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a hypothetical situation which can be used in an argument for skepticism about a particular claim or class of claims | Skeptical scenarios | science done by fashion models | 10,526 |
Phenomenal properties | experiental properties | Astounding, exceptional properties | 9,718 |
dispositive | institutions or something that define society and its related contents. | Foucault punish and surveillance | 1,790 |
stipulative definition | a definition that gives meaning to the defined term, and without commitment that the meaning agrees with prior uses | the definition of the term "stipulative" | 9,061 |
a supererogatory act | a moral action that is optional and not required | a supererogatory show | 9,060 |
sorites paradox | paradox of the heap | twin paradox | 849 |
The Look in Sartre | Objectifying Gaze | Sartre's characters' Fashion and Style | 7,677 |
scanlon's contractualism | ethics based on principles that others cannot reasonably reject | ethics based on what others want | 402 |
how do I know others have minds | problem of other minds | hard problem of consciousness | 8,730 |
The view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact | Agnosticism | Due legal process | 9,986 |
reference of a propositions | what a proposition refers to in reality | how reference is used in propositions | 4,901 |
NP-complete | nondeterministic polynomial-time complete | decision problem | 4,645 |
Contingent proposition | Statement that is possibly true and possibly false | Option to act if an opportunity presents itself | 1,388 |
epistemological voluntarism | the opposite of doxastic involuntarism | political voluntarism | 582 |
consciousness | qualia | phenomena | 1,007 |
Felicific calculus | Utilitarianism | Goodness of fit | 7,310 |
evil demon | external world skepticism | devil | 3,117 |
Surprise exam paradox | The result that there cannot be a surprise exam under some assumptions | The paradox of how to write a surprise exam | 4,853 |
grounding | constitutive explanation | training | 1,486 |
Argument | Consists of one or more premises and one conclusion | Discussion | 9,204 |
just war | a war that it is morally justified | something that is merely a war | 4,036 |
defeater | some reason or evidence the possession of which takes away the justification for a belief | winner | 1,816 |
Anti-luminosity | The view that the knowledge does not entail knowledge of knowledge | Being against lights | 710 |
physicalism iff materialism | materialism is another way of saying physicalism | physicalism implies materialism | 342 |
final cause | telos | last cause in a sequence of causes | 5,927 |
valid | an argument whose conclusion is entailed by its premises | true | 3,486 |
Humean laws | Laws are best summaries of the mosaic | Humean causation | 8,001 |
you can act freely even if you couldn't act otherwise | compatibilism is true | you can act freely even if you don't enjoy it | 10,168 |
autopoiesis | self-organising systems | self-creating systems | 3,724 |
Cartesian Dualism | Substance Dualism | Dualism about cart | 424 |
Epistemic reason | A factor for or against a particular belief | The epistemology of reasons | 1,994 |
material theory of induction | inductions are warranted by local facts | inference to the best explanation | 6,632 |
generative AI | artificial intelligence models that generate new content such as text or images | machine learning | 8,924 |
The axiom of choice | The premise that a Cartesian product of a collection of non-empty sets is non-empty | The axiom according to which choice is very important | 4,209 |
Brain in a vat | how can one know they're not just a brain in a vat | where brains are stored | 8,562 |
Supplication | Prayer | Agreement | 3,868 |
“Nothing noths” | Verificationist punching bag | “Something something” | 3,016 |
game theory | study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents | philosophy of sport | 11,273 |
induction | generalization | prediction | 6,970 |
informal logic | the study of reasoning without formal systems | casual logic | 3,876 |
evolved | the product of natural selection | thoughtful | 7,731 |
Monism | The Philosophical position that there is only a single substance. | Sameness | 1,429 |
Aristotle's hylomorphism | Aristotle on form and matter | mind and body | 4,432 |
substitution of identicals | substitution of coreferring expressions salva veritate | changing disguise and identity | 4,835 |
Being good | Being ethical | Being nice | 7,356 |
What Mengzi thinks is revealed by King Xuan sparing the ox | that everyone has the seeds of concern for others within them | that even animals can suffer and deserve moral consideration | 24 |
epiphenomenalism | caused but having no effect | substance dualism | 9,407 |
conservatism | standpoint sceptical of abstract reasoning in politics, appeals instead to living tradition, allowing for possibility of limited political reform | environmentalism | 9,174 |
Hyperbolic doubt | Radical doubt | Paranoia | 2,026 |
Panpsychism | Mind in all matter | Pan frying | 3,288 |
practical necessity | agential necessity | almost necessary | 5,677 |
anthropomorphization | Giving human traits to non-humans and even God | God doesn't need to our good works | 10,233 |
Kant's Ethics | Deontology | Consequentialism | 8,174 |
Utilitarianism | Consequentialism | Deontology | 4,436 |
The right to life | human rights | Human left | 11,759 |
correspondence theory | A statement is true only if it corresponds to a fact or reality | Theory of written communication | 1,879 |
genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics | gene | 9,549 |
Axiology | The study of worth or what's good. | Axiomatic | 9,597 |
eliminative materialism | a view opposed to folk psychology | clearance sale materialism | 3,496 |
from contradiction, anything follows | Principle of explosion | from contradiction, nothing follows | 10,538 |
moral patient | the state of being eligible for moral consideration by a moral agent | an ethical individual who is receiving care from a health professional | 8,611 |
counterfactual | subjunctive conditional | hypothetical | 4,323 |
qualia | qualitative properties of experience | quiddities | 11,138 |
Antoine Arnauld's criticism of Descartes | The Cartesian Circle | Circular motion | 8,088 |
legal positivism | human beings create law | lex naturae | 10,376 |
meaning | semantic value | meanness | 193 |
property dualism | experience and material are separate properties of the body | materialism | 3,525 |
accidental property | nonessential property | chance inheritance | 8,160 |
the consequence argument | argument for incompatibilism | argument for consequentialism | 3,464 |
collective agency | collective action | group | 6,516 |
Completely metrizable space | A topological space such that there exists a compatible metric that is complete | Complete metric space | 9,909 |
public reason | public justification | publicity | 2,219 |
hyperintensional context | context in which necessarily equivalent expressions cannot be substituted salva veritate | context in which people form super intentions | 1,833 |
Wittgenstein's ladder | A metaphor about learning: we climb it and throw it away | The ladder Joseph Wittgenstein used when building his house | 6,175 |
phenomenal world | The world as it appears to be | extraordinary aspects of the universe | 10,687 |
coincident objects | Lumpl and Goliath | David and Caesar | 7,969 |
intervening luck | the luck in Gettier problems | between luck | 6,382 |
Mathematical entities are abstract. | The sets as defined by the set theory are purely imaginary. | Numbers are concrete things. | 10,263 |
norm of assertion | the conditions under which one has justification in asserting something | what it is normal to assert | 5,302 |
mentalese | language of thought | japanese | 998 |
contingent | not necessary | dependent | 11,037 |
prescriptivist ethics | study of what we should do | prescription moral | 4,087 |
social | collective | total | 9,795 |
treat others as ends | formula of humanity | golden rule | 8,799 |
entitlement | right | arrogance | 6,861 |
impure relative identity Trinitarianism | a theory of the Trinity that says the divine persons can be the same God without being identical | a theory of the Trinity which compromises the orthodox doctrine by allowing the identity relations between the persons to be relative | 3,244 |
conscious being | sentient being | conscientious being | 6,462 |
Reductionism | Complex facts can be reduced to simpler facts | A reductive approach | 6,299 |
epistemic contextualism | knowledge ascription claims are relative to context | epistemic relativism | 9,606 |
A luminous condition | A condition where anyone who is in it can tell that they're in it | A condition that helps understand important things | 1,876 |
Authoritarianism | All powerful government | Parents authority | 2,186 |
phenomenal consciousness | what-it-is-like-ness | amazing experiences | 2,045 |
Transworld Identity | the same object exists in more than one possible world | Transgender Identity | 3,628 |
Searle's Chinese Room | a thought experiment which shows computer cannot have consciousness | Searle went to China | 5,503 |
disposition | dispositional property | habit | 7,994 |
Grounded Naturalism | All moral facts are fully grounded in non-normative facts | The view that nature has grounds | 2,659 |
Compatibilism | Doctrine that free will and determinism do not contradict each other | Free will determines causal chains of behaviour | 6,181 |
doxastic wronging | hurting someone by virtue of your beliefs | forming beliefs about what's wrong | 1,829 |
Inferential reliability | Reasoning dependability | Observational reliability | 5,908 |
credence | confidence | doctrine | 9,244 |
Subsets and Splits