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P_National | null | en-US | • Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. • Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation. • Ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network is reliable, accessible, and meets the demands of all motorists. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. • Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | We will ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network meets the demands of its users. We have already announced £1.3 billion of investment to accelerate the rollout of charging infrastructure on motorways, on streets, in homes and workplaces. The Government has committed an additional £620 million of funding to support the transition to electric vehicles. Further details will be published in due course. Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. Net Zero Strategy: Build Back GreenerSmart Charging Amir is self-employed and uses a van for work. His work involves a lot of journeys locally, totalling around 250-300 miles per week. He usually plugs into charge every few evenings, with his vehicle fully charged by the morning. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "Later this year, we will publish an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | The remaining emissions in domestic shipping, road transport, rail, and domestic aviation contribute a combined further 2. We must deliver a step change in the breadth and scale of our ambitions and, to this end, in July 2021 we published our world leading Transport Decarbonisation Plan. This covered all areas of transport and set out an ambitious but deliverable pathway to reaching net zero and delivering against carbon budgets along the way. The pathway we have set out is not about stopping people from doing things. Rather, it’s about doing the same things differently. We want to be a world leader in green technologies, and encourage more sustainable travel choices. 3. Removing tailpipe emissions from road transport is a clear priority and we must continue the progress we have made to date. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 35,
"text": ", in July 2021 we published our world leading Transport Decarbonisation Plan"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | Removing tailpipe emissions from road transport is a clear priority and we must continue the progress we have made to date. We have expanded our commitments in this area and will set ambitious but achievable phase out dates for every type of road vehicle. Alongside the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we published the 2035 Delivery Plan outlining the key timelines, milestones, and progress towards the Ten Point Plan commitment to accelerate the shift to zero emission vehicles. 4. There are now over 600,000 plug-in electric vehicles in the UK. In September 2021, more than one in five new cars sold had a plug. Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 44,
"text": "Alongside the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we published the 2035 Delivery Plan outlining the key timelines, milestones, and progress towards the Ten Point Plan commitment to accelerate the shift to zero emission vehicles"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020. For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution. Rail is already the greenest form of motorised transport, with almost 38% of the network electrified and significantly more to come as set out in the Great British Railways White Paper in May. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyNet zero transition and economic opportunities Our 2050 vision and how we get there 5. Every place in the UK will have its own net zero emission transport network before 2050, serving the unique needs of its communities. Sustainability will be at the heart of levelling up. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 13,
"text": "For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | Additionally, more than 300 walking and cycling schemes have been delivered since 2020. For public transport, our National Bus Strategy for England, published in March, sets out a vision of a transformed bus industry and a green bus revolution. Rail is already the greenest form of motorised transport, with almost 38% of the network electrified and significantly more to come as set out in the Great British Railways White Paper in May. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the EconomyNet zero transition and economic opportunities Our 2050 vision and how we get there 5. Every place in the UK will have its own net zero emission transport network before 2050, serving the unique needs of its communities. Sustainability will be at the heart of levelling up. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 65,
"text": "Great British Railways White Paper in May"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | • UK aviation and shipping will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Ahead of that, our domestic lead will act as a showcase to the world and bolster our call to action internationally, where cooperation and collaboration through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), will continue to be vital to decarbonise these industries. • The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6. • We will address aviation emissions through new technology such as electric and hydrogen aircraft, the commercialisation of sustainable aviation fuels, increasing operational efficiencies, developing and implementing market-based measures and GHG removal methods, while influencing consumers to make more sustainable choices when flying. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "The Government has set CB6 to formally include the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions, as recommended by the CCC, which allows these emissions to be accounted for within CB6"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | The government launched the Green Jobs Taskforce, to advise the government, industry and the skills sector on the action required to deliver the jobs and skills required for the net zero transition. Our approach on green jobs and skills is set out in the Green Jobs, Skills and Industries chapter of the Net Zero Strategy. 13. Decarbonising transport will also help achieve other benefits: • It will improve health by removing a source of air pollution. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "Our approach on green jobs and skills is set out in the Green Jobs, Skills and Industries chapter of the Net Zero Strategy"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | Hydrogen in a decarbonised transport system 50. We expanded the RTFO to incentivise the use of renewable hydrogen in maritime and rail in 2018. As set out clearly in the recent Hydrogen Strategy and Transport Decarbonisation Plan, hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in transport applications, particularly where energy density requirements or refuelling times make it the most suitable low carbon energy source. Our dedicated hydrogen R&D funding and support is focussed on heavier applications, such as rail, maritime, aviation and heavy road freight, where hydrogen offers in-use advantages and the largest global market potential. The government remains technology neutral and acknowledges that there will be other transport applications where hydrogen may be well suited, including the potential for hydrogen to be utilised within combustion engines, where it can be shown to produce zero harmful emissions at the tailpipe. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "Hydrogen Strategy and Transport Decarbonisation Plan, hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in transport applications,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | GBR |
P_National | null | en-US | Globally, this is the moment for all the world’s major economies to act to rapidly reduce emissions to meet ambitious 2030 NDC targets and to develop and communicate strategies to achieve ambitious 2050 net-zero goals.FOUR COMPONENTS OF U.S. REPORTING ON CLIMATE ACTIONS AND STRATEGY 1. The U.S. National Climate Strategy details how we will deliver our U.S. NDC for 2030 [2]. It focuses on the immediate policies and actions that will put America on track to reduce emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels in 2030 and put in place the technology and infrastructure necessary to achieve net-zero emissions no later than 2050. 2. | United States of America | {
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "The U.S. National Climate Strategy details how we will deliver our U.S. NDC for 2030"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/US-LongTermStrategy-2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | USA |
P_National | null | en-US | The MED has coordinative oversight of the NCCC and the implementation of the NCCPF. Barbados has a number of ongoing programmes that are addressing adaptation as a central theme within these key sectors: - Regional Monitoring and Evaluation System for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in the Caribbean Tourism Sector; - Water Resource Management & Flood Resilience CCA Programme; - Coastal Risk Assessment Programme; - Piloting CCA to Protect human Health Project (Global Project by WHO/UNDP & GEF funded); 18 The global target to avoid 1.5°C of warming is 4.8 tCO2e per capita in 2030, assuming a global population of 8.2 billion ( and global 10_final_bh_may.pdf)”.- Water Sanitation & Systems Upgrade; Mitigation Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development; - Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives. | Barbados | {
"answer_start": 208,
"text": "National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | BRB |
P_National | null | en-US | Barbados has a number of ongoing programmes that are addressing adaptation as a central theme within these key sectors: - Regional Monitoring and Evaluation System for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in the Caribbean Tourism Sector; - Water Resource Management & Flood Resilience CCA Programme; - Coastal Risk Assessment Programme; - Piloting CCA to Protect human Health Project (Global Project by WHO/UNDP & GEF funded); 18 The global target to avoid 1.5°C of warming is 4.8 tCO2e per capita in 2030, assuming a global population of 8.2 billion ( and global 10_final_bh_may.pdf)”.- Water Sanitation & Systems Upgrade; Mitigation Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia: - Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions; - The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA; - National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors; - Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities; - The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels; - The BRIDGE19 in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors; - The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development; - Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives. To accompany all of these actions, GOB is also taking steps to put systems and processes in place to institutionalise a formal monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system to track national emissions and the impact of specific mitigation actions. | Barbados | {
"answer_start": 194,
"text": "National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Barbados%20INDC%20FINAL%20September%20%2028%2C%202015.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | BRB |
P_National | null | en-US | A few municipalities, including Hamar and the cities of Bergen and Oslo, have in addition established local carbon budgets, and municipal bodies report on progress towards targets. The Norwegian Environment Agency provides guidance, draws up greenhouse gas emission statistics for municipalities and counties, and has developed a tool for calculating the effects of different mitigation measures on emissions. The transport sector will be important in Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society. The white paper Norwegian National Transport Plan 2018–2029 (Meld. St. 33 (2016–2017)) sets out the financial framework for central government investments in the transport sector. It is intended to bring about reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector that are consistent with Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society, and to reduce other adverse environmental impacts. | Norway | {
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "The transport sector will be important in Norway’s transformation to a low-emission society. The white paper Norwegian National Transport Plan 2018–2029 (Meld. St. 33 (2016–2017)) sets out the financial framework for central government investments in the transport sector."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | NOR |
P_National | null | en-US | Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est. | Rwanda | {
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | Updated NDC | null | RWA |
P_National | null | en-US | Samoa 2040 focuses on Samoa’s growth, particularly in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Other key documents include the Samoa Climate Change Policy 2020, the National Environment Sector Plan 2017-2021, the Energy Sector Plan 2017-2022 (2017), the Energy Management Act (2020), the Transport Sector Plan 2013-2018 (2013), and the Agriculture Sector Plan 2016-2020 (ASP), as well as the National Policy for Gender Equality 2021-2031 (2021) and the Inclusive Governance Policy 2021-2031 (2021). A full list of key sectorial plans and strategies is included in Appendix A. 61 According to the FAO, the area of land used for agriculture in Samoa in 2018 was approximately 75,700 ha. Data on land use is recorded on the FAO’s FAOSTAT database, available at: Accessed on 26 May, 2021. | Samoa | {
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "the Transport Sector Plan 2013-2018 (2013),"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa's%20Second%20NDC%20for%20UNFCCC%20Submission.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 2nd NDC | null | WSM |
P_National | null | en-US | In 2018 the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) for 2018 to 2050 was launched (DoT, 2018). The GTS provides the strategic direction for the transport sector regarding the reduction of GHG emissions, the contribution of transport to the green economy and the promotion of sustainable mobility. The Strategy aims to support reductions in the contribution of the transport sector to national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% by 2050. | South Africa | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "In 2018 the Green Transport Strategy (GTS) for 2018 to 2050 was launched (DoT, 2018). The GTS provides the strategic direction for the transport sector regarding the reduction of GHG emissions, the contribution of transport to the green economy and the promotion of sustainable mobility. The Strategy aims to support reductions in the contribution of the transport sector to national greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% by 2050."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/South%20Africa%27s%20Low%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | ZAF |
P_National | null | en-US | An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Urban growth and the resulting emissions are best mitigated through a more compact city. This requires a shift in urban planning, with public and private partners jointly seeking solutions. This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth. 3. | Suriname | {
"answer_start": 14,
"text": "The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 2nd NDC | null | SUR |
P_National | null | en-US | To strengthen capacity, Suriname will scope and implement a national research, development and innovation program, and strengthen agricultural research. One priority area of research is to identify, trial and introduce more permanent agricultural systems to replace traditional shifting cultivation methods. Transport: An unconditional contribution will be made to update the Transport Master Plan (ISTS 2011). The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo. Suriname commits to introduce by 2027 vehicle emissions controls and tighten import to vehicles less than five years old, in order to reduce emissions under this NDC. | Suriname | {
"answer_start": 55,
"text": "The plan contained a proposal for a transport network based on long term plans and growth rates and integrated with a spatial planning model for Paramaribo."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Suriname%20Second%20NDC.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 2nd NDC | null | SUR |
P_National | null | en-US | Human Settlements was selected as a cross-cutting sector with significant contributions to GHG emissions and broader development objectives. GHG Emissions (in Gg) Share in total GHG emissions Source: Government of Tonga (2019) 1.3 Narrative description of relevant legal and institutional frameworks The Government of Tonga is a global leader in developing a suite of policies and plans that integrate climate change and sustainable development. The LT-LEDS is no different; drawing on and aligning with the following key executive and legislative mandates, laws, and publications2: Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | The LT-LEDS is no different; drawing on and aligning with the following key executive and legislative mandates, laws, and publications2: Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS. It seeks ‘A more progressive Tonga supporting a higher quality of life for all’ through seven national outcomes: knowledge-based economy; balanced urban and rural development across island groups; empowering human development with gender equality; responsive good-governance with law and order; successful provision and maintenance of infrastructure and technology; effective land administration, environment management, and resilience to climate and risk; and consistent advancement of our external interests, security and sovereignty. Tonga Climate Change Policy (TCCP, 2016) intends to make Tonga climate- resilient by 2035 and enhance mitigation efforts. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025 (TSDF II) provides an overarching framework for Tonga’s development including the LT-LEDS"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | Tonga Climate Change Policy (TCCP, 2016) intends to make Tonga climate- resilient by 2035 and enhance mitigation efforts. Its vision is for ‘A Tonga that is resilient to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disaster risks, and is able to protect and safeguard its present and future citizens.’ It seeks to achieve this through three strategic goals: strengthened integrated risk management to enhance climate and disaster resilience; low carbon development; and strengthened disaster preparedness, response and recovery specific targets. Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP. Its mission is ‘To develop a resilient Tonga through an inclusive, participatory approach that is based on good governance, builds knowledgeable, proactive communications and supports a strong, sustainable development pathway.’ Its guiding principles were replicated in the LT-LEDS process, including ‘A holistic, multi-faceted, multi-sectoral approach’ and an ‘Integrated approach to adaptation and mitigation’. The JNAP Technical Working Groups provided oversight to the LT-LEDS process (see Annex B for more detail). Third National Communication on Climate Change Report (TNC, 2019) updates the information and inventory of Tonga’s Second National Communication. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Joint National Action Plan 2 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP2) 2018-2028 provides the strategic action plan for both the TSDF II and TCCP."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | Estimates suggest a total of approximately 200 million vehicle kilometres travelled per year, which translates into almost 2,300 vehicle kilometres travelled per capita (GoT and UNCTCN, 2018). Under a business as usual scenario, an average annual growth rate of 2.4 percent for vehicle kilometres travelled during the period 2016-2050 is projected, translating into an equal growth in fuel consumption from road transport (TEEMP, 2020; UNCTCN, 2018). In general there is a preference for car usage over motorbike, cycling and walking and a lack of infrastructure for non- motorised transport. Congestion on the main roads of Nuku’alofa is a concern. One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 99,
"text": "One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | One of the goals defined in the TSDF II is the provision of safer, more reliable, and more affordable transport infrastructure and services to achieve dynamic and inclusive growth across the country. The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector. The Ports Authority Tonga (PAT) Business Plan 2019–2024, also has, amongst its aims, the promotion of sustainable growth and a sustainable environment. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The NIIP II outlines these priorities for the maritime space: (i) reduce the cost of services to reduce transport costs and improve Tonga’s international competitiveness; (ii) improve the sustainability of maritime infrastructure by ensuring adequate maintenance, so as to minimise long term costs and maximise availability; (iii) enhance inter-island shipping services to help improve socioeconomic conditions; (iv) increase the safety of the transport system, and its resilience to climate change and natural disasters, to minimise disruptions; (v) strengthen and reform the institutional framework that governs the management, maintenance, and financing of maritime infrastructure and services; and (vi) promote and better use a competitive private sector"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | It involves expanded adoption of EVs to the public, including different types of light duty EVs (cars, bikes, minivans, etc.). Supporting asset and capacity measures: Introduction of national EV regulations and standards - to ensure safety and good quality, introduction of regulations and standards for battery management and disposal, alignment of incentives for tax/duties/tariffs with the different stakeholders (car dealers, consumers and TPL), provide rebates for EV purchasers and for charging station set-up, create special parking spaces reserved for EVs and the option of a shared EV scheme may also be explored. These initiatives would start with studies to determine which EV and charging technologies to focus on and the optimal design and implementation of incentives schemes. An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 117,
"text": "An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy. This strategy will be ready as a first draft in November 2021 and will inform interventions for low emission development in the maritime sector. It can therefore complement actions focused on the land Transport sector, as laid out in this LT-LEDS. A further specific action for maritime transport is the implementation of ferry transportation across the Fanga’uta Lagoon. This would involve the public leaving their vehicles behind and using the lagoon ferry to travel to Nuku’alofa instead of driving. The ferry could be electric - an option that could be explored in future. | Tonga | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "An additional action arising which has not been prioritised but is currently underway is the completion of a maritime transport low GHG emissions strategy."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TON_LTS_Nov2021.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | LTS | null | TON |
P_National | null | en-US | The Government of Trinidad and Tobago has recognised the importance of addressing climate change both from a mitigation and adaptation perspective and is committed to playing its part as a responsible member of the global community, and as a signatory to the UNFCCC, to making efforts to achieve the objective of the UNFCCC, regardless of the quantum of emissions on a global scale. Accordingly the Government has defined the policy framework for a low carbon development plan through the National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors which forms the basis of Trinidad and Tobago s iNDC. | Trinidad and Tobago | {
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20Final%20INDC.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | TTO |
P_National | null | en-US | Accordingly the Government has defined the policy framework for a low carbon development plan through the National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors which forms the basis of Trinidad and Tobago s iNDC. Trinidad and Tobago already produces all of its electricity from natural gas and is working towards achieving greater efficiency through combined cycle generation at all its power plants. This sector would therefore be at the edge of low carbon emissions with renewable energy being the next stage for reducing emissions even further. | Trinidad and Tobago | {
"answer_start": 16,
"text": "National Climate Change Policy, and developed a Carbon Reduction Strategy for the power generation, transportation and industrial sectors"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%20Final%20INDC.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | TTO |
P_National | null | en-US | Uzbekistan pursues a targeted policy aimed at mitigating climate change, and an energy-efficiency policy in key sectors of the economy plays a decisive role in this. The country has defined "Reducing the energy intensity of GDP by almost twofold through wide implementation of advanced energy-saving technologies" as one of its development targets for the period of up to 2030 in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan has approved and is now implementing a five-year development strategy, the Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-20212. | Uzbekistan | {
"answer_start": 73,
"text": "Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | Updated NDC | null | UZB |
P_National | null | en-US | Uzbekistan has approved and is now implementing a five-year development strategy, the Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-20212. The Strategy provides for the reduction of energy and resource intensity of the economy, widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies in production, increased use of renewable energy sources, which will help reduce GHG emissions; adoption of measures to mitigate the adverse impact of global climate change and the drying up of the Aral Sea on agricultural development and livelihoods of the population. In 2017, with the aim of addressing systemic problems, increasing the efficiency of public administration, as well as implementing the tasks identified in this Strategy, an administrative reform was initiated. | Uzbekistan | {
"answer_start": 12,
"text": "Action Strategy on Five Priority Areas for Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Uzbekistan_Updated%20NDC_2021_EN.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | Updated NDC | null | UZB |
P_National | null | es-ES | Es una de las redes más desarrolladas de América Latina. La densidad de la vialidad es más alta en la región centro-norte del país, donde se concentra la mayoría de la población. Actualmente, las actividades de transporte están bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, institución orientada a la optimización del servicio de transporte terrestre, aéreo, acuático, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creación, en el año 2014, de la Misión Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros. | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | {
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "Actualmente, las actividades de transporte están bajo la competencia del Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Transporte, institución orientada a la optimización del servicio de transporte terrestre, aéreo, acuático, infraestructura vial y sus servicios conexos. Una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar este objetivo fue la creación, en el año 2014, de la Misión Transporte, que ha alcanzado numerosos logros."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | Updated NDC | null | VEN |
P_National | null | es-ES | Sector Transporte Terrestre - Trolebús Mérida, C.A. -Tromerca Política Pública Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un país potencia en lo social, lo económico y lo político dentro de la gran potencia naciente de América latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformación de una zona de paz en nuestra América. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con énfasis en la reducción del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnologías limpias y garantizando la optimización y su mantenimiento. | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | {
"answer_start": 10,
"text": "Plan de La Patria (2019 - 2025) 3. Convertir a Venezuela en un país potencia en lo social, lo económico y lo político dentro de la gran potencia naciente de América latina y el Caribe, que garantice la conformación de una zona de paz en nuestra América. Este plan enmarca la conectividad de la movilidad a nivel local, regional y nacional, con énfasis en la reducción del impacto ambiental, utilizando tecnologías limpias y garantizando la optimización y su mantenimiento."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Actualizacion%20NDC%20Venezuela.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | Updated NDC | null | VEN |
P_National | null | en-US | In 2021, the US Federal Aviation Authority approved a $37 million grant to rehabilitate the airport in Yap. Similar funding will also be sought for such improvements at the other FSM airports. This effort will be bolstered by the EU-funded AW-REP described above, under which the FSM Department of Resources & Development will coordinate the development of a comprehensive national Transport Master Plan and State Action Plans. The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years. | Micronesia | {
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "This effort will be bolstered by the EU-funded AW-REP described above, under which the FSM Department of Resources & Development will coordinate the development of a comprehensive national Transport Master Plan and State Action Plans. The AW-REP is also intended to kickstart the transition to electric-powered transport across the Federation in the next 5-10 years."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-10/Updated%20NDC%20of%20the%20MICRONESIA.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | Updated NDC | null | FSM |
P_National | null | en-US | However international support will be essential to ensure success in implementing the strategies, plans and actions for low GHG development. Strategies, plans and actions for low GHG emission development While the basis of our mitigation efforts rests on conserving our forests as carbon sinks, managing the growing emissions as a result of economic development will be through priority strategies, plans and actions for mitigation to support a low emission development pathway. These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies. | Bhutan | {
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | BTN |
P_National | null | en-US | These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies. The gases covered include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide as they were shown to be the priority gases in our second national communication. 1. | Bhutan | {
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Bhutan-INDC-20150930.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | BTN |
P_National | null | en-US | They are expected to be a basis for subsequent larger-scale mitigation actions for the post-2020 period. These NAMA activities include: Gender-sensitive NAMA for sustainable energy in rural areas; NAMA for Low Carbon Buildings in Georgia; Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector. All above mentioned pre-2020 mitigation actions have been taken into account while calculating the BAU scenario. % of Emissions Covered Planning Process Georgia will support its mitigation target with comprehensive national climate change policy. The first step will be the finalization of the LEDS. | Georgia | {
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "Vertically Integrated NAMA (V-NAMA) for the Urban Transport Sector"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/INDC_of_Georgia.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | GEO |
P_National | null | en-US | The transport sector which has the highest sectoral emissions in particular has a regulation in place to restrict emissions from vehicles to a certain level. However enforcement has not been possible due to a lack of technical capacity, technological capacity and financial resources. Enforcement of this regulation will have significant impact on reducing emissions from this sector. 4 The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA) was developed to identify key sectors with immediate adaption needs. | Samoa | {
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "The Samoa National Adaptation Programme of Action, 2005 (NAPA)"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Samoa%20INDC_Submission%20to%20UNFCCC.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | WSM |
P_National | null | en-US | Further coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, as the institution responsible for climate change, is required, as well as appropriate harmonization of the strategic and legislative solutions in the energy field with the strategic and legislative solutions for climate action. In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | {
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "Transport Sector Strategy"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Submission_Republic_of_Macedonia_20150805144001_135181.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | MKD |
P_National | null | en-US | In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration: - Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Strategy - Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources - The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy - Energy Efficiency Action Plan - Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources - Transport Sector Strategy - Pre-accession Economic Program - Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia - The Third National Communication on Climate Change - First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change Roles of the stakeholders Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministries and appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. Workshops were held on the following topics: - Identification and validation of possible mitigation policies and measures in the target sectors in agreement with the sector policies and planning documents, as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Discussion about and validation of the assumptions used for the modelling of the identified policies and measures in line with the sector policies and planning documents as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy - Prioritization of identified measures and providing directions for development of mitigation scenarios with existing and with additional measuresEquity and ambition (comparison with other European countries) emissions per GDP Year OECD Europe Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Мacedonia WOM Мacedonia WEM Маcedonia WAM Emissions kg CO2 emissions per GDP of the Republic of Macedonia are similar to the figures of Bulgaria and Estonia. | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | {
"answer_start": 52,
"text": "Transport Sector Strategy"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Submission_Republic_of_Macedonia_20150805144001_135181.pdf | What development of national plans are planned? | 1st NDC | null | MKD |
I_Education | null | en-US | Increase in the production of renewable energy (bioenergy, water, wind, solar) by 60% from 2020 to 2030. Increase of primary energy generation from renewable sources to 49–67% by 2050. Change in land use to meet the competing demands of housing development, food production, livestock farming, bioenergy, biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Industry emissions are 70–90% lower in 2050 than in 2010. Substantial emission reductions need to be achieved for transport and buildings by 2050. This will be achieved through technical measures (such as increased energy efficiency and electrification) as well as through lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking). | Austria | {
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking)."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | AUT |
I_Education | null | en-US | This will be achieved through technical measures (such as increased energy efficiency and electrification) as well as through lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking). Even a 1.5°C global temperature increase would have serious consequences, such as: More extreme weather events (such as heat waves, heavy precipitation, and extreme droughts). Negative impacts on ecosystems (up to extinction of species) and in the areas of healthcare, drinking water supply, and food production. A substantial and irreversible rise in the sea level. The effects of climate change on sustainable development, on efforts to eradicate poverty and inequality can be reduced if we limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C instead of 2°C. | Austria | {
"answer_start": 18,
"text": "lifestyle changes that lead to reduced energy consumption (such as using bicycles and walking)."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | AUT |
I_Education | null | en-US | This is to be supplemented by the “creation of suitable economic conditions and target-group specific offerings and measures for freight and passenger traffic”14 together with a supportive legislative framework as a “central requirement for attaining a sustainable and decarbonised 2.4.3.4 Fields of action 2.4.3.4.1 A holistic approach for the transformation of the transport sector The transformation of the transport sector towards decarbonisation can only succeed through a holistic approach16 and an increased level of environmental awareness among all actors involved. In addition to technological innovations and improvements on the supply side, this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them. | Austria | {
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | AUT |
I_Education | null | en-US | In addition to technological innovations and improvements on the supply side, this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them. The social impacts of various measures must also be taken into account and mitigated by accompanying measures where necessary. The fundamental objective is to shift to clean, climate-friendly modes of transport, improve capacity utilisation in freight and passenger traffic, and avoid traffic. At the same time, a holistic framework for the mobility transformation will be created through consistent investments, supporting conditions and incentives, and continued research and innovation. | Austria | {
"answer_start": 11,
"text": "this holistic approach must also include measures on the demand side and behavioural changes and make optimum use of synergies between them"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | AUT |
I_Education | null | en-US | Global goods transport is increasingly being replaced with regional economies, and a resource- efficient circular economy is the norm. There is no more planned obsolescence in 2050, all products and goods are designed to be long-lasting and repairable. Society demands more sustainable products and services in general. Modal shifts Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures. Innovative, holistic mobility solutions will also cover the last mile, for example tailored mobility management, on-demand buses, electric taxis, car sharing, and the massive expansion of public transport. | Austria | {
"answer_start": 49,
"text": "Individual motorised traffic is less common in 2050 than today – the modal split has shifted to public transport and active mobility. This has been effected above all by increased environmental awareness among the population thanks to targeted measures."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | AUT |
I_Education | null | en-US | Urban areas and smart cities will be the first centres of innovation in mobility not least because of the predominance of short-distance journeys and air quality considerations. With 75% of our population living in urban areas, city planning, safe cycling and walking paths, clean local public transport, the introduction of new delivery technologies such as drones, and mobility as a service, including the advent of car and bike sharing services, will alter mobility. Combined with the transition to carbon-free transport technologies, reducing air pollution, noise and accidents, this will result in large improvements in the quality of urban living. Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. | European Union | {
"answer_start": 99,
"text": "Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution."
} | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | EEU |
I_Education | null | en-US | Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050. | European Union | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution."
} | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | EEU |
I_Education | null | en-US | Behavioural changes by individuals and companies must underpin this evolution. For long distance travel, developments in digital technologies and video conferencing may well mean that for certain purposes like business travel, preferences will change and demand for travel may be reduced compared to what is expected today. Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms. Internalising the external costs of transport is a prerequisite for making the most efficient choices in terms of technology and transport mode. The transition towards net-zero in 2050 also requires the necessary infrastructure, i.e. the completion of the Trans-European core network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the comprehensive network by 2050. | European Union | {
"answer_start": 47,
"text": "Well-informed travellers and shippers will make better decision, especially when all transport modes are put on an equal footing, including in regulatory and fiscal terms."
} | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773&from=EN | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | EEU |
I_Education | null | en-US | Domestic maritime data collection, storage, and analysis287 X X X X 3 FBoS, MoIT, FRCS, MSAF From 2019 and ongoing to 2050 4-Stroke Engines. Implementation of a national program of transition from 2-stroke to 4-stroke to electric outboard motors X X X X 0.5 -1 MoIT, MoE, FRCS Short-term Demonstration Vessels. An integrated series of ‘proof of concept’ demonstration low carbon government department vessels at various scales from village to inter-island transport. This will be accompanied by GSS 30-year fleet replacement strategy with addition of low carbon vessels over time. X X X X 10 – 100288 GSS, Ministry of Health, Min of Education, MoIT, MSAF, MoE, Police, Navy Short- to medium-term Research, Education, and capacity Building. Adoption and implementation of a long-term research, education, and capacity building strategy to underpin a successful domestic low carbon maritime transition. | Fiji | {
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "Research, Education, and capacity Building. Adoption and implementation of a long-term research, education, and capacity building strategy to underpin a successful domestic low carbon maritime transition"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | FJI |
I_Education | null | en-US | In turn, the approach of changing the lifestyle includes solutions primarily focusing on changing the lifestyle and indirect reductions of GHG emissions by implementing: o extensive measures for informing and educating the public to ensure the awareness and interest of each inhabitant in the advancement towards climate neutrality; o greening of the tax system by adapting the whole tax system so that the general long-term direction of the State would be clear both to the inhabitants and merchants (i.e., so that tax policy would not give contradictory signals), and economic stimuli to choose more environmentally friendly habits and technologies would be created for everyone. ⢠Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment. | Latvia | {
"answer_start": 236,
"text": "ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | LVA |
I_Education | null | en-US | ⢠Solutions for the implementation of LCD in different sectors of national economy To implement the Strategy successfully, it is necessary to plan appropriate actions which include both general (horizontal) implementation of the LCD principles and also actions in sectoral policies, including all sectors of national economy: o ensure that LCD aspects are integrated in all studies, low carbon innovations and technologies are commercialised and transferred to all sectors of national economy; o ensure comprehensive energy efficiency in every sector of national economy;Translation © 2020 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) 12 o ensure that only renewable energy sources are used for energy generation in all sectors (where it is technologically possible), and that local energy sources are used and the energy market is completely connected and freely accessible to everyone; o ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles; o ensure sustainable land management, achieving high productivity in agriculture, as well as managing the forests of Latvia in a sustainable manner; o ensure that inhabitants of Latvia are implementing environmentally friendly lifestyle and companies have adapted to the tendencies of the global market and are successfully implementing circular economy; o ensure sustainable development of local governments, promoting smart, climate- neutral, and flexible urban environment, inter alia, choosing the green infrastructure in the development of urban environment. More detailed description of action directions is provided further in the text (see Chapter 6). | Latvia | {
"answer_start": 132,
"text": "ensure optimum transport infrastructure, to change the travel behaviour of inhabitants, to increase the use of resource-efficient and environmentally friendly types of vehicles"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Latvia.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | LVA |
I_Education | null | en-US | A major impediment to more effective action on energy efficiency and on low-carbon transport has been the lack of baseline data on historical and current energy use, and this will be one of the first steps Nauru will take towards establishing greater energy efficiency. Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency• Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund • Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru • Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data • Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff • Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products • Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits • Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters • Increased economic resilience and diversification • Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities • Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions • Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport • Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru’s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women during efforts to build domestic institutional capacity of Nauru’s energy sector. | Nauru | {
"answer_start": 133,
"text": "Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | Updated NDC | null | NRU |
I_Education | null | en-US | Indicative Actions to Achieve 30% Energy Efficiency• Promote energy efficient air conditioners and other appliances through an expansion of the Low Carbon Fund • Conduct technical assessments to identify effective energy efficiency options for Nauru • Undertake energy audits of government facilities, high-energy usage properties, residential sector to establish baseline data • Rewire government buildings to maximize energy savings and encourage changes in usage behavior among government staff • Adopt an Appliance Labeling and Energy Standard Programme to encourage the import and uptake of low energy usage products • Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government Adaptation Co-Benefits Mitigation Co-Benefits • Infrastructure with increased resilience to climate change impacts and natural disasters • Increased economic resilience and diversification • Increased ability to invest in other sustainable development and climate priorities • Increased access to cleaner and affordable energy • Reduced greenhouse gas emissions • Reduced dependency on fossil-fuel intensive technology and transport • Reduced risk to energy supply chain disruptions SDGs Advanced by Nauru’s NDC to Establish Energy Security Increased participation of women in the energy field through targeted efforts to increase the capacity and participation of women during efforts to build domestic institutional capacity of Nauru’s energy sector. Increased access to affordable and clean energy through the uptake of energy efficient practices and greater deployment of renewable energy. | Nauru | {
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "Induce behavioral change to encourage energy efficient behavior via education campaigns for the general public and within the government"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Nauru%20Updated%20NDC%20pdf.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | Updated NDC | null | NRU |
I_Education | null | en-US | National-level R&D is underway for the commercial deployment of hydrogen-powered trains, ships and drones in Korea by 2030. Such advanced future technologies will help achieve carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Managing transportation demand and optimizing vehicle operation Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient. Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 52,
"text": "Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | KOR |
I_Education | null | en-US | Raise awareness of eco-driving (so-called eco-driving). Initiate a debate on a complete change in the concept of mobility, exploring ways to reduce the number of people commuting to school or work and increase support for home office. Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector. | Slovakia | {
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | SVK |
I_Education | null | en-US | Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector. Consider introducing a reduction target for the whole transport sector (whether for 2030 or later) as part of updating this Strategy.2.5.4.1 Current Trends in Reducing Emissions in Agriculture Human activities in the agricultural sector contribute significantly to changes in the concentration of some gases in the atmosphere, namely N2O and CH4 are considered to be the most important gases emitted from agriculture in terms of mitigation and adaptation measures planned to reduce their environmental impact. The largest share of methane emissions is from the category of Enteric Fermentation, which produced 34.42 Gg (76.3%) of methane in the sector in 2016. | Slovakia | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Meet the need for education, awareness-raising and awareness for the general public of the need for additional measures in this sector."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS%20SK%20eng.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | SVK |
I_Education | null | en-US | In addition, bio-energy with CCS (BECCS) power plant is needed to achieve the 2-degree target in 2050. • Transport sector: The energy efficiency improvement will be achieved by behavioral changes, road surface improvement and engine performance improvement. Currently, the proportion of new efficient vehicle fleets is increasing, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. Under Thailand’s LEDS, the transport sector needs to increase the energy efficiency to 68% of total final energy consumption in 2050. Though the share of energy efficiency improvement decreases, the energy consumption in the efficient vehicle increases. Liquid biofuels have been promoted as clean alternative fuels in the transport sector. | Thailand | {
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "The energy efficiency improvement will be achieved by behavioral changes,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Thailand_LTS1.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | THA |
I_Education | null | en-US | ⚫ Promote the application of low-carbon energy ships and explore the application of biomass fuels and other synthetic fuels in civil aviation. ⚫ Increase the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy in transportation infrastructure, accelerate the improvement of the LNG and hydrogen energy supply (filling) system, and focus on solving the problems of difficult approval, construction, and operation of marine LNG refueling stations. Build (near) zero-carbon hubs, stations and ports (port areas). Speed up the construction of a green travel system. ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. | China | {
"answer_start": 106,
"text": "encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | CHN |
I_Education | null | en-US | ⚫ Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic congestion, give priority to the development of urban public transportation, encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel, improve the urban slow traffic system, and increase the proportion of green travel. ⚫ Actively develop large-capacity and high-efficiency inter- regional rapid passenger transport services with high-speed rail and aviation as the mainstay, improve the level of rail transit commuting in urban agglomerations, and encourage the mass transit form operation of intercity road transportation in areas with high passenger demand. 6. Achieve a substantial reduction in non-carbon dioxide GHG emissionCoordinate the management and control of non-carbon dioxide GHGs emission for energy, industrial production processes, agriculture, waste treatment and other fields. | China | {
"answer_start": 18,
"text": "encourage the public to preferentially choose urban public transportation to travel,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/China%E2%80%99s%20Mid-Century%20Long-Term%20Low%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Emission%20Development%20Strategy.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | CHN |
I_Education | null | en-US | removal of CO2 from the atmosphere through afforestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). This will require considerable areas of land and may have serious adverse impacts on the environment. It is therefore uncertain to what extent it will be practicable or environmentally sound to make large-scale use of CDR. However, this approach may be a necessary part of the solution if cuts in greenhouse gas emissions are not rapid enough. The more quickly the world reduces emissions, the less need there will be for CDR. Behaviour patterns and lifestyle choices are important drivers of emissions globally. A sustainable lifestyle and behavioural patterns, including lower material consumption, a healthy diet and lower demand for transport, will reduce emissions and ease the transition to a low-emission pathway. | Norway | {
"answer_start": 88,
"text": "Behaviour patterns and lifestyle choices are important drivers of emissions globally. A sustainable lifestyle and behavioural patterns, including lower material consumption, a healthy diet and lower demand for transport, will reduce emissions and ease the transition to a low-emission pathway"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Norway_Oct2020.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | LTS | null | NOR |
I_Education | null | en-US | Training/advisory support in awareness raising for ESL from agencies and countries that have implemented such programmes Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Training/advisory support for financial institutions on designing and implementing fiscal instruments Development of national systems for regulating the renewables and improving institutional / technical linkages with key players in the private sectorTechnical expertise in developing, installing and maintaining solar and wind power sources Training through technical courses organized in Pakistan and abroad Public sector capacity for promoting, regulating and monitoring energy efficiency Development of capacity to monitor and verify progress on the enforcement of ESL. Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. | Pakistan | {
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | 1st NDC | null | PAK |
I_Education | null | en-US | Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). | Pakistan | {
"answer_start": 1,
"text": "Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | 1st NDC | null | PAK |
I_Education | null | en-US | Transport Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations Development of awareness materials and demonstration events in cities to show how to maintain vehicles efficiently Training of vehicle service providers through short courses on dissemination of information to vehicle owners and users Preparation of training materials for financial institutions on loan packages to finance efficiency improvements in the vehicle fleet Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful Upgrading and modernization of rail services Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for public urban transport systems Training of technical staff to operate modern urban transport systems Public sector capacity to monitor and evaluate programs of mitigation and effectively manage the modernized rail and energy efficient public transport systems Visits of transport specialists to Pakistan Training of public sector officials on regulating and monitoring modern transport systems Study visits of Pakistan staff to countries with modern rail and bus rapid transport in citiesAgriculture Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Training programs on climate change and CSA for national, sub-national and local authorities by national and international experts Training programs on climate change and CSA financing needs for banks and micro-finance institutions Farmer field schools focused on specific CSA activities (e.g. soil conservation). Exposure visits of farmer groups to different regions to learn about specific CSA activities Curriculum development/enhancement within universities and technical institutes providing training for extensions workers on climate change and CSA practices Strengthening Risk Management system Training of extension workers in risk management and risk transfer mechanism Developing an institutional set-up for providing agriculture insurance Farmer field schools to build awareness of agriculture insurance options Study tours of government officials / members of the financial sector in other relevant countries Pre-feasibility study to assess viability and capacity gaps pertaining to the development of national weather index insurance system Conclusion Pakistan reiterates its commitment and obligations towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, and the objective to limit the average global temperature increase to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Centigrade. | Pakistan | {
"answer_start": 1,
"text": "Awareness raising and provision of incentives for efficient vehicle operations"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Pak-INDC.pdf | What are the impacts of education and behavior changes? | 1st NDC | null | PAK |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The transition scenario is intended to serve as a basis for further discussions at the national level. The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong “sector coupling” in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes greater account of the greenhouse gas effects (Common Agricultural Policy and implementation in Austria). | Austria | {
"answer_start": 65,
"text": "A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | AUT |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The most important areas of action in the transition scenario: Internalisation of the external costs for all energy sources, Strong “sector coupling” in terms of the generation, conversion, and use of energy, especially relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources and the storage of this electricity, A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car, The heavy promotion of the thermal and energy refurbishment of buildings, A switch to sustainable energy sources and technologies in the industry sector, which must be available in the necessary quantities (production, grids, storage), and long- lasting products designed to implement the circular economy combined with increased energy and resource efficiency; steel production will shift from the traditional blast furnace process to electricity- and hydrogen-based production over the long term, The energy sector switches to electricity and district heating generation from renewable sources and to the systematic use of waste heat, and The population switches to a more climate-friendly diet while reducing food waste; agriculture sees further efficiency increases in using nitrogen (fertiliser management) and the funding policy takes greater account of the greenhouse gas effects (Common Agricultural Policy and implementation in Austria). Key results of the 2019 transition scenario The 2017 transition scenario was updated in 2019. | Austria | {
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "A change in the modal split in terms of passenger and freight traffic towards environmentally friendly transport modes and vehicles that lead to a substantial reduction in the annual distance travelled by car,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_Austria.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | AUT |
A_TDM | null | en-US | • To promote cantons densification and compactness around the electric train. • To design programs and incentives to promote the model of compact cities.1.3.3 To promote sustainable mobility in cities, with special emphasis on the promotion of active modes. • To design and implement walkable city plans in the major urban centers of the country, including intermediate cities. • To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure. • To encourage innovation in the design and implementation of measures that promote sustainability in cities, in both the public and private sector, and in civil society. 1.3.4 To implement demand management measures. • To expand the plate-based vehicular restriction to other urban centers such as Cartago, Heredia, and Alajuela. | Costa Rica | {
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "To implement demand management measures"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | CRI |
A_TDM | null | en-US | o To design and implement integrated plans to promote the use of bicycles, which consider cyclo-inclusive infrastructure. o To encourage innovation in the design and implementation of measures that promote sustainability in cities, in both the public and private sector, and in civil society. 1.3.4. To implement demand management measures. o To expand the plate-based vehicular restriction to other urban centers such as Cartago, Heredia, and Alajuela. o To promote the development of parking policies on public roads to limit parking areas on them Municipalities Presidency INVU MIVAH IFAM INCOFER MOPT MINAE Municipalities INVU MIVAH IFAM MINAE MOPT Presidency Municipalities MOPT MIVAH IFAM MINAE Presidency Decarbonization axis Linkages with cross-cutting strategy and lock in parameters Indicator Objective Period goal Activity Key actors1.3.5 To actively involve municipalities in the transition to low-emission development. o To implement infrastructure construction plans for active mobility (sidewalks, bike lanes) in priority municipalities. | Costa Rica | {
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "To implement demand management measures"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/NationalDecarbonizationPlan.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | CRI |
A_TDM | null | en-US | From the socio-economic perspective, increased use of PT is seen as economically profitable due to time savings and vehicle operating cost savings. The increase in the mode share of PT can be achieved with demand management measures which have a very low cost, or with supply measures which can entail high investment costs and/or support subsidies, or a combination of supply and demand measures. Actual costs thus depend on specific policies and strategies for promoting PT. Increased use of NMT is seen as economically profitable due to vehicle operating cost savings. The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities. | Fiji | {
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | FJI |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities. Again, actual costs depend on the specific policies chosen. Some estimations of costs are given in Annex A. 90To avoid excessive scrapping costs, a regulation establishing vehicle maximum age should be put into place prior to 2030 as then purchasers of vehicles are aware of their commercial lifespan of the vehicle and cannot claim after 20 years a residual value to be paid by the government. | Fiji | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The increase in NMT can be achieved with demand management measures (e.g., vehicle-free zones) which have a very low cost and/or with supply measures such as bike lanes and bike sharing facilities."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Fiji_Low%20Emission%20Development%20%20Strategy%202018%20-%202050.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | FJI |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The improvements in energy efficiency and decarbonisation will concern all modes of transport. The scenario notably envisages a progressive development of biofuels in aviation to reach 50% by 21 Where appropriate by comparison with the “course of time” scenarios. National low carbon strategy - March 2020 19/1762050. Sea and river transport will be entirely carbon-free for domestic emissions by 2050 and 50% decarbonised for the international bunkers. The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised. | France | {
"answer_start": 72,
"text": "rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | FRA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The scenario assumes that the rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled, that a modal shift will occur towards active means of transport, public transport and bulk transportation and that vehicle use will be optimised. Passenger traffic in passenger-km for all modes together will rise by 26% between 2015 and 2050 but at a more moderate rate than in the business-as-usual scenario, notably because of the increase in teleworking and a limitation of urban sprawl. The modal share of cycling will be multiplied by 4 after 2030. Public transport will develop significantly with a progression in its modal share of 7 points, this will also apply to shared transport and car-sharing. | France | {
"answer_start": 5,
"text": "rise in traffic both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods will be controlled,"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/en_SNBC-2_complete.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | FRA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | 20% of Japan s total CO2 emissions. In order to reduce these emissions, it is necessary not only to take measures against automobiles alone, but also to strengthen the combined measures of “Avoid” (reducing unnecessary traffic congestion, etc. ), “Shift” (switching to modes of transportation with low carbon emission intensity, such as by promoting the use of public transportation and modal shift), and “Improve” (technological innovation such as digital technologies including AI, IoT, and big data, and creation of new services using new technologies). In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. | Japan | {
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | JPN |
A_TDM | null | en-US | In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems, and structural measures that contribute to combating traffic- 37 - congestion. In the field of public transportation, it is necessary to decarbonize, and further promote, the use of public transportation which provides essential services as a means of transportation to support life and economic activities in local regions, in light of the fact that the situation surrounding public transportation has become more severe due to the impact of the COVID-19 infection. | Japan | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "In order to smoothen road traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen efforts in terms of both non-structural measures, such as the use of ICT technology and measures for toll systems"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | JPN |
A_TDM | null | fr-FR | Le pôle de services de Monaco (hôtels, équipements sportifs, enseignement.) entraîne une fréquentation importante de visiteurs à la journée (visiteurs de proximité). Ainsi, la Principauté poursuit deux axes d’action en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du transport routier, que sont la réduction du trafic et la décarbonation des moyens de transport. La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics. | Monaco | {
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | MCO |
A_TDM | null | fr-FR | La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics. Les actions structurantes consisteront notamment en la création de parkings relais aux frontières et à la multiplicité des solutions alternatives de mobilité (télécabines, soutien à la marche à pied et à la pratique du vélo par le renforcement des équipements et des offres de e-services). Les transports publics seront progressivement remplacés pour atteindre 0 émission de CO2 en 2030. En complément, le Gouvernement soutient la substitution des véhicules thermiques par des véhicules électriques. | Monaco | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "La priorité d’action se situe dans la diminution absolue des kilomètres parcourus en transports individuels motorisés, au bénéfice des modes actifs et des transports publics."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Monaco_NDC_2020.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | MCO |
A_TDM | null | fr-FR | Les deux suivantes portent plutôt sur les impacts des stratégies de transports bas carbone, d’une part sur les enjeux et filières industrielles, et d’autre part sur les conditions de vie et le budget des ménages. Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. | Morocco | {
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | MAR |
A_TDM | null | fr-FR | Pour favoriser les comportements et investissements soutenant les transports bas carbone, cinq conditions semblent en effet devoir être retenues : Le développement d’infrastructures urbaines propices à une bonne accessibilité aux services publics et commerciaux ; Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage), la diffusion des véhicules zéro émission ; La construction des capacités industrielles pour la production des véhicules du futur et de leurs composants ; Des systèmes d’incitation combinant information-sensibilisation et incitations économiques (politique de prix de l’essence) ; et La prise en compte des contraintes budgétaires des ménages et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs permettant de réduire l’effort d’investissement. En ce qui concerne les infrastructures de transport urbain, un point de passage obligé semble résider dans une coopération renforcée entre Ministère de l’intérieur, Ministère des transports et collectivités locales. | Morocco | {
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "Des politiques pour l’amélioration des performances, l’intensification de l’usage des véhicules (intermodalité, taxis, VTC, covoiturage, autopartage)"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/MAR_LTS_Dec2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | MAR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The Government will scale up its support for future mobility for its enhanced competitiveness and take policies in conjunction with fuel efficiency regulations to promote the use of low-carbon fuels. The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation;"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The Government plans to: i) promote the use of public transportation; ii) expand shared mobility; iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation; iv) reduce energy consumption by promoting commercial use of autonomous vehicles; and v) promote the modal shift from road to rail or shipping, the low-carbon modes of transportation.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Building sector The building sector was estimated to emit 7% of the total national emissions in 2017. Minimizing the energy use in the building sector, while maximizing the energy efficiency and supplying low-carbon energy, is the most cost-effective mitigation option that can reduce the energy cost and GHG emissions at the same time. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 15,
"text": "iii) build systems for traffic demand management and intelligent transportation;"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Convert into new materials and promote products with high added values ● ○ ○ 3. Improve equipment efficiency ● ● ● 4. Promote smart factory and smart industrial complex ◐ ● ◐ 5. Use CCUS ● ◐ ○ 6. Use low-carbon fuels and materials ○ ● ● 7. Reduce emissions from industrial process ● ● ● Buildings 1. Improve building energy efficiency ● ● ○ 2. Supply highly efficient equipment ◐ ● ◐ 3. Promote smart energy management ○ ◐ ◐ 4. Promote renewables and use waste heat ● ◐ ○ Transportation 1. Mix biofuels for road transportation ◐ ● ◐ 2. Promote eco-friendly vehicles and improve average fuel efficiency ● ● ◐ 3. Advance railway system ○ ◐ ○ 4. Advance aviation system ○ ◐ ○ 5. Advance shipping system ○ ◐ ○ 6. Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 135,
"text": "Promote traffic demand management"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Promote traffic demand management ◐ - - Waste 1. Recycle and reduce at source ● ● ○ 2. Methane gas recovery Hygienic landfills ◐ ● ◐ Biological treatment facility ● ● ◐ 3. Increase aerobic operation of landfills ● ○ ◐ 4. Replace with bioplastics ● ○ ● Farming 1. Transition to smart farming ◐ ● ◐ 2. Develop and deploy low-carbon agricultural practices ● ◐ ◐ 3. Promote participatory policies for farmers and consumers ◐ ◐ ◐ 4. Scale up deployment of eco-friendly energy ● ● ◐ Carbon sinks (forest) 1. Expand forests(afforestation, reforestation) ◐ ◐ ◐ 2. Maintain carbon sinks (forest management) ● ◐ ● 3. Expand timber supply ◐ ◐ ◐ * Outlook indictor ●: high, ◐: medium, ○: low Source 2050 Low-carbon Vision Forum s proposal (February, 2020)Visions and Strategies by Sector 1. Energy supply ·············································································· 54 6. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Promote traffic demand management"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Advancement of internal combustion engine has made a remarkable progress in achieving convenience and mobility for people and goods and shortening travel time. The progress has removed all distance-related obstacles in human history. Another paradigm shift in the transportation sector, that could be on a par with the 2nd Industrial Revolution, is now underway. This paradigm shift is led by growing demand for carbon neutrality as well as advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies. Unlike the previous modal transformation that has focused on increasing convenience and shortening travel time, eco-friendliness and smart intelligence are the two keys to the ongoing paradigm shift. This modal transformation seeks to move away from the existing petroleum-based mobility and progress towards future mobility characterized by eco-friendly and autonomous vehicles. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 76,
"text": "modal transformation that has focused on increasing convenience and shortening travel time, eco-friendliness and smart intelligence are the two keys to the ongoing paradigm shift"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | National-level R&D is underway for the commercial deployment of hydrogen-powered trains, ships and drones in Korea by 2030. Such advanced future technologies will help achieve carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea towards a sustainable and green society ▍Managing transportation demand and optimizing vehicle operation Changing people’s behavioral patterns and improving social infrastructure could be an important mitigation strategy as well. The prime example is measures to limit people’s driving to reduce energy consumption, and to optimize traffic operation to make energy consumption more efficient. Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 92,
"text": "Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility. Given that half of the entire population in Korea is living in Seoul capital area, policies to promote the use of public transportation in/out of the metropolitan area will solve the problem of traffic congestion during rush hours. Expanding car sharing service in remote areas without access to public transportation is likely to have a positive effect of controlling demand as the service is expected to reduce the number of cars owned and restrain driving. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Strategies to make people drive less include improving the existing mass transit infrastructure, creating a walking and rideable living environment, and expanding shared mobility."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | AVs are another valid opportunity for reducing GHG emissions. The AV technology also aims to maximize car operational efficiency and improve energy efficiency as well. Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050. ▍Modal shift Korea has the world’s leading logistics system that enables same-day deliveries of goods nationwide. Evolving logistics system is dynamically changing people’s consumption pattern from offline purchases to online shopping, and this trend will accelerate in the years to come. | Republic of Korea | {
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "Policies for traffic demand management and optimized car operation are expected to improve energy efficiency, which will contribute to achieving the transportation sector’s vision by 2050"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/LTS1_RKorea.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | KOR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The development of an environmentally sustainable transport (EST) system, basedon the concept of “Reduce-Shift-Improve” supports reducing (or avoiding) the need to travel, shifting to more environmentally friendly modes, and improving the energy efficiency of transportation and vehicle technology (focused on system efficiency, trip efficiency, and vehicle efficiency). Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) | Sri Lanka | {
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "Avoid the need to travel"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | LKA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Table 4.4.2: NDCs in Transport Sector NDC # NDCs and Actions Timeline NDC 1 Transport sector system improvement 2021-2030 1.1 Avoid the need to travel 2021-2030 1.2 Reduce commuting distances and travel time 2021-2030 1.3 Improve traffic and traffic light management 2021- 2030 1.5 Introduce intelligent transport management systems 2021-2030 1.6 Improve road architecture (road designs, road signs, signaling, signage, etc.) 2021-2030 NDC 2 Promote public passenger transport 2021-2030 2.1 Improve public road transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.2 Improve railway transport for reliability, affordability, accessibility, availability, comfort and safety 2.3 Integrate transport modes 2021-2030 2.4 Improve last mile connectivity 2021-2030 NDC 3 Shift freight to efficient modes 2021-2030 3.1 Switch back to rail from road transport 2021-2030 3.2 Promote transporting petroleum products by pipeline 2021-2030 3.3 Introduce rail-based transport system with inland container depots 2021-2030 NDC 4 Rapid transport for passenger transport 2021-2030 4.1 Introduce Light Rail Transport in Colombo city 2021-2030 NDC 5 Promote non-motorized transport modes 2021- 2030 5.1 Promote the use of bicycles 2021-2030 5.2 Improve the facilities for pedestrian walkways 2021-2030 NDC 6 Introduce taxes and other instruments to promote public transport 2021- 2030 6.1 Change the existing vehicle emission charging system from the present vehicle based to vehicle type, fuel used and emission-based system plus the total km travel 6.2 Restrict the entry of individual modes of transport to sensitive areas and congested areas of major cities during peak hours through a levy 6.3 Develop park and ride infrastructure developments combined with Corden based pricing mechanism NDC 7 Introduce inland water transport modes 2021-2030 7.1 Introduce canal-based water transport using diesel or grid electricity-powered boat service for selected canal routes NDC 8 Modernizing and upgrading of suburban railway 2021-2030 8.1 Electrification of railway lines 2021-2030 8.2 Develop new railway lines and expansion of existing railway network 2021-2030 NDC 9 Promote electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.1 Increase tax concessions for electric & hybrid vehicles 2021-2030 9.2 Facilitate supportive infrastructure developments such as charging stations, battery swapping & replacements 9.3 Tax & Duty concessions for batteries used for electric and hybrid vehicles after introducing a specific HS code NDC 10 Improve vehicle fleet efficiency 2021-2030 10.1 Improve efficiencies of the existing vehicle fleet 2021-2030 10.2 Promote the import of fuel-efficient vehicles 2021-2030 10.3 Introduce programmes to change driver behaviours 2021-2030NDC 11 Road infrastructure development 2021-2030 11.1 Development of provincial and rural road infrastructure for improved mobility 2021-2030 11.2 Expansion of expressway network 2021-2030 NDC 12 Reduce GHG emissions from the marine sector 2021-2030 12.1 Ratify Annex VI of MARPOL convention to enforce provisions in Sri Lanka 2021-2030 12.2 Study the impact of shipping on GHG emissions (coastal traffic and ports) depending on evidence-based information and introduce measures to address the issues 12.4 Introduce energy efficiency measures and fuel quality improvement programmes to coastal shipping and fishing boats and vessels NDC 13 Generic enabling activities 2021-2030 13.1 Introduce new national policy or make amendments to relevant existing policies to promote environmentally sustainable transport modes including electric mobility and hybrid vehicles 13.2 Introduce fuel-based carbon tax 2021-2030 13.3 Include climate change measures in maritime policy making 2021-2030 It is expected that the implementation of updated NDCs will result in GHG emissions reduction against BAU scenario by 4.0% in the transport sector (1.0% unconditionally and 3.0% conditionally) equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1,337,000 MT unconditionally and 4,011,000 MT conditionally (total of 5,348,000 MT) of carbon dioxide equivalent during the period of 2021-2030 (Figure 4.4.2). | Sri Lanka | {
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "Avoid the need to travel"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/NDCs%20of%20Sri%20Lanka-2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | LKA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | • Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. • Build a globally competitive zero emission vehicle supply chain and ensure our automotive sector is at the forefront of the transition to net zero. • Lead by example with 25% of the government car fleet ultra low emission by December 2022 and all the government car and van fleet zero emission by 2027. • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | GBR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | • Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030 and reduce the barriers to data sharing across the transport sector. • Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. • Increase the share of journeys taken by public transport, cycling and walking. • Support decarbonisation by investing more than £12 billion in local transport systems over the current Parliament. • Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 1,
"text": "Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | GBR |
A_TDM | null | en-US | The government remains technology neutral and acknowledges that there will be other transport applications where hydrogen may be well suited, including the potential for hydrogen to be utilised within combustion engines, where it can be shown to produce zero harmful emissions at the tailpipe. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy51. We are investing £3 million in 2021 to establish the UK’s first multi-modal hydrogen transport hub in Tees Valley. The funding is kick-starting activity across the region, supporting collaborative R&D pilot projects and pop-up trials that demonstrate hydrogen technology solutions across transport modes and forge new industry and academic partnerships. Future transport – more choice, better efficiency 52. We will take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030. Increasing car occupancy from 1.55 to 1.7 could save nearly 3 Mt of carbon a year by 2030. | United Kingdom | {
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "Take action to increase average road vehicle occupancy by 2030"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UK%20Net%20Zero%20Strategy%20-%20Build%20Back%20Greener.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | GBR |
A_TDM | null | fr-FR | 2) Intensification d une production agricole, animale et halieutique respectueuse de l environnement et permettant de limiter la déforestation / dégradation - Amélioration durable de la productivité agricole et gestion durable de la production animale et halieutique ; - Adaptation des calendriers culturaux, et des techniques de production ; - Limitation des émissions de méthane de la riziculture en réduisant au maximum la submersion ; -Renforcement des partenariats et collaborations pour améliorer la productivité́ des sols, la mise en œuvre d’innovations agricoles ; développer l’agriculture raisonnée, conservatoire ou durable Réduction du CH4 des cultures de riz 3) Promotion des pratiques permettant d améliorer les capacités de production agricole et valoriser les ressources du milieu - Utilisation des inhibiteurs de nitrification ; - Supplémentation en matières grasses dans l alimentation des ruminants (% de matières grasses DM ajoutées)République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 Energie/Déchets Grands enjeux de l énergie: (i) Améliorer l accès des populations et des industries à l électricité en quadruplant la capacité de production à l’horizon 2035 pour passer à 6 GW ; (ii) accroitre l utilisation des énergies renouvelables dans la production d électricité, surtout dans les zones difficilement raccordables au réseau électrique et (iii) faire de l’efficacité énergétique une priorité nationale. Grands enjeux des déchets : Améliorer la salubrité urbaine notamment en faisant des déchets une ressource pour la production d’énergie MESSAGE CLE : « Porter à 25 % la part des énergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet électrique en 2035 » Orientations par rapport à la SND 30 Actions d’atténuation retenues Options de réduction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation énergétique des systèmes par une politique d efficacité́ énergétique volontariste - Promotion de l’efficacité énergétique; - Mise en place d une règlementation sur l efficacité́ énergétique (EE); - Création et opérationnalisation l’Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l’utilisation des énergies (APRUE); - Développement des incitations économiques pour promouvoir et lever les barrières à l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de véhicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des véhicules - Éclairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - Éclairage efficace avec LED; - Éclairage efficace avec LED remplaçant les fluo compactes; - Efficacité énergétique dans l industrie; - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - Éclairage public efficace; - Efficacité énergétique de service ; - Réseaux électrique efficaces ; - Mini hydroélectricité hors réseau ;République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone. | Cameroon | {
"answer_start": 425,
"text": "Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | CMR |
A_TDM | null | fr-FR | Grands enjeux des déchets : Améliorer la salubrité urbaine notamment en faisant des déchets une ressource pour la production d’énergie MESSAGE CLE : « Porter à 25 % la part des énergies renouvelables hors grande hydro dans le bouquet électrique en 2035 » Orientations par rapport à la SND 30 Actions d’atténuation retenues Options de réduction retenues 4) Maitrise de la consommation énergétique des systèmes par une politique d efficacité́ énergétique volontariste - Promotion de l’efficacité énergétique; - Mise en place d une règlementation sur l efficacité́ énergétique (EE); - Création et opérationnalisation l’Agence de promotion et de rationalisation de l’utilisation des énergies (APRUE); - Développement des incitations économiques pour promouvoir et lever les barrières à l investissement dans l EE; - Favorisation de l achat de véhicules peu polluants et mise au rebut des véhicules - Éclairage efficace avec les ampoules fluo compactes; - Éclairage efficace avec LED; - Éclairage efficace avec LED remplaçant les fluo compactes; - Efficacité énergétique dans l industrie; - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec des ampoules fluo compactes: - Éclairage de bureau efficace avec LED; - Éclairage public efficace; - Efficacité énergétique de service ; - Réseaux électrique efficaces ; - Mini hydroélectricité hors réseau ;République du Cameroun CDN Révisée 2021 plus polluants via des normes, incitations ou obligations ; - Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone. - Services d’autobus Express 5) Valorisation efficiente des ressources pour tendre vers une économie circulaire - Gestion durable et efficace des déchets, - Renforcement des politiques de gestion des déchets (d’ici à 2035, toutes les grandes villes devraient avoir des décharges aménagées avec au moins 70 % de captage de méthane) ; - Promotion du développement d’une économie circulaire ; - Récupération / utilisation des déchets agricoles et forestiers ; compostage ; - Valorisation / traitement des autres déchets (station d’épuration, boues de vidange. | Cameroon | {
"answer_start": 219,
"text": "Promotion des modes de transport à faible émission carbone."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/CDN%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e%20CMR%20finale%20sept%202021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | CMR |
A_TDM | null | es-ES | - Desarrollo y promoción de un mercado de Empresas de Gestión de la Energía (ESCOs). Programa de Eficiencia Energética - Optimización de Generación Eléctrica y Eficiencia Energética (OGE&EE) - Reducción de la quema de gas asociado en antorcha - Utilización del gas asociado al petróleo para la generación de energía eléctrica y producción de GLP. (Ampliación del Programa). Energías Renovables - Bloque de Proyectos de Renovables no convencionales. - Energía Geotermia. - Hidroenergía: Santiago I, II NAMA de transporte de carga y pasajeros - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de carga. - Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. -Eficiencia energética en el sector de Hidrocarburos - Recambio de motores del Sistema de Oleoductos Transecuatoriano (SOTE). - Ciclo Combinado en Refinería. | Ecuador | {
"answer_start": 96,
"text": "Acciones de reducción de emisiones de GEI en transporte de pasajeros en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Primera%20NDC%20Ecuador.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | ECU |
A_TDM | null | en-US | • The breakdown of transport energy in 2050 are: biofuels (46%), oil fuels (20%), electricity (30%) and natural gas (4%). The biofuel (CPO-based) programme is considered successful and will be continued to 2050 by supplying biofuel with higher biodiesel proportions (B30, B40, B50), which will be produced from sustainable sources. • “Mobility as a service” will continue to grow. • Household expenditure for transport is around 20% of total household spending. • Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status. • Many cities are connected by inter-city trains especially in Java. Existing plan shows that 3,200 km of train tracks will be built to serve transport in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. b. | Indonesia | {
"answer_start": 72,
"text": "Choice of mode of transport is affected by cost, comfort level and social status."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Indonesia_LTS-LCCR_2021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | LTS | null | IDN |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Reducing coal consumption through gasification of households in the country (WM)19 1.2. Replacement of light vehicles with internal combustion engines for electric vehicles (WAM) 1.3. Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development (WM) 1.4. Reduction of electricity losses during transmission (WM) 1.5. Reduction of electricity losses during distribution (WM)19 1.6. Replacement of buses with diesel/gasoline fuel engines by buses with gas-powered engines in Bishkek (WM) 1.7. Reconstruction and improvement of the heat supply system of the city of Bishkek (WM) 1.8. Replacement of diesel/ gasoline fuel engines buses with buses with gas-powered engines in Osh city (WAM) 16 The presented measures were collected and discussed during the consultations of the first round of sectoral technical meetings. The calculation methodology was presented, discussed and agreed upon in a second round of technical meetings with sector stakeholders. 17 Evaluation by UNDP. 18 Evaluation by UNDP. | Kyrgyzstan | {
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "Improving Traffic Management and Cycling Infrastructure Development"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%92%20ENG%20%D0%BE%D1%82%2008102021.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | KGZ |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Transport Improve understanding of climate change- related risks and support planning capacities for climate-resilient infrastructure in the transport sector - Provide training to decision-makers managing the construction of transport infrastructure on climate risk impacts; - Undertake periodic assessments of the level of resilience to climate change impact of the transport infrastructure; - Produce a research-analysis-assessment platform on climate change risks with impact on transport infrastructure, involving insurance companies; - Communicate transport sector climate risks to the targeted audience and general pubic using georeferenced data on climate hazards, social and gender vulnerabilities, risk mapping covering different scenarios of threats, other tools.Sectors Sectorial adaptation priorities Main activities and actions in support of adaptation priorities - Carry out research on the design and development of advanced materials and technologies aimed at increasing the resistance of roads, railways, aerodromes, ports to climate hazards; - Adjust urban and land-use planning to future climate change-related risks for transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, railways, waterways, aerodromes); - Promote funding schemes to support climate action that fit specific transport sector related needs, geographic area, other specifics. Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. | Republic of Moldova | {
"answer_start": 196,
"text": "fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | MDA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Improve access to climate-resilient and safe public transport - Ensure the access of citizens to safe transport systems with fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all, as well as improving road safety, in particular by expanding the public transport system; - Promote a well-developed cycling path network, accessible pedestrian routes; - Promote more sustainable consumer behavior in using transport. Create sustainable transport infrastructure - Implement adaptation measures to combat the effect of temperature variation: heat- tolerant streets and highways, landscape protection, heat-resilient paving materials; milling out ruts; shifting construction schedules to cooler parts of the day; design for higher maximum temperatures in replacement or new construction; adaptation of cooling systems; - Promote and implement adaptation solutions for extreme precipitations such as climate-resilient paving materials and overlay with more rut-resilient asphalt; use of the most efficient technologies to assure sealing and renewal of asphalt concrete; wider use of efficient road maintenance methods, including preventive and corrective maintenance; improve flood protection; greater use of sensors for monitoring water flows; upgrading of road drainage systems and improved collection and disposal of rainwater from the roads; pavement grooving and sloping; implement increased standards for drainage capacity for new transportation infrastructure and major rehabilitation projects; - Identification and implementation of corporate management and advanced technological models for the management of transport infrastructure in response to the impact of climate change; - Purchase the necessary equipment for cleaning and widening riverbeds, and the development of a system for navigation monitoring, etc. | Republic of Moldova | {
"answer_start": 19,
"text": "fair, accessible and sustainable prices for all"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/MD_Updated_NDC_final_version_EN.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | MDA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | Increased adaptative capacity as a result of increased off-farm business for rural community having access to electricity/ energy. UPDATED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONTransport Public transport infrastructure Wide range of measures including bus rapid transport (BRT) project, bus lanes, non-motorised transport lanes, and other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA, CoK, transport operators) 50 million USD (but cost estimates are limited to bus mea- sures only). Increased resilience of transport infrastructure. Improved health and reduction of harmful pollutants, enhacing resilience of population to disease and adverse climate impacts. Electric vehicles (EVs) The e-mobility programme plans for the phased adoption of electric buses, passenger vehicles (cars) and motorocycles from 2020 onwards, resulting in displaced conventional vehicle sales, transport fuel imports and associated GHG emissions. MININFRA (RTDA, REMA, RURA CoK, transport operators) Total costs including EVs and charging infrastructure est. | Rwanda | {
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "other modal shift projects contained in the Transport Sector Strategic Plan as part of the NST1"
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Rwanda_Updated_NDC_May_2020.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | RWA |
A_TDM | null | en-US | An increase in renewable energy share integrated in the national grid; ii. a reduction in power grid losses and increase of energy efficiency; and, iii. a significant reduction in the transport sector’s carbon footprint. With the implementation of these measures, STP will be able to contribute towards an estimated GHG emissions reduction of 109 kTCO2 eq, corresponding to a 27% emission reduction by 2030, with a total estimated cost of close to USD 150M. The goal to reduce emissions is conditional to the availability and mobilization of external funding with the aim of reducing projected emissions in the business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios by 2030. | Sao Tome and Principe | {
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "a significant reduction in the transport sector’s carbon footprint."
} | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated_NDC_STP_2021_EN_.pdf | What changes are considered for transport demand management? | Updated NDC | null | STP |