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35423 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berea%2C%20South%20Carolina | Berea, South Carolina | Berea wuri ne da aka keɓe (CDP) a cikin gundumar Greenville, South Carolina, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 14,295 a ƙidayar 2010. Yana daga cikin Greenville – Mauldin – Easley Metropolitan Area Statistical Area .
Geography
Berea yana nan a (34.878845, -82.460751).
A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, CDP tana da yawan yanki na , wanda daga ciki (96.25%) ƙasa ce kuma (3.75%) ruwa ne.
Alƙaluma
ƙidayar 2020
Ya zuwa ƙidayar Amurka ta 2020, akwai mutane 15,578, gidaje 5,624, da iyalai 3,543 da ke zaune a cikin CDP.
ƙidayar 2010
A ƙidayar 2010 akwai mutane 14,295, gidaje 5,441, da iyalai 3,728 da ke zaune a cikin CDP. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 1,855.5 a kowace murabba'in mil (716.4/km ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 6,093 a matsakaicin yawa na 761.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (290.1/km ). Tsarin launin fata na CDP ya kasance 60.6% Fari, 18.1% Ba'amurke, 0.51% Ba'amurke, 1.2% Asiya, 0.007% Pacific Islander, 16.9% daga sauran jinsi, da 2.7% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 25.4%. Mutanen zuriyar Mexico sun sami kaso mafi girma na jama'ar Hispanic ko Latino na CDP, a kashi 14.1%.
Daga cikin gidaje 5,441 kashi 29.4% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 43.9% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 17.8% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 31.5% kuma ba iyali ba ne. 25.5% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 10.4% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.58 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.05.
Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 24.1% a ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, 9.4% daga 18 zuwa 24, 27.3% daga 25 zuwa 44, 22.6% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 15.9% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 36.2. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 94.9. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 92.0.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gidan shine $29,964 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $37,955. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $32,387 sabanin $30,692 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na CDP shine $17,257. Kusan 25.1% na iyalai da 31.7% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 49.8% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 13.6% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Ilimi
Berea yana da ɗakin karatu na jama'a, reshe na Tsarin Laburare na gundumar Greenville.
Nassoshi |
59275 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajendra%20K.%20Pachauri | Rajendra K. Pachauri | Rajendra Kumar Pachauri (20 ga watan Agustan 1940-13 ga watan Fabrairun 2020)ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) daga 2002 zuwa 2015,a lokacin zagaye na huɗu da na biyar. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa,an ba IPCC kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya a 2007,kuma ta gabatar da Rahoton bincike na Biyar,akan tushen kimiyya na Yarjejeniyar Paris.ya riƙe muƙamin daga 2002 har zuwa murabus ɗin sa a watan Fabrairun 2015,bayan ya fuskanci zarge-zarge da yawa nacin zarafin jima'i.A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022,an wanke shi daga zargin cin zarafin jima'i (Alƙalin na Kotun Saket).Hoesung Lee ne ya gajeshi. Pachauri ya ɗauki nauyin sa a matsayin Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Makamashi da albarkatu a 1981,kuma ya jagoranci cibiyar sama da shekaru talatin kuma ya sauka a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban TERI a 2016. Pachauri,wanda aka fi sani da Patchy, ya kasance sanannen murya a duniya game da batutuwan muhalli da manufofi, kuma jagorancinsa na IPCC ya ba da gudummawa ga batun canjin yanayi da ya haifar da mutum ya zama sananne a matsayin muhimmin damuwa na duniya.
Tushe
An haifi Pachauri a NainitalIndiya.Yayi karatu a Kwalejin La Martiniere da ke Lucknow da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Injiniya da Lantarki ta Indiya a Jamalpur, Bihar. Ya kasance daga cikin Aji na musamman na masu koyo a Railway a 1958, yayi wani shiri mai kyau wanda ya sanar da farkon ilimin injiniya, a Indiya. Ya fara aikin sa tare da Indian Railways a Diesel Locomotive Works a Varanasi. An shigar dashi a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina da ke Raleigh, Amurka, in da ya sami Digiri na biyu a Injiniyan Masana'antu a 1972,da kuma PhD tare da manyan jami'ai a Injiniya da Tattalin Arziki a 1974. Rubutun digirin sa ya kasance mai taken, A dynamic model for forecasting of electrical energy demand in a wani takamaiman yankin da ke Arewa da Kudancin Carolina. Ya kasance mai cin ganyayyaki mai tsauri, galibi saboda "mahimmancin muhalli da canjin yanayi".
Ayyuka
Yayi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa (Agusta 1974-Mayu 1975) da kuma ɓangaren Ma'aikata (Summer 1976 da 1977) a Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci a Jihar NC.Ya kasance Farfesa mai ziyara na Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin Ma'adanai da Makamashi,Jami'ar West Virginia.A lokacin da ya dawo Indiya,ya shiga Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Gudanarwa ta Indiya,Hyderabad,a matsayin shugaban Ma'aikatar, a (Yuni 1975 - Yuni 1979) kuma ya ci gaba da zama Darakta,a Sashen Bincike da Bincike (Yuli 1979 - Maris 1981).Ya shiga Cibiyar Makamashi da albarkatu (TERI) a matsayin Darakta a shekarar 1982.Ya kuma kasance Babban Mai Ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci (1982),da kuma Mai Ziyarar Bincike a Bankin Duniya,Washington DC (1990).A ranar 20 ga Afrilun shekarar 2002, an zabi Pachauri a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi,kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) da Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkinobho (UNEP) suka kafa don tantance bayanan da suka dace don fahimtar canjin yanayi.
Pachauri ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Gwamnoni,da Gidauniyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Shriram a (Satumba 1987);Kwamitin Zartar wa na Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Indiya,New Delhi (1985 zuwa gaba);da kuma Kotun Gwamnoni (Oktoba 1987 zuwa gaba); kuma yana ba da shawara ga kamfanoni kamar Pegasus Capital Advisors,Chicago Climate Exchange,Toyota,Deutsche Bank da NTPC.Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na al'ummomi da kwamitoci da yawa.Ya kasance memba na kwamitin kungiyar International Solar Energy Society(1991-1997), Majalisar Cibiyar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (1992),yayin da yake Shugaban Majalisar Makamashi a Duniya (1993-1995),Shugaban ƙasa, sannan Shugaban Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya (1988-1990),da Shugaban Cibiyar Makamashi na Asiya (Tun daga 1992). Ya kasance mai ba da shawara naɗan lokaci ga Shirin Cigaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (1994 - 1999) a fannonin Makamashi da Gudanar da Harkokin Al'adu.A watan Yulin shekara ta 2001, an nada R K Pachauri a matsayin memba, Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Tattalin Arziki ga Firayim Minista na Indiya.
Aiki tare da IPCC
A ranar 20 ga Afrilun shekarar 2002,an zabi Pachauri a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka kafa Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi.
Pachauri yayi magana game da batun canjin yanayi kuma ya ce,"Abin dake faruwa, kuma abinda zai iya faruwa, ya shawo kaina cewa duniya dolene ta kasance mai matuƙar buri kuma ta ƙuduri aniyar matsa wa zuwaga manufa 350."350 yana nufin mataki a cikin sassa na carbon dioxide miliyan a cikin yanayi cewa wasu masana kimiyya na yanayi kamar NASA's James Hansen sun yarda su zama iyaka mafi aminci don kauce wa yanayin yanayi. Ayyukansa tare da IPCC sun ƙare ba zato ba tsammani bayan zargin cin zarafin jima'i a kansa ya bayyana a kotunan Indiya.
Kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya ta 2007 don IPCC
IPCC ta raba kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya a 2007,tare da tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka Al Gore, wanda a baya ya soki Pachauri lokacin da aka fara zaɓen shi a 2002.
A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, Pachauri (mai wakiltar mai karɓar IPCC) da mai karɓar Al Gore sun gabatar da jawabin karɓar su a wani bikin bayar da kyaututtuka a Oslo, Norway, a ranar da wakilai zuwa taron yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka hadu a Bali, Indonesia. Pachauri ya yi nuni da imaninsa cewa falsafar Hindu ta "'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam', wanda ke nufin 'dukan sararin samaniya iyali ne,'" dole ne ya mamaye kokarin duniya don kare duniya. Komawa ga wannan taken a duk jawabinsa, ya nakalto shugaban Maldives a 1987 (Maumoon Abdul Gayoom):
"...ma'aunin hauhawar matakin teku na mita biyu zai isa kusan nutse duk ƙasar na ƙananan tsibirai 1,190, mafi yawansu kusan sun tashi mita biyu sama da matakin teku. Wannan zai zama mutuwar wata al'umma. "
Pachauri ya jaddada damuwarsa akai-akai game da tasirin canjin yanayi ga kasashe mafi talauci a duniya, yana mai da hankali ga binciken da:
"...sun tayar da barazanar ƙaurawar yawan jama'a, rikici, da yaƙi kan ruwa da sauran albarkatun, da kuma sake daidaita iko tsakanin al'ummomi. Wasu kuma suna nuna yiwuwar tashin hankali tsakanin kasashe masu arziki da matalauta, matsalolin kiwon lafiya da suka haifar musamman ta hanyar karancin ruwa da gazawar amfanin gona.
Alkawari ga wasu kungiyoyi
Rajendra K. Pachauri ya kasance memba na kwamitin girmamawa na Fondation Chirac, tun lokacin da tsohon shugaban Faransa Jacques Chirac ya ƙaddamar da shi a 2008 don inganta zaman lafiya a duniya.
Haskaka Biliyoyin Rayuwa
Pachauri ya tsara kuma ya ƙaddamar da shirin 'Lighting a Billion Live's (LaBL) na duniya a cikin 2008, don sauƙaƙe samun damar samun makamashi mai tsabta ga matalautan makamashi. Shirin ya dauki hasken rana zuwa wurare masu nisa kamar Sundarbans, West Bengal, Thar Desert, Rajasthan, da kuma jihar Bihar. Kasancewa mai ba da shawara na farko don haɗuwa da samun damar dafa abinci mai tsabta da kuma hasken wuta, shirin ya sami nasarar tura dubban Integrated Domestic Energy Systems (IDES) a yankunan karkara da yankunan da ke nesa. Ya saita ma'auni da yawa kuma ya jaddada samun dama ga menu na zaɓuɓɓukan makamashi mai tsabta ga matalauta a wuraren mil na ƙarshe. LaBL kuma ya kasance dandamali ga masana'antun fasaha da yawa don farawa tare da kasuwanci a cikin sararin makamashi mai tsabta. Shirin yana da sawunsa a cikin kasashe 13 da jihohi 23 na Indiya.
Rashin jituwa
Zarge-zargen rikice-rikice na sha'awa da rashin daidaituwa na kuɗi
Christopher Booker da Richard North sun rubuta wata kasida ga Daily Telegraph a watan Janairun 2010 suna zargin yiwuwar rikice-rikice na sha'awa da suka shafi membobin Pachauri na kwamitin ONGC da kuma tallafin bincike ga TERI, wata cibiyar da ba ta da riba wacce Pachauri shine darakta janar. Sun ci gaba da zargin cewa akwai rashin daidaito na kudi a TERI Turai. Pachauri ya musanta duk zarge-zargen.
Dangane da zarge-zargen, kamfanin binciken KPMG ya gudanar da bita a buƙatar TERI. Binciken ya ce: "Ba a sami wata hujja da ta nuna fa'idodin kuɗi na sirri da aka samu ga Dokta Pachauri daga matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara daban-daban wanda zai haifar da rikici na sha'awa". Rahoton ya bayyana manufofinsa da hanyoyinsa kuma ya bayyana cewa "Aikin da muka yi ya zama dole a wannan lokacin" kuma ya dogara ne akan bayanan da TERI, Pachauri da mai ba da shawara kan haraji suka bayar. A cikin wani gargadi bita ya bayyana cewa iyakarsa ta kasance "ya bambanta sosai da binciken kuma ba za a iya dogaro da shi ba don samar da irin wannan matakin tabbaci kamar binciken". KPMG ta bincika biyan kuɗi da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suka yi kuma ta gano cewa an biya kuɗin da ya kai $ 326,399 ga TERI kanta, ba ga Pachauri ba. Ya sami albashi na shekara-shekara kawai daga TERI, wanda ya kai £ 45,000 a shekara, tare da matsakaicin kusan £ 2,174 daga kudaden shiga na waje. Bai sami biyan kuɗi don shugabancin IPCC ba.
A ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2010, jaridar Daily Telegraph ta nemi gafara, tana mai cewa "ba ta da niyyar bayar da shawarar cewa Dr Pachauri ya cin hanci da rashawa ko kuma ya yi amfani da matsayinsa na shugaban IPCC kuma mun yarda da KPMG mun gano Dr Pachaori bai yi "miliyoyin daloli" a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ba". Ya ce: "Mun nemi gafara ga Dokta Pachauri saboda duk wani kunya da ya haifar". The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Telegraph ta biya kudin shari'a sama da £ 100,000. Pachauri ya yi maraba da neman gafara na Telegraph, yana mai cewa ya "yi farin ciki da cewa a ƙarshe sun amince da gaskiya", kuma ya danganta zarge-zargen ƙarya ga "wani yunkuri na masu shakka game da yanayi don lalata IPCC. Yanzu suna so su bi ni kuma suna fatan hakan zai cika manufarsu. "
George Monbiot na The Guardian ya bayyana ra'ayinsa cewa duk da cewa KPMG ta wanke Pachauri daga rikice-rikicen sha'awa da cin zarafin kudi, Richard North, Daily Mail da The Australian sun sake maimaita ikirarin karya game da shi.
Shari'ar cin zarafin jima'i
A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2015, 'yan sanda na Delhi sun gabatar da rahoton bayanai na farko (FIR) a kan Pachauri kan zargin cin zarafin jima'i, tsoratarwa da tsoratar da aikata laifuka. A ranar 21 ga watan Maris, Babban Kotun Delhi ta ba shi belin jira. Duk da yake a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015, kwamitin korafe-korafe na ciki (ICC) na TERI ya same Pachauri da laifin cin zarafin jima'i, an kalubalanci binciken ICC a gaban Kotun Masana'antu bisa la'akari da keta ka'idodin adalci na halitta. Wani labarin a cikin mujallar Indiya The Caravan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ayyukan RK Pachauri a lokacin da yake aiki a TERI.
A cikin wata sanarwa, Pachauri ya ce abinda ke cikin takardar tuhumar " zargi" ne da mai shigar da kara ya gabatar kuma babu wani abu da aka "bayyana" bayan bincike na shekara guda. Pachauri ya ci gaba da cewa: "Daga ra'ayina wannan ba komai ba ne face kyakkyawar dangantaka da juna. Akwai sautin haske da abokantaka ga wasikarmu, amma a kowane mataki na taɓa nuna cewa ina da dangantaka ta jiki kuma ban shiga cikin cin zarafin jima'i ba. " An ba Pachauri beli na yau da kullun daga kotun shari'a a watan Yulin 2016. Kotun ta lura cewa "Binciken shari'ar ya cika. An riga an shigar da takardar caji. Ba a taɓa kama shi ba yayin binciken a cikin shari'ar nan take wanda ke ci gaba da nuna cewa ba a buƙatar kula da shi don manufar bincike. "
Kyaututtuka da karbuwa
A watan Janairun shekara ta 2001, Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Padma Bhushan .
NDTV Global Indian of the Year na shekara ta 2007.
Mai samar da Labaran Yanayi na Shekara 2007. Mujallar ta yaba da Pachauri a cikin wata kasida a matsayin mai gina kungiya "Babban ƙarfin Rajendra Pachauri shine a gina da shirya cibiyoyi a fannonin da ya fahimta mafi kyau - injiniya da tattalin arziki yayin da suke amfani da batutuwan ci gaba".
A ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2008, Pachauri ya karbi taken UNIDO Goodwill Ambassador .
A watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, an ba shi lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma a Indiya, Padma Vibhushan .
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009, Pachauri ya karbi 'Order of the Rising Sun - Gold and Silver Star' don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ya bayar ga inganta manufofin Japan game da canjin yanayi. Sarkin sarakuna Akihito ne ya ba shi kayan ado.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009, an sanya Pachauri a matsayi na biyar a cikin jerin "Top 100 Global thinkers" ta mujallar Foreign Policy, don "ƙaddamar da muhawara kan ko canjin yanayi yana da mahimmanci".
A watan Fabrairun 2010, Shugaban Finland ya ba da Order of the White Rose of Finland ga Pachauri don nuna godiya ga aikinsa na inganta hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa kan canjin yanayi da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.
Gwamnatin Faransa ta ba shi lambar yabo ta 'Officer of the Legion of Honour'.
HEC Paris ta nada Pachauri Farfesa Honoris Causa a watan Oktoba 2009.
Jami'ar Reims Champagne-Ardenne ta nada Pachauri Farfesa Honoris Causa a watan Satumbar 2012.
Sauran abubuwan da suke so
Baya ga wallafe-wallafen ilimi, Pachauri ya kuma rubuta waka da fiction. Shi ne marubucin Return to Almora, wani labari na soyayya da aka buga a shekara ta 2010. Littafin yana cikin nau'in tunatarwa na wani jami'in gwamnati mai ritaya, wanda ya kasance dalibi ne na injiniya, game da rayuwarsa ta ruhaniya da jima'i. Ya rubuta Moods and Musings, tarin waƙoƙi, tare da 'yarsa Rashmi Pachauri-Rajan .
Duba kuma
Jami'ar TERI
Cibiyar Makamashi da albarkatu
Manazarta
Hanyoyin Haɗin waje
Dokta R.K. Pachauri tarihin rayuwa da jadawalin lokaci, iloveindia.com
Bayyanawa a kan C-SPAN
Mutattun 2020
Haihuwan 1940
Mutuwa 2020
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
37886 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamu%20Atta | Adamu Atta | Alhaji Adamu Atta (Oktoba 18, 1927 - Mayu 1, 2014) shi ne gwamnan farar hula na farko a jihar Kwara ta Najeriya a jamhuriya ta biyu, mai wakiltar jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria (NPN).
Farkon rayuwa
Adamu Atta dan asalin ƙasar Ebira ne a jihar Kogi ta yanzu. An haife shi a Okene a cikin 1927, shi ne ɗan babban hafsan garanti Ibrahima Atta, wanda Biritaniya tabawa iko mai yawa a ƙarƙashin tsarin Hukumar Mulki, wanda ya lalata tsarin gargajiya na zaɓin shugaba a cikin al'umma.
Ya zama gwamnan farar hula na farko a jihar, wanda ke wakiltar jam’iyyar NPN ta kasa, duk da cewa ya fito daga kananan kabilu. A cikin Janairu 1967, ya kasance babban sakatare na ma'aikatar kudi ta tarayya, kuma yana tattaunawa da Tarayyar Soviet kan yuwuwar bada rancen ci gaba.
Gwamnan jihar Kwara
Atta ya doke Obatemi Usman a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai a shekarar 1977. Usman ya roki kuri’ar ga danginsa na Oziogu, inda ya zargi kabilar Aniku ta Adavi, wanda Atta ya fito, da mamaye mafi yawan ofisoshin gwamnati a kasar Ebira.
Atta ne ya dauki nauyin kafa asibitin kwararru na Obangede.
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1927
Gwamnan jihar kwara
Mutuwa 2014 |
14120 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluran%20rigakafi | Alluran rigakafi | Allurar rigakafi shiri ne na ƙirar halitta wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar damar samun rigakafi ga wani kamuwa da cuta. Allurar rigakafi yawanci tana dauke da wakili wanda yayi kama da cutar microorganism. Ana yinsa sau da yawa daga nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da gubobi, ko ɗayan na sunadarai na Wakilin yana karfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki don sanin wakili a matsayin barazana, rusa shi, kuma don kara ganewa da kuma lalata duk wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke hade tare da shi a nan gaba. Ba da wani magani ana kiranta alurar riga kafi. Allurar riga kafi ita ce hanya mafi inganci ta hana kamuwa da cuta; Allurar riga kafi galibi alhakin kawar da kịtịfe da kuma raguwar cututtuka kamar su, Polio, da tetanus. Allurar riga kafi wanda ke da ingantaccen tasiri ya hada da allurar rigakafin, maganin HPV, da kaji, maganin allurar riga kafi. Sharuɗɗan rigakafin da allurar rigakafi an samo su ne daga kungiyoyin jeji na Variolae (furucin saniya), ajalin da Edward Jenner ya kirkiro..
Tasiri
Allurar rigakafi wata hanya ce mai aminci da ingantacciyar hanyar yaƙi da kawar da cututtuka. Koyaya, iyakancewar tasirin su yana wanzuwa. Ingancin tasiri ko aikin maganin ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:
Cutar kanta (ga wasu cututtuka allurar riga kafi fiye da sauran)
The irin allurar rigakafi (wasu allurar riga kafi takamaiman ne ko ingantacce a kan musamman nau'in cutar).
Whether ko an kiyaye jadawalin rigakafin yadda yakamata.
Ba da amsa ga maganin rigakafi; wasu mutane ba su amsa da kyau ga waɗansu magungunan rigakafi.
Abubuwa masu rarrabuwa kamar ƙabila, shekara, ko kuma abubuwan gado.
Idan mutum da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi ya ci gaba da cutar da ke rigakafin cutar kansa watakila cutar ba ta da kazanta sosai fiye da mutanen da ba a yi wa rigakafin ba. Abubuwan da suke da kyau suna la'akari da tasiri a cikin shirin tsarin rigakafi:
Yin hankali da hankali don hango tasirin da kamfen ɗin rigakafi zai yi matsakaici zuwa lokaci mai tsawo.
ci gaba da sa ido kan cutar da ta dace.
tsadar matakan rigakafi, koda kuwa wata cuta ta zama da wuya.
Allurar rigakafi ta haifar da kawar da kịtịfe, ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da ke yaduwa da cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin mutane. Sauran cututtukan kamar su rubella, polio, kyanda, kumburi, da kuma cutar sanƙarau ce ba kamar yadda aka saba ba kamar shekara ɗari da suka gabata saboda allurar rigakafi. Idan mafi yawan mutane suna allurar riga kafi, yana da matukar wahala ga barkewar cutar zuwa faruwa ko yaduwa. Wannan shi ake kira rigakafin garken. Magungunan rigakafin kuma suna taimakawa hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Misali, ta hanyar ragewa
abin da ya faru da ciwon huhu wanda ya haifar da ƙwayar huhun ciki, shirye-shiryen allurar rigakafi sunada rage yawan kamuwa da cuta wadanda ke tsayayya da maganin penicillin ko wasu maganin rigakafi. An kiyasta allurar rigakafin cutar kyanda ta hana mutum mutuwa miliyan 1 a duk shekara..
Tasirin sakamako
Alurar riga kafi wanda aka bayar yayin ƙuruciya bashi da wata matsala. Sakamakon illa, idan akwai, gabaɗaya m. Sakamakon sakamako na yau da kullun sun haɗa da zazzabi, jin zafi a kusa da wurin allura, da ciwon gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, wasu mutane na iya zama rashin lafiyan kayan abinci a cikin allurar. Cututtukan da ke tattare da mummunan sakamako suna da mutuƙar wahala.
Nau'in
Alurar rigakafi sun ƙunshi matattun abubuwa ko ƙwayoyin rai ko kayan tsarkakakke waɗanda aka samo daga gare su. Akwai nau'ikan alluran rigakafin da ake amfani da su..
Ba a kunnawa
Wasu alluran rigakafin suna dauke da kwayoyin halittar da aka lalata tare da sunadarai, zafi, ko radadi. Misalai sun hada da rigakafin cutar shan inna, rigakafin cutar hepatitis A, alurar rigakafi da wasu alurar rigakafi..
Attenuated
Wasu magungunan rigakafi suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rai, waɗanda aka rage ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan yawanci suna tsoratar da mafi dorewa immunological immage, amma maiyuwa ba amintaccen amfani a cikin immunocompromised mutane.
Toxoid
Magungunan Toxoid ana yin su ne daga ƙwayoyin guba masu guba waɗanda ke haifar da rashin lafiya maimakon hakan kwayoyin.
Subinit
Magungunan ƙananan kwayoyi suna amfani da guntu na ƙwayoyin cuta don ƙirƙirar amsawar rigakafi.
Sanda
Wasu kwayoyin cuta suna da polysaccharide suttura na waje wadanda ke da rauni immunogenic. Ta hanyar cudanya Wadannan riguna na waje don sunadarai, tsarin na rigakafi na iya gane polysaccharide kamar maganin sunadarai ne na jiki.
Gwaji
Yawancin sababbin rigakafin rigakafin suma a yanzu haka suna cikin ci gaba kuma ana amfani da su. Yawancin allurar rigakafin ana ƙirƙirar su ta amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙarfi ko abubuwan ɓoyewa daga kwayoyin. Magungunan roba na rigakafi an haɗa su ne ko gaba ɗaya na abubuwan roba.
Rikici
Alurar rigakafi na iya zama abu mai ma'ana ko taɓarɓarewa. An tsara allurar rigakafin rigakafi a kan kwayoyi ko ƙwayoyin cuta ɗaya. An tsara allurar rigakafi don yi rigakafin cutar iri biyu ko sama da wannan ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya, ko akasin biyu ko fiye microorganisms..
Heterotypic
Waɗannan rigakafin ne da ke amfani da cuta na wasu dabbobi waɗanda ko dai ba sa haifar da cuta ko haifar da cuta mai laushi cikin kwayoyin da ake bi.
Inganta rigakafi
Tsarin rigakafi yana ɗaukar masu ba da maganin alurar rigakafi azaman ƙasashen waje, yana lalata su, kuma "ya tuna"su. Lokacin da aka sami nau'in virulent na wakili, jiki yana gane kwayar cutar kuma an shirya ya amsa:
ta hanyar cire wakilin da aka yi niyya kafin ya shiga sel;
ta hanyar ganewa da kuma lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kafin waccan wakilin ta iya ƙaruwa.
Adjuvants da abubuwan kiyayewa
Alurar riga kafi yawanci suna ɗauke da adjuvants ɗaya ko fiye, waɗanda ke haɓakawa da hanzarta mayar da martani na rigakafi. Kuma alurar riga kafi na iya samun abubuwan kiyayewa don hana cuta tare da kwayoyin cuta ko fungi.
Jadawalin
Don samar da kariya mafi kyau, an bada shawarar yara don karɓar rigakafin kamar
da zaran an inganta tsarin rigakafinsu ta yadda ya dace da takamaiman maganin.Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin "booster" Shots don cimma "cikakkiyar rigakafi". Wannan ya haifar da da ci gaba na hadaddun alurar jadawalin.Yawancin allurar rigakafin ana bada shawarar don wasu tsararraki ko don maimaita allura cikin rayuwa. Don Misali, game da kyanda, tetanus, mura, da ciwon huhu. Shawarwarin alurar don tsofaffi sun mai da hankali kan cutar huhu da mura.
Tarihi
Kafin gabatarwar alurar rigakafin cuta tare da abu daga abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin mahaifa, za a iya kasancewa da katun an hana shi ta hanyar lalata kwayoyin cuta da gangan. Da farko farkon alamu na A cikin ƙarni na 10, inoculation ba game da fulawa a cikin kasar Sin ya zo ba. A ƙarshen 1760s Edward Jenner ya sami labarin cewa ma'aikatan kiwo ba su taɓa samun fitsari ba domin suna ya rigaya ya samarda maganin cutar sankara. A cikin 1796, Jenner ya ɗauki kwari daga hannun madara da Cutar fata, ta sanya shi a cikin wani yaro mai shekaru 8, kuma makonni shida bayan haka sun kamu da yaron tare da fulawa. Bai kama karamar fulawa ba. Jenner ya kara karatunsa kuma a cikin 1798 bayar da rahoton cewa maganin shi bashi da lafiya ga yara da manya. Na biyu na alluran rigakafin an gabatar dashi a cikin 1880s daga Louis Pasteur. Karnin nan na ashirin ya ga bullar sabbin magunguna masu nasara, gami da wadancan da cututtukan fata, kyanda, da daskararru, da kuma daskararru. Manyan nasarorin sun hada da ci gaba na rigakafin cutar Polio a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma kawar da fitsari a shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970. Maurice Hilleman ya kasance mafi yawan masu haɓaka alluran rigakafin a karni na ashirin. Yawancin ci gaban allurar rigakafin har zuwa yau sun dogara da tallafi daga gwamnati, jami'o'i da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Yawancin magungunan rigakafi sun kasance masu tsada matuƙar tasiri da amfani ga lafiyar jama'a. Yawan alluran rigakafin da aka gudanar ya karu sosai a kwanan nan shekarun da suka gabata. Ari ga haka, ana yin amfani da rigakafin dabbobi don su hana cututtukan su da kuma hana yada cutar ga mutane..
Batun mallaka
Saka bayanan kwastomomi kan hanyoyin inganta alurar riga kafi na iya zama cikas ga ci gaban sababbin alurar rigakafi. Saboda ƙarancin kariya da aka bayar ta ha patentso ,in mallaka, kariyar sabon abu ne sau da yawa ana yin ta hanyar haƙƙin ci gaba kamar yadda ya kamata kariya ta sirri. A cewar Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, babbar matsala ce ta hana samar da maganin alurar riga kafi a ciki ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ci gaba shine mahimmancin kuɗi, kayayyakin more rayuwa, da ƙwarewar ma'aikata bukatun da ake buƙata don shigar da kasuwa.
Tsarin isarwa
Haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin isar da saƙo na tasar da begen alluran rigakafin lafiya da ƙari ingantacce don sadar da gudanarwa. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci game da fasahar isar da rigakafi sun haɗa da allurar rigakafi. Cutar shan inna rigakafi ya tabbatar da inganci lokacin da masu aikin sa kai ke gudanar da su ba tare da horo na yau da kullun ba. Wata gwaji mara-amfani ana yin gwajin dabbobi. Wani facin tambari mai kama da bandeji mai ɗaure ciki ya ƙunshi tsinkayar ƙirar 20,000 a kowace murabba'in cm..
Yanayi
Ci gaban alurar riga-kafi yana da yanayi da yawa:
Until Har zuwa kwanan nan, yawancin rigakafin an yi niyya ne ga jarirai da yara, amma matasa kuma Ana ƙara yin niyya da manya.
Com vaccin es vaccin Haɗi na rigakafi ya zama gama gari.
Ana kirkiro sabbin hanyoyin bayar da rigakafi.
Ana yin allurar rigakafi don taɓar da martanin rigakafin halittu, da mai daidaitawa.
Ana yin gwaji don samar da alluran rigakafin cututtukan cututtukan daji.
Ana yin allurar rigakafi don kare kai daga harin dabbobi.
Now Masana kimiyya yanzu suna ƙoƙarin kirkirar allurar rigakafi ta hanyar sake ginawa waje tsarin kwayar cuta. Wannan zai taimaka wajen magance juriya.
References |
52701 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson%20Abounu | Benson Abounu | Benson Abounu an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin 1949) a Otukpo a jihar Benue. ya zama mataimakin gwamnan jihar Benue, Najeriya An zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin Gwamnan jihar Benue
Samuel L. Ortom a shekarar 2015 a karkashin jam’iyyar All Progressive Congress (APC)
Injiniya ne, kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a hukumomi daban-daban a ma'aikatun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu.
KARATU
Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Methodist Upu-Icho a Otukpo, mahaifarsa, daga shekarar 1957 zuwa 1963. Ya wuce Kwalejin Gwamnati.
Makurdi, inda ya yi tazarce, tsakanin 1964 zuwa 1966. Engr. Abounu ya koma Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gwamnati, Ilorin a 1967 kuma ya kammala O'levels a shekarar 1969.
Daga shekarar 1971 zuwa 1975, ya yi karatu a Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna, kafin ya tafi kasar Ingila inda ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare.
Jami'ar Cranfield, Bedford, Ingila, tsakanin shekarar 1976 zuwa ta 1978. A tsakanin shekarar 1980 zuwa ta 1984 ya kasance a Jami'ar Ibadan kafin ya wuce Ashridge Management College da ke Ingila don karatun digiri a 1989.
bayan nan Abounu yayi difloma a fannin injiniyan lantarki da da kuma babbar difloma ta ƙasa a fannin
ininiyanci; Master of Science in industrial engineering and administration da kuma Master of Business Administration (MBA)
kudi da gudanar da ayyuka.
Aiki
Daga shekarar 1975 zuwa ta 1976, ya yi aiki tare da John Holt Group, inda ya zama manaja-in-training zuwa production manager kafin ya koma Nigeria Breweries, Legas, inda ya zama manajan fasaha daga shekarar 1979 zuwa ta 1980. A Okin Bottling Company Ltd. Kaduna, ya kasance babban manaja daga shekarar 1982 zuwa ta 1988. Bayan haka, ya zama darakta na NAL Merchant Bank PLC, Legas, tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1990, daga karshe ya zama babban abokin tarayya, Abounu Benson and Company, injiniyan injiniyoyi da masu ba da shawara ga gudanarwar kamfani.
A farkon shekarar 1990, an nada Abounu shi kadai a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami’in gudanarwa na kamfanin hakar ma’adinai ta Najeriya da ke Jos, daga nan ne ya zama babban darakta a hukumar kula da ta Coal Corporation Najeriya da ke Enugu a tsakanin karshen 1990 zuwa 1991. Sunansa ya shahara a Jihar Binuwai lokacin da ya tsaya takarar gwamna a jam’iyyar SDP, sannan ya zama mai ba Gwamna Moses Adasu shawara na musamman daga 1992 zuwa 1993.
Gwamna George Akume ya nada Abounu kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa da muhalli a shekarar 1999; ya sake nada shi kuma aka nada shi a ma’aikatar ma’adanai ta kasa, inda ya yi aiki daga watan Agusta 2003 zuwa Yuni, 2005. Ya shugabanci hukumar gidan talabijin ta Najeriya tsakanin 2009 zuwa 2011.
SIYASA
Abounu ya tsaya takara a zaɓen shekarar 2015 a matsayin mataimakin ɗan takarar gwamna na jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC) a jihar Benue, Ɗan takara gwamnan Samuel Ortom ne yayi nasara a zaben Saboda haka, an rantsar da shi a matsayin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Benue a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2015.
A shekarar 2018 ya koma tare da Gwamna Ortom zuwa jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) kuma an sake zaben su a cikin watan Maris, 2019.
Manazarta |
48917 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerin%20Kamfanoni%20Na%20Jamhuriyar%20Kongo | Jerin Kamfanoni Na Jamhuriyar Kongo | Jamhuriyar Kongo ƙasa ce da ke a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Tana da iyaka da Gabon, Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kwango da kuma Cabinda na Angolan. A farkon shekarun 1980, hauhawar kudaden shigar man fetur cikin sauri ya baiwa gwamnati damar samar da kudaden gudanar da manyan ayyukan raya kasa tare da karuwar GDP da ya kai kashi 5% a duk shekara, daya daga cikin mafi girma a Afirka. Gwamnati ta jinginar da wani kaso mai tsoka na arzikin man fetur, wanda ya haifar da karancin kudaden shiga. Rage darajar yankin Franc na ranar 12 ga watan Janairu, 1994 da kashi 50% ya haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kashi 46 cikin 100 a shekarar 1994, amma hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya ragu tun daga lokacin.
Fitattun kamfanoni
Wannan jeri ya haɗa da fitattun kamfanoni masu manyan hedikwata dake cikin ƙasar. Masana'antu da sashin suna bin tsarin Taxonomy na Rarraba Masana'antu. Ƙungiyoyin da suka daina aiki an haɗa su kuma an lura da su a matsayin sun lalace.
Duba kuma
Jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Jamhuriyar Kongo
Jerin bankuna a Jamhuriyar Kongo
Jerin sarkokin manyan kantuna a Jamhuriyar Kongo
Manazarta |
16045 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego%20Boyo | Ego Boyo | Nwakaego (Ego) Boyo (an haife ta 6 ga Satumba, 1968) 'yar fim ce kuma' yar fim a Nijeriya wacce ta shahara a matsayinta na Anne Haastrup a cikin sabulu a ƙarshen shekarun 80, Checkmate . Ita ce shugabar mata ta 60 ta Womenungiyar Mata ta Duniya (IWS), ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, mara siyasa, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da aka kafa a 1957. Ta fito ne daga jihar Enugu a gabashin Najeriya .
Ayyuka
Ego Boyo ta fara aikinta ne a farkon jerin shekarun 1990 Checkmate, inda ta taka rawar Anne Haastrup. Ta kafa kamfani nata na samarda, Temple Productions a shekarar 1996. Ta gabatar da fim mara sauti A Hotel da ake kira Memory a cikin 2017, kuma fim din ya lashe kyautar masu sauraro don mafi kyawun fim na gwaji a bikin Fim na BlackStar a Philadelphia .
Rayuwar Kai
Ego ya auri yara tare da Omamofe Boyo, Mataimakin Babban Jami'in Rukuni a Oando Plc.
Manazarta
Mata
Ƴan Najeriya
Rayayyun mutane |
60631 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/KANTU | KANTU | KANTU
Shide Kantu wani dunkulallen abu ne wanda ake cinsa, ana hada sukarine da wani nou'i na abinci, misali kamar su Gangala da gyada da sauransu sai su dunkule awaje fuda su zama kantu.
Mafi yawan Kantu ana yin sana da Sukari, kuma shi sukari yanada danko shiyasa yake nannade abinda ake soyasa dashi awaje duda yazama kantu. Kantude kayan marmarine da yara suke son cinsa, harma manya suna son kantu saboda yanada zaki.
Manazarta: |
59927 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saukewa%3A%20R-454B | Saukewa: R-454B | R-454B, wanda kuma aka sani da sunayen masu alamar kasuwanci Opteon XL41, Solstice 454B, da Puron Advance, shine haɗin zeotropic na 68.9 bisa dari difluoromethane (R-32), wani hydrofluorocarbon, da 31.1 bisa dari 2,3,3,3-netraproproproperoproperoprotective. R-1234yf), wani hydrofluoroolefin. Saboda rage yuwuwar dumamar yanayi (GWP), R-454B ana nufin ya zama madadin R-410A mai sanyi acikin sabbin kayan aiki. R-454B yana da GWP na 466, wanda shine kashi 78 ƙasa da GWP na R-410A.
R-454B ba mai guba ba ne kuma mai sauƙi mai ƙonewa, tare da rarrabuwar aminci na ASHRAE na A2L. A ƙasar Amirka, ana sa ran za a sanya shi a cikin wani akwati mai ja ko kuma yana da bandeji mai ja a kafaɗa ko sama.
Tarihi
Masana'antar na'urorin sanyaya na'urar tana neman maye gurbin R-410A saboda yawan yuwuwar dumamar yanayi. R-454B, wanda aka fi sani da DL-5A, masana'antun da yawa sun zaɓa, ciki har da Mitsubishi Electric, Carrier, Johnson Controls, da sauransu.
R-454B an haɓɓaka shi kuma Chemours ne ya kera shi. Mai jigilar kaya ya fara bada sanarwar gabatarwar R-454B acikin ducted na zama da haske na kasuwanci kunshe-kunshe da samfuran kwandishan acikin 2018,tare da ƙaddamar da samfuran tushen R-454B acikin 2023.
Abubuwan firiji masu alaƙa
R-454B ba shine kawai haɗakar R-32 da R-1234yf da za'a bada shawarar azaman refrigerant ba.Sauran haɗe-haɗe sun haɗa da R-454A (kashi 35 R-32, kashi 65 R-1234yf) da R-454C (kashi 21.5 R-32, kashi 78.5 R1234yf).Hakanan akwai gauraye da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kashi na uku.
Manazarta |
19686 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutsen%20Kura%20%28Kafur%29 | Dutsen Kura (Kafur) | Dutsen Kura gari ne dake a Ƙaramar hukumar Kafur ta Jihar Katsina Najeriya. Dutsen Kura gari ne na shahararren ɗan jaridar nan na sashen Hausa na DW dake a ƙasar Jamus wato Zaharaddin Umar Dutsen-kura.
Kuma gari ne na Alhaji Khalil Bako, tsohon sakataren dindindin a ma'aikatar ƙananan hukumomi da masarautu ta jihar katsina sannan shi ne dagacin garin na Dutsen-kura baya ga haka ya riƙe Kwamishina na dindindin a ma'aikatar samarda aiyuka ta jihar Katsina
Manazarta |
15301 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Etteh | Patricia Etteh | Patricia Olubunmi Foluke Etteh (an haife ta ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 1953) ita ce Shugabar Majalisar Wakilan Nijeriya daga watan Yuni zuwa watan Oktoban shekara ta 2007.
Rayuwar mutum da ilimi
Etteh, Bayarabiya ce an haife ta kuma a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1953. Ta yi karatu akan gyaran gashi da kuma mai ilmin gyaran jiki, amma kuma ta samu digirin lauya daga Jami’ar Bukingham da ke Ingila kuma ta zama Lauyan Najeriya a shekarar 2016.
Harkar siyasa
Etteh na wakiltar mazaɓar Ayedaade / Isokan / Irewole a jihar Osun Da farko an zaɓe ta a shekarar 1999 a matsayin mamba ta Alliance for Democracy (AD), amma ta sauya sheka zuwa jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) lokacin da ta sake tsayawa takara a 2003. An zaɓe ta a matsayin kakakin majalisa gaba ɗaya ga watan Yunin 2007, kuma ita ce mace tilo da ta taba rike wannan mukamin a cikin gwamnatin Najeriya.
Badaƙalar cin hanci da rashawa
A watan Satumbar 2007, ta fuskanci wani kwamiti na 'ƴan majalisar kan zarge-zargen cewa ta ba da izinin kashe Naira miliyan 628 (kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 5) a kan gyaran gidanta da na mataimakinta, da kuma sayen motocin hukuma guda 12 da aka tanada don Majalisar Wakilai. An zarge ta da satar yayinda take ƙoƙarin yin magana a cikin majalisar, kuma an fitar da ita ta hanyar tsaro yayinda lamarin ya rikiɗe zuwa tashin hankali, duk da cewa ba a gurfanar da ita a hukumance ba.
A hukumance PDP ta cigaba da mara wa Etteh baya, kodayake wasu mambobin, kamar Isyaku Ibrahim, sun soki wannan matsaya. Marubuci kuma malami Wole Soyinka na daga cikin waɗanda suka yi kira da ta yi murabus, yayinda tsohon Shugaban kasa kuma dan jam’iyyar PDP Olusegun Obasanjo ya cigaba da mara mata baya. A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, bayan matsin lamba na makonni, Etteh ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na kakakin majalisa. Mataimakin ta, Babangida Nguroje shi ma ya yi murabus. Koyaya a wurin zama na karshe na zaman majalisar wakilai karo na 6, an amince cewa "Babu wani rikodi ko cigaban majalisar inda aka taba gurfanar da Patricia Olubunmi Etteh,"
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1953 |
53579 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zainab%20al-Khawaja | Zainab al-Khawaja | Zainab Abdulhadi al-Khawaja ( ; an haifeta a ramar 21 ga watan Oktoba shekarata alif 1983 ) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ɗan Bahrain ne, kuma ɗan takara a boren Bahraini . |
32019 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sashen%20Wasa%20Da%20Kamun%20Kifi%20Na%20Uganda | Sashen Wasa Da Kamun Kifi Na Uganda | Sashen Wasa da Kamun Kifi na Uganda shi ne jagorar hukumar kiyaye namun daji na Hukumar Kare na Uganda . An hade ta cikin Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Uganda a cikin 1996.
Masu gadi
Asalin Darakta a Sashen shi ne Mai Gadi sannan daga bisani ya kasance Babban Mai Gadi. Charles Pitman ya rike mukamin daga 1924 har sai da Bruce Kinloch ya maye gurbinsa a 1951.
Bayanan kula
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
42729 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younes%20Ahamdi | Younes Ahamdi | Younes Ahamdi (; an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu 1976) ɗan wasanJudoka ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Morocco ne. Ahamdi ya halarci gasar wasan Olympics ta bazara a shekara ta shekarar 2004, inda ya sha kaye a zagaye na 32 na kasar Rasha Evgeny Stanev.
Nasarorin da aka samu
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1976 |
17629 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuma | Zuma | Zuma wata halittar Allah ce, kuma tana daga cikin ƙwari wadda takan zauna a cikin kogon bishiya, kogon dutse har ma a Rami a ƙasa. Allah ya ambaci Zuma a cikin Alqur'ani mai girma, kuma har sura ya saukar da sunan ta, wanda har Alqur'ani yace ita Zuma waraka ce ga cutuka (ruwa zuma).
Zuma tana maganin germbo ciki,kamar su ulcer.
Zuma tana maganin tsutsar ciki, sannan tana gyara jiki.
Zuma tana da matuƙar amfani ga lafiya jikin dan adam.
Zuma ta na ƙara kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa, sannan ta maganin gadar da mantuwa.
Zuma tana maganin ƙunar jiki, sannan ana amfani da ita ga mata wurin gyara jiki.
Manazarta |
18528 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interahamwe | Interahamwe | Interahamwe (furuci; Een-gashi-ah-hahm-way, tare da 't' da aka ambata a matsayin 'h') shine babban rundunar sojojin da suka fara kisan ƙare dangi a Rwandan a 1994. A cikin wannan kisan gillar, an kashe 'yan Hutu da Tutsi kusan miliyan.
Hanyoyi
Interahamwe yawanci suna amfani da adduna ('mupanga') don yin kisan, amma bindigogi, gurneti da kayan aiki na yau da kullun kamar kulake da ƙugiya .
Da farko
Kimanin rabin sa'a bayan da aka kashe Shugaban Ruwanda, Juvénal Habyarimana a daren 6 ga Afrilu, 1994, an sanya shingayen Interahamwe a duk cikin garin Kigali, babban birnin Rwanda . Rikicin da ya biyo baya zai ɗauki kimanin kwanaki 100. Wannan ya haifar da mutuwar aƙalla 500,000, amma wasu sun ce har zuwa mutuwar 800,000-1,000,000.
Ta'adanci
Ƙungiyar Ta'addanci
Tarihin Afrika |
18209 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pia%20Juul | Pia Juul | Pia Juul (Mayu 30, 1962 - 30 ga Satumba, 2020) Marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara. Ta samu kyaututtuka da dama. Ta kasance memba na ƙasar Danish. Ta kuma koyar a makarantar rubutu ta Danish Forfatterskolen da ke Copenhagen. An haifi Juul a Korsør, Denmark.
Mutuwa
Juul ta mutu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2020 a Copenhagen tana da shekara 58.
Manazarta
Mata Marubuta
Mata
Waɗanda Suka Samu Kyautar Nobel |
35416 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilead%2C%20Maine | Gilead, Maine | Gilead birni ne, da ke a gundumar Oxford, Maine, a ƙasar Amirka. Bayan haɗawa a cikin 1804, an ba shi suna don yawancin itatuwan Balm na Gileyad a cikin gari. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 195 a ƙidayar 2020 .
Tarihi
A ƙarshen 1700s, Massachusetts ya sayar da ƙasa a cikin abin da yake yanzu Maine don ƙarfafa daidaitawar yankin. A cikin 1772, Oliver da John Peabody, na Andover, Massachusetts, da John da Samuel Bodwell na Methuen, Massachusetts, sun sayi kadada 6000 sama da Sudbury Kanada . An fara ba da Gileyad a matsayin Patent na Peabody. A cikin 1804, akwai iyalai 20 kuma buƙatun makarantu, coci-coci, hanyoyi da sauran abubuwan buƙatun al'umma sun bayyana. Lokaci ya yi da za a tara kuɗi don kawo wannan. An ba da takardar koken a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1804 kuma Peabody's Patent ya zama Gileyad.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, garin yana da jimillar yanki na wanda, nasa ƙasa ne kuma ruwa ne.
Gileyad shine gari na farko da aka fara cin karo da shi lokacin tsallakawa zuwa Maine daga New Hampshire akan Hanyar Amurka ta 2, wacce ita ce babbar hanya a garin.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2010, akwai mutane 209, gidaje 98, da iyalai 59 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance . Akwai rukunin gidaje 151 a matsakaicin yawa na . Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance fari 100.0%. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 1.9% na yawan jama'a.
Magidanta 98 ne, kashi 19.4% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 54.1% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.0% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 4.1% na da mai gida da ba mace a wurin. kuma 39.8% ba dangi bane. Kashi 30.6% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance na mutane ne, kuma 17.4% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko fiye. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.13 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.64.
Tsakanin shekarun garin ya kai shekaru 46.5. 16.7% na mazauna kasa da shekaru 18; 5.3% sun kasance tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 24; 26.8% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 29.2% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 22% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na garin ya kasance 55.5% na maza da 44.5% mata.
Ƙididdigar 2000
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 156, gidaje 70, da iyalai 45 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 8.2 a kowace murabba'in mil (3.2/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 125 a matsakaicin yawa na 6.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (2.5/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.72% Fari da 1.28% Ba'amurke .
Akwai gidaje 70, daga cikinsu kashi 28.6% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 51.4% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 8.6% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 34.3% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 25.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance na mutane ne, kuma kashi 10.0% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.23 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.61.
A cikin garin, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 19.2% 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18, 12.2% daga 18 zuwa 24, 26.9% daga 25 zuwa 44, 29.5% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.2% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko kuma mazan. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 41. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 108.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 106.6.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $25,000, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $34,250. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $17,188 sabanin $15,208 na mata. Kudin kowa da kowa na garin shine $13,489. Kimanin kashi 9.4% na iyalai da 11.4% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 13.3% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara sha takwas ba da 9.5% na waɗanda 65 ko sama da haka.
A cikin shahararrun al'adu
Gileyad shine wuri na fim din The Spitfire Grill, ko da yake an yi fim a Vermont .
Gileyad ɗan asalin garin Mainer Stephen King ne wanda ya kafa mahaifar Roland Deschain a kan, jarumin jerin Hasumiyar Dark .
Duba kuma
Louise Manny : Masanin tarihi daga Gileyad.
Tsohon tashar jirgin kasa ta Gileyad
Nassoshi
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Genealogy Maine: Gileyad, Oxford County, Maine
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
36647 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeniran%20Ogunsanya%20Street%2C%20Lagos | Adeniran Ogunsanya Street, Lagos | Titin Adeniran Ogunsanya titi ne dake cikin ƙaramar hukumar Surulere a jihar Legas kuma yana kusa da Akangba. Ana kiranta da sunan Adeniran Ogunsanya.
Adeniran Ogunsanya street is home to the popular Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Mall.
Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Mall
Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Mall wanda kuma aka fi sani da Leisure Mall babban kantin siyayya ne na zamani wanda ke kan titin Adeniran Ogunsanya. Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Legas, Birgediya-Janar Mobolaji Johnson ne ya gina tare da kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1975, daga baya gwamnatin Babatunde Fashola ta sake gina babbar kasuwa a shekarar 2011. Kafin a sake gina ta a shekarar 2011, an san ta da "Adeniran Ogunsanya Shopping Centre" a karkashin kulawar LSDPC (Kamfanin Cigaban Jiha da Kaddarori na Jihar Legas). A wannan lokacin, ta ƙunshi kasuwancin dillalai da yawa kamar "Ices Parlour" (kantin sayar da kayan zaki) "Jack and Judy" (kayan kayan makaranta) kantin sayar da littattafai na Patabah, da "Omo Onikoyi" (gidan gyaran gashi). A halin yanzu tana da faɗin murabba'in murabba'in 22,000 tare da shaguna sama da 150, fakitin mota wanda zai iya ƙunsar motoci sama da 300, ɗagawa, injin hawa da sauran kayan aikin yau da kullun.
Duba kuma
Surulere
Manazarta |
32665 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutanen%20Mamprusi | Mutanen Mamprusi | Mamprusis ƙabila ce a arewacin Ghana da Togo. Kiyasin ya nuna cewa akwai kimanin 200,000 Mamprusis da ke zaune a Arewacin Ghana a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, Suna jin Mampruli, ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Gur. A Ghana, Mamprusis sun fi zama a Nalerigu, Gambaga, Walewale, da garuruwan da ke kewaye da su a yankin Arewa maso Gabas. Asalin su ya kasance a yankin Gabas ta Gabas, musamman Bawku, kuma suna zaune a sassan yankin Upper West, ma.
Tarihi
Masarautar Mamprugu ita ce daɗaɗɗen Masarautar, wadda ta riga ta fara tuntuɓar duk wasu shekaru aru-aru, a cikin yankin da daga baya za a yi masa suna The Gold Coast, daga baya kuma, Ghana. Babban Naa Gbanwah/Gbewah ne ya kafa Masarautar a kusan karni na 13 a Pusiga, wani kauye mai nisan kilomita 14 daga Bawku, shi ya sa Mamprusis ke girmama Bawku a matsayin gidan kakanninsu. Kabarin Naa Gbanwaah yana cikin Pusiga.
Masarautar ta mamaye mafi yawan Arewa maso Gabas, Arewa, Gabas Gabas da Babban Yamma na Gana, wasu sassan Arewacin Togo, da Burkina Faso. A sakamakon haka, Sarkin Mossi, Moronaba, na Burkina Faso, har wa yau, a alamance, Nayiri - Sarkin Mamprugu, ya rufe fuskarsa. Don haka, kafa wannan masarauta a matsayin mafi girman irinsa. Masarauta daya tilo a Ghana a yau wacce dacewa da ikonta ya ketare iyakokin kasa gwargwadon girman girmanta.
Sunan masarautar Mamprugu, kabilar Mamprusi, harshen kuma Mampruli. Magaji ga fata gado ne. Maza kai tsaye zuriyar Naa Gbanwaah ne kawai suka cancanci.
Labarin masarautar Mamprusi ya samo asali ne daga wani babban jarumi mai suna Tohazie. Tohazie, yana motsa Jan Hunter. Jama'ar sa ne suke kiransa da Jan Hunter domin yana da kyau a fuskarsa. Jikan Tohazie Naa Gbanwaah ya zauna a Pusiga ya kafa Mamprugu.
Mamprusi shine babba a cikin ƙabilar Mõõre-Gurma (Mole—Dagbamba): Mamprusi, Dagomba, Nanumba, da Moshie.
Masu mulki
Al'adu
Galibin mutanen Mamprusi mabiya addinin Musulunci ne. Mamprusi ya fara musulunta a karni na 17 sakamakon tasirin 'yan kasuwar Dyula.
Sana'o'in gargajiya na Mamprusi sun hada da noma da kiwo.
Manazarta
Ci gaba da karatu |
48888 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20wanke%20hannu%20mai%20kashe%20kwayar%20cuta | Man wanke hannu mai kashe kwayar cuta | Hannun sanitizer (wanda kuma aka sani da maganin antiseptik, maganin kashe kwayar cutar hannu, wanda ake shafa hannu) ruwa ne, gel ko kumfa gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta / ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa a hannu. A mafi yawan saituna, wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa an fi son gabaɗaya. Sanitizer na hannu ba shi da tasiri wajen kashe wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar norovirus da Clostridium difficile, kuma ba kamar wanke hannu ba, ba zai iya cire sinadarai masu cutarwa a jiki ba. Mutane na iya yin kuskuren goge tsabtace hannu kafin ya bushe, kuma wasu ba su da tasiri saboda yawan barasa ya yi ƙasa sosai.
Sanitizer na tushen barasa wanda shine aƙalla 60% ( v / v ) barasa a cikin ruwa (musamman, ethanol ko isopropyl barasa / isopropanol (shafa barasa)) Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ta ba da shawarar, amma kawai idan babu sabulu da ruwa. CDC tana ba da shawarar matakai masu zuwa yayin amfani da tsabtace hannu na tushen barasa
Aiwatar da samfur zuwa tafin hannu ɗaya.
Shafa hannaye tare.
Shafa samfurin a duk saman hannaye da yatsu har sai hannaye sun bushe.
Kada ku kusanci harshen wuta ko mai ƙona iskar gas ko kowane abu mai ƙonewa yayin aikin tsabtace hannu
Siffofin tushen barasa yawanci sun ƙunshi wasu haɗuwa da barasa isopropyl, ethanol (ethyl barasa), ko n -propanol, tare da nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da 60% zuwa 95% barasa mafi inganci. Yakamata a kula tunda suna iya ƙonewa. Sanitizer na tushen barasa yana aiki da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri amma ba spores ba. Za a iya ƙara abubuwa kamar glycerol don hana bushewar fata. Wasu nau'ikan sun ƙunshi ƙamshi; duk da haka, waɗannan an hana su saboda haɗarin halayen rashin lafiyan. Sifofin da ba na barasa ba yawanci sun ƙunshi benzalkonium chloride ko triclosan ; amma ba su da tasiri fiye da na barasa.
An yi amfani da barasa azaman maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta aƙalla a farkon 1363 tare da shaida don tallafawa amfani da shi ya kasance a ƙarshen 1800s. Ana yawan amfani da tsabtace hannu na barasa a Turai tun aƙalla shekarun 1980. Sigar tushen barasa tana cikin Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya .
Tarihi
Amfani
Jama'a game gari
Maganin tsabtace hannu wanda yakeda barasa maiyuwa ba zai yi tasiri ba idan hannaye suna da mai ko kuma a bayyane. A asibitoci, hannayen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya galibi suna gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, amma da wuya su ƙazanta ko mai mai. A cikin wuraren jama'a, a gefe guda, maiko da zubar da ruwa ya zama ruwan dare daga ayyuka kamar sarrafa abinci, wasan motsa jiki, aikin lambu, da yin aiki a waje. Hakazalika, gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar ƙarfe masu nauyi da magungunan kashe qwari (wanda aka fi samun su a wajeBa za a iya cirewa ta hanyar tsabtace Hakanan yara za su iya haɗiye na'urorin tsabtace hannu, musamman idan suna da launi.
Wasu na'urorin tsabtace hannu na kasuwanci (da kuma girke-girke na kan layi don shafan gida) suna da yawan barasa wanda ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan yana sa su ƙasa da tasiri wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Talakawa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba da kuma mutane a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya samun wahalar samun abin tsabtace hannu tare da ingantaccen ƙwayar barasa. Lakabi na zamba na yawan barasa ya kasance matsala a Guyana.
Makarantu
Shaida na yanzu don tasirin tsaftar hannun makaranta ba shi da inganci.
A cikin bita na 2020 Cochrane kwatanta wanke hannu mara wanke hannu zuwa sabulu na al'ada da dabarun ruwa da kuma tasirin da ya biyo baya kan rashin zuwa makaranta ya sami ɗan ƙaramin tasiri amma fa'ida akan wanke hannu mara amfani akan rashin rashin lafiya.
Wuraren Kula da lafiya
Manazarta |
22070 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/KURA | KURA | Kura jam'in ta shine kuraye kura wata dabba ce mai launin kasa-kasa ko kuma ratsi-ratsi mafarauciyar nama (abincinta) tana daga cikin dabbobin daji masu hatsarin gaske. Wasu suna ganin kamar kura bata iya farauto abincin ta, sai dai ba haka zancen yake ba. Kura tana daga cikin dabbobin daji masu cin nama Kuma Naman ko wane iri ne ba wai sai dan'uwanta dabbobi ba har mutane takan kashe ta ci naman su. Da kura da zaki da sauran dabbobi masu cin nama dukkan su, suna da hatsarin gaske. Ana kuma kiran kalan wadannan dabbobin da turanci (carnivorous) wato masu cin nama ko wane irine.
Sai dai kuma ita kura tana da ban tsoro sannan itama tana da tsoro sosai, ga tsoro ga ban-tsoro sai dai wani abinda baku sani ba game da kura shine, kura tana da basira sosai.
Kuraye suna yawo kusan garke-garke, daga biyu zuwa fiye da haka, sai dai wasu masana sun tabbatar da cewa garken kuraye mafi yawa da aka taɓa gani, shine wanda aka gan kuraye saba'in da biyu (72) a garke daya.
Manazarta |
22852 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunki | Dunki | Dunki shuka ne.
Manazarta
Shuka |
15352 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam%20Yalwaji%20Katagum | Mariam Yalwaji Katagum | Mariam Yalwaji Katagum (an haife ta ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1954) a Azare, jihar Bauchi ta kasance Jakadiyar Najeriya a UNESCO kuma itace sakatariya ta dindindin, kuma itace Ministan masana'antu, cinikayya da zuba jari daga jihar Bauchi a Najeriya.
Ilimi
A shekara ta 1976, Mariam Y. Katagum ta samu digiri na farko a fannin Turanci (BA. English) da kuma takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri a jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya. A shekara ta 1985, ta samu digiri a fannin Gudanar da Tsare-tsare a Jami’ar Legas. A cikin shekara ta alif 1999, Mariam Katagum ta sami Takaddar Shaida a (Social Development Policy, Planning and Practice) a Kwalejin Jami'ar, London. A wannan shekarar ne aka ba ta shaidar abota da UNESCO.
Ayyuka
Mariam ta fara aikin ta ne da bautan kasa (NYSC), a hukumar ruwa na jihar Jos. A shekara ta alif 1977-1981, Mariam ta kasance Babban ma'aikaciyar Ilimi a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya da ke Azare. Daga baya ta yi aiki a "Federal Scholarship Board," jihar Legas (1981-1984).
Bayan shekaru goma sha biyar da suka wuce aka tura ta zuwa hukumar Nigerian National Commission na UNESCO (1985-2000). A tsakanin shekarun 2000-2001, Mariam ta kasance Darakta a kan Ayyuka na Musamman a Hukumar Ilimin Firamare ta Kasa (National Primary Education Commission) da ke Abuja. Tun daga shekara ta 2001, Mariam tayi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatariya na Hukumar Kula da Kasa ta Najeriya (wato, Nigerian National Commission) ta UNESCO. A shekara ta 2004 ne, Mariam tayi jawabinta na karshe a taron UNU -UNESCO akan yake-yake a karni na 21 a Paris. Farawa daga 2006 Mariam ta koma kula da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta kasa da kasashen waje. A watan Yuni, shekara ta 2009, Katagum ta zama Ambasada, Wakiliya ta Dindindin na Nijeriya a UNESCO.
Ta yi aiki a wasu kwamitocin kasa da na kasa da kasa da kuma bangarorin da suka hada da Kwamitin Amintattu na Asusun Tarihin Duniya na Afirka (2009-2011), Rukunin Afirka ta Yamma a UNESCO (2009-2012), E-9 Group a UNESCO (2010) -2012), da Kwamitin Babban Ofishin UNESCO (2011-2013), Hukumar PX ta Hukumar Zartarwa (2013) da sauransu.
A shekara ta 2017, Katagum ta halarci taron "Gala Night" na Makon Afirka, a shekara ta 2017 wanda Kungiyar Afirka na UNESCO suka shirya a hedikwatan ta da ke Paris.
A watan Yuli, shekara ta 2019, shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya zabi Katagum a matsayin karamar Ministan Masana'antu, Kasuwanci da Zuba jari na jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A matsayinta na Karamar Ministar Masana'antu, Kasuwanci da Zuba Jari, Katagum ta karfafa a wajen kirkiro salon 'yancin kasuwanci na African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) mai matukar muhimmanci wajen cimma nasarorin da Najeriya za ta ci gajiyar su.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Ganawa da mai girma Mrs. Mariam Yalwaji Katagum
Ƴan siyasan Najeriya
Mata
Ƴan Najeriya
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1954
Mata yan siyasa |
55718 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler | Butler | Butler
Wani qaramin qauyene dake jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka |
58076 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestine%20Ukwu | Celestine Ukwu | Celestine Ukwu (1940–7 ga Mayu 1977) mawaƙin ɗan kabilar Igbo ne na Najeriya a shekarun 1960 da 1970,wanda aka fi sani da wakokinsa na “Ije Enu”,“Igede” da “Money Palava”.An bayyana shi a matsayin "fitaccen mawaki kuma fitaccen mawaki" na mai sukar waka Benson Idonije na Rediyon Najeriya Biyu,an nuna ayyukan Ukwu a kan harhada wakokin duniya daban-daban ciki har da The Rough Guide to Highlife da The Rough Guide to Psychedelic Africa.
Rayuwa
An haifi Ukwu a Enugu ga iyaye masu son kida.Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai yin waƙar igede,ikpa da ode nau'in kiɗan Igbo yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance jagorar mawaƙa a ƙungiyar kiɗan mata.Sa’ad da yake ƙarami,ya soma koyon karatun kaɗe-kaɗe da yin wasan jituwa tare da taimakon kawunsa.Bayan kammala karatun firamare ya tafi makarantar horas da malamai na tsawon shekaru biyu amma ya bar aikin waka a matsayin sana’a.Ya ci gaba da shiga kungiyar Mike Ejeagha ta Paradise Rhythm Orchestra a shekarar 1962 a Enugu a matsayin mawaki kuma dan wasan maraca kafin ya tafi ya shiga kungiyar Mr.Picolo da ke rangadi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a lokacin.Ya dawo Najeriya ya kafa kungiyarsa mai suna Celestine Ukwu & His Royals of Nigeria a shekarar 1966 wanda daga baya aka wargaje a shekarar 1967 bayan barkewar yakin basasar Najeriya,kafin ya fitar da wata waka a lokacin barkewar yakin mai taken 'Hail Biafra'.'.Bayan yakin,Ukwu ya kafa wata kungiya mai suna Celestine Ukwu & His Philosophers National;tare da wanda ya fitar da albam da dama,ciki har da Igede Fantasia wanda ya yi kyau a kasuwa.
Aikin fasaha
An yi wakokinsa da farko a cikin harshen Igbo tare da ɗan Efik.A cikin bugu na 1986 na Thisweek,wani marubuci ya taɓa rubuta cewa waƙarsa "sun ba da abinci don tunani ga masu sauraronsa".
Mutuwa
Ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1977s
Hotuna
Albums
Haihuwan 1940 |
55982 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanston%20Il | Evanston Il | Evanston IlWani birni ne a cikin yankin jihar Illinois dake qasar amurka |
27717 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Bullet%20in%20the%20Heart | A Bullet in the Heart | A Kumari a cikin Zuciya (Larabcin Misira, fassara. Rossassa Fel Qalb) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Masar a shekara ta 1944 wanda Mohammed Karim ya ba da umarni tare da 'yan wasan Masar Raqiya Ibrahim, Faten Hamama, mawaki Mohamed Abdel Wahab da jarumi Seraj Munir. An kafa ta ne a kan wani labari na Tewfik El-Hakim .
Makirci
Mohsen namijin mata ne. Yana da amini na ƙud da ƙud wanda likita ne mai ladabi. Mohsen ya sadu da wata mace, Fifi, kuma yana ƙauna da ita. Daga baya ya gano cewa ta auri abokinsa, likitan. Ko da yake tana son zama matar Mohsen, ba ta likita ba, Mohsen ya watsar da ita - ya ƙi ƙaunarta kuma ya kasance da aminci ga abokinsa.
Yan wasa
Faten Hamama a matsayin Najwah
Mohamed Abdel Wahab a matsayin Mohsen
Raqiya Ibrahim as Fifi
Seraj Munir a matsayin likita
Zeinat Sedki
Samia Gamal
Bechara Wakim
Hassan Kamel
Ali Al-Kassar
Magana
Rossassa Fel Qalb, official site. An dawo da shi ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2006.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Fina-finan Afirka
Fina-finai |
9256 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shagari%20%28Nijeriya%29 | Shagari (Nijeriya) | Shagari karamar hukuma ce dake a Jihar Sokoto, Arewa maso yamman Nijeriya.
Kananan hukumomin jihar Sokoto |
48778 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkokin%20Dan%20Adam%20a%20Jamhuriyar%20Afrika%20ta%20Tsakiya | Hakkokin Dan Adam a Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya | Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, wadda Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana da cewa tana fuskantar "rikicin da aka yi watsi da shi a duniya", tana da mummunan yanayin hakkin dan adam. Freedom House ta sanya shi 'Ba Kyauta' daga 1972 zuwa 1990, a cikin 2002 da 2003, kuma daga 2014 zuwa yau. An ƙididdige shi 'Babban Kyauta' daga 1991 zuwa 2001 da kuma daga 2004 zuwa 2013. A kididdigar ci gaban bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, tana matsayi na 179 cikin kasashe 187. Tsakanin 1988 da 2008, tsawon rayuwa ya ragu daga shekaru 49 zuwa shekaru 47.7.
A cewar ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, ana cin zarafin bil'adama a kasar. Wadannan sun hada da kisan gilla da jami’an tsaro ke yi; azabtarwa, duka da fyade ga wadanda ake zargi da fursunoni; rashin hukunci, musamman a tsakanin sojojin; yanayi mai tsanani da barazanar rai a gidajen yari da wuraren tsare mutane; kamawa da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba, tsawaita tsarewar gaban shari'a da hana shari'a ta gaskiya ; lokaci-lokaci tsoratarwa da ƙuntatawa a kan manema labarai ; ƙuntatawa akan 'yancin motsi; cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance ; da tauye hakkin ma'aikata.
Har ila yau, rahoton na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ya ba da misali da tashe-tashen hankula masu yaduwa, kuma galibi suna kashe mutane ; yawaitar kaciyar mata ; nuna wariya ga mata da Mahani ; fataucin mutane ; aikin tilastawa ; da aikin yara . ‘Yancin walwala a yankin arewacin kasar ya takaita ne “saboda ayyukan jami’an tsaro na jihohi, ‘yan fashi da makami, da sauran kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai da ba na gwamnati ba” kuma albarkacin fada tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da masu adawa da gwamnati, mutane da yawa sun rasa muhallansu .
Rahotanni na baya-bayan nan kan take hakkin dan Adam
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, watakila babban abin da ke kawo cikas ga 'yancin bil'adama a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya shi ne ci gaba da gwagwarmayar makamai a kasar tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da kuma a wasu lokutan, tsakanin kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye masu fada da juna. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, wani rahoto da sashen kare hakkin bil’adama na ofishin tallafawa zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kasar, wanda aka fi sani da BONUCA, ya bayyana “mummunan matsalar tsaro a arewacin kasar inda sojojin gwamnati, ‘yan tawaye da kuma ‘yan fashi da makami suka yi garkuwa da su. sun kasance masu fafutuka, wadanda dukkansu sun aikata ta'asa" kuma sun bayyana cewa "[e] kisan gilla, azabtarwa da kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, galibi ana danganta su ga jami'an tsaro da tsaro da kuma karfafa al'adar rashin hukunta su, sun taimaka wajen tabarbarewar haƙƙin ɗan adam".
Rahoton na BONUCA ya kuma kara da cewa sojojin gwamnati “sun keta dokokin yaki da wulakanci. A hare-haren da suke yi da ‘yan tawaye ko ‘yan fashi ba sa banbance tsakanin wadanda suka dauki makamai da fararen hula… A hare-haren ramuwar gayya, sojoji suna kona gidaje, suna kashe mutane da dama ko kuma wadanda ake zargi da hada baki da ‘yan tawaye ko ‘yan fashi”. A cewar BONUCA, sojoji a garin Bouar sun baje kolin ‘yan ta’addan da suka yi ikirarin na ‘yan bindigar manyan tituna ne da suka harbe, ‘yan fashin “suna azabtar da matafiya, suna sace mazauna yankin, tare da yin garkuwa da mata da kananan yara domin neman kudin fansa”, abin da kungiyar ‘yan tawayen ta kira. Armée populaire pour la restauration de la democratie (APRD) "ya hana wasu mazauna zagayawa" da kuma cewa wasu mutane dauke da makamai watakila na kungiyar Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) ne "sun yi garkuwa da mutane 150, ciki har da yara 55 tare da cin zarafinsu". A gefe guda kuma, BONUCA ta ce gwamnati ta ba da hadin kai sosai da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama.
A watan Fabrairun 2010, babbar jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kare hakkin bil'adama, Navi Pillay, ta ce rashin hukunta laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama na daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Da take ambaton " takaitaccen hukuncin kisa, tilasta bacewar mutane, kama mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma tsarewa", ta yi kira da a yi "kokari mai karfi......don kawo karshen wadannan muggan laifuka na cin zarafi".
Rahoton da Amnesty International ta fitar kan abubuwan da suka faru a kasar a shekarar 2011 ya yi tsokaci kan kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye daban-daban da ke wakiltar kalubale ga dakarun gwamnati, inda ya lura cewa yankin arewa maso yammacin kasar "yana karkashin ingantacciyar kulawar Sojoji mai farin jini don maido da mulkin dimokradiyya. (APRD), kungiyar da ke dauke da makamai wacce ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnati, yayin da "Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) ta kara yawan da kuma tsananin hare-harenta" a kudu maso gabas da gabas. A watan Yulin 2011, Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) ta kai hari tare da mamaye garin Sam Ouandja da ke arewa maso gabashin kasar, "da ake zargin a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan hare-haren da kungiyar Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP) ta kai kan mukamanta. . . . Tsakanin watan Yuni da Agusta, bangarorin CPJP uku sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya da gwamnati, duk da cewa mayakan nasu sun ci gaba da rike makamai”. Amnesty International ta yi nuni da cewa, sakamakon wannan tashin hankalin, “kaso mai tsoka na CAR ya fi karfin gwamnati”, inda sama da mutane 200,000 suka rasa matsugunansu, yayin da wasu kusan 200,000 ke zama a matsayin ‘yan gudun hijira a kasashe makwabta.
A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2012, dakarun kawancen Seleka, wadanda akasarinsu mambobin APRD da UFDR, suka kaddamar da farmaki kan dakarun gwamnati, kuma a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2013 aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya inda jam'iyyun suka amince da gudanar da sabon zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki. A watan Janairun 2013, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta nuna damuwa game da lamarin, inda ta yi kira ga bangarorin da su mutunta yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta tare da yin Allah wadai da "dukkan yunkurin kwace mulki da karfi". Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta ware amfani da yara kanana wajen yaki da tashe-tashen hankula a matsayin dalilin damuwa na musamman. Kwamitin agaji na kasa da kasa ya wajaba ya rufe ofisoshinsa a kasar sakamakon rikicin da ya faru a watan Disamba, amma ya sake bude su a watan Janairu, yana mai nuni da cewa, duk da haka halin da ake ciki ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin “rikici......a yayin tattaunawar sulhu tsakanin gwamnati, da ‘yan adawa. An fara kawancen 'yan tawaye da jam'iyyun adawa a Gabon". 
Rahoton na ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2013 da kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa da kasa FIDH ta fitar, ya yi kira ga dukkan bangarorin kasar da su kawo karshen take hakkin dan Adam, da kare fararen hula, da yin shawarwari da kafa kyakkyawan shugabanci ga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, musamman ma. domin yaki na gaskiya da rashin hukunta wadanda suka aikata manyan laifuka”. Wani rahoto na 11 ga Janairu 2013 na kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta kasa da kasa ya nuna cewa duk da tattaunawar da ake yi a Libreville, mazauna garuruwan Sibut da Damara, da ke kan gaba a rikicin, sun "gudu daga gidajensu saboda tsoron tashin hankali" kuma "sun kafa. matsuguni na wucin gadi a cikin daji, inda ake samun saukin kamuwa da sauro masu dauke da zazzabin cizon sauro”. A wannan rana, hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta ce tana fargabar yiwuwar sake afkuwar rikicin, inda ta ce ta samu rahoton dubban mutane da ke gudun hijira a arewaci da gabashin kasar tun farkon yunkurin na Seleka. kimanin wata daya da ya wuce".
A ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2013, Louisa Lombard ta New York Times ta bayyana CAR a matsayin "ɗakin gwaje-gwaje don ayyukan samar da zaman lafiya na duniya" wanda ya ci gaba da gazawa. An lura da cewa yayin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi ta "inganta shirye-shiryen 'DDR' akai-akai - kwance damara, rugujewa da sake hadewa - don taimakawa kungiyoyin da ke dauke da makamai su koma cikin al'ummomin farar hula", tsarin DDR ya "kare wa wadanda ake son amfana da kuma samar da abubuwan karfafa gwiwa ga wadanda ba a son su ba. don ɗaukar makamai", saboda shirye-shiryen "sun ɗauka cewa gwamnatocin da suke taimakawa suna aiki kamar kyakkyawan yanayin Max Weber - kiyaye ikon amfani da karfi, samar da ayyuka ga duk 'yan ƙasa".
A zahiri, Lombard ya rubuta, gwamnatin CAR "ta yi rayuwa a cikin koma baya yayin da ta bar hukumomin karkara galibi ga nasu na'urorin". Ta yi zargin cewa Kwamitin Gudanarwa na DDR, wanda aka kafa a 2009 a karkashin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran ayyukan kasa da kasa, ya kwashe lokaci mai yawa "magana da karkatar da hankali", amma bai cim ma komai ba, har ma a matsayin "mambobin kwamitin, da ma'aikatan kasashen waje., ya samu albashi mai gamsarwa”. Lombard ya koka kan gaskiyar cewa bayan hayewar kawancen Seleka a watan Disamba na 2012, "har yanzu 'yan wasan duniya suna ganin DDR a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na kayan aikin samar da zaman lafiya".
A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2014, a cikin wani rahoto, Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya (FIDH) ta ce "an ci gaba da aikata laifuffukan yaƙi da laifuffukan cin zarafin bil adama yayin da rikici na rashin hukunci ya ci gaba" a cikin CAR.
Gargadin kisan kare dangi
A watan Nuwamban 2013, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa kasar na cikin hadarin fadawa cikin kisan kare dangi kuma Faransa ta bayyana kasar a matsayin "... tana gab da yin kisan kare dangi." Tashin hankalin da ke karuwa ya samo asali ne daga hare-haren ramuwar gayya kan fararen hula daga mayakan Seleka galibinsu mayakan Seleka da kuma mayakan sa-kai na Kirista da ake kira " anti-balaka ", ma'ana 'anti-machete' ko 'maganin takobi'. Kirista ya kai rabin yawan al’ummar kasar, sannan musulmi kashi 15 cikin dari, a cewar CIA World Factbook. Kamar yadda yawancin Kiristocin ke da salon zaman kashe wando kuma Musulmai da yawa makiyaya ne, da'awar ƙasar wani bangare ne na tashin hankalin.
Tarihi
Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta sami 'yencin kai daga Faransa a shekara ta 1960, bayan haka an sami abin da kwamitin ceto na kasa da kasa ya kira "shekaru goma na zalunci da rashin bin doka" da kuma abin da Cibiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Berkeley ta bayyana a matsayin "shekaru goma na rashin zaman lafiya na siyasa. gazawar jiha, rashin gudanar da mulki, da jerin tashe-tashen hankula na makami. . . . Kasashe da yawa a duniya suna kulle-kulle cikin yanayin fatara da rikici da barna. Kadan, duk da haka, sun sami kulawa kaɗan kamar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR)." Tarihin zamani na al'ummar kasar ya kasance yana da gwagwarmayar makami tsakanin sojojin gwamnati da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye daban-daban, sau da yawa fiye da daya a lokaci guda, da juyin mulki da yunkurin juyin mulki da dama.
David Dacko, wanda ya kafa jam’iyya daya ba da dadewa ba bayan samun ‘yancin kai, an hambarar da shi a juyin mulki a shekara ta 1965 da Kanar Jean-Bédel Bokassa, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin shugaban kasa na rayuwa a 1972 da Sarkin sarakuna a 1976. Juyin mulki a 1979 da 1981 ya kai ga mulkin soja; An gudanar da zaɓe cikin 'yanci a shekara ta 1993, kuma a shekara ta 2003 Janar Francois Bozize ya karɓi mulki. Bayan shekaru biyu, an zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban kasa a zabukan da aka yi la'akari da su cikin 'yanci da adalci. A cikin shekarun da ya yi yana mulki, gwamnatinsa tana fuskantar barazanar tawaye daga ƙungiyoyin tawaye daban-daban. A ranar 11 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2010 ne ya kamata wa’adinsa ya kare, amma a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu na wannan shekarar ‘yan majalisar dokokin kasar suka amince da gyaran kundin tsarin mulkin kasar wanda ya kara wa’adinsa da nasu. A ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2010, Bozize ya zartar da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da na 'yan majalisa zagaye na farko a cikin Janairu 2011. An gudanar da zabukan a watan Janairu, kuma an sake zaben Bozize.
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama
Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na iya yin aiki a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya tare da wasu 'yan takunkumi a hukumance, amma gwamnati ba ta saba yin la'akari da damuwarsu. Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na cikin gida-haƙƙin ɗan adam sun iyakance ayyukansu kusan a babban birni kawai. Wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun nuna shakku kan rashin kasancewar wata kungiya daya tilo da ta amince da ita a hukumance a kasar, wato Inter-NGO Council in CAR (CIONGCA), wacce wani dan uwan shugaban kasa ke tafiyar da shi. Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na gida masu aiki da inganci sune LCDH (Ligue Centrafricaine des Droits de l'Homme), OCDH (Office centrafricain des Droits de l'Homme), ACAT (l'Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de) la azabtarwa), da AWJ (Ƙungiyar Matan Shari'a). Ko da yake an ba wa ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa izinin gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma galibi dakarun da ke adawa da gwamnati suna yi musu fashi a kan titunan karkara. Saboda tsananin rashin tsaro da ake fama da shi a wasu sassan Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, wasu kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa sun rufe ofisoshinsu a kasar.
Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam da Kyakkyawan Mulki
Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam da kyakkyawan shugabanci ana tuhumarsa da gudanar da bincike kan take hakkin dan Adam da gwamnati ke yi, amma ba shi da ma'aikata da kuma karancin kudade, don haka yana aiki ne kawai a Bangui. Masu suka sun ce ya fi ofishin kare hakkin bil adama na gwamnati . Haka kuma akwai hukumar kare hakkin bil adama a majalisar dokokin kasar, amma ba ta da kudaden da za ta iya cin gashin kanta, kuma ana shakkun cin gashin kanta.
Hakkoki na asali
A karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, duk ’yan Adam suna daidai ba tare da la’akari da dukiya, launin fata, nakasa, harshe, ko jinsi ba. Amma waɗannan tanade-tanaden ba a aiwatar da su yadda ya kamata, kuma ana nuna wariya sosai.
‘Yan sanda ba su da wani tasiri, ba su da kuɗi, kuma ba a biya su ba bisa ka’ida ba, kuma rashin amincewar jama’a a kan su yakan haifar da cin zarafi ga waɗanda ake zargi. Mai yiyuwa ne a shigar da kara a kan jami’an ‘yan sanda saboda cin zarafi, amma ma’aikatan mai gabatar da kara ba su da kayan aikin da za su iya gudanar da kararrakin. Yayin da kungiyar ta BINUCA ke hada kai da kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama, ana sukar ta da rashin kula da cin zarafi a cikin sahu. Ko da yake binciken gidaje ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, yana faruwa. A yayin farmakin da ake kai wa dakarun da ke adawa da gwamnatin kasar, sojoji sun kona gidaje tare da kashe mutanen kauyukan da ake zargi da taimakawa ‘yan tawaye, haka kuma dakarun da ke adawa da gwamnati sun yi garkuwa da fararen hula tare da karbar kudade daga ‘yan uwansu.
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da dokokin kasar sun tabbatar da ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da kuma ‘yan jarida, amma a aikace ana amfani da barazana da tursasawa wajen takaita sukar gwamnati. Ana tuhumar gwamnati da cin zarafin ‘yan jarida da latsa wayarsu. Jaridu na sukar shugaban kasar, amma ba sa samun ko’ina a wajen babban birnin kasar, sakamakon rashin isassun gidan waya mai aiki. Karancin karatu na ƙasar yana iyakance masu sauraron su ma. Kafofin yada labarai na cikin gida masu zaman kansu kan kaucewa yada labaran da ka iya jawo hankalin gwamnati ba tare da jin dadi ba, duk da cewa gidajen rediyon kasa da kasa irin su Rediyon Faransa, wadanda ba su da irin wannan matsin lamba, su ma masu saurare a kasar za su iya karba.
Gidan Talabijin a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya yanki ne na gwamnati, wanda galibin labaran da ake yadawa ya karkata ga gwamnati. Babbar Majalisar Sadarwa (HCC), wacce ke da alhakin ba da lasisin bugawa da watsa shirye-shirye da kuma kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, ana zargin tana da zaman kanta, amma wani bangare na gwamnati ne kuma aka ce tana karkashin ikon gwamnati. Tasirin kafafen yada labarai ya raunana saboda matsalolin kudi, gazawar sana'a, da rashin samun bayanan jihar. Ba a ba da izinin masu ba da rahoto na kafofin watsa labaru na sirri su ba da izinin ɗaukar wasu abubuwan da suka faru a hukumance, kuma galibi dole ne su dogara ga fitar da manema labarai.
A shekarar 2010, an yi wa wata mai daukar hoto duka, yi mata fashi, da kuma yi mata fyade a gaban ‘ya’yanta da mijinta, amma ba a kama kowa ba. Wasu manyan jami’an kasar sun yi barazana ga ‘yan jaridar da ke sukar gwamnati. Yawancin ’yan jarida na yin katsalandan ne saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya na gwamnati. Tun daga shekara ta 2005 babu wani bincike a hukumance kuma ba a daure shi saboda bata suna, ko da yake har yanzu batanci ko batanci yana da tarar CFA miliyan takwas ($16,000). Ba bisa ka'ida ba don yada abubuwan da ake zaton "misogynist." Ba a ƙuntatawa ko kulawa da amfani da Intanet, kodayake ƴan tsirarun mutane ne kawai a ƙasar ke da damar Intanet.
Duk da cewa an tabbatar da ‘yancin yin taro a kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, amma a wasu lokuta ana takurawa, inda ake bukatar masu shirya tarurrukan jama’a su yi rajistar sa’o’i 48 kafin su. Taron siyasa yana buƙatar amincewar gwamnati kuma maiyuwa ba za a gudanar da shi a makarantu ko majami'u ba. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya kuma ba da tabbacin ‘yancin yin tarayya, duk da cewa dole ne dukkan kungiyoyi su nemi rajista, wadanda galibi ake ba su ba tare da bata lokaci ba.
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ya ba da kariya, kuma gwamnati gabaɗaya tana mutunta ƴancin addini, kuma ta hana nuna son zuciya. Akwai wasu wariya na al'umma, duk da haka, a cikin ƙasar, wanda kashi 51 cikin dari na Furotesta ne, kashi 29 cikin dari na Roman Katolika, kashi 15 cikin 100 Musulmai, tare da adadi mai yawa na mutanen da ke aikata mugunta. Maita, wanda har zuwa kwanan nan ya kasance babban laifi, a yanzu ana daure shi daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari da tara. Ya rage na alkalai su yanke shawarar ko wanda ake tuhuma ya "yi hali kamar mayya." Kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba na asali ba dole ne su yi rajista da hukumomi, kuma don samun amincewar gwamnati don gudanar da aiki dole ne su sami mambobi sama da 1000 kuma dole ne su sami shugabanni wadanda horarwar tauhidi jihar ta amince da su a matsayin halal. Ƙungiyoyin addini suna da damar yin watsa shirye-shirye kyauta a kowane mako a gidan rediyon hukuma.
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya ba da tabbacin ‘yancin zirga-zirga a cikin kasar, tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje, hijira da kuma komawa gida, amma biyun farko an takaita su a aikace, inda jami’ai ke neman cin hanci a shingayen bincike. Kwace barace-barace a kan tituna ba bisa ka'ida ba na hana kasuwanci da tafiye-tafiye, don haka ya gurgunta tattalin arzikin kasa. 'Yancin motsi kuma yana da wahala a yankunan da ake rikici. Kasashen waje, ban da jami'an diflomasiyya, dole ne su sami takardar izinin fita don ficewa daga kasar, kuma hakan na iya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa ba su da kudi ga gwamnati.
Dakarun gwamnati sukan yi kisan gilla ba bisa ka'ida ba. Akwai ‘yan fashi da makami da dama da masu adawa da gwamnati wadanda kuma suke kashewa tare da yin garkuwa da fararen hula. Sannan akwai wadanda suke kashe mutane wadanda suke zargin matsafa ne ko matsafa. Kundin tsarin mulki ya haramta azabtarwa amma azabtar da wadanda ake tuhuma, da wadanda ake tsare da su, da fursunoni ya zama ruwan dare. Sojojin da ke adawa da gwamnati su ma suna da alhakin cin zarafi da yawa. Sojoji da sauran dakarun gwamnati na yi wa fararen hula fyade. Cin hanci da rashawa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, amma ba a aiwatar da dokokin da aka kafa da su yadda ya kamata, kuma bankin duniya ya bayyana cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati a matsayin babbar matsala a kasar. Kudaden jama’a ana karkatar da su akai-akai.
Haƙƙoƙin mata
Fyade haramun ne, amma ba fyaden ma'aurata ba. Babu mafi ƙarancin hukunci na fyade, kuma ba a aiwatar da dokar da ta dace da ita yadda ya kamata. A shekara ta 2010, babbar jami'ar MDD mai kula da kare hakkin bil'adama Pillay ta yi kira da a dauki matakin gaggawa don mayar da martani ga cin zarafin mata da ake yi wa fyade, wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Ɗaya daga cikin mata bakwai da aka yi hira da su don nazarin 2009 ya ruwaito cewa an yi mata fyade a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, kuma masu binciken sun ji cewa suna da dalilin yin imani da cewa gaskiyar lamarin fyade ya fi girma. Kashi 22 cikin 100 na matan da aka yi binciken sun ce wani dan gidansu ya yi musu mugun duka. Cin zarafin jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kuma na kowa, amma ba a magance shi yadda ya kamata, kuma babu wani hukunci da aka kayyade. Yayin da mata ke samun daidaiton rabon gado da haƙƙin mallaka a ƙarƙashin dokar farar hula, galibi ana fuskantar dokokin al'ada na wariya musamman a yankunan karkara.
Mata suna fuskantar wariya na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Mata marasa aure ba a daukarsu a matsayin shugabannin gidaje, kuma galibi ana hana su tallafin iyali wanda ake zaton suna da hakki. Haka kuma an hana su damar samun ilimi da ayyukan yi daidai gwargwado. Hakkokin saki suna da daidaito, duk da haka. Mata da yawa, musamman wadanda suka tsufa sosai kuma ba su da iyali, ana zarginsu da zama mayu. A shekara ta 2010, babbar jami’ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai kula da ‘yancin ɗan adam Pillay ta bayyana damuwa game da zargin da ake yi wa mata, da kama su, ko kuma a kai musu hari saboda mayu. Tattaunawar kasa da gwamnati ta shirya a shekara ta 2003, ta gabatar da shawarar cewa mata su rike kashi 35 na mukamai a ma’aikatu da jam’iyyu, amma ba a cimma wannan buri ba.
Haƙƙoƙin yara
Yaran da aka haifa a cikin ƙasa ko kuma iyayen da ke cikinta suna da damar zama ɗan ƙasa. Kimanin rabin yara ba su da rajista, wanda zai iya haifar da hana samun ilimi ko wasu ayyuka. Ilimi ya wajaba har zuwa shekara 15. Koyarwa kyauta ce, amma littattafai, kayayyaki, sufuri, da inshora ba. Ana hana ‘ya’ya mata damar zuwa makarantar firamare daidai wa daida, kuma su kan daina zuwa makaranta da wuri saboda matsa musu su yi aure da haihuwa. Kadan daga cikin Ba'aka (Aliyu) suke zuwa makarantar firamare; gwamnati ba ta yi wani yunkuri na canza wannan ba. Cin zarafin yara ba bisa ka'ida ba ne amma ya yadu, kamar yadda FGM ke faruwa. Ko da yake mafi ƙarancin shekarun auren jama'a shine 18, kashi sittin da ɗaya na 'yan mata suna aure kafin 18. Babu wata doka da ta haramta yin fyade ko kallon batsa na yara. Yin aikin yara ya zama ruwan dare, yawancin abin tilastawa. Ana amfani da yara a matsayin sojoji, tare da rahotannin yara kanana 'yan kasa da shekaru 12 da ke aiki a dakarun adawa da gwamnati.
Akwai sama da yara kan titi 6000 tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 18. “Masana da yawa sun gaskata cewa cutar HIV/AIDS da kuma imani da sihiri, musamman a yankunan karkara, sun taimaka wajen yawaitar yara kanana a titi,” in ji Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2011. “Kimanin yara 300,000 ne suka rasa iyayensu daya ko kuma duka biyu daga kamuwa da cutar kanjamau, kuma yaran da ake zargi da yin sihiri (sau da yawa ana bayar da rahoton cewa suna da alaka da mace-macen da ke da alaka da cutar kanjamau a unguwanninsu) galibi ana korarsu daga gidajensu, kuma a wasu lokutan ana cin zarafin al’umma. ." Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ba ta cikin yarjejeniyar Hague ta 1980 kan al'amuran farar hula na satar yara na duniya. Kungiyoyin da ke adawa da gwamnati da dama na yin garkuwa da yara tare da rike su domin neman kudin fansa. Ana kuma tilasta wa wasu yaran yin aiki a matsayin bayi na jima'i, a matsayin ƴan dako ɗauke da kayan sata na 'yan fashi, ko kuma a matsayin masu aikin gona da ma'adinai (musamman a aikin haƙar lu'u-lu'u ).
A watan Janairun 2013, UNICEF ta yi kira ga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da ta daina daukar yara kanana daga kungiyoyin ‘yan tawaye da masu goyon bayan gwamnati, lura da rahotannin baya-bayan nan da ke cewa irin wadannan kungiyoyi na cikin shirin daukar yara. Tun kafin barkewar sabon tashin hankali a watan Disamba, UNICEF ta nuna cewa, "kimanin yara 2,500 - mata da maza - suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai, ciki har da kungiyoyin kare kai, a cikin CAR." UNICEF ta kara da cewa, sama da yara 300,000 ne rikicin kasar ta CAR ya rigaya ya shafa da kuma sakamakonsa, wadanda suka hada da daukar ma'aikata, raba iyali, cin zarafin mata, tilastawa gudun hijira da karancin damar samun ilimi da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.
Hakkokin 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka
Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya tana da tsarin taimaka wa 'yan gudun hijira, kuma a aikace tana kare su daga mayar da su kasashen da rayuwarsu ko 'yancinsu za su shiga cikin hadari saboda wasu dalilai. Ana karbar 'yan gudun hijira ba tare da tantancewa ba, kuma gwamnati na hada kai da UNHCR da sauran kungiyoyi, ciki har da Doctors without Borders, Caritas, International Medical Corps, da kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Cooperazione Internazionale (COOPI), don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar.
Haƙƙoƙin tsiraru
Rikicin da ake yi wa Mbororo ya zama ruwan dare, kuma a wasu lokuta suna samun matsala wajen tabbatar da ayyukan gwamnati. Ba’Aka (Pygmies), waɗanda ke da kashi 1-2 na al’ummar ƙasar, ba su da wakilci a cikin gwamnati kuma ba su da ikon siyasa. Bambancin al'umma ga Ba'Aka yana da mahimmanci, kuma gwamnati ba ta yi komai ba don hana shi. Ba a ba su katunan shaida, don haka ana hana su wasu haƙƙoƙi da ayyuka. Wasu daga cikin Ba’Aka bayi ne da ya dace, kuma dukkansu ‘yan kasa ne masu daraja ta biyu.
Hakkokin nakasassu
Wariya ga nakasassu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kuma dole ne a kashe wani kaso na membobin ma'aikatan gwamnati da ma'aikata a manyan kamfanoni. Bambancin al'umma ba matsala ba ne, amma ba a ba da izinin isa ga gine-gine ba. Galibin nakasassu a kasar na faruwa ne sakamakon cutar shan inna.
Haƙƙin LGBT
Halin luwadi da madigo a bainar jama'a yana da hukuncin daurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari da tara, amma da alama gwamnati ba ta kai hari ga 'yan luwadi ba.
Hakkin HIV/AIDS
Mutanen da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau su ne abubuwan wariya, amma hakan ya ragu saboda kokarin da hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke yi na kara wayar da kan jama'a.
Haƙƙoƙin Ɗaurarru
Doka ta hana kamawa da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ta tanadi hukunta masu aikata laifuka cikin gaggawa; amma galibi ana yin watsi da wadannan tanade-tanade, kuma masu lura da al’amura na nuni da cewa kama mutane ba bisa ka’ida ba shi ne “hakin da jami’an tsaro suka saba yi” a shekarar 2010. Akwai wasu wa’adin da aka yi wa fursunonin a cikin su a sanar da wadanda ake tuhuma game da tuhume-tuhumen da kuma gabatar da su a gaban alkali, amma a aikace ba a mutunta wa’adin. Yakamata gwamnati ta samar da lauyoyi ga wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu, kuma akwai yuwuwar beli, kuma ana mutunta wadannan tanade-tanade. Mutanen da ake zargi da aikata laifuffukan cin zarafin jami'an tsaron jihar suna bin wasu tsauraran ka'idoji. Ana kama mutane da yawa ana tuhumar su da aikata sihiri, wanda hakan babban laifi ne. A cikin 2010, jami'an gidan yari a Bangui sun ce kusan kashi 18 cikin 100 na matan da ake tsare da su an kama su da laifin maita.
Tsawancin tsarewa gabanin shari'a babbar matsala ce. Fursunonin da ake tsare da su kafin shari’a sun kai kusan kashi 67 na al’ummar gidan yarin Ngaragba a karshen shekarar 2010 da kuma kashi 63 na al’ummar gidan yarin na Bimbo. Ko da yake galibin fursunonin suna nan take sanar da su tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi musu, amma da yawa suna jira na tsawon watanni kafin a gurfanar da su gaban alkali, wasu kuma ana tsare da su tsawon shekaru ba tare da an gurfanar da su a gaban shari’a ba saboda matsalolin da suka shafi aikin gwamnati. Ana yawan azabtar da wadanda ake zargi da aikata laifuka kuma ba a hukunta su. Daga cikin nau'ikan azabtarwa da 'yan sanda ke yi akwai "le cafe," wanda ya hada da bugun tafin kafar mutum da sanda ko sanda sannan kuma a tilasta wa mutumin ya yi tafiya.
Haƙƙoƙin mutanen da ake shari'a
Kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ya ba da tabbacin samun tsarin shari'a mai cin gashin kansa, amma kotuna na fuskantar tasirin bangaren zartarwa. Babbar jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai kula da kare hakkin bil'adama Pillay ta bayyana damuwarta game da hakan a shekara ta 2010, ko da yake ta yaba da sake fasalin dokokin da Majalisar Dokokin kasar ta yi da za ta inganta 'yancin shari'a da kuma karfafa kokarin tabbatar da cin zarafin bil'adama.
Rashin iya aiki, rashin iya aiki, jinkirin biyan albashi, da rashin kayan aiki duk manyan matsalolin shari’a ne. Kasancewar kotuna 38 da alkalai 124 kacal a kasar, yawancin ‘yan kasar ba sa samun sauki wajen gudanar da harkokin shari’a, sakamakon haka kotunan iyali da na kauye ke ci gaba da taka rawa sosai. Haka kuma rashin ingancin kotuna ya sa jama’a su dauki doka a hannunsu, suna rike da kotunan cikin gida, da daukaka kara ga sarakunan yankin, da yin shari’a ga ’yan iska, musamman a shari’o’in da suka shafi wadanda ake zargi da maita.
Shari'ar laifuka ta juri ne, kuma wadanda ake tuhuma suna da irin wannan haƙƙoƙin kamar zato na rashin laifi, shari'ar jama'a, 'yancin halarta, gani da gabatar da shaida, samun mai kare jama'a, da ɗaukaka ƙara. Gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin, kuma tana ba da lauyoyi ga waɗanda ake tuhuma waɗanda ba za su iya ba da lauyoyi da kansu ba, amma ƙarancin albarkatun gwamnati yakan haifar da jinkirin ba da lauyoyi, kuma Ba’aka (Alhazai) galibi suna fuskantar shari’a marasa adalci. ‘Yancin yin shari’a na gaskiya yakan fuskanci cin hanci da rashawa, inda lauyoyi ke biyan alkalan kudaden da suka dace. Ana gwada shari'ar maita akai-akai.
Haƙƙoƙin fursunoni
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta bayyana yanayin kurkuku a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya a matsayin "mai tsananin tsauri kuma, a wasu lokuta, yana yin barazana ga rayuwa," tare da gidajen yari a wajen babban birnin "mafi muni" fiye da na cikinsa. Fursunonin suna fuskantar azabtarwa da sauran nau'ikan zalunci da wulakanci. Tsaftar muhalli, samun iska, hasken wuta, da samar da ruwa ba su da inganci, haka ma kula da lafiya. Cunkoso babbar matsala ce.
Iyalan gidan yarin dai na bukatar samar da abinci don karawa da karancin abinci da gidajen yarin ke bayarwa, sannan wasu gidajen yarin da ke wajen babban birnin kasar ba sa ba da abinci ga fursunoni da kuma neman cin hancin da za su mika wa fursunonin abinci daga iyalan gidan. Ana barin fursunonin baƙi kuma an ba su izinin yin ibada, kodayake baƙi dole ne su ba da cin hanci. Sau da yawa ana tilasta wa fursunonin yin aiki ba tare da albashi ba. A wasu gidajen yari, ana tsare maza da mata tare, haka ma manya da matasa, kuma ana tsare wadanda ake tsare da su kafin a yanke musu hukunci tare da masu laifi.
Cibiyoyin tsare mutane suna fama da matsalolin da suka fi na gidajen yari, kodayake iri ɗaya ne. Fair Trials International ta yi ishara da "mummunan halin da ake ciki na kare hakkin bil'adama a kasar ciki har da yanayi mai tsauri da barazanar rayuwa a wuraren da ake tsare da ita." A cewar ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, "Cibiyoyin tsare 'yan sandan na Bangui sun kunshi cunkoson dakunan dakunan da ba su da haske da kuma bokitin ban daki." Ba a samun magani, kuma fursunonin da ke fama da cututtuka ba a raba su da wasu. Maimakon gadaje, wadanda ake zargin yawanci suna kwana akan benen siminti ko datti. Masu gadi suna buƙatar cin hanci don ruwa, abinci, shawa, da ziyarta. Wurin da ake tsarewa ɗaya ba ta da tagogi ko bandaki; a wani wurin, fursunonin suna barci a ɗaure tare. Ziyarar gidajen yari na masu sa ido kan kare hakkin dan adam an hana su, an hana su, ko jinkiri na makonni ko watanni, kodayake kwamitin Red Cross na kasa da kasa yana da damar shiga fursunoni mara iyaka. 
Haƙƙin ma'aikata
Duk ma'aikata, ban da manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati da jami'an tsaro, na iya shiga kungiyoyin kwadago, yajin aiki, da yin ciniki tare. Yin aikin tilastawa haramun ne, amma wannan haramcin ba a aiwatar da shi yadda ya kamata. Ana tilasta mata da yara yin aiki a gonaki, a cikin ma'adinai, gidajen abinci, da sauran wurare, kuma suna fuskantar lalata. Ba’aka manya da yara galibi ana tilasta musu yin aiki a gonaki da sauran wurare kuma ana yi da su a matsayin bayi.
Kusan rabin yaran dake tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 14 a kasar suna aiki, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin ma'adinai. Kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a yi wa yara aiki a ma'adinai, wannan haramcin ba a aiwatar da shi ba. Yawancin yara 3000 ko fiye da haka a kan titi a Bangui suna aiki a matsayin masu sayar da titi. Sojojin da ke adawa da gwamnati na amfani da kananan yara sojoji, kuma yaran da suka rasa muhallansu na aiki na tsawon sa'o'i a filayen cikin yanayi na tsananin zafi.
Akwai mafi ƙarancin albashi daban-daban a cikin fage na yau da kullun, ya danganta da nau'in kalmar da ke ciki. Bangaren da ba na yau da kullun ba ya ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin mafi ƙarancin albashi. A kowane hali, mafi ƙarancin albashi bai isa ba don samar da ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa. Akwai madaidaitan makonnin aiki da ma'auni daban-daban na aiki na hukuma da dokokin lafiya da aminci, amma ba a aiwatar da su ba.
'Yancin magana
An yi magana game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a cikin kundin tsarin mulki; duk da haka, an sha samun tarzoma na tsoratar da gwamnati da nufin takaita sukar kafafen yada labarai. Rahoton da Hukumar Bincike da Musanya ta kafofin watsa labarai na dorewa ta lura da cewa 'ƙasar ba ta cika cika buƙatu ba, tare da sassan tsarin shari'a da gwamnati da ke adawa da tsarin watsa labarai mai 'yanci."
Halin tarihi
Taswirar tana nuna ƙimar CAR tun 1972 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba".
Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya
Matsayin CAR game da yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa sune kamar haka:
Duba kuma
'Yancin addini a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Fataucin mutane a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Binciken Intanet da sa ido a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Hakkokin LGBT a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya
Siyasar Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya
Bayanan kula
1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.
2. ^ Tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairu.
3. ^ Rahoton na 1982 ya shafi shekara ta 1981 da rabi na farko na 1982, kuma rahoton na 1984 mai zuwa ya shafi rabin na biyu na 1982 da kuma gaba ɗaya 1983. Don samun sauƙi, waɗannan rahotannin "shekaru da rabi" guda biyu masu banƙyama an raba su zuwa rahotanni na tsawon shekaru uku ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
Nassoshi
Hakki
Hakkin tsaro
Yancin dan Adam a Afrika
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
37118 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls%20Cot | Girls Cot | Girls Cot fim ne na 2006 na Najeriya wanda Sylvester Obadigie ya shirya kuma Afam Okereke ya ba da umarni. Fim din ya hada da Genevieve Nnaji, Rita Dominic da Ini Edo.
Labari
Fim din ya nuna irin gwagwarmayar da ‘yan matan jami’a ke yi na ci gaba da rayuwa ta hanyar karyata wanzuwarsu. Jarumin ya yi karyar cewa ita diyar mataimakin shugaban kasa ce kuma ta koma tare da manyan mutane wanda a karshe ya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa.
Haduwa
Shekaru goma sha uku da fitowar fim din, manyan jaruman mata hudu sun yi wani taro domin murnar fitowar fim din. Taron ya samu halartar fitattun jarumai irin su Dbanj, Stephanie Okereke-Linus, Osas Ighodaro, Najite Dede da sauransu.
Manazarta |
9232 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somolu | Somolu | Somolu Karamar hukuma ce dake a Jihar Lagos, Nijeriya.
Kananan hukumomin jihar Lagos |
32147 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamal%20Arago | Jamal Arago | Jamal Arago (an haife shi ranar 28 ga watan Agustan, 1993) a Ghana. ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin baya na hagu ga ƙungiyar Azerbaijan ta Sabail. yana bugawa tawagar kasar Laberiya wasa.
Aiki
A cikin shekarar 2009, Arago ya lashe gasar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta MTN Soccer Academy. Bayan haka, ya shiga makarantar matasa na kungiyar Dutch FC Twente.
Daga nan sai ya rattaba hannu a kan Atromitos a babban jirgin Girka.
Kafin rabin na biyu na 2015-16, Arago ya sanya hannu kan kulob din Kosovan Gjilani . A shekarar 2016, ya rattaba hannu a AC Kajaani a Finland.
A cikin shekara ta 2021, ya rattaba hannu kan tawagar Azerbaijan Sabail . A ranar 14 ga
watan Agusta, shekarar 2021, Arago ya yi muhawara don Sabail yayin nasara da ci 1-0 akan Sabah (Azerbaijan) .
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An haife shi a Ghana, Arago dan asalin Laberiya ne ta hanyar kakarsa. Ya fara buga wa tawagar kasar Laberiya a wasan da Najeriya ta sha kashi a hannun Najeriya da ci 2-0 2022 na neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 2021.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Jamal Arago at playmakerstats.com
Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
27079 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwajin%20COVID-19%20Cikin%20Saurin%20Antigen | Gwajin COVID-19 Cikin Saurin Antigen | Gwajin saurin antigen na COVID-19, wanda kuma akai-akai ake kira COVID-19 gwaje-gwajen kwarara ta gefe, gwaje-gwajen saurin antigen ne da ake amfani da su don gano kamuwa da cutar SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19 ). Suna saurin aiwatarwa tare da ƙaramin horo, suna ba da fa'idodin tsada, farashi kaɗan na sauran nau'ikan gwajin COVID-19 kuma suna ba masu amfani sakamako a cikin mintuna 5-30. Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen antigen cikin sauri a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a zaman wani ɓangare na gwajin taro ko hanyoyin tantance yawan jama'a. Ana tsammanin suna da mahimmanci don gano mutanen da ke da asymptomatic kuma suna iya yada cutar zuwa wasu mutane, waɗanda ba za su san sun kamu da cutar ba. Wannan ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan gwaji na COVID-19, kamar PCR, waɗanda galibi ana ganin su zama gwaji mai amfani ga mutane masu alama, saboda suna da haɓakar hankali kuma suna iya gano lokuta daidai.
Tarihin ci gaban fasahar gwaji na saurin COVID-19
Gwaje-gwaje masu sauri don COVID-19 sun fito daga manyan saka hannun jari ta shirin Burtaniya Moonshot mai rikitarwa, shirin £ 100 biliyan don tantance tsari, haɓakawa da aiwatar da sabbin fasahohi don gwajin COVID-19. Rapid gwaje-gwaje da farko zauna a cikin wannan din kimantawa bututun dab da yawa wasu putative COVID-19 gwaji da fasahohi kamar fitila, Lampore, batu na kula PCR, taro spectrometry da samfurin pooling. Koyaya, yayin da aka ci gaba da kimantawa, gwaje-gwaje masu sauri sun fito a matsayin mafi nasara nau'in gwajin COVID-19 a cikin wannan shirin don dacewa da gwajin PCR na yanzu.
Jagorar kasa da kasa don amfani da fasahar gwajin saurin COVID-19 da haɓakawa
Dalilin farko na kimiyya don yuwuwar amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri da jagorar duniya don haɓaka fasahar gwaji cikin sauri an haɓaka ta hanyar jagorar wucin gadi daga WHO wacce ta nuna fa'idodin da za a iya samu. Rahoton ya lura cewa gwaje-gwajen gaggawa sun fi sauƙin aiwatarwa, kuma suna da fa'idodi masu tsada. Hukumar ta WHO ta ba da shawarar amfani da su wajen barkewar cutar, don gano cutar da wuri da kuma sa ido kan yanayin cututtuka. Daga baya, kuma daga baya ga ƙungiyar nazarin da ke ƙaruwa da sauri, wannan shawarar ta fadada ta Hukumar Turai. Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da fasahar gwaji cikin sauri don tantance yawan jama'a inda adadin ingancin gwajin ya yi girma ko kuma ya yi yawa. Ya zuwa Janairu 2021, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta amince da karfafa matsayinsu, tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri, lura da cewa "ya kamata bincike ya tabbatar da cewa gwajin antigen mai sauri na iya gudanar da gwajin da kansu .... Gwajin kai tare da ko ba tare da jagorar kwararru ba. kuma za a iya la'akari."
Karatun Farko
Ofaya daga cikin ingantaccen binciken don gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri an kammala ta Lafiyar Jama'a Ingila, Jami'ar Oxford da Jami'ar Manchester, kuma Farfesa Richard Body da Dr Lennard Lee suka ƙaddamar. An kaddamar da binciken Falcon-C19 a cikin kwanaki uku a ranar 17 ga Satumba. An dauki majiyyaci na farko a filin wasa na Manchester City Etihad carpark a sabuwar cibiyar gwajin COVID-19. Binciken ya haɓaka cikin sauri har ya haɗa da wuraren bincike na al'umma 14 a duk faɗin Burtaniya. An rufe binciken ne a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, bayan kammala gwajin mutane 878. Binciken ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin binciken bincike na COVID-19 mafi sauri a Burtaniya a cikin ƙasar. Binciken ya ba da tabbataccen shaida cewa na'urorin gwaji masu sauri sun iya ɗaukar sakamako mai kyau tare da daidaito mai girma. Jimlar gwaje-gwaje masu sauri guda 4, gami da Innova SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Qualitative Test da Orientgene COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette, an inganta su a cikin wannan binciken, ta amfani da samfuran swab daga duka alamomi da masu asymptomatic.
A daidai lokacin da ake fitar da bincike na wucin gadi na wannan binciken na Burtaniya, Amurka ta tabbatar da cewa za a sayi gwaje-gwajen gaggawa miliyan 100 daga Abbott kuma za a tura su a duk fadin kasar don fara irin wannan karatun na Amurka, don kammala karatun da Jami'ar Oxford ta fara.
Nazarin ƙima a duk faɗin duniya
A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Slovakia ta zama ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ta fara gwajin yawan jama'a ta hanyar amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri. Ma’aikata 60,000 ne suka yi gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri miliyan biyar waɗanda suka yi amfani da gwajin antigen SD Biosensor kuma suka yi swabbing a kan jama'a. Wannan ya sa Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta ba da shawarar a yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a matsayin wani ɓangare na tantance yawan jama'a. Nazarin bincike guda biyu da aka buga a farkon 2021, ɗaya daga farfesa Martin Kahanec daga Jami'ar Turai ta Tsakiya da mawallafinsa da kuma wani na Martin Pavelka daga Makarantar Tsabtace & Magungunan Tropical na London da ƙungiyarsa sun ba da shawarar cewa tasirin guguwar kaka na saurin antigen. gwajin da aka yi a Slovakia ya taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar a kasar, kodayake a cewar tsohon binciken sakamakon gwajin yawan jama'a kan cutar na wucin gadi ne kuma ya fara bazuwa bayan kimanin makonni biyu.
Burtaniya ta ci gaba da ci gaba da shirin ci gaban gwaji cikin sauri ta hanyar amfani da gwajin sauri na Innova, tare da haɓaka cikin gaggawa yayin da shari'o'in COVID-19 ke ƙaruwa a duk faɗin Turai. A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, Firayim Minista, Boris Johnson ya fara aikin tantance Liverpool a duk faɗin birni a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɓakar fasahar fasaha. An kuma ƙaddamar da ƙarin fadada matukan gwaje-gwaje masu sauri a sassa da yawa waɗanda ba a taɓa yin gwajin ba. Wadannan sun hada da dalibai a Jami'o'in da suka yi fama da barkewar cutar. Wannan da farko ya fara ne a Jami'ar Durham wanda ke da abubuwan more rayuwa da ƙwarewa don gudanar da shirin gwaji cikin sauri, amma an faɗaɗa yawancin Jami'o'in Burtaniya kuma ya ba da damar tsarin ƙaura na ƙasa don samun ɗalibai a gida lafiya don Kirsimeti. An kuma aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a cikin Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa don ma'aikata don rage yiwuwar watsawa ga marasa lafiya, ƙananan hukumomi da gidajen kulawa don ba da damar ziyartar mazauna. A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2020, Wales ta kammala gwajin gabaɗayan gundumar farko a Merthyr Tydfil. A wannan lokacin, an kuma aiwatar da gwaji a duk makarantu a cikin Amurka don ɗalibai masu alamun cutar da kuma cikin gidajen kulawa na Portuguese da makarantu.
Sashen gaggawa na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ne ya ƙaddamar da ƙoƙarin duniya don haɓaka kimanta gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri wanda ya ƙaddamar da babban aikin aiwatar da gwajin cutar cikin sauri a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, tare da taimakon yarjejeniya daga gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates wanda ke iyakance farashin don Kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga.
Austria ta fara gwajin jama'a a fadin kasar a ranar 5 ga Disamba kuma ta ba da umarnin gwaje-gwaje miliyan bakwai da suka kunshi gwajin SD Biosensor da Siemens Clinitest (aka Orientgene).
A tsakiyar watan Disamba, an yi nazari da yawa da ke tabbatar da inganci da nasarar amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu sauri don gano mutane da COVID-19 ciki har da karatu a cikin Netherlands, United Kingdom, da Amurka. Waɗannan karatun duk sun ba da damar gwaje-gwaje masu sauri don shiga daidaitattun dabarun gwajin COVID-19 na ƙasa. Gwajin gwaje-gwajen gaggawa na duniya yanzu ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a makarantu a Kanada, wuraren balaguro a Indonesia, da kuma cikin Indiya.
Damuwa game da amfani
Mutane da yawa sun tayar da damuwar cewa daidaiton gwaje-gwaje masu sauri ba su da kyau kamar yadda ake yin gwajin COVID-19 na PCR. Bayanan da aka fitar daga allon babban birni na Burtaniya a Liverpool sun nuna cewa sojojin da suka yi gwajin gwajin sun sami aikin gwajin kwararrun masana kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje, bin wasu matukan jirgi a Indiya. Wannan ya haifar da ƙananan batutuwa a cikin al'ummar kimiyya-psychological inda aka yi muhawara game da ko gwaje-gwaje masu sauri na iya haifar da tabbatacciyar ƙarya da canji a ɗabi'a. Koyaya, an tabbatar da canjin tunani game da amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu sauri bayan buga daga Amurka. Farfesa Michael Mina ya yi hasashen cewa har yanzu gwaje-gwaje masu sauri za su kasance da amfani yayin da aka gano masu kamuwa da cuta, da fa'idodin da aka samu daga maimaita gwajin sauri da samun sakamako cikin sauri fiye da sauran nau'ikan gwaji. Babbar jami'ar kula da lafiya ta Burtaniya, Dokta Susan Hopkins, ta kuma lura cewa gwaje-gwaje masu sauri sun samar da hanyar gano "mutanen da ... ba za mu iya samu ba".
Da yake lura da ikon gano lamura cikin sauri, da kuma la'akari da ci gaba da tabarbarewar lamura a Turai, hukumar ta Tarayyar Turai ta gana a ranar 11 ga Disamba kuma ta samar da tsarin gama gari na Turai don "amfani, tabbatarwa da fahimtar juna na gwaje-gwaje masu sauri", da aiwatar da Yuro miliyan 100 don siyan gwaje-gwaje daga Roche da Abbott . Stella Kyriakides, kwamishiniyar Lafiya da Kariyar Abinci ta ce "Gwajin maganin antigen cikin sauri yana ba mu sauri, dogaro da martani mai sauri don ware lokuta na COVID. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don rage yaduwar cutar."
Wasu mutane sun nuna damuwa game da jinkirin ɗaukar nauyi da jigilar gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri da yuwuwar asarar rayuka da ka iya faruwa a sakamakon. Wata ƙungiyar ilimi daga Kanada ta lura cewa rabin mace-mace a gidajen kulawa a farkon farkon cutar za a iya hana su ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri.
Amincewa da tsarin duniya don amfani don gwajin COVID-19
Bayan nasarar binciken da yawa a duk duniya don nazarin gwaje-gwaje masu sauri daga watan Agustan 2020, ƙungiyoyin da ke da tsari a duk faɗin duniya sun amince da gwaje-gwaje masu sauri a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun amfani da gwaji a matsayin "sabuwar hanyar magance cutar". A ranar 16 ga Disamba, FDA ta zama hukuma ta farko don amincewa da gwajin saurin Abbott. An ba da izini na gaba don gwajin gida na Ellume COVID-19.
Health Canada kuma ta amince da gwaje-gwajen gaggawa tare da mai ba su shawara, Farfesa David Juncter tare da lura da "mafi kyawun gwaje-gwaje masu sauri suna da inganci sosai wajen gano masu kamuwa da cuta" kuma kwararre kan cututtukan cututtuka Jean Longtin yana mai cewa "Zai ba mu damar yin sauri fiye da kwayar cutar kuma mu nemo cutar. tuntuɓar mutum a cikin awa ɗaya ko biyu, maimakon jira awa 24".
MHRA ta Burtaniya ta tabbatar da amincewarsu da gwajin gaggawar Innova don gwajin amfani da kai a ranar 23 ga Disamba. Bayan nasarar da aka samu a duniya na wannan ci gaba na gwaje-gwajen gaggawa na duniya, Sir John Bell, Farfesa Regius a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Oxford ya ce "Gwajin da sauri ya kasance babban abin kariya daga cutar sankara saboda suna da sauri, arha kuma ana samun su don maimaita amfani da su. A cikin watan Yuni 2021, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna a Amurka ta ba da sanarwar Tunawa da Class 1 na Innova LFT saboda rashin daidaiton su.
Gwaje-gwaje masu sauri a matsayin "komawa ga al'ada"
Spain ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri don sauƙaƙe komawa zuwa al'ada tare da gwaje-gwajen gaggawa da ake samu a cikin kantin magani, da kuma wasan kide-kide na kiɗan kyauta da aka gudanar a Barcelona ga mutanen da suka yi gwajin sauri. An ɗauki irin wannan hanya a Albaniya don ba da damar bukukuwan kiɗa. Koyaya, ƙwararrun masana da yawa ba su da tabbas game da wannan hanyar suna gaskanta cewa "gwajin gaggawa ba shine mafita don sake farawa rayuwa ta al'ada ba" amma ana iya amfani dashi tare da wasu mahimman matakan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta kamar sa PPE mai dacewa, wanke hannu akai-akai da zamantakewa. nisantar ba da damar mutane su sami wannan muhimmin lokacin tare da waɗanda suke ƙauna yayin da suke taimakawa don kiyaye su.
Sabbin nau'ikan COVID-19
A ranar 22 ga Disamba, 2020, an gano wani sabon nau'in cutar SARS-CoV-2 a cikin Burtaniya, VOC-202012/01 . Nauyin ya bazu cikin sauri a duniya. Tare da yaɗuwar amfani da wannan nau'i na gwajin COVID-19 a duniya, akwai damuwa cewa wannan bambance-bambancen zai sa gwajin sauri ya ƙare. A matsayin wani ɓangare na haɓaka fasahar fasahar Burtaniya ta haɓaka kwararar ruwa, a cikin sa'o'i 24, dakunan gwaje-gwajen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Ingila sun sami damar tabbatar da gwajin saurin ci gaban duniya bai shafa ba kuma suna iya gano sabon bambance-bambancen. Wannan saboda saurin gwajin gabaɗaya yana hari akan furotin nucleocapsid ne ba furotin mai karu ba. Wasu nau'ikan ko da yake, kwanan nan an gano su waɗanda ke shafar wasu saurin gwaji har zuwa ninki 1000. Abin farin ciki, yawan waɗannan maye gurbi na nucleocapsid (musamman D399N) har yanzu yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin duniya a ~ 0.02%.
Amfanin ɗan adam don gwaje-gwaje masu sauri
Baya ga amfani da al'umma na yau da kullun, an kuma yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin jin kai yayin bala'in. Bayan ambaliya a Jakarta a Indonesia a ranar 2 ga Disamba, an yi gwajin gaggawa a matsugunan ambaliyar ruwa. Bugu da kari, bayan rufe iyakokin kasa a Turai biyo bayan bullar sabuwar matsalar Burtaniya kafin Kirsimeti, direbobin manyan motoci kusan 6,000 ne suka makale ba tare da abinci ba, sun dakatar da isar da abincin Kirsimeti yadda ya kamata. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara na Faransa ne suka yi gwajin gaggawa cikin sa'o'i 24 a tashar. Gwaje-gwajen gaggawa sun baiwa manyan motocin dakon kaya damar hawa kan hanya da kammala jigilar kayayyaki da komawa ga iyalansu don Kirsimeti, yana nuna yuwuwar amfanin duniya na samun gwajin COVID-19 mai sauƙin aiwatarwa. Kungiyar likitoci ta Médecins Sans Frontières ta amince da yin amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a cikin kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga, tare da lura da cewa "Gwajin antigen na COVID-19 na iya ba da sakamako cikin sauri da aiki, tare da tabbatar da gano mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar a matakin al'umma".
Amurka da gwaje-gwaje masu sauri
Bayan da aka fara saka hannun jari mai yawa a cikin saurin haɓaka fasahar gwaji tare da Burtaniya, ƙarin kimanta gwaje-gwajen cikin sauri a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyoyin gwajin yawan jama'a a Amurka ya tsaya cik sakamakon rikicin kusan dala biliyan 900 na agajin COVID-19 da ke ƙunshe a cikin Haɗin gwiwar 2020 Dokar Kasafin Kudi, 2021 . An soki dokar saboda ba musamman saka hannun jari na zobe a cikin gwaje-gwaje masu sauri a matsayin tsada-tattalin arziki da ingantaccen nau'i na gwajin yawan jama'a. Masana kimiyya a Amurka, irin su Farfesa Michael Mina na Jami'ar Harvard, sun lura cewa gwaje-gwajen sun kasance "masu ƙarfi sosai ga duk abin da mutane ke yi" kuma "gwajin gida don COVID-19 na iya rage yawan kamuwa da cuta". Farfesa William A. Haseltine, shi ma na Harvard, ya ƙarfafa wannan ra'ayi, a cikin wata kasida a cikin mujallar Forbes da ke ba da shawara "Gwajin da za a yi cikin gaggawa, zai iya dakatar da yaduwar cututtuka da mutuwa" da kuma labarin da Farfesa Annie ya yi. Sparrow na Dutsen Sinai, New York yana ba da shawarar "Gwajin Rahusa Yana da Muhimmanci ga Nasara ta Cutar Kwalara" bisa la'akari da "gaggawa na nau'in B117 mai saurin yaduwa da sauri a cikin Burtaniya, da irin wannan nau'in daga Afirka ta Kudu". Koyaya, saurin gwajin gida don COVID-19 yana samuwa ga mutane a bainar jama'a a cikin Janairu 2021, bin amincewar FDA ta farko. Masu ba da inshorar lafiya a Amurka sun biya waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ga mutanen da ke da alamun COVID-19, ko waɗanda ke da kusanci da mai kamuwa da cuta ko tare da wani da ke nuna alamun. Wani labarin a cikin Washington Post ya ba da shawarar cewa mafi girman fa'idar gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a cikin Amurka ba za a iya cimmawa ba har sai "gwamnatin tarayya ta rufe gwajin mutanen da ba su da lafiya saboda watsar da wadancan mutanen babban bangare ne na barkewar", yayin da ake gwada wadannan mutane. inshorar lafiya bai rufe shi ba. Bayan zaben sabon shugaban kasa a watan Janairun 2021, Amurka ta sake fara saka hannun jari a cikin saurin bunkasa fasahar fasahar tare da buga umarnin zartarwa na shugaban kasa.
Darajar kasuwar duniya
Bayan yawaitar amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a duk duniya, gwaje-gwaje masu sauri suna da darajar kasuwa ta dala biliyan 15; duk da haka, ana sa ran kasuwar za ta daina daga 2024 saboda allurar rigakafin yawan jama'ar duniya a ƙarshen 2023. A cikin Amurka, kasuwa don saurin gwaje-gwaje shine dalar Amurka biliyan 3.9 tare da ƙimar haɓaka> 20% a asibitoci, asibitoci, Asiya Pacific amma kuma azaman gwajin masu amfani. Manazarta kasuwannin kasa da kasa sun yi hasashen cewa masu kera gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri za su fuskanci karuwar bukatu yayin da mutane da yawa suka fara amfani da gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri don gano mutanen da ke da alamun sauki. Yawancin masu sharhi da masana kimiyya daga Amurka sun nuna damuwa ko cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta sami damar biyan bukatun duniya tare da kera daruruwan miliyoyin gwaje-gwajen da za a buƙaci don gwaji akai-akai.
Manazarta
Covid-19
Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
29816 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C6%99%C6%99in%20Yin%20Shaida%20akan%20Wani | Haƙƙin Yin Shaida akan Wani | Laifin kai shi ne mutum ya fallasa kansa gaba daya akan wani laifi, ko ta hanyar tonawa kansa da kansa asiri, akan wata tuhuma ko aikata wani babban abu a bayyane ko a boye laifi; shigar da kansa ko wani mutum a cikin tuhumar aikata laifuka ko hadarinsa. dorawa kai laifi na iya faruwa ko dai kai tsaye ko a kaikaice: kai tsaye, ta hanyar tambaya inda aka bayyana bayanan da suka shafi aikata laifin kai; ko kuma a kaikaice, lokacin da wani mutum ya fallasa laifin da wani yayi kuma da son rai, ba tare da matsin lamba daga wani mutum ba).
A yawancin tsarin shari'a, masu laifi ba za a iya tilasta wa wadanda ake tuhuma da dorawa kansu laifi ba - za su iya zabar yin magana da 'yan sanda ko wasu hukumomi, amma ba za a iya hukunta su don sun ki yin hakan ba.Akwai kasashe 108 da ire-iren wadannan hukunce-hukuncen da a halin yanzu suke yin gargadi ga masu shari'a ga wadanda ake tuhuma, wadanda suka hada da 'yancin yin shiru da kuma 'yancin samun lauya da a kaucewa zaluntar ire-iren su. Wadannan dokokin ba iri daya ba ne a duka fadin duniya; ko wace kasa da nata dokokin, duk da haka, membobin Tarayyar Turai sun hadaka dokokinsu akan jagorar EU.
Dokar fallasa kai a Kanada
A Kanada, akwai hakkoki iri daya bisa ga Yarjejeniya ta Hakkoki da yanci. Sashe na 11 na Yarjejeniya ya tanadi cewa ba za a iya tilasta mutum ya zama shaida a shari’ar da ake yi masa ba. Sashi na 11(c) yana cewa:
Duk mutumin da aka tuhume shi da laifi yana da hakkin...kada a tilasta shi ya zama shaida a shari'ar da ake yi wa mutumin dangane da laifin...
Wani muhimmin abu mai fa'ida a cikin dokar Kanada shi ne cewa wannan ba ya shafi mutumin da ba a tuhume shi a cikin shari'ar da ake magana ba. Mutum ya ba da sammaci, wanda ba a tuhume shi dangane da laifin da ake la'akari da shi ba, dole ne ya ba da shaida. Koyaya, ba za a iya amfani da wannan shaidar daga baya akan mutumin ba a wani harka. Sashe na 13 na Yarjejeniya Yana cewa:
Shaidan da ya ba da a kowace shari’a yana da yancin kada ya sami wata shaida da za a yi amfani da ita wajen tuhumar wannan shaida tashi a duk wani shari’a, koda kuwa an gabatar da kara don yin karya ko kuma don bayar da hujjoji masu karo da juna.
A tarihi, a cikin dokar gama gari ta Kanada, shaidu za su iya din ba da shaidar da za ta zargi kansu. Koyaya, sashe na 5 (1) na Dokar Shaida ta Kanada ta kawar da wannan cikakkiyar gata ta gama gari ta hanyar tilasta wa shaidu su ba da shaida. A musayar, sashe na 5 (2) na wannan aikin ya baiwa shaidun kariya daga samun wannan shaida da aka yi amfani da su a nan gaba in badai a shari’ar karya ba. Duk da yake waɗannan tanade-tanade na Dokar Shaidar Kanada suna ci gaba da aiki, an cim ma su a aikace-aikacensu ta hanyar rigakafi da aka bayar ta sashe na 13 da 7 na Yarjejeniya Ta Kanada na Hakki da yanci.
Dokar fallasa kai a Sin
Bayan gyare-gyaren da aka yi na 1996 ga dokar da ta shafi laifuka, Maqala ta 15 ta bayyana cewa "Ba a haramta ba a yi amfani da ikirari ta hanyar azabtarwa, tattara shaida ta hanyar barazana, yaudara, ko wasu hanyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba, ko tilasta wani ya yi ikirarin ya aikata laifi da kansa a kasar Sin." A cikin 2012 kuma an sake gyara dokar don karfafa kare hakkin dan adam na wadanda ake zargi da laifi. Tun daga lokacin China ta amince da haƙƙin fallasa kai, kuma doka ta haramta tilasta wa mutum yin ikirari ya aikata laifi. Duk da haka, a aikace yayin da ake ci gaba da take hakkokin bil'adama a kasar Sin, har yanzu ya zama al'ada ga 'yan sanda su yi amfani da azabtarwa ga wadanda ake tuhuma don samun ikirari daga garesu na su fallasa cewa sunyi laifi Shigar kasar Sin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan hakkin jama'a da siyasa a shekarar 1998 ya kuma baiwa 'yan kasar Sin 'yancin daga cin zarafi; duk da cewa dai, kasar Sin ba ta amince da yarjejeniyar ba.
Dokar fallasa kai a Indiya
A Indiya a ƙarƙashin sashe na 20 (3) na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ake tuhuma yana da hakkin ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai laifi amma ba a ba wa shaidu damar yin haka ba.
Dole ne a sanar da wanda ake tuhuma hakkinsa kafin ya yi duk wata magana da za ta iya cutar da shi. Dole ne a tilasta wa waɗanda ake tuhuma su ba da wata sanarwa. Idan aka tursasa wanda ake tuhuma ya bayar da wata magana wadda bata gaskiya ba, ba za a yarda da maganar a kotu ba. Kundin Tsarin laifuka da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Indiya sun ba wa waɗanda ake tuhuma ƴancin yin shiru, watau ƴancin hana bayyana kai ga hukumomi a matsayin mai laifi. Dole ne wanda ake tuhuma ya sanar da hukuma cewa yana amfani da yancin shi ne na yin shiru; Ba a la'akari da rike bayanan ta yin amfani da hakkin shi na rike bayanan da ka iya zama mai laifi. Domin yin amfani da haƙƙin su na yin shiru, dole ne wanda ake tuhuma da laifi ya bayyana cewa suna yin haka. Misali, wanda ake tuhuma zai iya cewa, “Ina amfani da ‘yancin yin shiru kuma ba zan sake amsa wasu tambayoyi ba.” kundi na 20 (3) bai shafi wadanda suka yi ikirari da son rai ba tare da an tsoratar da su ba ko kuma an tilasta musu su, cikin yin irin wannan magana.
Dokar fallasa kai a Ingila
Hakkin fallasa kai ya samo asali ne daga Ingila daga Wales. A cikin kasashen da ke samo dokokinsu a matsayin karin tarihin dokar gama gari ta Ingilishi, wata gungiyar doka ta haɓaka game da batun samarwa mutane hanyoyin kare kansu daga cin zarafi.
Da ake nema zuwa Ingila da Wales, Dokar Laifukan Shari'a da Dokar Jama'a ta 1994 ta gyara ƴancin yin shiru ta hanyar ba da damar yin amfani da abubuwan da alkalai suka yi a shari'ar da wanda ake tuhuma ya ki bayyana wani abu, sannan ya ba da bayani. Wato alkalan kotun na da hakkin su gane cewa wanda ake tuhumar ya kirkiro bayanin ne a wani lokaci, saboda ya ki bayar da bayanin a lokacin da dan sanda ke yi masa tambayoyi. alkalai kuma suna da yanci kada su yi irin wannan shawarar.
Dokar fallasa kai a Sukotland
A cikin dokokin Scots da na farar hula, da duka na gama gari da na doka sun samo asali kuma suna aiki daban da na Ingila da Wales. A cikin dokar Scots, hakkin yin shuru ba ya canzawa ta abubuwan da ke sama, kuma an tauye hakkin alkalai na zana abubuwan da suka dace.
A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2018, doka a Scotland ta canza game da mutanen da dan sanda ke tsare da su. Wadannan canje-canjen suna shafar mutanen da aka kama ne kawai bayan 25 ga Janairu, 2018. Wadanda aka kama suna da ƴancin yin shiru kuma ba dole ba ne su amsa tambayoyin dan sanda. Sai dai duk da cewa wanda dan sanda ke tsare da shi ba ya bukatar amsa tambayoyi dangane da laifin da ake zarginsa da shi, amma ya zama wajibi wadanda ake tsare da su amsa tambayoyin asali kamar: suna, ranar haihuwa, adireshin da kuma asalin kasar da yake.
Manazarta |
9402 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleiro | Aleiro | Aleiro karamar hukuma ce dake a Jihar Kebbi, Arewa maso yammacin Nijeriya, helkwatar ta tana cikin garin aleiro sunan shugaban karamar hukumar Alhaji shu'aibu Ibrahim .
Kananan hukumomin jihar Kebbi |
27623 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria...%20Why%3F | Alexandria... Why? | Alexandria. . . Me yasa? (Larabcin Misira;Iskanderija... lih?) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Masar a shekara ta 1979 wanda Youssef Chahine ya jagoranta. An shigar da shi cikin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 29th, inda ya ci kyautar Azurfa ta Jury na Musamman. An zaɓi fim ɗin azaman shigarwar Masar don bada kyauta ta Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a 52nd Academy Awards, amma ba a yarda da shi a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa ba.
Makirci
Fim ɗin yana nuna farkon rayuwar darakta a garin sa, Alexandria .
Yan wasa
Ahmed Zaki a matsayin Ibrahim
Naglaa Fathy a matsayin Sarah
Farid Shawqi a matsayin mahaifin Mohsen Shaker Pasha
Mahmoud El-Meliguy as Qadry
Ezzat El Alaili a matsayin Morsi
Yusuf Wahby
Yehia Chahin
Gerry Sundquist a matsayin Thomas 'Tommy' Friskin
Magana
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Fina-finan Afirka
Fina-finai
Finafinan Misra |
13637 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi | Al-Bayhaqi | Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn Ibn 'Alī ibn Mūsa al-Khosrojerdi al-Bayhaqi ( Larabci ), البيهقي wanda aka fi sani da Imām al-Bayhaqi an haife shi a shekara ta 994 AZ / 384 AH a cikin ƙaramin gari na Khosrowjerd kusa da Sabzevar, wanda a lokacin da aka fi sani da Bayhaq, a Khurasan. A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya zama sanannen malamin hadisi na Sunniah, yana bin makarantar Shafi'i a fiqh da Ash'ari makarantar Ilimin Addinin Musulunci.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Cikakken sunan Al-Bayhaqi shine أحمد بن الحسين بن علي بن موسى الخراساني البيهقي المشهور بالبيهقي.
Al-Bayhaqi masanin fiqhu ne na makarantar Shafi'i, da na hadisi . Ya yi karatun fiqh a karkashin Abū al-Fatḥ Nāṣir ibn al-Ḥusayn bn Muḥammad al-Naysaburi da kuma Abul Hasan Hankari. Ya kuma karanci hadisi a karkashin Hakim al-Nishaburi, Abu Mansur Al-Baghdadi da sauransu, kuma shi ne babban malamin al-Nishaburi. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1066
Ayyuka
Bayhaqi shahararren marubuci ne a lokacinsa, wanda ya wallafa juzu'o'i sama da dubu a cewar Al-Dhahabi . Daga cikin sanannun litattafan da marubucin ya rubuta akwai:
Sunan al-Kubra lil Behaqi, wanda aka fi sani da Sunan al-Bayhaqi
Ma`arifa al-Sunan wa al-Athar (ana kiranta Al-Sunan al-Wusta )
Bayan Khata Man Akhta`a `Ala al-Shafi`i ( Bayyanar kurakuran wadanda suka haifar da kuskure ga al-Shafi`i)
Al-Mabsut, littafi ne a kan Shafi`i Doka
Al-Asma 'wa al-Sifat (Sunaye da Halayen Allah)
Al-I`tiqad` ala Madhhab al-Salaf Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama`a
Dala'il al-Nubuwwah (Alamomin Annabci)
Shuab ul Iman (rassan imani)
Al-Da`awat al-Kabir (Babban littafin Addu'a)
Al-Zuhd al-Kabir (Babban littafin Asceticism)
Manazarta |
61258 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mareri | Mareri | Unguwa Mareri unguwa ce da ke a tudun wada, a cikin garin Gusau jihar Zamfara. |
38154 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%E2%80%99aikatun%20Tarayyar%20Najeriya | Ma’aikatun Tarayyar Najeriya | Ma’aikatun tarayyar Najeriya ma’aikatun gwamnati ne da ke da alhakin gudanar da ayyukan gwamnati iri-iri. Kowace ma'aikatar tana karkashin jagorancin Babban Sakatare ne wanda ke ba da rahoto ga Minista a Majalisar Dokokin Tarayya. Wasu ayyuka na gwamnati ana samar da su ta “kwamitocin” ko parastatals (kungiyoyin mallakar gwamnati) waɗanda ƙila su kasance masu zaman kansu ko kuma suna da alaƙa da ma’aikatar.
Ma'aikatu
A wasu lokuta ma’aikatun suna haɗewa, wani lokacin kuma ana raba su. Don haka aka naɗa Halima Tayo Alao ministar muhalli da gidaje a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin, shekarar 2007 a hannun shugaba Umaru Yar’adua. Bayan da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci garambawul, a watan Disamba a shekarar 2008 aka naɗa Nduese Essien Ministan Muhalli sannan Hassan Muhammed Lawal ya zama Ministan Ayyuka da Gidaje. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2010, an naɗa Mohammed Daggash Ministan Ayyuka sannan Nduese Essien ya zama Ministan Filaye, Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya lissafa ma'aikatu na yanzu ko na baya.
Kwamitocin
Duba kuma
Majalisar ministocin Najeriya
Ma'aikatan Najeriya
Manazarta |
7022 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Onanefe%20Ibori | James Onanefe Ibori | James Onanefe Ibori (haife 29.Muharram.1379 AH) ya yi masa gwamna na Jihar Delta a Najeriya daga 18 ga watan Muharram 1420 AH.
Ƴan siyasan Najeriya |
40384 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20za%C9%93en%20gwamnan%20jihar%20Kebbi | 1999 zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kebbi | Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Kebbi na shekarar 1999 ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 1999. Dan takarar jam’iyyar APP Adamu Aliero ne ya lashe zaɓen inda ya doke ɗan takarar jam’iyyar PDP Mohammed Kaliel .
Sakamako
Adamu Aliero daga jam’iyyar APP ne ya lashe zaɓen. Dan takarar PDP Mohammed Kaliel da ɗan takarar AD ne suka fafata a zaɓen.
Adadin wadanda suka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,167,171, jimillar kuri’u 500,938, kuri’u 472,062 da aka ki amincewa da su ya kai 28,876.
Adamu Aliero, APP - 259,498
Mohammed Kaliel, PDP - 208,552
AD- 4,013
Nassoshi |
27726 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Choice%20%281970%20fim%29 | The Choice (1970 fim) | Zaɓin (wanda kuma aka sani da Al-ikhtiyar) wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masarawa na shekarar 1970 kuma fim ɗin asiri wanda Youssef Chahine ya jagoranta. Ali Ismail ne ya shirya wannan fim. Fim ɗin da Ezzat El Alaili da Seif El Dine da Mahmoud El-Meliguy suka taka a cikin manyan jarumai.
Yan wasa
Ezzat El Alaili
Seif El Dine
Mahmud El-Meliguy
Soad Hosny
Seif Eddine Shawkat
Magana
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Finafinan Misra
Fina-finan Afirka
Fina-finai |
41357 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27aikatar%20Harkokin%20Waje%20%28Turkiyya%29 | Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje (Turkiyya) | Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ( ) ma'aikatar gwamnati ce ta Jamhuriyar Turkiyya, mai kula da manufofin ƙasashen waje da huldar ƙasa da ƙasa. An kafa ma'aikatar ranar 2 ga watan Mayu 1920, ayyukanta na farko shine gudanar da ayyukan diflomasiyya, bada shawarwari da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da kaysa, da wakilcin Jamhuriyar Turkiyya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ma'aikatar tana da hedikwata a babban birnin Turkiyya na Ankara kuma tana aiki fiye da ayyuka 200 a matsayin ofisoshin jakadanci, ofisoshin wakilci na din-din-din da kuma ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin, a ƙasashen waje.
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2021, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen tana kula da ofisoshin diflomasiyya 235 a duk duniya. Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu shi ne ministan harkokin wajen Turkiyya na yanzu, wanda aka naɗa a ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2014.
Ƙungiya
Ƙungiya ta Tsakiya
Darakta-Janar na Harkokin Siyasa na Ƙasashen biyu
Amurkawa
Arewacin Amurka ( Amurka da Kanada )
Latin Amurka
Afirka
Gabashin Afirka
Afirka ta Yamma
Gabashin Asiya da kudu maso gabashin Asiya
Gabashin Turai, Tsakiyar Asiya da Caucasia
Kudancin Asiya, Iraki da Iran
Siriya
Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka
Arewacin Afirka
Gabas ta Tsakiya
Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci
Cibiyar Gudanar da Gaggawa
Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen waje
Ofishin jakadanci
Ofisoshin Wakilin Dindindin
Ofishin Jakadancin-Janar
Ofisoshin wakilci a cikin Turkiyya
Ofishin Wakilin Istanbul
Ofishin Wakilin Izmir
Ofishin Wakilin Antalya
Edirne Wakilin Ofishin
Ofishin Wakilin Gaziantep
Ofishin Wakilin Hatay
Manyan batutuwan da suka shafi ma'aikatar harkokin waje
Ofishin jakadanci
A shekara ta 1793, Sultan Selim na Uku ya kafa ofishin jakadancin Turkiyya na din-din-din a London.
Ban da ƙaramin ofishin jakadanci, Turkiyya na da wakilai 236, daga cikinsu 142 ofisoshin jakadanci ne, 12 kuma na din-din-din, 81 na ƙaramin ofishin jakadancin, biyu kuma ofisoshin kasuwanci ne. Turkiyya na da ayyuka 235 a duniya bayan ƙasashen China (276), Amurka (273), Faransa (267), Japan (247) da Rasha (242).
Daga cikin jakadun Turkiyya 236 da ke aiki a watan Maris din 2016, 37 mata ne.
Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya
Jamhuriyar Turkiyya mamba ce ta ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa 26. Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar ce ke kula da huldar da ke tsakanin waɗannan kungiyoyi da Turkiyya.
Kyauta
Tun 1989, Ma'aikatar tana ba mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka nuna ayyuka na musamman kyauta.
Duba kuma
Jerin Ministocin harkokin wajen Turkiyya
Jerin ofisoshin jakadanci na Turkiyya
Alakar kasashen waje da Turkiyya
Siyasar Turkiyya
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje (Daular Usmaniyya)
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Alakar kasashen waje da Turkiyya
Turkiyya |
10263 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana | Indiana | Indiana jiha ce daga cikin jihohin ƙasar Tarayyar Amurka, a Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar. Jihar Tarayyar Amurka ce daga shekara ta 1816.
Babban birnin jihar Indiana, Indianapolis ne. Jihar Indiana tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita murabba’i 94,321, da yawan jama'a 6,666,818.
Gwamnan jihar Indiana Eric Holcomb ne, daga zaben gwamnan a shekara ta 2016.
Tarihi
Mulki
Arziki
Wasanni
Fannin tsarotsaro
Kimiya da Fasaha
Sifiri
Sifirin Jirgin Sama
Sifirin Jirgin Kasa
Al'adu
Mutane
Yaruka
Abinci
Tufafi
Ilimi
Addinai
Musulunci
Kiristanci
Hotuna
Manazarta
Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka |
54595 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elewuro | Elewuro | Elewuro kauye ne a karamar hukumar iseyin na jihar oyo |
36220 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhallin%20Canterbury | Muhallin Canterbury | Muhalli Canterbury, akai-akai ana taƙaita shi zuwa Ecan . shine sunan dake alakanta talla don Majalisar Yankin Canterbury . Majalisar yanki ce ta Canterbury, yanki mafi girma a Tsibirin Kudancin New Zealand. Yana daga cikin tsarin kananan hukumomi na New Zealand.
Keɓancewar yanki da nauyi
Yankin ikonsa ya ƙunshi duk magudanar ruwa a gabar gabas na Tsibirin Kudu daga Kogin Clarence, arewacin Kaikoura, zuwa Kogin Waitaki, a kuma Kudancin Canterbury. Yankin ya hada da filayen Canterbury, arewa da kudu Canterbury, manyan kogin Tsibirin Kudancin Tsibirin, (Kogin Waimakariri, kogin Rakaia da kogin Rangitata ) Basin Mackenzie da kogin Waitaki .
Majalisar Yanki ta Canterbury tana da alhakin ayyuka iri-iri da suka haɗa da jigilar fasinja na jama'a, yanayin halittu na yanki, injiniyan kogi, sa ido kan muhalli da bincike, manufofin yanki da tsare-tsare da kuma yin la'akari da aikace-aikace don wasu izinin albarkatu - izinin amfani da ƙasa (ciki har da gadaje na ruwa), Izinin bakin teku, izinin ruwa, da kuma izinin fitarwa. Majalisar Yankin Canterbury tana da dabaru masu nauyi don iska, ruwa da sufuri.
Christchurch sau da yawa yana da jujjuyawar yanayin zafi wanda ke kama gurɓataccen iska wanda ke haifar da kuma matsalar ingancin iska . Ecan ya kafa Tsarin Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace a cikin shekarar 2002 kuma yana gudana har zuwa shekarata 2011 don taimakawa tare da tsabtace gida mai ƙonewa da ƙarin rufin gida.
Tarihi
Magabata na ruhaniya na Majalisar Yankin Canterbury shine Majalisar Canterbury United Council wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1979, wacce ita ce hukumar yanki ta farko a New Zealand tun karshen larduna a shekarata 1876. Sai dai kuma an maye gurbin wannan majalisar hadaka da majalisar yankin a shekarar 1989 bayan sake fasalin kananan hukumomi .
Ofisoshi
Babban ofishin Canterbury na Muhalli yana a 200 Tuam Street Christchurch a cikin ginin da ya dace da muhalli wanda aka tsara kuma an gina shi don ɗaukar ma'aikatan 500 na ma'aikatan Christchurch na majalisar yankin. An rushe tsohon ginin a cikin shekarar 2011 bayan girgizar kasa na Canterbury. Duk ma'aikatan sun koma cikin sabon ginin a ranar 18 ga Afrilun shekarar 2016. ECan kuma yana da ƙananan ofisoshi a Timaru, Ashburton, da Kaikoura .
Mulki
Tun daga halittarsa har zuwa watan Mayun shekarata 2010, zababbun kansiloli 14 ne ke gudanar da Majalisar Yankin Canterbury, wadanda aka zaba bisa tushen farko-farko daga mazabun yankuna takwas.
Kansiloli (2001-2004)
A zaben kananan hukumomi na 2001, an yi amfani da mazabu tara: North Canterbury, Christchurch North, Christchurch East, Christchurch South, Christchurch West (duk membobi biyu kowanne), Selwyn-Banks Peninsula, Ashburton, South Canterbury, da Waitaki (duk memba daya kowanne) . An ayyana ’yan takarar daga mazabar Ashburton da Waitaki ba tare da adawa ba. Mambobin majalisa 14 sune:
Robert Johnston
Ross Little
Ina Robertson
Judy Waters
Richard Budd
Valerie Campbell ne adam wata
Kerry Burke
Diana Shand
Neil Cherry (Christchurch West; yayi murabus a ƙarshen 2002 ko farkon 2003)
Peter Yeoman (Christchurch West; ya mutu Oktoba 2002)
Richard Johnson
Angus McKay
Mark Oldfield
Bill Penno
Alec Neill (Christchurch West; ya lashe zaben fidda gwani a watan Afrilu 2003)
Nicky Wagner (Christchurch West; lashe zaben fidda gwani a watan Afrilu 2003)
Yeoman ya mutu a watan Oktoban shekarata 2002. Cherry ya yi murabus a lokacin kuma ya mutu a watan Mayun shekarar 2003. Dukkansu sun fito ne daga mazabar Christchurch West kuma an kammala zaben fidda gwani da aka yi sakamakon mutuwar Yeoman ta yadda za a iya cike dukkan mukamai a lokaci guda. Alec Neill da Nicky Wagner ne suka lashe zaben a watan Afrilun shekarar 2003.
Kansiloli (2004-2007)
A zaben kananan hukumomi na 2004, an yi amfani da mazabu tara: North Canterbury, Christchurch North, Christchurch East, Christchurch South, Christchurch West (duk membobi biyu kowanne), Banks Peninsula & Selwyn, Ashburton, South Canterbury, da Waitaki (duk memba daya kowanne). .
Kerry Burke ( kujera; Christchurch ta Kudu)
Robert Johnston (mataimakin kujera, North Canterbury)
Mark Oldfield (South Canterbury)
Angus McKay (Ashburton)
Bill Woods (Bank Peninsula da Selwyn)
Elizabeth Cunningham (Christchurch Gabas)
Richard Budd (Christchurch Gabas)
Judy Waters (Christchurch ta Arewa)
Anne Carroll (Christchurch ta Arewa)
Bob Kirk (Christchurch ta Kudu)
Alec Neill (Christchurch West)
Nicky Wagner (Christchurch West)
Ross Little (Arewacin Canterbury)
Kansiloli (2007-2010)
A zaben kananan hukumomi na 2007, an yi amfani da mazabu takwas: North Canterbury, Christchurch North, Christchurch East, Christchurch South, Christchurch West, South Canterbury (dukkan membobi biyu kowanne), Selwyn Banks Peninsula, da Rakaia (duka memba daya kowanne). A Rakaia, an mayar da kansila mai ci Alec Neill ba tare da hamayya ba. An zabi sabbin kansiloli hudu a kan dandamali na inganta ingantaccen sarrafa albarkatun ruwa da adawa da shirin Ruwa na Tsakiyar Tsakiya . Hudun su ne: David Sutherland da Rik Tindall, wadanda suka tsaya a matsayin "Ajiye Ruwanmu" 'yan takara, da kuma 'yan takara masu zaman kansu Jane Demeter da Eugenie Sage . Membobin da suka kasance majalisar yankin:
Kerry Burke (shugaban har zuwa 24 Satumban shekarar 2009; Christchurch South)
Alec Neill (Rakaia)
Mark Oldfield (South Canterbury)
Bronwen Murray (South Canterbury)
Eugenie Sage (Selwyn-Banks Peninsula)
Ross Little (Arewacin Canterbury)
Jo Kane (Arewacin Canterbury)
Carole Evans (Christchurch ta Arewa)
Jane Demeter (Christchurch ta Arewa)
Pat Harrow (Christchurch West)
Alec Neill (Christchurch West)
David Sutherland (Christchurch Gabas)
Rik Tindall (Christchurch Gabas)
Bob Kirk (Christchurch ta Kudu)
A ranar 24 ga Satumban shekarata 2009, Alec Neill ya zama shugaba bayan shugaban da ya gabata, Sir Kerry Burke, ya sha kaye a wani kuduri na rashin amincewa ya amince da kuri'u takwas inda wasu 'yan majalisa shida suka nuna adawa da shi. Burke ya ci gaba da zama kansila na yanki An sake zaben Burke a matsayin shugaba a watan Oktoban shekarar 2007. An danganta kuri'un 'yan majalisar ne da farko tsakanin Burke da Alec Neill. Burke ya kasance zababben kansila tun a shekarar 1998 kuma ya kasance shugaba daga shekarata 2004.
Kwamishinonin (2010-2016)
A cikin Maris na shekarar 2010, bayan wani bincike da rahoton Wyatt Creech, Gwamnatin ƙasa ta kori kansilolin Canterbury na Environment Canterbury kuma ta maye gurbinsu da kwamishinoni:
Margaret Bazley (Shugaba)
Hon. David Caygill (Mataimakin Shugaban)
David Bedford
Donald Couch (har zuwa 2014), wanda Elizabeth Cunningham ya maye gurbinsa
Tom Lambie
Farfesa Peter Skelton
Rex Williams
Kwamishinonin sun gudanar da taronsu na farko a ranar 6 ga Mayun shekarar 2010. Tun da farko gwamnatin kasar ta yi alkawarin komawa ga zababbiyar kansiloli da zaben kananan hukumomi a watan Oktoban 2013 . A cikin watan Satumba na shekarata 2012, an yi wa kwamishinoni gyaran fuska har zuwa lokacin zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na Oktoba 2016 . Donald Couch ya yi murabus a cikin Afrilun shekarar 2015 yayin da zai koma Kanada kuma a watan Agustan shekarar 2015, Elizabeth Cunningham ta maye gurbinsa.
A cikin Maris din shekarar 2014, an fara bitar doka a cikin Ecan, kuma gwamnatin ƙasa ta fitar da wata takarda ta tattaunawa a cikin Maris 2015 wanda ke bayyana shawara game da makomar majalisar yankin, tare da bayyana fifikon gaurayawan tsari na zaɓaɓɓu bakwai da mambobi shida da aka nada. gwamnati . Nick Smith, a matsayin Ministan Muhalli, ya bayyana cewa "yana iya dacewa a yi la'akari da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan fiye da 2019 ". Louise Upston, a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Karamar Hukumar, ya ba da hujjar gauraye samfurin kamar yadda "zai iya samar da kwanciyar hankali ga Canterbury daga shekarata 2016". Tsohon dan majalisar gundumomi kuma yanzu dan majalisa Sage ya soki koma bayan gwamnati tare da hana 'yan Cantabrian 'yancin yanke shawarar kansu. Mawallafin Sam Mahon, wanda ke da karfi mai adawa da korar 'yan majalisa, ya ba da ra'ayinsa a matsayin shawara da ke gabatar da "kamar halin da ake ciki, wanda ke ba da fahimtar dimokuradiyya".
Smith ya tabbatar da gauraye samfurin a cikin Yulin shekarar 2015, tare da kansiloli bakwai da za a zaba a shekarata 2016 tare da shida nada kwamishinonin, tare da komawa zuwa cikakken zabe majalisa a 2019.
Mixed Government Board (2016-2019)
A zaben kananan hukumomi na shekarar 2016, gwamnati ta ba da damar a zabi mutane bakwai tare da nada kwamishinoni shida. Ga zaben kananan hukumomi, akwai mazabu hudu: Christchurch (membobi 4), North Canterbury, Mid-Canterbury, da Kudancin Canterbury (memba 1 kowanne). An ayyana Peter Scott ba tare da hamayya ba a Kudancin Canterbury. Biyu daga cikin kwamishinonin da ake da su sun yi ritaya (Bazley da Williams), tare da Bedford, Caygill, Cunningham, Lambie da Skelton da aka sake nada. Iaean Cranwell sabon kwamishina ne, tare da shi da Cunningham aka nada bisa shawarar Ngāi Tahu . Bedford ya zama shugaba amma ya yi murabus a shekarar 2017 saboda rashin lafiya. Steve Lowndes, wanda da farko mataimakin shugaba, an zabe shi a matsayin shugaba a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2017, tare da Peter Scott mataimakinsa.
Kansiloli da kwamishinoni na 2016 zuwa 2019 sune kamar haka:
David Bedford (shugaba kuma kwamishina, yayi murabus Satumba 2017)
Steve Lowndes (mataimakin shugaban, Christchurch, zaba shugaban a watan Nuwamba 2017)
Peter Scott (South Canterbury, zababben mataimakin shugaba a watan Nuwamba 2017)
David Caygill (kwamishina)
Iaean Cranwell (kwamishina)
Rod Cullinane (Christchurch)
Elizabeth Cunningham (kwamishina)
Thomas Lambie (kwamishina)
Claire McKay (Arewacin Canterbury)
Lan Pham (Christchurch)
Cynthia Roberts (Christchurch)
Peter Skelton (kwamishina)
John Sunckell (Mid-Canterbury)
Kansiloli (2019-yanzu)
A halin yanzu dai kwamitin da aka kafa biyo bayan zaben kananan hukumomi na shekarar 2019 shi ne:
Jenny Hughey ( kujera) - Christchurch North East, The People's Choice
Peter Scott (mataimakin kujera) - Canterbury ta Kudu, Mai zaman kanta
Ian Mackenzie - Mid-Canterbury, Mai zaman kanta
John Sunckell - Tsakiyar Canterbury, Mai zaman kanta
Elizabeth McKenzie - Canterbury ta Kudu, Mai zaman kanta
Vicky Southworth – Christchurch ta Kudu, Mai zaman kanta don Canji mai Kyau
Phil Clearwater - Christchurch ta Kudu, Zaɓin Jama'a-Aiki
Claire McKay – Canterbury ta Arewa, Mai zaman kanta
Grant Edge - Arewacin Canterbury, Mai zaman kanta
Megan Hands - Christchurch West, Mai zaman kanta
Craig Pauling – Christchurch West, The People’s Choice
Tane Apanui - Christchurch North East, Rail da Ruwa
Lan Pham - Christchurch Central, Mai Zaman Lafiya Mai Zaman Kanta
Nicole Marshall – Christchurch Central, Labour-The People's Choice
Babban jami'in gudanarwa
An nada Stefanie Rixecker a matsayin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa a cikin Agustan shekarar 2020, yana karbar mukamin daga Bill Bayfield wanda ya karbi mukamin a watan Yuni 2011. Dr. Bryan Jenkins shine babban jami'in gudanarwa daga Yunin shekarar 2003.
Wuraren shakatawa na yanki
Majalisar tana gudanar da wuraren shakatawa guda hudu.
Ashley Rakahuri Regional Park
Arewacin Pegasus Bay
Lake Tekapo Regional Park
Waimakari River Regional Park
Bayanin Siyasar Yanki
Bayanin Siyasa na Yanki na Canterbury ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 1998.
A cikin shekarata 2006, an fara bita na shekara 10 na tilas na Bayanin Manufofin Yanki.
Shirye-shiryen Yanki da Dokokin Kula da Ruwa
Canterbury yana da tsare-tsaren yanki na 'aiki' masu zuwa.
Tsarin Yanki na Albarkatun Kasa (NRRP)
Tsarin Yanki na Majalisar Canterbury, Oktoba 1991.
Tsare-tsare na yanki na wucin gadi don Yankin Nelson-Marlborough
Shirin Yanki na Kogin Waimakari
Shirin Yankin Kogin Opihi
Tsare-tsaren Yankin Rarraba Ruwa na Waitaki Catchment
Shirin Yanki na Albarkatun Kasa (PNRRP) ya ci gaba a matakai biyu. An sanar da babi na 1 zuwa na 3 (Babi na Ngai Tahu da ingancin iska) a bainar jama'a a watan Yuni shekarar 2002. An sanar da babi na 4-8 a bainar jama'a a cikin Yuli 2004. An yanke shawarar babi na 1 zuwa na 3 a watan Satumbar shekarata 2007 kuma an kai ƙarar wasu ɓangarori na wannan babban tsari dalla-dalla ga Kotun Muhalli. An fara sauraron babi na 4-8 a ƙarshen 2007 kuma ya ci gaba a cikin shekarata 2008. Babi na Tsare-tsaren Yanki na Albarkatun Ƙasa na Canterbury akan Ngai Tahu da albarkatun ƙasa, ingancin iska, ingancin ruwa, yawan ruwa, gadaje na tafkuna da koguna, wuraren dausayi da kiyaye ƙasa sun fara aiki daga 11 ga Yuni 2011, ya maye gurbin tsohuwar Majalisar Canterbury ta wucin gadi. Shirin Yanki (Oktoba 1991), wanda tarin dokoki ne da dokokin da suka rigaya kafin Dokar Gudanar da Albarkatu ta shekarar 1991, kuma shine shirin aiwatar da mafi yawan yankin, sai dai mashigar Waitaki da yankin Kaikoura .
Akwai kuma oda guda huɗu na kiyaye ruwa (WCOs) waɗanda ke aiki a Canterbury: Kogin Rakaia WCO, Lake Ellesmere (Te Waihora) WCO, Rangitata WCO da Kogin Ahuriri WCO.
Izinin albarkatu
Majalisar Yankin Canterbury tana ba da kulawa da kulawa da mafi yawan yarda da albarkatu a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gudanar da Albarkatu ta 1991 na kowace majalissar yanki 16 a New Zealand. A cikin shekarar da ta ƙare 30 ga Yunin shekarar 2006, Environment Canterbury ta aiwatar da aikace-aikacen 3,381, fiye da ninki biyu na adadin da kowace hukuma ta yarda da shi (Muhalli Waikato yana da lamba mafi girma na gaba; 1,384 aikace-aikace a 2006). Ya zuwa Janairun shekarar 2005, Majalisar Yankin Canterbury ta ba da izinin albarkatu sama da 14,000. Ana iya duba sharuɗɗan yarda ɗaya akan layi ta amfani da lambar "CRC" mai lamba shida.
A cikin Oktoban shekarata 2004, Majalisar Yanki ta Canterbury tana da 'bakin-baya' na aikace-aikacen da ba a sarrafa su ba saboda sanarwar aikace-aikacen ɗaukar ruwan ƙasa a cikin yankuna da aka keɓe na ruwan ƙasa.
'Bayanin bayanan' ko adadin aikace-aikacen yarda da ake sarrafa, ana yin rikodin kullun akan gidan yanar gizon Canterbury na Muhalli. Halin haɓaka ya bayyana ya ƙare a tsakiyar shekarar 2008, tare da lambobi waɗanda ba a sarrafa su sannu a hankali suna raguwa zuwa 2009. Haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfar aikace-aikace a cikin watan Yunin shekarata 2007 ya samo asali ne saboda bitar izinin albarkatu 400 da ake da su a yankin raba ruwan ƙasa na Rakaia-Selwyn.
Suka
Majalisar Yankin Canterbury ta sami mafi ƙarancin kima da masu biyan kuɗin karkara suka bayar a cikin wani binciken da aka yi tsakanin manoma a kan ƙananan hukumomi. Makin ya yi la'akari da matakin kusancin majalisa, matakin son zuciya, samar da hanyoyi, ƙimar kuɗi, da aiwatar da RMA.
A cikin Oktoba 2shekarar 009 Gwamnati ta sanar da sake duba Ecan a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 24A na Dokar Gudanar da Albarkatu . Dalilin da aka ambata shi ne jinkirin aiwatar da izinin albarkatun "yana riƙe yankin Canterbury baya". A cikin Maris 2din shekarata 010, bayan fitar da "Creech Report" gwamnati ta zabi ta nada kwamitin kwamishinoni don maye gurbin zababbun Kansilolin, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
Duba wasu abubuwan
Lardunan New Zealand
Hukumomin Yanki na New Zealand
Gurbacewar ruwa a Canterbury
Manazartai
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Muhalli Canterbury
Gidan yanar gizon Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Majalisar Yankin Canterbury Canterbury Yanar Gizon Yanar Gizo.
Jerin Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare don Jerin Muhalli na tsare-tsaren Majalisar Yankin Canterbury. NB Wannan jerin ba na zamani ba ne.
Bayanan Bayanin Al'umma na Sashen Harkokin Cikin Gida Gidan Yanar Gizo na Kananan Hukumomi - bayanin martaba na al'umma.
("Rahoton Creech")
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
59994 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin%20Motuti | Kogin Motuti | Kogin Motuti ɗan gajeren kogi ne mai fadi a cikin Yankin Arewa na Tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankinNew Zealand . Mafi girman hannu na tashar Hokianga fiye da kogin gaskiya, yana gudana kudu daga mazaunin Motuti zuwa babban tashar Hokianga yammacin Rawene .
Duba kuma
Jerin koguna na New Zealand
Nassoshi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
48476 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustain%20our%20Africa | Sustain our Africa | Dorewar Afirka tamu kungiya ce mai ba da shawarwari ga jama'a ta Afirka da kuma taron da ke mai da hankali kan kara wayar da kan jama'a, sauƙaƙewa da haɓaka illolin ci gaba mai dorewa a Afirka. Babban manufar kungiyar ita ce ta zama dandalin muhawara, tattaunawa da yada batutuwan da suka shafi ci gaba mai dorewa a yanayin Afrika. Ɗorewar da Afirka tamu ta karbi bakuncin taron dorewar shekara-shekara a watan Oktoba kuma tana gudanar da dandalin watsa labarai don sauƙaƙe tattaunawa, yada bayanai, da kuma haifar da canji.
Manazarta |
9316 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifelodun%20%28Kwara%29 | Ifelodun (Kwara) | Ifelodun ƙaramar hukuma ce dake a jihar Kwara, Nijeriya.
Kananan hukumomin jihar Kwara |
44623 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athir%20Thomas | Athir Thomas | Athir Thomas Magor Abdo Gaber (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu,shekara ta 1987) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Sudan ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa mai tsaron gida.
Sana'a
Ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a shekarar 2008 tare da Al-Mourada SC. Mai tsaron bayan ya koma a cikin watan Janairu 2011 zuwa Al-Hilal Club (Omdurman) don Ilimin Jiki Omdurman. Bayan shekara guda tare da Al Hilal Omdurman, Ateir Tomes ya sanya hannu a watan Mayu 2012 a kungiyar Al-Ahli Khartoum.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Ya buga akalla manyan wasanni guda daya a Sudan ta Kudu da Kenya a gasar cin kofin CECAFA ta shekarar 2012.
Kwallayen kasa da kasa
Maki da sakamako ne suka sanya Sudan ta Kudu ta zura kwallaye a raga.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1987
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
44079 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Wilkinson | Tom Wilkinson | Thomas Geoffrey Wilkinson (an haife shi 5 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1948) ɗan wasan fim ne na kasar Biritaniya. Ya sami lambobin yabo daban-daban a duk lokacin aikinsa na fim, gami da lambar yabo ta BAFTA, lambar yabo ta Golden Globe, lambar yabo ta Emmy Award da nadin nadi biyu na Kwalejin Kwalejin .
Don rawar da ya taka a fim din barkwanci The Full Monty (1997) ya sami lambar yabo ta BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a Matsayin Taimako . Ya karɓi nadin babbar lambar yabo ta Academy guda biyu, ɗayan don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo don A cikin Bedroom (2001) ɗayan kuma don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Tallafi na Michael Clayton a shekarar (2007).
Tasowarsa da kuma Karatu
An haifi Wilkinson a ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1948 a Wharfedale, West Riding na Yorkshire, ɗan Marjorie da Thomas Wilkinson, manomi. A lokacin da suke da shekaru 11, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Kitimat, British Columbia, a Kanada, inda suka zauna tsawon shekaru biyar kafin su koma United Kingdom da gudanar da mashaya a Cornwall . Wilkinson ya sauke karatu a cikin Turanci da adabin Amurka daga Jami'ar Kent a Canterbury, yayin da yake jami'a, Wilkinson ya shagaltu da yin aiki da jagoranci tare da Jami'ar Kent Drama Society (yanzu ana kiranta T24 Drama Society). Bayan ya kammala digirinsa, Wilkinson ya halarci Royal Academy of Dramatic Art a Landan, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1973.
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1948
Manazarta |
36265 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo%20Museum%20of%20West%20African%20Art | Edo Museum of West African Art | Gidan kayan tarihi na Edo na Yammacin Afirka shiri ne na kayan tarihi na yammacin Afirka da za a gina a birnin Benin, Najeriya. Zai nuna sama da abubuwa 300 akan lamuni daga gidajen tarihi na Turai. Gine-ginen sa, David Adjaye, ya bayyana fassarar ma'anar gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin Nuwamba 2020. The Metropolitan Museum of Art will repatriate two Benin Bronzes to be shown in the museum. Gidan kayan tarihi na Art na Metropolitan zai mayar da Benin Bronzes guda biyu don nunawa a gidan kayan gargajiya.
Manazarta |
8662 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Biya | Paul Biya | Paul Biya (lafazi: /fol biya/) (An haife shi ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu, 1933) a Mvomeka'a, Kamaru lokacin mulkin mallakan Faransa a Kasar. ɗan siyasan ƙasar Kamaru ne.
Siyasa
Shugaban kasa
Paul Biya shine shugaban ƙasar Kamaru daga shekarar 1982 bayan mulkin Ahmadu Ahidjo.
Manazarta
'Yan siyasan Kamaru |
50911 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauyin%20yanayi%20a%20Gambia | Sauyin yanayi a Gambia | Sauyin yanayi a Gambiya, yana da tasiri ga yanayin halitta da mutanen Gambia. Kamar sauran ƙasashe a Yammacin Afirka, ana sa ran tasirin canjin yanayi zai kasance daban-daban kuma mai rikitarwa. Canjin canjin yanayi zai kasance da mahimmanci don cimma burin ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin ƙasar.
Tasirin yanayi
Yanayin Sahel ya sa yankin ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da sauye-sauye a cikin ruwa. Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai karu ko ya kara guguwa mai tsanani, ambaliyar ruwa, fari, da rushewar bakin teku da kuma ruwan gishiri.
Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi
Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki
Aikin noma yana da kashi 26% na GDP kuma yana daukar ma'aikata 68% na ma-aikata. Yawancin aikin gona ana ciyar da shi da ruwan sama, don haka canje-canje a cikin hazo za su sami tasiri mai mahimmanci. A cikin 2012, fari tare da karuwar farashin abinci ya haifar da rikicin abinci a yankin. Manoman shinkafa a kusa da bakin tekun suma suna fuskantar shigowar ruwan gishiri.
Har ila yau, kamun kifi suna da rauni, tare da canje-canje ga wuraren kiwo ga nau'ikan kifin bakin teku suna ƙara matsin lamba ga ayyukan kiwon kiɗa da ba su da tabbas.
Infrastructure ya riga ya ga manyan asarar daga ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa. Misali, ambaliyar ruwa a cikin birane a shekarar 2020 ta lalata akalla gidaje 2,371, kuma ta hallaka amfanin gona.
Ragewa da daidaitawa
Manufofin da dokoki
Gambiya ta buga Shirin Ayyuka na Canjin Yanayi wanda ke mai da hankali kan ayyukan bangarori 24.
Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa
Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya fara aikin dala miliyan 20.5 tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Gambiya don dawo da gandun daji da filayen noma.
Manazarta |
45709 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annabi%20Sulaiman | Annabi Sulaiman | Sulaiman ibn Dawud ( , lit. ' Sulemanu ɗan Dawuda ' kamar yadda Alqur'ani ya faɗa, babban sarki ne ( . , lit. ' ) kuma Annabin Allah ne wanda Allah SWT ya turo shi zuwa Isra'ilawa.
Gabaɗaya, al'adar Musulunci ta imanin cewa shi ne sarki na uku na Yahudawa kuma sarki mai hikima na Isra'ila .
A Addinin Musulunci ana kallon Sulaiman a matsayin daya daga cikin Annabawan Allah SWT wanda aka yi masa baiwa da yawa daga cikin baiwar Ubangiji da suka hada da iya magana da dabbobi da aljanu; kuma an ce ya bautar da shaidanu tare da taimakon sanda ko zobe da Allah (SWT) ya ba shi.
Musulmai sun ci gaba da cewa ya kasance mai tauhidi a tsawon rayuwarsa; ya mulki al’ummar Isra’ila da adalci; an albarkace shi da wani matsayi na sarauta da ba a bai wa kowa ba a gabaninsa ko bayansa; kuma ya cika dukkan umurninsa, an yi masa alkawarin kusanci ga Allah a cikin Aljannah a karshen rayuwarsa. Tun bayan hawan Musulunci, masana tarihi na Larabawa daban-daban sun dauki Annabi Sulemanu a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan sarakuna na duniya gaba daya a tarihi.
Alqur'ani da tafsiri
Hukunce hukunce
A farkon labarin da ya shafi Annabi Sulaiman, Al Kur’ani mai girma a cikin suratul Al-anbiya aya ta 78 (21:78) ya yi ishara da wani labari cewa Annabi Sulaiman yana tare da ubansa, sa’ad da wasu mutane biyu suka je suka nemi Annabi Dawuda ya yi hukunci a tsakaninsu a kan wani al’amari . Daga baya malaman tafsirin musulunci sun fadada maganar, ciki har da Al-Tabari, da Baidawi, da Ibn Kathir . Sun ce na farko a cikin mutanen biyu ya ce yana da gonar inabin da yake kula dashi sosai duk shekara. Amma wata rana, sa’ad da ba ya nan, tumakin mutumin sun ɓace cikin gonar inabin kuma suka cinye ’ ya’yan inabin . Ya nemi a biya shi wannan barnar. Da Annabi Sulaimanu ya ji ƙarar mutumin, sai ya ba da shawara cewa mai tumakin ya ɗauki gonar inabin mutumin don ya gyara shi ya yi noma har sai inabin ya koma yadda yake a dā, sa’an nan ya mayar wa mai shi. Haka nan kuma, mai garkar inabin zai kula da tumakin kuma ya amfana da ulunsu da nono har sai an mayar masa da ƙasarsa, sa’an nan ya mayar da tumakin ga mai shi. Wannan martani yana nuna matakin shari'ar Annabi Sulemanu, wanda, Al Kur'ani mai girma ya ce, zai siffanta Annabi Sulaiman a tsawon rayuwarsa. , bisa ga al’adar musulunci, koyaushe ana danganta shi da Annabi Sulaiman, wanda daga baya ma za a kira shi Sulaimān al-Ḥakīm ( , "Sulaiman Mai Hikima"). An daidaita wannan labarin a cikin Kebra Nagast, amma a matsayin sabani da wani ɗan Sulaiman ya yanke hukunci.
Annabi Sulaiman da aljanu
Alkur'ani mai girma ya ba da labarin cewa iskar ta kasance karkashin ikon Annabi Sulaiman ne, kuma yana iya sarrafa ta da son ransa, kuma aljanu ma sun shiga karkashin ikon Annabi Sulaiman. Aljanu sun taimaka wajen ƙarfafa mulkin Annabi Sulemanu. Shaidanun ( shayatin ), da aljanu an tilasta masa su gina masa abubuwan tarihi. Allah kuma ya sanya wani mu'ujiza ’ayn ( , 'fount' ko 'spring') na zubin qiṭr ( , 'tagulla' ko 'tagulla') don malalo don Annabi Sulemanu, aljanu za su yi amfani da su wajen gininsu.
Lokacin da Mahaifin Annabi Sulaiman wato Annabi Dauda ya rasu, Annabi Sulemanu ya gāji matsayinsa na sarkin Annabci na Isra’ilawa. Annabi Sulemanu ya taɓa ba mace izinin gina mutum-mutumi na mahaifinta. Daga baya, ta fara bauta wa mutum-mutumin kuma aka tsauta wa Annabi Sulemanu don ya amince da bautar gumaka a cikin mulkinsa. A matsayin hukunci, Allah ya baiwa ɗaya daga cikin aljanun bayin damar saci zoben Annabi Sulemanu ya karɓi mulkinsa (an fada a Suratu Sad 38:34). Daga baya ya tuba zunubinsa kuma ya sake samun iko bisa aljanu, ya mai da hankali ga sake gina haikalin. Ya roki Allah ya ba shi mulki da ba kamar na bayansa ba. Allah ya karbi addu'ar Sulemanu kuma ya ba shi abin da ya ga dama.
Annabi Sulaiman da tururuwa
An sanar da Annabi Sulemanu harsuna dabam-dabam na dabbobi, kamar tururuwa . Alqur'ani mai girma ya ce, wata rana Annabi Sulaiman da rundunarsa suka shiga wani wadin-naml ( , kwarin tururuwa ). A kan ganin Annabi Sulaiman da rundunarsa, a namlah ( , mace tururuwa) ta gargaɗi dukan sauran su "ku shiga cikin mazauninku, kada Annabi Sulemanu da rundunarsa su murkushe ku (ƙarƙashin ƙafa) ba tare da sun sani ba." Nan da nan ya fahimci abin da tururuwa ta ce, Annabi Sulemanu, kamar kullum, ya yi addu'a ga Allah, yana gode masa da ya yi masa irin wannan kyauta kuma ya ƙara guje wa tattake yankunan tururuwa. Hikimar Annabi Sulemanu kuwa, ita ce wata baiwar da ya samu daga wurin Allah, kuma Musulmi sun tabbatar da cewa Suleman bai manta da addu’arsa ta yau da kullum ba, wadda ta fi kowace baiwar muhimmanci a gare shi.
Manazarta |
43185 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20Foufou%C3%A9%20Ziga | Patricia Foufoué Ziga | Patricia Foufoué Ziga (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Maris 1972) 'yar wasan tseren kasar Cote d'Ivoire ce mai ritaya wacce ta kware a tseren mita 100.
Ta yi gasar tseren mita 100 a gasar Olympics ta shekarar 1992, amma ba ta wuce matakin zafi ba.
Ta kare a matsayi na shida a cikin tseren mita 60 a Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta Duniya a shekarar 1993 . Ta taba shiga gasar a shekarar 1991, amma ba ta kai wasan karshe a lokacin ba.
Mafi kyawun lokacinta shine daƙiƙa 11.48, wanda aka samu a watan Yuli 1990 a Montgeron.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1972 |
26189 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safo | Safo | Safo na iya nufin abubuwa kamar haka:
Balcha Safo (1863 – 1936), janar Habasha
Safo, Mali, gari da kuma gari a Yankin Koulikoro na Mali
Safo, Nijar, ƙauye da ƙauyukan ƙauyuka a Nijar
Safo, tarihi de una pasión, fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Argentina na 1943
Sarah Adwoa Safo, lauya 'yar kasar Ghana kuma' yar siyasa
Safo'63, ("Soyayya da Jima'i (Sappho '63)"), fim na Mexico na 1964
Duba kuma
SAFO, kayan aikin bayanai ne a cikin jama'ar jirgin sama
Sappho, tsohon mawaƙin Girka
Suna |
22385 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yancin%20Tunani | Yancin Tunani | 'Yancin tunani (wanda kuma ake kira ' yancin lamiri ko ra'ayoyi ) 'yanci ne na mutum ya rike ko kuma ya yi la’akari da wata hujja, ko ra’ayi, ko tunani, ba tare da ra’ayin wasu ba.
Bayani
Kowane mutum yana ƙoƙari ya mallaki karfin ikon tunani ta hanyar haɓaka ilimi, ra'ayoyi da kimanta su a cikin yanayin da aka bayar. Wannan ƙwarewar tunani tana ba da gamsuwa da maye gurbin jin rashin taimako. Baya ga kawo sauki ga son zuciyar mutum, sabon ilimi da ra'ayoyi suna kawo fata na nan gabada sauran su.
'Yancin tunani shi ne gabatacce magidanci don kulla alaƙa ta kusa da — sauran' yanci, da abubuwn kara yanci gami da 'yancin addini ,' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Kodayake 'yanci na tunani yana da mahimmanci ga sauran' yanci da yawa, amma ba a buƙatar su don yin aiki da wanzuwa. Tsinkayan 'yanci ko hakki baya bada garantin kasancewar shi, halalcin sa, ko kariya ta hanyar tsarin falsafa. Wannan ra'ayi ne mai matukar mahimmanci a cikin Yammacin duniya kuma kusan duk kundin tsarin mulkin dimokiradiyya yana kiyaye wadannan 'yanci da ake da su.
Misali, Dokar 'Yanci ta kunshi sanannen tabbataccen a cikin Kwaskwarimar Farko cewa ba za a yi dokokin da za su tsoma baki cikin addini ba "ko kuma hana aiwatar da shi kyauta". Alkalin Kotun Koli na kasar Amurka, Benjamin Cardozo ya ba da hujja a cikin Palko v. Connecticut (1937):
Irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin mamihimmin bangare ne na dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya . A cikin Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya (UDHR), wacce ke kan doka a kan kasashen mambobi na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa (ICCPR), "' yancin tunani" an jera shi a karkashin Mataki na goma Sha takwas 18:
Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce wannan, "ya banbanta da 'yancin tunani, lamiri, addini ko imani daga' yancin bayyana addini ko imani. Ba ta ba da izinin kowane iya kancewa ba game da 'yancin tunani da lamiri ko' yancin samun ko karɓar addini ko imanin zaɓin mutum. Wadannan 'yanci ana kiyaye su ba tare da wani sharadi ba ”. Hakazalika, Mataki na 19 na dokar ta UDHR ta ba da tabbacin cewa "Kowa na da 'yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa da kuma fadin albarkacin bakinsa; wannan hakkin ya hada da' yancin gudanar da ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba ko muzgunawa da cin zarafin wani ba".
Tarihin ci gaba da danniya
Ba zai yiwuwa a san tabbatacce abin da wani yake tunani, yana sa danniya da wuya. An inganta manufar a cikin littafin baibul mafi cikakke a rubuce-rubucen Paul na Tarsus (misali, "Don me zai sa a hukunta 'yanci na [eleutheria ] ta lamirin wani [ suneideseos ]?" 1 Korantiyawa 10:29).
Kodayake masana Falsafa na Girka Plato da Socrates sun tattauna yancin Tunani kaɗan, amma umarnin Sarki Ashoka (ƙarni na 3 kafin haihuwar Yesu) an kira shi doka ta farko game da 'Yancin Lamiri. A cikin al'adun Turai, baya ga dokar haƙuri da addini da Constantine I ya yi a Milan a 313, masana falsafa Themistius, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, da John Stuart Mill da masu ilimin tauhidi Roger Williams da Samuel Rutherford an dauke su manyan masu yarda da ra'ayin 'Yancin Lamiri (ko' 'yanci rai' a cikin kalmomin Roger Williams).
Sarauniya Elizabeth I ta soke dokar takunkumin tunani a karshen karni na sha shida, saboda, a cewar Sir Francis Bacon, ba ta "son [yin] tagogi a cikin rayukan maza da tunanin sirrinsu". A lokacin mulkinta, masanin ilmin lissafi, masanin lissafi, masanin taurari, kuma masanin taurari Giordano Bruno ya nemi mafaka a Ingila daga binciken Italiya, inda ya buga wasu littattafansa game da sararin samaniya mara iyaka da kuma batutuwan da Cocin Katolika ta hana. Bayan barin amincin Ingilishi, daga ƙarshe an ƙona Bruno a matsayin ɗan bidi'a a Roma saboda ƙin sakewa da ra'ayinsa. A dalilin haka ne wasu suke ganin shi shahidi ne don 'yancin tunani da albarkacin bakinsa.
Ignaz von Döllinger ne ya bayyana Oliver Cromwell a matsayin "na farko a cikin manyan mutanen duniya da suka kafa wata ka'ida ta musamman ta addini, da kuma aiwatar da ita har zuwa lokacin da yake cikin sa:. . . Ka'idar 'yanci ta lamiri da watsi da tilastawa addini "
Koyaya, ana iya iyakance 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ta hanyar takunkumi, kamawa, ƙona littafi, ko farfaganda, kuma wannan yana haifar da kashe' yancin tunani. Misali kamfen masu tasiri kan 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki sune kungiyoyin masana Soviet game da binciken kwayar halitta don yarda da ka'idar da aka sani da Lysenkoism, kamfen ɗin ƙona littattafai na Nazi Jamus, tsattsauran ra'ayi na adawa da ilimi wanda aka aiwatar a Cambodia ƙarƙashin Pol Pot, tsananin tsauraran matakai akan' yanci bayyana ra'ayi da gwamnatocin Kwaminisanci na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Cuba suka yi ko kuma ta hanyar kama-karya irin ta Augusto Pinochet a Chile da Francisco Franco a Spain .
Hasashen Sapir – Whorf, wanda ke nuna cewa tunani asaline cikin yare, zai tallafawa da'awar cewa yunƙurin takaita amfani da kalmomin harshe hakika wani nau'i ne na taƙaita damar yancin tunani. An bincika wannan a cikin littafin George Orwell na 1984, tare da ra'ayin Newspeak, wani nau'I na yaren Ingilishi wanda ake tuhumarsa da rashin ƙarfin misaltawa da iyakance maganganun asali.
Sannan Kuma kwanan nan, cigaban neuroimaging fasahar sun nuna damuwarsu, game da abokai kasancewa iya karanta da baya kashe tunani. Kodayake batun yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar larurar hankali, waɗannan damuwar suna haifar da filin da ke haifar da ƙarancin jijiyoyin jiki da ƙwarewar su.
Duba kuma
Manazarta
Kara karantawa
DV Coornhert, Synod akan 'Yancin Lamiri: Nazari Mai Kyau yayin Taruwar da Aka Gudanar a shekara ta 1582 a cikin fassarar Ingilishi a cikin Garin Freetown
Richard Joseph Cooke, 'Yancin tunani a koyarwar addini (1913)
Lucas Swaine, "'Yancin Tunani A Matsayin' Yanci Na Asali," Ka'idar Siyasa, 46: 3 (2018): 405-25. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0090591716676293
Eugene J. Cooper, "Tushen 'Yancin Mutum da' Yancin Lamiri a cikin Baibul : Tunani akan 1 Korantiyawa 8-10 ", Tauhidin tauhidin Irish Quarterly Dec 1975
George Botterill da Peter Carruthers, 'Falsafar Ilimin halin dan Adam', Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge (1999), p. 3
Hon. Sir John Laws, 'Iyakancin' Yancin Dan Adam ', [1998] PL Bazara, Mai Dadi & Maxwell da Masu Ba da Gudummawa, p. 260
Roger Williams, loudarancin Tsanantawa na Musamman don Dalilin Lamiri (1644; 1867 sake bugawa )
Samuel Rutherford, Lex, Rex ( 1644 )
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Hawan jini na Tsanantawa (sake bugawa ta 1867) (an isa ga Yuli 10, 2009, akan Litattafan Google)
Kamus na Tarihin Ra'ayoyi : 'Yancin Ilimi
Cibiyar Nazarin 'Yanci da Da'a - cibiyar sadarwar malamai ce da ke fadada doka, siyasa da ka'idojin' yancin tunani.
John Bagnell Bury (1861-1927) Tarihin 'Yancin Tunani |
32599 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Jackson | Caroline Jackson | Caroline Jackson (an haife ta a ranar 5 Nuwamba 1946 a Penzance, Cornwall ) 'yar siyasa ce a Burtaniya. Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na Jam'iyyar Conservative daga alif 1984 zuwa 2009.
Farkon aiki
Kafin ta zama MEP, Jackson ta kasance ma'abociya bincike a Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, inda ta sami digiri na uku a tarihin siyasa na karni na 19. Ta yi aiki a Sashen Bincike na Conservative daga 1973 zuwa 1974 kuma ta yi yaƙi da mazabar Birmingham Erdington a babban zaɓe na Fabrairu 1974 . Daga nan ta zama memba na ƙungiyar bincike da ke tallafawa MEPs na Conservative na Burtaniya na farko daga 1974 zuwa 1984.
'Yar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
An zabe ta don wakiltar mazabar Wiltshire tsakanin 1984 zuwa 1994, sannan sabuwar yankin Wiltshire North da Bath daga 1994 zuwa 1999 kuma daga 1999 zuwa 2009 ta zama MEP ga mazabar South West England .
A Majalisar Turai, ta kasance babban memba na Kwamitin Muhalli kuma tsakanin 1999 da 2004 ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Kula da Muhalli, Kare Masu Amfani da Lafiyar Jama'a. A lokacin shugabancinta, ta yi ƙoƙari ta mai da hankali sosai kan ayyukan da ƙasashe membobin ke yi wajen aiwatarwa da aiwatar da sabbin dokokin EU dangane da ɗaukar ƙarin irin waɗannan dokoki. Wannan ya kasance a lokacin da aka kafa doka mai tsanani a fannin ruwa da gurɓataccen iska, zubar da shara da kuma kula da sinadarai. Jackson ya sarrafa kwamitin da ƙarfi amma tare da ban dariya - halaye masu mahimmanci lokacin da masu adawa da Jamusawa na sabbin dokoki kan madadin magunguna suka yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa shari'a a cikin 1995. An lura cewa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2001 kwamitin Jackson shine kadai wanda bai dage ba lokacin da labarin hare-haren da aka kai a New York ya zo: Jackson ya yi jayayya cewa watsi da aikin kwamitin ba zato ba tsammani ya zama wata karamar nasara ga 'yan ta'adda. MEP Chris Davies na Liberal Democrat ya kwatanta Jackson kamar haka: "zata kasance a nan har abada: 'yar 'sandunan wasan hockey' amma ta tabbata, gaskiya da ban dariya."
Jackson ta ƙware, a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na majalisa, kan dokokin abubuwa maras amfani. Ta ɗauki Umarnin Landfill ta Majalisa a cikin 1997–8. A cikin 2008 ta kasance mai ba da rahoto kan Umarnin Tsarin Sharar gida . Da farko an soki shi da cewa yana kusa da harabar masana'antar sharar gida, Jackson ta yi nasarar hada kan mafi yawan abokan hamayyarta don goyan bayan wani buri na karshe wanda Majalisar Ministoci ta amince da shi kawai. Wannan ya sanya wajibi a kan Membobin Kasashe don cimma farashin sake amfani da su na 50% nan da shekarar 2020, wanda ya haifar wa Hukumar yiwuwar sanya manufofin rage sharar gida tare da share tambayar matsayin kona sharar a matsayin wani nau'i na "farfadowa" maimakon. fiye da "zuwa".
Jackson ta yi imanin cewa David Cameron bai yi kuskure ba ya umurci MEPs masu ra'ayin mazan jiya su fice daga jam'iyyar jama'ar Turai a 2009 saboda wannan yana nufin babbar hasarar tasirin siyasa. Ta yi nuni da cewa a gaskiya jam’iyyar Conservative ta samu ‘yancin kai na siyasa a cikin jam’iyyar EPP. Ta bayar da hujjar cewa sabon matsayi na Conservatives daga 2009 a cikin "Conservatives da Turai Reformists kungiyar" tare da Czech ODS jam'iyyar, Polish Law and Justice party da motley ma'aikatan Turai masu haƙƙin mallaka, na nufin cewa za su rasa tasiri da gani a cikin Majalisar Turai a daidai lokacin da ikon majalisar ke karuwa. Ta bayyana ra'ayoyinta a cikin labaran labarai a cikin 2009 kuma Cameron ya ji tsoron cewa za ta iya bin mijinta, Robert V. Jackson, MP for Wantage (1983-2005) don yin watsi da jam'iyyar Conservative ga Jam'iyyar Labour . Amma ta ci gaba da zama 'yar mazan jiya kuma jam'iyyar ta ba da yabo ga aikinta lokacin da ta bar majalisar, William Hague yana nuna cewa Jackson "koyaushe yana kan gaba".
Ta ajiye aiki a lokacin Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2009.
Aiki na gaba
Yanzu tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan muhalli. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawarwari na Hangen nesa a GDF Suez Environment kuma memba na Hukumar Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Turai .
Wallafe-wallafe
Pdf.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1946 |
53162 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Outalbali | Sami Outalbali | Articles with hCards
Sami Outalbali (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Maris shekarar 1999) ɗan wasan Faransa ne. Ya tashi don yin fice don nuna Ilyes akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na OCS a shekarata (2016-2019) kuma ya sami karbuwa na duniya saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Rahim a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Netflix Ilimin Jima'i a shekarar (2020-2021). Hakanan an san shi da rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan allahntaka Mortel a shekarar is (2019 – 2021) da fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo A Tale of Love and Desire (2021).y
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Sami Outalbali a Poissy, Yvelines, a ranar 19 ga watan Maris shekarar 1999. Yana da zuriyar Moroccan da Guadeloupean . Yana da shekaru 3, ya gwagwal bayyana a cikin wani tallan Disney .
Sana'a
Outalbali ya fara fitowa akan allo a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na France 3 Il faut sauver Saïd a cikin shekarar 2006. A cikin shekara ta 2011, ya taka rawa a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya Les Tuche .
Ya sami rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na OCS ( ; 2016-2019), wanda ya kirkira, wanda a ciki ya nuna Ilyes, dalibin makarantar sakandaren gay da ke zuwa ga sha'awar jima'i. A cikin Shekarar 2018, ya bayyana a farkon ɓangaren Arte miniseries ( ), wanda Philippe Faucon ya kirkira. A cikin shekara ta 2019, ya yi tauraro a cikin Laurent Micheli 's Lola da Benjamin Parent 's . A wannan shekarar, ya kuma bayyana a cikin jerin abubuwan allahntaka na Netflix Mortel a matsayin matashi mai suna Reda, babban ɗan'uwan Sofiane (Carl Malapa).
A cikin shekara ta 2019, ya shiga cikin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na biyu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Netflix Ilimin Jima'i a matsayin mai maimaitawa. A kan wasan kwaikwayon, wanda ke nuna alamar Turanci na farko, ya nuna Rahim Harrack, dalibin musayar Faransanci wanda ya zama ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna ga Eric Effiong ( Ncuti Gatwa ). Ya kuma dawo don shirin wasan kwaikwayo na uku. A watan Agusta shekarar 2020, ya yi tauraro a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar "Coup de Blues/Soleil" na Bigflo & Oli .
A cikin shekara ta 2019, an jefa shi a cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Leyla Bouzid A Tale of Love and Desire kamar yadda Ahmad Ouannas, wani matashi Bafaranshe dan asalin Aljeriya, wanda ya sami farkawa bayan saduwa da wata 'yar Tunisiya ( . ). Fim ɗin ya fito a cikin sashin Makon Masu sukar Duniya na shekarar 2021 Cannes Film Festival . Don wannan rawar, an zaɓi Outalbali don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a Kyautar Lumières na 27th da Mafi kyawun Jarumi a Kyautar César na 47th .
A cikin watan Afrilu shekarar 2022, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na juri a bikin Canneseries na 5 a Cannes . Ya fito a cikin fim din Cédric Jimenez na shekarar 2022 Novembre .
Rayuwa ta sirri
Tun daga shekarar 2020, Outalbali yana zaune a Paris .
Filmography
Fim
Talabijin
Bidiyon kiɗa
Kyaututtuka da zaɓe
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1999 |
25011 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muideen%20Ganiyu | Muideen Ganiyu | Muideen Ganiyu (an haife shi ranar 5 ga Mayu 1979) ɗan dambe ne daga Najeriya, wanda ya halarci gasar wasannin bazara ta 2004 ga ƙasarsa ta Yammacin Afirka. A can aka tsayar da shi a wasan kusa da na karshe na Featherweight (57 kg) rarrabuwa ta DPR ta Koriya ta ƙarshe Song Guk Kim. Shekara guda kafin hakan, ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin nauyin nauyi iri ɗaya a Gasar Wasannin Afirka a Abuja, Nigeria.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
wasanni-tunani
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1979 |
5922 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibi | Tibi | Tibi (TB) ko Tarin fuƙa: wata cuta ce, wadda ake kamuwa da ita daga kwayar cuta mai suna “mycobacterium Tuberculosis”(MTA). Tb cuta ce da ke shafar Hunhu amma tana iya shafar wasu gaɓoɓin jiki kuma. Yawancin cututtukan tibi ba su nuna alamar kasancewarsu a jiki ba. Kusan kashi 10 (10%) na cikin dari na tibi ba su nuna alamar kasancewarsu ba, suna iya zama ciwo idan ba a magancesu ba, zai kashe kusan rabin masu dauke da cutar idan ba a yi jiyyarsu ba. Mafi alamar cutar tibi su ne: tari, majina da jini, zazzabi, da zufa da daddare da kuma ramewa ko rage nauyi. Kalmar “ci” an samo ta dalilin ramewa bisa ga tarihi. Shafar wasu gabobbin jiki na iya nuna alamomi da dama.
Ana baza cutar tibi ta iska yayinda masu shi na tari daga huhu, tufa miyau, yi magana ko atishawa. Mutane masu dauke da kwayar cutar da bai zama ciwo ko ba, ba su baza cutar ba. Ciwo mai tsanani kan auku ne ga masu dauke da kwayar cutar sida da kanjamau da kuma masu shan taba. Ana yin binciken ciwon tibi ta daukar hoton kirji, da yin amfani da madubin likita, da kuma nazarin ruwan jiki.
Tsare kamuwa da tibi ta hada da gwajin wadanda ke da hadarin kamuwa da cutar, ganowa da sauri da kuma shan rigakafinta “bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine” na taimaka wajen magance cutar. Ýan gida, ofishi, da sabowa da jamaá masu tibi na da hatsarin samu ko kamuwa da wannan cutar. Jiyyar wannan cutar ta bukace amfani da maganin rigakafi na tsawon lokaci. Rashin jin maganin rigakafi na tsawon lokaci damuwa ce da ke kara rashin aukin Maganin-Tibi (MDR-TB).
Ana tunani kashi daya cikin goma na alúmmar duniya na da cutar tibi. Kashi daya cikin dari na mutanen duniya na sabowar kamuwa da cutar. A shekara ta 2014, an samu masu cutar Tibi miliyan tara da dubu dari shida (9.6 million) wanda ya kai ga mutuwar mutum miliyan daya da rabi (1.5 million). Mutane fiye da kashi tasain da biyar cikin dari (95%) sun salwanta a kasashe masu tasowa. Tun shekara ta 2000 an samu raguwa wajen kamuwa da cutar. Kusan kashi tamanin cikin dari (80%) na Kasashen Asiyawa da na Afrika an same su da wannan cutar sannan biyar zuwa goma na mutanen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an same su da kwayan cutar. Kasancewar tibi na nan tun dá.
Manazarta |
22763 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takalmi | Takalmi | Takalmi dai shi ne abunda mutane suke sakawa a kafafuwan su (sawayensu) domin kariya daga hakurra irin na daya da kwalba da kuma daukar cututtuka.
Tarihi
Kalmar takalmi ta samo asali ne daga fadi wasu cewa asalin kalmar ita ce " taka lumi" ma'ana ka taka kasa cikin kwanciyar hankali, ba tare da tunanin wani abu zai same ka ba, ko za ka taka wani abu ba.
Rabe-raben takalma
Takalma nau'insu na da yawa akwai takalmin shiga ruwa da yaki da bikin da bayi da gini da shiga daji da bacci da na gudu da na kwallo da na motsa jiki da kuma mai dogon diddige ( hill). Kuma akwai wadanda suka kebanta da mata da kuma na maza da na yara da na manya da dai sauransu. Akwai takalmi kala sittin da hudu kamar yadda bincike ya tabbatar..
Manazarta |
4721 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reis%20Ashraf | Reis Ashraf | Reis Ashraf (an haife shi a ranar 18 Satumba 1989) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
15999 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Enahoro | Anthony Enahoro | Cif Anthony Eromosele Enahoro (22 ga watan Yuli shekara ta alif 1923 A.c- ya mutu 15 ga watan Disamba 2010) yana daya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan rajin kare mulkin mallaka da masu rajin kare dimokiradiyya a Najeriya. An haife shi ɗan fari a cikin yara goma a Uromi a cikin Jihar Edo ta yanzu ta Nijeriya. Iyayensa Esan sune Anastasius Okotako Enahoro (1900-1968) da Fidelia Victoria Inibokun née Ogbidi Okojie (1906-1969). Enahoro ya daɗe yana da fice a fagen aikin jarida, siyasa, da ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma gwagwarmayar dimokiradiyya. Enahoro ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Uromi, da Makarantar Gwamnati Owo da Kwalejin King, da ke Legas, Enahoro ya zama editan jaridar Nnamdi Azikiwe, mai kare Kudancin Najeriya, Ibadan, a 1944 yana da shekara 21, don haka ya zama edita mafi karancin shekaru a Najeriya. Daga baya ya zama editan gidan wakafi na Zik, Kano, 1945–49, mataimakin edita na West African Pilot, Lagos, kuma babban editan jaridar Morning Star daga shekarar 1950 zuwa 1953.
Tarihin Rayuwa
A cikin 1953, Enahoro ya zama na farko da ya gabatar da kudirin neman ‘yancin Nijeriya wanda a karshe aka ba shi a cikin 1960 bayan koma bayan siyasa da yawa da shan kaye a majalisar. Enahoro ya sami ɗaukaka daga masana da yawancin Nigeriansan Najeriya a matsayin "Uban Kasar Najeriya". Koyaya, kudirinsa na neman ‘Yancin kan Najeriyar ya gamu da koma baya a majalisar a lokuta da dama tare da‘ yan majalisun arewacin kasar da suka shirya wani yajin aiki sakamakon abin da aka gabatar. Ba tare da shan kaye a majalisa ba, an fara wani yunkuri na musamman saboda wannan kudirin kuma yanzu an matsa lamba kan adawa da mulkin mallaka kuma akwai masu neman 'yanci ga Najeriya, ko kuma akalla mulkin kai. SL Akintola ya yi yunkurin sake duba kudirin neman ‘yancin Najeriya a shekarar 1957 kuma duk da cewa majalisar ta zartar da kudirin nasa amma hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ba su amince da shi ba saboda haka ya gaza. A watan Agusta 1958, Remi Fani-Kayode ya sake duba kudirin Enahoro kuma majalisar ta sake zartar da kudirin amma Burtaniya ba ta amince da ranar ba. Kudirin Fani-Kayode ya bukaci a baiwa Najeriya 'yanci a ranar 2 ga Afrilun 1960. An ba Nijeriya ‘yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. A cigaba da gabatar da kudirin na Enahoro, Sir Tafawa Balewa ya gabatar da kara gaban majalisar a 1959 kuma aka zartar. Sakamakon matsin lambar, gwamnan mulkin mallaka ya sanar da shawarar da gwamnatin Birtaniyya ta yanke na ba da 'yanci a 1960.
Rayuwar farko
An haife shi ɗan fari a cikin yara goma a ƙauyen Onewa, Uromi, a cikin jihar Edo ta Nijeriya a yanzu. Wasu daga cikin ‘yan’uwansa sun hada da Ambasada Edward, shahararren dan Jarida Peter (Peter Pan), Farfesa Henry, fitaccen mai yada labarai na Mike Enahoro Ace na gidan talabijin na NTA, Ben, Dan, Bess, Chris, da Emmanuel. Iyayensa Esan sune Anastasius Asuelinmen "Okotako" Enahoro (d. 1968) da Fidelia Inibokun née Ogbidi Okojie (d. 1969). Enahoro ya daɗe yana da fice a fagen aikin jarida, siyasa, da ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma gwagwarmayar dimokiradiyya. Enahoro ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Uromi, da Makarantar Gwamnati Owo da Kwalejin King, da ke Legas, ya zama editan jaridar Nnamdi Azikiwe, mai kare Kudancin Najeriya, Ibadan, a 1944 yana da shekara 21. A matsayinsa na dalibi a Kwalejin Sarakuna, Enahoro ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci na Najeriya da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka a farkon shekarun 1940, wanda ya haifar da tayar da dalibai a kwalejin a Legas inda ya kasance shugaban daliban. Ya shahara a fagen siyasa a lokacin canji mai saurin gaske. An yi masa daurin talala har sau biyu daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka, saboda wani labarin da ya yi izgili da wani tsohon gwamna, sannan ga wani jawabi da ya ce ya tunzura sojojin Najeriya da ke aiki a cikin sojojin Ingila. Turawan Ingila sun nuna shi a matsayin gobarar wuta, amma duk da cewa an daure shi a karo na uku, ya fara sake duba matsayinsa.
Siyasa
A cikin 1950 shi da Arthur Perst suka kafa Midungiyar Mid-West . Enahoro ya riga ya fara Mid-West Press kuma ya buga jaridar Najeriya daga 1950 zuwa 1953. Midungiyar Mid-West ta zama ɓangare na Groupungiyar Action a cikin 1951.
A lokacin rikicin Najeriya da ya biyo bayan juyin mulkin 1966, Enahoro shi ne shugaban tawagar Mid-West na wancan lokacin zuwa Taron Tsarin Mulki na Ad Hoc a Legas. Daga baya ya zama Kwamishinan Tarayya (Ministan) na Watsa Labarai da Kwadago a karkashin Gwamnatin Soja ta Janar Yakubu Gowon, 1967-77; Kwamishinan Tarayya na Ayyuka na Musamman, 1975. Daga baya ya zama memba na National Party of Nigeria, NPN, 1978–83. Ya kasance shugaban kasa, Bikin Duniya na Fasaha da Al'adu na Duniya, 1972-75.
Enahoro ya kasance shugaban National Democratic hadin gwiwa (NADECO), a pro-dimokuradiyya kungiyar cewa ya yi yaƙi fir'auna Sani Abacha har Abacha ta mutuwa. Enahoro an ba shi lambar girmamawa ta kasa ta Kwamanda, Order of the Federal Republic, CFR, a 1982, kuma shi ne shugaban kungiyar Movement for Reformation National, MNR; kazalika da Pro-National Conference Organisation, PRONACO . Jami'ar Benin ta bashi lambar girmamawa ta DSC a shekarar 1972. Littattafan nasa sun hada da rubutun Fugitive Offender . Enahoro ya yi wasan golf kuma ya bi kiriket da wasa. Enahoro wakili ne ga yawancin tarurrukan tsarin mulki da suka jagoranci samun 'yancin kan Najeriya a shekarar 1960.
Rikici a Yammacin Najeriya
A lokacin rikicin 1962 a tsohuwar yankin Yamma, an tsare shi tare da sauran mambobin kungiyar Action . An zargi Enahoro da cin amanar kasa yayin shari’ar juyin mulki da ake zargin Awolowo da aikatawa, Enahoro ya tsere ta kasar Ghana zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1963, Najeriya ta bukaci a mika Enahoro a karkashin Dokar Gudanar da Laifukan Masu Laifi na 1881, ta hana shi neman mafakar siyasa. A farkon 1963, sabon shugaban jam'iyyar Labour, Harold Wilson, ya gano abin kunyar da kama Enahoro da ɗaurin kurkukun ya haifar. Ma'aikata sun ci gaba da kai hari a cikin House of Commons, tare da tallafi daga wasu Tories, tare da goyan bayan kafofin watsa labarai. Ya kasance ɗayan sanannun Nigeriansan Najeriya a Biritaniya. Shi "mai laifi ne mai tsere" wanda ya haifar da muhawara ta kwanaki a cikin majalisar ta Commons a cikin 1963 yayin da yake gwagwarmaya da mika shi.
"Al'amarin na Enahoro" ya zama batun 'yancin ɗan adam tare da babban burin gwamnati na kada ta fusata Najeriya, kuma ya sanya firayim minista Tory, Harold Macmillan, da sakataren gidansa, Henry Brooke, cikin tsaka mai wuya.
An dawo da shi daga Burtaniya kuma an daure shi saboda cin amanar ƙasa. A 1966, Gwamnatin Soja ta sake shi.
Wasanni
Enahoro ya fito ne daga asalin wasanni. Ya yi fice a wasanni a Kwalejin King kuma an yaba masa da kasancewa dan Najeriya na farko da ya samu shiga kungiyar wasan golf a Najeriya. Ya sami nasarar kawo nakasasshensa zuwa mutum-mutumi guda daya yayin da yake aikin golf. Hakanan shi ne ya jagoranci kawo FESTAC zuwa Nijeriya a cikin shekarun 1970s, a lokacin ne kuma Muhammad Ali da Pele suka ziyarci ƙasar don yabawa sosai. Duk 'ya'yansa sun yi fice a wasanni yayin karatunsu da shekarun Jami'a, suna wasa Kwallan kafa, Rugby, Golf da Tennis. Kenneth (1953-2017) da Eugene gwanaye ne masu son wasan golf kuma sun kafa membobin kungiyar Asabar a Benin Golf Club. Annabella tana yin aikin Pilates kuma Gabriel mai son keke ne.
Legacy
A shekarar 1953, Anthony Enahoro ya gabatar da kudirin neman mulkin kai a Majalisar Dokoki ta Yamma, wanda a karshe ya haifar da samun ‘yancin kan Najeriya a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.
Iyali
Enahoro ya bar matarsa Helen [née Ediae] (1933-2012), yaransu biyar, jikoki da jikoki da dama.
Littattafai
Mai laifi mai gudu: labarin fursunonin siyasa
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Anthony Enahoro: Tabbacin Cutar
Anthony Enahoro: Gwajin Siyasa a Tarihi: Daga Tsoho zuwa Yau
Pages with unreviewed translations |
33462 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christie%20George | Christie George | Christie George (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1984) tsohuwar ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta mata a Najeriya wadda take buga wasan a gaba.
Ta kasance cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta shekarar 2008.
Duba kuma
Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2008
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
http://www.soccerpunter.com/players/19456-Christie-George
http://www.gettyimages.com/photos/nigeria-christie-george?excludenudity=true&sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phrase=nigeria%20christie%20george
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1984 |
15191 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Ogebe | Alice Ogebe | Alice Oya Ogebe (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Maris 1995) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Poland Ekstraliga KKP Bydgoszcz da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Najeriya.
Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa
Ogebe ta fara wasan ta na farko a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 2019 a wasan sada zumunta da suka yi da China PR 0-3.
Manazarta
Haihuwan 1995
Rayayyun mutane |
14992 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha%20Ahmad%20Sulaiman | Aisha Ahmad Sulaiman | Aisha Ahmad Suleiman An haife ta ne a ranar 17 ga watan Disamban shekarar 2001, yar Arewacin Najeriya ce mai buga wasan polo, kuma mai daukar hoto kuma yar kasuwa ce.
Farkon rayuwa
Ta fito daga jihar Kogi, amma an haife ta kuma ta girma a jihar Kaduna, Najeriya.
Wasan polo
Aisha tana daya daga cikin tsirarun 'yan wasan polo mata a duniya kuma ita kadai ce' yar wasan Polo daga Arewacin Najeriya a wannan lokacin. Tana taka leda a Klub din Polo na jihar Kaduna.
Manazarta
Mata
Mata Yan Najeriya |
21721 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filin%20shakatawa%20na%20Digya | Filin shakatawa na Digya | Filin shakatawa na Digya shi ne na biyu mafi girma a wurin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi tsufa yankin kariya ƙasar Ghana. Tana cikin Yankin Bono na Gabas. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1900 kuma an ba shi matsayin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1971. Filin shakatawar shine yanki kaɗai na gandun daji a Ghana da ke da Tafkin Volta a kan iyakokinta.
Labarin kasa
Da yake ya mamaye yanki mai murabba'in kilomita 3,743, wurin shakatawar shine na biyu mafi girma a kasar a Ghana. Tana cikin yankin Bono na Gabas kuma tana iyaka da arewa, kudu, da gabas tafkin Volta. Tana kan tsibiri mai zurfin ƙasa, yana da ƙasa mara kyau. Tana cikin wani yanki na rikon kwarya tsakanin daji da savanna.
Tarihi
An kirkiro dajin ƙasar na Digya a cikin shekarun 1900 a matsayin yanki mai kariya, na farko a cikin Ghana. Gwamnati ce ta saye shi kuma ta sanya shi a matsayin filin shakatawa na ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1971. Lokacin da gwamnati ta mallaki wurin shakatawar, akwai matsugunan zama a dajin, tare da yawancin mazauna wurin masunta ne da manoma. A cikin 2006, akwai ƙauyuka 49 kuma gwamnatin Ghana ta fara korar mazauna mazaunin daga wurin shakatawa. A farkon 2005, an kafa tsarin yin sintiri a wurin shakatawar don dakile ayyukan haramtacciyar hanya.
Dabbobin daji
Wurin shakatawar na dauke da aƙalla nau'ikan dabbobi shida da giwayen na wasu daga cikin nau'ikan da ba a yi karatu sosai ba akan su a Afirka. Giwayen da ke wurin shakatawar su ne na biyu mafi girma a Ghana. Za a iya samun nau'ikan halittar dawakai a wurin shakatawar. Hakanan akwai 'yan baya da marassa haske a cikin tafkin Volta wadanda suka faɗaɗa cikin Filin shakatawa na Digya. Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 236 ke zaune a wurin shakatawar. Wannan wurin shakatawar shine yanki kaɗai na ƙasar daji a cikin Ghana da ke iyaka a tafkin Volta, mafi girma da ruwa da ɗan adam yayi a ƙasar.
Manazarta |
15989 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris%20Jacob | Doris Jacob | Doris Jacob (an haife ta ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, 1981). Ƴar tseren Najeriya ce da ta kware a mita 400.
Gasa
Duah ta gama na bakwai a tseren mita 4 x 400 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na 1997, da abokan wasan sa Olabisi Afolabi, Fatima Yusuf da Falilat Ogunkoya. Kasancewa cikin wannan taron a wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000, ƙungiyar tare da Jacob, Afolabi, Rosemary Okafor da Charity Opara sun kafa tarihin ƙasa na mintuna 3: 22.99 a cikin zafin su. Yakubu kuma ya taimaka lashe lambar tagulla a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 .
A kan daidaikun mutane, Yakubu ya lashe lambar azurfa a Wasannin Wasannin Afirka na 2003 da lambar tagulla a Jami’ar bazara ta 1999, na ƙarshe a cikin mafi kyawun lokacin 51 seconds.
Nasarori
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1981 |
24927 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany%20Porter | Tiffany Porter | Tiffany Adaeze Porter ( née Ofili ; an haifeta ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, 1987) yar wasan tsere ce da ƙwararrun 'yan wasa tare da haɗin gwiwar' yan asalin Burtaniya da Amurka waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin matsalolin mita 100. Ta wakilci Amurka a matsayin ƙarami, amma ta fara wakiltar Burtaniya a cikin 2010 akan shiga manyan mukamai bayan ta koma Ingila kuma ta fafata da Burtaniya a Gasar Wasannin Olympics na 2012 a London.
Porter won ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin 100 m cikas a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2013 . A shekara ta 2014, ta lashe lambar azurfa mai wakiltar Ingila a wasannin Commonwealth . Daga baya a cikin 2014 ta ɗauki babban taken ta na farko, lambar zinare a Gasar Turai, ta zama mace ta Burtaniya ta farko da ta lashe taken Turai a cikin taron. Mafi kyawun nata na 12.51 shine rikodin Burtaniya na yanzu. Hakanan ita ma ta lashe lambar yabo sau biyu sama da cikas na mita 60 a Gasar Cikin Gida ta Duniya .
Ita 'yar'uwar Cindy Ofili ce, wata fitacciyar' yar tseren gudu tare da 'yan asalin Biritaniya da Amurka biyu; Ofili, shima, ya zaɓi wakiltar Burtaniya a duniya. Ba kamar Porter ba, Ofili bai taɓa wakiltar Amurka a matsayin ƙarami ba. Duk 'yan uwan biyu sun yi wasan karshe na tseren mita 100 a gasar wasannin bazara ta 2016.
Rayuwar farko
Mahaifin Tiffany Porter Felix dan Najeriya ne, mahaifiyarta Lalana 'yar asalin Burtaniya ce. An haifi Porter a Amurka. Ta rike 'yan asalin Amurka da Burtaniya tun daga haihuwarta. Don haka ta cancanci wakilcin duka Amurka da Burtaniya. Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mai alfahari da kasancewarta Ba'amurke, Birtaniyya da Najeriya".
Aikin motsa jiki
A matsayin ɗan wasan Amurka, Porter ya wakilci Amurka a Gasar NACAC ta farko da ta lashe lambar azurfa. Koyaya, a ƙarshen kakar 2010, ta canza amincinta zuwa Burtaniya. Da take tsokaci game da sauya shekar, ta ce: "Na san zan yi wasan ko da wanne rigar da nake da ita. A koyaushe ina ɗaukar kaina a matsayin ɗan Burtaniya, Amurka da Najeriya. Ni duka uku ne. ”
A ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2011, a Wasan Fanny Blankers-Koen, Porter ya karya tarihin Angie Thorp na shekaru 15 na Biritaniya na 12.80s a cikin Matsalolin 100m tare da gudu na 12.77s. Thorp ta ce "ta yi matukar bacin rai" a lokacin da ta rasa rikodin ta ga wani dan wasan Amurka. Thorp ta ce da ta taya wani fitaccen dan wasan Burtaniya wanda ya dauki rikodin ta; a lokacin Jessica Ennis da Sarah Claxton duka suna da mafi kyawun na 12.81s.
Porter ta saukar da rikodin ta na Burtaniya a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2011, tare da lokacin 12.60s a taron Diamond League a Monaco, ta karya mafi kyawun abin da ta gabata na 12.73s (wanda aka saita lokacin tana ɗan wasan Amurka). An karya rikodin ta a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta 2012 ta Jessica Ennis a gasar heptathlon ta London da ta kai 12.54. A watan Satumba na 2011 an ba ta takara don " Gwarzon dan wasan Turai na bana ". A watan Oktoba an sanar da mai tseren mita 800 Mariya Savinova a matsayin wacce ta yi nasara.
Babban kocin 'yan wasan Burtaniya , Charles van Commenee ya bai wa Porter alhakin kyaftin din kungiyar kafin gasar cikin gida ta duniya ta 2012 a watan Maris; daga baya an sanya mata suna " Plastit Brit " bayan ta ƙi (ko ta kasa) don karanta kalmomin taken ƙasar ta Burtaniya a cikin taron manema labarai.
A cikin 2012 an zaɓi Porter don "ɗan wasan Turai na Watan" sau biyu. A watan Maris an ba ta takara tare da sauran 'yan Burtaniya Katarina Johnson-Thompson da Yamile Aldama . An sake zabar ta a watan Mayu, wannan karon tare da Hannah Ingila da wanda ya ci nasara a ƙarshe Jessica Ennis .
A shekar 2013 Porter ya canza masu horarwa daga James Henry zuwa Rana Reider, kuma ya koma Loughborough don yin horo tare da ƙungiyar Reider a Cibiyar Babban Ayyukan Jami'ar Loughborough. A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2013 a Moscow, ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin Matsalar mita 100 a cikin mafi kyawun lokacin dakika 12.55, kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na daƙiƙi a kashe rikodin Jessica Ennis na Biritaniya na 12.54.
Porter ya fara 2014 ta hanyar lashe lambar tagulla a cikin tsaunukan mita 60 a Gasar Cikin Gida ta Duniya . Sannan a watan Agusta, ta yi tsere da 12.80 don lashe lambar azurfa a tseren mita 100 a wasannin Commonwealth a Glasgow, a bayan Sally Pearson na Australia. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ta lashe Gasar Turai a Zurich, tare da lokacin 12.76. A watan Satumba, a Gasar Cin Kofin Nahiyoyi ta IAAF, ta karya tarihin Burtaniya tare da lokacin dakika 12.51, inda ta kare a bayan Dawn Harper-Nelson na Amurka.
Porter babbar 'yar'uwar maharbin Cindy Ofili, wacce ita ma ke fafatawa da Burtaniya.
Porter ya auri Ba'amurke Jeff Porter a watan Mayu shekara ta 2011, kuma ya fara gasa a ƙarƙashin sunan aurenta a watan Yuli shekekara ta 2011, da farko a matsayin Tiffany Ofili-Porter, sannan kawai a matsayin Tiffany Porter. Ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Michigan tare da PhD a fannin harhada magunguna a 2012. {|
|-
!colspan="6"|Representing the
|-
|2006
|World Junior Championships
|Beijing, China
| style="background:#c96;"| 3rd
|100 m hurdles
|13.37 (0.0 m/s)
|-
|2007
|NACAC Championships
|San Salvador, El Salvador
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|100 m hurdles
|13.27
|-
|2008
|NACAC U-23 Championships
|Toluca, México
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|100m hurdles
|12.82 (-0.6 m/s) A
|-
!colspan="6"|Representing /
|-
|rowspan=3|2011
|European Indoor Championships
|Paris, France
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|60 m hurdles
|7.80
|-
|rowspan=2|World Championships
|rowspan=2|Daegu, South Korea
|4th
|100 m hurdles
|12.63
|-
|heats
|4 × 100 m relay
|43.95
|-
|rowspan=2|2012
|World Indoor Championships
|Istanbul, Turkey
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|60 m hurdles
|7.94
|-
|Olympic Games
|London, United Kingdom
|semi-final
|100 m hurdles
|12.79
|-
|2013
|World Championships
|Moscow, Russia
| style="background:#c96;"|3rd
|100 m hurdles
|12.55
|-
|rowspan=4|2014
|World Indoor Championships
|Sopot, Poland
|bgcolor="cc9966"| 3rd
|60 m hurdles
|7.86
|-
|Commonwealth Games
|Glasgow, Scotland
|bgcolor="silver"| 2nd
|100 m hurdles
|12.80
|-
|European Championships
|Zürich, Switzerland
|bgcolor="gold"| 1st
|100 m hurdles
|12.76
|-
|Continental Cup
|Marrakesh, Morocco
|bgcolor="silver"| 2nd
|100 m hurdles
|12.51
|-
|2015
|World Championships
|Beijing, China
|5th
|100 m hurdles
|12.68
|-
|rowspan=3|2016
|World Indoor Championships
|Portland, United States
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|60 m hurdles
|7.90
|-
|European Championships
|Amsterdam, Netherlands
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|100 m hurdles
|12.76
|-
|Olympic Games
|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|7th
|100 m hurdles
|12.76
|-
|2017
|World Championships
|London, United Kingdom
|29th (h)
|100 m hurdles
|13.18
|-
|2018
|Commonwealth Games
|Gold Coast, Australia
|6th
|100 m hurdles
|13.12
|-
|2021
|European Indoor Championships
|Torun, Poland
|bgcolor="cc9966"| 3rd
|60 m hurdles
|7.92
|}
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1987 |
15806 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esohe%20Frances%20Ikponmwen | Esohe Frances Ikponmwen | Esohe Frances Ikponmwen (an haife ta ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, 1954). ita ce babbar alkalin yanzu na Jihar Edo, Nijeriya. Ta samu digirinta na lauya a jami’ar Najeriya da ke Enugu. Ikponmwen ta shiga harkar shari’a ta Edo tun bayan kafuwar jihar.
Ikponmwen ne a ƙarshen-Day Saint . Tana auren Edward Osawaru Ikponmwen, kuma tana da yara biyar.
Hanyoyin waje
Labari daga Jaridar The Nation of Nigeria akan karbar Ikponmwen akan karagar mulki
Labarin Labarin Mormon akan Ikponmwen
Bayanin shari'ar jihar Edo na Ikponmwen
Manazarta
Lauyoyi yan Najeriya
Mata |
45298 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital%20Nizigiyimana | Vital Nizigiyimana | Vital Nizigiyimana ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar USL League One Forward Madison FC.
Sana'a
Youth and college
Nizigiyimana ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a makarantar sakandare a Tucker High School a Tucker, Georgia. Ya kuma buga wa Georgia United Academy wasa.
A cikin shekarar 2017, Nizigiyimana ya koma Madison, Wisconsin kuma ya buga wa Madison College Wolfpack da Madison 56ers wasa.
Kwararre
A cikin shekarar 2019, an rattaba hannu kan Nizigiyimana zuwa kwangila tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Forward Madison FC bayan nasarar gwaji. Ya sake sanya hannu da kungiyar kafin kakar wasa ta 2020.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Vital Nizigiyimana at USL League One
Vital Nizigiyimana at Madison College Athletics
..
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1997
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
27815 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahaya%20Abdulkarim | Yahaya Abdulkarim | Yahaya Abdulkarim (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta alif dari tara da arba'in da hudu 1944), ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda yayi gwamnan jihar Sokoto, tsakanin watan Janairun shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da biyu 1992, zuwa watan Nuwamban shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da uku 1993, a lokacin ƙoƙarin Janar Ibrahim Babangida zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya. Bayan komawar dimokuraɗiyya a shekara ta alif 1999, ya zama mai mulki a jam'iyyar PDP reshen jihar Zamfara, kuma ya yi aiki na wani lokaci a majalisar ministocin shugaba ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo.
Farkon aiki
An haifi Yahaya Abdulkarim a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1944 a garin kwatarkwashi dake jihar Zamfara. Mahaifinsa jami'in Hukumar Mulki ne. Ya shiga aikin farar hula na Jihar Arewa maso Yamma a matsayin malami, kuma ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban kafin ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1989 a matsayin Darakta-Janar a Ma’aikatar Kasafin Kuɗi da Tsare Tattalin Arziƙi ta Jihar Sakkwato.
Gwamnan Jahar Sokoto
An zaɓi Abdulkarim a matsayin gwamnan jihar Sokoto, Najeriya a watan Janairun shekara ta alif 1992, mai wakiltar National Republican Convention (NRC). A watan Nuwamban shekara ta 1993, gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Janar Sani Abacha ta tilasta masa sauka daga muƙaminsa. A lokacin da ya ke riƙe da muƙamin, ya samu saɓani da Attahiru Bafarawa, shugaban jam'iyyar NRC a jihar. Rikicin ya ci gaba, kuma a lokacin da Bafarawa ya zama Gwamnan Jihar Sakkwato a shekarar 1999. ya bi manufar yin watsi da duk wata hanya da gine-gine da gwamnatin Abdulkarim ta gina. A shekarar 1992, Abdulkarim ya rattaɓa hannu a kan ƙudirin kafa Makarantar Kimiyya ta Talata Mafara, daga baya aka canza mata suna Abdu Gusau Polytechnic.
Daga baya aiki
A watan Satumbar 2002, an naɗa Abdulkarim a wani ƙaramin kwamiti na Hukumar Raya Yankin Neja-Delta don sa ido kan ayyukan raya ƙasa na biliyoyin Naira da aka ƙaddamar a jihohi tara da ake haƙo mai.
An naɗa Abdulkarim ƙaramin ministan ayyuka a majalisar ministocin shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo a watan Yulin shekarar 2005. Ya maye gurbin Alhaji Saleh Shehu a wannan matsayi. A cikin watan Nuwamba shekarya ta 2006, ya buɗe tsare-tsare don faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen dawo da hanyoyin tituna don ƙaddamar da lokacin Kirsimeti. Lokacin da aka kori Ministan Ayyuka, Adeseye Ogunlewe, a cikin watan Maris, shekara ta 2006, an ƙara masa girma zuwa Ministan Ayyuka. kasance a gaban majalisar dattijai don binciken halinsa yayin da yake wannan ofishin.
Ya kasance ɗan takarar gwamnan jihar Zamfara a jam’iyyar PDP wanda bai yi nasara ba a zaɓen watan Afrilun shekarar 2007. A shekarar 2007, jam'iyyar PDP ta jihar Zamfara ta rabu gida biyu, ɗaya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abdulkarim, ɗaya kuma ƙarƙashin jagorancin tsohon mai ba shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro, Janar Aliyu Gusau. A watan Maris na shekarar 2008, Abdulkarim ya jagoranci wata tawaga daga Zamfara inda ya nemi shugaban jam’iyyar PDP na ƙasa, Prince Vincent Ogbulafor, da ya hana Gusau tsoma baki cikin harkokin jam’iyyar.
A watan Oktoban shekarar 2008, an ba da rahoton cewa yana neman muƙamin minista a majalisar ministocin shugaba Umaru Ƴar'Adua.
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1944
Rayayyun mutane |
44243 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsire | Tsire | Tsire ana yin shi ne da danyen nama da za'a yan-yanka shi kanana da dan fadi sai a samu tsinki siriri sai a tsira shi a cikin tsinken sai a balbada mashi dakakken kuli kuli a kuma yayyafa mashi man gyada a daura bisa waya a gasa shi
Iyayen mu mata kuma nayin na tukunya a gida
Manazarta |
35707 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarin%20hasken%20rana | Tsarin hasken rana | Tsarin Rana [ƙananan-alpha 1] shine tsarin daure da nauyi na Rana da abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. Ya samo asali ne shekaru biliyan 4.6 da suka gabata daga rugujewar wani katon gajimare na kwayoyin halitta. Mafi rinjaye (99.86%) na yawan tsarin yana cikin Rana, tare da mafi yawan ragowar taro a cikin duniyar Jupiter. Taurari na ciki guda hudu - Makyuri, Zuhura, Duniya da Mirrihi - taurari ne na kasa, wadanda suka hada da dutse da karfe. Giant taurari huɗu na tsarin waje sun fi na ƙasa girma kuma sunfi girma. Manyan biyun, Mushtari da Zahalu, su ne kattai na iskar gas, waɗanda galibi suka ƙunshi hydrogen da helium; Biyu na gaba, Uranus da Naftun, ƙattai ne na ƙanƙara, waɗanda galibi sun ƙunshi abubuwa marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ke da manyan wuraren narkewa idan aka kwatanta da hydrogen da helium, kamar ruwa, ammonia, da methane. Dukkan taurari takwas suna da kusan zagayen da'ira da ke kusa da jirgin saman kewayar duniya, wanda ake kira ecliptic.
Manazarta |
41771 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai%20Samame%20Nijar%202015 | Kai Samame Nijar 2015 | Harin da Nijar ta kai a shekarar 2015 bai yi nasara ba a garuruwan Bosso da Diffa na Jamhuriyar Nijar wanda ƴan Boko Haram suka kai harin. Lamarin dai ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, wanda ke zama karo na farko da mayaƙan Boko Haram suka kai wa jamhuriyar Nijar hari.
Fage
A watan Yunin 2013, ƴan gudun hijira tsakanin 5,000 zuwa 10,000 ne suka isa Bosso, wadanda suka gujewa fadan da ake yi tsakanin kungiyar Boko Haram da sojojin Najeriya a jihar Bornon Najeriya. Yawancin sun zargi sojoji da laifin tashe-tashen hankula da kuma take haƙƙin bil'adama.
Kogin Komadou Yobe ya raba garin Diffa da ke kan iyaka da Najeriya, sakamakon raguwar ruwan kogin da aka yi a baya-bayan nan, ya bai wa dimbin ƴan gudun hijirar Najeriya damar ficewa daga yankunan da ƴan tawaye ke iko da su zuwa Nijar da har yanzu ba a samu matsala ba.
A ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, kakakin majalisar dokokin Nijar ya sanar da cewa za a gudanar da tattaunawa kan yadda Nijar za ta shiga aikin yaƙi da Boko Haram.
Samame
A safiyar ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2015 ne mayaƙan Boko Haram suka kai hari a garuruwan Bosso da Diffa na Jamhuriyar Nijar, bayan da suka tsallaka zuwa Nijar daga maƙwabciyarta Najeriya. Sojojin Nijar sun yi nasarar dakile hare-haren tare da taimakon sojojin Chadi da suka jibge a Bosso tun ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu, sojojin saman Chadin kuma sun taka rawa a fadan. An kashe ƴan ta'adda da dama yayin da ƴan Boko Haram suka koma sansaninsu a Najeriya. Rikicin Nijar ya kai 4 da suka mutu, da fararen hula da dama da kuma wasu 17 da suka jikkata.
Nassoshi
Hare-hare
Hare-haren Boko Haram
Hare-haren Boko Haram a Maiduguri
Harin bom a Najeriya |
49768 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%20na%20Sudan%20ta%20Kudu | Fam na Sudan ta Kudu | Fam Sudan ta Kudu ( ISO code da gajarta: SSP ) kudin Jamhuriyar Sudan ta Kudu . An raba shi zuwa piasters 100. Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Sudan ta amince da shi kafin ballewar Sudan a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2011 .
An gabatar da shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2011, kuma ya maye gurbin fam na Sudan daidai. A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2011, fam na Sudan ya daina zama na doka a Sudan ta Kudu.
A ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2020, sakamakon faduwar darajar Fam na Sudan ta Kudu da dalar Amurka, Sudan ta Kudu ta sanar da cewa nan ba da dadewa ba za ta sauya kudinta.
Bayanan banki
Takardun kudin na dauke da hoton John Garang de Mabior, marigayi jagoran gwagwarmayar ‘yancin kai na Sudan ta Kudu.
Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban guda shida (SSP 1, SSP 5, SSP 10, SSP 25, SSP 50, SSP 100 da SSP 500) a cikin nau'ikan takardun banki an tabbatar da su, kuma ƙungiyoyi biyar (SSP 0.01, SSP 0.05, SSP 0.10, SSP 0.25 da SSP 0.50) za a fitar da su ta hanyar tsabar kudi.
Sabbin takardun banki uku na SSP 0.05, SSP 0.10, da SSP An buga 0.25 Oktoba 19, 2011.
Tushen farko na rarrabawa fam na Sudan ta Kudu a cikin ƙungiyoyin SSP 0.10, SSP 0.20, da SSP 0.50 an bayar da shi a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2015, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru huɗu da samun 'yancin kai daga Sudan.
A cikin 2016, Bankin Sudan ta Kudu ya ba da SSP 20 takardar banki don maye gurbin SSP 25 bayanin kula. A cikin 2018, Bankin Sudan ta Kudu ya gabatar da SSP 500 takardar banki don sauƙaƙa kasuwancin kuɗaɗen yau da kullun bayan shekaru na hauhawar farashin kaya.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin kuɗi don rage ruɗani, SSP An fitar da tsabar kuɗi 1 don maye gurbin SSP 1 takardar banki, da tsabar kudin SSP 2 kuma an sake shi. Farashin SSP 10, SSP 20 da SSP An sake tsara bayanin kula guda 100.
A watan Nuwambar 2016, Gwamnan Bankin Sudan ta Kudu ya fitar da wata sanarwa inda ya yi watsi da rahotannin karya da ke ikirarin cewa bankin na buga sabbin takardun kudi na SSP. 200, SSP 500 da SSP 1,000.
A cikin Fabrairu 2021, Bankin Sudan ta Kudu ya ba da SSP takardar kudi 1,000 a matsayin wani yunƙuri na yaƙi da hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da rikicin tattalin arziki. Bayanan banki na maroon yana da fasalin sanannen zane na John Garang akan bango, da hoton jiminai biyu a baya.
Tsabar kudi
Tsabar kudi a cikin ƙungiyoyin SSP 0.10, SSP 0.20, da SSP 0.50 an saka shi cikin yawo a ranar 9 ga Yuli 2015 ( Ranar 'Yancin Kudancin Sudan). As of 2016 , Sulalla na Sudan ta Kudu ana buga su a Mint na Afirka ta Kudu .
tsabar tsabar Bimetallic a cikin ƙungiyoyin SSP 1 da SSP 2 an sanya su cikin wurare dabam dabam yayin 2016.
Rufin makamai na Sudan ta Kudu mai suna 'Jamhuriyar Sudan ta Kudu' kuma kwanan wata zai bayyana a kan abubuwan da ke faruwa . Tsabar kudi daban-daban za su haɗa da:
SSP 0.10 - Karfe da aka yi da jan karfe - Na'urar mai.
SSP 0.20 - Karfe-Plated Brass - Shoebill stork .
SSP 0.50 - Karfe da aka yi da nickel - Farar karkanda ta Arewa .
SSP 1 - Cibiyar Karfe mai Tagulla / Ƙarfe mai nau'in nickel - Giraffe na Nubian .
SSP 2 - Cibiyar Karfe da aka yi da nickel / Zoben Karfe mai Tagulla - Garkuwar Afirka .
Farashin musayar
A lokacin da aka saki Fam Sudan ta Kudu a shekarar 2011, farashin musaya ya kasance SSP 2.75 ya kasance 1 US dollar. , farashin musaya na kasuwanci shine SSP 835.38 = 1 dalar Amurka.
Nassoshi
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Labarai game da takardun kudi na Sudan ta Kudu.
Bayanan banki na Sudan ta Kudu.
Kudade
Kudi
Kuɗi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
42042 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20daji%20na%20Afirka | Karen daji na Afirka | Karen daji na Afirka , kuma ana kiransa kare mai fenti ko karen farautar Cape, wani karen daji ne wanda asalinsa yana a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara . Shine karen daji mafi girma a Afirka, kuma shine kawai memba na jinsin Lycaon, wanda aka bambanta daga Canis ta hanyar haƙori na musamman don cin abinci na hypercarnivorous, da kuma rashin raɓa . An kiyasta cewa kusan manya 6,600 (ciki har da mutane 1,400 da suka balaga) suna rayuwa a cikin ɓangarorin 39 waɗanda duk ke fuskantar barazanar rarrabuwar kawuna, tsanantawar ɗan adam, da barkewar cututtuka. Kamar yadda mafi girman yawan jama'a mai yiwuwa ya ƙunshi ƙasa da mutane 250, an jera kare daji na Afirka a matsayin wanda ke cikin haɗari a cikin IUCN Red List tun shekarar 1990.
Wannan nau'in ƙwararre ne ta ƙwararrun mafarauci na tururuwa , wanda yake kamawa ta hanyar korar su zuwa gaji. Maƙiyansa na halitta zakuna ne da ƙuraye masu hange : na farko za su kashe karnuka a inda zai yiwu, yayin da kurayen ke yawan kamuwa da kleptoparasites.
Kamar sauran canids, karen daji na Afirka yana daidaita abinci ga 'ya'yansa, amma kuma yana faɗaɗa wannan aikin ga manyansa, a matsayin babban ɓangare na rayuwar zamantakewar fakitin. Ana barin matasa su fara ciyar da gawa.
An mutunta karen daji na Afirka a cikin al'ummomin mafarauta da yawa, musamman na mutanen San da Masarautar Prehistoric .
Asali da suna
Harshen Ingilishi yana da sunaye da yawa ma karen daji na Afirka, gami da karen farautar Afirka, karen farautar Cape, karen farautar fenti, karen fenti, da fentin lycaon. Wata ƙungiyar kiyayewa tana haɓaka sunan 'kerkeci fentin' a matsayin hanyar sake fasalin nau'in, saboda kare daji yana da ma'anoni mara kyau da yawa waɗanda zasu iya cutar da siffarsa. Duk da haka, sunan "karen daji na Afirka" har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai, Duk da haka, sunan "karen fentin" an gano shi ne mafi kusantar magance mummunan hasashe na nau'in.
Taxonomic da tarihin juyin halitta
Taxonomy
Manazarta |
5114 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Ball | Steve Ball | Steve Ball (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Satumban 1969) ƙwararren dan wasa ne kuma mai kula da tsare tsare na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila. Yanzu haka shine mai kula da tantagaryar kwallo na League Two club Colchester United.
Sana'arsa ta kwallo ta fara ne akulob din Arsenal
Manazarta
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
24186 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau | Tau | Tau /t ɔː, T aʊ / (babban Τ, Ƙaramin baki τ; [taf] ) shine harafi na Shatara 19 na haruffan Girka . A cikin tsarin lambobi na Girka yana da ƙimar Dari uku 300.
Ana furta sunan a Turanci /t aʊ / ko /t ɔː /, amma a Girkanci na zamani shine [tafe] . Wannan saboda lafazin haɗin haruffan Helenanci αυ ya canza daga tsoho zuwa zamani daga ɗayan zuwa ko dai ko , dangane da abin da ke biyo baya (duba tsarin rubutun Girkanci ).
An samo Tau daga harafin Phoenician taw (𐤕). Haruffa da suka taso daga tau sun haɗa da Roman T da Cyrillic Te (Т, т).
Harafin ya mamaye ramukan Unicode U+03C4 (ƙaramin harafi) da U+03A4 (babba). A cikin HTML, ana iya samar da su tare da ƙungiyoyi masu suna ( & tau; da & Tau; ), nassoshi goma ( & #964; da & #932; ), ko nassosin hexadecimal ( & #x3C4; da & #x3A4; ).
Amfani na zamani
Ana amfani da ƙaramin harafin as azaman alama don:
Adadin haraji na musamman
Ilimin halitta
Lokacin da aka bayyana raunin dabbanci na dabba, watau tsawon zagayowar dabba na yau da kullun idan aka kiyaye shi cikin haske ko duhu mai ɗorewa.
Tazarar kashi a cikin magungunan magunguna
Babban maudu'i a cikin ka'idar tau gabaɗaya
Tau a cikin biochemistry, furotin da ke da alaƙa da microtubules kuma yana cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative kamar cutar Alzheimer, wasu nau'ikan lalacewar lobar gaba, da encephalopathy traumatic
Lissafi
Aikin rarrabuwa a ka'idar lamba, kuma ana nufin d ko σ 0
Matsayin zinare (1.618 ...), kodayake φ ( phi ) yafi kowa
Kendall tau coefficient coefficient in statistics
Tsayawa lokaci a cikin hanyoyin stochastic.
Tau, da'irar madaidaiciya daidai da guda biyu 2 π (6.28318. . . )
Ayyukan Tau, da yawa
Torsion of a curve in different geometry
Fassara a cikin lissafin Euclidean (kodayake ana amfani da harafin Latin T sau da yawa)
Physics
Lokaci mai dacewa a dangantaka
Dama danniya a cikin injiniyoyin ci gaba
Rayuwar tsarin fitar da iska kwatsam
Tau, barbashi na farko a ilimin kimiyyar barbashi
Tau a ilmin taurari ma'auni ne na zurfin gani, ko nawa hasken rana ba zai iya shiga sararin samaniya ba
A kimiyyar zahiri, wani lokacin ana amfani da tau azaman mai canza lokaci, don gujewa rikitarwa a matsayin zafin jiki
Lokaci na dindindin (kuma lokacin hutu ) na kowane tsarin, kamar da'irar RC
Torque, ƙarfin juyawa a cikin makanikai
Alamar tortuosity a hydrogeology
Alama
A zamanin da, ana amfani da tau azaman alama don rayuwa ko tashin matattu, yayin da aka ɗauki harafin takwas na haruffan Helenanci, theta, alamar mutuwa .
A lokutan Littafi Mai -Tsarki, an ɗora tawul akan mutane don rarrabe waɗanda ke baƙin ciki akan zunubi, kodayake sabbin juzu'in Littafi Mai -Tsarki sun maye gurbin tsohuwar kalmar taw da alama (Ezekiel 9: 4) ko sa hannu (Ayuba 31:35). Darajarsa ta asali ita ce muryar alveolar marar murya, IPA /t /
Alamar gicciye an haɗa ta ba kawai ga harafin chi ba har ma da tau, kwatankwacin harafin ƙarshe a cikin Foniyawa da Tsoffin haruffan Ibrananci, wanda kuma asalinsa giciye ne a siffa; duba Cross na Tau .
Rubutun da aka rubuta a kusa da dari da sittin 160 AD, wanda aka danganta ga Lucian, mai gabatar da kara na doka wanda ake kira The Consonants at Law - Sigma vs. Tau, a cikin Kotun Baƙaƙen Bakwai, yana ɗauke da nuni ga sifa ta giciye. Sigma ya roki kotu da ta yankewa Tau hukuncin kisa ta hanyar giciye, yana mai cewa:
Maza suna kuka, suna makoki da yawa, suna la'antar Cadmus da la'ana da yawa don shigar da Tau cikin dangin haruffa; sun ce jikinsa ne azzalumai suka dauki abin koyi, siffarsa da suka yi koyi da ita, lokacin da suka kafa gine -ginen da ake gicciye maza. Stauros (giciye) ana kiran injin mugun aiki, kuma yana samo munanan sunanta daga gare shi. Yanzu, tare da duk waɗannan laifuffuka a kansa, bai cancanci mutuwa ba, a'a, mutuwar da yawa? A nawa bangaren na san babu wanda ya isa sai dai wanda ya kawo ta sifar sa - wannan sifar da ya baiwa gibbet mai suna stauros bayansa ta maza
Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar Tau azaman alamar umarnin Franciscan saboda ƙaunar St. Francis a gare ta, alamar fansa da Gicciye . Kusan dukkan majami'un Franciscan sun yi tau tau da hannaye biyu masu ketare, duka biyu da stigmata, ɗayan Yesu da ɗayan Francis; membobin Dokar Franciscan na Zamani galibi suna sanya wooden na katako a cikin kirtani mai ƙyalli uku a wuyansa
Sunaye da alamar "Tau" bishops neo-Gnostic ke amfani da su saboda yana da wasu alamomi a yawancin rassan Gnostic na zamani.
Maɓallan haruffa
Ga harafin Girkanci da na 'yan Koftik tau:
Ana amfani da waɗannan haruffan azaman alamomin lissafi kawai. Rubutun Girkanci mai salo yakamata a sanya shi rikodin ta amfani da haruffan Helenanci na al'ada, tare da yin alama da tsarawa don nuna salon rubutu.
Duba kuma
Ana amfani da haruffan Helenanci a lissafi, kimiyya, da injiniya
Bayanan kula
Manazarta |
44295 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther%20Gonz%C3%A1lez | Esther González | Esther González Rodríguez(an haifeta ne a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1992) kwararriyar ƴar wasan kwallon kafa ce wadda take taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasan gaba 'yar asalin kasar andalus wadda ke bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta real madrid da kuma kungiyar andalus ta mata, wacce a baya ta bugawa kungiyar Atletico Madrid wasa.
Sana'a
Esther ta buga wasan ta na farko ne da kungiyar kasa a wasan da suka ta shi kunnen doki da kasar romania
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1992
Rayayyun Mutane |
20337 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majalisar%20dokokin%20jihar%20Kogi | Majalisar dokokin jihar Kogi | Majalisar dokokin jihar Kogi ita ce bangaren kafa dokokin gwamnatin jihar Kogi ta Najeriya. Majalisar dokoki ce mai mambobi tare da mambobi 25 da aka zaba daga kananan hukumomi 21 na jihar. An kayyade kananan hukumomi biyu da ke da yawan mutanen da ba su da yawa a mazabu biyu don ba da wakilci daidai. Wannan ya sanya adadin yan majalisar a majalisar dokokin jihar Kogi 25.
Ayyuka
Ayyukan yau da kullun na Majalisar sune ƙirƙirar sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da ɓangaren zartarwa. An zabi membobin majalisar na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisar tarayya (majalisar dattijai da ta wakilai). Majalisar jihar tana yin taro sau uku a mako (Talata, Laraba da Alhamis) a harabar majalisar a cikin babban birnin jihar, Lokoja .
Dukkan mambobi 25 na majalisar dokokin jihar Kogi ta bakwai mambobin jam’iyyar (APC) ne. Babu ƴan adawa ko ɗaya
Manazarta
Jihar Kogi |
6657 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dith%20Cresson | Édith Cresson | Édith Cresson [lafazi : /edit kreson/] yar siyasan Faransa ce. An haife ta a shekara ta 1934 a Boulogne-Billancourt, Faransa. Édith Cresson firaministan kasar Faransa ce daga Mayu 1991 zuwa Afrilu 1992 (bayan Michel Rocard - kafin Pierre Bérégovoy).
'Yan siyasan Faransa |
38854 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Yandoma | Abdul Yandoma | An zaɓi Abdul Umar Yandoma Sanata mai wakiltar Katsina ta Arewa (Daura/Ingawa) a Mazaɓar Katsina ta Arewa a Najeriya a farkon jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Najeriya, inda ya tsaya takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP. Ya fara aiki a ranar 29 ga Mayu shekarar 1999.
Siyasa
Bayan ya hau kan kujerar majalisar dattawa a watan Yuni shekarar 1999, Yandoma ya zama kwamitocin din-din-din na majalisar dattawa a kan harkokin man fetur, da ma’adanai (shugaban kasa), sufuri, Niger Delta, harkokin gwamnati da kuma babban birnin tarayya A cikin wani binciken da aka yi a watan Disamba na 2001 kan Sanatoci, ThisDay ya kwatanta Yandoma a matsayin "mai zafi", ma'ana bai bayar da gudummawar kadan ba a muhawara ko wasu kasuwanci.
A watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2002 ne aka ruwaito cewa ya tsayar da takarar PDP a Katsina ta Arewa a shekarar 2003 inda ya goyi bayan tsohon ministan harkokin waje, Ambasada Zakari Ibrahim. Sai dai a watan Disambar shekarar 2002 bai yi hamayya ba a yunƙurinsa na zama ɗan takarar PDP. Ya fafata da tsohon Sanata Kanti Bello na jam’iyyar ANPP, wanda ya kayar da shi a zaɓen 1999. Kanti Bello ya na so ya lashe zaben.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Mutane daga Jihar Katsina
Yan Siyasan Najeriya |
60374 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taron%20sauyin%20yanayi%20na%20Majalisar%20%C6%8Ainkin%20Duniya%20na%201998 | Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 1998 | An gudanar da taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 1998, a watan Nuwamba 1998 a Buenos Aires, Argentina. Taron ya haɗada taron kasashe karo na 4 (COP4) ga tsarin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC). An yi tsammanin za'a kammala sauran batutuwan da ba'a warware su ba a Kyoto a wannan taron. Duk da haka, rikitarwa da wahalar samun yarjejeniya a kan waɗannan batutuwa sun kasance ba za a iya warwarewa ba, kuma a maimakon haka ɓangarorin sun amince da "Shirin Aiki" na shekaru 2 don cigaba da ƙoƙari da kuma tsara hanyoyin aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Kyoto, wanda za'a kammala nan da shekara ta 2000. A yayin taron, kasashen Argentina da Kazakhstan sun bayyana aniyarsu ta daukar nauyin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, ƙasashe biyu na farko da ba na Annex ba.
Manazarta |
52694 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Donne | John Donne | John Donne (/ dʌn/ DUN) (1571 ko 1572 - 31 Maris 1631) mawaƙin Ingilishi ne, masani, soja kuma sakatare da aka haifa a cikin dangin da ba su da tushe, wanda daga baya ya zama limami a Cocin Ingila. A ƙarƙashin ikon sarauta, an nada shi Dean na St Paul's Cathedral a London (1621-1631). An dauke shi babban wakilin mawakan metaphysical. An lura da ayyukansa na waƙa don misalinsu da salon sha'awa kuma sun haɗa da sonnets, waƙoƙin soyayya, waƙoƙin addini, fassarorin Latin, almara, ɗabi'a, waƙoƙi da satires. An kuma san shi da wa’azi.
Salon Donne yana da alamu daban-daban, abubuwan ban tsoro da ɓarna. Wadannan siffofi, tare da yawan kade-kaden kalamansa na ban mamaki ko na yau da kullum, da ma'anarsa mai tsauri da tsantsar balaga, duk sun kasance wani martani ga santsin wakokin Elizabethan na al'ada da kuma daidaitawa zuwa Turanci na bariki na Turai da dabarun ɗabi'a. Aikinsa na farko ya kasance da wakoki da ke da ilimin al'ummar Ingilishi. Wani muhimmin jigo a cikin waƙar Donne shine ra'ayin addini na gaskiya, wani abu da ya ɓata lokaci mai yawa yana yin la'akari da shi sau da yawa. Ya rubuta wakoki na boko da kuma wakokin batsa da na soyayya. Ya shahara musamman don ƙwarensa na tunani metaphysical.
Duk da yawan iliminsa da basirar waƙa, Donne ya rayu cikin talauci na shekaru da yawa, yana dogara ga abokai masu arziki. Ya kashe makudan kudaden da ya gada a lokacin da kuma bayan karatunsa a kan harkar mata, adabi, shagala da tafiye-tafiye. A cikin 1601, Donne ya auri Anne More a asirce, wanda yake da 'ya'ya goma sha biyu.[4] A shekara ta 1615 an naɗa shi diacon na Anglican sannan kuma firist, ko da yake ba ya so ya ɗauki umarni masu tsarki kuma ya yi hakan ne kawai domin sarki ya umarta. Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar a 1601 da 1614.
Mutuwarsa
Donne ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Maris 1631. An binne shi a tsohuwar cocin St Paul, inda aka gina wani mutum-mutumi na tunawa da Nicholas Stone tare da rubutun Latin mai yiwuwa ya haɗa shi da kansa. Tunawa ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun da suka tsira daga Babban Wuta na London a cikin 1666 kuma yanzu yana cikin Cathedral na St Paul. Izaac Walton ya amabaci cewa mutum-mutumin Done an tsara shine ta siffar yadda bayyanarsa zai-zama a tashin matattu. Ya fara irin wadannan abubuwan tarihi a cikin karni na 17. A cikin 2012, an buɗe bus ɗin mawaƙin na Nigel Boonham a waje a farfajiyar cocin cocin.[22]
Manazarta |
23784 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikin%20Donkyi | Bikin Donkyi | Bikin Donkyi biki ne na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen Mamase ke yi a yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana. Yawancin lokaci ana yin bikin ne a cikin watan Mayu.
Bukukuwa
Yayin bikin, ana maraba da baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya tufafin gargajiya kuma akwai durbar sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye -raye da kade -kade.
Muhimmanci
Ana yin wannan biki don nuna alamar wani abin da ya faru a baya.
Manazarta |
26213 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Guelb%C3%A9ly | N'Guelbély | N'Guelbély (wato: Nguel Bely, N'Guelbeyli, N'Guel Beyli) ne wani ƙauye da karkara ƙungiya ne a Nijar .
Bayani
N'Guelbély yana cikin Sahel. Ƙungiyoyin da ke maƙwabtaka da ita sune Tesker zuwa arewa, N'Gourti zuwa arewa maso gabas, Foulatari zuwa gabas, kudu da Maïné-Soroa Goudoumaria suna kudu maso yamma. An raba karamar hukumar zuwa ƙauyen gudanarwa na N'Guelbély, sansanoni biyar da hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu. Wurin zama na ƙauyen shine ƙauyen gudanarwa na N'Guelbély.
Tarihi
Al'ummar karkara na N'Guelbély sun fito a matsayin rukunin gudanarwa a cikin 2002 a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin gudanarwa na ƙasa baki ɗaya, yana raba yankin gundumar Maïné-Soroa, ƙirƙirar al'ummomin Foulatari, Maïné-Soroa da N'Guelbély.
A cikin ƙididdigar 2001, N'Guelbély yana da mazauna a ƙalla 1,000. A shekara ta 2010, an ba da rahoton mazauna 1,367.
Tattalin Arziki da Kaya
Al’ummar tana cikin yankin canzawa zuwa kudancin yankin Agropastoralismus na tattalin arzikin makiyaya mai kyau a arewa.
Manazarta
Nijar |
22225 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibiyar%20%C6%98asa%20da%20%C6%98asa%20ta%20Kare%20Ha%C6%99%C6%99in%20%C6%8Aan%20Adam%20da%20Cigaban%20Dimokura%C9%97iyya | Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Cigaban Dimokuraɗiyya | Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa ta Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam da Ci gaban Dimokiradiyya (Hakkoki & Dimokiradiyya), an kirkire ta ne don zama maras bangaranci, kungiyar Kanada mai zaman kanta. An kafa shi ne ta hanyar aikin majalisar dokokin Kanada a cikin Shekara ta 1988 don "karfafawa da tallafawa dabi'un duniya na 'yancin ɗan adam da haɓaka cibiyoyin dimokiradiyya da ayyuka a duniya." R&D ya karɓi kusan C $ 11m a kowace shekara a cikin tallafi daga gwamnatin Kanada.
An tuhumi R&D da aiki tare da mutane, kungiyoyi da gwamnatoci a Kanada da ƙasashen waje don haɓaka haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da na demokraɗiyya waɗanda aka ayyana a cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam na Humanan Adam (1948) . A karshen wannan kuma, R&D ya nemi ƙirƙirar kayan aiki don actimar Tasirin 'Yancin Dan Adam wanda ƙungiyoyin jama'a za su iya amfani da shi.
Tarihi
Kodayake kungiyar Kanada, aikinta ya kasance na kasa da kasa, wanda ya danganci tagwayen manufofin kungiyar: 'yancin dan adam na kasa da kasa da cigaban dimokiradiyya, musamman a ƙasashen da ba su ci gaba ba . Don haka Hakkoki & Dimokiradiyya sun kasance suna tattaunawa tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tattalin kasashen Arziki da, tsakanin sauran hukumomin duniya. Ta tallafawa ayyukan a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Gabas da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. An bayyana ayyukan kungiyar a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara ga Ministan Harkokin Wajen Kanada da majalisar dokoki.
John Humphrey Kyautar 'Yanci
Cibiyar ta bayar da lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara, wanda ake kira John Humphrey Freedom Award (wanda aka sa wa suna John Peters Humphrey ), ga wata kungiya ko wani mutum daga kowane bangare na duniya, gami da Kanada, don samun gagarumar nasara wajen bunkasa ci gaban dimokiradiyya ko mutunta hakkin dan Adam. Kyautar ta ƙunshi $ 25.000 (daga baya $ 30,000) kyauta da rangadin magana zuwa biranen Kanada don ƙara wayar da kan masu aikin. Wadanda suka ci nasara sun hada da Kimy Pernía Domicó ( Colombia ), Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo ( East Timor ), Cynthia Maung da Min Ko Naing, ( Burma ).
Rigima
An soki R&D sosai saboda zargin inganta matsayin yaƙi da rikice-rikice da haɗa kai da ƙungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda ke tallafawa manufofin da ba su dace da ƙimar Kanada ba. A musamman, bayan da Harper gwamnati ya bayyana cewa, a cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Durban Review taron, shirya Geneva a shekara ta 2009, Canada za su shiga, kuma babu kudaden gwamnati da za a iya amfani da goyan baya na taron a kan filaye cewa shi da Harper gwamnati yi imani da shi ya zama antisemitic. R&D a gwargwadon rahoto ya bijire da wannan manufar. A ranar 29 ga Oktoban, shekara ta 2009, a zaman majalisar na zaunannen kwamiti kan Harkokin Kasashen Waje, dan majalisa James Lunney ya tambayi Rémy Beauregard, wanda gwamnatin Liberal da ta gabata ta nada a matsayin shugaban R & D, "Shin 'Yanci da Dimokiradiyya na taka wata rawa, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, a cikin shiryawa ko kuma halartar taron a Durban? " Beauregard ya amsa: "A'a, ba mu yi ba," amma wani ma'aikacin R&D ya ba da rahoton cewa a lokacin shekara ta 2008, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki sosai a cikin shirye-shiryen wannan taron. Rahotannin sun kuma lura cewa "aƙalla ma'aikatan R&D guda bakwai suna aiki a Geneva" a lokacin, kuma lokacin da Deloitte & Touche suka duba kuɗin, ba shi yiwuwa a gano "yadda aka kashe fiye da $ 140,000 a cikin kuɗin R&D.
A tsakiyar waɗannan ayyukan da rikice-rikice, gwamnatin Harper ta canza shugabancin R & D, inda ta ambaci Farfesa Aurel Braun, daga Jami'ar Toronto, a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na R & D a cikin Shekara ta Janairu 2009. Beauregard nan da nan yayi arangama da Braun, kuma rikice-rikicen sun kara fadada bayan da Braun ya hade da kwamitin David Matas . Bayan takaddamar Durban, mambobin kwamitin suka yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da bayar da tallafi ga kungiyoyi uku, suna zargin biyu na da alaka da ta'addanci sannan dayan kuma da cewa bai cancanci samun kudi ba (daya daga Isra'ila da Falasdinu biyu) - Al-Haq, Al Mazen, da B'Tselem .
Bayan wani taron kwamitin masu adawa da juna a watan Janairun Shekara ta 2010, Beauregard ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya, kuma mambobin kwamitin Sima Samar, Payam Akhavan da Guido Riveros sun yi murabus. Riveros ya rubuta wata wasika mai fadi ta jama'a yana neman murabus din Braun. Daga bisani Guda 45 daga cikin ma'aikatan guda 47 na cibiyar (wasu daga cikinsu da aka dauka aiki a lokacin Beauregard) sun yi kira ga Braun da ya yi murabus, suna zarginsa da "salon tsugune." Da yake ba da shawarar wata makarkashiya da ta haifar da bugun zuciya, mambobin hukumar huɗu masu riƙe da madafun iko suka buƙaci "cikakken bincike game da yanayin da ke tattare da mutuwar Mista Beauregard, tare da mai da hankali kan rawa da halayen kwamitin". Rahoton Kwamitin Harkokin Kasashen Waje na Majalisar Wakilan Kanada ya ba da shawarar sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin Kwamitin Daraktocin Hakkoki da Demokraɗiyya kuma ya samo fannoni da yawa na rikice-rikicen "marasa tabbas da jayayya." Duk da haka yana daga cikin shawarwarinsa cewa "Hukumar Kula da Hakkoki da Demokradiyya ta yanzu ta ba da uzuri ga dangin Beauregard game da duk wasu kalamai da ke bata masa suna."
Ulli
A cikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, gwamnatin ƙasar Kanada ta sanar da cewa tana rufe R&D kuma za ta tura ayyukan kungiyar zuwa Sashen Harkokin Kasashen Waje da Kasuwanci na Duniya . Sanarwar ta ce rufe ofishin ya biyo bayan rigingimun da ke tattare da hukumar ne.
Ministan Harkokin Wajen, John Baird ya ce, "Na wani lokaci, dimbin kalubalen da ke Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ci gaban Dimokiradiyya, wanda aka fi sani da Rights & Democracy, an yada shi sosai. Lokaci ya yi da za mu bar wadannan kalubalen da suka gabata a bayanmu mu ci gaba. "
Shugabanni
Ƴanci da dimokuraɗiyya, da shugabannin sune kamar haka:
Ed Broadbent, 1988-1996
Warren Allmand, 1997-2002
Jean-Louis Roy, 2002-2007
Jean-Paul Hubert (interim), November 2007-July 2008
Rémy Beauregard, July 2008-January 2010
Jacques Gauthier (interim) January–March 2010
Gérard Latulippe, March 2010-July 2012
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/the-rights-and-democracy-twist/article1314283/
Tsohon gidan yanar gizon hukuma ta hanyar Archive.org
Samun shi Dama Jagoran Tasirin Tasirin Yan Adam
Labarin Maclean game da matsalolin cikin gida
Radio shirin gaskiya daga CBC Radio 's The Yanzu a kan Rights and Democracy' s ciki jayayya: Part I Part II
Labari na Sourcewatch
Siyasar Kudin Gwamnatin Kanada don Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, Gerald M. Steinberg da Steven Seligman, Fabrairu 01, 2012
Rahoton shekara-shekara na Hakkoki da Dimokiradiyya
Ƴancin Ɗan Adam
Ƴancin muhalli
Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki
Rajin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam
Pages with unreviewed translations |
53893 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%20C-MAX | Ford C-MAX | Ford C-MAX, yanzu a cikin 2nd ƙarni, shi ne m Multi-manufa abin hawa (MPV) sananne ga versatility, man fetur, da kuma iyali-friendly fasali.
Ƙarni na 2 C-MAX yana fasalta ƙirar waje na zamani da iska mai ƙarfi, tare da samuwan fasalulluka kamar ɗagawa mai ƙarfi mara hannu da rufin rana. A ciki, gidan yana ba da yanayi mai faɗi da sassauƙa, tare da fasalulluka kamar Ford's SYNC 3 tsarin infotainment da yanki mai daidaitawa.
Ford yana ba da injin samar da wutar lantarki don C-MAX, yana samar da ingantaccen mai mai ban sha'awa da ƙarancin hayaƙi don direbobi masu sane da muhalli.
Gudun tafiya mai santsi da jin daɗi na C-MAX, tare da abubuwan taimakon sa na direba kamar taimakon wurin shakatawa mai aiki da saka idanu a makafi, ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai dacewa da dacewa ga iyalai. |
10277 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida | Florida | Florida jiha ne daga jihohin ƙasar Tarayyar Amurka, a Kudu maso Gabashin ƙasar. Jihar Tarayyar Amurka ne daga shekara ta 1845.
Tarihi
Babban birnin jihar Florida, Tallahassee ne. Jihar Florida yana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba’i 170,304, da yawan jama'a 21,299,325.
Mulki
Gwamnan jihar Florida Ron DeSantis ne, daga shekara ta 2018.
Arziki
Wasanni
Fannin tsarotsaro
Kimiya da Fasaha
Sifiri
Sifirin Jirgin Sama
Sifirin Jirgin Kasa
Al'adu
Mutane
Yaruka
Abinci
Tufafi
Ilimi
Addinai
Musulunci
Kiristanci
Hotuna
Manazarta
Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka |
60275 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirye-shiryen%20Daidaitawa%20na%20Gida%20na%20Ayyuka | Shirye-shiryen Daidaitawa na Gida na Ayyuka | Tsare-tsare na Ayyuka;(LAPAs) tsare-tsare ne na al'umma da ke da nufin taimakawa ƙananan hukumomi da al'ummomi don haɓɓaka juriya ga tasirin sauyin yanayi. Yawanci ana haɓɓaka LAPAs a yankuna ko al'ummomin da ke da rauni musamman ga tasirin sauyin yanayi, kamar wuraren dake fuskantar ambaliya, fari, ko abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi.
Tsarin LAPA yawanci ya ƙunshi tsarin haɗin kai, inda masu ruwa da tsaki na gida da membobin al'umma ke tsunduma cikin ganowa da bada fifikon haɗarin yanayi da lahani. Dangane da wannan bayanin, an gano zaɓuɓɓukan dai-daitawa da dabaru, kuma an ƙirƙiri wani shiri don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan.
LAPAs na iya haɗawa da matakan dai-daitawa da yawa, kamar inganta tsarin kula da ruwa, haɓɓaka tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri don bala'o'i, haɓɓaka amfani da nau'ikan amfanin gona masu jure yanayin yanayi, ko gina ababen more rayuwa, don kariya daga hawan teku. Kungiyoyi na ƙasa ko na ƙasa da ƙasa ne ke gudanar da tsarin LAPA galibi, kuma ana iya samun goyan bayan kuɗaɗe daga asusun dairdaita canjin yanayi na duniya.
LAPAs sun bambanta da Shirin daidaitawa na Ƙasa (NAPAs) acikin ƙasa zuwa sama, tsarin gida, amma a wasu lokuta ana bada kuɗi a ƙarƙashin irin wannan tsarin taimakon cigaba. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya LAPAs a matakin ƙananan hukumomi, kodayake LAPA na al'umma ma suna nan. An fara gudanar da wannan al'ada a Nepal a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ma'aikatar yawan jama'a da muhalli, cibiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ga Tsarin Mulki na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi.
Nepal
An tsara tsarin LAPA a Nepal don zama mai shiga tsakani da al'umma, tareda shigar da masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida, ciki harda mata, matasa, da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, don gano haɗarin yanayi da rashin lahani, da haɓɓaka matakan dai-daitawa. Tsarin LAPA ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa, gami da rauni da kimanta haɗari, gano zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa, da ba da fifikon ayyuka.
Tsarin LAPA a Nepal ya sami goyon baya daga kungiyoyi daban-daban na kasa da na duniya, ciki har da Shirin CiGaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNDP), Bankin Duniya, da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya (GEF). Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun bada tallafin fasaha da kuɗi don haɓɓakawa da aiwatar da LAPAs, da kuma haɓɓaka iyawa ga masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida.
Ɗaya daga cikin misalan nasara na LAPA a Nepal shine wanda aka haɓaka a gundumar Kailali, wanda ke da matukar haɗari ga ambaliya da zabtarewar ƙasa. Tsarin LAPA a Kailali ya ƙunshi halartar fiye da mutane 1,000 na al'umma, ciki harda mata da masu zaman kansu, wajen ganowa da bada fifiko ga matakan dai-daitawa, kamar gina shingen kogi, gina madatsun ruwa, da inganta tsarin gargadin wuri don ambaliya.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Tsarin ƙasa akan Tsare-tsaren daidaitawa na gida don Aiki wanda Gwamnatin Nepal ta buga
Manazarta |
18265 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim%20Dasuki%20Jalo-Waziri | Ibrahim Dasuki Jalo-Waziri | Ibrahim Dasuki Jalo-Waziri (an haife shi ranar 13 ga watan Afrilun, 1971). shine Shugaban Matasa na Kasa na Jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC), jam’iyya mai mulki a Najeriya. Tare da aikin siyasa wanda ya shafe shekaru 12, Ibrahim ya mallaki zaɓaɓɓun ofisoshi da muƙaman siyasa.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Ibrahim a garin Maiduguri a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1971 ga (marigayi) Sanata Ibrahim Jalo-Waziri da Hajiya Adama Modibbo. Mahaifinsa ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Wakilai daga shekara ta alib 1960 zuwa shekara ta alib 1966, kuma ya yi sanata tsakanin shekara ta alib 1979 da shekara ta alib 1983.
Dan asalin Ƙaramar Hukumar Gombe ne a Jihar Gombe, Ibrahim ya fara karatu ne a shekara ta 1978 a makarantar Firamare ta Tudun Wada, Gombe. A shekara ta 1983, ya zarce zuwa Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati (wacce take garin Gombe), inda ya sami takardar shaidar SSCE a shekara ta 1988. A shekara ta 1989, ya shiga Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya dake Gombe, kuma ya sami damar kammala karatu na NCE a Ilimin Kasuwanci a shekara ta 1993. Ya kuma ciga ba da karatun sa, a tsakanin 1995-2000, ya kasance dalibi a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, daga nan ne ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Ilimin Kasuwanci. A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya sami digiri na Biyu (MBA) daga Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi.
Ayyuka
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello a shekara ta 2000, Ibrahim ya shiga aikin bautar kasa (2000-2001), wanda a lokacin kamfanin inshora na tsakiya (CICO),Jos, shi neyayi aiki na farko.
A shekara ta 2003, aka naɗa Ibrahim Sakataren Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Jihar Gombe. Ya kuma sami mukamin siyasa a matsayin Mashawarci na Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Gombe na wancan lokacin, Danjuma Goje, a cikin wannan shekarar.
A shekarar 2004, ya shiga takarar shugabancin karamar hukumar Gombe - wanda ya ci zaben - kuma ya ci gaba da wannan matsayin har zuwa 2007. A 2007, an rusa hukumomin zartarwa na kananan hukumomi; duk da haka, ya fito a matsayin shugaban riko kwarya a shekarar 2008, an sake zaben shi a hukumance a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na Karamar Hukumar Gombe. A lokacin wa'adinsa na biyu, an zabi Ibrahim Shugaban Kungiyar Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya (ALGON), kungiyar da ta kunshi dukkan shugabannin kananan hukumomi 774 na fadin Najeriya.
A shekarar 2011, ya tsaya takarar wakiltan cun Mazabar Tarayya ta Gombe / Kwami / Funakaye a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya, amma bai yi nasara ba.
A shekarar 2014, ya zama Shugaban Matasa na Kasa na Jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress.
Tsayawa a matsayin Shugaban Matasan APC
Fitowar Ibrahim a matsayin Shugaban Matasan Jam’iyyar APC na Kasa ya kasance cikin rikici, saboda labaran da ake zargin Jam’iyyar PDP mai mulki ke daukar nauyin sa na nuna shakku kan shekarun sa. Hakan ya kasance, sasantawa cikin hanzari daga jam'iyar APC da kungiyoyin matasa a cikin jam'iyyar suka yi masa kawanya don ba shi goyon baya.
A matsayinsa na shugaban matasa na jam'iyar APC,Ibrahim ya sami damar daidaita tsarin matasa na APC ta hanyar samar da kyakkyawar alakar aiki tsakanin shugabannin matasan, kamar yadda yake kunshe a cikin tsarin jam'iyyar na hukuman ce, da kungiyoyin matasa masu alaƙa da ikon tattara samarin Najeriya zuwa jam'iyyar. Sannan kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Yakin Neman Zaben Shugaban Kasa na APC, inda yake shugabantar matasa kuma yana aiki tare da sauran shugabannin matasan APC kamar su Ismail Ahmed, Sesan Sobande, Damilola Elemo da Rinsola Abiola.
Duba kuma
Jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress
John Odigie Oyegun
Mohammed Danjuma Goje
Manazarta |
58742 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin%20Tinip | Kogin Tinip | Kogin Tinip sabon kogin New Caledonia ne. Yana da yanki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomitas 12. Kogin Tinip yana tsakanin Katavilli Bay da Gomen Bay.
Duba kuma
Jerin koguna na New Caledonia
Nassoshi |
59071 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laolao%20Bay | Laolao Bay |
Geography
Laolao Bay ya rufe kusan kashi shida na gabar tekun gabas na tsibirin,daga Dandan a kudu zuwa Kagman cape zuwa arewa maso gabas.Ƙauyen San Vicente yana tsakiyar tsakiyar bakin tekun.
"Kauyen Laulau Bay"kuma shine sunan wurin da Amurka ta ayyana(CDP)wanda ke gefen gabar tekun. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010,tana da yawan jama'a 226.
Yankin Laolao Bay sau da yawa ana kiransa da"Laolao."Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da bambanci tsakanin Laolao Bay da"Chalan Laulau",na karshen shine wani CDP da ke gefen gabar yammacin tsibirin tsibirin,a cikin unguwar da aka sani da Oleai(wanda kuma ake kira San Jose).
Hakika
Laolao Bay --> Tekun Philippine -> Tekun Fasifik
Nassoshi
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Tashar YouTube ta yakin kare muhalli ta mu Laolao
Shafin gidan yanar gizon mu Laolao |
28866 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawan%20jini | Hawan jini | Hawan jini (HTN ko HT), wanda kuma aka sani da cutar hawan jini (HBP), yanayin likita ne na dogon lokaci wanda hawan jini a cikin arteries ke ci gaba da karuwa. Hawan jini yawanci baya haifar da alamu. Hawan jini na dogon lokaci, duk da haka, babban haɗari ne ga cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, bugun jini, gazawar zuciya, fibrillation, cututtukan jijiya na gefe, hasarar hangen nesa, cututtukan koda na yau da kullun, da hauka.
An kuma rarraba hawan jini a matsayin hauhawar jini na farko (mahimmanci) ko hauhawar jini na biyu. Kusan kashi 90-95% na shari'o'in sune na farko, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin hawan jini saboda rashin takamaiman salon rayuwa da abubuwan halitta. Abubuwan salon rayuwa waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin sun haɗa da gishiri mai yawa a cikin abinci, yawan nauyin jiki, shan taba, da amfani da kuma barasa. Sauran 5-10% na lokuta an kasafta su azaman hawan jini na biyu, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin hawan jini saboda wani dalili da za a iya gane shi, kamar ciwon koda na kullum, kunkuntar jijiyoyin koda, cutar endocrine, ko amfani da kwayoyin hana haihuwa.
Ana bayyana hawan jini ta ma'aunai biyu, matsi na systolic da diastolic, wanda shine matsakaicin matsakaici da mafi ƙarancin matsi, bi da bi. Ga yawancin manya, hawan jini na al'ada a hutawa yana tsakanin kewayon 100-130 millimeters mercury (mmHg) systolic da 60-80 mmHg diastolic. Ga mafi yawan manya, hawan jini yana samuwa idan hawan jinin da ke hutawa ya ci gaba a ko sama da 130/80 ko 140/90 mmHg. Lambobi daban-daban sun shafi yara. Kula da hawan jini na gaggawa a cikin awanni 24 ya bayyana mafi daidai fiye da ma'aunin hawan jini na tushen ofis.
Canje-canjen salon rayuwa da magunguna na iya rage hawan jini da rage haɗarin matsalolin lafiya. Canje-canjen salon rayuwa sun haɗa da asarar nauyi, motsa jiki na jiki, rage cin gishiri, rage shan barasa, da abinci mai kyau. Idan canje-canjen salon rayuwa bai wadatar ba to ana amfani da magungunan hawan jini. Har zuwa magunguna uku na iya sarrafa hawan jini a cikin kashi 90% na mutane. Maganin hawan jini mai matsakaicin matsakaici (wanda aka kwatanta da> 160/100 mmHg) tare da magunguna yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar rayuwa. Tasirin maganin hawan jini tsakanin 130/80 mmHg da 160/100 mmHg bai fito fili ba, tare da wasu bita na samun fa'ida wasu kuma suna samun fa'ida mara tabbas. Hawan jini yana shafar tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 37% na al'ummar duniya. A cikin 2010 an yi imanin cewa hauhawar jini ya kasance sanadin kashi 18% na duk mace-mace (miliyan 9.4 a duniya).
Manazarta
Translated from MDWiki |
16240 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawal%20Nga | Jawal Nga | Jawal Nga ta kasance mai samar da shirye-shirye kuma marubuciya wadda ke zaune a Birnin New York
Kwarewar sana'a
A cikin 2004, Nga ta samar da yin darekta na Ira Sachs '"Forty Shades of Blue", tare da Rip Torn. Shigar da hukuma a cikin bukukuwan fina-finai shida na duniya, Forty Shades of Blue ya sami Babban Jury Prize a 2005 Sundance Film Festival. An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin don kyauta ta musamman a bikin Fina-Finan Deauville, kuma an zabi shi ne don ba da lambar yabo ta Ruhu mai zaman kanta ga ’yar fim Dina Korzun. A 2006, Nga da Sachs sun sake yin aiki tare kan wasan kwaikwayo na lokacin, "Rayuwar Aure", wanda tauraruwar fim din su Pierce Brosnan, Rachel McAdams, Patricia Clarkson da Chris Cooper suka fito. An sake shi a cikin Satumba 2007. Nga ya shirya fim ɗin tare da Sidney Kimmel, Steven Golin da Ira Sachs waɗanda suma suka shirya fim ɗin don Sidney Kimmel Entertainment.
Shine babban mai gabatar da shirin fim na Allen Ginsberg mai suna "Howl" ga daraktoci Rob Epstein da Jeffrey Friedman.
Nga yayi aiki a matsayin babban furodusa na marubuta / darekta Joel Hopkins '' Last Chance Harvey. ' Wadanda suka fito Emma Thompson da Dustin Hoffman, an dauki fim din a Landan a karshen 2007.
Tukwicin mai samarwa
Howl (2010) (mai zartarwa)
Harvey na veyarshe (2008) (mai zartarwa)
Ma'aurata Rayuwa (2007) (furodusa)
Inuwa Arba'in na Shudi (2005) (furodusa)
Neman Hasken rana (2004) (furodusa)
The Clearing (2004) ( m furodusa ) ... aka Anatomie einer Entführung (Jamus)
Underdog (2003) (furodusa)
Ma'aikata daban-daban
Wo hu cang long (2000) (mataimakin: Mr. Schamus) ... aka Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (International: taken Turanci) (UK) (Amurka)
Bayanan kula
Manazarta
Jawal Nga
Jaridar Huffington
Sundance 2005: Tisch School of Arts a NYU
Cibiyar Fim ta Amurka ta 2003 Rahoton shekara-shekara |
35049 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyu%20Doma | Aliyu Doma | Aliyu Akwe Doma (1 ga watan S1942 - shekara ta 6 Maris 2ga watan 018) mshekara ta a'aikacin gwamnati ne na Najeriya wanda ya zama gwamnan jihar Nasarawa ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2007, ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP).
Haihuwa da karatu
Aliyu Akwe Doma, an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1942 a karamar hukumar Doma ta Jihar Nasarawa, iyayen sa sun fitone daga kabilar Alago. Akwe Doma ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a karamar makarantar Doma da babbar firamare ta Lafia tsakanin shekara ta 1951 zuwa ta 1957. Ya wuce Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati da ke Katsina Ala da Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Jihar Gombe, inda ya samu shaidar kammala karatun digiri na biyu a shekara ta 1963. Ya halarci Jami'ar Ibadan a shekara ta (1964 ziwa ta 1966), British Drama League, London, Ingila (a shekara ta 1968) da kuma World Tourism Organisation, Cibiyar Advanced Tourism Studies, Turin, Italiya, a shekara ta (1973). Ya halarci Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zaria a shekara ta 1976, da kuma Jami'ar Ambrose Alli da ke Ekpoma a shekara ta 2002 inda ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin gwamnati.
Sana'a
Tshon ma'aikacin gwamnatin jihar Filato ne inda ya zama babban sakataren dindindin a sassa da dama tsakanin shekara ta 1976 zuwa 1983. Sannan ya zama Mataimakin Gwamnan Jihar Filato . Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari da Bayar da Shawara ta Kasa, sannan Shugaban Sarakunan Gargajiya da Shugaban ma's an a shekara ta (1995 zuwa ta 1998), kuma mamba a Kwamitin Kasa kan makomar Ilimi mai zurfi a Najeriya shekara ta (1996-1998). An nada shi mamba na kwamitin fasaha na majalisar shugaban kasa kan yawon bude ido a shekara ta 2004. Ya rike mukamai na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a matsayin Shugaban Kamfanin Oriya Group of Companies a shekara ta 1984, Shugaban Integrated Tourism Consultants a shekara ta 2003 kuma a matsayin wakilin Steyr Nigeria .
Gwamnan Jihar Nasarawa
Aliyu Doma ya yi nasarar tsayawa takarar gwamnan jihar Nasarawa ag watan Afrilun shekara ta 2007 a jam’iyyar PDP, inda ya karbi mulki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2007. Ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na biyu ga watan Afrilun shelara ta 2011, amma ya sha kaye a hannun Umaru Tanko Al-Makura, dan takarar jam’iyyar adawa ta CPC.
Mutuwa
Ya rasu ne a ranar 6 ga watan Maris,, shekara ta 2018 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya a wani asibitin a kasar Isra'ila.
Manazarta
Haihuwan 1942
Mut
Gwamnan jihar Nasarawaa |