innate advantage when it comes to memory.
Another group which may have some innate memory advantage are autistic savants.
Unfortunately, many savants who have performed memory feats, such as Kim Peek and Daniel Tammet, have not been studied in a lab; they do claim to not need to use encoding strategies.
A recent imaging study of savants found that there are activation differences between savants and typically developing individuals; these cannot be explained by the method of loci as mnemonic savants do not tend to use encoding strategies for their memory.
Savants activated the right inferior occipital areas of their brain, whereas control participants activated the left parietal region which is generally associated with attentional processes.
***LIST***.
Memory sport contains a more comprehensive list of well-known memory athletes.
The complete, up-to-date memory world rankings can be found at the International Association of Memory website.
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Rama Varma Kunhji Pillai Thampuran (1751–1805), or Rama Varma IX, popularly known as Sakthan Thampuran ("Sakthan" meaning powerful), was the ruler of the Kingdom of Cochin.
He was the King of Cochin and his palace was in Thrissur City.
City of Thrissur is the "Cultural Capital of Kerala" and Sakthan Thampuran is the very architect of City of Thrissur.
Thrissur Pooram was also introduced by him.
Born on Karkidakom, 926 (ME) (26_August_1751 AD) at Vellarapally Palace to Anujan Namboodiripad of the Chennamangalam Mana and Ambika Thampuratti of the Cochin Royal Family.
His mother died when he was only three years old.
The prince was brought up by his maternal aunt, famously known as "Chittamma" (meaning mother's younger sister) Thampuratti.
His early education took place under the tutelage of scholars such as Kallenkara Pisharody.
Sakthan Thampuran was a very powerful Maharaja as his name indicate.
Thampuran married twice.
His first wife was a Nair lady from the reputed Vadakke Kuruppath family of Thrissur whom he married when he was 30 years old.
He is said to have had a daughter from this first wife.
However, this "Nethyar Amma" (title of the consort of the Cochin Rajah) died soon after an unhappy marriage.
Thereafter the Thampuran remained single for a few decades, marrying again at the age of 52.
The second wife of the Thampuran was Chummukutty Nethyar Amma of the Karimpatta family and was a talented musician and dancer of Kaikottikalli.
She was 17 at the time of her marriage with the Thampuran.
This marriage was without issue and within 4 years the Thampuran died.
In those days the widowed Nethyar Ammas did not have any special provisions from the state and hence Chummukutty, at the age of 21, returned to her ancestral home.
After his 55th birthday Sakthan Thampuran fell ill and died in Kanni 11, 980 (ME) (26 September 1805 AD), at Thrissur City.
He was buried in Shakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur.
His palace in Thrissur City is preserved as a monument and he was responsible for developing the Thrissur City and also making it the "Cultural Capital of Kerala".
In 1762, ten taluks(Kovilakathum vathukkals) and two Edavagas(semi taluks) were formed in Cochin Kingdom.
But the feudal chieftains were enjoining the power as before.After Thampuran ascended the throne of Cochin, he crushed the power of the feudal chieftains and consolidated the royal power.
At that time Vadakkunnathan and.
Peruvanam temples were controlled by Namboodiri comvmunity, called Yogiatiripppads.
The Yogiatiripppads was elected from different temples in the Thrissur District.
Thampuran wrested the control of the temples and banished the system of Yogiatiripppads.
Thampuran was strict and merciless with criminals which earned his name, "Sakthan".
British authorities enjoyed a good relation with Thampuran.
He was also a personal friend of Dharma Raja of Travancore.
The modern day town of Thrissur owes its origin to Sakthan Thampuran.
The reason for his love of the town arose from the fact that his two wives were both born here.
They belonged to the Kuruppath and Karimpatta families of Thrissur.
Sakthan Thampuran transferred his capital from Thrippunithura to Thrissur to found the modern city.
He cleared the teak forests around the Vadakkunnathan Temple and developed the Thekkinkadu Maidan, which is now at the heart of the city.
After clearing the forest, he built a circular concrete road now known as Swaraj Round.
The Thrissur Pooram or "Mother of all Poorams", as it was known, was the brainchild of Sakthan Thampuran.
In those days Arattupuzha Pooram was the largest temple festival in Kerala.
The participants in Thrissur Pooram were regular participants in this pooram.
Once they were denied entry to Arattupuzha Pooram because they were late.
All the late participant temples went to Sakthan Thampuran, then Maharaja of Cochin, and complained about this bias.
Thampuran invited all these temples to bring their deities to Thrissur and pay obeisance to Lord Shiva, the deity of the Vadakkunnathan Temple.
Thampuran classified the participants into two groups, the Western and the Eastern.
The Western group consisted of the Thiruvambady, Kanimangalam, Laloor, Ayyanthole, and Nethilakkavu temples while the Paramekkavu, Karamukku, Chembukavu, Choorakottukavu and Panamukkamppilly temples came under the eastern group.
Named after Shakthan Thampuran, the palace is spread over of Thrissur and was earlier known as "Vadakkechira Kovilakam".
It is one of the historic, cultural, architectural important palace of the erstwhile Maharaja of Cochin, which has now been converted into a heritage museum.
This palace is a blend of traditional Kerala and Dutch architectural styles following its 1795 reconstruction.
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David John "Dave" Graney is an Australian rock musician, singer-songwriter and author from Melbourne.
Since 1978, Graney has been accompanied by drummer, Clare Moore.
The pair have fronted numerous bands including The Moodists (1980 to 1987), Dave Graney and The White Buffaloes (1989 to 1990), Dave Graney and Coral Snakes (1987 to 1989, 1991 to 1997), The Dave Graney Show (1998 to 2003) , Dave Graney and Clare Moore featuring the Lurid Yellow Mist or Dave Graney and the Lurid Yellow Mist (2004 to 2011) and currently, dave graney and the mistLY.
He was awarded 'Best Male Vocalist' at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996 for his work on "The Soft 'n' Sexy Sound", while "Feelin' Kinda Sporty" won 'Best Video' in 1997 and he has received seven other ARIA Award nominations.
He has also co-presented a radio show since 2009 on Melbourne's Triple R 102.7 community radio station called Banana Lounge Broadcasting aka "BLB".
David John Graney was born on 2 February 1959 and grew up in Mount Gambier, South Australia.
In 1978, he relocated to Adelaide, and, as lead vocalist, he teamed with drummer, Clare Moore , to form Sputniks with Liz Dealey on bass guitar, Phillip Costello on guitar and Steve Miller on guitar.
Sputniks released one single, "Second Glance" on an independent label before moving to Melbourne in 1979 where they disbanded.
Graney, Miller and Moore formed post-punk group The Moodists with Steve Carman on bass guitar in 1980.
They released a single "where the trees walk downnhill/I should have been here" on the AuGoGo label.Carman was soon replaced by Chris Walsh (ex-Negatives, Fabulous Marquises) on bass guitar.
This line-up released a single "Gone Dead"/"Chads Car", and an ep "Engine Shudder" on the AuGoGo label.
In April 1983, Mick Turner (Sick Things, Fungus Brains) joined on guitar and they relocated to the United Kingdom in October.
They released their studio album, "Thirsty's Calling" in 1984 on the Red Flame label with Victor Van Vugt producing.
Red Flame also released an album in 1985 called "Double Life".
A single "justice and money too" was released on the Creation label.
Chris Walsh left in the same year, 11985.
David McClymont – ex Orange Juice- joined on bass and the band recorded two 12' eps "take the red carpet out of town" and "someones got to give" on the TIM label in the UK.
By mid-1986, Graney and Moore disbanded The Moodists, they formed Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes (also seen as Dave Graney with the Coral Snakes) in late 1987 and played in London pubs and clubs.
Other members were, Gordy Blair on bass guitar, Malcolm Ross (ex-Orange Juice, The Moodists) on guitar and Louis Vause on piano and keyboards.
In 1988, with Barry Adamson (former member of Magazine, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds) producing, they recorded enough material for an extended play, "At His Stone Beach" released in September on the Fire label.
The cover had ornate, Edwardian-lettering by UK illustrator Dave Western.
By 1989, Graney and Moore were ordered out of the country by UK immigration authorities.
The four tracks, "World Full of Daughters", "Listen to her Lovers Sing", "A Deal made for Somebody Else" and "The Greatest Show in Town", were later included on CD version of the Dave Graney with the White Buffaloes' album, "My Life on the Plains".
Back in Melbourne, the couple formed Dave Graney with The White Buffaloes with Rod Hayward (ex-Little Murders) on guitar, Conway Savage (Boy Kings) on keyboards and Walsh (The Moodists) on bass guitar.
Graney had adopted a cowboy image, wearing snake skin and brown suede, sporting a curled moustache and waxed goatee.
The band released "My Life on the Plains" in 1989 with Phil Vinall producing.
Vinall, a friend of Graney and Moore, later worked with The Auteurs, Placebo and Magic Dirt (among others).
The album included tracks written by other artists, such as Gene Clarke, Fred Neil, Gram Parsons and the traditional "Streets of Laredo".
In their live shows they included songs by Doug Sahm, Lou Reed, Buffy Sainte Marie and Tim Rose.
The title was from an autobiographical tome by George Armstrong Custer in 1876, the year he died at Little Big Horn.
The cover featured images of a young Jesse James, Custer and ornate Edwardian lettering by London artist Dave Western, based on a Frederic Remington cowboy painting.
It reflected Graney's current persona and obsession with wild western myth and late 1960s psychedelic bands with similar tastes, The Charlatans and Quicksilver Messenger Service from San Francisco.
No singles were released from the album, although a video was shot by Tony Mahony for "Robert Ford on the Stage".
Savage left to join Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and they were joined on pedal steel guitar by Graham Lee (The Triffids).
This line-up recorded, "Codine", a live in the studio four-track extended play, which was issued late in the year.
It was later added to the CD version of the "I was the Hunter... and I was The Prey" album.
"Codine" was written by Sainte-Marie and had been performed by The Charlatans in swaggering space cowboy style while the Dave Graney with the White Buffaloes cover version was "romantic, country-flavoured R&B".
The EP sleeve was another Dave Western illustration.
During June 1990, Graney, Hayward and Moore travelled to London and recorded "I Was the Hunter... and I Was the Prey" with Blair on bass guitar, Ross on guitar, and Vause on piano.
The album was produced by Vinall at a Croydon home studio run by former Procol Harum organist Matthew Fisher.
The cover by Western shows Graney with full 'Hickock' curled moustache and velvet pomp.
It was not issued until May 1992, due to problems with the label, under the name Dave Graney with the Coral Snakes.
In mid-1991, the band had moved back to Melbourne with a line-up of Blair, Graney, Moore, and Hayward; with Robin Casinader on keyboards (ex-the Wreckery).
In July 1992, they released a live album, "Lure of the Tropics" on the Torn & Frayed label on Shock Records.
It was recorded at St Kilda's Prince of Wales Hotel.
A week earlier the group had performed their Little Big Horn Show and first presented the title track.
The cover art was by Mahony, the album featured three other improvised tracks and was originally mixed by Phil McKellar – it was re-released in 1997 with extra tracks and remixed by Tony Cohen.
For their April 1993 album, "Night of the Wolverine", the band signed with PolyGram, Andrew Picouleau (ex-Sacred Cowboys) provided the bass guitar and Cohen co-produced.
Graney adopted a new persona, The Golden Wolverine, with the album described as "a certified Australian rock classic.
It captured Graney at the peak of his songwriting powers ... [tracks were] full of elegant and eccentric detail".
Tex Perkins (The Cruel Sea) guested on lead vocals for "Night of the Wolverine II" with Amanda Brotchie on backing vocals.
The title track and "You're Just Too Hip, Baby" reached No.
48 and No.
59 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 1993.
Cover art was by Mahony who directed the video for "You're Just Too Hip, Baby".
The band toured backing Hunters & Collectors, then The Cruel Sea before heading their own national tour.
The album and tours had raised their profile with mainstream music critics.
"Night of the Wolverine" earned an ARIA Award nomination for 'Best Alternative Release' at the 1994 ceremony.
It was released on the This Way Up label in the UK in 1996 and also re-issued on Graney and Moore's own label, Cockaigne, in 2004 with extra tracks from later works.
The band's next album, "You Wanna Be There But You Don't Wanna Travel", which peaked at No.
10 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Album Charts, was released in June 1994.
With Blair back on bass guitar, it was co-produced with Cohen.
The singles from the album were, "I'm Gonna Release Your Soul" in April, and "You Wanna Be Loved" in August.
Limited edition of the album included a bonus disc, "Unbuttoned", with seven extra tracks.
Promotional film clip for "I'm Gonna Release Your Soul", directed by Mahony, was nominated as 'Best Video' in 1995.
The group's July 1995 album, "The Soft 'n' Sexy Sound", was produced by Victor Van Vugt.
It reached the Top 40 and earned Graney the 'Best Male Artist' accolade at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996.
In his acceptance speech, Graney wore a hot pink, crushed velvet suit and a wig to declare himself (under his breath) 'King of Pop'.
This was a reference to a 1970s which was presented by teen magazine, "Go-Set".
The album also received nominations as 'Best Cover Art' for Mahony and 'Producer of the Year' for Victor Vaughan .
"I'm not Afraid to Be Heavy" (June), "Rock 'n' Roll Is Where I Hide" (August) and "I'm Gonna Live in My Own Big World" (February 1996) were issued as singles.
The limited edition album's bonus disc, "Music for Colourful Racing Identities", featured seven live tracks.
It was also accompanied by a media CD with an interview of Graney by HG Nelson called "A Word in Yer Shell, Like".
It was released in the UK and Europe on the This Way Up label in 1996.
Graney and Moore spent 6 months of the year recording and working in London.
The next album, "The Devil Drives", (May 1997), reached the Top 20.
It was recorded in Melbourne and mixed in London at Maison Rouge studios and co-produced by Graney, Moore and David Ruffy.
It spawned the single, "Feelin' Kinda Sporty".
The single won 'Best Video' by Mahony in 1997, the album was nominated for 'Best Cover Art' by Mahony and Graney received a nomination as 'Best Male Artist'.
The second single was "A Man on the Make".
"The Devil Drives" was the last studio album for the Coral Snakes and with Universal Music as Graney and Moore disbanded the group and parted ways with the label in December.
Album also accompanied by a media CD with an interview with Dave Graney called "Coffins Have no Pockets", which was part of a media booklet based on a Holden Monaro owner's manual.
In 1997 Graney released his first book, "It is Written, Baby", a collection of his lyrics interspersed with fragments of journalism, memoir and opinion, with photographs by Mahony.
Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes released a compilation, "The Baddest", in September 1999.
It included an unreleased version of "The Sheriff of Hell" from "The Devil Drives" which was re-recorded and remixed with Andrew Duffield (ex-Models) on keyboards, Phil Kenihan and Billy Miller (The Ferrets) on guitar and vocals.
The same team had issued "Feelin' Kinda Sporty" the previous year.
It also featured an unreleased cover version of the AC/DC song "Show Business".
Cover art was provided by Mahony.
Graney and Moore's next band was The Dave Graney Show (elaborated in 2003 to The Royal Dave Graney Show), which formed in early 1998 with Stuart Perera on guitar and Adele Pickvance (Robert Forster Band) on bass guitar.
The single, "Between Times", and "The Dave Graney Show" were released in November on Festival Records.
Guest musicians included Duffield, Sean Kelly (ex-Models) on backing vocals and Billy Miller.
It was co-produced with Duffiled and Kenihan.
In February 1999, "Your Masters Must Be Pleased with You" was released as a single and Billy Miller had permanently joined the line-up.
The latter single's video was part of a twenty-minute film shot and edited by Mahony called "Smile and Wave".
This album saw half of it recorded and played by only Graney and Moore, then the rest of the band was brought in to play the other half.
Graney and Moore continued to perform live around Australia and released material on their own Melbourne based label, Cockaigne.
Initially with MGM, it was later distributed by Reverberation, a Sydney boutique label.
Cockaigne's release was The Dave Graney Show's single, "Drugs are Wasted on the Young" in February 2000 ahead of the album, "Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye" in April.
It was co-produced by Graney, Moore and Adam Rhodes.
Other singles were "Out of the Loop" (with Mahony video) and "Have You Heard About the Melbourne Mafia?".
All with cover art by Mahony.
Graney described the album as "dark, brandy flavoured, disco".
It was released in the UK and Europe on Cooking Vinyl.
A tour of Europe, with a line-up of Graney, Moore and Perera, supporting Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds followed in 2001.
Moore released her first solo album, "The Third Woman", on Chapter Music in August.
In July 2002, the band released "Heroic Blues", which was produced by Graney, Moore and Adam Rhodes.
The single, "Are We Goin' Too Fast For Love?
", was issued.
The title track was recorded live at a sound check at the Tarwin Lower Pub earlier in the year.
Graney improvised the vocal about a performer playing to an empty room.
He called it a "folk soul" album.
Moore appeared with Melbourne band, The Sand Pebbles, on stage as well as on record.
She contributed strings and keyboards to albums by Kim Salmon as well as the Wagons.
She played on Robert Forster's (Go Betweens) covers CD "I Had a New York Girlfriend".
She appears with Jane Dust and the Giant Hoopoes, her own band the Dames and with jazz combination Henry Manetta and the Trip.
Graney and Moore engineered and mixed the debut albums by the Darling Downs (Salmon and Ron Peno) and the Muddy Spurs.
They both played in Salmon, the seven guitar, two drummer heavy rock orchestra devised and led by Kim Salmon.
In 2003, Graney and Moore briefly reformed The Moodists – with Turner, Steve Miller and Walsh – for a limited number of performances in Melbourne to promote the release of a double compilation album, "Two Fisted Art (1980 -1986)".
The album was released on the W.Minc label – run by Steve Miller – in 2003 and contains nineteen of the band's studio tracks on the first disc and sixteen previously unreleased live recordings (recorded in Sydney (March 1983), Melbourne (December 1984) and London (July 1985)) on the second disc.
As Dave Graney and Clare Moore, the couple worked on the soundtrack for the feature film, "Bad Eggs", and released "Music from the Motion Picture – Bad Eggs" in July.
They received an ARIA nomination for 'Best Original Soundtrack Album' at the 2003 ceremony.
"The Brother Who Lived" was released in 2003 by The Royal Dave Graney Show ( a nod to the Royal Melbourne Show) – with a line-up of Graney on vocals, harmonica, organ, and bass, acoustic and electric guitars; Moore on drums, vocals, keyboards, percussion; Billy Miller on acoustic and electric guitars, and vocals; Perera on vocals and electric guitar; and Pickvance on vocals, percussion and bass guitar.
It was produced by Graney, Moore and J Walker.
Singles issued were "Midnight to Dawn" and "All Our Friends Were Stars".
The latter had a video shot and edited by Graney, Mahony made a video for "The Brother Who Lived".
The main part of the album was recorded, after The Moodists reunion, in a day with the all the band in the studio together.
Four other tracks were recorded and mixed by Graney and Moore at their Melbourne studio.
Pickvance left the group and bass guitar was taken up by Stu Thomas (Kim Salmon and the Surrealists, Kim Salmon and the Business, Salmon, The Stu Thomas Paradox) in 2004.
Graney contributed music to and played a small (musical) part in a stage production of the 1960s British play "Stone" in 2004.
Graney and Moore released a double album , "Hashish and Liquor", in 2005, with the first disc, "Hashish" performed by Graney and the second, "Liquor" by Moore.
In 2006, Graney's "Point Blank", which he described as "a song cycle of a life as a heavy entertainer", for which he was accompanied by jazz musician Mark Fitzgibbon (The Moodists) on piano and Moore on vibraphone.
Concurrently, a touring trio of Graney (12-string, vocal), Moore (vibes, vocal) and Stu Thomas aka Stu D (baritone guitar, vocal) was formed, performing extensively across Australia, in support of the 2006 CD, "Keepin' it Unreal" on Cockaigne.
This trio appeared in Europe in 2008 as opening act for Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds.
In 2007 Graney and Moore joined with guitarist, Perera, pianist Mark Fitzgibbon and bass player Stu Thomas to form The Lurid Yellow Mist featuring Dave Graney and Clare Moore (or as Dave Graney and the Lurid Yellow Mist).
The name of the band, according to Moore, was based on the strange miasmic cloud that the man in the 1957 science fiction film, "The Incredible Shrinking Man" drove his speedboat through just before he started his transformation.
As a collective they worked on a batch of new songs at the Yarraville Mouth Organ Band (YMOB) hall, before entering Sing Sing Studios in September where they laid down eight tracks in a day, virtually recording live.
Graney and Moore then mixed it at their home studio, Ponderosa, finishing in November.
The resultant album, "We Wuz Curious" was released on the Illustrious Artists label on 14 June 2008.
The first single, "I'm in the Future Now", issued in November 2007, had music written by Stu Thomas, who also made the video (filmed in Cocos Islands).
A video was also made for "Let's Kill God Again", which received some radio promotion.
Fitzgibbon left in 2008 due to moving out of Melbourne.
The band continued as a four-piece.
In May 2009, Graney released his first album credited as a solo billing, "Knock Yourself Out".
It was released on Cockaigne with distribution by Fuse.
Described by Graney as an "electro boogie" album.
It was produced, recorded and mixed by Graney, with Moore co-writing some tracks, arranging and contributing instrumentation, with Thomas and Perera from The Lurid Yellow Mist as guest performers.
A video was produced for the title track, "Knock Yourself Out", directed by Nick Cowan, it was shot in Hosier Lane and Smith Street, Melbourne.
A follow up show to the narrative performance "Point Blank" was performed at the Butterfly Club in 2009, which was called "Live in Hell".
It featured songs by Graney with other Hell-related tunes by Elvis Presley, Roxy Music, the Fall and the Doors.
Mostly without any amplification, the line-up was Perera on acoustic guitar, Thomas on bass guitar, Moore on a small drum kit and Graney on vocals.
In 2010 , a third narrative style show was performed at the Butterfly Club.
"MC Bits" featured the duo of Graney accompanied by Fitzgibbon on piano.
2010 saw the release of "Supermodified", a remix and remastering compilation project where Graney went back to the 2001 and 2003 albums "Heroic Blues" and "The Brother Who Lived" to sing, play extra guitars and add keyboards and percussion and remix the songs.
Previously unreleased tracks were included in the package of 18 tracks, with a Mahony illustration on the cover.
2011 saw the release of "Rock'n'Roll is Where I Hide", on Liberation.
The album was recorded at Soundpark in Melbourne by Graney and the Lurid Yellow Mist and mixed by Victor Van Vugt in New York.
A collection of re-recordings with the Lurid Yellow Mist of songs from his back catalogue.
It was released with Graney's second book, "1001 Australian Nights", by Affirm Press, which concentrates on his life as an artist and performer.
Dave Graney also began writing a monthly column for the Melbourne Review.
In 2012, the band's name was altered to Dave Graney & The mistLY, and the album "You've Been in My Mind" was released by Cockaigne/Fuse.
The lead single was "Flash in the Pantz", with an accompanying video of the band shot live at Meredith Music Festival 2011.
A further video for "we need a champion" was filmed and edited by Nick Cowan.
Graney and Moore also played and recorded an album as rhythm section for Harry Howard and the NDE.
A band fronted by old friend Harry Howard ( These Immortal Souls, Crime and the City Solution, the Pink Stainless Tail) and Edwina Preston.
A second album called "Pretty" was recorded and released in early 2013.
A video for "Devil in a garbage Can was shot and edited by Nick Cowans.
2013 saw a series of digital only singles released as work was begun on a solo acoustic album.
Clare Moore was also concentrating on the debut album of her band, The DAMES.
Digital only albums "POINT BLANK" and "LIVE IN HELL" were also released.
Documents of the "narrative shows" performed in 2006 and 2009 respectively.
The Moodists undertook a show as part of the invitational only festival DIG IT UP, curated by the Hoodoo Gurus.
This line-up featured the Blue Oyster Cult , the Flaming Groovies, Peter Case and the Buzzcocks.
A fourth narrative show was also performed at the Butterfly Club in Melbourne.
A solo show called EARLY FOLK featured dave graney playing songs from across his career which had been inspired by the town of Mt Gambier.
May 2014 saw the release of "FEARFUL WIGGINGS", the second album to be credited as a "solo" album.
Again, Clare Moore featured extensively on the album playing vibes and singing.
UK guitarist Nick harper played on two tracks and Graney recorded all the lead vocals with Lisa Gerard (Dead Can Dance) at her studio in country Victoria.
Three songs from the album had accompanying video clips.
The song "everything was legendary with Robert" had a video made for it by film makers Donna McRae and Michael Vale, while a video for "country roads, unwinding" was made by Dave Graney.
This video featured footage of the drive along the Coorong between Adelaide and Mt Gambier shot by Heath Britton.
In 2015 a final video was released for "a woman skinnies a man up", written and directed by Nick Cowan and Thomas Whiteside.
The video clip, a slap stick comedy in the style of Russ Meyer, was hailed by critics as a triumph.
2015 saw the release of several digtial only albums .
"Play mistLY for Me - live recordings vol 1", "dave graney - night of the wolverine demos/early 90s songwriter demos", "Once I Loved The Torn Ocean's Roar - 80s/90s Demos Vol 2" .
2015 also saw the first of several reunion shows with Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes, playing to sellout crowds in Melbourne, Sydney, Newcastle and Adelaide.
The Melbourne annual Leaps and Bounds Festival honoured Dave Graney and Clare Moore as LIVING LEGENDS and a cconcert was held at the Gasometer Hotel with many Melbourne musicians paying tribute to the pair by playing their songs.
The performances went for 5 hourss.
2016 saw Cockaigne releases being updated in digital collections via s new online distributor , the Orchard.
February the first of a monthly digital sinle release with "I'm A Good Hater".
In March there was "This Is The Deadest Place I've Ever Died In".
In April, "I Been Trendy", in May, "Drifting Donna Reed", in June "Are You Out Of Your Mind?
(Get Back In) and in July "You Need A Kleek, Klook".
Dave Graney and the mistLY played an ATP Festival in prestatyn, Wales, curated by comedian Stewart Lee, a long time supporter of their activities.
They joined up with former guitarist Malcolm Ross and played shows in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester (including a BBC6 session with dj Marc Riley) and continued on to dates in France, Holland, Belgium and London.
In July 2016 there was a further return show for Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes to a packed house in Melbourne.
Graney has played at the Big Day Out Festival on many occasions, as well as the Livid festival and the Falls Festival.
He performed on the TV shows "Recovery", "Nomad", "Smash Hits", "Live and Sweaty", "Denton", "Midday with Kerry Anne", "Jimeoin", Shaun Micallef's "Micallef Tonight", "Mornings with Bert Newton", "AM with Denise Drysdale", "Sale of the Century", "The Games", "RocKwiz", "Spicks and Specks", "Australia's Dumbest Musician", "Neighbours" (two-episode story), "Review", Roy and HG's "Club Buggery" (1996–1997).
He wrote a lyric book, "It Is Written, Baby" (1997).
With Moore, he composed and performed the score of the movie "Bad Eggs" (2003), for Mahony's short film "Ray" (2005).
Graney contributed music to and played a small (musical) part in "Stone" (2004), a stage production of the 1960s British play.
In September 2013, Graney also sang on Nick Harper's latest CD ( Riven ) on a track called "The Beginning is Nigh"
The ARIA Music Awards are presented annually from 1987 by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).
Graney and Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes have won two awards from nine nominations.
***LIST***.
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Young and Jackson is a hotel in Melbourne, Australia, at the corner of Flinders Street and Swanston Street.
It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.
The site was purchased by John Batman in 1837 at Melbourne's first Crown land sale.
On the site was built a home for his children, which became a schoolhouse in 1839.
Warehouses were erected on the site after the schoolhouse was razed in 1853.
The Princes Bridge Hotel opened there on 1 July 1861.
The Hotel was renamed to Young and Jackson after the Irish diggers who took it over in 1875, cousins Henry Figsby Young (b.
1849 Dublin, Ireland - d. 29th September 1925) and Thomas Joshua Jackson(b.
1834 - d. 9th May 1901).
The hotel is an amalgamation of five separate buildings of two and three storeys, with the original 1853 bluestone building designed as a three-storey residence, with a butcher's shop on the ground floor.
It was later extended in both directions, with all buildings rendered and painted to match each other by the 1920s.
Since the 1920s the exterior hotel has been dominated by large advertising signs, even to this day.
The hotel is well known for the nude painting "Chloé", painted by French artist Jules Joseph Lefebvre in 1875.
The painting is oil on canvas measuring a life size 260 x 139 cm.
It was purchased for 850 guineas by Dr Thomas Fitzgerald of Lonsdale Street in Melbourne.
After being hung in the National Gallery of Victoria for three weeks in 1883, it was withdrawn from exhibition because of the uproar created especially by the Presbyterian Assembly.
It was bought for the Young and Jackson Hotel in 1908 for 800 pounds, and was damaged in 1943 by an American serviceman who threw a glass of beer at it.
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Grace Cunard (April 8, 1893 – January 19, 1967) was an American actress, screenwriter and film director.
Her sister was actress Mina Cunard.
Born Harriet Mildred Jeffries in Columbus, Ohio, by her late teens she was already acting on live theatre and in silent films using the stage name, Grace Cunard.
Although not clearly documented, it appears Cunard made her motion picture debut in 1910 in an uncredited role in a D.W. Griffith production for Biograph Studios.
In 1911, she had a significant secondary role in the Thomas H. Ince western, "Custer's Last Fight".
After making a number of westerns, she continued to work with actor-director Francis Ford at Universal Studios in a variety of dramas, and came to considerable fame starring in serials.
She starred in Universal Pictures' first serial, "Lucille Love, Girl of Mystery" (1914), and quickly became Universal's serial queen.
The following year Cunard did a 20-episode adventure/mystery called "The Broken Coin", and in 1916, the very successful "The Adventures of Peg o' the Ring".
A 1917 Ford/Cunard short, "Unmasked", was selected to the U.S. National Film Registry in 2014.
In an era when the fledgling film industry saw actors and other film studio personnel frequently pitch in to do multiple tasks, Cunard was no exception, and wrote close to one hundred screenplays.
As well, between 1914 and 1921, she directed 11 films and produced two others.
With age, her career shifted to leads in B-movies and secondary roles or bit parts in others.
Nonetheless, she worked regularly until the mid-1940s, mostly at her home studio, Universal.
Two of her more visible roles are in the 1942 serial "Gang Busters" (a small role, but important enough to serial audiences for her name to appear prominently in the ads and posters) and the 1945 Gloria Jean-Kirby Grant musical "Easy to Look At" (in which she plays a Broadway seamstress).
When Universal changed hands in 1946 and discontinued its program of serials and low-budget features, Cunard retired, at the age of 53.
Cunard was married twice.
The first time was to actor Joe Moore; they ended in divorce in 1925.
She later married film stuntman Jack Tyler Shannon, with whom she remained for the rest of her life.
Both unions were childless.
Grace Cunard Shannon died of cancer, aged 73, in 1967 in Woodland Hills, California.
Her husband died in December 1968; the couple is interred jointly in Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery, Chatsworth, California.
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Alvin D. Kersh is a fictional character in the Fox science fiction television series "The X-Files", played by James Pickens, Jr..
He serves as a figure of authority within the series, first introduced as an Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and is later promoted to the post of Deputy Director.
Kersh acts as an antagonist who bureaucratically prevents Special Agents Fox Mulder, Dana Scully, John Doggett and Monica Reyes from investigating cases dealing with the paranormal, dubbed X-Files.
Kersh first appeared as a guest role in several episodes of the series' sixth season, returning as a recurring character in the eighth and ninth seasons.
Kersh's creation was driven by a need to place pressure on the character of Walter Skinner.
The character has been met with mixed to negative critical responses, although he was initially positively received before coming to be considered a "one-note" role as the series progressed.
Pickens, as part of the series' ensemble cast, earned a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for his work.
Kersh's first appearance in the series was during the sixth season opening episode "The Beginning".
As an Assistant Director, he temporarily became supervisor to Agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) when they were assigned away from the X-Files division.
During this time The Smoking Man could be seen in his office, reminiscent of his silent presence in Walter Skinner's office in early seasons.
Kersh assigned Mulder and Scully mostly to menial tasks, such as terrorist details and Federal background checks.
When they did investigate an X-File behind his back, Kersh would charge them for expenses they incurred on the case, forcing them to pay out of their own pocket.
He also attempted to separate Mulder and Scully, believing that Mulder threw away a promising career as a criminal profiler, but that Scully's career could still be saved.
When Mulder and Scully were reassigned to the X-Files office, Kersh continued to climb the ladder, culminating in an assignment as Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
It was not long after his promotion that Mulder was abducted by aliens.
At the beginning of the eighth season, Kersh assigned John Doggett (Robert Patrick) to run the manhunt for Mulder.
When the manhunt failed, Doggett was assigned to the X-files with Scully, until Mulder was found in "This Is Not Happening".
When Mulder returned, Kersh refused to assign him to the X-Files, keeping Doggett in that position.
When Mulder and Doggett pursued an unauthorized case, Kersh was prepared to fire them both, but Mulder accepted full responsibility and was dismissed from the FBI.
Shortly thereafter, Mulder disappeared again.
After Doggett saw Kersh in a late night meeting with two conspirators, Knowle Rohrer and Gene Crane, Doggett brought in Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish) to help him investigate Kersh's involvement in Mulder's disappearance.
The investigation turned up nothing.
Although Doggett seemed convinced that Kersh was involved in the conspiracy, Kersh insisted that he was actually protecting Mulder.
During the ninth season, the Toothpick Man (Alan Dale), a key conspirator, could be seen in the company of Kersh, much like The Smoking Man before.
During the series finale "The Truth", he sets up a kangaroo court to try Mulder and sentences him to death, deliberately ignoring evidence which would free him.
When he finally helps Doggett and Skinner free Mulder from a military prison it leaves those who help Mulder in danger themselves, something he could have avoided just a day earlier.
Following this, Kersh had to permanently close the X-Files to appease his irate superiors, thus ruining Mulder's career.
The character was named after Dr. Kersh and Anton Kersh, characters from "Vampire Circus"—a favourite film of series creator Chris Carter.
According to writer and producer Frank Spotnitz, the creation of the Kersh character was due to the writers desiring to create another of the several characters in the series who put pressure on Walter Skinner.
When reflecting on the casting of James Pickens, Jr., Spotnitz called him "another great find", adding that "so many times over the course of the series we just got so lucky with the actors that we cast in these guest parts and just kept bringing them back because they were so wonderful.
That's what happened with William B. Davis as the Cigarette-Smoking Man and with Nick Lea as Krycek, and with Mitch Pileggi as Walter Skinner, and that's what happened here with James Pickens.
Just a fantastic actor, not at all like this person, really transformed himself to play this part".
Spotnitz thought that, for a viewer who had weekly been watching "The X-Files" sixth season, there was a great sense of gratification when—in the final moments of "One Son"—Spender essentially withdraws and tells Kersh that Mulder has been right, all along, precisely because the last thing that Kersh wanted was for Spender to behave in this way.
Pickens prepared for this role by observing several of Kersh's real-life counterparts at the FBI's Los Angeles office, where, according to the actor, the most useful thing he learned was that most of the people at Kersh's level had been with the Bureau for twenty or twenty-five years and had not reached their positions in the FBI hierarchy by taking their work less than seriously or bucking the system without good reason.
Robert Patrick, who portrayed John Doggett, recognized that his own character and Kersh were "both military men – Air Force, Marines".
Kersh was depicted as a United States Navy A-6 Intruder weapons officer during the Vietnam War.
Both Patrick and director Kim Manners thought that, as Kersh, Pickens would "come in each week and just nail his stuff" regardless of what else was going on.
Similarly, Frank Spotnitz thought that "Robert Patrick and James Pickens really had a chemistry, loved playing scenes together.
And I think their scenes together were some of the finest ones in the last two years of the show."
Michael Avalos, writing for the "Knight Ridder Tribune", felt positively about the introduction of Kersh, saying he harbored "almost fond memories" of the former recurring character, Section Chief Scott Blevins, played by Charles Cioffi.
George Avalos and Michael Liedtke from the "Contra Costa Times" reacted positive towards James Pickens, Jr.'s performance in the eighth season's "Via Negativa", saying the story "clicked" thanks to Kersh and Walter Skinner.
"Salon" writer Aaron Kinner when writing a review for the ninth season, noted that he was the first black character since X's death in season four, while not positive towards the character's development during the ninth season and the season overall.
Writing for "Cinefantastique" about the character's introduction, Paul Vitaris called Pickens "a fine addition to the cast" of the series, describing his portrayal of Kersh as "a strong presence".
However, during a review of the eighth season two years later, Vitaris described Kersh as "one of the most one-note characters yet" on the series.
Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book "Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen", describe Kersh's return in the eighth season as "contrived but forgivable".
Shearman and Pearson noted that the character is "an effective obstruction to any number of X-Files cases, but he can hardly be considered a lead villain".
In 1999, Pickens was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series for his work as Kersh, alongside Gillian Anderson, William B. Davis, David Duchovny, Mitch Pileggi and Chris Owens.
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P Cygni (34 Cyg) is a variable star in the constellation Cygnus.
The designation "P" was originally assigned by Johann Bayer in "Uranometria" as a nova.
Located about 5000 to 6000 light-years (1500–1800 parsecs) from Earth, it is a hypergiant luminous blue variable (LBV) star of spectral type B1Ia that is one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way.
The star is located about 5000 to 6000 light-years (1500–1800 parsecs) from Earth.
Despite this vast distance, it is visible to the naked eye in suitable dark sky locations.
It was unknown until the end of the 16th century, when it suddenly brightened to 3rd magnitude.
It was first observed on 18 August (Gregorian) 1600 by Willem Janszoon Blaeu, a Dutch astronomer, mathematician and globe-maker.
Bayer's atlas of 1603 assigned it the miscellaneous label P and the name has stuck ever since.
After six years the star faded slowly, dropping below naked-eye visibility in 1626.
It brightened again in 1655, but had faded by 1662.
Another outburst took place in 1665; this was followed by numerous fluctuations.
Since 1715 P Cygni has been a fifth magnitude star, with only minor fluctuations in brightness.
Today it has a magnitude of 4.8, irregularly variable by a few hundredths of a magnitude on a scale of days.
The visual brightness is increasing by about 0.15 magnitude per century, attributed to a slow decrease in temperature at constant luminosity.
P Cygni has been called a "permanent nova" because of spectral similarities and the obvious outflow of material, and was once treated with novae as an eruptive variable; however its behaviour is no longer thought to involve the same processes associated with true novae.
P Cygni is widely considered to be the earliest known example of a luminous blue variable.
However it is far from a typical example.
It has been largely unvarying both in brightness and spectrum since a series of large outbursts in the 17th century, whereas typical LBV behaviour is to show slow variation on a period of years to decades with occasional outbursts where the star shows a significant decrease in temperature and increase in visual brightness at roughly constant luminosity.
P Cygni on the other hand, shows only relatively minor brightness and spectral variations, but underwent at least two of the "giant eruptions" shown only by Eta Carinae and possibly a handful of extra-galactic objects.
P Cygni does show evidence for previous large eruptions around 900, 2,100, and possibly 20,000 years ago.
In more recent centuries, it has been very slowly increasing in visual magnitude and decreasing in temperature, which has been interpreted as the expected evolutionary trend of a massive star towards a red supergiant stage.
Luminous blue variables like P Cygni are very rare and short lived, and only form in regions of galaxies where intense star formation is happening.
LBV stars are so massive and energetic (typically 50 times the mass of the Sun and tens of thousands of times more luminous) that they exhaust their nuclear fuel very quickly.
After shining for only a few million years (compared to several billion years for the Sun) they erupt in a supernova.
The recent supernova SN 2006gy was likely the end of an LBV star similar to P Cygni but located in a distant galaxy.
P Cygni is thought to be in the hydrogen shell burning phase immediately after leaving the main sequence.
It has been identified as a possible type IIb supernova candidate in modelling of the fate of stars 20 to 25 times the mass of the Sun (with LBV status as the predicted final stage beforehand).
P Cygni gives its name to a type of spectroscopic feature called a P Cygni profile, where the presence of both absorption and emission in the profile of the same spectral line indicates the existence of a gaseous envelope expanding away from the star.
The emission line arises from a dense stellar wind near to the star, while the blueshifted absorption lobe is created where the radiation passes through circumstellar material rapidly expanding in the direction of the observer.
These profiles are useful in the study of stellar winds in many types of stars.
They are often cited as an indicator of a luminous blue variable star, although they also occur in other types of star.
The size of the stellar wind H-alpha emission region is 5.64 +/- 0.21 milli-arcseconds.
At the estimated distance of 1,700 parsecs this is a physical size of approximately 26 stellar radii.
It has been proposed P Cygni's eruptions could be caused by mass transfer to a hypothetical companion star of spectral type B that would have a mass between 3 and 6 times the mass of the Sun and would orbit P Cygni each 7 years in a high eccentricity orbit.
Infall of matter into the secondary star would produce the release of gravitational energy, part of which would cause an increase of the luminosity of the system.
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As the chapter opens, Jesus goes again to Jerusalem for "a feast".
Because the gospel records Jesus' visit to Jerusalem for the Passover in , and another Passover was mentioned in , some commentators have speculated whether also referred to a Passover (implying that the events of John 2-6 took place over at least three years), or whether a different feast is indicated.
Bengel's Gnomen lists a number of authorities for the proposition that the feast referred to was Pentecost.
The Pulpit Commentary notes that "the indefinite has been identified by commentators with every feast in the calendar, so there can be no final settlement of the problem".
According to , "Three times a year all your males shall appear before the Lord your God in the place which He chooses (i.e.
Jerusalem): at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, at the Feast of Weeks, and at the Feast of Tabernacles".
At the Pool of Bethesda Jesus heals a man who is both paralyzed and isolated.
Jesus tells him to "Pick up your mat and walk!"
This takes place on the Sabbath, and Jewish religious leaders see the man carrying his mat and tell him this is against the law.
He tells them the man who healed him told him to do so, and they ask who that was.
He tries to point out Jesus, but he has slipped away into the crowd.
Jesus comes to him later and tells him "Stop sinning or something worse may happen to you."
The man then tells the Jewish religious leaders it was Jesus who healed him ().
The ruins of the Pool of Bethesda are still standing in Jerusalem.
Verses 3b-4 are not found in the most reliable manuscripts of John, although they appear in the King James Version of the Bible (which is based on the Textus Receptus).
Most modern textual critics believe that John 5:3b-4 is an interpolation, and not an original part of the text of John.
The New English Translation and the English Revised Version omit this text completely, but others such as the New International Version refer to it in a note.
The Jews begin to persecute Jesus (and in some texts, the gospel says that they seek to kill him).
Anglican clergyman Charles Ellicott argued that "the words 'and sought to slay Him' should be omitted.
They have been inserted in some manuscripts to explain the first clause of (the Jews sought "the more" to kill him)".
Two reasons emerge:
***LIST***.
From Jesus' words, "My Father", Methodist founder John Wesley observed that "It is evident [that] all the hearers so understood him [to mean] making himself equal with God".
Jesus continues to speak of himself ("the Son") in relation to God ("the Father"): the Son can do nothing independently of (or in rivalry with) the Father; the Son imitates the Father; the Father loves the Son and shows Him his ways; and the Son gives life in the way that the Father raises the dead.
But the Father has delegated the exercise of judgment to the Son: all should honour the Son as they would honour the Father, and anyone who does not honour the Son does not honour the Father who sent Him.
() Two sayings then follow each commencing with a double "amen" (, translated "Verily, verily" in the King James Version, "Truly, truly" in the English Standard Version, or "Very truly I tell you" in the New International Version):
***LIST***.
Reformed Evangelical theologian D. A. Carson sees as giving the "strongest affirmation of inaugurated eschatology in the Fourth Gospel" ... it is not necessary for the believer to "wait until the last day to experience something of resurrection life."
Lutheran theologian Heinrich Meyer refers to "the hour when the dead hear the voice of the Son of God" as the "resurrection summons".
Meyer argues that this "hour" extends from its beginning at "Christ’s entrance upon His life-giving ministry" until "the second advent - already had it begun to be present, but, viewed in its completeness, it still belonged to the future".
The final verses of this chapter, verses 31 to 47 refer to what the New King James Version calls the "fourfold witness".
Jesus states that he does not bear witness () to himself, for such witness would not be true or valid.
Instead he calls on the testimony of four other witnesses:
***LIST***.
Jesus says that the Jews who seek to kill him study the scriptures hoping for eternal life, but that the scriptures speak of him, and people still refuse to come to him for life.
People accept people who preach in their own name but not in one who comes in the name of the Father.
"How can you believe if you accept praise from one another, yet make no effort to obtain the praise that comes from the only God?"
He then speaks of Moses as their accuser:
But, says Jesus, since you do not believe what Moses wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?"
() Theologian Albert Barnes notes that "the ancient fathers of the Church and the generality of modern commentators have regarded our Lord as the prophet promised in these verses [of Deuteronomy]".
Commentators have also explored whether the contrast to be emphasized is a contrast between the person of Moses and the person of Jesus, or between Moses understood as the author or scriptural writings and Jesus, who did not write but whose testimony was his 'sayings'.
Bengel's Gnomen argues that in John 5:47, Moses' writings () are placed in antithesis to Jesus' words (): "Often more readily is belief attached to a letter previously received, than to a discourse heard for the first time".
However, the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges is critical of this approach:
These teachings of Jesus are almost only found in John.
In the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus only speaks of himself as the Messiah in such a straightforward way at the very end, shortly before his death.
All this occurs in Jerusalem, where the Synoptic Gospels have very little of Jesus's teachings occurring in Jerusalem and then only before his death.
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The game allows the player to assume the role of a combat pilot named William Crowe as he experiences the various phases of the Pacific War with Japan, beginning with the Pearl Harbor attack.
There are six game modes: Campaign, Instant Action, Single Mission, Historical, Training, and Multiplayer.
One or two players can play simultaneously on the console or up to eight players can play on the network via Xbox Live or using a PlayStation 2 with network adapter.
There are two different control schemes for flying the planes, Arcade and Professional.
The Arcade control scheme allows for easier control of the plane via a single joystick with automatic rudders, while the Professional controls offer separate control of the pitch, roll and yaw of the plane.
"Heroes of the Pacific" also offers multiple difficulty levels: Rookie, Pilot, Veteran, and Ace.
Completing missions on higher difficulty unlocks more planes and rewards the player with more upgrade points, which can be used to upgrade your unlocked aircraft after missions are accomplished.
This simulation also allows players to pilot famous planes such as the P-40 Warhawk, P-51 Mustang, F4U Corsair, P-47 Thunderbolt and a number of Japanese and German planes from World War II, including several experimental planes, such as the Blohm & Voss BV P.215 and the J7W Shinden.
Ten campaigns, with 26 missions taken from real events of the Pacific campaign.
While some of the missions in Heroes of the Pacific require specific planes (such as the PBY Catalina), the player can usually choose which plane to fly from the allowable classes for each mission (Fighter, Dive Bombers, Torpedo Bombers, Bombers).
The game begins with the player at Pearl Harbor (or in flight school should the player choose to learn the controls first), as the Japanese begin their attack.
Crowe manages to get to a plane and hold off the enemy forces until the rest of his squadron get into the air.
After defending an oil field from fighters, the Arizona explodes and Crowe's brother Charlie is killed.
Crowe expresses rage, and he nearly pursues the fleeing enemy planes before Hickam Control tells him to re-fuel and re-arm.
Crowe shortly visits home after Pearl Harbor and writes his mother a letter about Charlie, although it states that the Navy will get the telegram to her before the letter arrives.
He is restationed at Wake Island where he comes under the command of Admiral Daniel Howells.
He later participates in escorting Howells off the island as it is about to fall to the Japanese.
When they make it to the Lexington, Crowe gets a new squadron consisting of Cunningham, Murphy, Slater, and commanded by Callahan.
He participates in the attack on the Marshall Islands, where he steals a Zero fighter, and is ambushed by the first member of the 13th squadron, the same squadron that sank the USS "Arizona" and killed Crowe's brother.
He shoots down the 13th squadron member, Kazuya Yamashita, and makes it back to the carrier in once piece.
After escorting a team of commandos to rescue prisoners from the islands, he is introduced to Tom Stuart, a pilot who was shot down, captured, and freed by the commandos.
Stuart goes on to become a member of the squadron, and its best pilot excluding Crowe.
After fighting in the Battle of the Coral Sea, and watching the USS "Lexington" sink, Crowe and Callahan witness someone try to sabotage Crowe's plane.
At the Battle of Midway, he goes on a reconnaissance mission in a PBY "Catalina" seaplane, and finds the fleets.
During the attack on the base itself (where Stuart nearly shoots down Murphy, Murphy never forgives Stuart), the squadron shoots down many fighters, except a new member, "Ox".
They then assault the main Japanese fleet, where Crowe and Murphy sink the "Akagi", Callahan sinks the "Soryu", while Cunningham sinks the "Kaga".
they receive new orders to take down the heavy cruiser "Mikuma", a warship seen fleeing the area.
As they get there, fighters manages to keep Crowe, Callaghan, and the rest of the fighters tied up.
This causes Callahan to send Ox and his squadron of SBD "Dauntless" dive bombers to attack the small fleet on their own.
By the time Crowe and the rest get there, Ox and his entire wing of bombers are shot down, not even getting close enough to drop bombs, although Ox manages to pull off a suicide dive into the "Mikuma" after he is hit.
However it still remains afloat.
Crowe and the rest concentrate on one area at a time, and eventually avenge Ox by sinking the ship.
As they head back Stuart sees something in the clouds, and Callaghan sends Crowe to check it out.
It is a group of Japanese fighters, the leader being another member of the 13th squadron, Kaito Fujiwara, who is also shot down by Crowe.
On Guadalcanal, Crowe and the others take the airfield and take down the Tokyo express, a Japanese supply route, defend the USS "Enterprise" from attack and return to Guadalcanal to defend the island from a retaliatory Japanese attack.
During this time Crowe learns that his father has died, but didn't know until it was too late due to the fact that the mail had been held up.
On a recon mission in the Gilbert islands, he runs into yet another of the 13th squadron, Taiki Hasegawa, who is still shot down.
On the way to the main attack, Tom Stuart's plane blew a gasket and turned back to the carrier while the others went ahead.
Shortly after Tom leaves, the entire squadron is ambushed by enemy planes hiding in the clouds.
After the ambush, Murphy thinks "It's awfully convenient that Tom wasn't here".
Crowe realizes that Murphy, and probably many others, think that Stuart is the traitor.
Before they can speak any further, Callahan tells them to deal with it on the carrier.
Back at the carrier, nearly all the pilots riot, and try to kill Tom.
He is only saved by Crowe and Callahan defending him.
Admiral Howells grounds Tom for his own safety stating "It's just as likely that he's going to get a tailful of U.S. bullets as much as Japanese".
In the Marianas, Crowe saves an undercover agent, Usurper, for the allies from the Japanese.
They later go to attack the Japanese fleet, but bombers come at their carrier before they can get there.
After dispatching them, they hit the main fleet, and after Crowe's plane suffers engine problems as Callahan, Cunningham, and the rest have to leave him behind.
The 13th squadron second-in-command, Ibuki Isihiro, tracks down Crowe and nearly kills him, but he dodges, and is only saved by the timely arrival of none other than the suspected traitor himself, Tom Stuart.
Tom draws off the Japanese planes and buys enough time for Crowe to get to the carrier.
In the morning, a team goes out to find Stuart, but discovers that he was shot down and killed, but not after killing the second-in-command.
Tom Stuart was buried at sea with full military honors.
What remains of the squadron goes to the Philippines to try to help the Allies, and Crowe is sent to steal a prototype German Me262 jet fighter using information obtained from Usurper.
After he takes off, he dogfights a German ace, Karl Heinz Kruger, flying another Me262 jet.
The German constantly taunts Crowe.
However, Crowe kills him, makes it back to the fleet, and helps to sink the Japanese super-battleship, "Musashi".
They participate in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where they provide aerial support for "Taffy 3" in its encounter with an entire Japanese task force.
They go on to sink the last two carriers that attacked Pearl Harbor, and after Crowe is called into Howells's office.
One, the man who sabotages Crowe's plane at the Coral Sea was not Tom Stuart, but a pilot named Mike Canning, who wanted to take Crowe 'a few slots down on the kills board'.
It states he'll be peeling potatoes for the rest of the war, as the admiral gives Crowe a note he somehow acquired from Shun Ogawa, the leader of the 13th squadron, and the one who killed Charlie.
The note said only two words: Iwo Jima.
On Iwo Jima, Crowe helps fight off attacks from baka bombs, and destroys much of the first airfield.
Then he covers the landings while in a B-25 "Mitchell" bomber, and covers the battleship USS "Missouri" as she is attacked by kamikaze submarines.
In the final mission, it appears that something happened to Cunningham, as only Murphy and Callahan are flying with Crowe.
He destroys the AA guns around the enemy airfield so it can be bombed by friendly bombers, and saves the American-held airfield from annihilation by tanks.
He escorts Sergeant Thompson and his squad of Marines up the side of Mt.
Suribachi to plant the flag.
After destroying the fortress within, the men nearly plant the flag, when an unknown plane flies by, and comes after Murphy.
He states 'Looks like lighting, kicks like a mule too' meaning he may have been hit.
The pilot identifies himself as Shun Ogawa, the 13th squadron's leader, and they proceed to one on one combat.
Crowe eventually kills him, and makes it back to the fleet after Mt.
Suribachi is taken.
He and Callaghan both receive the Navy Cross for their actions during the war, and the entire squadron is sent home.
Crowe states that Charlie and his father are buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
He gets together with Callahan and the rest of the boys every year, indicating that Cunningham made it, and so did a few others, and talk about the war, and the true Heroes of the Pacific, the ones who didn't come back.
"Heroes of the Pacific" was developed by Melbourne development company Thatgame, who merged with IR Gurus shortly after the release of the game.
In 2008, IR Gurus was renamed Transmission Games.
Many of the members of the development team previously worked together at Melbourne House, on titles such as ', "Grand Prix Challenge", and '.
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Lascelles was born in 1797.
He was the second son of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood, and Henrietta Sebright, daughter of Sir John Sebright, 7th Baronet.
Lascelles was commissioned as an ensign in the 1st Foot Guards in 1814 and fought in the Battle of Waterloo when he was slightly wounded by an exploding shell when carrying the standard of his (Second) battalion of the regiment.
He went onto half-pay in 1820, the year he began to serve part-time as a lieutenant in the Yorkshire Hussars Yeomanry in 1820, but he did not fully retire from the regular army until 1831.
He sat as Member of Parliament for Northallerton from 1826 to 1831 and also served as Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire between 1846 and 1857.
On 20 May 1848, he became a member of the Canterbury Association.
Harewood Forest (beyond Oxford; now logged out) and the Christchurch suburb of Harewood (where Christchurch International Airport is located) are named for him.
Lord Harewood married Lady Louisa Thynne (c. 1808–1859), daughter of Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath, on 5 July 1823.
They had thirteen children:
***LIST***.
Harewood and his wife resided for a time at the ancestral seat of the family, Goldsborough Hall in the eponymous North Yorkshire village.
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A drug recall removes a prescription or over-the-counter drug from the market.
Drug recalls in the United States are made by the FDA or the creators of the drug when certain criteria are met.
When a drug recall is made, the drug is removed from the market and potential legal action can be taken depending on the severity of the drug recall.
Drug recalls are classified in the US by the FDA in three different categories.
Class I recalls are the most severe and indicate that exposure and/or consumption of the drug will lead to adverse health effects or death.
Class II recalls refer to drugs that induce temporary and/or medically reversible health effects.
Class III recalls occur when adverse health effects are not likely to occur when consuming the drug or being exposed to it.
There are also market withdrawals and medical device safety alerts'.
Market withdrawals occur when a product has a minor violation that does not require FDA legal action.
Medical device safety alerts occur when there are unreasonable safety risks associated with using a product.
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup introduced as a soothing agent for both humans and animals, but was primarily advertised to help soothe teething babies.
Though not directly affiliated with the FDA, Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup was denounced by the American Medical Association in 1911 via their article titled "Baby Killers."
The syrup was sold until as late as 1930 in the United Kingdom.
In 1971, Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was recalled from the market.
It was intended to be used to prevent prenatal problems during pregnancy.
Women who took DES were shown to have a greater chance of having breast cancer.
It is estimated that 5 to 10 million persons were exposed to DES until its recall in 1971.
Both mothers and second generation daughters are confirmed to have adverse side effects from DES.
Daughters of DES Mothers are more than twice as likely to form breast cancer and are 2.4 times as likely to be infertile.
Sons of DES mothers have displayed side effects like genital abnormalities, non-cancerous Epididymal Cysts, and infertility.
The Third Generation of people exposed to DES are just now entering into an age where reproductive problems and abnormalities can be studied.
No viable results currently exist.
The FDA will issue different levels of recall depending on the severity of the effects.
From most to least severe, there is Class I, Class II, and Class III (defined above).There is also market withdrawal which occurs when a drug does not violate FDA regulation but has a known, minor default.
The producer must either fix the default or take the drug off the market.
Drugs and medical devices are typically recalled if the product is defective, contaminated, contains a foreign object, fails to meet specifications, mislabeled, or misbranded.
Misbranding was the most common reason for pharmaceutical recalls in 2015, accounting for 42%.
The recall process in the United States follows three approximate phases.
Distinct difficulties arise depending on the type of drug being recalled.
Drug recalls can be initiated by the producing firm or the FDA, and those launched by the FDA can be either mandatory or voluntary.
This is applicable not just to drugs but all products covered under the FDA.
A firm submitting a recall to the FDA must provide all relevant information about the specific drug, including but not limited to: product name, use, description, and at least two samples of product (including packaging, instructions, inserts, etc.).
The firm must explain the problem they found with the product, how they found this problem, and the reason the problem occurred.
For example, if the firm finds a leaking pipe near a product assembly line and tests for batches of the drug produced on that line are positive for contamination, they would submit that as the reason to how they believe their products came to be affected.
After submitting a field report, the potential risks will be assessed.
In processing the recall, a Health Hazard Assessment will be conducted by the FDA to determine the recall class (defined above).
Level, notification, instructions, mechanics, impacts on economy, and individual consumer must all be considered in determining recall strategy.
Level of recall refers to which part of the distribution chain to which the recall is extended (wholesale, retail, pharmacy, medical user, etc.).
Notification is the way consumers are alerted to the recall.
In cases of a severe health hazard, a press release must be promptly issued.
The FDA recommends a written notification, so consumers will have lasting documentation.
There are guidelines for notification depending on type; these types include: mail, phone, facsimile, e-mail, media.
Instructions and mechanics are information provided to the consumer regarding appropriate action for the recall.
The instructions include if the product is to be returned, and if so, where and how they should return the product.
It is important to consider the recalled drug’s place in the market, should the recall lead to market shortages.
The FDA will conduct an Effectiveness Check to determine the success of the recall.
The drug will either undergo controlled destruction or reconditioning (i.e.
relabeling with the correct label).
Status reports are conducted throughout the recall to determine effectiveness.
The root cause of the recall must be addressed and corrected to prevent future occurrences.
After all corrective action is acknowledged and carried out, the FDA can terminate the recall.
OTC, prescription, and compounded drugs (drugs tailored to a specific patient) each pose unique challenges to the recall process.
Over the counter drugs are widely distributed and there is no direct link between company and consumer.
Recalls are typically only advertised online and in the media, so consumers are subject to their own awareness.
Lot numbers indicated on the packing allow only those affected to participate in recall.
Prescription drug recalls are made simpler because they follow supply chain: the manufacturer notifies the pharmacy who notifies the patient.
However, since there is not a lot/batch number on packaging, recalls must rely on date ranges (date the prescription was filled) whose inaccuracy may lead to higher costs.
Compounded drugs are simple to recall because there is a direct link to patient.
Despite the seeming simplicity, the offending component is typically identified across multiple drug classifications, expanding the recall.
The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 recognized the threat of injury and death that vaccines can pose.
It allowed for financial compensation of the family should such threats come to light, and it increased vaccination safety precautions.
If the federal compensation is not sufficient or not granted, this act allowed patients to take legal action for vaccine injuries.
This is relevant to drug recalls because a vaccine producer is responsible for reparative damages if their vaccine causes injury and was not recalled.
The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 was passed in order to streamline the FDA to meet standards of efficiency expected by the 21st century.
In regards to drugs, the act lowered the regulatory obligations of pharmaceutical companies, allowing them to rely on one clinical trial for approval.
It is still the assumption, however, that two trials are necessary to determine safety and effectiveness.
In addition to lower regulatory hurdles, the act allowed for the advertisement of “off label” uses.
The effects of this could be unnecessary overuse of the product by consumers and larger profits for the firm.
Apropos to medical devices, private for-profit firms were allowed to review the products instead of the FDA.
The 21st Century Cures Act would allow for faster approval of certain drugs, which could result in additional recalls.
It passed both houses of Congress and was signed into law by US President Barack Obama on December 13, 2016.
In 2015, 45 new drugs were passed by the FDA, which is more than double than the approval rate 10 years ago.
The 21st Century Cures Act could make this number a trend rather than aberration by expediting approval through lower standards, much like the FDA Modernization Act of 1997.
The rationale behind the act is that urgency trumps risk for “breakthrough” medical devices.
The act would allow producers to submit data other than official clinical trials for consideration, such as case histories.
It would also allow reviews to be done by third parties instead of the FDA.
Debates stem from the fact that approval could be based on anecdotal rather than scientific evidence.
This act is debated due to the FDA’s seemingly close relations with medical device producers.
The two industries collaborated to write proposals for lobbying for the legislation of this act.
The FDA is supposed to be neutral in its actions, but representatives from Johnson & Johnson, St Jude Medical, and CVRx Inc. (large medical device suppliers) were all in attendance for the collaborative meetings.
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The Bride of Brackenloch is an off-Broadway play written in 1987 by Rick Abbot.
The play is a farce.
The action takes place in Scotland.
The story is about Jabez Thorngall who lost his bride, Victoria Cavendish, to an ancient family curse.
After the ordeal, Jabez takes a new bride, an American heiress and Scottish bartender named Daphne Dixon.
Soon after, a piece of leather called the Strong Wong Hong Kong tong gong thong, stolen by Jabez's grandfather goes missing and Jabez's sister's husband is found locked in the Brackenloch vault.
Things begin to become weird.
The major suspect is a handyman who works for Jabez.
Jabez Thorngall - The leading male character in the play.
He is Scottish Daphne Dixon - The female lead who disguised herself as Jabez's first bride, Victoria Cavendish.
Daphne is the daughter of an American millionaire and was hired in Scotland to work as a barmaid in the Thorngalls' pub.
Alicia, Lady Goddard - The sister of Jabez's late mother, making her his aunt
Comfort Grody - Jabez's close childhood friend who thought that she was going to marry Jabez, based on what Jabez said to her before he left to calm down following Victoria's disappearance.
Comfort is British.
Glynis Thorngall Prescott - Jabez's sister who married detective Eldwyn Prescott.
Mavis Beaufort - The Thorngalls' neighbor who supposedly saw Victoria Cavendish fall off the moors on the day of her disappearance.
She has an estate called Cobwithers which she hopes to connect with the Brackenloch property.
Janet Magleesh - The Thorngalls' tough-talking housekeeper who gets upset with the girls after they asked not to have the candles lit (Act 1).
Fenella Magleesh - Initially a scullery maid and assistant to Janet Magleesh, she is revealed in Act 3 to be Janet's daughter.
She was crying in Act 1 for reasons unexplained.
In Act 3, both Janet and Fenella reveal that she was upset over Jabez's decision to marry both the non-existent Victoria Cavendish and then Daphne Dixon because she hoped she would one day catch Jabez's attention.
Eldwyn Prescott - Detective and Glynis's husband who disguised himself as another detective named Wilbur Yardley to investigate the disappearance of the non-existent Victoria Cavendish, with the help of Comfort Grody.
Mrs. Mousely - The Thorngalls' "cranky cook" as she describes herself.
Andrew McHandford - The Thorngalls' gardener and handyman who was revealed to be involved in the death of Jabez's grandfather.
He tries to defend himself by pointing a gun at everyone, only to be abducted and eaten by the thought-to-be-existing Beast of Brackenloch, whom the family calls "Bracky".
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Jay Lane (born December 5, 1964) is an American drummer from the San Francisco Bay Area.
He is a founding member of Furthur, as well as the Golden Gate Wingmen with John Kadlecik, Jeff Chimenti, and Reed Mathis.
He also plays with Primus, Bob Weir's RatDog, Scaring the Children with Weir and Rob Wasserman, Jay's Happy Sunshine Burger Joint, and the hip hop/jazz fusion band Alphabet Soup.
In 2002, Lane was named "drummer of the year" by the California Music Awards.
Lane began learning to play the drums at age nine, and continued to take lessons for 2 years.
At sixteen, he took a summer job at a music camp in Cazadero, where he met saxophonist/drummer Dave Ellis and future Spearhead guitarist Dave Shul.
In 1982, Lane played with Dave Shul in the band Ice Age.
In 1983, he joined Bay Area ska punk band The Uptones when their saxophonist left, prompting drummer Dave Ellis to switch instruments.
They released an album, "K.U.S.A.
", before Lane left in 1985 to join the Freaky Executives.
After four years of gigging the Executives landed a record deal with Warner Bros. Records.
It was during this time that Lane met Primus bassist Les Claypool in the bands' shared rehearsal space, and the two became friends as Claypool volunteered to act as a roadie for the Freaky Executives.
In 1988, Lane had become so frustrated with Warner's handling of the Executives' contract that when Claypool asked him to recommend a replacement for Primus' recently departed drummer Tim "Curveball" Wright, Lane accepted the position himself.
Claypool, Lane, and guitarist Todd Huth played together as Primus for about eight months, and recorded a demo tape named "Sausage".
At the end of 1988, the Freaky Executives' deal looked to be taking a turn for the better, and as Claypool was ready for Primus to start touring, Lane decided he no longer had time for both projects and chose to leave Primus, and also left the Freaky Executives after their record deal was shelved.
In the early '90s, Lane began playing in a trio with double bass player Rob Wasserman and Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir, who had previously been playing as a duo for "six or eight years" before inviting Lane to join them.
In 1992, Lane was reunited with Dave Ellis when he joined jazz combo the Charlie Hunter Trio, and co-founded the hip hop/jazz fusion group Alphabet Soup.
The Charlie Hunter Trio released their debut album, "Charlie Hunter Trio", in 1993.
Lane later reunited with Claypool and Huth as the band Sausage, named in recognition of the Primus demo they recorded together six years prior.
They recorded a single album, 1994's "Riddles Are Abound Tonight", followed by a short tour in support of Helmet and Rollins Band.
In 1995, Lane released his last album with the Charlie Hunter Trio, "Bing, Bing, Bing!
", as well as Alphabet Soup's debut, "Layin' Low in the Cut", and following the death of Jerry Garcia, the trio of Lane, Weir and Wasserman became the basis for the band RatDog.
In 1996, Alphabet Soup released their second album, "Strivin"', and Lane guested on Claypool's debut solo album "Highball with the Devil".
In 1997, Lane guested on Christión's debut album, "Ghetto Cyrano", playing keyboards.
Throughout the 2000s, Lane continued to tour with RatDog, playing hometown shows with Alphabet Soup whenever they had a break in the schedule.
In 2000, RatDog released their own debut album, "Evening Moods", followed by "Live at Roseland" in 2001.
Also in 2001, Lane appeared once more alongside Claypool and Huth, plus others, on the Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade albums "Live Frogs Set 1" and "Live Frogs Set 2", the latter of which is a complete performance of Pink Floyd's "Animals".
In 2002, Lane guested on the Frog Brigade's studio album, "Purple Onion", and was named "drummer of the year" by the California Music Awards.
In 2005, Claypool released his retrospective DVD "5 Gallons of Diesel", featuring many projects that included Lane, and Lane toured with him as part of his Fancy Band.
In 2006, many members of Alphabet Soup branched out to form the hip hop/reggae fusion group Band of Brotherz, and Lane joined shortly after.
They released their debut album "Deadbeats and Murderous Melodys" in 2009, featuring covers of Grateful Dead songs, supported by a tour of the East Coast of the United States and a number of dates nationwide with special guests, including the trio of Lane, Weir and Wasserman reunited under the name Scaring the Children.
At the end of 2009, Weir put RatDog on hiatus in order to dedicate his time to forming the supergroup Furthur with Phil Lesh, and Lane joined them as a charter member.
In 2010, Lane left both Furthur and Band of Brotherz to rejoin Primus with Claypool and long-standing guitarist Larry LaLonde, and they released the free "June 2010 Rehearsal" digital EP, followed in 2011 by a new album, titled "Green Naugahyde".
As of 2012, Lane's official site still credited him as an active member of RatDog despite the hiatus, as well as Alphabet Soup, and Scaring the Children.
In September 2013, it was revealed that Lane had left Primus to rejoin RatDog, who were ending their hiatus.
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The Henney Kilowatt was an electric car introduced in the United States for the 1959 model year.
The car used some body parts as made for the Renault Dauphine.
An improved model was introduced in 1960 with a top speed of 60 miles an hour and a range of 60 miles.
Only 47 cars were sold over the two model years, mostly to electrical utility companies.
Only a few still exist.
The Henney Kilowatt was a project of National Union Electric Company, a conglomerate including Emerson Radio, and Henney Motor Company, which had purchased Eureka Williams in 1953.
The project was initiated by C. Russell Feldmann, president of National Union Electric Company and the Eureka Williams Company.
To build the electric cars, he employed the services of the Henney Motor Company coachwork division of Canastota, New York.
Henney had been building custom coaches since 1868 and was a well-recognized name in the automotive industry because of its affiliation with the Packard Automobile Company and the Ford Motor Company.
Henney produced thousands of custom built limousines, ambulances, and hearses (most of them built on Packard or Lincoln chassis), before being contracted to begin the Kilowatt project.
National Union Electric Company was also the producer of Exide Batteries—and naturally had a vested interest in shifting American automotive focus from fossil fuels to lead-cell batteries.
Morrison McMullan, Jr., controller of Exide Batteries, was also a participant in the development of the Kilowatt.
(In 1974, National Union Electric was purchased by AB Electrolux of Sweden .)
The propulsion system was developed in consultation with Victor Wouk, then an electrical engineer at Caltech.
Wouk is best known as one of the pioneers of hybrid electric cars.
Wouk recruited Lee DuBridge, then President of Caltech, and Linus Pauling to assist in the assessment and development of the electronics.
Although Pauling never did any active work on the project, DuBridge convened a group of Caltech experts to provide input.
Wouk designed the necessary speed controller for the Kilowatt, although the controller was manufactured for the Kilowatts by Curtis Instruments.
The electric propulsion system for the cars was designed and built by the Eureka Williams Company of Bloomington, Illinois, manufacturer of Eureka Vacuum Cleaners.
Henney Coachworks was contracted to build the chassis of the car from tooling and parts purchased from Renault.
Many body panels and interior components of the car are virtually identical to those of the Renault Dauphine.
The 1959 models all ran on a 36-volt system of 18 two-volt batteries in series.
The 36-volt cars had a top speed of and could run approximately on a full charge.
After the 36-volt system was realized to be impractical, the Kilowatt drivetrain was redesigned by Eureka Williams as a 72-volt system for the 1960 model year.
It employed 12 six-volt batteries in series.
The 72-volt models were much more practical than the 1959 36-volt models.
The 1960 Kilowatt boasted a top speed of nearly with a range of over on a single charge.
Although the Kilowatt is described by some sources as "the first transistor-based electric car", the speed controller uses a combination of relays and diodes to switch the batteries and motor windings in different configurations for different speeds, not transistors.
According to the official Eureka Company corporate history profile there were a total of 100 Henney Kilowatts manufactured during the entire two year production run, but of those 100 cars only 47 were ever sold.
A French Renault Dauphine enthusiast website also states that a total of 100 rolling chassis were prepared by Henney Coachworks for the project, but of those only 47 functional cars were completed.
A March 20, 1967, article in "U.S. News & World Report" states that 35 of the Henney Kilowatts were purchased by electric utilities in the United States.
Company records show that there were 24 cars sold to electric utilities as 36 volt 1959 models and eight Kilowatts sold to utility companies as 72 volt 1960 models.
From these and other sources, it is reasonable to conclude that fewer than 15 Henney electric cars were sold to the general public.
Some of these cars may have been sold as 1961 models.
The company continued promoting the Kilowatt in 1961 with hopes of securing enough prepaid orders to finish the remaining chassis components that had already been built.
Few, if any, were sold in this manner.
Although the 72 volt propulsion system introduced for the 1960 model year was substantially superior to the earlier 36 volt systems, Eureka Williams was unable to produce the 72-volt system cheaply enough or quickly enough to attain the targeted $3600 sales price.
Of the documented 32 Henney Kilowatts produced, it is estimated that there are between four and eight still in existence.
The very first two Henney Kilowatts – the serial number 0001 car and the original prototype (serial number "EXPERIMENTAL") were stored by company executives for decades until being sold to a private U.S. automobile collector in the early 2000s.
These two cars both have fewer than 500 miles (about 800 kilometres) and are impeccable examples of this historical vehicle.
Additionally, there are at least two other documented "survivors" that are still driven periodically.
The Kilowatt has been called the world's first mass production electric car, although early in the 20th century electric vehicles were produced in much larger numbers (thousands per year) by companies such as Detroit Electric and Milburn.
Although electric cars outsold gasoline cars in 1900, the introduction of the Kilowatt followed a very lengthy period in which they had been out of favor.
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The pairs trade or pair trading is a market neutral trading strategy enabling traders to profit from virtually any market conditions: uptrend, downtrend, or sideways movement.
This strategy is categorized as a statistical arbitrage and convergence trading strategy.
The pair trading was pioneered by Gerry Bamberger and later led by Nunzio Tartaglia’s quantitative group at Morgan Stanley in the 1980s.
The strategy monitors performance of two historically correlated securities.
When the correlation between the two securities temporarily weakens, i.e.
one stock moves up while the other moves down, the pairs trade would be to short the outperforming stock and to long the underperforming one, betting that the "spread" between the two would eventually converge.
The divergence within a pair can be caused by temporary supply/demand changes, large buy/sell orders for one security, reaction for important news about one of the companies, and so on.
Pairs trading strategy demands good position sizing, market timing, and decision making skill.
Although the strategy does not have much downside risk, there is a scarcity of opportunities, and, for profiting, the trader must be one of the first to capitalize on the opportunity.
A notable pairs trader was hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management.
Pepsi (PEP) and Coca Cola (KO) are different companies that create a similar product, soda pop.
Historically, the two companies have shared similar dips and highs, depending on the soda pop market.
If the price of Coca Cola were to go up a significant amount while Pepsi stayed the same, a pairs trader would buy Pepsi stock and sell Coca Cola stock, assuming that the two companies would later return to their historical balance point.
If the price of Pepsi rose to close that gap in price, the trader would make money on the Pepsi stock, while if the price of Coca Cola fell, he would make money on having shorted the Coca Cola stock.
The reason for the deviated stock to come back to original value is itself an assumption.
It is assumed that the pair will have similar business idea as in the past during the holding period of the stock.
While it is commonly agreed that "individual" stock prices are difficult to forecast, there is evidence suggesting that it may be possible to forecast the price—the spread series—of certain stock "portfolios".
A common way to attempt this is by constructing the portfolio such that the spread series is a stationary process.
To achieve spread stationarity in the context of pairs trading, where the portfolios only consist of two stocks, one can attempt to find a cointegration irregularities between the two stock price series who generally show stationary correlation.
This irregularity is assumed to be bridged soon and forecasts are made in the opposite nature of the irregularity.
This would then allow for combining them into a portfolio with a stationary spread series.
Regardless of how the portfolio is constructed, if the spread series is a stationary processes, then it can be modeled, and subsequently forecast, using techniques of time series analysis.
Among those suitable for pairs trading are Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models and (vector) error correction models.
Forecastability of the portfolio spread series is useful for traders because:
***LIST***.
The success of pairs trading depends heavily on the modeling and forecasting of the spread time series.
Comprehensive empirical studies on pairs trading have investigated its profitability over the long-term in the US market using the distance method, co-integration, and copulas.
They have found that the distance and co-integration methods result in significant alphas and similar performance, but their profits have decreased over time.
Copula pairs trading strategies result in more stable but smaller profits.
Today, pairs trading is often conducted using algorithmic trading strategies on an execution management system.
These strategies are typically built around models that define the spread based on historical data mining and analysis.
The algorithm monitors for deviations in price, automatically buying and selling to capitalize on market inefficiencies.
The advantage in terms of reaction time allows traders to take advantage of tighter spreads.
Trading pairs is not a risk-free strategy.
The difficulty comes when prices of the two securities begin to drift apart, i.e.
the spread begins to trend instead of reverting to the original mean.
Dealing with such adverse situations requires strict risk management rules, which have the trader exit an unprofitable trade as soon as the original setup—a bet for reversion to the mean—has been invalidated.
This can be achieved, for example, by forecasting the spread and exiting at forecast error bounds.
A common way to model, and forecast, the spread for risk management purposes is by using autoregressive moving average models.
Some other risks include:
***LIST***.
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I Men... ke I Den (Greek: Οι Μεν... και Οι Δεν, English: "Those and the others") is a comedy series which aired on ANT1 for three seasons from 1993 to 1996.
The scripts were written by Haris Romas and Anna Chatzissofia.
The series is considered one of the most successful on Greek television, achieving high ratings, and it was rerun multiple times for many years after the original run.
Dionyssis Dangas (Διονύσης Δάγκας, played by Haris Romas).
Dionyssis was born to a Rebetiko singer (played by Sperantza Vrana) and an unnamed father.
Later in the series his father was revealed to be a successful cross-dressing singer and committed homosexual who was seduced by a female colleague while drunk.
Dionyssis was raised in poverty and sought scholastic success in order to escape it.
His favorite pet as a child was a rabbit.
While unemployed and unable to get other supplies, his mother killed the rabbit and served it to Dionyssis as stew.
This left him with a psychological trauma.
Dionyssis grew to be a social climbing lawyer and married into an affluent and well-connected family.
By the start of the series Dionyssis was highly successful in his chosen profession, having secured a position in the Supreme Court of Greece and a luxurious residence in Kolonaki.
His marriage on the other hand had grown stale, largely because of his lack of interest in sexual intercourse.
Dionyssis was nouveau riche and sought to impress others by showing off his wealth and education.
He essentially became a snob and hated being reminded of his lowly origins.
He was also a miser and hated expenses that gained him no prestige.
One episode revealed his childhood idol to be Scrooge McDuck, to the point of Dionyssis having his own Number One Dime.
He earned his first dime by winning his first trial at the age of five: two kids were fighting over a loaf when he happened pass by.
He asked, "Well, who does it belong to?"
and one of the kids answered, "It belongs to the other kid.
But if you say that it belongs to me I'll give you this dime."
And so he earned his first dime by practising his future job.
During the series, Dionyssis grows used to financially supporting both his wife and his neighbours.
By the series finale he is a father of two but is much closer emotionally to the son of his neighbour.
The finale suggests Dionyssis attempting to raise four children instead of two and learning to co-habit with the Stamati family.
Vana Danga (Βάνα Δάγκα, played by Anna Kouri).
Wife of Dionyssis.
Born to socially prominent parents, she grew up in luxury and attended the finest schools.
However opportunities were only offered to her due to the financial support of her father.
She herself is naive, even childish, and not particularly intelligent.
Her studies had no practical use and left her with very little actual knowledge.
After finishing school, Vana was pursued by Dionyssis in his effort in social climbing.
Ironically, she was actually in love with him.
Her greatest disappointment during the series was being a warm and passionate woman in an essentially passionless marriage.
She constantly attempted to seduce her husband, with little success.
On the other hand, Vana sought to appease her vanity by buying increasingly expensive furs and other material possessions, thus infuriating her miserly husband.
During the series Vana becomes a strange friend to Nana, always ready to put her down because of her lowly origins and fashion choices, but also ready to follow her lead in various money-making schemes.
Several episodes have the women bonding.
By the end of the series Vana is a mother of two but finds herself much closer emotionally to the daughter of Nana than to her own.
Timotheos "Timos" Stamatis (Τιμόθεος "Τίμος" Σταμάτης, played by Stelios Mainas).
Son of a conservative school teacher, Timos rebelled against the values of his mother and led a Bohemian life.
Unemployed throughout the series, Timos supported himself by petty theft, the meager earnings of his wife and loans from his "buddy" Dionyssis.
He won a small apartment in Kolonaki in a game show.
He is an amateur clarinettist who plays his music at all hours.
He is still in love with his wife, and eager for any opportunity for sexual intercourse.
Though cunning enough to scam his way to money, Timos is rather naive and never understands that Dionyssis dislikes him.
His favorite victim is also his best friend, or so he thinks.
By the end of the series he is a father of two but busy teaching Dionyssis's son the art of theft.
Nana Stamati (portrayed by Joyce Evidi).
Daughter of two flower children and particularly close with her rock musician father.
To the point of jealous Timos suspecting Oedipus complex (actually Electra complex).
Equally as bohemian as her husband, Nana is the income provider in the family.
She is an "artist" and sells her jewellery, statues and other artifacts in Monastiraki.
She is a shrewdish con artist and typically leads either Timos or Vana in money-making schemes, some of which are successful while others backfire.
By the end of the series she is a mother of two, but is closer to Vana's daughter than to her own children.
The program was highly successful in its time, achieving high ratings throughout its run, and was one of the most popular shows in Greek and Greek-language television.
Even today, episodes are regularly rerun by ANT1 and continue to find an audience.
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Maison Brandt Frères, Charenton-le-Pont (House of Brandt Bros) (Beaulieu Cinema, Beaulieu - Images) is a French manufacturer of motion picture cameras especially well known for its Super 8 and 16mm hand-held cameras, founded by Marcel Beaulieu.
Marcel Beaulieu had earlier been associated with GIC cameras introduced in 1950.
The company's first cameras were introduced in the early 1950s.
Later they produced their first Super 8 model the 2008 S Beaulieu, introduced in 1965.
Though they no longer actively produce new cameras, the company still services and repairs existing Beaulieu cameras.
Beaulieu established a reputation for producing high quality movie cameras for the advanced amateur in 8mm, 9.5mm and 16mm.
Reflex viewfinders were introduced before these became common.
Models include the M8 of 1953, R16 of 1958 (spring motor version), MR8 and TR8 of 1959 and the MAR8 of 1962.
In 1965 the R16 Electric, an electric motor version of the R16 was introduced.
Beaulieu is most famous for its cameras made for the Super 8 film format.
Starting in 1965 with the introduction of the 2008 which progressed into the 4008ZM, 4008ZM2, 4008ZM3 then 4008 ZM4 in silent super 8 .
By looking a serial number on existing cameras I would estimate that over 200,000 of these cameras were produced.
In 1973 Beaulieu introduced a Super 8 Sound camera the 5008S then the 5008 MS ( Multi Speed) .
Both series cameras were mostly fabricated with metal parts which the factory made almost completely in house.
At one time over 300 people work at the Beaulieu factory.
In 1979 a new camera designed was introduced the 6008 series which added the ability to use the new 200' Super 8 sound cartridge.
The camera was available in both Pro and S version one having crystal sync option in both 24 & 25 FPS and the second have single system audio.
With the crash of the Super 8 industry in 1980 so crashed Beaulieu .
In 1985 Beaulieu re-emerged on the market under the direction of Jean Ferras with a new Super 8 camera the 7008 .
The 7008 series was a slight upgrades to the 6008 series .
It also had a new lens design the 6-90mm Angenieux lens.
Some time in the late 1980s the company shifted its focus a video camera .
In 1978 the name Beaulieu was used to market several low-cost cameras; the Beaulieu 1008XL/1028XL and 60/1068 XLS.
These cameras were in fact manufactured by Chinon Industries under the Beaulieu brand.
They are very rare, particularly the Beaulieu 1068 XLS.
During the 1980s Beaulieu also introduced a 2016 Quartz version of their R16 camera and a new Beaulieu 708 EL projector.
Among users, Beaulieu became known for its SLR-style motion picture cameras.
These cameras had removable C-mount lenses, and a reflex type viewfinder (both features uncommon in this smaller format).
In most Super 8 and some 16mm cameras of the 1960s (e.g.
the Bolex H 16), when the 2008 S was introduced, the image from the taking lens was split in two (in a prism): one beam was sent to the film and the other beam to the viewfinder.
On the Beaulieu cameras, however, no light was wasted (reflex system) -- either all of it was directed at the film, or while the shutter was closed and the film was advanced, the light hit the mirror on the shutter which directed it into the viewfinder.
This meant that the image in the viewfinder flickered while filming, as the mirror shutter (located at 45°) moved up and down.
Beaulieu cameras with this design allowed for shorter shutter speeds to be used (1/60 sec), thus providing sharper footage.
60 meter (200 ft) magazines were available, attached to the camera top.
60 meter (200 ft) magazine take-up motors powered by the camera battery through the contacts on the magazine and camera body top contrast with the Bolex wire connection.
As consumers moved from film to video, Beaulieu made some attempts to do the same, but none of these efforts were particularly successful.
The company manufactured its last camera in 2002.
Both spares and servicing are still available.
The Legacy of Beaulieu cameras still lives on in the hands of Super 8 filmmakers and at the hand of the once exclusive USA Distributor Super8 Sound ( Pro8mm ) .
When Beaulieu stop manufacturing Pro8mm introduced the 7008Pro2 a 7008 series camera with a 5 speed crystal control and a small on-booard computer that tracked footage shot and impact issues.
In 2005 Pro8mm introduced Max8 in the Beaulieu 4008 series a camera they had previously been modifying to crystal sync .
The new version named The Classic Pro included features like Max8 and Crystal sync in a variety of camera colors.
Pro8mm still maintains a complete repair facility for the 4008 and 6008/7008 camera.
In 2016 Pro8mm will introduce a new Lithium Power Hand grip for the 4008 series camera's.
Beaulieu continues its operations from its current facility at 20, Rue Émile Zola 41200 Romorantin-Lanthenay, France.
The 4008 and R16 models are the ones most likely to be found on eBay.
When the 6008 and 7008 models were introduced, the Super 8 format was already losing popularity, consequently, these cameras are quite rare.
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A multivector is the result of a product defined for elements in a vector space "V".
A vector space with a linear product operation between elements of the space is called an algebra; examples are matrix algebra and vector algebra.
The algebra of multivectors is constructed using the wedge product ∧ and is related to the exterior algebra of differential forms.
The set of multivectors on a vector space "V" is graded by the number of basis vectors that form a basis multivector.
A multivector that is the product of "p" basis vectors is called a grade "p" multivector, or a "p"-vector.
The linear combination of basis "p"-vectors forms a vector space denoted as Λ("V").
The maximum grade of a multivector is the dimension of the vector space "V".
The product of a "p"-vector and a "k"-vector is a -vector so the set of linear combinations of all multivectors on "V" is an associative algebra, which is closed with respect to the wedge product.
This algebra, denoted by Λ("V"), is called the exterior algebra of "V".
The wedge product operation used to construct multivectors is linear, associative and alternating, which reflect the properties of the determinant.
This means for vectors u, v and w in a vector space "V" and for scalars "α", "β", the wedge product has the properties,
***LIST***.
The product of "p" vectors is called a grade "p" multivector, or a "p"-vector.
The maximum grade of a multivector is the dimension of the vector space "V".
The linearity of the wedge product allows a multivector to be defined as the linear combination of basis multivectors.
There are () basis "p"-vectors in an "n"-dimensional vector space.
The "p"-vector obtained from the wedge product of "p" separate vectors in an "n"-dimensional space has components that define the projected -volumes of the "p"-parallelotope spanned by the vectors.
The square root of the sum of the squares of these components defines the volume of the "p"-parallelotope.
The following examples show that a bivector in two dimensions measures the area of a parallelogram, and the magnitude of a bivector in three dimensions also measures the area of a parallelogram.
Similarly, a three-vector in three dimensions measures the volume of a parallelepiped.
It is easy to check that the magnitude of a three-vector in four dimensions measures the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by these vectors.
Properties of multivectors can be seen by considering the two dimensional vector space .
Let the basis vectors be e and e, so u and v are given by
and the multivector , also called a bivector, is computed to be
The vertical bars denote the determinant of the matrix, which is the area of the parallelogram spanned by the vectors u and v. The magnitude of is the area of this parallelogram.
Notice that because "V" has dimension two the basis bivector is the only multivector in Λ"V".
The relationship between the magnitude of a multivector and the area or volume spanned by the vectors is an important feature in all dimensions.
Furthermore, the linear functional version of a multivector that computes this volume is known as a differential form.
More features of multivectors can be seen by considering the three dimensional vector space .
In this case, let the basis vectors be e, e, and e, so u, v and w are given by and the bivector is computed to be The components of this bivector are the same as the components of the cross product.
The magnitude of this bivector is the square root of the sum of the squares of its components.
This shows that the magnitude of the bivector is the area of the parallelogram spanned by the vectors u and v as it lies in the three-dimensional space "V".
The components of the bivector are the projected areas of the parallelogram on each of the three coordinate planes.
Notice that because "V" has dimension three, there is one basis three-vector in Λ"V".
Compute the three-vector
This shows that the magnitude of the three-vector is the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by the three vectors u, v and w.
In higher-dimensional spaces, the component three-vectors are projections of the volume of a parallelepiped onto the coordinate three-spaces, and the magnitude of the three-vector is the volume of the parallelepiped as it sits in the higher-dimensional space.
In this section, we consider multivectors on a projective space "P", which provide a convenient set of coordinates for lines, planes and hyperplanes that have properties similar to the homogeneous coordinates of points, called Grassmann coordinates.
Points in a real projective space "P" are defined to be lines through the origin of the vector space R. For example, the projective plane "P" is the set of lines through the origin of R. Thus, multivectors defined on R can be viewed as multivectors on "P".
A convenient way to view a multivector on "P" is to examine it in an affine component of "P", which is the intersection of the lines through the origin of R with a selected hyperplane, such as .
Lines through the origin of R intersect the plane to define an affine version of the projective plane that only lacks the points , called the points at infinity.
Points in the affine component of the projective plane have coordinates .
A linear combination of two points and defines a plane in R that intersects E in the line joining p and q.
The multivector defines a parallelogram in R given by Notice that substitution of for p multiplies this multivector by a constant.
Therefore, the components of are homogeneous coordinates for the plane through the origin of R. The set of points on the line through p and q is the intersection of the plane defined by with the plane .
These points satisfy , that is, which simplifies to the equation of a line This equation is satisfied by points for real values of α and β.
The three components of that define the line "λ" are called the Grassmann coordinates of the line.
Because three homogeneous coordinates define both a point and a line, the geometry of points is said to be dual to the geometry of lines in the projective plane.
This is called the principle of duality.
Three dimensional projective space, "P" consists of all lines through the origin of R. Let the three dimensional hyperplane, , be the affine component of projective space defined by the points .
The multivector defines a parallelepiped in R given by Notice that substitution of for p multiplies this multivector by a constant.
Therefore, the components of are homogeneous coordinates for the 3-space through the origin of R. A plane in the affine component is the set of points in the intersection of H with the 3-space defined by .
These points satisfy , that is, which simplifies to the equation of a plane This equation is satisfied by points for real values of "α", "β" and "γ".
The four components of that define the plane "λ" are called the Grassmann coordinates of the plane.
Because four homogeneous coordinates define both a point and a plane in projective space, the geometry of points is dual to the geometry of planes.
A line as the join of two points: In projective space the line "λ" through two points p and q can be viewed as the intersection of the affine space with the plane in R. The multivector provides homogeneous coordinates for the line
These are known as the Plücker coordinates of the line, though they are also an example of Grassmann coordinates.
A line as the intersection of two planes: A line "μ" in projective space can also be defined as the set of points x that form the intersection of two planes "π" and "ρ" defined by grade three multivectors, so the points x are the solutions to the linear equations
In order to obtain the Plucker coordinates of the line "μ", map the multivectors "π" and "ρ" to their dual point coordinates using the Hodge star operator,
So, the Plücker coordinates of the line "μ" are given by
Because the six homogeneous coordinates of a line can be obtained from the join of two points or the intersection of two planes, the line is said to be self dual in projective space.
W. K. Clifford combined multivectors with the inner product defined on the vector space, in order to obtain a general construction for hypercomplex numbers that includes the usual complex numbers and Hamilton's quaternions.
The Clifford product between two vectors u and v is linear and associative like the wedge product, and has the additional property that the multivector uv is coupled to the inner product by Clifford's relation,
Clifford's relation preserves the alternating property for the product of vectors that are perpendicular.
This can be seen for the orthogonal unit vectors in R. Clifford's relation yields therefore the basis vectors are alternating, In contrast to the wedge product, the Clifford product of a vector with itself is no longer zero.
To see this compute the product, which yields The set of multivectors constructed using Clifford's product yields an associative algebra known as a Clifford algebra.
Inner products with different properties can be used to construct different Clifford algebras.
Multivectors play a central role in the mathematical formulation of physics known as geometric algebra.
The term "geometric algebra" was used by E. Artin for matrix methods in projective geometry.
It was D. Hestenes who used "geometric algebra" to describe the application of Clifford algebras to classical mechanics, This formulation was expanded to "geometric calculus" by D. Hestenes and G. Sobczyk, who provided new terminology for a variety of features in this application of Clifford algebra to physics.
C. Doran and A. Lasenby show that Hestene's geometric algebra provides a convenient formulation for modern physics.
In geometric algebra, a multivector is defined to be the sum of different-grade "k"-blades, such as the summation of a scalar, a vector, and a "2"-vector.
A sum of only "k"-grade components is called a "k"-vector, or a "homogeneous" multivector.
The highest grade element in a space is called a "pseudoscalar".
If a given element is homogeneous of a grade "k", then it is a "k"-vector, but not necessarily a "k"-blade.
Such an element is a "k"-blade when it can be expressed as the wedge product of "k" vectors.
A geometric algebra generated by a 4-dimensional Euclidean vector space illustrates the point with an example: The sum of any two blades with one taken from the XY-plane and the other taken from the ZW-plane will form a 2-vector that is not a 2-blade.
In a geometric algebra generated by a Euclidean vector space of dimension 2 or 3, all sums of 2-blades may be written as a single 2-blade.
A bivector is therefore an element of the antisymmetric tensor product of a tangent space with itself.
In geometric algebra, also, a bivector is a grade 2 element (a 2-vector) resulting from the wedge product of two vectors, and so it is geometrically an "oriented area", in the same way a "vector" is an oriented line segment.
If a and b are two vectors, the bivector has
***LIST***.
Bivectors are connected to pseudovectors, and are used to represent rotations in geometric algebra.
As bivectors are elements of a vector space Λ"V" (where "V" is a finite-dimensional vector space with ), it makes sense to define an inner product on this vector space as follows.
First, write any element in terms of a basis as where the Einstein summation convention is being used.
Now define a map by insisting that where ***formula*** are a set of numbers.
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Enda Colleran (May 1942 – 8 April 2004) was an Irish Gaelic football manager and player.
He played football with his local club Mountbellew-Moylough and was a member of the Galway senior inter-county team from 1961 until 1971.
Colleran captained Galway to back-to-back All-Ireland titles in 1965 and 1966 and later served as manager of the team.
Enda Colleran was born in Moylough, County Galway in 1942.
He was educated at his local national school before later attending the famous St. Jarlath's College in Tuam.
It was here that Colleran first displayed his great football talents and quickly became a key member of the college’s senior team.
In 1960 St. Jarlath’s captured the Connacht colleges’ title, with Colleran playing a key role in the last line of defence.
The Tuam college side subsequently faced St. Finian’s of Mullingar in the All-Ireland final.
An exciting and high-scoring game developed over the course of the sixty minutes.
At the final whistle St. Jarlath’s were the Hogan Cup champions by 3–10 to 3–7, and Colleran picked up his first winners’ medal in an All-Ireland competition.
Colleran later attended University College Galway (UCG) where his academic life was augmented by further success on the football field.
In 1962 UCG reached the final of the Sigerson Cup, an All-Ireland inter-varsities competition for third level institutions.
University College Dublin (UDC) provided the opposition on that occasion as Colleran made one of his first appearances at Croke Park.
The game was not a happy one for the Galwegians, as UCD narrowly won by 3–7 to 2–7.
UCG contested a second consecutive Sigerson Cup final in 1963, this time with University College Cork (UCC) providing the opposition.
On this occasion Colleran ended up on the winning side by 1–9 to 1–3 and collected an inter-varsities winners’ medal for his effort.
A third successive Sigerson Cup final appearance beckoned for Colleran and UCG in 1964.
UCC provided the opposition once again; however, they failed to match their Galway-based counterparts for the second year in-a-row.
A 2–10 to 0–5 trouncing gave UCG the title and gave Colleran a second Sigerson Cup winners’ medal.
After graduating from university Colleran worked as a teacher at St. Éinde’s College in Salthill.
He also served as a pundit on RTÉ’s Gaelic games programme, The Sunday Game.
Enda Colleran died on 8 April 2004 aged 63.
Colleran joined the senior team in the mid 1960s and was a key player on the teams three-in-a-row in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
Colleran was part of an elite group of seven players to captain his county to double All-Ireland successes and, in 1967, became only the fourth Galway player to captain a Railway Cup winning side with Connacht.
Following the end of his playing career Colleran worked as a selector and later a manager of Galway.
He managed the side to victory in the Connacht Championship in 1976.
He also had a career as an analyst on RTÉs "The Sunday Game" and as a teacher in Colaiste Einde in Salthill, Galway.
He was honoured by the GAA by being named on the Football Team of the Century and the "Team of the Millennium".
He was also given the same honour on the Galway Team Of The Millennium as well.
Enda Colleran died suddenly at his home in Barna on April 8, 2004 aged 61.
GAA President Sean Kelly led the tributes, saying that "All in the GAA are saddened at the untimely and early death of a great GAA man and the massive grievous loss to a great sporting family" He expressed his condolences on behalf of everybody in the GAA to the family, friends and team-mates of the Galway footballing legend.
The Taoiseach at the time, Bertie Ahern said he was "deeply saddened and shocked on learning of the sudden death of such an outstanding player."
Hundreds of mourners gathered in Barna on Sunday 11 April to pay their respects to Colleran who was buried in Rahoon cemetery.
In April 2006, Former team-mates, opponents and friends of Colleran celebrated his life with a special tribute weekend in his native Moylough.
The highpoint of the Enda Colleran Weekend, which took place on the weekend April 28–30, was the unveiling by current GAA president Nickey Brennan of a life-size bronze statue of Mr Colleran in Moylough.
The statue was sculpted by Mr Colleran’s former pupil John Coll.
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The original dataset repo url : https://github.com/koomri/text-segmentation
for every wiki article text we use the following code to produce label and input text.
label = []
text = ""
for line in data:
if line.startswith("========"):
if len(label) == 0:
continue
else:
label[-1] = 1
else:
text += line + "\n"
label.append(0)
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