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Video, high definition, colour and sound (stereo) | [
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] | 2,012 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/jeremy-deller-3034" aria-label="More by Jeremy Deller" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Jeremy Deller</a> | Beyond White Walls | 2,016 | [] | Purchased 2016 | T14527 | {
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} | 7011781 7008136 7002445 7008591 | Jeremy Deller | 2,012 | [] | <p><span>Beyond the White Walls</span> 2012 is a video that takes the form of a slide show of images, with spoken commentary by the artist, documenting projects and artworks that he has carried out in the public domain over a twenty-year period. The work was originally made for Deller’s retrospective solo exhibition <span>Joy in People</span> at the Hayward Gallery, London, in 2012. It records performative and ephemeral projects – designed for a specific context with a limited lifespan – that are not easily represented in the gallery in a conventional way, as the title suggests. The work can be installed in its own room with a mural surrounding the entrance depicting a giant pair of staring eyes and a gaping mouth through which the viewer walks. The video can also be displayed on a monitor as long as it is large enough for the text to be read easily. The work exists in an edition of three, of which this copy is number three.</p> | false | 1 | 3034 | time-based media video high definition colour sound stereo | [] | Beyond the White Walls | 2,012 | Tate | 2012 | CLEARED | 10 | duration: 26min, 11sec | accessioned work | Tate | Purchased 2016 | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Beyond the White Walls</i> 2012 is a video that takes the form of a slide show of images, with spoken commentary by the artist, documenting projects and artworks that he has carried out in the public domain over a twenty-year period. The work was originally made for Deller’s retrospective solo exhibition <i>Joy in People</i> at the Hayward Gallery, London, in 2012. It records performative and ephemeral projects – designed for a specific context with a limited lifespan – that are not easily represented in the gallery in a conventional way, as the title suggests. The work can be installed in its own room with a mural surrounding the entrance depicting a giant pair of staring eyes and a gaping mouth through which the viewer walks. The video can also be displayed on a monitor as long as it is large enough for the text to be read easily. The work exists in an edition of three, of which this copy is number three.</p>\n<p>The video begins with Deller describing his earliest experiments with works intended for public circulation through covert interventions, from fly posters designed for student notice boards and nightclubs, to car bumper stickers, banknotes and t-shirts bearing slogans. Such projects, while often slight in nature, reflect Deller’s desire from the outset to make work that is only truly activated in the public realm, either by intercepting unsuspecting passers-by or through orchestrated events that bring together different cultural traditions and social groups. Projects such as <i>Brian Epstein Died for You</i> 1994 and <i>Butterfly Ball</i> 1995 reveal Deller’s interest in eccentric individuals who have nevertheless had a significant impact on British culture (Beatles manager Brian Epstein and nightclub owner Peter Stringfellow respectively). <i>Unconvention</i> 1998 documents an exhibition of artworks and events held at Cardiff’s Centre for Visual Arts based on Welsh band the Manic Street Preachers’ political beliefs, intellectual interests and ‘tastes in art’. Other projects include <i>Folk Archive</i> 1998–2005, his collaboration with Alan Kane (born 1961) documenting and collecting the vernacular culture of Britain, and public commissions such as <i>Speak to the Earth and It Will Tell You</i> 2007–17 (a long-term ongoing project with the Klein Gardens in Munster for Skulptur Projekte Munster in which participants are creating scrapbooks over a ten year period) and <i>Risk Assessment</i> 2008, a work for Folkestone Triennial in which local residents were invited to perform unannounced slapstick actions throughout the town.</p>\n<p>Despite the disparate nature of Deller’s projects, <i>Beyond the White Walls</i> reveals the threads and themes that recur throughout his work and that continue to characterise his practice: namely, his non-hierarchical approach to culture in its broadest sense; a self-awareness of his position as a middle class, public-school-educated man; his belief in the power of fandom; the necessity of a certain level of humour and embarrassment; the importance of displaying failures as well as successes; the relationship of the individual to the collective, and the private to the public; and his desire to make visible the myriad and unconventional paths to knowledge. As such, <i>Beyond the White Walls</i> acts as an anthology of Deller’s artistic strategy and the breadth of his work from his early days as a student to public commissions some twenty years later. The video also offers a view of life in Britain at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Jeremy Deller, <i>Epstein</i>, Liverpool 2007.<br/>\n<i>Jeremy Deller: It Is What It Is</i>, exhibition catalogue, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York 2011.<br/>\n<i>Jeremy Deller: Joy in People</i>, exhibition catalogue, Hayward Gallery, London 2012.</p>\n<p>Lizzie Carey-Thomas<br/>August 2015</p>\n</div>\n",
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35mm film shown as video, high definition, colour and sound | [
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{
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] | 1,993 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/derek-jarman-2327" aria-label="More by Derek Jarman" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Derek Jarman</a> | Blue | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Tate Patrons 2014 | T14555 | {
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} | 7008153 7002445 7008591 7011781 7008136 | Derek Jarman | 1,993 | [] | <p><span>Blue </span>1993 is a film by the British artist and filmmaker Derek Jarman which features a single static shot of the colour blue with a voiceover and musical soundtrack. The voiceover, written by Jarman, consists of a diaristic and poetic text documenting his AIDS-related illness and impending death at a time that he had become partially blind, his vision often interrupted by blue light. The film is Jarman’s last feature and was completed only a few months before he died. Consequently, <span>Blue</span> forms a direct counterpart to the late painting <span>Ataxia - Aids is Fun </span>1993 (Tate T06768) in its evocation of Jarman’s final illness, albeit from a very different standpoint.</p> | false | 1 | 2327 | time-based media 35mm film shown as video high definition colour sound | [
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] | Blue | 1,993 | Tate | 1993 | CLEARED | 10 | duration: 79min | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by <a href="/search?gid=999999780" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">Tate Patrons</a> 2014 | [
{
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Blue </i>1993 is a film by the British artist and filmmaker Derek Jarman which features a single static shot of the colour blue with a voiceover and musical soundtrack. The voiceover, written by Jarman, consists of a diaristic and poetic text documenting his AIDS-related illness and impending death at a time that he had become partially blind, his vision often interrupted by blue light. The film is Jarman’s last feature and was completed only a few months before he died. Consequently, <i>Blue</i> forms a direct counterpart to the late painting <i>Ataxia - Aids is Fun </i>1993 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/jarman-ataxia-aids-is-fun-t06768\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T06768</span></a>) in its evocation of Jarman’s final illness, albeit from a very different standpoint.</p>\n<p>The visual language of <i>Blue</i> – an unchanging blue screen – directly references Yves Klein’s (1928–1962) evocation of the void and zones of immateriality through his use of the colour ‘International Klein Blue’ (see, for instance, Klein’s <i>IKB 79</i> 1959, Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/klein-ikb-79-t01513\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01513</span></a>). The film’s voiceover is spoken by Jarman alongside long-term collaborators Tilda Swinton, Nigel Terry and John Quentin. The text – often spoken as a form of verse – is augmented by music and sound by Jarman’s regular composer Simon Fisher-Turner, as well as Coil, Momus, Karol Szymanowski and Eric Satie.</p>\n<p>The genesis of <i>Blue</i> dates back to 1987 when Jarman conceived of a film – initially tentatively titled <i>International Blue</i> (alternative early titles include <i>Blue is Poison</i> and <i>My Blue Heaven</i>) – that directly engaged with Klein’s painting and underlying philosophy. Jarman’s initial proposal was for a film that might explore: ‘the juxtaposition of sound and image that exists in <i>The Last of England </i>[a feature film made by Jarman in 1987], but unlike this film to produce an atmosphere of calm and joy. A world to which refugees from that dark space may journey.’ (Derek Jarman, ‘proposal for <i>Blue</i>’, August 1987, quoted in Peake 1999, p.398.) The film, even at this very early stage of development, was always conceived to be an imageless projected screen of International Klein Blue complemented by a soundtrack that would tell the story of Klein ‘in sound and jazzy be-bop’ (Jarman 1987, quoted in Peake 1999, p.398). However, because such an approach would have inevitably rendered the film virtually impossible to fund, he then planned for the film to be a masque set in a blue room.</p>\n<p>As Jarman developed his ideas for the film over ensuing years, texts by Klein were augmented by related texts by other artists and writers and then finally by Jarman himself. As his illness took greater hold, and Channel 4 agreed to fund the development of the script, the film’s subject moved from a concentration on Klein to one that conveyed a wider myth about a journey through London (this version was titled <i>Blueprint for Bliss</i> or <i>Bliss</i>). The film became less about Klein and both more social and personal before it then evolved, as <i>Pansy</i>, into ‘a musical film covering anti-queer legislation from the 60s to the 80s’ – a script that was rejected by Channel 4 (Derek Jarman and Malcolm Sutherland quoted in Peake 1999, p.477).</p>\n<p>By the end of 1992 Jarman returned once again to <i>Blue</i> as he had originally conceived it, with a blue screen devoid of imagery so that nothing would detract from ‘the admirable austerity of the void’ (Jarman and Sutherland quoted in Peake 1999, p.477). The film became a meditation on colour, the void and his disease. Jarman felt that he had previously failed to address AIDS through film in the way he had done through his late paintings. By accompanying a field of blue with a richly layered soundtrack, he finally succeeded in addressing this subject with film by creating an elegiac journey towards a zone of immateriality. Jarman explained in a late proposal for the film: ‘The monochrome is an alchemy, effective liberation from personality. It articulates silence. It is a fragment of an immense work without limit. The blue of the landscape of liberty.’ (Jarman 1987, quoted in Peake 1999, p.515.)</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>Blue: Text of a Film by Derek Jarman</i>, London 1993.<br/>Derek Jarman, <i>Chroma: A Book of Colour </i>– <i>June ’93</i>, London 1994.<br/>Tony Peake, <i>Derek Jarman</i>, London 1999.</p>\n<p>Andrew Wilson<br/>November 2013</p>\n</div>\n",
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Video, projection, colour and sound | [
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"fc": "Dineo Seshee Bopape",
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{
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] | 2,013 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/dineo-seshee-bopape-18976" aria-label="More by Dineo Seshee Bopape" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Dineo Seshee Bopape</a> | is i am sky | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Emile Stipp 2014, accessioned 2016
| T14556 | {
"id": 10,
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} | 1000193 7001242 | Dineo Seshee Bopape | 2,013 | [] | <p><span>is i am sky </span>by Dineo Seshee Bopape is a single-screen video projection with sound that shows the artist’s face merging with her surroundings as she walks through a landscape. The video is shot in extreme close-up and from a low angle, so that the viewer can see the artist’s face and a restricted view of the trees, the ground, and the sky above. As she moves, the artist’s face fades in and out of view, appearing patchy as it is intercepted by the background scene. At times Bopape’s face doubles or triples, the skin of these additional faces obscured so that only the eyes, nose and mouth are visible. The video’s soundtrack consists of birds singing, tinkling noises, vocal music and drumbeats that repeat in fast patterns. As the video goes on, Bopape’s features begin to merge with spillages of colour, cosmic imagery and black space. The soundtrack slowly progresses towards crashing percussive sounds and sustained notes as the cosmic imagery takes over the frame, and the video ends with Bopape’s face almost entirely obscured. When displayed, the video is projected at a large scale in a dark room. The version held by Tate is number two in an edition of three plus one artist’s proof.</p> | false | 1 | 18976 | time-based media video projection colour sound | [
{
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{
"dateText": "4 October 2022",
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"id": 15060,
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],
"id": 12381,
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"title": "Dineo Seshee Bopape",
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] | is i am sky | 2,013 | Tate | 2013 | CLEARED | 10 | duration: 17min, 48sec | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Emile Stipp 2014, accessioned 2016
| [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>is i am sky </i>by Dineo Seshee Bopape is a single-screen video projection with sound that shows the artist’s face merging with her surroundings as she walks through a landscape. The video is shot in extreme close-up and from a low angle, so that the viewer can see the artist’s face and a restricted view of the trees, the ground, and the sky above. As she moves, the artist’s face fades in and out of view, appearing patchy as it is intercepted by the background scene. At times Bopape’s face doubles or triples, the skin of these additional faces obscured so that only the eyes, nose and mouth are visible. The video’s soundtrack consists of birds singing, tinkling noises, vocal music and drumbeats that repeat in fast patterns. As the video goes on, Bopape’s features begin to merge with spillages of colour, cosmic imagery and black space. The soundtrack slowly progresses towards crashing percussive sounds and sustained notes as the cosmic imagery takes over the frame, and the video ends with Bopape’s face almost entirely obscured. When displayed, the video is projected at a large scale in a dark room. The version held by Tate is number two in an edition of three plus one artist’s proof.</p>\n<p>The work was conceived and filmed in San Francisco in 2011 when Bopape was undertaking an artist’s residency at Headlands Center for the Arts. She set out into the Californian landscape alone and recorded the footage for <i>is i am sky </i>with a small hand-held camera. As she walked, Bopape recorded herself singing using minimal equipment. She also recorded the sound of the wind while she sang, allowing the harsh Californian gusts to brush against her unprotected microphone.</p>\n<p>Bopape made <i>is i am sky</i> in response to the trial of former African National Congress Youth League President Julius Malema that was taking place in South Africa in 2011. A prominent activist, Malema was convicted of hate speech after singing the contentious struggle song ‘Ayasaba Amagwala, dubuli bhunu’, which translates to ‘The cowards are scared. Kill the Boer [white farmer]’. In response, Bopape performed the African Cream Freedom Choir’s song ‘Hamba Kahle Mkhonto’ for Malema while filming herself walking through the landscape. This song was often sung during South African apartheid – the institutional racial oppression against the country’s BIPOC (Black, indigenous and people of colour) majority from the 1940s to the 1990s – and is widely sung at funerals in the country as a reconciliation and gesture towards farewell. In <i>is i am sky</i>, the soothing quality of Bopape’s singing voice contrasts with the abrasiveness of the wind, hinting at the resistance faced by those fighting for freedom of speech.</p>\n<p>The title of the work refers to jazz composer Sun Ra’s 1972 poem ‘The Endless Realm’, which begins: ‘I have nothing / Nothing! / How really is I am…’. Bopape’s video echoes Sun Ra’s celebration of cosmic infinity as a frontier for Black liberation. As the work progresses, Bopape’s face becomes an expanding gateway into the vastness of the universe, and she increasingly blurs the markers of her identity. Describing the video, the artist has said: ‘I was trying to find a way of marrying the sky’, to merge with the ‘space that nothing occupies’ (Dineo Seshee Bopape, conversation with Tate curators, 2019). According to curator Portia Malatjie, through the chaotic merging of cosmic imagery with the face, sky, landscape, bursts of colour and sonic disorientation, <i>is i am sky</i> enacts further liberation by ‘construct[ing] an alternate existence where the memories of black people are made visible and given space to unfold’ (Malatjie 2019, p.7).</p>\n<p>\n<i>is i am sky</i> was first exhibited in June 2013 in Bopape’s second solo show, <i>Kgoro ya go tšwa: Even if you fall from a circle</i> at Stevenson Gallery in Cape Town. Reviewing the exhibition, critic Athi Mongezeleli Joja wrote, ‘[in] <i>is i am sky</i>, the issues of exiting and loss are profoundly suggested’ (Joja 2013, accessed 22 August 2022). This can be seen in the mourning song that Bopape sings, and in the shifting visibility and invisibility of her face throughout. Loss and departure are common themes in Bopape’s wider practice, which ranges from video, miniature paintings and drawings to large-scale, site-specific installations. In <i>Untitled (Of Occult Instability) [Feelings] </i>2016–18 she explored issues of sexual violence in a room-based installation. Bathed in an orange hue, it was filled with scattered objects and videos including footage of the singer Nina Simone suffering a breakdown onstage as a result of bipolar disorder. <i>Master Harmoniser </i>2021 is<i> </i>a collection of over 1,000 drawings connecting African and North American locations. The drawings feature a sea of waves and were made using clay and soil partly taken from the Island of Gorée off the coast of Dakar, Senegal, which was a departure point from the African continent for the Atlantic slave trade. Linking places and histories in a transhistorical manner in these works and in <i>is i am sky</i>, Bopape ensures that what has been forgotten can be remembered, seen and questioned.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Athi Mongezeleli Joja, ‘Dineo Seshee Bopape at Stevenson in Cape Town’, <i>ArtThrob</i>, June–July 2013, <a href=\"http://www.artthrob.co.za/Reviews/Athi_Mongezeleli_Joja__reviews_Kgoro_ya_go_Tswa_by_Dineo_Seshee_Bopape_at_Stevenson_in_Cape_Town.aspx\">http://www.artthrob.co.a/Revews/Athi_Mongezeleli_Joja__reviews_Kgoro_ya_go_Tswa_by_Dineo_Seshee_Bopape_at_Stevenson_inCape_Town.aspx</a>, accessed 22 August 2022.<br/>Sean O’Toole and Dineo Seshee Bobape, ‘Interview’, in <i>My Joburg</i>, exhibition catalogue, La Maison Rouge, Paris 2013.<br/>Portia Malatjie, ‘Nang’umfazomnyama: Race and Technology in Dineo Seshee Bopape’s <i>is i am sky</i>’, <i>Afterall</i>, no.48, Autumn/Winter 2019, pp.4–11.</p>\n<p>Elvira Dyangani Ose<br/>September 2013<br/>Revised by Valentine Umansky, Michael Raymond and Celia Delahunt<br/>August 2022</p>\n</div>\n",
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Video, high definition, colour and sound | [
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] | 119,800 | [
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] | 2,012 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/naeem-mohaiemen-18178" aria-label="More by Naeem Mohaiemen" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Naeem Mohaiemen</a> | United Red Army | 2,016 | [] | Purchased using funds provided by the South Asian Acquisitions Committee 2016
| T14557 | {
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} | 7000189 7007567 7008136 7002445 7008591 | Naeem Mohaiemen | 2,012 | [] | <p><span>United Red Army</span> 2012 is a seventy-minute-long video with sound that forms part of the artist’s series <span>The Young Man Was</span> 2012–16. This group of works is based on a research-led process in which Mohaiemen excavates historic and archival material looking for anecdotes and moments which illuminate an ongoing history of failures of radical left movements, or what he refers to as the ‘ultra-left’. Mohaiemen focuses on the history of his native Bangladesh, but highlights points of intersection or rupture between radical movements, annotating and destabilising received or established versions of their often incomplete histories. Reviewing the Sharjah Biennial in 2011, in which Mohaiemen showed work from this series, Kaelen Wilson Goldie wrote: ‘Though broadly concerned with failed utopias, the project pursues a specific thesis: that the revolutionary movements of the 1970s gave the left an accidental Trojan horse by giving rise to a reactionary, counterrevolutionary right.’ (Goldie 2011, p.128.<span>)</span></p> | false | 1 | 18178 | time-based media video high definition colour sound | [] | United Red Army | 2,012 | Tate | 2012 | CLEARED | 10 | duration: 70min | accessioned work | Tate | Purchased using funds provided by the South Asian Acquisitions Committee 2016
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>United Red Army</i> 2012 is a seventy-minute-long video with sound that forms part of the artist’s series <i>The Young Man Was</i> 2012–16. This group of works is based on a research-led process in which Mohaiemen excavates historic and archival material looking for anecdotes and moments which illuminate an ongoing history of failures of radical left movements, or what he refers to as the ‘ultra-left’. Mohaiemen focuses on the history of his native Bangladesh, but highlights points of intersection or rupture between radical movements, annotating and destabilising received or established versions of their often incomplete histories. Reviewing the Sharjah Biennial in 2011, in which Mohaiemen showed work from this series, Kaelen Wilson Goldie wrote: ‘Though broadly concerned with failed utopias, the project pursues a specific thesis: that the revolutionary movements of the 1970s gave the left an accidental Trojan horse by giving rise to a reactionary, counterrevolutionary right.’ (Goldie 2011, p.128.<i>)</i>\n</p>\n<p>\n<i>United Red Army</i> has a multi-layered audio narrative and can be screened in an auditorium or gallery space. The work consists of subtitled audio recordings, images and footage from television, and a voice-over by the artist layering a personal narrative over the historical material. The title refers to a faction of the Japanese Red Army, a communist militant group formed in Lebanon in the early 1970s seeking the overthrow of the Japanese monarchy, which became known as the United Red Army when it combined with a Maoist group in Japan. Close to the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, which was then seen as a model of armed resistance by international guerrilla movements, the United Red Army was responsible for a series of hijack attempts, in this case the hijacking in 1977 of Japan Airlines flight JAL 472 which they forced to land in Dhaka, Bangladesh when Mohaiemen was just a child.</p>\n<p>The film is overlaid in sections with personal nuances; it opens with the impact on the eight-year-old Mohaiemen when news coverage of the hijacking interrupts the transmission of his favourite programme, <i>The Zoo Gang</i>,<i> </i>an American television show about four World War II veterans who regroup to fight crime<i>. </i>The large part of the <i>United Red Army</i> consists of the compelling audio recordings, which Mohaiemen unearthed years later, of the conversations between the negotiator in the air traffic control tower and the hijackers, interspersed with found footage from popular media. The tones of their voices and the nature of the dialogue reveal the tension and building up of a relationship between ‘Dhaka Tower’, subtitled in green, and ‘Dankesu’, subtitled in red, the pseudonyms used by the chief negotiator and United Red Army spokesperson. </p>\n<p>The plane remained on the runway in Dhaka from 28 September 28 to 2 October, during which time the Japanese government arranged a prisoner exchange. The hijackers had not bargained for local conditions in Bangladesh, which was just recovering from a military coup. Mohaiemen weaves into the narrative images – taken by Japanese tourists on board the plane – of what was a side-show during the international event but a significant moment in the history of Bangladesh: a battalion of left-leaning soldiers with shared Maoist ideals attempted to stage a counter-coup against the military government of General Zia ur Rehman, and tried to storm the airport. Mohaiemen wove this material into the narrative, retaining its subversive and hidden nature, building the plot of his film in layers that allow different chronologies to emerge, including footage from films starring Carole Wells, an actress who was coincidentally one of the hostages. Eleven of the rebelling soldiers were killed on the tarmac; the only publicly accessible evidence of these events comes from the photographs taken by the hostages on board the plane. In the film, the tones of the negotiators change from banter discussing their ideological differences to terse commands, the Dhaka Tower urging Dankesu to turn his weapons on the mutinying soldiers, ‘Without hesitation, shoot those people, shoot to kill!.’ Dankesu’s wary response is, ‘I have understood that you have internal problems.’</p>\n<p>While the hijacking ended with the safe release of 156 passengers in exchange for nine prisoners (after the plane made further stops in Kuwait City and Damascus), the coup in Bangladesh led to further internal violence and repression. Mohaiemen wrote in his short introduction to the work, ‘Behind the scenes is the secret history of a military coup, which was attempted inside the Bangladesh Air Force while the hijack was going on. The Japanese know only the “peaceful end” to the hijack, while on the Bangladesh side there was tremendous collateral damage.’(Mohaiemen, 2013)</p>\n<p>\n<i>United Red Army</i> relates to contemporary concerns regarding the veracity and stability of historic archives and the need to explore cosmopolitan histories beyond the official version. Within his own project, Mohaiemen considers this film one element in a multi-pronged approach to fragmented histories that are difficult to capture and collect. Combining text, audio and found images, Mohaiemen also engages with the nature of the mediatised image and of what has been called the ‘poor’ or low-quality image. As citizen journalism grows and images captured and transmitted in real time on devices such as mobile phones become the norm, this work explores an early instance of the ‘tourist turned hostage turned witness’ (Goldie 2011, p.128). Mohaiemen also explored the subject in the work <i>My Mobile Weighs a Ton </i>2008, a piece consisting of photographs taken on his mobile phone in the aftermath of a riot in Dhaka. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Kaelen Wilson Goldie, ‘Sharjah Biennial 10: Plot for a Biennial’<i>, Bidoun</i>, vol.25, 2011, pp.128–9.<br/>Murtaza Vali, ‘Complicating the History of the Left’,<i> Blouin Artinfo</i>, February 2012, <a href=\"http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/760433/complicating-the-history-of-the-left\">http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/760433/complicating-the-history-of-the-left</a>, accessed 15 April 2013. <br/>Sarinah Masukor, ‘The Already Too Late – An Archive of Beautiful Doubt’, <i>Lux online</i>, 4 October, 2016, <a href=\"https://lux.org.uk/writing/new-artist-focus-sarinah-masukor-naeem-mohaiemen\">https://lux.org.uk/writing/new-artist-focus-sarinah-masukor-naeem-mohaiemen</a>, accessed 6 November 2018.<br/>Sarinah Masukor, ‘Left Behind?’, <i>frieze</i>, 19 February 2018, <a href=\"https://frieze.com/article/left-behind\">https://frieze.com/article/left-behind</a>, accessed 6 November 2018.</p>\n<p>Nada Raza<br/>April 2013, updated November 2018</p>\n</div>\n",
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Oil paint on canvas board | [
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] | 1,952 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/oskar-fischinger-12568" aria-label="More by Oskar Fischinger" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Oskar Fischinger</a> | Seven Rectangle Spirals | 2,016 | [] | Presented by The Fischinger Trust, Long Beach 2012, accessioned 2016 | T14558 | {
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} | 7012149 1039218 1003127 7003678 7000084 7023900 1002608 7007157 | Oskar Fischinger | 1,952 | [] | false | 1 | 12568 | painting oil paint canvas board | [] | Seven Rectangle Spirals | 1,952 | Tate | 1952 | CLEARED | 6 | support: 609 × 457 mm
frame: 648 × 493 × 40 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by The Fischinger Trust, Long Beach 2012, accessioned 2016 | [] | [] | null | false | false | artwork |
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Pastel pigment and emulsion paint | [
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] | 2,011 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/david-tremlett-2064" aria-label="More by David Tremlett" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">David Tremlett</a> | Drawing Free Thinking | 2,016 | [] | Presented 2014 | T14559 | {
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} | 7008116 7002445 7008591 | David Tremlett | 2,011 | [] | false | 1 | 2064 | installation pastel pigment emulsion paint | [] | Drawing for Free Thinking | 2,011 | Tate | 2011 | CLEARED | 3 | Overall displayed dimensions variable | accessioned work | Tate | Presented 2014 | [] | [] | null | false | false | artwork |
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89 models in polystyrene, cast iron, plaster, wood, stainless steel, nylon, acrylic sheet, wire and cardboard; 9 drawings, pigment on paper; and 3 drawings, pigment and casein on paper | [
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] | 119,803 | [
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{
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] | 1,994 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/sir-antony-gormley-obe-ra-1192" aria-label="More by Sir Antony Gormley OBE RA" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Sir Antony Gormley OBE RA</a> | Model Room | 2,016 | [] | Purchased with funds provided by Anton and Lisa Bilton, Tate Patrons, the Knapping Fund and an anonymous donor 2016 | T14560 | {
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} | 7011781 7008136 7002445 7008591 | Sir Antony Gormley OBE RA | 1,994 | [] | false | 1 | 1192 | sculpture 89 models in polystyrene cast iron plaster wood stainless steel nylon acrylic sheet wire cardboard 9 drawings pigment paper 3 casein | [] | The Model Room | 1,994 | Tate | 1994–2013 | CLEARED | 8 | Displayed dimensions variable | accessioned work | Tate | Purchased with funds provided by Anton and Lisa Bilton, <a href="/search?gid=999999780" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">Tate Patrons</a>, the Knapping Fund and an anonymous donor 2016 | [] | [] | null | false | false | artwork |
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Chalk on paper | [
{
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"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
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"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
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] | 119,804 | [
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{
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] | 1,770 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Landscape with Sun behind Trees and a Horse and Rider | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14561 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
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} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,770 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Landscape with the Sun behind Trees, and a Horse and Rider | 1,770 | Tate | 1770 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 118 × 186 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
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Chalk on paper | [
{
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
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] | 119,805 | [
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"shortTitle": "Works with images"
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{
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] | 1,770 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Trees and a Hedge with a Low Sun | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14562 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
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} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,770 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Trees and a Hedge with a Low Sun | 1,770 | Tate | 1770 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 115 × 165 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
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Chalk on paper | [
{
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"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
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] | 119,806 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
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{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
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{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
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{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
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] | 1,770 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Landscape with a Tree with Sun behind Cloud | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14563 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
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} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,770 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Landscape with a Tree, with the Sun behind Cloud | 1,770 | Tate | 1770 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 120 × 180 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
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"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
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] | 119,807 | [
{
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{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
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{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
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{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
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] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Lowestoft Beach with Moon behind Clouds over Sea | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14564 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
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} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Lowestoft Beach, with the Moon behind Clouds over the Sea | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 118 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
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Chalk on paper | [
{
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"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
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] | 119,808 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
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{
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{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
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{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
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] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Lowestoft Beach with Moon Obscured by Clouds over Sea | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14565 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
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} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Lowestoft Beach, with the Moon Obscured by Clouds over the Sea | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 118 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
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] | 119,809 | [
{
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{
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"shortTitle": "Works with images"
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{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
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{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
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] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Lowestoft Beach with Moon over Sea | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14566 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Lowestoft Beach, with the Moon over the Sea | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 120 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,810 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
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{
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{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
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] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Church on Horizon after Sunset | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14567 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | ?A Church on the Horizon after Sunset | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 195 × 120 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,811 | [
{
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{
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{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
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] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Sky after Sunset | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14568 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Sky after Sunset | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 195 × 120 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
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"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
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"role_display": "artist",
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] | 119,812 | [
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{
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"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Sunlit Clouds above Buildings on Horizon at Lowestoft | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14569 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Sunlit Clouds above Buildings on the Horizon at Lowestoft | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 195 × 118 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,813 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Ruined Castle on a Mound | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14570 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Ruined Castle on a Mound | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 115 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,814 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Hillocks with Trees Beyond | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14571 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Hillocks with Trees Beyond | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 115 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,815 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Roofscape with Sunlit Clouds | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14572 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Roofscape with Sunlit Clouds | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 122 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,816 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Beach with Clouds over Sea around Sunset | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14573 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Beach with Clouds over the Sea around Sunset | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 145 × 223 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,818 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds over Dunes Burnham | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14574 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds over Dunes, Burnham | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 138 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,819 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds over a Meandering River Burnham | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14575 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds over a Meandering River, Burnham | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 142 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,820 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Plain with Sun Surrounded by a Halo Burnham | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14576 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Plain with the Sun Surrounded by a Halo, Burnham | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 138 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,821 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Yellow Sky above a Plain Burnham | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14577 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Yellow Sky above a Plain, Burnham | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 142 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,822 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Plain with a Low Sun Burnham | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14578 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Plain with a Low Sun, ?Burnham | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 142 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,823 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,794 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Plain with a Low Sun Burnham | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14579 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,794 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Plain with a Low Sun, ?Burnham | 1,794 | Tate | 1794 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 142 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,824 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A White Cloud | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14580 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A White Cloud | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 112 × 145 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,825 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | White Clouds above Horizon | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14581 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | White Clouds above the Horizon | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 142 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,826 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,813 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds above a Church Spire and Other Buildings | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14582 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,813 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds above a Church Spire and Other Buildings | 1,813 | Tate | 1813 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 140 × 223 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,827 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,789 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Trees Silhouetted against Dark Clouds | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14583 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,789 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Trees Silhouetted against Dark Clouds | 1,789 | Tate | 1789 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 153 × 277 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,828 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,789 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Trees Silhouetted against PartiallyLit Clouds | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14584 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,789 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Trees Silhouetted against Partially-Lit Clouds | 1,789 | Tate | 1789 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 155 × 277 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,829 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds above a Plain with Distant Trees | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14585 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds above a Plain with Distant Trees | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 153 × 277 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
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"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,830 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds above a Dark Plain | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14586 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds above a Dark Plain | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 150 × 290 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,831 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Dark Clouds Obscuring Sun above a Windmill on a Plain | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14587 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Dark Clouds Obscuring the Sun above a Windmill on a Plain | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 150 × 275 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,832 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds with Bright Edges | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14588 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds with Bright Edges | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 150 × 280 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,833 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Clouds above a Ruined Building | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14589 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Clouds above a Ruined Building | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 116 × 195 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,834 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Two a Tower against a Cloudy Sky | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14590 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Two Studies of a Tower against a Cloudy Sky | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 280 × 145 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,835 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Two Clouds above Rooftops | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14591 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Two Studies of Clouds above Rooftops | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 280 × 148 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,836 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Two Clouds above a Level Horizon and above Rooftops | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14592 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Two Studies of Clouds, above a Level Horizon and above Rooftops | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 172 × 147 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,837 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Moon above Thin Clouds | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14593 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Moon above Thin Clouds | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 146 × 150 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,838 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Moon above a Church Tower | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14594 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Moon above a Church Tower | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 120 × 150 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,839 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Moon behind Silhouetted Waterside Buildings | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14595 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Moon behind Silhouetted Waterside Buildings | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 115 × 140 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,840 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,772 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Moon above a Silhouetted Building | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14596 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,772 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Moon above a Silhouetted Building | 1,772 | Tate | 1772 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 155 × 125 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,841 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | A Starlit Sky with Plough Seen through a Window a Darkened Interior | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14597 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | A Starlit Sky with the Plough, Seen through a Window from a Darkened Interior | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 205 × 274 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,843 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,782 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Gable a Building through an Avenue Trees | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14598 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,782 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Gable of a Building through an Avenue of Trees | 1,782 | Tate | 1782 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 270 × 200 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,844 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 1,820 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Moon in a Misty Halo above a Dark Landscape | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14599 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 1,820 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | The Moon in a Misty Halo above a Dark Landscape | 1,820 | Tate | 1820 | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 223 × 150 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
|||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,845 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
"shortTitle": "Collection"
}
] | 0 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945" aria-label="More by Thomas Kerrich" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Thomas Kerrich</a> | Trees by Water | 2,016 | [] | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | T14600 | {
"id": 5,
"meta": {
"type": "art.Classification"
}
} | prints_and_drawings | 7010781 7008160 7002445 7008591 | Thomas Kerrich | 0 | [] | true | 1 | 7945 | paper unique chalk | [] | Trees by Water | 1,792 | Tate | Prints and Drawings Rooms | CLEARED | 5 | unconfirmed: 145 × 225 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Angus Neill in memory of Sir Edwin Manton, 2006 | [] | [] | null | false | false | Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED | artwork |
||||||||||||||
Chalk on paper | [
{
"append_role_to_name": false,
"date": "1748–1828",
"fc": "Thomas Kerrich",
"prepend_role_to_name": false,
"role_display": "artist",
"url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/thomas-kerrich-7945"
}
] | 119,846 | [
{
"id": 999999779,
"shortTitle": "Tate Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999782,
"shortTitle": "Works with images"
},
{
"id": 999999961,
"shortTitle": "General Collection"
},
{
"id": 999999956,
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In this painting, Belkahia takes up a position in favour of Cuba, his resounding ‘yes’ being a wider cry for freedom and democracy. The painting was made when the artist was resident in Prague, a brief but pivotal experience of living under communist rule.</p>\n<p>\n<i>Cuba Si </i>dates from what the artist described as his early, ‘expressionist’ period, before he developed his signature technique of painting with henna dyes on irregularly-shaped animal skins. Belkahia rarely painted on canvas, preferring instead to work on paper which had been ‘aged’ over a period of time. Over several weeks or months, the paper would be subjected to several applications of paint, harsh manipulations, and cycles of drying and re-painting. 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In Prague Belkahia experienced at first-hand life under a communist government, which opened his eyes to the potentially disastrous effects of ideology. <i>Cuba Si </i>is in part an echo of this experience, but it also reflects his broader consciousness and reaction to totalitarianism and mass extermination in the wake of the Second World War. A visit in 1955 to the concentration camp at Auschwitz in Poland, which shaped his future outlook, equally informed his work.</p>\n<p>Throughout his travels in Europe, Belkahia came into contact with a network of intellectuals – such as the French poets Elsa Triolet and Louis Aragon, and the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda – with whom he enjoyed a fruitful dialogue about the post-war condition. He was also able to exchange views with Henri Alleg, author of a testimonial essay, <i>La Question</i> that denounced the use of torture in French prisons during the Algerian war. Works such as<i> Cuba Si </i>can thus be seen as denouncing not one particular war or theatre of violence, but rather as expressing outrage at the range of human suffering. It was in this politically minded and internationalist context, at a crossroads between post-war existentialist crisis and postcolonial emancipation of the Third World (and on the verge of Belkahia’s return to Morocco to become director of the art school in Casablanca) that <i>Cuba Si </i>was painted.</p>\n<p>The work exemplifies the expressionist style that Belkahia affirmed in this early period of his career. In her analysis of the artist’s development, the historian Raja Benchemsi characterised the subjects of his expressionist/political works as follows:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>Their bodies are deformed as if to embrace the angular lines of anguish and dread. Being already beyond death, it is the impossibility of death that is expressed by these figures, who appear doomed to a wait without either purpose or beginning, as though the concept of death stripped of all becoming disinherited them of their humanity.<br/>(Benchemsi 2013, p.20.)</blockquote>\n<p>Belkahia is considered the precursor of modern and contemporary art in Morocco; a founding father who paved the way for later generations and a key figure for an understanding of trans-Mediterranean modernity, bridging North Africa and Europe. 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],
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{
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Fiberglass resin, plaster, synthetic clay, oil paint, acrylic paint, earth, found and commissioned garments and objects | [
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} | 7000809 7017576 1000193 7001242 | Jane Alexander | 1,999 | [] | <p><span>African Adventure</span> 1999–2002 is an installation comprising thirteen individually titled figures, each of which has a specific placement on a large rectangular area of red Bushmanland earth that measures approximately eight by five metres. The two-legged figures are positioned on boxes, barrels or pedestals supported by steel plates concealed beneath the earth. <span>Pangaman</span>, the central figure in the tableau, is a life-size male figure made from oil-painted Hydrostone, positioned facing away from the entrance to the room. The figure is dressed from the waist down in found overalls and underwear, while his head is covered in a cloth. In his left hand he holds a South African-made machete. Forty-three sickles, eight machetes, eight model tractors and trailers and large agricultural cutting instruments lie on the earth around him, tied to his waist with shoe laces.</p> | false | 1 | 18870 | installation fiberglass resin plaster synthetic clay oil paint acrylic earth found commissioned garments objects | [
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] | African Adventure | 1,999 | Tate | 1999–2002 | CLEARED | 3 | Overall display dimensions variable | accessioned work | Tate | Purchased with funds provided by Tate’s Africa Acquisitions Committee, Tate International Council, Sir Mick and Lady Barbara Davis, Alexa Waley-Cohen, <a href="/search?gid=999999780" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">Tate Patrons</a>, <a href="/search?gid=999999973" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">Tate Members</a> and an anonymous donor 2016 | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>African Adventure</i> 1999–2002 is an installation comprising thirteen individually titled figures, each of which has a specific placement on a large rectangular area of red Bushmanland earth that measures approximately eight by five metres. The two-legged figures are positioned on boxes, barrels or pedestals supported by steel plates concealed beneath the earth. <i>Pangaman</i>, the central figure in the tableau, is a life-size male figure made from oil-painted Hydrostone, positioned facing away from the entrance to the room. The figure is dressed from the waist down in found overalls and underwear, while his head is covered in a cloth. In his left hand he holds a South African-made machete. Forty-three sickles, eight machetes, eight model tractors and trailers and large agricultural cutting instruments lie on the earth around him, tied to his waist with shoe laces.</p>\n<p>The first figure encountered when approaching the installation is <i>Harbinger</i>, an anthropomorphic character with a human body and monkey face, made from oil-painted reinforced Cretestone with found shoes and standing on an orange barrel. To the right of this there is a small seated female figure titled <i>Girl with Gold and Diamonds</i>. This figure, also made from oil-painted Cretestone, wears a Victorian silk christening dress and found underwear and shoes. She sits on a wooden chair and has two gold-plated bronze horns, three diamonds in a gold setting and wears a synthetic clay mask. Behind <i>Girl with Gold and Diamonds</i> there is a group of three small male figures titled <i>Radiance of Faith</i>. These fibreglass figures stand on found TNT explosive boxes and wear custom-made woollen suits, embroidered ties, and found shirts, shoes and underwear. Their faces have been obscured by synthetic clay masks which resemble different animals but cannot be identified as any one species.</p>\n<p>Towards the centre of the tableau there are several more figures. <i>Doll with Industrial Strength Gloves</i>, a stuffed cloth doll on a wire armature with an oil-painted synthetic clay head and handmade Venetian gloves stitched to the body, is seated on a steel doll’s pushchair. Behind this figure <i>Settler</i>, an oil-painted reinforced Cretestone monkey-type figure wearing found shoes, sits in a small steel car. <i>Young Man</i>, made from fibreglass, painted in acrylic and wearing a custom-made suit and hat, found underwear, shoes and dark glasses, looks on. Interspersed with these figures, which each have human features, there are three further sculptures, which are more clearly animal-like: <i>Ibis</i>, an oil-painted synthetic clay bird-like animal with a long beak and dark shins; <i>Beast</i>, an oil-painted Cretestone figure on all fours with a tail and monkey-like face; and <i>Dog</i>, an oil-painted Cretestone sculpture which closely resembles a wild dog with rounded ears, dog collar and found black-backed jackal pelt draped over its back. At the far end of the tableau, an oil-painted synthetic clay figure titled <i>Custodian</i> sits on a wood and steel perch. The positioning of the half animal, half human-like forms in relation to each other and the theatrical staging are important elements in the work and the artist has provided a set of installation instructions which need to be followed in displaying the work.</p>\n<p>The title <i>African Adventure</i> refers to a travel agency in South Africa that goes by the same name. Following South Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994, the country quickly became a fashionable tourist destination and first port of call for those wishing to visit other sub-Saharan African countries. In Alexander’s work, the title is a comment on colonialism, identity, democracy and the residues of apartheid. The silent, tensely arranged forms speak of human failure, our inability to relate to each other, and a segregated and fragile society. The hybrid characters, neither human nor animal, are simultaneously emblems of monstrosity and oddly beautiful. They do not convey a particular moral or political position (often expected of work made in South Africa in the immediate post-apartheid era) but go back and forth between humanity and bestiality, realism and metaphor, naturalism and the uncanny.</p>\n<p>Alongside the earlier <i>Butcher Bo</i>ys 1985−6 (South African National Gallery, Cape Town), <i>African Adventure</i> is considered one of Alexander’s most important works. Described as her most extensive project by historians Marten Ziese, Simon Njami and others, <i>African Adventure</i> is more physically and thematically expansive than <i>Butcher Boys</i>, which was a direct response to the abuses of power, torture and detention emblematic of the apartheid era. <i>African Adventure</i> brings together a number of themes the artist has explored previously and utilises many of the same techniques as earlier works. However, it is more enigmatic and, although rooted in the post-apartheid South African experience, is not defined solely by it. In an interview with Lisa Dent in 2012, Alexander said: ‘Much of what I consider while producing my work is globally pervasive, such as segregation, economic polarities, trade, migration, discrimination, conflict, faith etc’ (quoted in Dent 2012, accessed August 2013).</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>Jane Alexander</i>, exhibition catalogue, South African National Gallery, Cape Town 2002, reproduced pp.74–85.<br/>Pep Subirós (ed.), <i>Jane Alexander: Surveys (From the Cape of Good Hope)</i>, exhibition catalogue, Museum for African Art, New York 2011.<br/>Lisa Dent, ‘Global Context: Q&A with Jane Alexander’, <i>Art in America</i>, 6 August 2012, <a href=\"http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/interviews/jane-alexander-cam-houston/\">http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/interviews/jane-alexander-cam-houston/</a>, accessed August 2013.</p>\n<p>Kerryn Greenberg<br/>December 2013<br/>Revised Zoe Whitley<br/>May 2014</p>\n</div>\n",
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Tree </i>2010 is a monumental sculpture assembled from the dry, dead branches, roots and trunks of numerous species of tree, such as camphor, cedar and ginkgo, that Ai Weiwei gathered from across the mountainous southern region of his native China. The sculpture mimics the form of a real tree, although the cuts and joins are left visible, highlighting the different types of bark.<i> </i>Although it is a unique work, there are fifteen similar sculptures with the same title dating from 2009 onwards, all of which are smaller in size and which can each be exhibited either inside or outdoors. This<i> Tree</i> owned by Tate was on display at the Helsinki Art Museum as part of Ai’s solo exhibition held from September 2015 to February 2016. <i>Tree</i> also served as a mould for a related iron sculpture entitled <i>Iron Tree </i>2013 (Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield).</p>\n<p>\n<i>Tree</i> celebrates an indigenous Chinese custom, typical of the markets in and around the town of Jingdezhen in the northeastern Jiangxi province, in which vendors sell distinctive tree trunks, branches and curiously shaped roots as objects to be appreciated and displayed in the home. Ai visited Jingdezhen while working on his installation <i>Kui Hua Zi </i>(<i>Sunflower Seeds</i>) (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/ai-sunflower-seeds-t13408\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T13408</span></a>) for the 2010 Unilever Commission at Tate Modern, London. <i>Tree</i> also evokes traditional Chinese Zen gardens, sites for contemplation and retreat associated with Buddhism and Taoism in particular. These gardens represent the world through cycles of birth, maturity, decay, death and rebirth. They depend on an appreciation of the aesthetic and contemplative value of trees, rocks and other natural elements. In this context <i>Tree</i> can be read as a reference to Taoist ideal of harmony – unifying the work of man with nature as well as linking the earth and the sky.</p>\n<p>\n<i>Tree</i> also draws attention to the conceptual relationship between material and form in sculpture. Although different trees have been reduced to their essential material and then reassembled by the artist and his assistants in a form that resembles a tree, the intention is not illustionistic. The viewer is not led to believe this is a natural living tree; rather the visible joins and changes in the work’s surface reveal its artificiality and the method of its contruction. This approach can be compared with the artist’s earlier <i>Table and Pillar</i> 2002 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/ai-table-and-pillar-t12809\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T12809</span></a>). In this work Ai reconfigured individual elements of a table and pillar from the Qing dynasty into a new form, denying its original function and effectively destroying a piece of antique furniture. In their new and afunctional form, both sculptures exemplify the artist’s interest in the physical and aesthetic qualities of material and its transformative nature. He has emphasised the importance of ‘readymade’ materials for his art: ‘My work is always readymade. It could be cultural, political, or social, and also it could be art – to make people re-look at what we have done, its original position, to create new possibilities. I always want people to be confused, to be shocked or realize something later’ (quoted in Delson 2011, p.63).</p>\n<p>Ai’s work often points to complex social and geopolitical issues affecting contemporary China. The dry wood of which <i>Tree</i> is composed draws attention to the country’s rapid urbanisation and economic growth, which have resulted in damage to the natural environment and the suppression of traditional culture. In addition, the act of bringing together numerous individual branches to create a whole can be read as symbolic of the relationship between the individual and society, a broader issue but one which has particular resonance in a Chinese context.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Susan Delson, <i>Ai Weiwei: Circle of Animals</i>, Munich, London and New York 2011.<br/>Ai Weiwei and Anthony Pins, <i>Ai Weiwei: Spatial Matters: Art, Architecture and Activism</i>, London 2014.<br/>\n<i>Ai Weiwei @ Helsinki</i>, exhibition catalogue, HAM Helsinki Museum of Art, Helsinki 2015.</p>\n<p>Lena Fritsch<br/>August 2015</p>\n</div>\n",
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Photograph, c-print on paper, mounted on aluminium | [
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Oil and enamel on canvas | [
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} | 7005432 1003440 7003124 1000080 | Rudolf Stingel | 2,007 | [] | <p><i>Untitled</i> is a three-part painted work featuring as its centre panel a reproduction of <i>Study for Self-Portrait</i> 1985 (private collection), a well-known painting by the British artist Francis Bacon (1909–92). While Bacon’s self-portrait is a triptych of three similar but slightly varied figural canvases, Rudolf Stingel has eliminated the figures from the peripheral panels, leaving only simplified, curvilinear forms to ignite questions of authorship and authenticity in the viewer. Through the absence of these side figures, the artist focuses the viewer’s attention on the central panel. Unlike Bacon, who favoured heavy gold frames for his paintings, Stingel has left <i>Untitled </i>unframed, exposing the unevenly spaced wire staples used to attach each canvas to its stretcher. The scale of the original painting has been doubled, immersing spectators in a fashion similar to that used in his monumental orange carpet installation, <i>Untitled </i>1993 (L02948). Stingel employed a muted grey-scale palette to give <i>Untitled</i> the appearance of an image reproduced in a library book (‘Rudolf Stingel’, exhibition summary, http://www.sadiecoles.com/rudolf_stingel/exhib2.html, accessed 2 July 2010). He has commented that, prior to the last decade, Bacon was not an artist with whom he was familiar. It was only once Stingel began to make his own self-portraits, that Bacon’s oeuvre began to seem so relevant. Of his discovery, Stingel has said:</p> | false | 1 | 11279 | painting oil enamel canvas | [] | Untitled | 2,007 | Tate | 2007 | CLEARED | 6 | support: each 3359 × 2609 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Partially presented by Sadie Coles HQ, London, partially purchased using funds provided by an anonymous donor and partially presented by the <a href="/search?gid=999999976" data-gtm-name="tombstone_link_bequest" data-gtm-destination="list-page--search-results">American Fund for the Tate Gallery</a>, courtesy of a group of donors including Gayle and Paul Stoffel and Randy W. Slifka 2009, accessioned 2015
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Stingel employed a muted grey-scale palette to give <i>Untitled</i> the appearance of an image reproduced in a library book (‘Rudolf Stingel’, exhibition summary, http://www.sadiecoles.com/rudolf_stingel/exhib2.html, accessed 2 July 2010). He has commented that, prior to the last decade, Bacon was not an artist with whom he was familiar. It was only once Stingel began to make his own self-portraits, that Bacon’s oeuvre began to seem so relevant. Of his discovery, Stingel has said:\n<br/></p>\n<blockquote>It was as if I had found myself in a place similar to where [Bacon] was. His work became something that I had to deal with somehow; to navigate around or take on. So I decided to take him head-on; to do Bacon as I would do Bacon, to remake him as I would make him, only to amplify and isolate further the same thing in my own language.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>(Stingel, p.71.)</blockquote>\n<p>\n<br/>With <i>Untitled</i>, Stingel moves away from questioning the constitution of a painting – a topic he grappled with throughout the 1990s with Styrofoam and carpet installations – and shifts his emphasis towards what the writer Sara Harrison has called ‘a more personal inquest into the role of the painter’ (Harrison, [p.2]). This transition began a year earlier with the execution of <i>Louvre (After Sam)</i> (Sadies Coles HQ), five paintings<i> </i>based on a single photograph taken of the artist by his friend, the photographer Sam Samore, and executed in a similarly restricted palette. The series represents a case study for the artist in which he uses repetition as a method to dissolve the self, effecting a division between the self as subject and the self as object. Offering an explanation for his interest in the self-portrait, Stingel has said that, ‘after spending half [his] life as an artist doing research and trying to throw answers into the global questioning of art, or at least trying to participate in this discussion, [he] wanted to do something ... more psychological ... The only activity in these paintings is self-doubt.’ (Quoted in Cay Sophie Rabinowitz, ‘Portrait of the Artist as a Self Portrait’, <i>Parkett</i>, issue 77, 2006, p.107.) In <i>Untitled</i>, we see an analogous process occur except that, instead of a photograph of himself, Stingel has used a painted self-portrait by someone else as his source. By copying Bacon’s self-portrait, Stingel draws attention to the genre’s rhetoric and suggests its less obvious psychological content: the potential for self-doubt in any artist’s self-portrait. \n<br/>\n<br/>Stingel first garnered attention in the 1980s for his monochromatic paintings, some of which bear superficial resemblance to the well-known squeegeed abstractions of Gerhard Richter (born 1932). His art at the time was predicated on the understanding of painting as not the possibility of creating a ‘painting’, but of creating endless possibilities of paintings (Bonami, p.17). This spurred the artist to develop an ironic approach to painting as laid out in his <i>Instructions</i> 1989 (Saatchi Gallery), a silkscreen print detailing the steps towards creating an abstract painting by Rudolf Stingel. This didactic work, parodying the spirit of Albrecht Dürer’s famous <i>Painter’s Manual</i> 1525 (Nuremberg), was a reaction to the intermediate position painting had come to occupy between 1960s’ and 1970s’ conceptual art and minimalism, and a reaction against those movements in the 1980s. Furthermore, <i>Instructions</i> satirised the do-it-yourself mentality popular at the time at the same time as disputing the authorship of a painted work that has been made by someone other than the artist. As a variation upon this theme, Stingel presents large untitled aluminium panels that are commercially produced and remain pristine until gallery goers scribble over their surfaces. Though untouched by the hand of the artist, the aluminum works bear the authorship of Rudolf Stingel and are added to the roster of his works exhibited in future shows as they are.<i> Untitled </i>frames the question of artistic authorship in another way, posing the question: can the author of a ‘self-’portrait be someone other than the person portrayed? \n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/><b>Further reading</b>:\n<br/>Sara Harrison (ed.), <i>Rudolf</i> <i>Stingel:</i> <i>Louvre (After Sam)</i>, exhibition catalogue, Sadie Coles HQ, London 2006.\n<br/>Franceso Bonami (ed.), <i>Rudolf Stingel: Paintings 1987–2007</i>, exhibition catalogue, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago 2007, reproduced pp.86–7.\n<br/>Linda Nochlin, Rudolf Stingel and others, ‘Francis Bacon (1909–1992)’, <i>TATE ETC., </i>issue 14, Autumn 2008, pp.60–73, reproduced p.71.\n<br/>\n<br/>Rachel Anne Farquharson\n<br/>July 2007\n<br/></p>\n",
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] | <p><span>14. Feb. 45</span> 2002 consists of a medium-sized black and white appropriated and retouched photograph, printed large and shown behind highly reflective mirror-glass. The frame of the work is painted grey which, in Richter’s own words, contributes to presenting the image as ‘a work like a painting, not painted’ (Richter in email correspondence with Tate curator Mark Godfrey, 24 March 2015). The original photograph, which was most likely taken on 14 February 1945, was shot from an American warplane and shows an aerial view of the aftermath of the bombing on 13–14 February 1945 of Cologne, the Germany city where Richter has been based since the 1980s. In the image there is an almost abstract depiction of bomb craters left around the southern edge of the city as well as the ruin of a bridge after the bombings. Richter made five works based on this image, all dating from 2002. For the first, numbered 881 in Richter’s catalogue raisonné, he greatly enlarged the photograph to 2770 by 2100 mm and mounted it behind a sheet of glass. This glass is unframed and is permanently installed in a church in Cologne where it is displayed leaning against a wall according to the artist’s wishes. Richter subsequently made four smaller works, numbering them 881–1 to 881–4 and giving them grey painted frames. This work owned by Tate is one of these, and is numbered 881–3.</p> | false | 1 | 1841 | paper print photograph off-set mounted aluminium behind glass | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>14. Feb. 45</i> 2002 consists of a medium-sized black and white appropriated and retouched photograph, printed large and shown behind highly reflective mirror-glass. The frame of the work is painted grey which, in Richter’s own words, contributes to presenting the image as ‘a work like a painting, not painted’ (Richter in email correspondence with Tate curator Mark Godfrey, 24 March 2015). The original photograph, which was most likely taken on 14 February 1945, was shot from an American warplane and shows an aerial view of the aftermath of the bombing on 13–14 February 1945 of Cologne, the Germany city where Richter has been based since the 1980s. In the image there is an almost abstract depiction of bomb craters left around the southern edge of the city as well as the ruin of a bridge after the bombings. Richter made five works based on this image, all dating from 2002. For the first, numbered 881 in Richter’s catalogue raisonné, he greatly enlarged the photograph to 2770 by 2100 mm and mounted it behind a sheet of glass. This glass is unframed and is permanently installed in a church in Cologne where it is displayed leaning against a wall according to the artist’s wishes. Richter subsequently made four smaller works, numbering them 881–1 to 881–4 and giving them grey painted frames. This work owned by Tate is one of these, and is numbered 881–3.</p>\n<p>The origins of this work can be traced back to the early 1960s. Richter’s formative years had been spent at the Dresden Fine Arts Academy, where he had enrolled in the mural painting department. The artist then fled to West Berlin in 1961, shortly before the construction of the Berlin Wall. He settled in Düsseldorf, home to one of the most vibrant art scenes in Germany. This move coincided with a change of direction in his work, as he began to introduce photography into his practice. Referring to this new medium, he has explained:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>It is perfect; it does not change; it is absolute, and therefore autonomous and unconditional. It has no style. The photograph is the only picture that can truly convey information, even if it is technically faulty and the object can barely be identified … I was surprised by photography, which we all use so massively every day. Suddenly, I saw it in a new way, as a picture that offered me a new view, free of all the conventional criteria I had always associated with art. It had no style, no composition, no judgement. It freed me from personal experience. For the first time, there was nothing to it: it was pure picture.<br/>(Quoted in Elger 2009, pp.49–50.)</blockquote>\n<p>Although Richter has used photographs since the early 1960s as the basis for his paintings – and also in <i>Atlas</i> 1962–ongoing,<i> </i>his encyclopaedic inventory of images – <i>14. Feb. 45</i> is distinct from the other work Richter was making in the early 2000s, in particular his glass constructions of 2002–4 (such as <i>11 Panes</i> (886–5) 2004, Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/richter-11-panes-ar00026\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>AR00026</span></a>) and the <i>Silicate</i> series of 2002 (such as <i>Abstract Painting (Silicate) </i>(880–4) 2002, Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/richter-abstract-painting-silicate-880-4-ar00029\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>AR00029</span></a>). In these, rather than using a photograph as the source material from which to make a painting, Richter appropriated an archival photograph and chose not to translate it into another medium.</p>\n<p>\n<i>14. Feb. 45</i> nonetheless connects to a theme that has reappeared in Richter’s work since the 1960s and one that affected him as a child in Dresden: the bombing of German cities during the Second World War. Born in Dresden in 1932, Richter left the city during the war but returned to it in 1951, at which point it was still in ruins after being heavily bombed in February 1945. The memory of the bombings would be generally repressed in post-war German culture, however Richter first confronted this subject in a series of aeroplane paintings from 1963–4. <i>Bombers </i>1963 (Städtische Galerie Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg) shows bombs being dropped from Allied aircraft. Another fleet of bombers is depicted in <i>Mustang Squadron</i> 1964 (private collection), which Richter later used as the basis for his photographic edition of the same title dating from 2005 (see <i>Mustang Squadron </i>2005, Tate L02921).</p>\n<p>Richter’s series of ‘Townscapes’ paintings also engage the subject of aerial bombardment. Although based on photographs of cities following their reconstruction after the war, these were painted in a near-abstract manner. As a result, as Richter remarked later, ‘when I look back to the Townscapes now, they do seem to me to recall certain images of the destruction of Dresden during the war’ (quoted in Tate Modern 2011, p.76). The art historian Benjamin H.D. Buchloh has described <i>Townscape Paris</i> 1968 (Froehlich Collection, Stuttgart)<i> </i>as ‘an allegorical reiteration of a destruction already fully accomplished by history’ (Tate Modern 2011, p.76). The memory of the bombings of German cities would have been prominent in Richter’s mind in 2002, the year he took on a major commission to create a window for the south transept of Cologne cathedral, a part of the building that was damaged during the bombing. Richter’s commission – a grid of coloured glass squares – does not overtly tackle the subject of the bombings, but the less well known donation of <i>14. Feb. 45</i> (881) 2002<i> </i>to the cathedral can be seen as a counterpart to the commissioned project.</p>\n<p>On 11 September 2001 Richter was en route to New York City when two aeroplanes struck the World Trade Center and his flight was re-routed to Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is likely that Richter connected the memory of the bombings of German cities in the Second World War to the events of that day in the United States. Made just months after the attack on the World Trade Center, <i>14. 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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Thirteen Possible Futures: Cartoon for a Painting </i>is a silent, single-screen digital video animation that was produced in 2012. Running for a duration of five minutes and nine seconds, the work is composed of thousands of hand-drawn computer frames produced using an iPad drawing application that are connected together in sequence. They depict a range of narrative scenes – a man digging a hole in the ground, a rabbit talking on an analyst’s couch and a searchlight shining in the dark – as well as a series of transformations, as limbs cross, hands manipulate unidentifiable objects and coloured shapes morph continuously into each other. The animation is displayed on a wall-mounted iPad – what the artist terms its ‘native environment’ – with its screen orientation fixed and functions disabled to visitors. While it is the artist’s preference that the work be displayed on an iPad – as this is the technology on which the drawings were created and the scale at which they were intended to be viewed – the animation is not medium specific and an alternative screen of a similar scale could also be used should this technology ever become obsolete. The work is produced in an unlimited edition and is not available for purchase. It can only be presented by the artist to recipients of her choosing.</p>\n<p>Originally created to be shown alongside <i>Duel </i>2011 (collection of Thomas Dane, London), a greenish-yellow painting that depicts a pair of hands atop a black slit that divides the canvas into two, <i>Thirteen Possible Futures: Cartoon for a Painting</i> explores – as its title suggests – the many possible directions in which the painting might be taken if Sillman were to continue working on it. It demonstrates the influence of comic books, cartoons and the Chicago-based art group the Hairy Who on the artist’s vocabulary – as much as the contemporary legacies of abstract expressionism – and shows how her work relates to new technologies, as paint and brushstrokes are transferred from the physical to the digital realm. The result of a labour-intensive process belied by the cartoon-like appearance of the imagery, the animation is characterised by a compositional elasticity that implies a fluid development of ideas during the fabrication process. It can also be seen as a reference to <i>Slides of a Changing Painting </i>1982–3 by American artist Robert Gober (born 1954), which documents through a series of photographs the changes made by the artist to a small painting over the course of a year. Speaking about <i>Thirteen Possible Futures </i>as an exploration and record of different artistic possibilities in this way, Sillman has said:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>The animation takes up where the painting leaves off, the layer of the painting that you see is the beginning of the animation and therefore the animation is a new future. It is of importance to me that people understand the animation as a set of proposals for the future of the painting, as well as a way to reveal its past.<br/>(Quoted in Thomas Dane Gallery 2013, paragraph 7.)</blockquote>\n<p>In her paintings, such as <i>CLUBFOOT </i>2011 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/sillman-clubfoot-t13821\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T13821</span></a>), Sillman engages with issues surrounding new technologies and how the medium of painting relates to these. Alongside her painting practice she has created a vast number of drawings using an iPad, which she has linked together as animations. One of these was Draft of a Voice<i>-</i>Over for Split<i>-</i>Screen Video Loop<i> </i>2012, which was displayed near <i>CLUBFOOT </i>in Sillman’s retrospective exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, in 2013.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>Amy Sillman: either or and</i>, exhibition press release, Thomas Dane Gallery, London 2013, <a href=\"http://www.thomasdanegallery.com/artists/69-Amy-Sillman/exhibitions/\">http://www.thomasdanegallery.com/artists/69-Amy-Sillman/exhibitions/</a>, accessed 16 December 2014.<br/>\n<i>Amy Sillman: one lump or two</i>, exhibition catalogue, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston 2014.<br/>Mark Godfrey, ‘Statements of Intent’, <i>Artforum</i>, vol.52, no.9, May 2014, pp.294–303, 344, reproduced pp.296, 303.</p>\n<p>Hannah Johnston<br/>December 2014</p>\n</div>\n",
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] | <p>In New York City in the early 1970s, Gordon Matta-Clark photographed half-demolished public housing buildings in the Bronx, showing the exposed wallpaper and peeling painted walls. The photographs were manipulated and colour-toned, then printed on newspaper sheets and hung to cover the wall of 112 Greene Street, the independent space he ran in SoHo. While raising questions about inequality in New York City and the relationship between two kinds of interiors and areas of the city, the near-abstraction of <span>Walls Paper</span> is very far from traditional documentary photography.</p><p><em>Gallery label, July 2015</em></p> | false | 1 | 7732 | installation 72 offset lithographs newsprint paper | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Wallspaper</i> is a multi-part installation comprising photographs and newsprint, which Gordon Matta-Clark presented at the artist-run space 112 Greene Street in New York in 1972. Earlier that year, he took various black and white photographs of derelict and semi-demolished project houses in the Bronx and the Lower East Side of New York City. As only the facades of the buildings had been taken down, the photographs reveal the interior walls of the houses. Some of these walls were covered in paint that was flaking away; other walls were covered in wallpaper. Matta-Clark used the photographs to create his installation. First he heightened the colours of the photographs to abstract the images of the derelict houses. Next he printed the photographs on long strips of newspaper and hung these strips on a large wall from ceiling to floor. The wall consequently looked as if it were ‘wallpapered’ with images derived from walls in another part of New York City. The installation also included a stack of newspaper booklets which viewers were able to take away. These booklets were made of individual sheets of newspaper, each presenting one photograph of the Bronx walls. A number of the original black and white photographs from which the installation derived also survive (see <i>Walls </i>1972, Tate L03014–L03016). In 1973 Matta-Clark published an artist’s book entitled <i>Wallspaper</i> (Tate L03017) in which he reproduced the coloured prints that he had made from the original black and white photographs.</p>\n<p>Matta-Clark only presented <i>Wallspaper </i>once during his lifetime, and the long strips of newspaper hanging from the wall were destroyed some time after the Greene Street show. The work now consists of seventy-two individual sheets that had originally been in the bundles of newspapers placed in front of the wall.</p>\n<p>There are several different ways to display the work. One is to pin all of the seventy-two original sheets from 1972 to the wall in a grid. A second way is to make copies of the seventy-two sheets and pin these copies to the wall in a grid. A third way is to make copies of the sheets, print them on long strips of newspaper and then hang them from ceiling to floor to replicate the 1972 installation. All of these presentations may or may not be accompanied by a stack of newspapers, derived from the seventy-two sheets, for viewers to take away. However, it is not necessary to include this stack in order to present the piece.</p>\n<p>\n<i>Wallspaper </i>was one of the first works in which Matta-Clark’s interests in photography come together with his explorations of the built environment. For art historian Thomas Crow, the crucial significance of the work is the way in which the photographs distort the images of derelict housing, and therefore conjure a space of reverie. Crow implies that the piece produces a new means of representing dilapidated architecture, quite distinct from traditions of socially-concerned documentary photography in New York City:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>He hung strips of paper printed with close-up photographs of peeling and crumbling walls from derelict buildings in the Bronx and Lower East Side. With the delicacy of watercolour or Japanese prints, he subjected cropped and enlarged segments of his photographs to a newly free manipulation of colour and tone. [The work] registered a gritty streetscape while simultaneously conjuring some other, imagined space closer to reverie and dream. While another bundle of prints lay on the floor as an object analogue, the cascade descending from the ceiling points to [Matta-Clark’s] growing readiness the manipulate the photographic document in the direction of suggestion and secondary illusion.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>(Crow 2003)</blockquote>\n<p>Art historian Pamela Lee has a different approach to the work. For her, what is most interesting is the way in which Matta-Clark transposed images of one set of buildings onto the walls of another building. Encountering the piece involved not only thinking about the buildings pictured on the newspaper strips, but the building in Greene Street where the work was presented, and the relationship between the gallery and the derelict house. Lee has written:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>Picturing the exposed walls of lower income housing, the photographs present the buildings’ ruinous state as a gridded, blank-faced visage. [At Greene Street] Matta-Clark registered an acute correspondence between walls and wallpaper, not unlike the floorpieces exhibited before. Its effect was to throw the still functioning site of the gallery into a certain relief, locating the outmodedness of a building elsewhere by reproducing the structures of its walls on another building’s surface. As such, the relationship between the respective sites was not conditioned simply by the place of art and architecture, but by the uneven temporalities of both. The timeliness of each building – one now ‘alive’, the other now ‘dead’ – spoke to the virtual ‘speed’ of the built environment, the endlessly fluctuating historicity of its architecture.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>(Lee 2000)</blockquote>\n<p>Much of Matta-Clark’s work addresses public space and the built environment, often drawing attention to the ways in which architects failed to address the housing crisis in New York in the 1970s. Having trained as an architect himself, he created an artistic practice that targeted this discipline. His best known works are the ‘cuts’ into buildings which he made in New York, New Jersey and in Europe. These actions led to related films, photocollages, drawings, and sculptures.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Pamela Lee, <i>Object To Be Destroyed</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2000.<br/>Thomas Crow, Corinne Diserens, Christian Kravagna and others, <i>Gordon Matta-Clark</i>, London 2003.<br/>Elisabeth Sussman (ed.), <i>Gordon Matta-Clark: You Are the Measure</i>, exhibition catalogue, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York 2007.</p>\n<p>Mark Godfrey<br/>October 2010</p>\n</div>\n",
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>The J. Street Project</i> 2002–5 is a sixty-seven minute film that consists of a sequence of static camera shots of street signs in Germany that incorporate the word ‘Jude’ (German for ‘Jew’). Hiller found a total of 303 signs in streets, lanes, roads, avenues and alleys scattered throughout the country. The work focuses on the dissonance between these mundane, everyday signs and the memories they trigger of a genocidal history. The soundtrack records traffic noise, church bells and other incidental sounds. For this factual, indexical project Hiller maintained a neutral seriality in her approach. Cumulatively, however, it becomes clear that the signs are loaded with the memory of Jewish presence in the locations, not just from modern times but from thousands of years of history. The tension between past and present in the film highlights the sense of absence and traumatic loss. The place names operate as memorials of erasure. Curator Renée Baert has written:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>The spectrum of dissonances in this work produces a constant oscillation – in the gaps and contradictions between the banal signs and terrible history they evoke; between their simple references and the complex associations they engender; between charming alleyways, leafy avenues, shady glens and the absence of Jewish communities amongst these <i>Juden</i>-pathways. Through discovering these street names distributed throughout the German landscape, Hiller has constituted at once a powerful commemoration and an unyielding interrogation.<br/>(Saidye Brofman Centre for the Arts 2006, unpaginated.)</blockquote>\n<p>The project began in Berlin in 2002 with the artist’s startled encounter with one of the signs, which precipitated three years of travel and research throughout Germany. Another version of the project comprises, in addition to the film, 303 photographs presented in a monumental grid, a large-scale map of Germany on which each of these sites are pinpointed, and a book which presents and identifies each of the signs.</p>\n<p>Hiller has written of the work:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>These street names are ghosts of the past, haunting the present. The street signs in my images explicitly name what’s missing from all of the places. I hope the work will provide an opportunity or meditation not only on this incurable, traumatic absence, but also on the causes of more recent attempts to destroy minority cultures and erase their presence.<br/>(Quoted in Saidye Brofman Centre for the Arts 2006, unpaginated.)</blockquote>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>The J. Street Project</i>, exhibition leaflet, Liane and Danny Taran Gallery, Saidye Brofman Centre for the Arts, Montreal 2006, unpaginated.<br/>\n<i>Susan Hiller</i>, exhibition catalogue, Tate Britain, London 2011, reproduced pp.132–3.</p>\n<p>Helen Delaney<br/>May 2011</p>\n</div>\n",
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Photographic emulsion on canvas | [
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} | 7011781 7008136 7002445 7008591 | Mark Leckey | 2,015 | [] | <p>Leckey’s interest in the radical effect of technology on popular culture is evident in the video Dream English Kid, 1964–1999 AD. Memories of the artist’s life are retold through material he found online collaged with footage shot by Leckey. Structured chronologically, moments include the 1964 launch of a satellite balloon into space and the impact of contemporary events via newspaper headlines, radio and television. The work was prompted by Leckey’s discovery of a YouTube video of a Joy Division gig he had attended in 1979. This led him to speculate whether he could compile a collage of his memories. Acting as a form of self-portrait of his early life, the video explores ideas about personal history and collective memory and how the past has been enhanced and amplified in the digital era.</p><p><em>Gallery label, October 2019</em></p> | false | 1 | 6877 | time-based media video projection colour sound surround | [
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] | <p><span>Moulid el-Nabi</span> presents Denis Williams’s observation of a Muslim community’s devotional acts. Moulid (or Mawlid) is the observance of the birthday of the prophet Muhammad. Williams combines different cultural references. The large wooden carving of a figure lying on the ground stands for the ancient past. The dazzling, abstract patterns are inspired by Islamic art and architecture. Williams moved to Sudan from the UK in 1957. He taught at the School of Fine Art in Khartoum, where he developed an interest in archaeology.</p><p><em>Gallery label, September 2023</em></p> | false | 1 | 24668 | paper unique watercolour ink graphite | [] | Moulid el-Nabi | 1,959 | Tate | 1959 | CLEARED | 5 | support: 762 × 555 mm
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>This work on paper dating from 1959, realised in watercolour, ink, pencil and papier collé, represents a complex scene that combines abstraction and figuration. In the centre, a large Islamic archway, or ogee, frames a group of congregated men, draped and turbaned, bowing down before a number of performers, including a drummer and a figure seen in profile with raised hand. The form of the arch echoes that of an imposing building in the background, possibly a mosque with two minarets. The arch and the areas surrounding it at the top and sides of the composition are richly decorated with abstract motifs, predominantly painted in bright primary colours. The patterns, reminiscent of calligraphic ornamentation, include triangular and circular forms as well as patterns relating to celestial objects: stars, planets and crescent moons. On the right of the archway, excluded from the scene taking place in the background, is a group of three veiled women. Only the women’s heads are visible, as their bodies are obstructed by a large reclining torso and head of a male figure lying face-down in the foreground. This monolithic figure or sculpture appears buried beneath the cool blue of the earth’s surface. According to the artist’s daughter and biographer, Evelyn Williams, this painting provides the viewer with a unique and concrete reference to the artist’s recent engagement with archaeology in Sudan where he moved in 1957 (Williams 2012, p.74).</p>\n<p>The title <i>Moulid el-Nabi</i> is conventionally translated as ‘The Birthday of the Prophet’, and is a reflection on Williams’s experience of living in an African and Muslim community. Moulid (or Mawlid) is the observance of the birthday of the prophet Muhammad which is celebrated on the twelfth day of the Islamic month of Rabi’al-awwal by Sunni Muslims and on the seventeenth day of this month by Shi’a Muslims. The work depicts a ceremonial dance performed by men at the ‘Zikir of the crescent moon’. Zikir (or Dhikr) refers to devotional acts in Islam in which short phrases or prayers are repeatedly recited. In his painting Williams presents a combination of narrative recording of cultural practices and ornamental abstract patterns.</p>\n<p>The disparate elements of <i>Moulid el-Nabi</i> create a dizzying effect, recalling the dreamlike and unsettling watercolours of Edward Burra (1905–1976). The picture employs a non-illusionistic representation of space while abstract elements, in vivid colours, frame and confer a dreamlike quality to the scene. While the composition is crowded with figures and pattern, Williams’s work is characterised by a sensitive and delicate touch. The middle area is cut and pasted; Williams’s daughter Evelyn has commented that her father had used this collage technique in earlier works on paper (Williams 2012, p.69). While the curvilinear, organic forms are very different from the hard-edged abstraction that characterised the work he produced in the mid-1950s with members of the British constructivists, the repeated geometric patterning on the right is reminiscent of the mathematical investigations Williams incorporated into his abstract painting from 1954–5.</p>\n<p>Born in British Guiana, Williams moved to Britain in 1946 to study painting. He encountered challenges as an Afro-Caribbean artist trying to integrate into the mainstream of British modernism and, disillusioned about his life in London, he left in 1957 to move to Africa, initially to the newly independent Sudan.<b> </b><i>Moulid el-Nabi</i><b> </b>emerges out of an experience that was familiar to a number of Caribbean intellectuals at that time who left British colonies in the Caribbean, travelled to Britain to study and work, and subsequently spent time in Africa often as university faculty staff. There they witnessed the transformations of newly independent countries on that continent before returning to the Caribbean where they contributed to a similar process of decolonisation there.</p>\n<p>\n<i>Moulid el-Nabi </i>was painted at the time of the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–72), between Southerners (primarily Christians and animists) and Northerners (primarily Muslims and culturally Arabic). The work<i> </i>could be interpreted as Williams’s reflection on the way in which traditional artefacts were being neglected by Sudanese Muslims in favour of Islamic rituals and art, rich in geometric and colourful patterns. His travels and encounters with different cultures had a profound impact on him and became the subject of his writing, in his diaries from 1959 onwards and, later, in his first novel, <i>The Other Leopards </i>(1963), which addresses issues of race and explores the overlapping of African and European elements in the Caribbean psyche.</p>\n<p>Williams wrote about the profound impact of his travels in his <i>Africa Journal </i>(1959–67): ‘I acknowledge it as one of the revolutions of my awareness to have lived in such homogeneous societies of the Old World where the idioms of culture are reflected in every detail of language, of thought, of custom and in the very architecture of the individual mind’ (quoted in Williams 2012, p.74). Writing from Khartoum to his friend A.J. Seymour, the editor of the journal <i>Kyk-over-al</i> in Georgetown, Williams described how the environment of Sudan impacted his practice as an artist: ‘My painting is once more coming easy. Good and strong! Things are coming up in me here that I thought I’d lost forever, they’re good. Yet this is not my environment. I enjoy an anonymity by which I can get more out of myself than I’ve ever known before.’ (Ibid., p.67.) Nevertheless, while he was in Sudan, Williams devoted more time to writing and research into African art than to his own painting and this would remain the case for the remainder of his life.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Charlotte Williams and Evelyn A. Williams (eds.), <i>Denis Williams: A Life in Works</i>, Amsterdam 2010, pp.13–15, reproduced p.33.<br/>Evelyn Williams, <i>The Art of Denis Williams</i>, Leeds 2012, pp.74–6, reproduced p.75.</p>\n<p>Elena Crippa and Allison Thompson<br/>April 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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] | <p><span>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</span> 2015 is a work that combines painting and sculpture in the form of a dressing table with a seat and circular mirror. The frame of the dressing table and seat is made out of bent copper tubing and its flat surfaces from MDF board. Over these canvas has been stretched which the artist has painted in her signature illusionistic <span>trompe l’oeil</span> style to create a tabletop composition in which she has drawn an arrangement of make-up products and creams. Her own image is reflected on the lid of a blush powder box. ‘Quodlibet’ is the Latin word for <span>trompe l’oeil</span>, hence the work’s title. This is one of a series of works with this title and Roman numerals.</p> | false | 1 | 8631 | sculpture oil paint canvas mdf copper velcro mirror | [] | Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse) | 2,015 | Tate | 2015 | CLEARED | 8 | object: 1380 × 560 × 980 mm
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This is one of a series of works with this title and Roman numerals.</p>\n<p>McKenzie first exhibited <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> as part of her exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy</i> held at Galerie Buchholz, Berlin in November 2015, where it was shown alongside a group of three works which together form an installation that embodies the artist’s approach to an expansive idea of painting. The other three works are: <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-serrancolin-bed-t14670\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14670</span></a>), a painting stretched over a copper and MDF frame in the shape of a bed; <i>Shell Light</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-shell-light-t14672\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14672</span></a>), a lamp made out of a shell; and <i>Breche Abstract</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-breche-abstract-t14671\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14671</span></a>), a wall-hung painting. Unlike these works, which must be shown together, <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> can be shown on its own.</p>\n<p>Throughout this entire group of works, painting functions in different ways. In <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> the bed frame serves as a support for an oil painting on canvas depicting a faux marble surface where the mattress would normally be, Serrancolin being a type of marble used in luxury interiors. The headboard and footboard of the bed are made out of bent copper tubes. McKenzie used the same materials and illusionistic decorative and commercial paint techniques in <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i>, working with a professional upholsterer to make both works. <i>Breche Abstract</i> is a wall-mounted painting that functions as a parody of an abstract style that has become generic and commonplace. Talking about this work, McKenzie said: ‘<i>I have no idea how to do something abstract, so I used the composition of some of the big slabs of marble in the show [at Galerie </i>Buchholz] <i>as the basis for the composition and did [it] in a couple of hours.’ (Quoted in Andersen 2015, accessed 8 May 2016.) Shell Light</i> 2015, a reading lamp made out of a Bursidae shell, commonly known as ‘frog shell’, is the only work in the group that does not incorporate painting.</p>\n<p>The exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy </i>revolved around the recreation of a fictional domestic interior, such as might be associated with young cultural entrepreneurs; a social group whose members are characterised for having lifestyles in which the traditional boundaries between industry, leisure and intimacy have apparently dissolved, and whose principles and attitudes are reflected in the spaces they inhabit. McKenzie created a domestic interior around a fictional character, a businesswoman who works from her living space. The exhibition comprised different rooms: an office, a waiting area, a bedroom and a maid’s room. Each room was filled with riddles that referred to elements of the artist’s own biography. For example, in the ‘office’ the artist employed her characteristic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> techniques to create detailed paintings of neatly arranged bulletin boards for <i>Quodlibet XLVII</i>, <i>Quodlibet LII</i> and <i>Quodlibet XLIX</i> (all 2015). These included actual correspondence with banks and tax offices from her ongoing collaborative project <a href=\"http://artforum.com/search/search=%22Atelier%20E.B.%22%22 \\o %22Search Artforum.com for Atelier E.B.\"><i>Atelier E.B</i>.</a> Throughout the exhibition McKenzie used painting to define the personality of the woman who inhabits this space, based on the things she owns or has lying about her house; her choice of furniture, wallpaper, magazines and the like. Talking about the exhibition the artist commented: </p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>\n<i>The world of visual culture has changed so much in the last decade. If you are interested in aesthetics you have to examine your relationship to culture material much more carefully now, or you are just a coloniser. I have zero interest in being part of good taste design culture. That’s why I like to work with art nouveau, partly because it’s not the kind of thing you ever see in a boutique hotel or collectors house … I love exploring ideology or gender codes through how houses are decorated – the misogyny in utopian modernism for instance.</i>\n<br/>\n<i>(Quoted in ibid.)</i>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Alongside this expanded idea of painting, McKenzie’s practice additionally combines a range of activities which include writing, curating, event organisation and interdisciplinary collaborations with her peers. She has founded a record label, <i>Decemberism</i>, ran the temporary Warsaw-based salon <i>Nova Popularna</i> with Polish artist Paolina Olowska in 2003, and established the design company <i>Atelier</i> with Beca Lipscombe and Bernie Reid in 2007. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Lizzie Carey-Thomas, ‘Lucy McKenzie’, in exhibition catalogue, <i>Painting Now. Five Contemporary Artists</i>, Tate Britain, London 2013.<br/>Henry Andersen, ‘I have zero interest in being part of good taste culture: An interview with Lucy McKenzie’, <i>Conceptual Fine Arts</i>, December 2015, <a href=\"http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/%20\">http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/</a>, accessed 8 May 2016.</p>\n<p>Carmen Juliá<br/>April 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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] | <p>This is one of a group of three works by Lucy McKenzie which together form an installation that embodies the artist’s approach to an expansive idea of painting. They are: <span>Serrancolin Bed</span> 2015 (Tate T14670), a painting stretched over a copper and MDF frame in the shape of a bed; <span>Shell Light</span> 2015 (Tate T14672), a lamp made out of a shell; and <span>Breche Abstract</span> 2015 (Tate T14671), a wall-hung painting. They were first shown in the exhibition <span>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy</span> held at Galerie Buchholz, Berlin in November 2015 and should always be installed together. Also included was <span>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</span> 2015 (Tate T14669), is also in Tate’s collection, a work which combines painting and sculpture in the form of a dressing table. This fourth work can be displayed as part of the installation or on its own.</p> | false | 1 | 8631 | sculpture oil paint canvas copper piping steel leaf | [] | Serrancolin Bed | 2,015 | Tate | 2015 | CLEARED | 8 | object: 860 × 1405 × 2075 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Purchased with funds provided by The Joe and Marie Donnelly Acquisition Fund 2016 | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>This is one of a group of three works by Lucy McKenzie which together form an installation that embodies the artist’s approach to an expansive idea of painting. They are: <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-serrancolin-bed-t14670\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14670</span></a>), a painting stretched over a copper and MDF frame in the shape of a bed; <i>Shell Light</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-shell-light-t14672\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14672</span></a>), a lamp made out of a shell; and <i>Breche Abstract</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-breche-abstract-t14671\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14671</span></a>), a wall-hung painting. They were first shown in the exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy</i> held at Galerie Buchholz, Berlin in November 2015 and should always be installed together. Also included was <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-quodlibet-lxi-cerfontaine-coiffeuse-t14669\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14669</span></a>), is also in Tate’s collection, a work which combines painting and sculpture in the form of a dressing table. This fourth work can be displayed as part of the installation or on its own.</p>\n<p>Throughout this group of works, painting functions in different ways. In <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> the bed frame serves as a support for an oil painting on canvas depicting a faux marble surface where the mattress would normally be, Serrancolin being a type of marble used in luxury interiors. The headboard and footboard of the bed are made out of bent copper tubes. McKenzie used the same materials and illusionistic decorative and commercial paint techniques in <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i>, but in this instance the painting has been transformed into a dressing table with a seat. A circular mirror extends upwards from the work. The artist worked with a professional upholsterer to make both works. In <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> she employed illusionistic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> painting – also known by the Latin word ‘quodlibet’, hence the work’s title – to create a tabletop composition in which she has drawn an arrangement of make-up products and creams. Her own image is reflected on the lid of a blush powder box. <i>Breche Abstract</i> is a wall-mounted painting that functions as a parody of an abstract style that has become generic and commonplace. Talking about this work, McKenzie said: ‘<i>I have no idea how to do something abstract, so I used the composition of some of the big slabs of marble in the show [at Galerie </i>Buchholz] <i>as the basis for the composition and did [it] in a couple of hours.’ (Quoted in Andersen 2015, accessed 8 May 2016.) Shell Light</i> 2015, a reading lamp made out of a Bursidae shell, commonly known as ‘frog shell’, is the only work in the group that does not incorporate painting.</p>\n<p>The exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy </i>revolved around the recreation of a fictional domestic interior, such as might be associated with young cultural entrepreneurs; a social group whose members are characterised for having lifestyles in which the traditional boundaries between industry, leisure and intimacy have apparently dissolved, and whose principles and attitudes are reflected in the spaces they inhabit. McKenzie created a domestic interior around a fictional character, a businesswoman who works from her living space. The exhibition comprised different rooms: an office, a waiting area, a bedroom and a maid’s room. Each room was filled with riddles that referred to elements of the artist’s own biography. For example, in the ‘office’ the artist employed her characteristic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> techniques to create detailed paintings of neatly arranged bulletin boards for <i>Quodlibet XLVII</i>, <i>Quodlibet LII</i> and <i>Quodlibet XLIX</i> (all 2015). These included actual correspondence with banks and tax offices from her ongoing collaborative project <a href=\"http://artforum.com/search/search=%22Atelier%20E.B.%22%22 \\o %22Search Artforum.com for Atelier E.B.\"><i>Atelier E.B</i>.</a> Throughout the exhibition McKenzie used painting to define the personality of the woman who inhabits this space, based on the things she owns or has lying about her house; her choice of furniture, wallpaper, magazines and the like. Talking about the exhibition the artist commented: </p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>\n<i>The world of visual culture has changed so much in the last decade. If you are interested in aesthetics you have to examine your relationship to culture material much more carefully now, or you are just a coloniser. I have zero interest in being part of good taste design culture. That’s why I like to work with art nouveau, partly because it’s not the kind of thing you ever see in a boutique hotel or collectors house … I love exploring ideology or gender codes through how houses are decorated – the misogyny in utopian modernism for instance.</i>\n<br/>\n<i>(Quoted in ibid.)</i>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Alongside this expanded idea of painting, McKenzie’s practice additionally combines a range of activities which include writing, curating, event organisation and interdisciplinary collaborations with her peers. She has founded a record label, <i>Decemberism</i>, ran the temporary Warsaw-based salon <i>Nova Popularna</i> with Polish artist Paolina Olowska in 2003, and established the design company <i>Atelier</i> with Beca Lipscombe and Bernie Reid in 2007. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Lizzie Carey-Thomas, ‘Lucy McKenzie’, in exhibition catalogue, <i>Painting Now. Five Contemporary Artists</i>, Tate Britain, London 2013.<br/>Henry Andersen, ‘I have zero interest in being part of good taste culture: An interview with Lucy McKenzie’, <i>Conceptual Fine Arts</i>, December 2015, <a href=\"http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/%20\">http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/</a>, accessed 8 May 2016.</p>\n<p>Carmen Juliá<br/>April 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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} | 7017283 7019097 7002444 7008591 | Lucy McKenzie (Brussels, Belgium) | 2,015 | [] | <p>This is one of a group of three works by Lucy McKenzie which together form an installation that embodies the artist’s approach to an expansive idea of painting. They are: <span>Serrancolin Bed</span> 2015 (Tate T14670), a painting stretched over a copper and MDF frame in the shape of a bed; <span>Shell Light</span> 2015 (Tate T14672), a lamp made out of a shell; and <span>Breche Abstract</span> 2015 (Tate T14671), a wall-hung painting. They were first shown in the exhibition <span>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy</span> held at Galerie Buchholz, Berlin in November 2015 and should always be installed together. Also included was <span>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</span> 2015 (Tate T14669), is also in Tate’s collection, a work which combines painting and sculpture in the form of a dressing table. This fourth work can be displayed as part of the installation or on its own.</p> | false | 1 | 8631 | painting oil paint canvas | [] | Breche Abstract | 2,015 | Tate | 2015 | CLEARED | 6 | object: 945 × 1227 × 40 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Purchased with funds provided by The Joe and Marie Donnelly Acquisition Fund 2016 | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>This is one of a group of three works by Lucy McKenzie which together form an installation that embodies the artist’s approach to an expansive idea of painting. They are: <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-serrancolin-bed-t14670\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14670</span></a>), a painting stretched over a copper and MDF frame in the shape of a bed; <i>Shell Light</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-shell-light-t14672\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14672</span></a>), a lamp made out of a shell; and <i>Breche Abstract</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-breche-abstract-t14671\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14671</span></a>), a wall-hung painting. They were first shown in the exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy</i> held at Galerie Buchholz, Berlin in November 2015 and should always be installed together. Also included was <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-quodlibet-lxi-cerfontaine-coiffeuse-t14669\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14669</span></a>), is also in Tate’s collection, a work which combines painting and sculpture in the form of a dressing table. This fourth work can be displayed as part of the installation or on its own.</p>\n<p>Throughout this group of works, painting functions in different ways. In <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> the bed frame serves as a support for an oil painting on canvas depicting a faux marble surface where the mattress would normally be, Serrancolin being a type of marble used in luxury interiors. The headboard and footboard of the bed are made out of bent copper tubes. McKenzie used the same materials and illusionistic decorative and commercial paint techniques in <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i>, but in this instance the painting has been transformed into a dressing table with a seat. A circular mirror extends upwards from the work. The artist worked with a professional upholsterer to make both works. In <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> she employed illusionistic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> painting – also known by the Latin word ‘quodlibet’, hence the work’s title – to create a tabletop composition in which she has drawn an arrangement of make-up products and creams. Her own image is reflected on the lid of a blush powder box. <i>Breche Abstract</i> is a wall-mounted painting that functions as a parody of an abstract style that has become generic and commonplace. Talking about this work, McKenzie said: ‘<i>I have no idea how to do something abstract, so I used the composition of some of the big slabs of marble in the show [at Galerie </i>Buchholz] <i>as the basis for the composition and did [it] in a couple of hours.’ (Quoted in Andersen 2015, accessed 8 May 2016.) Shell Light</i> 2015, a reading lamp made out of a Bursidae shell, commonly known as ‘frog shell’, is the only work in the group that does not incorporate painting.</p>\n<p>The exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy </i>revolved around the recreation of a fictional domestic interior, such as might be associated with young cultural entrepreneurs; a social group whose members are characterised for having lifestyles in which the traditional boundaries between industry, leisure and intimacy have apparently dissolved, and whose principles and attitudes are reflected in the spaces they inhabit. McKenzie created a domestic interior around a fictional character, a businesswoman who works from her living space. The exhibition comprised different rooms: an office, a waiting area, a bedroom and a maid’s room. Each room was filled with riddles that referred to elements of the artist’s own biography. For example, in the ‘office’ the artist employed her characteristic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> techniques to create detailed paintings of neatly arranged bulletin boards for <i>Quodlibet XLVII</i>, <i>Quodlibet LII</i> and <i>Quodlibet XLIX</i> (all 2015). These included actual correspondence with banks and tax offices from her ongoing collaborative project <a href=\"http://artforum.com/search/search=%22Atelier%20E.B.%22%22 \\o %22Search Artforum.com for Atelier E.B.\"><i>Atelier E.B</i>.</a> Throughout the exhibition McKenzie used painting to define the personality of the woman who inhabits this space, based on the things she owns or has lying about her house; her choice of furniture, wallpaper, magazines and the like. Talking about the exhibition the artist commented: </p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>\n<i>The world of visual culture has changed so much in the last decade. If you are interested in aesthetics you have to examine your relationship to culture material much more carefully now, or you are just a coloniser. I have zero interest in being part of good taste design culture. That’s why I like to work with art nouveau, partly because it’s not the kind of thing you ever see in a boutique hotel or collectors house … I love exploring ideology or gender codes through how houses are decorated – the misogyny in utopian modernism for instance.</i>\n<br/>\n<i>(Quoted in ibid.)</i>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Alongside this expanded idea of painting, McKenzie’s practice additionally combines a range of activities which include writing, curating, event organisation and interdisciplinary collaborations with her peers. She has founded a record label, <i>Decemberism</i>, ran the temporary Warsaw-based salon <i>Nova Popularna</i> with Polish artist Paolina Olowska in 2003, and established the design company <i>Atelier</i> with Beca Lipscombe and Bernie Reid in 2007. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Lizzie Carey-Thomas, ‘Lucy McKenzie’, in exhibition catalogue, <i>Painting Now. Five Contemporary Artists</i>, Tate Britain, London 2013.<br/>Henry Andersen, ‘I have zero interest in being part of good taste culture: An interview with Lucy McKenzie’, <i>Conceptual Fine Arts</i>, December 2015, <a href=\"http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/%20\">http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/</a>, accessed 8 May 2016.</p>\n<p>Carmen Juliá<br/>April 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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Shell, light bulb and cable | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>This is one of a group of three works by Lucy McKenzie which together form an installation that embodies the artist’s approach to an expansive idea of painting. They are: <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-serrancolin-bed-t14670\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14670</span></a>), a painting stretched over a copper and MDF frame in the shape of a bed; <i>Shell Light</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-shell-light-t14672\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14672</span></a>), a lamp made out of a shell; and <i>Breche Abstract</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-breche-abstract-t14671\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14671</span></a>), a wall-hung painting. They were first shown in the exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy</i> held at Galerie Buchholz, Berlin in November 2015 and should always be installed together. Also included was <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> 2015 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mckenzie-quodlibet-lxi-cerfontaine-coiffeuse-t14669\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14669</span></a>), is also in Tate’s collection, a work which combines painting and sculpture in the form of a dressing table. This fourth work can be displayed as part of the installation or on its own.</p>\n<p>Throughout this group of works, painting functions in different ways. In <i>Serrancolin Bed</i> the bed frame serves as a support for an oil painting on canvas depicting a faux marble surface where the mattress would normally be, Serrancolin being a type of marble used in luxury interiors. The headboard and footboard of the bed are made out of bent copper tubes. McKenzie used the same materials and illusionistic decorative and commercial paint techniques in <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i>, but in this instance the painting has been transformed into a dressing table with a seat. A circular mirror extends upwards from the work. The artist worked with a professional upholsterer to make both works. In <i>Quodlibet LXI (Cerfontaine Coiffeuse)</i> she employed illusionistic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> painting – also known by the Latin word ‘quodlibet’, hence the work’s title – to create a tabletop composition in which she has drawn an arrangement of make-up products and creams. Her own image is reflected on the lid of a blush powder box. <i>Breche Abstract</i> is a wall-mounted painting that functions as a parody of an abstract style that has become generic and commonplace. Talking about this work, McKenzie said: ‘<i>I have no idea how to do something abstract, so I used the composition of some of the big slabs of marble in the show [at Galerie </i>Buchholz] <i>as the basis for the composition and did [it] in a couple of hours.’ (Quoted in Andersen 2015, accessed 8 May 2016.) Shell Light</i> 2015, a reading lamp made out of a Bursidae shell, commonly known as ‘frog shell’, is the only work in the group that does not incorporate painting.</p>\n<p>The exhibition <i>Inspired by an Atlas of Leprosy </i>revolved around the recreation of a fictional domestic interior, such as might be associated with young cultural entrepreneurs; a social group whose members are characterised for having lifestyles in which the traditional boundaries between industry, leisure and intimacy have apparently dissolved, and whose principles and attitudes are reflected in the spaces they inhabit. McKenzie created a domestic interior around a fictional character, a businesswoman who works from her living space. The exhibition comprised different rooms: an office, a waiting area, a bedroom and a maid’s room. Each room was filled with riddles that referred to elements of the artist’s own biography. For example, in the ‘office’ the artist employed her characteristic <i>trompe l’oeil</i> techniques to create detailed paintings of neatly arranged bulletin boards for <i>Quodlibet XLVII</i>, <i>Quodlibet LII</i> and <i>Quodlibet XLIX</i> (all 2015). These included actual correspondence with banks and tax offices from her ongoing collaborative project <a href=\"http://artforum.com/search/search=%22Atelier%20E.B.%22%22 \\o %22Search Artforum.com for Atelier E.B.\"><i>Atelier E.B</i>.</a> Throughout the exhibition McKenzie used painting to define the personality of the woman who inhabits this space, based on the things she owns or has lying about her house; her choice of furniture, wallpaper, magazines and the like. Talking about the exhibition the artist commented: </p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>\n<i>The world of visual culture has changed so much in the last decade. If you are interested in aesthetics you have to examine your relationship to culture material much more carefully now, or you are just a coloniser. I have zero interest in being part of good taste design culture. That’s why I like to work with art nouveau, partly because it’s not the kind of thing you ever see in a boutique hotel or collectors house … I love exploring ideology or gender codes through how houses are decorated – the misogyny in utopian modernism for instance.</i>\n<br/>\n<i>(Quoted in ibid.)</i>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Alongside this expanded idea of painting, McKenzie’s practice additionally combines a range of activities which include writing, curating, event organisation and interdisciplinary collaborations with her peers. She has founded a record label, <i>Decemberism</i>, ran the temporary Warsaw-based salon <i>Nova Popularna</i> with Polish artist Paolina Olowska in 2003, and established the design company <i>Atelier</i> with Beca Lipscombe and Bernie Reid in 2007. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Lizzie Carey-Thomas, ‘Lucy McKenzie’, in exhibition catalogue, <i>Painting Now. Five Contemporary Artists</i>, Tate Britain, London 2013.<br/>Henry Andersen, ‘I have zero interest in being part of good taste culture: An interview with Lucy McKenzie’, <i>Conceptual Fine Arts</i>, December 2015, <a href=\"http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/%20\">http://www.conceptualfinearts.com/cfa/2015/12/09/i-have-zero-interest-in-being-part-of-good-taste-culture-an-interview-with-lucy-mckenzie/</a>, accessed 8 May 2016.</p>\n<p>Carmen Juliá<br/>April 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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21 photographs, gelatin silver prints on paper; 2 photographs, c-prints on paper; ink on paper; horse hooves; horse hair; synthetic horse hair; textiles; leather; wood; metal and film, super 8mm, shown as video, colour | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Quadrille </i>1975/2013 is an installation comprising a Super 8 mm silent film that documents Rose English’s first full-scale performance art event, together with the costumes worn by the performers and photographic documentation of the event in the form of twenty black and white photographs and three colour photographs. The performance took place in the dressage arena of the Southampton Horse Show in 1975, in front of an audience who were there to watch the equestrian events. The work was commissioned by the Southampton Festival of Performance Art.</p>\n<p>The film, which lasts just under eleven minutes, was shot on Super 8 film and has subsequently been transferred to DVD. It begins with footage of a rider on horseback who is clearly a competitor, establishing the equine nature of the event. Several figures then walk into the arena carrying white boxes, which they place onto the ground to form the four corners of a rectangle. Lines of small white horse figurines are subsequently positioned on the ground to form the perimeter of the rectangular space. While the audience watches, six female performers walk into the arena in a line, one behind the other. The six women are dressed to resemble horses in competition: they wear long horsehair tails attached to their waists, high hoof-shoes, apron-style tunics made from horse blankets and white knee-socks and gloves. Stepping over the lines of white toy horses, they enter the makeshift enclosure and begin to ‘trot’ in formation. Carefully choreographed, their movements mimic those of horses in dressage competitions. The performers’ ability to move freely is hampered by the difficulty of walking in the hoof-shoes, and there is a strong sense of self-control and restraint in their performance.</p>\n<p>English’s decision to devise a performance for a setting far removed from a typical contemporary art environment is a common strategy in her work. The curator and historian Guy Brett has described the incitement and disruption that was an integral part of the impact of<i> Quadrille</i>: ‘the organiser of the event, a Mrs. Parker, ran in desperation on to the field to try to stop it. Undoubtedly the artist was already touching a secret English nerve. Even a bareback rider would have been a provocation in this atmosphere, and the attire created by the artist for her dancers was clearly beyond the bounds’ (Brett 2014, p.318). The title of the work takes its name from a traditional square dance popular in late-eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England and Europe. The film is shown as part of an installation, in which the costumes worn by the performers are displayed neatly arranged side by side on a table adjacent to the film and photographic documentation, each horse tail matched with a pair of horseshoe high heels. Although now inert in the gallery setting, the objects are bought to life by the film and photographs and exert a visceral power.</p>\n<p>\n<i>Quadrille</i> explores the fetishisation of women’s bodies with humour and ambivalence. It was produced at a time when performance and its documentation were being claimed as important territory for feminist art. English was part of a generation of women artists in Britain in the 1970s, which included Rose Finn-Kelcey, Alexis Hunter and Carolee Schneemann, who sought to use the female body to highlight and dismantle oppressive cultural constructs that defined gender roles.</p>\n<p>The performers in <i>Quadrille </i>were Joanna Bartholomew, Sally Cranfield, Helen Crocker, Maedée Duprès, Jacky Lansley and Judith Katz.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Guy Brett,<i> Abstract Vaudeville: The Work of Rose English</i>, London 2014.</p>\n<p>Helen Delaney<br/>July 2015</p>\n</div>\n",
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] | <p><span>Surface IX</span> 1962 is a square-format wooden relief on a square wooden backboard which has been painted black by the artist. The relief itself is composed of twenty-seven vertical slats of wood of equal height and width, placed adjacent to one another. Each wooden slat has been machine-routed, or turned, creating a pattern of horizontal indentations at varying intervals along the slats. The profile of each moulded strip is undulated, some strips containing as few as thirteen notches, others as many as nineteen. Each profile becomes a different structural element in the constructed relief. Placed side-by-side, the alternating profiles create a sense of rhythm and movement. <span>Surface IX</span> belongs to a body of wooden reliefs that Picelj created between the late 1950s and the early 1960s to which he gave the name ‘surfaces’, differentiating them from each other by using the roman numerical system.</p> | false | 1 | 24102 | relief wood metal | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Surface IX</i> 1962 is a square-format wooden relief on a square wooden backboard which has been painted black by the artist. The relief itself is composed of twenty-seven vertical slats of wood of equal height and width, placed adjacent to one another. Each wooden slat has been machine-routed, or turned, creating a pattern of horizontal indentations at varying intervals along the slats. The profile of each moulded strip is undulated, some strips containing as few as thirteen notches, others as many as nineteen. Each profile becomes a different structural element in the constructed relief. Placed side-by-side, the alternating profiles create a sense of rhythm and movement. <i>Surface IX</i> belongs to a body of wooden reliefs that Picelj created between the late 1950s and the early 1960s to which he gave the name ‘surfaces’, differentiating them from each other by using the roman numerical system. </p>\n<p>Having developed his own particular variant of abstract geometric painting during the 1950s, Picelj began making wooden reliefs towards the end of that decade. One of the earliest, the horizontal relief <i>Surface</i> 1957–61 (private collection), is composed of slender strips of unpainted wood, equally spaced across a wooden ground and machine-cut at intervals, creating a three dimensional vibrating surface. When viewed from different angles, or with light reflecting on the surface, the sense of movement is accentuated. The painted wooden relief <i>Surface I</i> 1961 (800 x 800 mm) was exhibited in the first <i>New Tendencies</i> exhibition which took place from 3 August to 14 September 1961 at the Galerija suvremene umjetnosti (Gallery of Contemporary Art), Zagreb. From 1961 to 1969, Zagreb was host to a series of five exhibitions under the banner of New Tendencies, which were connected in their orientation towards neo-constructivist optical art, as well as kinetic and programmed art (‘arte programmata’). New Tendencies was an international movement of European artists and theorists who sought to establish a position that was distinct from abstract expressionism and tachisme. It advocated a new conception of art experimenting with the visual investigation of surfaces, structures and objects, and a methodically planned artistic practice based on research and the active participant. Artists from Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, including Julio Le Parc, Heinz Mack, Piero Manzoni, François Morellet, Otto Piene, Dieter Roth and Günther Uecker, participated alongside Picelj and fellow Croatian artist Julije Knifer (1924–2004) in the first New Tendencies exhibition. In the accompanying exhibition catalogue, Picelj explained that the aim of his research was ‘to make art imperceptible’ (quoted in Rosen 2011, p.83).</p>\n<p>The following year, at the exhibition <i>New Tendencies 2</i> (1 August to 15 September 1963), Picelj exhibited the wooden relief <i>Surface XII</i> 1962, now held in the collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art (MSU), Zagreb. This work shares formal similarities with <i>Surface IX</i> in its regular arrangement of routed wooden strips on a square ground. The catalogue accompanying the second New Tendencies exhibition included a short commentary by Picelj in which he spoke of an ‘active’ art which should imperceptibly permeate society: </p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>A large number and multiple meanings of today’s society and individual’s needs require from us to accept active art, able to be the avant-garde of most positive efforts of science and humankind in general … It is imposed on us as a necessity that will establish the relations of true human assets within the framework of a higher structural order. Active art will be realized when elements it consists of become identical. Identical does not mean the same, but subjected to higher structural order; the characteristics of elements will match when they are encompassed by the notion of higher structural order. Subjected to a higher structural order, active art should contain all the elements that will make it part of this entire order, on the scale man-planet-space.<br/>(Quoted in ibid., p.123.)</blockquote>\n<p>Picelj made a number of black painted reliefs which were similar to <i>Surface IX</i>, such as <i>Surface VI</i> 1961 (Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb), <i>Surface XXII</i> 1962 (private collection), <i>Surface XI</i> 1962 (private collection), <i>Surface VII</i> 1962 (private collection), <i>Surface XII</i> 1962 (Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb), <i>Surface XXI</i> 1962 (private collection) and <i>Surface XXI</i> 1962 (private collection). He experimented with optical effects by incorporating wooden strips of differing widths and by alternating the depth and regularity of the indentations. As with <i>Surface IX</i>, the vertical elements within each relief lend the work a totemic quality. From 1964 he began experimenting with making reliefs in metal instead of wood, exploiting the reflective and therefore potentially dynamic qualities of his new medium (see, for example, <i>Suasum </i>1965 [Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/picelj-suasum-t14676\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14676</span></a>]).</p>\n<p>\n<i>Surface IX</i> was first exhibited in New York in 1965 at the Howard Wise Gallery, which specialised in constructivist art, kinetic art and light sculpture. It was American art critic Douglas MacAgy who had introduced Picelj’s work to Howard Wise and proposed to Picelj that he exhibit at the gallery. In a letter dated 25 May 1965, MacAgy had written to Picelj noting: ‘Last June I had the pleasure of meeting you in Venice through Madame Denise Rene [a Parisian gallerist specialising in kinetic art and op art] … At that time I knew your work mainly from hearsay and a reproduction or two. But your piece in The Museum of Modern Art’s “Responsive Eye” exhibition [25 February to 25 April 1963] captivated me.’<i> </i>(Quoted in Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb 2014, p.11.) MacAgy’s proposal resulted in the artist sending nineteen reliefs, including <i>Surface IX</i> and <i>Suasum</i>, and three paintings, which were shown in relation to the work of Brazilian constructivist Abraham Palatnik (born 1928) in the exhibition entitled <i>Cinecromaticos by Abraham Palatnik of Brazil; Površine by Ivan Picelj of Yugoslavia: Two One-Man Shows</i> (12 to 30 October 1965). Due to bureaucratic difficulties at the time, it was not possible to transport the works back to socialist Yugoslavia and they remained in storage in New York for over four decades. Thirteen works, including <i>Surface IX</i> and <i>Suasum</i>, were reunited with the estate of the artist in 2013 and exhibited for the first time since 1965 in the exhibition <i>Merci Picelj </i>at the Museum of Contemporary Art (MSU), Zagreb in 2014.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<a href=\"https://mitpress.mit.edu/authors/margit-rosen\">Margit Rosen</a> (ed.), <i>A Little-Known Story about a Movement, a Magazine, and the Computer’s Arrival in Art. New Tendencies and Bit International, 1961–1973</i>, Karlsruhe, Cambridge, MA and London 2011.<br/>\n<i>Merci Picelj. From the Ivan Picelj’s Archives and Library</i>, exhibition catalogue, Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb 2014, reproduced pp.10–11.</p>\n<p>Juliet Bingham<br/>March 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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In some works, such as the monumental metal relief <i>Passage</i> 1967 (Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb), each curved metal element was set on thin raised supports at ascending heights, creating a sculptural and optical rhythm. Picelj also used colour to create different optical effects. In works such as <i>Suasum</i>, he created a sense of light growing from dark edges to whiteness in the centre; in others, such as <i>Candra I</i> 1965 (private collection), he used white to create a monochrome coffered surface which responded to ambient lighting. He also worked with complementary colours, as seen in the red and green elements in <i>Ania</i> 1965 (private collection), which created a vibrating optical effect. </p>\n<p>Prior to making <i>Suasum</i>, Picelj had experimented with making reliefs out of wood for a number of years, up to the early 1960s (see, for example, <i>Surface IX</i> 1962 [Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/picelj-surface-ix-t14675\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14675</span></a>]). He was involved with the New Tendencies movement in his native Yugoslavia, an international movement of European artists and theorists who sought to establish a position that was distinct from abstract expressionism and tachisme. It advocated a new conception of art experimenting with the visual investigation of surfaces, structures and objects, and a methodically planned artistic practice based on research and the active participant. From 1964 Picelj embraced the new medium of metal, which he used either raw or industrially varnished, and which better suited his conceptual development and reflected the tendencies and new technologies of the early 1960s. He initially developed his series of wooden <i>Surfaces </i>by creating a number of similar works in brass, using the grid as an organising principle. In 1965 he began making metal reliefs with a square matrix, such as <i>Suasum</i>, each cell of the matrix filled with one concave or convex element, which gave the surface an optical rhythm, accentuated by the contrasts of white, black and grey. Having previously titled his reliefs with the term ‘surface’, in the mid-1960s he began to use individual titles for his metal reliefs, such as <i>Candra I</i> 1965, <i>Naranga</i> 1965, <i>Ides</i> 1967 and <i>Grya</i> 1967, in addition to labelling works with letters and numbers such as <i>TQS – 3</i> 1966 and <i>XY – I Negro</i> 1966. He gave this particular work a Latin title, ‘suasum’ being the supine form of the Latin verb suadeo, meaning to advise, to urge or to persuade. </p>\n<p>\n<i>Suasum</i> was first exhibited in New York in 1965 at the Howard Wise Gallery, which specialised in constructivist art, kinetic art and light sculpture. It was American art critic Douglas MacAgy who had introduced Picelj’s work to Howard Wise and proposed to Picelj that he exhibit at the gallery. In a letter dated 25 May 1965, MacAgy had written to Picelj noting: ‘Last June I had the pleasure of meeting you in Venice through Madame Denise Rene [a Parisian gallerist specialising in kinetic art and op art] … At that time I knew your work mainly from hearsay and a reproduction or two. But your piece in The Museum of Modern Art’s “Responsive Eye” exhibition [25 February to 25 April 1963] captivated me.’<i> </i>(Quoted in Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb 2014, p.11.) MacAgy’s proposal resulted in the artist sending nineteen reliefs, including <i>Suasum </i>and <i>Surface IX</i>, and three paintings, which were shown in relation to the work of Brazilian constructivist Abraham Palatnik (born 1928) in the exhibition entitled <i>Cinecromaticos by Abraham Palatnik of Brazil; Površine by Ivan Picelj of Yugoslavia: Two One-Man Shows</i> (12 to 30 October 1965). Due to bureaucratic difficulties at the time, it was not possible to transport the works back to socialist Yugoslavia and they remained in storage in New York for over four decades. Thirteen works, including <i>Surface IX</i> and <i>Suasum</i>, were reunited with the estate of the artist in 2013 and exhibited for the first time since 1965 in the exhibition <i>Merci Picelj </i>at the Museum of Contemporary Art (MSU), Zagreb in 2014.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<a href=\"https://mitpress.mit.edu/authors/margit-rosen\">Margit Rosen</a> (ed.), <i>A Little-Known Story about a Movement, a Magazine, and the Computer’s Arrival in Art. New Tendencies and Bit International, 1961–1973</i>, Karlsruhe, Cambridge, MA and London 2011.<br/>\n<i>Merci Picelj. From the Ivan Picelj’s Archives and Library</i>, exhibition catalogue, Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb 2014, reproduced p.46.</p>\n<p>Juliet Bingham<br/>March 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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The Tinker holds a saucepan in his right hand and stands in front of a wall, the right-hand side of which is brick and the left consisting of shelves for pots and pans. The Tailor sits on the wooden floor of his workshop, cutting fabric with a pair of scissors; a needle and thread and a pair of trousers are on the floor next to him and behind, on the wall, hang three suits on coat-hangers and horizontal rolls of bright patterned fabric. The Soldier stands in a bright green field in front of a barbed wire fence, holding a rifle; he is seemingly on guard duty for the encampment of six tents in the field behind him. The Sailor stands facing out at the viewer, his back against the guardrail of a ship at sea; gulls are in the sky and another ship is pitching in the sea towards the horizon. The Rich Man is depicted in profile sitting in the back of a car, wearing a large fur-collared coat and a top hat, and puffing determinedly on a large cigar. Through the window we can see that he is being driven down an ordinary terraced street, while the bodywork of the car door surrounding him reflects the other side of the street and two people gazing at the car as it drives past. The Poor Man is a workman, a navvy or stonebreaker; he stands with his shirt sleeves rolled up, his left hand grasping a pick axe held across his chest, against a landscape of uniform oval rocks. The Beggar Man is a blind man wearing a blue suit, hat and dark glasses. His right hand holds a white stick and his left hand offers up a tray of sweets; from his neck hangs a sign saying ‘BLIND’ and beside him is a begging dog with a collecting tin attached to its collar. The Thief is shown wearing a tie, tweed jacket and hat at a racecourse, picking the pocket of a racegoer. In the last image, this cast of characters is arranged, as if posing for a group photograph, in front of a jail where the figure of the Thief clutches the iron bars at the window. At the centre of the image the sailor has his arm around the soldier, and the Tinker at extreme left glances at the rest of the group; everyone else looks out at the supposed camera (or viewer) except for the Rich Man who looks back at the disappointed countenance of the Thief, perhaps suggesting an identification of sorts between the two figures. </p>\n<p>Hamilton painted the gouaches in London while he was working for the music recording company EMI in 1945. The following year he was re-admitted to the Royal Academy schools (where he had been studying prior to their closure in 1940), only to be expelled. As a result of this, he was obliged to enter military service with the Royal Engineers in 1947; he packed in his kit bag a copy of James Joyce’s novel <i>Ulysses</i> (1922), which he soon after resolved to illustrate – a task that occupied him on and off for the rest of his life. The solutions that he brought to bear on the earliest group of studies for <i>Ulysses</i> can in part be traced back to the way in which he approached the illustration of <i>Nursery Education</i>. Hamilton was faced by two major challenges with <i>Ulysses</i>: not just the conundrum facing any illustrator of how to convey a passing narrative in an image, but more fundamentally the fact that within <i>Ulysses</i> Joyce used different styles of language as part of the narrative. It was this last aspect of the book that fired Hamilton’s imagination because it ‘demonstrated a stylistic and technical freedom that might be applied to painting’ (quoted in Hamilton 1992, p.143). Hamilton resolved to shift style and technique not just between each illustration (echoing the similar language shifts carried out in Joyce’s prose), but also within each illustration as a form of stylistic collage. This was allied to the manner in which – as here with <i>Nursery Education</i> – he addressed certain figures as distinct archetypes. This approach was at the heart of the pictorial and conceptual wordplay that underpins <i>Nursery Education</i>, and can also be recognised in the manner in which Hamilton approached portraiture throughout his career (see, for example, <i>The citizen</i> 1981–3 [Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hamilton-the-citizen-t03980\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T03980</span></a>], <i>The subject</i> 1988–90 [Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hamilton-the-subject-t06774\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T06774</span></a>] and <i>The state</i> 1993 [Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hamilton-the-state-t06775\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T06775</span></a>]. </p>\n<p>The critic Michael Bracewell has suggested that <i>Nursery Education</i> provided:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>a cast of characters and in Hamilton’s depiction of them narrative possibilities emerge that shape or enhance their identities and meanings. Inlaid narrative codes, often of immense sophistication would fascinate Hamilton throughout his career … Hamilton brings to life a small cast of characters who double (or can double) as archetypes; and within his depiction of these types, the apparent simplicity of the illustrations does not prevent either aesthetic richness, potent atmosphere or pictorial wit.<br/>(Bracewell 2015, unpaginated.)</blockquote>\n<p>The competition for which Hamilton initially conceived <i>Nursery Education</i> was staged by the <i>News Chronicle</i> in 1945; the brief was to produce images on the theme of nursery education that could be published as an illustrated book for children aged up to five years old. Judged by Kenneth Clark, Mary Potter and John Piper among others, the competition was won by Evelyn and Robert Buhler and Enid Blyton then wrote a text for their submission <i>Brown Family</i>, which was published by the <i>News Chronicle</i> the same year. The gouaches were returned to Hamilton who soon after gave the complete set in lieu of rent to the landlord of his future wife Terry O’Reilly.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>Richard Hamilton</i>, exhibition catalogue, Tate Gallery, London 1992.<br/>\n<i>Richard Hamilton</i>, exhibition catalogue, Tate Modern, London 2014.<br/>Michael Bracewell, <i>Nursery Education, Richard Hamilton</i>, exhibition catalogue, Alan Cristea Gallery, London 2015.</p>\n<p>Andrew Wilson<br/>July 2016</p>\n</div>\n",
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The ‘ecstatic marionette’ of the title refers to the artist’s creation, in 1976, of ‘Liza Wiathruck’, a life-size plaster puppet of a female figure, clothed in authentic period costume. He recorded her as the protagonist in a series of sixty enigmatic photographs entitled <i>L. W. Holos Graphos </i>1976–7, in which he explored his intellectual position towards questions of perception and the gaze. Liza was shown engaging with her environment and her image was reflected in the windows and mirrors of the artist’s studio. The photo series would inspire Jovánovics’ plaster works for years to come, with frequent references made to visual components in the photographs.</p>\n<p>Jovánovics studied sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Budapest from 1958 to 1960, before continuing his studies at the Academy of Applied Arts in Vienna in 1964, and the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1965. It was during this latter residency that he discovered the technique of plaster casting, and from that point on continued to work almost exclusively in this medium.<i> </i>His earliest works focused upon life-size full or fragmented human forms, depicted fully clothed with careful attention paid to the texture and folds of the fabric. These works alluded strongly to classical sculpture, from ancient Egyptian figures and Greek <i>kouroi</i>, to Renaissance and Rococo statuary. However, Jovánovics’ figures, made in plaster with a rough, unfinished texture, confronted and subverted the principles of classical sculpture in a number of subtle ways. Art historian Márta Kovalovszky has defined Jovánovics’ early work as focused on ‘that vaguely delineated area which lies between the ideas of classical sculpture and cheap material, victorious totality and a fallible fragmentary nature, the organic structure of the figures and the “assembled” character of puppets and idols resembling strange marionettes. The tension inside each early work was maintained by these consciously shouldered, even accentuated contradictions.’ (Márta Kovalovszky, in XLVI Biennale di Venezia 1995, p.5.)</p>\n<p>Jovánovics rose to prominence in the late 1960s as part of Hungary’s neo avant-garde movement. He was a participant in the IPARTERV exhibitions, which took place in Budapest in 1968 and 1969. These landmark exhibitions announced a new generation of Hungarian artists who challenged the official principles of art dictated by the state and sought to unite Hungarian art with global contemporary trends. <i>Curtain to the Ecstatic Marionette </i>is a formative piece in the artist’s career, representing the moment of transition from his early practice to his mature style. During the 1970s, Jovánovics’ sculptures became increasingly abstracted and detached from the human figure, although the artist’s fascination with the texture and forms of fabric remained a recurrent theme. As he began to re-interpret his early practice in a more conceptual way, he created plaster casts of individual sections of fabric and objects with the appearance of empty, shell-like drapery, which maintained traces of bodily presence despite the absence of the human figure. It was at this time that the motif of the curtain or veil began to appear repeatedly within his works, suggesting a device to control the flow of interpretation and to enable the concealment of objects and meaning. <i>Curtain to the Ecstatic Marionette </i>marked Jovánovics’ final departure from figuration, with the work’s sole focus on drapery recalling his earlier practice while marking the start of his engagement with constructivism and geometric forms.<i> </i>It was the first in the artist’s new series of plaster reliefs, which would define his output throughout the 1980s. In 1980 a coveted DAAD (Deutsche Akademie Austausch Dienst) scholarship enabled Jovánovics to move to West Berlin for four years. There his plaster reliefs became more conceptual, as he created unique plaster casts constructed of seemingly improvised compositions of materials, including wood, laths and folded plastic boards arranged on a foil.</p>\n<p>Jovánovics’ preference for plaster is part of a twentieth-century sculptural tradition in Hungary, with artists including Tibor Vilt (1905–1983), Erzsébet Schaár (1905–1975) and Gyula Gulyás (born 1944) also using the material prominently in their work. Gulyás’ use of plaster had ironic connotations, related to the international pop art movement, and Jovánovics’ early figures have similarly often been compared to those of American pop artist George Segal (1924–2000). Plaster has traditionally been considered a poorer material, used for a mediatory phase of the sculptural process before the final work is completed in bronze, stone or wood. Jovánovics instead highlights the particular qualities and overlooked beauty of this material. His use of plaster casts also enables him to avoid touching the material, ensuring that the resulting shapes have not been manually manipulated, something he considers to result in more natural and realistic artworks. Plaster is also selected for its pure white finish. Jovánovics has commented: ‘White is very important, this is the only concrete thing that I dare raise to the level of the absolute.’ (Quoted in ibid., p.16.) The use of plaster is also related to the artist’s consideration of light as an essential element of the sculptural work. Shadow adds colour and vividness to the ostensibly colourless plaster, accentuating the creases and curves of the form and creating a sense of space.</p>\n<p>Jovánovics’ use of plaster is also significant within the historical setting of his native Hungary. By producing works outside the remit of officially-supported art, Jovánovics was at risk of censorship. Two years prior to creating <i>Curtain to the Ecstatic Marionette</i>, Jovánovics’ initial exhibition of the Liza Wiathruck photo series was cancelled by the authorities before its opening at the Club of Young Artists in Budapest. <i>Curtain to the Ecstatic Marionette</i> may therefore be understood as an oppositional gesture, with the fragility of the material reflecting the vulnerability of the artist in Hungary after the failed popular uprising of 1956. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Márta Kovalovszky, <i>Jovánovics</i>, exhibition catalogue, István Király Múzeum, Székesfehérvár 1985.<br/>Márta Kovalovszky, <i>György Jovánovics</i>, exhibition catalogue, XLVI Biennale di Venezia: Ungheria, 1995, reproduced p.32.</p>\n<p>Julia Tatiana Bailey<br/>June 2015</p>\n</div>\n",
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] | <p><span>Shanty Tower</span> 2014 is a three and a half metre tall vertical structure constructed out of beams of cheap, commercially-sourced shelving systems by the Hungarian artist Tamas Kaszás. Attached to the steel skeleton, on different levels, are simple wooden shelves painted in grey carrying small maquettes of provisional shelters and self-made houses constructed mostly of plywood and cardboard. The horizontal elements of the composition are balanced with vertically placed wicker-work panels and elongated transparent Plexiglas sheets. At the base of the construction is a wooden blue stool. The installation is lit by seven bare light bulbs suspended on white cables at different heights. The object is accompanied by a wooden notice board measuring 1200 x 2000 mm, displayed on a wall near the sculpture. The board is pinned with colour and black and white images on paper constituting a collection of historical and contemporary references for the work. It is divided into two fields: one side presents images connected to Nicholas Schöffer’s (1912–1992) cybernetic tower <span>CHRONOS 8</span>, built in Hungary in 1982, while the other features designs for simple shelters and do-it-yourself kit houses, as well as printed matter from activist organisations dealing with global housing issues. The work was commissioned by and made for the nineteenth Sydney Biennale in 2014.</p> | false | 1 | 22322 | installation steel wood acrylic paper glass paint cardboard other materials | [] | Shanty Tower | 2,014 | Tate | 2014 | CLEARED | 3 | object: 3500 × 1200 × 1100 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by Zsolt and Kati Somlói 2015 | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Shanty Tower</i> 2014 is a three and a half metre tall vertical structure constructed out of beams of cheap, commercially-sourced shelving systems by the Hungarian artist Tamas Kaszás. Attached to the steel skeleton, on different levels, are simple wooden shelves painted in grey carrying small maquettes of provisional shelters and self-made houses constructed mostly of plywood and cardboard. The horizontal elements of the composition are balanced with vertically placed wicker-work panels and elongated transparent Plexiglas sheets. At the base of the construction is a wooden blue stool. The installation is lit by seven bare light bulbs suspended on white cables at different heights. The object is accompanied by a wooden notice board measuring 1200 x 2000 mm, displayed on a wall near the sculpture. The board is pinned with colour and black and white images on paper constituting a collection of historical and contemporary references for the work. It is divided into two fields: one side presents images connected to Nicholas Schöffer’s (1912–1992) cybernetic tower <i>CHRONOS 8</i>, built in Hungary in 1982, while the other features designs for simple shelters and do-it-yourself kit houses, as well as printed matter from activist organisations dealing with global housing issues. The work was commissioned by and made for the nineteenth Sydney Biennale in 2014.</p>\n<p>The material displayed on the noticeboard sets up a comparison between utopian modernism and the challenges of contemporary urbanism. This is reflected in the work’s title, <i>Shanty Tower</i>, which references both shanty towns – informal and often illegal settlements constructed on the peripheries of cities – and the promise of high-rise architecture. The vertical and horizontal structure of <i>Shanty Tower</i> recalls abstract geometry and the designs of Russian constructivism including the work of Vladimir Tatlin (1885–1953), particularly his <i>Monument to the Third International </i>1917, otherwise known as <i>Tatlin’s Tower</i>. The use of transparent Plexiglas panels also pays homage to the work of Hungarian artist László Moholy-Nagy (1895–1946), who was among the first to employ the material in his art. However, the most direct reference embedded in the work is to Schöffer’s cybernetic light tower <i>CHRONOS 8</i>. Schöffer, considered by many a father of cybernetic art, had an optimistic vision of the influence that art combined with science could have upon modern societies. However, Kaszás’s reinterpretation of Schöffer’s project in <i>Shanty Tower</i>, with its self-made character and combination of natural and artificial materials, suggests the younger artist’s scepticism about the advantages of technological progress in the contemporary moment. Instead Kaszás articulates a new kind of promise rooted in ad-hoc and do-it-yourself processes.</p>\n<p>Kaszás’s installations and architectural structures often make use of discarded materials and everyday objects to investigate the potential for self-organisation and self-sustainability in the face of the global ecological and economic crisis. Earlier works, such as<i> Collapsist Monument</i> 2011 and <i>Megashelter </i>2011, which are larger in scale than <i>Shanty Tower</i>, also explored the possibilities of an alternative urbanism. These concerns have been the focus of Kaszás’s solo exhibitions, such as <i>Ersatz Utopia</i> at Galerie Krinzinger, Vienna, in 2014, and <i>How to resist and object to conditions of the present?</i> at the Open Space, Vienna, in 2009.</p>\n<p>Kaszás has entered into a number of artistic collaborations which further evidence his anti-globalist activism as well as his socially engaged practice. Since 2002 Kaszás has worked with Anikó Loránt as the Ex-Artists’ Collective. Inspired by neglected folk science, the duo have built a series of wooden structures that function as miniature living places and centres of education, to investigate methods of survival on both a theoretical and practical level in preparation for a perceived impending crisis. Practical survival techniques are also the focus of randomroutines, the group Kaszás formed in 2003 with Krisztián Kristóf. Together the artists have staged playful improvisations in unusual situations and explore the concept of learning-by-doing. Since 2006 Kazsaz has also participated in the activities of Plágium2000, a grassroots art collective that organises street art shows and mail art projects, and publishes fanzines and multiples.</p>\n<p>In <i>Pangea, Visual Aid for Historical Consciousness</i>, a publication accompanying his contribution to the twelfth Istanbul Biennale in 2011, the artist wrote:</p>\n<p class=\"cttext\">\n</p><blockquote>We are witnesses to an ecological and economic crisis, for which our modern society is responsible. The crisis may be a harbinger of imminent collapse as the current establishment is globally unsustainable. While the collapse will be painful, it is an opportunity for the rise of a better social establishment in the future, which will be granted to those few who have prepared for a life without electricity, oil, food industry and other present-day comforts. Those who prepare for survival in the future become more independent from the prevailing world order.<br/>(Quoted in Ligetfalvi 2013, unpaginated.)</blockquote>\n<p>This thinking underlies not only the concept of Kaszás’s works but also their material and formal realisation. His installations use recycled, easily accessible or reusable materials that take into account the economic and ecological impact of the work. As such his artworks might also be seen as guides for new kinds of construction, something foregrounded in <i>Shanty Tower</i> by the inclusion of small maquettes of huts and shelters. Likewise the leaflets from activist organisations pinned to the board register the artist’s interest in and celebration of a more sustainable and do-it-yourself urbanism. As one of the leaflets states, ‘we are suggesting an informal approach to cities and settlements: stripping away the need of highly specialized professionals and replacing them with a community of shared skills’.</p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>Barnabas Bencsik, ‘Kaszás Tamás / Collapsist Monument’, in Katalin Spengler (ed.), <i>Contemporary Art in Hungary 2011–2012</i>, Budapest 2011, pp.53–5.<br/>Gergely Ligetfavli (ed.), <i>Tamás Kaszás: Visual Aid</i>, Budapest 2013.<br/>Gábor Rieder, ‘Tamás Kaszás <i>Kassák Museum</i>, Budapest’, <i>Flash Art Online</i>,<i> </i>24 October 2014, <a href=\"http://www.flashartonline.com/2014/10/tamas-kaszas-kassak-museum-budapest/\">http://www.flashartonline.com/2014/10/tamas-kaszas-kassak-museum-budapest/</a>, accessed 13 December 2014.</p>\n<p>Kasia Redzisz<br/>December 2014</p>\n</div>\n",
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The film was produced in an edition of five plus two artist’s proofs.</p>\n<p>In the first sequences of the animation, Stark’s character and the first Italian stranger, called Marcello, engage in ‘cam-sex’ but remain distanced from one another on either side of the screen. There are no animated representations of sex-acts, nor of sex-organs, simply graphic dialogue about these acts and body-parts. These virtual sexual encounters are the basis for a relationship and a discussion of several interrelated subjects, most notably Stark’s taste in dancehall music; the meaning and authenticity of virtual relationships initiated through web-sex; the nature of artistic anxiety, creativity and pedagogy; and the increasingly tense political situation in Italy. 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Stark loses contact with him and begins communicating with a second Italian, the son of an avantgarde filmmaker.</p>\n<p>The cam-sex between Stark and the second stranger is followed by discussions about the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) and Jacques Rancière (born 1940); reflections on Stark’s communications with Marcello; conversations about the novels and suicide of David Foster Wallace (1962–2008) and Thomas Bernhard (1931–1989); and discussions about Stark’s preparations for the Venice Biennale. Stark decided to use the encounters with Marcello and the second man as the basis for her video, but one of her main concerns was how to make a work based on this narrative that would be able to hold viewers’ attention, with so much other work available to see at the Biennale. Stark’s solution to this problem was to split the animation into eleven episodes: each episode begins with a summary of the previous instalment.</p>\n<p>\n<i>My Best Thing</i>, which takes its name from Marcello’s nickname for his penis, continues Stark’s practice of making work about artistic creativity: for instance, her earlier Powerpoint performance works about the pressures on artists to produce work, and her collages and paintings about the life of the studio. 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] | <p>This is a characteristic eighteenth-century ‘conversation piece’, a small-scale portrait in oils representing a family group in a domestic setting. The harpsichord visible to the left, identified by painted lettering as by the leading maker Shudi, the fashionable interior decoration and the landscape visible through the open window behind the sitters suggest that the setting is intended as a representation of the music room or drawing room in an aristocratic country house. The painting was with the Fountaine family of Narford, Norfolk, by the early twentieth century and the sitters are believed to be Brigg Price Fountaine with his wife Mary (née Hogge), and their son Andrew (born 1770) and daughter Mary Ann (born 1773). Brigg Price had taken the name of Fountaine after marrying the daughter of an heir of Sir Andrew Fountaine of Narford and inheriting the estates in the 1760s. Typically of the conversation piece, the painting is organised to emphasise the different family roles, with the male head of household positioned centrally, the children animated and playful, with the boy echoing his father’s pose, and the wife seated, sedately surveying the scene. She appears to be ‘drizzling’, pulling out gold and silver threads from brocades so they can be recycled, in a demonstration of domestic thrift, although this activity was also a fashionable pastime. Based on the details of costume, the style of the work and the apparent ages of the sitters, the work can be dated to around 1776 when Copley had settled permanently in England after training in Italy. Briggs Price Fountaine was High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1775, and the painting may therefore commemorate his time in office.</p> | false | 1 | 113 | painting oil paint canvas | [] | The Fountaine Family | 1,776 | Tate | ?1776 | CLEARED | 6 | support: 991 × 1194 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Accepted under the Cultural Gifts Scheme by HM Government from David W Posnett OBE and allocated to Tate 2016 | [
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"content": "<div><p><span>This is a characteristic eighteenth-century ‘conversation piece’, a small-scale portrait in oils representing a family group in a domestic setting. The harpsichord visible to the left, identified by painted lettering as by the leading maker Shudi, the fashionable interior decoration and the landscape visible through the open window behind the sitters suggest that the setting is intended as a representation of the music room or drawing room in an aristocratic country house. The painting was with the Fountaine family of Narford, Norfolk, by the early twentieth century and the sitters are believed to be Brigg Price Fountaine with his wife Mary (née Hogge), and their son Andrew (born 1770) and daughter Mary Ann (born 1773). Brigg Price had taken the name of Fountaine after marrying the daughter of an heir of Sir Andrew Fountaine of Narford and inheriting the estates in the 1760s. Typically of the conversation piece, the painting is organised to emphasise the different family roles, with the male head of household positioned centrally, the children animated and playful, with the boy echoing his father’s pose, and the wife seated, sedately surveying the scene. She appears to be ‘drizzling’, pulling out gold and silver threads from brocades so they can be recycled, in a demonstration of domestic thrift, although this activity was also a fashionable pastime. Based on the details of costume, the style of the work and the apparent ages of the sitters, the work can be dated to around 1776 when Copley had settled permanently in England after training in Italy. Briggs Price Fountaine was High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1775, and the painting may therefore commemorate his time in office.</span></p><p><span>Although noted in inventories of Narford in the early twentieth century, there is currently no documentary evidence to identify the artist or the sitters. The identification of the sitters as members of the Fountaine family is based on circumstantial evidence, and comparison with existing likenesses. The attribution to Copley is based on compelling technical comparison with other works by the artist and, importantly, the existence of two preparatory drawings relating to the figure of the boy, generally accepted to be by Copley (Courtauld Institute of Art, London). The work is documented in the Narford collection from 1918 and is believed to have descended through the family from the sitters.</span></p><p><span>The attribution to the American-born artist John Singleton Copley emerged only after the painting had appeared on the art market in 1987. In many respects it would be an uncharacteristic work by Copley, as he specialised in life-size portraits and the family groups he painted in the late 1770s and 1780s are on a somewhat larger scale. However, there are strong technical, stylistic and circumstantial reasons for connecting him to the work.</span></p><p><b>Further reading</b><br/><i>British Painting</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, The Leger Galleries, London, 4 May–2 June 1989, pp.128–38, reproduced.</span><br/><span>David Wilson Posnett, </span><i>A Voyage of Discovery: The Posnett Family from Scalford in Leicestershire (The Nether Broughton Line)</i><span>, privately printed 2013, pp.175–7, reproduced.</span></p><p><span>Martin Myrone</span><br/><span>November 2015</span></p></div>",
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Ink and graphite on paper | [
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] | 1,938 | <a href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/joaquin-torres-garcia-12820" aria-label="More by Joaquín Torres-García" data-gtm-name="header_link_artist" data-gtm-destination="page--artist">Joaquín Torres-García</a> | Arte constructivo | 2,017 | [] | Presented by the Tate Americas Foundation, courtesy of the Latin American Acquisitions Committee 2015 | T14688 | {
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} | 7005787 1000699 1000058 1000002 | Joaquín Torres-García | 1,938 | [] | <p>Torres-García fused constructivist elements and symbols drawn from South American culture to create a hybrid modernism that was also rooted in Pre-Columbian identity. He developed the grid structure during his years in Europe, where he lived between 1922 and 1934, however the content here is distinctively Latin American. In the centre of the top row is a sun symbolising Inti, the Incan sun god; in the lower area of the composition to the left is a stepped pyramid, symbolising the architecture of Pre-Columbian civilizations and to the right a simplified face representing the mother-earth goddess Pachamama.</p><p><em>Gallery label, November 2015</em></p> | false | 1 | 12820 | paper unique ink graphite | [
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] | Arte constructivo | 1,938 | Tate | 1938 | CLEARED | 5 | image: 97 × 134 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by the Tate Americas Foundation, courtesy of the Latin American Acquisitions Committee 2015 | [
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"content": "<div><p><i>Arte constructivo </i><span>1938 is a drawing in ink and pencil on paper. Typically for Torres-García, the composition employs a series of compartments in which he inserted a range of pictographs. It was in Europe that Torres-García developed the style of formal organisation seen in this work, however the content here is distinctively Latin American. Reading from left to right and from top to bottom: in the top left-hand corner box there is a semi-circle, beneath which is a vase (probably symbolising the art of ceramics); adjacent to this is a schematised figure – the symbol of the ‘abstract man’; next to this, in the centre of the top row is a sun pictograph symbolising Inti, the Incan sun god; lastly the top row ends with two boxes one on top of the other, one containing an image of a tool that could be a weapon but is more likely to be a stone mason’s tool, symbolising the architectural skill of the Incas; beneath that is a fish symbolising life. In the lower register of the composition two symbols dominate: to the left is a stepped pyramid, symbolising the architecture of Pre-Columbian civilisations and to the right a highly schematised face, which was Torres-Garcia’s symbol for the mother-earth goddess Pachamama (literally ‘mother-world’ and sometimes described as the wife of Inti), revered by numerous indigenous Andean cultures – he drew this symbol from the design on a mask from the Pre-Incan civilisation of Chancay in Peru. Beneath the pyramid image is a series of curved mounds which can be read as a schematic reference to the Andes mountains.</span></p><p><i>Arte Constructivo</i><span> was made in the artist’s hometown of Montevideo, Uruguay, after a period living in Europe, between 1922 and 1934. Torres-García made the drawing when he was working on ideas for both his book, </span><i>The Tradition of the Abstract Man: Constructivist Doctrine</i><span>, and his architectural-scale work </span><i>Cosmic Monument</i><span> 1937–8. In these projects he achieved his greatest fusion of constructivist elements and signs drawn from South American culture and cosmogony to create a hybrid modernism that was also rooted in Pre-Columbian identity. Both the illustrations included in</span><i> The Tradition of the Abstract Man </i><span>and the symbols inscribed on </span><i>The Cosmic Monument</i><span> are drawn from the same repertoire as those found in </span><i>Arte constructivo</i><span>. It is not possible to state conclusively that this drawing relates specifically to one or both of these significant projects, in the form of a study, as the artist made a small number of works that belong to his exploration of the same pictorial language, and repertoire of symbols, at this time.</span></p><p><i>Arte constructivo</i><span> is compositionally close to two other works made in 1938; a painting in tempera on board titled </span><i>Magic Graphism</i><span> (Grafismo magico) and a drawing made for </span><i>The Tradition of the Abstract Man </i><span>(illustrated in Ramirez 1992, p.17 and p.16 respectively). In the former, the same double line delineation both of the compartments and the forms is used as seen in </span><i>Arte constructivo</i><span> and the same symbols for Inti and Pachamama appear in almost exactly the same schematic forms. It also includes the standing ‘abstract man’ figure and the fish. The stepped pyramid form also appears – however in this work the stepped pyramid incorporates the letters AAC and the date 1938, and below this in another box is the word INDOAMERICA. In the second work that relates to Torres-García’s book, the drawing is somewhat more simplified and yet several of the same pictographs are recognisable. The Inti sun appears in this drawing, beneath which is a zig-zag line which is labelled ‘ANDE’ (Andes), likewise the mask-like sign for Pachamama, which this time incorporates the word itself into the design. The stepped pyramid appears as does the abstract man; the word Indoamerica is also included. The similarity of these compositions with that of </span><i>Arte constructivo</i><span> helps both to decipher its meaning and also to tie it into the crucial development of Torres-García’s ideas in creating a Latin American avant-garde modernism for which 1938 was a particularly important year. Around 1944 Torres-García returned to the Pachamama mask, this time making a crude, painted wooden relief of the symbol, with the name painted onto it.</span></p><p><span>In these works Torres-García made a self-conscious effort to integrate the language of European modernism – cubism, neo-plasticism and constructivism – with the complex abstractions in architecture, textiles and ceramics found in Pre-Columbian art; he drew heavily on Pre-Columbian cosmogony which was also a focus of his interest at this time. Torres-García looked particularly to the art and culture of the Incas and other Andean civilisations as a means to promote the notion of a distinctive and long-founded tradition of Indo-American abstraction. This was both because of the absence of archaeological ruins and material culture in Uruguay, but also because of the symbolic import of the sophistication of Incan and Pre-Incan civilisation as matching anything that Europe could offer, and the place of an abstract language in the architecture and aesthetic productions of these cultures. Furthermore, Incan symbolism inevitably evokes that nation’s role as a seat of rebellion against European domination during the conquest of the continent and persisting under colonial rule. Such a theoretical basis for the promotion of avant-garde aesthetic ideas in the Americas illustrates one of the most distinctive and fundamental aspects of the dialectics of Latin American modernism – an approach to art hat was not received unchanged and merely imitated, but that was transformed to address a new set of ideas, especially questions of identity and resistance, and in the process produced new hybrid and distinctive forms of modernism.</span></p><p><b>Further reading</b><br/><span>Mari Carmen Ramirez, </span><i>El Taller Torres-Garcia: The School of the South and its Legacy</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid and Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, Austin 1992.</span><br/><span>Mario H. Gradowczyk, </span><i>Torres-Garcia: Utopia y Transgression</i><span>, Montevideo 2007, illustrated p.286.</span><br/><span>Osbel Suarez (ed.), </span><i>Cold America: Geometric Abstraction in Latin America (1934–1973)</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Fundacion Juan March, Madrid 2011.</span></p><p><span>Tanya Barson</span><br/><span>April 2013</span></p></div>",
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Metal cans, wheels, electric motor | [
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} | 7002223 7001325 7000299 1000004 7014045 1002314 7007240 7012149 | Nam June Paik | 1,963 | [] | <p>Made in Germany during Paik’s early years as an artist, <span>Can Car</span> was constructed by soldering together two rusty oil drums, and originally powered with a small electric motor. Its playful spirit and repurposing of discarded materials reflects Paik’s involvement with Fluxus, an anarchic network of artists and composers who challenged traditional ideas of what art should be. Paik came to Germany to study music, and became immersed in the experimental music scene. In 1961 he met George Maciunas, the central figure of Fluxus, who invited Paik to join the group.</p><p><em>Gallery label, November 2014</em></p> | false | 1 | 6380 | sculpture metal cans wheels electric motor | [
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] | Can Car | 1,963 | Tate | 1963 | CLEARED | 8 | object: 110 × 405 × 135 mm | accessioned work | Tate | Presented by the Hakuta Family (Tate Americas Foundation) 2016 | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Can Car</i> 1963 is an early sculptural object by Paik produced in Germany, where he lived between 1956 and 1964 before moving to New York. As the title suggests, it is a small representational adaptation of a motorised vehicle, fabricated from metal coffee cans attached to an axis with an electric motor mechanism and wheels. </p>\n<p>Following an education in Tokyo, where the artist fled from South Korea with his family in 1949 on account of the imminent Korean War, Paik arrived in Germany in 1956 as an aspiring composer. Having completed his musical studies at Munich University and the Academy of Music in Freiburg, he immersed himself in the New Music scene around Cologne, establishing a number of influential and enduring friendships that he would acknowledge and celebrate with works in later years. They included avant-garde choreographer Merce Cunningham, and future Fluxus pioneer Joseph Beuys (1921–1986), with whom Paik would be connected throughout his career. Most important, however, was the meeting with experimental composer John Cage (1912–1992), which occurred at the International Summer Course for New Music in Darmstadt in 1958. A student of Arnold Schönberg, on whom Paik had written his thesis at the University of Tokyo, Cage revolutionised Paik’s views on music and performance, and was responsible for the incorporation of chance and silence into his musical and performance experiments: qualities that would later prove to be fundamental to his work. As Paik himself acknowledged: ‘Cage means ‘bird cage’ in English, but he didn’t lock me up: he liberated me.’ (Quoted in Statens Museum for Kunst 1996, p.20.)</p>\n<p>‘Fluxus’ – or Neo-Dada as it was initially known – was a collaborative, anti-authorial and international anti-art movement, envisaged as an attempt to counter the artificialities of traditional artistic canons. Originating with a number of artists and composers centred around John Cage in New York, it developed under the leadership of the Lithuanian-born American artist George Maciunas (1931–1978), who moved to Germany as a graphic designer in the US Air Force in 1961. Regarded as the founding manifesto of the movement, Maciunas’ <i>Neo-Dada in the United States</i> of 1962 set the tone for the group’s artistic practice.</p>\n<p>Largely based on the ideology and ready-mades of Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968), Fluxus challenged the parameters laid down by traditional visual arts, pioneering a distinctly anti-art aesthetic and a focus on revolutionary anti-commercialism. With a name that evoked ideas of change and flow, it deliberately included banal everyday materials in a confrontational act, employing improvisation and paradox to innovative effect. Fluxus actions sought to destabilise the authority of performance – with a deep-seated and profound sense of irony – and imbue the art work with multiple and contradictory meanings. The viewer was changed from passive receiver to active participant as music and art were transformed into simple and perplexing actions, with new and revolutionary uses created for traditional instruments and media.</p>\n<p>By the time Paik encountered Maciunas in Germany in 1961, he was actively involved in the kinds of performances that had been pioneered by the American across the Atlantic, contributing to exhibitions and musical renditions in and around the region. Invited to join the Fluxus movement by Maciunas himself – who had heard of and been impressed by his provocative and experimental performances – Paik became an integral member of the group and a close friend of its leader. Acting as an enthusiastic and energetic right-hand man, he helped to organise a variety of events, exhibitions and festivals, collaborating with his contemporaries and performing his own compositions.</p>\n<p>Conceived in the spirit of Fluxus – as the tongue-in-cheek simplicity of its title suggests – <i>Can Car</i> is deliberately banal, incorporating and elevating cheap materials and everyday objects to the status of art works. <i>Can Car</i> is fabricated from scraps of material that others would throw away: two rusty cans, soldered together to form one longer drum. The later work <i>Flux Fleet</i> 1974 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/paik-flux-fleet-t14690\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14690</span></a>) similarly elevated a set of old irons into an armada of mock battleships. <br/>\n<br/>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>Nam June Paik Video Sculptures: Electronic Undercurrents</i>, exhibition catalogue, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, September–November 1996.<br/>\n<i>The Worlds of Nam June Paik</i>, exhibition catalogue, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, February–April 2000.<br/>\n<i>Nam June Paik</i>, exhibition catalogue, Tate Liverpool, December 2010–March 2011.</p>\n<p>Hannah Dewar<br/>May 2013</p>\n</div>\n",
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Metal irons, enamel oil paint | [
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"content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>\n<i>Flux Fleet</i> 1974 is an early sculptural object by Paik produced in New York following the artist’s relocation there in 1964. It incorporates six antique irons – five small and one large – arranged on the floor in a line. The five small irons have been inscribed on one side by the artist with naval designations in enamel oil paint: ‘Fluxus Fleet’, ‘Destroyer’, ‘Cruiser’ and ‘Battleship’ in white paint and ‘Submarine’ in black. </p>\n<p>Following an education in Tokyo, where the artist fled from South Korea with his family in 1949 on account of the imminent Korean War, Paik arrived in Germany in 1956 as an aspiring composer. Having completed his musical studies at Munich University and the Academy of Music in Freiburg, he immersed himself in the New Music scene around Cologne, establishing a number of influential and enduring friendships that he would acknowledge and celebrate with works in later years. They included avant-garde choreographer Merce Cunningham, and future Fluxus pioneer Joseph Beuys (1921–1986), with whom Paik would be connected throughout his career. Most important, however, was the meeting with experimental composer John Cage (1912–1992), which occurred at the International Summer Course for New Music in Darmstadt in 1958. A student of Arnold Schönberg, on whom Paik had written his thesis at the University of Tokyo, Cage revolutionised Paik’s views on music and performance, and was responsible for the incorporation of chance and silence into his musical and performance experiments: qualities that would later prove to be fundamental to his work. As Paik himself acknowledged: ‘Cage means ‘bird cage’ in English, but he didn’t lock me up: he liberated me.’ (Quoted in Statens Museum for Kunst 1996, p.20.)</p>\n<p>‘Fluxus’ – or Neo-Dada as it was initially known – was a collaborative, anti-authorial and international anti-art movement, envisaged as an attempt to counter the artificialities of traditional artistic canons. Originating with a number of artists and composers centred around John Cage in New York, it developed under the leadership of the Lithuanian-born American artist George Maciunas (1931–1978), who moved to Germany as a graphic designer in the US Air Force in 1961. Regarded as the founding manifesto of the movement, Maciunas’ <i>Neo-Dada in the United States</i> of 1962 set the tone for the group’s artistic practice.</p>\n<p>Largely based on the ideology and ready-mades of Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968), Fluxus challenged the parameters laid down by traditional visual arts, pioneering a distinctly anti-art aesthetic and a focus on revolutionary anti-commercialism. With a name that evoked ideas of change and flow, it deliberately included banal everyday materials in a confrontational act, employing improvisation and paradox to innovative effect. Fluxus actions sought to destabilise the authority of performance – with a deep-seated and profound sense of irony – and imbue the art work with multiple and contradictory meanings. The viewer was changed from passive receiver to active participant as music and art were transformed into simple and perplexing actions, with new and revolutionary uses created for traditional instruments and media.</p>\n<p>By the time Paik encountered Maciunas in Germany in 1961, he was actively involved in the kinds of performances that had been pioneered by the American across the Atlantic, contributing to exhibitions and musical renditions in and around the region. Invited to join the Fluxus movement by Maciunas himself – who had heard of and been impressed by his provocative and experimental performances – Paik became an integral member of the group and a close friend of its leader. Acting as an enthusiastic and energetic right-hand man, he helped to organise a variety of events, exhibitions and festivals, collaborating with his contemporaries and performing his own compositions.</p>\n<p>Conceived in spirit of Fluxus, <i>Fluxus Fleet</i> is deliberately ironic, appropriating and elevating second-hand materials and everyday objects to the status of art works with minimal intervention and an element of tongue-in-cheek. Whilst the earlier <i>Can Car</i> 1963 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/paik-can-car-t14689\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14689</span></a>) – in which Paik repurposed old coffee tins to create an improvised vehicle – involved a certain amount of fabrication on the part of the artist, the objects in <i>Flux Fleet </i>are simply re-appropriated and re-designated with paint and the artist’s paint brush. In an act that is characteristic of the anti-authorial aesthetic of the movement, the individuality and skill of the artist is removed from the equation. Everyday materials are refashioned and repurposed for their life as art works in an act that is simultaneously humorous and paradoxical. Irons – symbols of household maintenance and domestic banality – are elevated into an armada of mock battleships, sailing along the floor, one behind the other, in military procession. Despite the simplicity of the act, however, this rebranding functions as an integral characteristic of the work, giving the objects new context and meaning. </p>\n<p>\n<b>Further reading</b>\n<br/>\n<i>Nam June Paik Video Sculptures: Electronic Undercurrents</i>, exhibition catalogue, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, September–November 1996.<br/>\n<i>The Worlds of Nam June Paik</i>, exhibition catalogue, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, February–April 2000.<br/>\n<i>Nam June Paik</i>, exhibition catalogue, Tate Liverpool, December 2010–March 2011.</p>\n<p>Hannah Dewar<br/>May 2013</p>\n</div>\n",
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"content": "<div><div></div><p><span>This is one of a large group of drawings in Tate’s collection by the American artist George Condo, produced between 1976 and 2009. They are executed in a variety of media – including graphite, pen, ink, pastel, charcoal, coloured pencil, watercolour and acrylic paint on paper – and vary in scale from small to large. Some of the drawings are monochromatic while others include colour, introduced as bursts and washes to add depth and intensity. Although the drawings depict a wide range of subjects in varying styles and were produced at different points across a thirty-year period, they are conceived as a thematic grouping by the artist and can be displayed as an installation on one wall as well as separately.</span></p><p><b> </b></p><p><span>A prolific draftsman, Condo has produced and continues to produce vast quantities of drawings. Many are conceived as studies for paintings, serving as a forum through which to explore recurring characters, identities and themes, while others stand simply as studies or experimentations: exercises in technique or procedure. Whereas some of the drawings in Tate’s collection – such as </span><i>Reading by Candlelight </i><span>1994 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-reading-by-candlelight-t14696\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14696</span></a>) or </span><i>Study for Metamorphosis </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-metamorphosis-t14705\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14705</span></a>) – are sketched onto pages torn from notebooks with rough, hurried marks, others are built up with colour and texture. </span><i>Dispersed Figures and Lines</i><span> 1996 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-dispersed-figures-and-lines-t14722\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14722</span></a>) and </span><i>Colored Dream Objects</i><span> 1995 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-colored-dream-objects-t14726\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14726</span></a>) are largely abstract, composed of distorted shapes and lines that meet to form pockets of brightly coloured paint. Others are figurative, depicting human and animal characters that meet in strange and unsettling scenarios.</span></p><p><span>Condo studied at Lowell University in Massachusetts between 1976 and 1978 at the request of his father, who acted as a professor of physics and calculus in the university’s mathematics department. Despite not wanting to submit to the formal structure of college art education, it nonetheless provided the opportunity to begin an in-depth investigation of classical art history. The artist has said: ‘I took basic art history, but the most instructive class I had was on Baroque and Rococo painting. I did coloured pencil copies of Caravaggios – really cheesy proto-Pop Bic pen copies.’ (Quoted in Enright 2003, p.24.) Following his move to New York’s East Village in the early 1980s, Condo continued to reinvent the past in new ways, nicknaming his first adult painting, </span><i>The Madonna </i><span>1982, ‘a fake Tiepolo’ in reverence to Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770) (Hayward Gallery 2011, p.11). A move to Paris in 1985, where he lived intermittently for a decade, offered a new wealth of learning opportunities.</span></p><p><span>With a rich and consummate knowledge of European and American art history and popular culture, Condo’s drawings incorporate a strange and wonderful itinerary of visual influences. Motifs drawn from surrealism, abstract expressionism and pop sit happily alongside the cubism of Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), while the spirit of Renaissance and Baroque masters Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Diego Velázquez (1599–1660) is re-appropriated alongside cartoons from Loony Tunes to Walt Disney. A deeply hybrid practice, Condo’s work is as connected to a European past as it is to the American present. Ralph Rugoff, curator of Condo’s retrospective at the Hayward Gallery in London in 2011 has described him as ‘liberated’ by history, rather than ‘burdened’ by it (ibid).</span></p><p><span>Filled with a cast of curious and grotesque characters – many of whom harbour a life of their own in the artist’s painted world – Condo’s work provokes a mixed emotional response from the viewer. His theatrical visions offer up profoundly peculiar tragi-comic beings who simultaneously elicit both pity and revulsion, pushing the boundaries of the understood and the acceptable. While Condo’s work is often conflicted, however, it almost always contains an element of comedy. Humour – at times subtle, at others crude and glaring – is used as a conceptual tool, destabilising the gravitas of art history and imbuing old tropes with new meaning. The artist has said: ‘My objective is to portray the strangeness I feel, and the strangeness I see is the strangeness around me’ (Enright 2003, p.24).</span></p><p><span>Some of the drawings in Tate’s collection incorporate recognisable characters from popular culture, re-envisaged with new meaning in comic situations. </span><i>Batman and Playboy Bunny</i><span> 2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-batman-and-playboy-bunny-t14692\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14692</span></a>) presents a tongue-in-cheek morning-after scenario, coupling together two giants of the magazine industry. The comic book superhero stands in full costume under a hotel sign with a dishevelled bunny at his side: an amusing post-liaison shaming perhaps, or a shyly concealed secret love affair. The same sign also appears in another work from the same year, </span><i>Study for the Housekeeper’s Day Off </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-the-housekeepers-day-off-t14693\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14693</span></a>), in which a manic-faced employee sits slumped against a wall, drowning the horrors of the week, the establishment or a dalliance of her own, perhaps, with an already upturned bottle.</span></p><p><span>Others in the group feature characters invented by the artist himself who have since come to exist as family members in his complex painterly society. Uncle Joe, the subject of a major painting from 2005 with leg outstretched and cigarettes and bottle to hand, is pictured here in various states of imagining in two preliminary sketches, </span><i>Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-uncle-joe-t14701\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14701</span></a>) and </span><i>Schematic Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-schematic-study-for-uncle-joe-t14702\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14702</span></a>), both from 2005; the latter filled with scribbled comments that reveal the artist’s precise plans for colour and composition. The ‘Antipodal Beings’ that came to prominence in his work shortly before the turn of the millennium are also visible here in </span><i>Antipodal Being </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-antipodal-being-t14715\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14715</span></a>) and </span><i>Outer Antipodes</i><span> (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-outer-antipodes-t14718\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14718</span></a>), both from 1996, demonstrating the continuity of his ideology and themes across a range of media.</span></p><p><span>In </span><i>Study for Portrait of Dakis and Maurizio </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-portrait-of-dakis-and-maurizio-t14706\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14706</span></a>) we are presented with an individual prised from the realms of real life: the Italian-born, New York-based artist Maurizio Cattelan (born 1960). Having contributed to Cattelan’s programme for </span><i>The Wrong Gallery</i><span> – a tiny exhibition space temporarily relocated from Manhattan to Tate Modern, London, which was conceived, directed and launched by Cattelan in 2005 – Condo presents his friend in comic fashion, with a troubling squint and a carrot extending through his head from ear to ear. Visible inside his mouth is a cantankerous-looking Dakis Joannou, a Greek collector and great supporter of Cattelan’s work, who appears to be causing the artist much discomfort from his strange internal position. </span><i>Curtain Design for the Ballet of Monte Carlo </i><span>2000 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-curtain-design-for-the-ballet-of-monte-carlo-t14714\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14714</span></a>), which depicts a number of dancers in brightly coloured costumes adopting theatrical poses, is similarly grounded in Condo’s real-life experience, relating to a group of works produced in conjunction with his role as scenographer for </span><i>Opus 40 </i><span>with the Monte Carlo Ballet.</span></p><p><span>Condo is known for his portraits of women with strange, contorted faces. </span><i>Family </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-family-t14720\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14720</span></a>) reveals the variation in Condo’s treatment of the female figure: at times tender and maternal, at others fierce and consuming. </span><i>Alone on a Hill </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-alone-on-a-hill-t14732\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14732</span></a>) and </span><i>The Young Executive </i><span>2003 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-young-executive-t14733\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14733</span></a>) equally show the diverse ways in which the male form is portrayed: one a peculiar individual with a monstrous expression lost in his thoughts; the other a portrait of naïve stupidity. </span><i>Casino Sketch </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-casino-sketch-t14703\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14703</span></a>), jotted onto a piece of paper taken from Mohegan Sun – the second largest casino in the United States – reveals the artist’s characteristic sexual intrigue. Through a rather unsettling voyeuristic act, we are reminded of the many potential vices of the gambling world.</span></p><p><span>As much as the drawings make use of humour, they also exude seriousness and sincerity, indicating both the deep respect that Condo holds for his artistic sources and the way in which his refined visual literacy enables him to reveal unsettling and deeply profound aspects of our own internal characters. The figure in </span><i>Study of Older Woman </i><span>2004 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-of-older-woman-t14699\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14699</span></a>), for example, executed in a ‘fake’ Renaissance style, ishaunting with its emotive gesture and hollowed-out eyes, while </span><i>Faustian Moment </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-faustian-moment-t14721\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14721</span></a>) conveys the all too real familiarity and ominous depths of our own darkest moral battles. Sketched onto paper in vivid blue pen, </span><i>Head Study </i><span>1992 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-head-study-t14697\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14697</span></a>) – a piece of paper marked with the address 47 Park Street, the hotel that Condo lived at in London during that year – depicts a curly-haired gentleman, mouth wide open in a characteristic display of fear or horror. In typical Condoesque fashion, </span><i>The Three Graces </i><span>1997 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-three-graces-t14694\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14694</span></a>) reinvents classical mythology for the modern age with equal measures of reverence and mimicry.</span></p><p><span>Distinctly individual drawings, as well as integral and interrelated components of a larger whole, these drawings act in unison. Arranged in an organic grid-like formation, carefully designed and compositionally balanced by the artist, they reveal the vast breath of Condo’s work, and the way in which his practice is informed – as well as liberated – by a deep and meaningful understanding of both the past and present.</span></p><p><b>Further reading</b><br/><span>Robert Enright, ‘The Undiscovered Familiar: The Art of George Condo’, </span><i>Border Crossings</i><span>, vol.22, May 2003, pp.18–34.</span><br/><i>George Condo: La Civilisation Perdue (The Lost Civilisation)</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Fondation Dina Vierny-Musée Maillol, Paris, April–August 2009.</span><br/><i>George Condo: Mental States</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Hayward Gallery, London, October 2011–January 2012.</span></p><p><span>Hannah Dewar</span><br/><span>December 2012</span></p><div></div></div>",
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"content": "<div><div></div><p><span>This is one of a large group of drawings in Tate’s collection by the American artist George Condo, produced between 1976 and 2009. They are executed in a variety of media – including graphite, pen, ink, pastel, charcoal, coloured pencil, watercolour and acrylic paint on paper – and vary in scale from small to large. Some of the drawings are monochromatic while others include colour, introduced as bursts and washes to add depth and intensity. Although the drawings depict a wide range of subjects in varying styles and were produced at different points across a thirty-year period, they are conceived as a thematic grouping by the artist and can be displayed as an installation on one wall as well as separately.</span></p><p><b> </b></p><p><span>A prolific draftsman, Condo has produced and continues to produce vast quantities of drawings. Many are conceived as studies for paintings, serving as a forum through which to explore recurring characters, identities and themes, while others stand simply as studies or experimentations: exercises in technique or procedure. Whereas some of the drawings in Tate’s collection – such as </span><i>Reading by Candlelight </i><span>1994 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-reading-by-candlelight-t14696\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14696</span></a>) or </span><i>Study for Metamorphosis </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-metamorphosis-t14705\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14705</span></a>) – are sketched onto pages torn from notebooks with rough, hurried marks, others are built up with colour and texture. </span><i>Dispersed Figures and Lines</i><span> 1996 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-dispersed-figures-and-lines-t14722\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14722</span></a>) and </span><i>Colored Dream Objects</i><span> 1995 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-colored-dream-objects-t14726\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14726</span></a>) are largely abstract, composed of distorted shapes and lines that meet to form pockets of brightly coloured paint. Others are figurative, depicting human and animal characters that meet in strange and unsettling scenarios.</span></p><p><span>Condo studied at Lowell University in Massachusetts between 1976 and 1978 at the request of his father, who acted as a professor of physics and calculus in the university’s mathematics department. Despite not wanting to submit to the formal structure of college art education, it nonetheless provided the opportunity to begin an in-depth investigation of classical art history. The artist has said: ‘I took basic art history, but the most instructive class I had was on Baroque and Rococo painting. I did coloured pencil copies of Caravaggios – really cheesy proto-Pop Bic pen copies.’ (Quoted in Enright 2003, p.24.) Following his move to New York’s East Village in the early 1980s, Condo continued to reinvent the past in new ways, nicknaming his first adult painting, </span><i>The Madonna </i><span>1982, ‘a fake Tiepolo’ in reverence to Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770) (Hayward Gallery 2011, p.11). A move to Paris in 1985, where he lived intermittently for a decade, offered a new wealth of learning opportunities.</span></p><p><span>With a rich and consummate knowledge of European and American art history and popular culture, Condo’s drawings incorporate a strange and wonderful itinerary of visual influences. Motifs drawn from surrealism, abstract expressionism and pop sit happily alongside the cubism of Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), while the spirit of Renaissance and Baroque masters Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Diego Velázquez (1599–1660) is re-appropriated alongside cartoons from Loony Tunes to Walt Disney. A deeply hybrid practice, Condo’s work is as connected to a European past as it is to the American present. Ralph Rugoff, curator of Condo’s retrospective at the Hayward Gallery in London in 2011 has described him as ‘liberated’ by history, rather than ‘burdened’ by it (ibid).</span></p><p><span>Filled with a cast of curious and grotesque characters – many of whom harbour a life of their own in the artist’s painted world – Condo’s work provokes a mixed emotional response from the viewer. His theatrical visions offer up profoundly peculiar tragi-comic beings who simultaneously elicit both pity and revulsion, pushing the boundaries of the understood and the acceptable. While Condo’s work is often conflicted, however, it almost always contains an element of comedy. Humour – at times subtle, at others crude and glaring – is used as a conceptual tool, destabilising the gravitas of art history and imbuing old tropes with new meaning. The artist has said: ‘My objective is to portray the strangeness I feel, and the strangeness I see is the strangeness around me’ (Enright 2003, p.24).</span></p><p><span>Some of the drawings in Tate’s collection incorporate recognisable characters from popular culture, re-envisaged with new meaning in comic situations. </span><i>Batman and Playboy Bunny</i><span> 2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-batman-and-playboy-bunny-t14692\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14692</span></a>) presents a tongue-in-cheek morning-after scenario, coupling together two giants of the magazine industry. The comic book superhero stands in full costume under a hotel sign with a dishevelled bunny at his side: an amusing post-liaison shaming perhaps, or a shyly concealed secret love affair. The same sign also appears in another work from the same year, </span><i>Study for the Housekeeper’s Day Off </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-the-housekeepers-day-off-t14693\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14693</span></a>), in which a manic-faced employee sits slumped against a wall, drowning the horrors of the week, the establishment or a dalliance of her own, perhaps, with an already upturned bottle.</span></p><p><span>Others in the group feature characters invented by the artist himself who have since come to exist as family members in his complex painterly society. Uncle Joe, the subject of a major painting from 2005 with leg outstretched and cigarettes and bottle to hand, is pictured here in various states of imagining in two preliminary sketches, </span><i>Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-uncle-joe-t14701\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14701</span></a>) and </span><i>Schematic Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-schematic-study-for-uncle-joe-t14702\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14702</span></a>), both from 2005; the latter filled with scribbled comments that reveal the artist’s precise plans for colour and composition. The ‘Antipodal Beings’ that came to prominence in his work shortly before the turn of the millennium are also visible here in </span><i>Antipodal Being </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-antipodal-being-t14715\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14715</span></a>) and </span><i>Outer Antipodes</i><span> (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-outer-antipodes-t14718\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14718</span></a>), both from 1996, demonstrating the continuity of his ideology and themes across a range of media.</span></p><p><span>In </span><i>Study for Portrait of Dakis and Maurizio </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-portrait-of-dakis-and-maurizio-t14706\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14706</span></a>) we are presented with an individual prised from the realms of real life: the Italian-born, New York-based artist Maurizio Cattelan (born 1960). Having contributed to Cattelan’s programme for </span><i>The Wrong Gallery</i><span> – a tiny exhibition space temporarily relocated from Manhattan to Tate Modern, London, which was conceived, directed and launched by Cattelan in 2005 – Condo presents his friend in comic fashion, with a troubling squint and a carrot extending through his head from ear to ear. Visible inside his mouth is a cantankerous-looking Dakis Joannou, a Greek collector and great supporter of Cattelan’s work, who appears to be causing the artist much discomfort from his strange internal position. </span><i>Curtain Design for the Ballet of Monte Carlo </i><span>2000 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-curtain-design-for-the-ballet-of-monte-carlo-t14714\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14714</span></a>), which depicts a number of dancers in brightly coloured costumes adopting theatrical poses, is similarly grounded in Condo’s real-life experience, relating to a group of works produced in conjunction with his role as scenographer for </span><i>Opus 40 </i><span>with the Monte Carlo Ballet.</span></p><p><span>Condo is known for his portraits of women with strange, contorted faces. </span><i>Family </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-family-t14720\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14720</span></a>) reveals the variation in Condo’s treatment of the female figure: at times tender and maternal, at others fierce and consuming. </span><i>Alone on a Hill </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-alone-on-a-hill-t14732\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14732</span></a>) and </span><i>The Young Executive </i><span>2003 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-young-executive-t14733\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14733</span></a>) equally show the diverse ways in which the male form is portrayed: one a peculiar individual with a monstrous expression lost in his thoughts; the other a portrait of naïve stupidity. </span><i>Casino Sketch </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-casino-sketch-t14703\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14703</span></a>), jotted onto a piece of paper taken from Mohegan Sun – the second largest casino in the United States – reveals the artist’s characteristic sexual intrigue. Through a rather unsettling voyeuristic act, we are reminded of the many potential vices of the gambling world.</span></p><p><span>As much as the drawings make use of humour, they also exude seriousness and sincerity, indicating both the deep respect that Condo holds for his artistic sources and the way in which his refined visual literacy enables him to reveal unsettling and deeply profound aspects of our own internal characters. The figure in </span><i>Study of Older Woman </i><span>2004 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-of-older-woman-t14699\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14699</span></a>), for example, executed in a ‘fake’ Renaissance style, ishaunting with its emotive gesture and hollowed-out eyes, while </span><i>Faustian Moment </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-faustian-moment-t14721\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14721</span></a>) conveys the all too real familiarity and ominous depths of our own darkest moral battles. Sketched onto paper in vivid blue pen, </span><i>Head Study </i><span>1992 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-head-study-t14697\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14697</span></a>) – a piece of paper marked with the address 47 Park Street, the hotel that Condo lived at in London during that year – depicts a curly-haired gentleman, mouth wide open in a characteristic display of fear or horror. In typical Condoesque fashion, </span><i>The Three Graces </i><span>1997 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-three-graces-t14694\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14694</span></a>) reinvents classical mythology for the modern age with equal measures of reverence and mimicry.</span></p><p><span>Distinctly individual drawings, as well as integral and interrelated components of a larger whole, these drawings act in unison. Arranged in an organic grid-like formation, carefully designed and compositionally balanced by the artist, they reveal the vast breath of Condo’s work, and the way in which his practice is informed – as well as liberated – by a deep and meaningful understanding of both the past and present.</span></p><p><b>Further reading</b><br/><span>Robert Enright, ‘The Undiscovered Familiar: The Art of George Condo’, </span><i>Border Crossings</i><span>, vol.22, May 2003, pp.18–34.</span><br/><i>George Condo: La Civilisation Perdue (The Lost Civilisation)</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Fondation Dina Vierny-Musée Maillol, Paris, April–August 2009.</span><br/><i>George Condo: Mental States</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Hayward Gallery, London, October 2011–January 2012.</span></p><p><span>Hannah Dewar</span><br/><span>December 2012</span></p><div></div></div>",
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"content": "<div><div></div><p><span>This is one of a large group of drawings in Tate’s collection by the American artist George Condo, produced between 1976 and 2009. They are executed in a variety of media – including graphite, pen, ink, pastel, charcoal, coloured pencil, watercolour and acrylic paint on paper – and vary in scale from small to large. Some of the drawings are monochromatic while others include colour, introduced as bursts and washes to add depth and intensity. Although the drawings depict a wide range of subjects in varying styles and were produced at different points across a thirty-year period, they are conceived as a thematic grouping by the artist and can be displayed as an installation on one wall as well as separately.</span></p><p><b> </b></p><p><span>A prolific draftsman, Condo has produced and continues to produce vast quantities of drawings. Many are conceived as studies for paintings, serving as a forum through which to explore recurring characters, identities and themes, while others stand simply as studies or experimentations: exercises in technique or procedure. Whereas some of the drawings in Tate’s collection – such as </span><i>Reading by Candlelight </i><span>1994 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-reading-by-candlelight-t14696\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14696</span></a>) or </span><i>Study for Metamorphosis </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-metamorphosis-t14705\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14705</span></a>) – are sketched onto pages torn from notebooks with rough, hurried marks, others are built up with colour and texture. </span><i>Dispersed Figures and Lines</i><span> 1996 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-dispersed-figures-and-lines-t14722\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14722</span></a>) and </span><i>Colored Dream Objects</i><span> 1995 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-colored-dream-objects-t14726\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14726</span></a>) are largely abstract, composed of distorted shapes and lines that meet to form pockets of brightly coloured paint. Others are figurative, depicting human and animal characters that meet in strange and unsettling scenarios.</span></p><p><span>Condo studied at Lowell University in Massachusetts between 1976 and 1978 at the request of his father, who acted as a professor of physics and calculus in the university’s mathematics department. Despite not wanting to submit to the formal structure of college art education, it nonetheless provided the opportunity to begin an in-depth investigation of classical art history. The artist has said: ‘I took basic art history, but the most instructive class I had was on Baroque and Rococo painting. I did coloured pencil copies of Caravaggios – really cheesy proto-Pop Bic pen copies.’ (Quoted in Enright 2003, p.24.) Following his move to New York’s East Village in the early 1980s, Condo continued to reinvent the past in new ways, nicknaming his first adult painting, </span><i>The Madonna </i><span>1982, ‘a fake Tiepolo’ in reverence to Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770) (Hayward Gallery 2011, p.11). A move to Paris in 1985, where he lived intermittently for a decade, offered a new wealth of learning opportunities.</span></p><p><span>With a rich and consummate knowledge of European and American art history and popular culture, Condo’s drawings incorporate a strange and wonderful itinerary of visual influences. Motifs drawn from surrealism, abstract expressionism and pop sit happily alongside the cubism of Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), while the spirit of Renaissance and Baroque masters Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Diego Velázquez (1599–1660) is re-appropriated alongside cartoons from Loony Tunes to Walt Disney. A deeply hybrid practice, Condo’s work is as connected to a European past as it is to the American present. Ralph Rugoff, curator of Condo’s retrospective at the Hayward Gallery in London in 2011 has described him as ‘liberated’ by history, rather than ‘burdened’ by it (ibid).</span></p><p><span>Filled with a cast of curious and grotesque characters – many of whom harbour a life of their own in the artist’s painted world – Condo’s work provokes a mixed emotional response from the viewer. His theatrical visions offer up profoundly peculiar tragi-comic beings who simultaneously elicit both pity and revulsion, pushing the boundaries of the understood and the acceptable. While Condo’s work is often conflicted, however, it almost always contains an element of comedy. Humour – at times subtle, at others crude and glaring – is used as a conceptual tool, destabilising the gravitas of art history and imbuing old tropes with new meaning. The artist has said: ‘My objective is to portray the strangeness I feel, and the strangeness I see is the strangeness around me’ (Enright 2003, p.24).</span></p><p><span>Some of the drawings in Tate’s collection incorporate recognisable characters from popular culture, re-envisaged with new meaning in comic situations. </span><i>Batman and Playboy Bunny</i><span> 2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-batman-and-playboy-bunny-t14692\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14692</span></a>) presents a tongue-in-cheek morning-after scenario, coupling together two giants of the magazine industry. The comic book superhero stands in full costume under a hotel sign with a dishevelled bunny at his side: an amusing post-liaison shaming perhaps, or a shyly concealed secret love affair. The same sign also appears in another work from the same year, </span><i>Study for the Housekeeper’s Day Off </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-the-housekeepers-day-off-t14693\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14693</span></a>), in which a manic-faced employee sits slumped against a wall, drowning the horrors of the week, the establishment or a dalliance of her own, perhaps, with an already upturned bottle.</span></p><p><span>Others in the group feature characters invented by the artist himself who have since come to exist as family members in his complex painterly society. Uncle Joe, the subject of a major painting from 2005 with leg outstretched and cigarettes and bottle to hand, is pictured here in various states of imagining in two preliminary sketches, </span><i>Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-uncle-joe-t14701\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14701</span></a>) and </span><i>Schematic Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-schematic-study-for-uncle-joe-t14702\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14702</span></a>), both from 2005; the latter filled with scribbled comments that reveal the artist’s precise plans for colour and composition. The ‘Antipodal Beings’ that came to prominence in his work shortly before the turn of the millennium are also visible here in </span><i>Antipodal Being </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-antipodal-being-t14715\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14715</span></a>) and </span><i>Outer Antipodes</i><span> (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-outer-antipodes-t14718\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14718</span></a>), both from 1996, demonstrating the continuity of his ideology and themes across a range of media.</span></p><p><span>In </span><i>Study for Portrait of Dakis and Maurizio </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-portrait-of-dakis-and-maurizio-t14706\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14706</span></a>) we are presented with an individual prised from the realms of real life: the Italian-born, New York-based artist Maurizio Cattelan (born 1960). Having contributed to Cattelan’s programme for </span><i>The Wrong Gallery</i><span> – a tiny exhibition space temporarily relocated from Manhattan to Tate Modern, London, which was conceived, directed and launched by Cattelan in 2005 – Condo presents his friend in comic fashion, with a troubling squint and a carrot extending through his head from ear to ear. Visible inside his mouth is a cantankerous-looking Dakis Joannou, a Greek collector and great supporter of Cattelan’s work, who appears to be causing the artist much discomfort from his strange internal position. </span><i>Curtain Design for the Ballet of Monte Carlo </i><span>2000 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-curtain-design-for-the-ballet-of-monte-carlo-t14714\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14714</span></a>), which depicts a number of dancers in brightly coloured costumes adopting theatrical poses, is similarly grounded in Condo’s real-life experience, relating to a group of works produced in conjunction with his role as scenographer for </span><i>Opus 40 </i><span>with the Monte Carlo Ballet.</span></p><p><span>Condo is known for his portraits of women with strange, contorted faces. </span><i>Family </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-family-t14720\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14720</span></a>) reveals the variation in Condo’s treatment of the female figure: at times tender and maternal, at others fierce and consuming. </span><i>Alone on a Hill </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-alone-on-a-hill-t14732\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14732</span></a>) and </span><i>The Young Executive </i><span>2003 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-young-executive-t14733\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14733</span></a>) equally show the diverse ways in which the male form is portrayed: one a peculiar individual with a monstrous expression lost in his thoughts; the other a portrait of naïve stupidity. </span><i>Casino Sketch </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-casino-sketch-t14703\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14703</span></a>), jotted onto a piece of paper taken from Mohegan Sun – the second largest casino in the United States – reveals the artist’s characteristic sexual intrigue. Through a rather unsettling voyeuristic act, we are reminded of the many potential vices of the gambling world.</span></p><p><span>As much as the drawings make use of humour, they also exude seriousness and sincerity, indicating both the deep respect that Condo holds for his artistic sources and the way in which his refined visual literacy enables him to reveal unsettling and deeply profound aspects of our own internal characters. The figure in </span><i>Study of Older Woman </i><span>2004 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-of-older-woman-t14699\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14699</span></a>), for example, executed in a ‘fake’ Renaissance style, ishaunting with its emotive gesture and hollowed-out eyes, while </span><i>Faustian Moment </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-faustian-moment-t14721\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14721</span></a>) conveys the all too real familiarity and ominous depths of our own darkest moral battles. Sketched onto paper in vivid blue pen, </span><i>Head Study </i><span>1992 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-head-study-t14697\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14697</span></a>) – a piece of paper marked with the address 47 Park Street, the hotel that Condo lived at in London during that year – depicts a curly-haired gentleman, mouth wide open in a characteristic display of fear or horror. In typical Condoesque fashion, </span><i>The Three Graces </i><span>1997 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-three-graces-t14694\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14694</span></a>) reinvents classical mythology for the modern age with equal measures of reverence and mimicry.</span></p><p><span>Distinctly individual drawings, as well as integral and interrelated components of a larger whole, these drawings act in unison. Arranged in an organic grid-like formation, carefully designed and compositionally balanced by the artist, they reveal the vast breath of Condo’s work, and the way in which his practice is informed – as well as liberated – by a deep and meaningful understanding of both the past and present.</span></p><p><b>Further reading</b><br/><span>Robert Enright, ‘The Undiscovered Familiar: The Art of George Condo’, </span><i>Border Crossings</i><span>, vol.22, May 2003, pp.18–34.</span><br/><i>George Condo: La Civilisation Perdue (The Lost Civilisation)</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Fondation Dina Vierny-Musée Maillol, Paris, April–August 2009.</span><br/><i>George Condo: Mental States</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Hayward Gallery, London, October 2011–January 2012.</span></p><p><span>Hannah Dewar</span><br/><span>December 2012</span></p><div></div></div>",
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"content": "<div><div></div><p><span>This is one of a large group of drawings in Tate’s collection by the American artist George Condo, produced between 1976 and 2009. They are executed in a variety of media – including graphite, pen, ink, pastel, charcoal, coloured pencil, watercolour and acrylic paint on paper – and vary in scale from small to large. Some of the drawings are monochromatic while others include colour, introduced as bursts and washes to add depth and intensity. Although the drawings depict a wide range of subjects in varying styles and were produced at different points across a thirty-year period, they are conceived as a thematic grouping by the artist and can be displayed as an installation on one wall as well as separately.</span></p><p><b> </b></p><p><span>A prolific draftsman, Condo has produced and continues to produce vast quantities of drawings. Many are conceived as studies for paintings, serving as a forum through which to explore recurring characters, identities and themes, while others stand simply as studies or experimentations: exercises in technique or procedure. Whereas some of the drawings in Tate’s collection – such as </span><i>Reading by Candlelight </i><span>1994 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-reading-by-candlelight-t14696\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14696</span></a>) or </span><i>Study for Metamorphosis </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-metamorphosis-t14705\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14705</span></a>) – are sketched onto pages torn from notebooks with rough, hurried marks, others are built up with colour and texture. </span><i>Dispersed Figures and Lines</i><span> 1996 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-dispersed-figures-and-lines-t14722\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14722</span></a>) and </span><i>Colored Dream Objects</i><span> 1995 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-colored-dream-objects-t14726\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14726</span></a>) are largely abstract, composed of distorted shapes and lines that meet to form pockets of brightly coloured paint. Others are figurative, depicting human and animal characters that meet in strange and unsettling scenarios.</span></p><p><span>Condo studied at Lowell University in Massachusetts between 1976 and 1978 at the request of his father, who acted as a professor of physics and calculus in the university’s mathematics department. Despite not wanting to submit to the formal structure of college art education, it nonetheless provided the opportunity to begin an in-depth investigation of classical art history. The artist has said: ‘I took basic art history, but the most instructive class I had was on Baroque and Rococo painting. I did coloured pencil copies of Caravaggios – really cheesy proto-Pop Bic pen copies.’ (Quoted in Enright 2003, p.24.) Following his move to New York’s East Village in the early 1980s, Condo continued to reinvent the past in new ways, nicknaming his first adult painting, </span><i>The Madonna </i><span>1982, ‘a fake Tiepolo’ in reverence to Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770) (Hayward Gallery 2011, p.11). A move to Paris in 1985, where he lived intermittently for a decade, offered a new wealth of learning opportunities.</span></p><p><span>With a rich and consummate knowledge of European and American art history and popular culture, Condo’s drawings incorporate a strange and wonderful itinerary of visual influences. Motifs drawn from surrealism, abstract expressionism and pop sit happily alongside the cubism of Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), while the spirit of Renaissance and Baroque masters Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and Diego Velázquez (1599–1660) is re-appropriated alongside cartoons from Loony Tunes to Walt Disney. A deeply hybrid practice, Condo’s work is as connected to a European past as it is to the American present. Ralph Rugoff, curator of Condo’s retrospective at the Hayward Gallery in London in 2011 has described him as ‘liberated’ by history, rather than ‘burdened’ by it (ibid).</span></p><p><span>Filled with a cast of curious and grotesque characters – many of whom harbour a life of their own in the artist’s painted world – Condo’s work provokes a mixed emotional response from the viewer. His theatrical visions offer up profoundly peculiar tragi-comic beings who simultaneously elicit both pity and revulsion, pushing the boundaries of the understood and the acceptable. While Condo’s work is often conflicted, however, it almost always contains an element of comedy. Humour – at times subtle, at others crude and glaring – is used as a conceptual tool, destabilising the gravitas of art history and imbuing old tropes with new meaning. The artist has said: ‘My objective is to portray the strangeness I feel, and the strangeness I see is the strangeness around me’ (Enright 2003, p.24).</span></p><p><span>Some of the drawings in Tate’s collection incorporate recognisable characters from popular culture, re-envisaged with new meaning in comic situations. </span><i>Batman and Playboy Bunny</i><span> 2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-batman-and-playboy-bunny-t14692\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14692</span></a>) presents a tongue-in-cheek morning-after scenario, coupling together two giants of the magazine industry. The comic book superhero stands in full costume under a hotel sign with a dishevelled bunny at his side: an amusing post-liaison shaming perhaps, or a shyly concealed secret love affair. The same sign also appears in another work from the same year, </span><i>Study for the Housekeeper’s Day Off </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-the-housekeepers-day-off-t14693\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14693</span></a>), in which a manic-faced employee sits slumped against a wall, drowning the horrors of the week, the establishment or a dalliance of her own, perhaps, with an already upturned bottle.</span></p><p><span>Others in the group feature characters invented by the artist himself who have since come to exist as family members in his complex painterly society. Uncle Joe, the subject of a major painting from 2005 with leg outstretched and cigarettes and bottle to hand, is pictured here in various states of imagining in two preliminary sketches, </span><i>Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-uncle-joe-t14701\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14701</span></a>) and </span><i>Schematic Study for Uncle Joe </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-schematic-study-for-uncle-joe-t14702\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14702</span></a>), both from 2005; the latter filled with scribbled comments that reveal the artist’s precise plans for colour and composition. The ‘Antipodal Beings’ that came to prominence in his work shortly before the turn of the millennium are also visible here in </span><i>Antipodal Being </i><span>(Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-antipodal-being-t14715\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14715</span></a>) and </span><i>Outer Antipodes</i><span> (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-outer-antipodes-t14718\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14718</span></a>), both from 1996, demonstrating the continuity of his ideology and themes across a range of media.</span></p><p><span>In </span><i>Study for Portrait of Dakis and Maurizio </i><span>2006 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-for-portrait-of-dakis-and-maurizio-t14706\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14706</span></a>) we are presented with an individual prised from the realms of real life: the Italian-born, New York-based artist Maurizio Cattelan (born 1960). Having contributed to Cattelan’s programme for </span><i>The Wrong Gallery</i><span> – a tiny exhibition space temporarily relocated from Manhattan to Tate Modern, London, which was conceived, directed and launched by Cattelan in 2005 – Condo presents his friend in comic fashion, with a troubling squint and a carrot extending through his head from ear to ear. Visible inside his mouth is a cantankerous-looking Dakis Joannou, a Greek collector and great supporter of Cattelan’s work, who appears to be causing the artist much discomfort from his strange internal position. </span><i>Curtain Design for the Ballet of Monte Carlo </i><span>2000 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-curtain-design-for-the-ballet-of-monte-carlo-t14714\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14714</span></a>), which depicts a number of dancers in brightly coloured costumes adopting theatrical poses, is similarly grounded in Condo’s real-life experience, relating to a group of works produced in conjunction with his role as scenographer for </span><i>Opus 40 </i><span>with the Monte Carlo Ballet.</span></p><p><span>Condo is known for his portraits of women with strange, contorted faces. </span><i>Family </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-family-t14720\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14720</span></a>) reveals the variation in Condo’s treatment of the female figure: at times tender and maternal, at others fierce and consuming. </span><i>Alone on a Hill </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-alone-on-a-hill-t14732\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14732</span></a>) and </span><i>The Young Executive </i><span>2003 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-young-executive-t14733\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14733</span></a>) equally show the diverse ways in which the male form is portrayed: one a peculiar individual with a monstrous expression lost in his thoughts; the other a portrait of naïve stupidity. </span><i>Casino Sketch </i><span>2005 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-casino-sketch-t14703\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14703</span></a>), jotted onto a piece of paper taken from Mohegan Sun – the second largest casino in the United States – reveals the artist’s characteristic sexual intrigue. Through a rather unsettling voyeuristic act, we are reminded of the many potential vices of the gambling world.</span></p><p><span>As much as the drawings make use of humour, they also exude seriousness and sincerity, indicating both the deep respect that Condo holds for his artistic sources and the way in which his refined visual literacy enables him to reveal unsettling and deeply profound aspects of our own internal characters. The figure in </span><i>Study of Older Woman </i><span>2004 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-study-of-older-woman-t14699\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14699</span></a>), for example, executed in a ‘fake’ Renaissance style, ishaunting with its emotive gesture and hollowed-out eyes, while </span><i>Faustian Moment </i><span>2007 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-faustian-moment-t14721\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14721</span></a>) conveys the all too real familiarity and ominous depths of our own darkest moral battles. Sketched onto paper in vivid blue pen, </span><i>Head Study </i><span>1992 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-head-study-t14697\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14697</span></a>) – a piece of paper marked with the address 47 Park Street, the hotel that Condo lived at in London during that year – depicts a curly-haired gentleman, mouth wide open in a characteristic display of fear or horror. In typical Condoesque fashion, </span><i>The Three Graces </i><span>1997 (Tate <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/condo-the-three-graces-t14694\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T14694</span></a>) reinvents classical mythology for the modern age with equal measures of reverence and mimicry.</span></p><p><span>Distinctly individual drawings, as well as integral and interrelated components of a larger whole, these drawings act in unison. Arranged in an organic grid-like formation, carefully designed and compositionally balanced by the artist, they reveal the vast breath of Condo’s work, and the way in which his practice is informed – as well as liberated – by a deep and meaningful understanding of both the past and present.</span></p><p><b>Further reading</b><br/><span>Robert Enright, ‘The Undiscovered Familiar: The Art of George Condo’, </span><i>Border Crossings</i><span>, vol.22, May 2003, pp.18–34.</span><br/><i>George Condo: La Civilisation Perdue (The Lost Civilisation)</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Fondation Dina Vierny-Musée Maillol, Paris, April–August 2009.</span><br/><i>George Condo: Mental States</i><span>, exhibition catalogue, Hayward Gallery, London, October 2011–January 2012.</span></p><p><span>Hannah Dewar</span><br/><span>December 2012</span></p><div></div></div>",
"display_name": "Summary",
"publication_date": "2024-05-31T00:00:00",
"slug_name": "summary",
"type": "SHORT_TEXT"
}
] | [
"actions: expressive",
"actions: postures and motions",
"adults",
"body",
"caricature",
"cartoon / comic strip",
"education, science and learning",
"emotions, concepts and ideas",
"formal qualities",
"grimacing",
"head / face",
"humour",
"inscriptions",
"laughing",
"looking up",
"people",
"physiognomy",
"printed text",
"psychology",
"social comment",
"society",
"symbols and personifications",
"universal concepts",
"woman"
] | null | false | 177 92 93 847 16105 149 793 615 5443 166 6701 1696 7002 9326 11205 158 30 167 | false | artwork |
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