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Over the Garden Wall - wikipedia <H1> Over the Garden Wall </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Over the Garden Wall ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Over the Garden Wall </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dark fantasy </Li> <Li> Adventure </Li> <Li> Comedy - drama </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Patrick McHale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Tome of the Unknown ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nick Cross ( art ) </Li> <Li> Robert Alvarez , Larry Leichliter , Eddy Houchins , and Ken Bruce ( animation ) </Li> <Li> Nate Cash ( supervising ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Creative director ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nate Cash ( episodes 1 -- 6 ) </Li> <Li> Bert Youn ( episodes 7 -- 10 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voices of </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elijah Wood </Li> <Li> Collin Dean </Li> <Li> Melanie Lynskey </Li> <Li> Christopher Lloyd </Li> <Li> Jack Jones </Li> <Li> Samuel Ramey </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Blasting Company </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 10 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Patrick McHale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pernelle Hayes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 110 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Cartoon Network Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Cartoon Network </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> HDTV ( 1080i ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stereo ( Original broadcast ) </Li> <Li> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> November 3 ( 2014 - 11 - 03 ) -- November 7 , 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Over the Garden Wall is an American animated television miniseries created by Patrick McHale for Cartoon Network . The series centers on two half - brothers who travel across a strange forest in order to find their way home , encountering odd and wonderful things on their journey . The show is based on McHale 's animated short film Tome of the Unknown , which was produced as part of Cartoon Network Studios ' shorts development program . The show features Elijah Wood and Collin Dean as the protagonists Wirt and Greg , and Melanie Lynskey as a bluebird named Beatrice . Over the Garden Wall was broadcast throughout the week of November 3 , 2014 to November 7 , 2014 . </P> <P> The show marked the first miniseries on the network , which commenced its production in March 2014 . McHale first envisioned the show in 2004 , and pitched it to the network in 2006 . After working on The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack and Adventure Time , the network expressed interest in McHale pitching a pilot . That pilot became the catalyst for Over the Garden Wall . Production of the show was largely handled in Burbank , California , but many of the show 's storyboard artists worked from other U.S. cities , while the program 's animation was outsourced to South Korea . The series ' environment evokes 19th - and 20th - century Americana , while its digital backgrounds are designed to resemble grisaille paintings . </P> <P> Upon its debut , the series received critical acclaim from television critics , with praise focusing on its mood and characters . In 2015 , the series won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program . Outside of the series , a one - shot comic book adaptation penned by McHale has been produced , with four further issues commissioned . This was eventually expanded into an ongoing series . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Final chapters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Production </Li> <Li> 3 Cast <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main voices </Li> <Li> 3.2 Various voices </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Pilot ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 Miniseries ( 2014 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 6 Music </Li> <Li> 7 Home media </Li> <Li> 8 Reception <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 8.2 Awards and nominations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Comic book adaptation </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series follows two half - brothers , Wirt and Greg ( voiced by Elijah Wood and Collin Dean respectively ) , who become lost in a strange forest called the Unknown . In order to find their way home , the two must travel across the seemingly supernatural forest with the occasional help of the wandering , mysterious and elderly Woodsman ( Christopher Lloyd ) and Beatrice ( Melanie Lynskey ) , an irritable bluebird who travels with the boys in order to find a woman called Adelaide , who can supposedly undo the curse on Beatrice and her family and show the half - brothers the way home . </P> <P> Wirt , the older brother , is a worry - prone teenager and would rather keep to himself than have to make a decision . His three passions are the clarinet , poetry , and architecture but he keeps this private out of fear of being mocked . On the other hand , Greg , the younger brother , is all about play and being carefree , much to Wirt 's chagrin and the danger to himself and others . Greg carries a frog ( Jack Jones ) , whose name is undetermined and who can communicate only through singing . Stalking the main cast is the Beast ( Samuel Ramey ) , an ancient creature who leads lost souls astray until they lose their hope and willpower and turn into `` Edelwood trees '' . </P> <H3> Final chapters ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the final two episodes , it is revealed that Wirt and Greg are actually two boys from the modern era . Wirt and Greg 's strange appearance stems from the fact that the night they entered the Unknown was Halloween . Wirt , attempting to take back an embarrassing poetry tape he made for a girl he likes , had followed her to a graveyard scary story gathering before a police officer scared him and Greg into jumping over the cemetery 's garden wall . On the other side of the wall , they landed on train tracks where Greg was almost hit by a train . Wirt pushed them both off a hill into a lake / river in an attempt to save him , knocking them both unconscious in the process and sending them to a Limbo - like realm between life and death . </P> <P> At the end of the last episode , Wirt and Greg wake up in a hospital , with Greg telling a story but being cut off before we can hear what it 's about . As the scene ends , Greg 's frog begins to glow , due to having eaten a magic bell in The Unknown , suggesting that there was at least some physical aspect to the story . The series ends with a slow montage of how Wirt and Greg affected the inhabitants of the Unknown . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Over the Garden Wall was first envisioned in 2004 with a scarier and more adventure - based storyline . Before working as a storyboard artist on The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack , artist Patrick McHale pitched the show in 2006 , then known under the title Tome of the Unknown . The series would follow two brothers -- Walter and Gregory -- who , after signing themselves into a Faustian deal with a devil named Old Scratch , journey across the Land of the In - Between to track down the pages of a book of forgotten stories . </P> <P> McHale saw it as `` a possible Halloween special '' , but had trouble adapting the premise with a larger story arc . After his work for Flapjack , McHale moved on to co-develop Adventure Time , where he served as creative director , and subsequently as a writer . The network later asked him if he had interest in developing a pilot , which led to him returning to Tome of the Unknown , polishing it and pitching it again to the network . After creating a pilot episode , Tome of the Unknown : Harvest Melody , McHale and the network settled upon the miniseries format for the ensuing series , as McHale felt that it would lead to `` something that felt higher quality than what we could do with a regular series '' . McHale abandoned the original idea centered around chapters of a mystical tome and the series ' title became Over the Garden Wall . </P> <P> Production for Over the Garden Wall commenced in March 2014 . McHale initially envisioned eighteen chapters in the series , but the episode count was brought to ten to accommodate budget and time constraints . Early drafts of episodes from the show 's pitch bible included a skinless witch character and a villain who carves dice from the bones of kidnapped children , as well a running plot throughout four episodes in which Wirt and Gregory are transformed into animals ( Gregory being a duck and Wirt being `` either a bear or a dog ... Nobody can tell which '' ) . </P> <P> The ten episodes marked the first miniseries on the Cartoon Network . The show features Wood ( reprising his role from the short ) , Lynskey , and Dean as the main voice cast . McHale and his crew tried to maintain a balance between frightening imagery and `` episodes that are just light and funny '' . For the music , McHale drew inspiration from `` classic American , opera singing '' . Nick Cross served as art director and Nate Cash as supervising director ; both worked with McHale alongside storyboard artists located in New York and Chicago . This distance proved difficult for McHale , who found it `` particularly daunting considering the idiosyncratic nature of the production '' . </P> <P> The series ' art was inspired by a variety of sources , including the 1890s McLoughlin Brothers board game Game of Frog Pond , illustrations by Gustave Doré for Cervantes 's Don Quixote , old illustrations for the Hans Christian Andersen story `` The Tinderbox '' , the Cheshire Cat illustration by John Tenniel from Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland , and the `` Dogville Comedies '' short films . McHale referenced chromolithography , vintage Halloween postcards , magic lantern slides , and photographs of New England foliage to create the show 's style . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Greg and Wirt , two half - brothers who act as the miniseries ' main protagonists , along with Beatrice the bluebird and Greg 's pet frog . Main article : List of Over the Garden Wall characters <H3> Main voices ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Elijah Wood as Wirt </Li> <Li> Collin Dean as Gregory ( Greg ) </Li> <Li> Melanie Lynskey as Beatrice </Li> <Li> Christopher Lloyd as the Woodsman </Li> <Li> Jack Jones as Greg 's Frog </Li> <Li> Samuel Ramey as

The woodsman in Over the Garden Wall is played by

Who plays the woodsman in over the garden wall?

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Code talker - wikipedia <H1> Code talker </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 18 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search `` Codetalkers '' redirects here . For the band , see The Codetalkers . For the Metal Gear Solid V : The Phantom Pain character , see list of characters in the Metal Gear series § Code Talker . Choctaw soldiers in training in World War I for coded radio and telephone transmissions <P> Code talkers are people in the 20th century who used obscure languages as a means of secret communication during wartime . The term is now usually associated with the United States soldiers during the world wars who used their knowledge of Native American languages as a basis to transmit coded messages . In particular , there were approximately 400 -- 500 Native Americans in the United States Marine Corps whose primary job was the transmission of secret tactical messages . Code talkers transmitted these messages over military telephone or radio communications nets using formal or informally developed codes built upon their native languages . Their service improved the speed of encryption of communications at both ends in front line operations during World War II . </P> <P> The name code talkers is strongly associated with bilingual Navajo speakers specially recruited during World War II by the Marines to serve in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater . Code talking , however , was pioneered by Cherokee and Choctaw Indians during World War I . </P> <P> Other Native American code talkers were deployed by the United States Army during World War II , including Lakota , Meskwaki , and Comanche soldiers . Soldiers of Basque ancestry were also used for code talking by the U.S. Marines during World War II in areas where other Basque speakers were not expected to be operating . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Assiniboine code talkers </Li> <Li> 2 Basque code talkers </Li> <Li> 3 Cherokee code talkers </Li> <Li> 4 Choctaw code talkers </Li> <Li> 5 Comanche code talkers </Li> <Li> 6 Hopi Code Talkers </Li> <Li> 7 Meskwaki code talkers </Li> <Li> 8 Navajo code talkers </Li> <Li> 9 Nubian code talkers </Li> <Li> 10 Seminole code talkers </Li> <Li> 11 Welsh code talkers </Li> <Li> 12 Wenzhou code talkers </Li> <Li> 13 Cryptographic properties </Li> <Li> 14 Post-war recognition </Li> <Li> 15 Gallery </Li> <Li> 16 See also </Li> <Li> 17 Notes </Li> <Li> 18 References </Li> <Li> 19 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Assiniboine code talkers ( edit ) </H2> <P> Members of the Assiniboine served as code talkers during World War II , utilizing the Assiniboine language to encrypt communications . The code talkers included Gilbert Horn Sr. , who grew up in the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation of Montana and later became a tribal judge and politician . </P> <H2> Basque code talkers ( edit ) </H2> <P> In November 1952 , Euzko Deya magazine reported that in May 1942 , upon meeting about 60 U.S. Marines of Basque ancestry in a San Francisco camp , Captain Frank D. Carranza conceived the idea of using the Basque language for codes . His superiors were wary as there were known settlements of Basque in the Pacific region . There were 35 Basque Jesuits in Hiroshima , led by Pedro Arrupe . In China and the Philippines , there was a colony of Basque jai alai players , and there were Basque supporters of Falange in Asia . The American Basque code talkers were kept away from these theaters ; they were initially used in tests and in transmitting logistic information for Hawaii and Australia . </P> <P> According to Euzko Deya , on August 1 , 1942 , Lieutenants Nemesio Aguirre , Fernández Bakaicoa and Juanana received a Basque - coded message from San Diego for Admiral Chester Nimitz , warning him of the upcoming Operation Apple to remove the Japanese from the Solomon Islands . They also translated the start date , August 7 , for the attack on Guadalcanal . As the war extended over the Pacific , there was a shortage of Basque speakers and the US military came to prefer the parallel program based on the use of Navajo speakers . </P> <P> In 2017 , Pedro Oiarzabal and Guillermo Tabernilla published a study refuting Euzko Deya 's article . According to Oiarzabal and Tabernilla , they could not find Carranza , Aguirre , Fernández Bakaicoa or Juanana in the NARA or US Army archives . They find a small number of US Marines with Basque surnames , none of them in transmissions . They suggest that Carranza 's story was an OSS operation to raise sympathy for the US intelligence among Basque nationalists . </P> <H2> Cherokee code talkers ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first known use of Native Americans in the American military to transmit messages under fire was a group of Cherokee troops used by the American 30th Infantry Division serving alongside the British during the Second Battle of the Somme . According to the Division Signal Officer , this took place in September 1918 . Their unit was under British command at the time . </P> <H2> Choctaw code talkers ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Choctaw code talkers <P> During World War I , company commander Captain Lawrence of the U.S. Army overheard Solomon Louis and Mitchell Bobb conversing in the Choctaw language . He found eight Choctaw men in the battalion . Eventually , fourteen Choctaw men in the Army 's 36th Infantry Division trained to use their language in code . They helped the American Expeditionary Forces win several key battles in the Meuse - Argonne Offensive in France , during the final large German push of the war . Within 24 hours of the Choctaw language being pressed into service , the tide of the battle had turned . In less than 72 hours , the Germans were retreating and the Allies were in full attack . These soldiers are now known as the Choctaw code talkers . </P> <H2> Comanche code talkers ( edit ) </H2> Comanche code - talkers of the 4th Signal Company ( U.S. Army Signal Center and Ft . Gordon ) Hugh F. Foster Jr. 's Comanche codebook <P> Adolf Hitler knew about the successful use of code talkers during World War I. He sent a team of some thirty anthropologists to the United States to learn Native American languages before the outbreak of World War II . It proved too difficult for them to learn the many languages and dialects that existed . Because of Nazi German anthropologists ' efforts to learn the languages , the U.S. Army did not implement a large - scale code talker program in the European Theater of the war . Fourteen Comanche code talkers did take part in the Invasion of Normandy , and continued to serve in the 4th Infantry Division during additional European operations . Comanche of the 4th Signal Company compiled a vocabulary of over 100 code terms using words or phrases in their own language . Using a substitution method similar to the Navajo , the Comanche code word for tank was `` turtle '' , bomber was `` pregnant airplane '' , machine gun was `` sewing machine '' and Adolf Hitler was referred to as `` crazy white man '' . Two Comanche code - talkers were assigned to each regiment , the rest to 4th Infantry Division headquarters . Shortly after landing on Utah Beach on June 6 , 1944 , the Comanche began transmitting messages . Some were wounded but none killed . </P> <P> In 1989 , the French government awarded the Comanche code - talkers the Chevalier of the National Order of Merit . On November 30 , 1999 , the United States Department of Defense presented Charles Chibitty with the Knowlton Award . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Hopi code talkers ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hopi men served as Code Talkers in World War II . </P> <H2> Meskwaki code talkers ( edit ) </H2> <P> Meskwaki men used their language against the Germans while fighting in the US Army in North Africa . 27 out of then 168 Meskwaki in Iowa enlisted in the U.S. Army together in January 1941 . </P> <H2> Navajo code talkers ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Alphabets ( English ) </Th> <Th> Code Language ( English ) </Th> <Th> Code Language ( Navajo ) </Th> <Th> Modern spelling </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ant </Td> <Td> Wol - la - chee </Td> <Td> Wóláchííʼ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bear </Td> <Td> Shush </Td> <Td> Shash </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cat </Td> <Td> Moasi </Td> <Td> Mósí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Deer </Td> <Td> Be </Td> <Td> Bįįh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Elk </Td> <Td> Dzeh </Td> <Td> Dzeeh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Fox </Td> <Td> Ma - e </Td> <Td> Mąʼii </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Goat </Td> <Td> Klizzie </Td> <Td> Tłʼízí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Horse </Td> <Td> Lin </Td> <Td> Łį́į́ʼ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ice </Td> <Td> Tkin </Td> <Td> Tin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jackass </Td> <Td> Tkele - cho - gi </Td> <Td> Téliichoʼí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kid </Td> <Td> Klizzie - yazzi </Td> <Td> Tłʼízí yázhí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lamb </Td> <Td> Dibeh - yazzi </Td> <Td> Dibé yázhí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mouse </Td> <Td> Na - as - tso - si </Td> <Td> Naʼastsʼǫǫsí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nut </Td> <Td> Nesh - chee </Td> <Td> Neeshchʼííʼ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Owl </Td> <Td> Ne - ash - jah </Td> <Td> Néʼéshjaaʼ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pig </Td> <Td> Bi-sodih </Td> <Td> Bisóodi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Q </Td> <Td> Quiver </Td> <Td> Ca - yeilth </Td> <Td> kʼaaʼ yeiłtįįh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rabbit </Td> <Td> Gah </Td> <Td> Gah </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sheep </Td> <Td> Dibeh </Td> <Td> Dibé </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> Than - zie </Td> <Td> Tązhii </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U </Td> <Td> Ute </Td> <Td> No - da - ih </Td> <Td> Nóódaʼí </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> V </Td> <Td> Victor </Td> <Td> a-keh - di - glini </Td> <Td> Akʼehdidlíní </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Weasel </Td> <Td> Gloe - ih </Td> <Td> Dlǫ́ʼii </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> X </Td> <Td> Cross </Td> <Td> Al - an - as - dzoh </Td> <Td> Ałnáʼázdzoh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> Yucca </Td> <Td> Tsah - as - zih </Td> <Td> Tsáʼásziʼ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Z </Td> <Td> Zinc </Td> <Td> Besh - do - gliz </Td> <Td> Béésh dootłʼizh </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Philip Johnston , a civil engineer for the city of Los Angeles , proposed the use of Navajo to the United States Marine Corps at the beginning of World War II . Johnston , a World War I veteran , was raised on the Navajo reservation as the son of a missionary to the Navajo . He was one of the few non-Navajo who spoke the language fluently . </P> <P> Because Navajo has a complex grammar , it is not nearly mutually intelligible enough with even its closest relatives within the Na - Dene family to provide meaningful information . It was still an unwritten language , and Johnston thought Navajo could satisfy the military requirement for an undecipherable code . Navajo was spoken only on the Navajo lands of the American Southwest . Its syntax and tonal qualities , not to mention dialects , made it unintelligible to anyone without extensive exposure and training . One estimate indicates that at the outbreak of World War II , fewer than 30 non-Navajo could understand the language . </P> Page one of Navajo recommendation letter , 1942 Page two of Navajo recommendation letter , 1942 Code Talkers

Historically, the significance of code talkers has been that they

Historically what has been the significance of code talkers?

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Elizabeth Lail - wikipedia <H1> Elizabeth Lail </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Elizabeth Lail </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Lail on the set of Once Upon A Time in 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Elizabeth Dean Lail ( 1992 - 03 - 25 ) March 25 , 1992 ( age 25 ) Williamson County , Texas , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2011 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Elizabeth Dean Lail ( born March 25 , 1992 ) is an American actress . She is known for her role as Anna in the ABC adventure fantasy television series Once Upon a Time . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Filmography </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lail was born in Williamson County , Texas , to her parents , Dean Franklin Lail and wife Kay Lurene Surratt . She has one older sister . </P> <P> Lail grew up in Asheboro , North Carolina . After graduating from Asheboro High School in 2009 , she attended the University of North Carolina School of the Arts , graduating in May 2014 . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lail mostly worked in student film productions , such as Model Airplane and Without , immediately after graduating from university . She had moved to New York City to pursue stage work when she landed an audition for ABC 's Once Upon a Time , after which she was cast as Anna in the fourth season of the series . Lail was cast in a starring role in the Freeform horror series Dead of Summer playing the role of camp counselor Amy . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Television and film roles <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Model Airplane </Td> <Td> Anna </Td> <Td> Short film ; as Elizabeth Dean Lail </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Without </Td> <Td> Emily </Td> <Td> Short film ; as Elizabeth Dean Lail </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Once Upon a Time </Td> <Td> Anna </Td> <Td> Recurring role ( season 4 ) , 10 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Dead of Summer </Td> <Td> Amy Hughes </Td> <Td> Main role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> The Blacklist </Td> <Td> Natalie Luca </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Natalie Luca '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> You </Td> <Td> Beck </Td> <Td> Upcoming television series ; main role </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Instagram '' . Retrieved October 8 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Person details for Elizabeth Dean Lail '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sisters '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Asheboro native cast as Anna in ABC 's ' Once Upon a Time ' '' . WGHP Fox 8 . July 1 , 2014 . Retrieved September 29 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Michael Logan ( September 18 , 2014 ) . `` Once Upon a Time Gets Frozen When Anna and Elsa Visit Storybrooke '' . TV Guide . Retrieved February 5 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Elizabeth Wagmeister ( February 10 , 2016 ) . `` ' Once Upon a Time ' Alums Elizabeth Mitchell & Elizabeth Lail Cast in Freeform 's ' Dead of Summer ' '' . Variety . Retrieved February 5 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva ; Denise Petski ( July 27 , 2017 ) . `` ' You ' : Elizabeth Lail To Star In Greg Berlanti Lifetime Drama Series , Two Others Cast '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved September 29 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Elizabeth Lail on IMDb </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Lail on Twitter </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Lail&oldid=803026787 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1992 births </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from North Carolina </Li> <Li> American film actresses </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> People from Asheboro , North Carolina </Li> <Li> People from Williamson County , Texas </Li> <Li> University of North Carolina alumni </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use mdy dates from October 2014 </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All articles lacking reliable references </Li> <Li> Articles lacking reliable references from February 2017 </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 30 September 2017 , at 00 : 22 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The role of Anna in Once Upon a Time was played by

Who played anna in once upon a time?

2669025545300498151

main artist or named separately as a featured artist -- being part of a group does not count towards an individual 's total ) . </P> <P> Simply playing or singing on a single without credit will not count , or the top positions would almost certainly belong to session musicians such as Clem Cattini who is reported to have played drums on over 40 number ones . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Elvis Presley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> The Beatles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Cliff Richard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Westlife </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Madonna </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> The Shadows </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Take That </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> ABBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eminem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Calvin Harris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rihanna </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spice Girls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Oasis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Rolling Stones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elton John </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McFly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George Michael </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kylie Minogue </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tinie Tempah </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robbie Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Justin Bieber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Blondie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boyzone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jess Glynne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David Guetta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Queen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sam Smith </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Britney Spears </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rod Stewart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sugababes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> All Saints </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bee Gees </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beyoncé </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Black Eyed Peas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David Bowie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cheryl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> JLS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bruno Mars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ne - Yo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Katy Perry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Police </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dizzee Rascal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flo Rida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ed Sheeran </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> will.i.am </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Progression of the record ( edit ) </H3> <P> Al Martino was the first act to have a number one single , with `` Here in My Heart '' in November 1952 . Seven months later Eddie Fisher became the first act to have two number one singles , with `` I 'm Walking Behind You '' following `` Outside of Heaven '' . In November 1953 Frankie Laine scored a third number one single with `` Answer Me '' and a fourth with `` A Woman in Love '' in October 1956 . In 1960 `` It 's Now or Never '' gave Elvis Presley his fifth number - one single . He increased the record ten times until June 1965 when `` Crying in the Chapel '' became his 15th number one . The Beatles then took the record with a 16th , `` Get Back '' , and 17th , `` The Ballad of John and Yoko '' , their last number one to date . After his death in August 1977 , Elvis scored a 17th chart topper with `` Way Down '' to tie . </P> <P> In 2002 , having been used in a Nike World Cup advertisement , a 1968 Elvis song `` A Little Less Conversation '' was remixed as Elvis vs JXL and went straight to the top for 4 weeks , giving Elvis his 18th number one single . Celebrating the 70th anniversary of his birthday , all of Elvis ' 18 number ones were re-issued in 2005 . Despite being re-issues , they were given different catalogue numbers and therefore count as separate singles , giving Elvis 21 number one singles . </P> <P> ^ Note : The Shadows , or The Drifters as they were originally called , are credited on twelve # 1 singles . Seven of these share credit with Cliff Richard and some lists recognise only their 5 chart - topping singles without Richard . </P> <H2> Most combined weeks at number one on the UK singles Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Weeks at # 1 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Elvis Presley </Td> <Td> 80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Beatles </Td> <Td> 69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cliff Richard </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Shadows </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Frankie Laine </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> ABBA </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Justin Bieber </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Madonna </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Take That </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Drake </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Rihanna </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Ed Sheeran </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elton John </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wet Wet Wet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Spice Girls </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Record - Breakers and Trivia '' . EveryHit.com . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wilson , John . `` Clem Cattini , Britain 's record chart topper , keeps that backbeat going strong at 72 '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Elvis Presley full Official Chart History Official Charts Company '' . Officialcharts.com . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 23 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Most weeks at number one ( edit ) </H2> <P> The record for most non-consecutive weeks at number one is 18 by Frankie Laine 's `` I Believe '' in 1953 . It spent nine weeks at number one , dropped down for a week , returned to number one for six weeks , dropped down for a further week and returned to number one for a third time for three weeks . It is one of five singles to return to number one more than once , the others being `` Singing the Blues '' by Guy Mitchell in 1957 , `` Happy '' by Pharrell Williams in 2014 , `` What Do You Mean ? '' by Justin Bieber in 2015 and `` Despacito '' by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber in 2017 . </P> <P> The longest unbroken run at number one is `` ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You '' by Bryan Adams , which spent 16 consecutive weeks in 1991 . </P> <P> Below is a table of all singles that have spent 10 or more weeks at the top of the charts : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Single </Th> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Weeks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Frankie Laine </Td> <Td> `` I Believe '' * </Td> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> 18 weeks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bryan Adams </Td> <Td> `` ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You '' </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 16 weeks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wet Wet Wet </Td> <Td> `` Love Is All Around '' </Td> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> 15 weeks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Drake ( feat . Wizkid and Kyla ) </Td> <Td> `` One Dance '' </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Queen </Td> <Td> `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' * </Td> <Td> 1975 / 76 & 1991 / 92 </Td> <Td> 14 weeks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ed Sheeran </Td> <Td> `` Shape of You '' * </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Slim Whitman </Td> <Td> `` Rose Marie '' </Td> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> 11 weeks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee ( feat . Justin Bieber ) </Td> <Td> `` Despacito '' * </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> David Whitfield </Td> <Td> `` Cara Mia '' </Td> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> 10 weeks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Whitney Houston </Td> <Td> `` I Will Always Love You '' </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rihanna ( feat . Jay - Z ) </Td> <Td> `` Umbrella '' </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note : Songs denoted with an asterisk ( * ) spent non-consecutive weeks at number one . </P> <H3> Most weeks at number two ( edit ) </H3> <P> Johnnie Ray 's `` Such a Night '' spent eight consecutive weeks at number two behind Doris Day 's `` Secret Love '' having spent a single week at the top . `` Terry 's Theme from Limelight '' by Frank Chacksfield spent a total of eight weeks at number two ( in four separate spells ) without ever reaching number one . All - 4 - One 's `` I Swear '' and `` Moves like Jagger '' by Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera both spent seven consecutive weeks at number two without reaching number one . `` These Days '' by Rudimental featuring Jess Glynne , Macklemore and Dan Caplen also spent seven consecutive weeks at number two behind Drake 's `` God 's Plan '' having spent a single week at the top . </P> <H2> Number ones by different artists ( edit ) </H2> <P> Currently two songs have reached number one four times by different artists : `` Unchained Melody '' and `` Do They Know It 's Christmas ? '' . Three of the versions of `` Unchained Melody '' sold over a million copies , while two of the versions of `` Do They Know It 's Christmas ? '' achieved this . The lyrics of the Band Aid 30 version were changed to give it relevance to the 2014 Ebola crisis . Numerous artists appear on more than one version of `` Do They Know It 's Christmas ? '' . </P> <P> Four artists </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Unchained Melody '' -- Jimmy Young ( 1955 ) , The Righteous Brothers ( 1990 ) , Robson & Jerome ( 1995 ) and Gareth Gates ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> `` Do They Know It 's Christmas ? '' -- Band Aid ( 1984 ) , Band Aid II ( 1989 ) , Band Aid 20 ( 2004 ) and Band Aid 30 ( 2014 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Three artists </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Spirit in the Sky '' -- Norman Greenbaum ( 1971 ) , Doctor and the Medics ( 1986 ) and Gareth Gates and The Kumars ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' -- Gerry & The Pacemakers ( 1963 ) , The Crowd ( 1985 ) and Robson & Jerome ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' -- Joe Cocker ( 1968 ) , Wet Wet Wet ( 1988 ) and Sam & Mark ( 2004 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Two artists </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Answer Me '' -- David Whitfield and Frankie Laine ( 1953 ) </Li> <Li> `` Cherry Pink ( and Apple Blossom White ) '' -- Perez Prado and Eddie Calvert ( 1955 ) </Li> <Li> `` Singing the Blues '' -- Guy Mitchell and Tommy Steele ( 1957 ) </Li> <Li> `` Young Love '' -- Tab Hunter ( 1957 ) and Donny Osmond ( 1973 ) </Li> <Li> `` Mary 's Boy Child '' -- Harry Belafonte ( 1957 ) and Boney M. ( 1978 ) </Li> <Li> `` Living Doll '' -- Cliff Richard and The Drifters ( 1959 ) and Cliff Richard and The Young Ones feat . Hank Marvin ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> `` Ca n't Help

The longest running UK number 1 single is

What is the longest running uk number 1 single?

-7877453212935784905

American Idol - Wikipedia <H1> American Idol </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 25 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search For the current season , see American Idol ( season 16 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> American Idol </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> American Idol : The Search for a Superstar ( season 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Reality competition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Simon Fuller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andy Scheer ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Bruce Gowers ( 2003 -- 2006 , 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Ken Warwick ( 2007 , 2011 -- 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Bill DeRonde ( 2009 , 2014 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Gregg Gelfand ( 2010 , 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Louis J. Horvitz ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Phil Heyes ( 2015 -- 2016 , 2018 - ) </Li> <Li> Ben Thursby ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ryan Seacrest </Li> <Li> Brian Dunkleman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judges </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Paula Abdul </Li> <Li> Simon Cowell </Li> <Li> Randy Jackson </Li> <Li> Kara DioGuardi </Li> <Li> Ellen DeGeneres </Li> <Li> Jennifer Lopez </Li> <Li> Steven Tyler </Li> <Li> Mariah Carey </Li> <Li> Nicki Minaj </Li> <Li> Keith Urban </Li> <Li> Harry Connick Jr . </Li> <Li> Katy Perry </Li> <Li> Luke Bryan </Li> <Li> Lionel Richie </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Julian Gingell </Li> <Li> Barry Stone </Li> <Li> Cathy Dennis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 569 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Simon Fuller ( 2002 -- ) </Li> <Li> Cecile Frot - Coutaz ( 2002 -- ) </Li> <Li> Simon Jones ( 2002 -- 03 ) </Li> <Li> Nigel Lythgoe ( 2002 - 08 , 2011 - 13 , 2016 finale ) </Li> <Li> Ken Warwick ( 2002 - 13 ) </Li> <Li> Brian Gadinsky ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Charles Boyd ( 2009 - 16 ) </Li> <Li> Trish Kinane ( 2013 -- ) </Li> <Li> Jesse Ignjatovic ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Evan Prager ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Per Blankens ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> David Hill ( 2015 - 16 ) </Li> <Li> Megan Wolflick ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> Jessica Castro ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Jenniffer Mullin ( 2018 -- ) </Li> <Li> Phil McIntyre ( 2018 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 22 - 104 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> FremantleMedia North America </Li> <Li> 19 Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> FremantleMedia Enterprises </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Fox ( 2002 -- 2016 ) ABC ( 2018 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> NTSC ( 480i ) ( 2002 -- 04 ) </Li> <Li> HDTV 720p ( 2005 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> June 11 , 2002 ( 2002 - 06 - 11 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by FremantleMedia North America . It initially aired on Fox from June 11 , 2002 to April 7 , 2016 for 15 seasons . On March 11 , 2018 , the 16th season made its debut on ABC . </P> <P> It started as an addition to the Idols format that was based on Pop Idol from British television , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by American viewers using phones , Internet , and SMS text voting . The winners of the first fifteen seasons , as chosen by viewers , are Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , and Trent Harmon . </P> <P> American Idol employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants ' performances . The original judges , for seasons one through eight , were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , singer and choreographer Paula Abdul , and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for seasons 13 , 14 , and 15 on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban , Jennifer Lopez , and Harry Connick , Jr . Season 16 brought three entirely new judges : singers Lionel Richie , Katy Perry , and Luke Bryan . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , but Seacrest remained as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . </P> <P> The success of American Idol has been described as `` unparalleled in broadcasting history '' . A rival TV executive said the series was `` the most impactful show in the history of television '' . It became a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars . According to Billboard magazine , in its first ten years , `` Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart - toppers and a platoon of pop idols , including Kelly Clarkson , Carrie Underwood , Katharine McPhee , Chris Daughtry , Fantasia , Ruben Studdard , Jennifer Hudson , Clay Aiken , Adam Lambert , and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut . '' </P> <P> For an unprecedented eight consecutive years , from the 2003 -- 04 television season through the 2010 -- 11 season , either its performance show or result show was ranked number one in U.S. television ratings . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Judges and hosts <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Judges </Li> <Li> 2.2 Hosts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Selection process <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Contestant eligibility </Li> <Li> 3.2 Initial auditions </Li> <Li> 3.3 Hollywood week and Las Vegas round </Li> <Li> 3.4 Audience voting </Li> <Li> 3.5 Semi-finals </Li> <Li> 3.6 Finals </Li> <Li> 3.7 Season finale </Li> <Li> 3.8 Rewards for winner and finalists </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Series overview and season synopses <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Season 1 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Season 2 </Li> <Li> 4.3 Season 3 </Li> <Li> 4.4 Season 4 </Li> <Li> 4.5 Season 5 </Li> <Li> 4.6 Season 6 </Li> <Li> 4.7 Season 7 </Li> <Li> 4.8 Season 8 </Li> <Li> 4.9 Season 9 </Li> <Li> 4.10 Season 10 </Li> <Li> 4.11 Season 11 </Li> <Li> 4.12 Season 12 </Li> <Li> 4.13 Season 13 </Li> <Li> 4.14 Season 14 </Li> <Li> 4.15 Season 15 </Li> <Li> 4.16 Season 16 : ABC revival </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Idol Gives Back </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 U.S. television ratings </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 6.3 Geographical , ethnic , and gender bias </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Controversy </Li> <Li> 8 Cultural impact <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Television </Li> <Li> 8.2 Music </Li> <Li> 8.3 Film and theater </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Revenue and commercial ventures <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Advertising revenue </Li> <Li> 9.2 Media sponsorship </Li> <Li> 9.3 American Idol tour </Li> <Li> 9.4 Music releases </Li> <Li> 9.5 Tie - ins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Theme park attraction </Li> <Li> 11 Other broadcasts </Li> <Li> 12 Spin - offs </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller , which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars . Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw a version in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain . Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition . He then added other elements , including telephone voting by the viewing public ( which at the time was already in use in shows , such as the Eurovision Song Contest ) , the drama of backstories , and real - life soap opera unfolding in real time . Pop Idol debuted in Britain in 2001 with Lythgoe as showrunner ‍ -- ‌the executive producer and production leader‍ -- ‌and Simon Cowell as one of the judges , and was successful with the viewing public . </P> <P> In 2001 , Fuller , Cowell , and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States , but the idea was initially met with poor responses from all the television networks including Fox . However , Rupert Murdoch , head of Fox 's parent company , was later persuaded to buy the series by his daughter , Elisabeth , who had seen the British show . Although Fox 's executives wanted to change the format , Murdoch insisted that it should remain the same as the British one . One change was nevertheless made due to the presence of multiple time zones in the United States that made it impractical for the country to vote in the same time period , an additional half - hour results show was therefore added the day following the performance show . The show was renamed American Idol : The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002 . Cowell was initially offered the job of showrunner , but turned down the offer ; Lythgoe then took over that position . Much to the surprise of Cowell and Fox , it became one of the biggest shows of the summer . With its successful launch in the summer , the show was then moved to January and expanded . The show grew into a phenomenon largely due to its personal engagement with the contestants by prompting the viewers to vote , and the presence of the acid - tongued Cowell as a judge . By 2004 , it had become the most - watched show on U.S. television , a position it then held for seven consecutive seasons . </P> <P> However , after a few years of sharp declining ratings starting in 2012 , with rating falls of over 20 % each season , the network announced that the fifteenth season would be its last , ending its run in April 2016 . In May 2017 , ABC acquired the rights to the series and announced that the program would return for the 2017 -- 18 television season . </P> <H2> Judges and hosts ( edit ) </H2> Judges and host of the current season of American Idol Katy Perry Luke Bryan Lionel Richie Ryan Seacrest <H3> Judges ( edit ) </H3> <P> The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format ; however , only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season , namely Randy Jackson , Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell . A fourth judge , radio DJ Stryker , was originally chosen but he dropped out citing `` image concerns '' . In the second season , New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with

American Idol ended for the first time on

When did american idol end the first time?

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Crimes ( Substituted Section 59 ) Amendment Act 2007 - Wikipedia <H1> Crimes ( Substituted Section 59 ) Amendment Act 2007 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Crimes ( Substituted Section 59 ) Amendment Act 2007 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> New Zealand Parliament </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The purpose of this Act is to amend the principal Act to make better provision for children to live in a safe and secure environment free from violence by abolishing the use of parental force for the purpose of correction . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date of Royal Assent </Th> <Td> 21 May 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date commenced </Th> <Td> 21 June 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> Sue Bradford </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Related legislation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Crimes Act 1961 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Status : Current legislation </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Crimes ( Substituted Section 59 ) Amendment Act 2007 ( formerly the Crimes ( Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline ) Amendment Bill ) is an amendment to New Zealand 's Crimes Act 1961 which removed the legal defence of `` reasonable force '' for parents prosecuted for assault on their children . </P> <P> The law was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament as a private members bill by Green Party Member of Parliament Sue Bradford in 2005 , after being drawn from the ballot . It drew intense debate , both in Parliament and from the public . The bill was colloquially referred to by several of its opponents and newspapers as the `` anti-smacking bill '' . The bill was passed on its third reading on 16 May 2007 by 113 votes to eight . The Governor - General of New Zealand granted the bill Royal Assent on 21 May 2007 , and the law came into effect on 21 June 2007 . </P> <P> A citizens - initiated referendum on the issues surrounding the law was held between 30 July and 21 August 2009 , asking `` Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand ? '' Despite widespread criticism of the question 's wording , the referendum was returned with an 87.4 percent `` No '' vote on a turnout of 56.1 percent . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Legal context </Li> <Li> 2 Social context </Li> <Li> 3 Political context </Li> <Li> 4 Debate and aftermath </Li> <Li> 5 Reactions and opinions </Li> <Li> 6 Referendum proposals <Ul> <Li> 6.1 2017 Election </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Legal context ( edit ) </H2> <P> Prior to the amendment bill , Section 59 read as follows : </P> <P> 59 Domestic discipline ( 1 ) Every parent of a child and , subject to subsection ( 3 ) , every person in the place of the parent of a child is justified in using force by way of correction towards the child , if the force used is reasonable in the circumstances . ( 2 ) The reasonableness of the force used is a question of fact . ( 3 ) Nothing in subsection ( 1 ) justifies the use of force towards a child in contravention of section 139A of the Education Act 1989 . </P> <P> Section 139A of the Education Act 1989 is the enactment criminalising school corporal punishment , so the third clause prohibited teacher - parents from using force on their own children if it could be interpreted as school corporal punishment . </P> <P> Section 59 now reads as follows : </P> <P> 59 Parental control ( 1 ) Every parent of a child and every person in the place of a parent of the child is justified in using force if the force used is reasonable in the circumstances and is for the purpose of -- </P> <Dl> <Dd> ( a ) preventing or minimising harm to the child or another person ; or </Dd> <Dd> ( b ) preventing the child from engaging or continuing to engage in conduct that amounts to a criminal offence ; or </Dd> <Dd> ( c ) preventing the child from engaging or continuing to engage in offensive or disruptive behaviour ; or </Dd> <Dd> ( d ) performing the normal daily tasks that are incidental to good care and parenting . </Dd> </Dl> <P> ( 2 ) Nothing in subsection ( 1 ) or in any rule of common law justifies the use of force for the purpose of correction . ( 3 ) Subsection ( 2 ) prevails over subsection ( 1 ) . ( 4 ) To avoid doubt , it is affirmed that the Police have the discretion not to prosecute complaints against a parent of a child or person in the place of a parent of a child in relation to an offence involving the use of force against a child , where the offence is considered to be so inconsequential that there is no public interest in proceeding with a prosecution . </P> <P> A consequential amendment was also made to Section 139A of the Education Act 1989 by removing the exemption of parents ( who are not school staff ) administering corporal punishment to their children at school . </P> <P> Adults assaulting children no longer have the legal defence of `` reasonable force '' but `` force ... may ... be for the purposes of restraint ... or , by way of example , to ensure compliance '' , according to the police practice guide . </P> <H2> Social context ( edit ) </H2> <P> Prior to the repeal of section 59 of the Crimes Act , there were cases of parents who had disciplined their children using a riding crop in one case , and a rubber hose in another , who were not convicted because of the legal justification of `` reasonable force '' . When the law was changed in 2007 , some proponents of the change said it would stop cases of abuse from slipping through the gaps and reduce the infant death rate . </P> <H2> Political context ( edit ) </H2> <P> When the Private Members Bill was first proposed by Sue Bradford in 2005 , it was known as the Crimes ( Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline ) Amendment Bill . It was subsequently renamed to the Crimes ( Substituted Section 59 ) Amendment Bill at the Select Committee stage . The Bill was later backed by the Labour Party and for a time it ' faced a rocky passage through parliament with the main opposition party , National , giving its members a conscience vote on the issue ' . A new section , Clause 4 , was added as part of a political agreement with the Leader of the Opposition , John Key , and the amendment passed by 113 votes to 8 with both major parties voting for the bill . </P> <H2> Debate and aftermath ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bradford considers that smacking was illegal even before the Act was passed . When an illegal activity is reported to the Police or to Child Youth and Family ( CYF ) , they are required to investigate the reported abuse . Under subsection 4 , The Police have the option of not prosecuting the parents ' where the offence is considered to be so inconsequential that there is no public interest in proceeding with a prosecution . ' </P> <P> Many of the groups who originally supported the change to the Act also said that a law change was not a fully adequate response to protect children from abuse . The New Zealand Anglican Bishops said ' It is essential that changes to section 59 go hand in hand with increased access to high quality public educational programmes , which encourage non-violent discipline and child rearing . ' The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC ) also put pressure on the New Zealand Government for education and promotion of changing attitudes and parenting practice . </P> <P> In the 2008 Budget the then Labour Government said it was ' providing $446.5 million over the next four years to improve our partnership with community - based social services to help deliver essential services to support children and families , including parenting and family violence programmes , and mentoring at - risk youth . ' This included the `` Are you OK ? '' anti-family - violence campaign . </P> <P> The law change has been described by supporters as aimed at making ' Aotearoa New Zealand ( ... ) a place where children are secure , confident , understand limits and boundaries and behave well -- without physical punishment ' and to ' protect children from assault ' . </P> <P> The first conviction under the new law occurred on 22 November 2007 . In the first five years of the law ( June 2007 -- June 2012 ) there were eight prosecutions for smacking . </P> <H2> Reactions and opinions ( edit ) </H2> <P> A broad selection of organisations -- including child welfare groups , churches , women 's groups and businesses -- publicly endorsed the bill and made submissions in support of it . </P> <P> Gordon Copeland resigned from the United Future party over the Bill since he did not agree with the party leader Peter Dunne 's support for it . However , Copeland was not re-elected to Parliament at the New Zealand general election , 2008 , although his political vehicle , The Kiwi Party , made that issue paramount in its election campaign . </P> <P> Most public opposition to the Bill came from conservative Christian groups , who believed that it made even `` light smacking '' of children illegal . Multipartisan passage of the bill occurred after an additional clause was added stating that the bill did not remove police discretion on whether to prosecute in `` inconsequential '' cases when it was not in the public interest to do so . </P> <P> During debate on the Bill a poster on the CYFSWatch website threatened Bradford . Google removed the website from its Blogger service soon after . </P> <P> A survey carried out between May and June 2008 showed that more people supported the Act than those who did not . The survey , carried out by UMR Research for the Office of the Children 's Commissioner , polled 750 people , of whom 91 % were aware of the law change and 72 % professed to know `` a lot '' or `` a fair amount '' about the legislation . </P> <P> Results of the questions were : </P> <Ul> <Li> 89 % of respondents agreed that children are entitled to the same protection from assault as adults . 4 % disagreed and 5 % were neutral . </Li> <Li> 43 % supported the law regarding physical punishment of children , 28 % opposed and 26 % were neutral . </Li> <Li> 58 % agreed there are certain circumstances when parents may physically punish children . 20 % disagreed with the hypothesis and 20 % were neutral . </Li> <Li> 30 % agreed that physical punishment should be part of child discipline . 37 % disagreed and 32 % were unsure . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Referendum proposals ( edit ) </H2> Main article : New Zealand corporal punishment referendum , 2009 <P> Two petitions for citizens initiated referendums related to the bill were launched in February 2007 . The wording for the two referendums was : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand ? '' </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> `` Should the Government give urgent priority to understanding and addressing the wider causes of family breakdown , family violence and child abuse in New Zealand ? '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> In February 2008 , the bill having

The anti-smacking law came into effect in New Zealand on

When did the anti smacking law come in nz?

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Jamie Dornan - wikipedia <H1> Jamie Dornan </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 8 January 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jamie Dornan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Dornan in January 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> James Dornan ( 1982 - 05 - 01 ) 1 May 1982 ( age 35 ) Holywood , County Down , Northern Ireland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cotswolds , England </Li> <Li> Hollywood Hills , U.S. </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor , model , musician </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2003 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home town </Th> <Td> Belfast , Northern Ireland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Amelia Warner ( m . 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> James `` Jamie '' Dornan ( born 1 May 1982 ) is an Irish actor , model , and musician . He played Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola 's Marie Antoinette ( 2006 ) , Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series Once Upon a Time ( 2011 -- 2013 ) , serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series The Fall ( 2013 -- 2016 ) , and Christian Grey in the Fifty Shades franchise ( 2015 -- present ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Discography </Li> <Li> 6 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dornan was born in Holywood , County Down , Northern Ireland , and grew up in the suburbs of Belfast . He has two older sisters : Liesa , who works for Disney in London , and Jessica , a fashion designer based in Falmouth , England . His father , Professor Jim Dornan , is an obstetrician and gynaecologist who had also considered becoming an actor . </P> <P> Dornan was 16 when his mother , Lorna , died from pancreatic cancer . Dornan is a first cousin , twice removed , of actress Greer Garson . His grandparents on both sides of his family were Methodist lay preachers . </P> <P> He attended and boarded at Methodist College Belfast , where he played rugby and participated in the drama department . He later attended Teesside University but dropped out and moved to London to train as an actor . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dornan performed in the folk band Sons of Jim , until it disbanded in 2008 . Sons of Jim supported Scottish singer - songwriter KT Tunstall on tour . </P> <P> Dornan first worked as a model . In 2003 , he modelled for Abercrombie & Fitch . He then modelled for a number of fashion houses and retailers , including Aquascutum , Hugo Boss , and Armani . Notable works include major ad campaigns with Dior Homme and Calvin Klein ( with both Kate Moss and Eva Mendes ) , and he was labelled `` The Golden Torso '' by The New York Times . </P> <P> Dornan 's first acting role in a film was Count Axel Fersen in the Sofia Coppola film Marie Antoinette ( 2006 ) . Dornan also appeared in the drama film Shadows in the Sun ( 2009 ) , which starred three - time Academy Award nominee Jean Simmons . In 2008 , he played the lead role of Ed in the Hammer Horror production Beyond the Rave . </P> <P> In 2011 , Dornan appeared in nine episodes of the ABC television series Once Upon a Time , playing the role of Sheriff Graham . While Graham from Storybrooke was killed by the town 's mayor Regina ( The Evil Queen ) in the episode `` The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter '' , Dornan stated that he would return as the Huntsman from the Enchanted Forest at some point , and he remained a regular on the series . He returned as The Huntsman for the season finale episode , `` A Land Without Magic '' . </P> <P> Dornan stars alongside Gillian Anderson in the Northern Irish drama series The Fall , playing Paul Spector , a serial killer terrorising Belfast . In May 2013 , the show was renewed for a second series halfway through the broadcast of series one . </P> <P> On 23 October 2013 , Dornan was cast as Christian Grey in the film adaptation of Fifty Shades of Grey , replacing Charlie Hunnam . Initially announced to be released on 1 August 2014 , the film was later rescheduled and released on 13 February 2015 . On 27 August 2014 , it was announced that Dornan would play Dr. Allan Pascal in a Miramax film titled The 9th Life of Louis Drax , a supernatural thriller based on a book of the same name . It was released on 2 September 2016 . In November 2014 , Dornan was # 3 in People Magazine 's Sexiest Man Alive rankings . </P> <P> In February 2015 , it was confirmed that Dornan had signed up for the second and third installments of the Fifty Shades film franchise . Fifty Shades Darker was released in 2017 , and Fifty Shades Freed is scheduled for 2018 . </P> <P> In March 2015 , it was reported that the BBC drama The Fall will return for a third series , revealing the fate of Dornan 's character . The third season originally aired on RTÉ One and BBC Two from 25 September to 28 October 2016 . </P> <P> In May 2017 , it was reported that Dornan will co-star alongside Peter Dinklage in the HBO television film My Dinner with Hervé . Shooting for the film started in the next month . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dornan had a relationship with actress Keira Knightley from 2003 to 2005 . In 2010 , he met English actress and singer - songwriter Amelia Warner and they got engaged in 2012 , and married in 2013 . They have two daughters . He owns houses in Cotswolds , England , and in Hollywood Hills , California . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Marie Antoinette </Td> <Td> Axel von Fersen </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Beyond the Rave </Td> <Td> Ed </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Shadows in the Sun </Td> <Td> Joe </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> X Returns </Td> <Td> X </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Nice to Meet You </Td> <Td> The Young Man </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Flying Home </Td> <Td> Colin </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Fifty Shades of Grey </Td> <Td> Christian Grey </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Burnt </Td> <Td> Leon Sweeney </Td> <Td> Deleted scenes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Anthropoid </Td> <Td> Jan Kubiš </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> The Siege of Jadotville </Td> <Td> Pat Quinlan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> The 9th Life of Louis Drax </Td> <Td> Dr. Allan Pascal </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Fifty Shades Darker </Td> <Td> Christian Grey </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Untogether </Td> <Td> Nick </Td> <Td> Post-production </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Fifty Shades Freed </Td> <Td> Christian Grey </Td> <Td> Post-production </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Robin Hood </Td> <Td> Will Scarlet </Td> <Td> Post-production </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> Once Upon a Time </Td> <Td> The Huntsman / Sheriff Graham Humbert </Td> <Td> 9 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> Fall , The The Fall </Td> <Td> Paul Spector </Td> <Td> 17 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> New Worlds </Td> <Td> Abe Goffe </Td> <Td> 4 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> My Dinner with Hervé </Td> <Td> Danny Tate </Td> <Td> Television film Filming </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Discography ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Single </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> `` Fairytale '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> `` My Burning Sun '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Awards and nominations ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Nominated work </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> British Academy Television Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Best Actor </Td> <Td> The Fall </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> British Independent Film Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Best Supporting Actor </Td> <Td> Anthropoid </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> Broadcasting Press Guild Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Breakthrough Award </Td> <Td> The Fall </Td> <Td> Won </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Best Actor ( Longlisted ) </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> C21 International Drama Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Best Male Performance </Td> <Td> The Fall </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> Golden Raspberry Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Worst Actor </Td> <Td> Fifty Shades of Grey </Td> <Td> Won </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Worst Screen Combo ( with Dakota Johnson ) </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> Irish Film and Television Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Best Lead Actor -- Television </Td> <Td> The Fall </Td> <Td> Won </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rising Star </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Best Actor in a Lead Role -- Drama </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> National Television Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Drama Performance </Td> <Td> The Fall </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Reynolds , Simon ; Dibdin , Emma ( 24 October 2013 ) . `` Jamie Dornan : 10 things about the ' 50 Shades of Grey ' star '' . Digital Spy . Retrieved 29 April 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barnes , Brooks ( 25 October 2013 ) . `` Jamie Dornan Named as New Lead in ' Fifty Shades ' '' . The New York Times . Mr. Dornan , 31 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Eggenberger , Nicole ( 20 February 2014 ) . `` Jamie Dornan Working on Fifty Shades of Grey , Once Upon a Time Producers Want Him Back '' . Us Weekly . Dornan , 31 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Randall , Lee ( 11 May 2013 ) . `` Jamie Dornan on playing a psychopathic killer in The Fall '' . The Scotsman . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Coleman , Maureen ( 24 October 2013 ) . `` Tragic past has not stopped Jamie Dornan as he lands `` Fifty Shades of Grey '' role `` . IrishCentral.com . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Eyre , Hermione ( 4 September 2009 ) . `` The male Kate Moss : Jamie Dornan '' . London Evening Standard . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Mallie , Eamonn ( 14 November 2011 ) . `` Professor Jim Dornan on : life ,

The role of Christian in 50 Shades of Grey is played by

Who plays christian in 50 shades of grey?

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Liam Cunningham - wikipedia <H1> Liam Cunningham </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other people named Liam Cunningham , see Liam Cunningham ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Liam Cunningham </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cunningham at the 2017 San Diego Comic Con International </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1961 - 06 - 02 ) 2 June 1961 ( age 56 ) East Wall , Dublin , Ireland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> Irish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> St Davids , Artane , Dublin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor Director Producer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1992 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Colette Cunningham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Liam Cunningham ( born 2 June 1961 ) is an Irish stage and screen actor . He is known for playing Davos Seaworth in the HBO epic - fantasy series Game of Thrones . He has been nominated for the London Film Critics ' Circle Award , the British Independent Film Award , has won two Irish Film & Television Awards , and shared a BAFTA with Michael Fassbender , for their crime - drama short film Pitch Black Heist . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 4.4 Music videos </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cunningham was born in East Wall , which is an inner city area of the Northside of Dublin . He has three sisters and a brother , and was brought up in a Roman Catholic household . Cunningham dropped out of secondary school at 15 and pursued a career as an electrician . In the 1980s , Cunningham moved to Zimbabwe for three years where he maintained electrical equipment at a safari park and trained Zimbabwean electricians . After returning to Ireland , Cunningham became dissatisfied with his work as an electrician and decided to pursue his interest in acting . He attended acting classes and began to work in local theatre . He appeared in a production of `` Studs '' at The Tricycle Theatre in Kilburn , London . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> Liam at the Game of Thrones exhibition in May 2013 <P> Cunningham 's debut film role came in Into the West , where he played a police officer . His on - screen acting continued with roles in War of the Buttons , and A Little Princess , before making his first major break - out role in Jude , playing Phillotson . He continued with character roles in RKO 281 , Falling for a Dancer , Shooting the Past , When the Sky Falls and Stranded . Cunningham came to international prominence with his role as Captain Ryan in the critically acclaimed , independent horror film , Dog Soldiers . Since then , he has starred in acclaimed films roles including , The Wind That Shakes the Barley , Hunger , The Guard , Black Butterflies and The Escapist and in numerous high budget British and American films including The League of Gentlemen 's Apocalypse , The Mummy : Tomb of the Dragon Emperor , Clash of the Titans , Centurion , and Harry Brown . On television , he appeared as President Richard Tate in the BBC programme Outcasts . </P> <P> In 2012 , Cunningham joined the main cast for the second season of HBO 's Game of Thrones portraying former smuggler Davos Seaworth , and in 2013 he starred in The Numbers Station alongside John Cusack . He was also cast in season 5 of the BBC series Merlin as a sorcerer . He featured in the music video for `` High Hopes '' by Irish alternative rock band Kodaline from their EP The High Hopes . In April 2013 , he was cast in the seventh season of the hit BBC1 series Doctor Who in the episode `` Cold War '' , where he played Captain Zhukov , the commander of a Russian submarine in 1983 facing one of the Ice Warriors . He guest starred in the second season of the VH1 television series Stay Closer , with Sandra Bullock and Jessica Chastain . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cunningham currently resides in Dublin with his wife Colette , with whom he has three children , daughter Ellen and sons Liam Jr. and Sean . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Public Toilet </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Heaven Only Knows </Td> <Td> Paul Clarke </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Into the West </Td> <Td> Police Officer </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> The Sea </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Undercurrent </Td> <Td> Greg Laughton </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> War of the Buttons </Td> <Td> The Master </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> A Little Princess </Td> <Td> Capt . Crewe / Prince Rama </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> First Knight </Td> <Td> Sir Agravaine </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jude ' </Td> <Td> Phillotson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> The Doherty Brothers </Td> <Td> Connor Doherty </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> The Life of Stuff </Td> <Td> Alex Sneddon </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> The Tale of Sweety Barrett </Td> <Td> Detective Bone </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> A Love Divided </Td> <Td> Sean Cloney </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> When the Sky Falls </Td> <Td> John Cosgrave ( The Runner ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Revelation </Td> <Td> Father Ray Connolly </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> The Island of the Mapmaker 's Wife </Td> <Td> John Wyndham </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Dog Soldiers </Td> <Td> Capt . Ryan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> The Abduction Club </Td> <Td> John Power </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Mystics </Td> <Td> Sean Foley </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> The Crooked Man </Td> <Td> Hamilton </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Card Player </Td> <Td> John Brennan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Screwback </Td> <Td> Harry </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> The League of Gentlemen 's Apocalypse </Td> <Td> Director </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Breakfast on Pluto </Td> <Td> 1st Biker </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> The Wind That Shakes the Barley </Td> <Td> Dan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> The Escapist </Td> <Td> Brodie </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Hunger </Td> <Td> Father Dominic Moran </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Paris Noir </Td> <Td> Douglas </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> The Mummy : Tomb of the Dragon Emperor </Td> <Td> Mad Dog Maguire </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Blood : The Last Vampire </Td> <Td> Michael Harrison </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> The Tournament </Td> <Td> Powers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Perrier 's Bounty </Td> <Td> The Mutt </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Harry Brown </Td> <Td> Sid Rourke </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Centurion </Td> <Td> Brick </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Clash of the Titans </Td> <Td> Solon </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Whistleblower </Td> <Td> Bill Hynes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Pitch Black Heist </Td> <Td> Liam </Td> <Td> Short film Also executive producer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> The Guard </Td> <Td> Francis Sheehy - Skelfington </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Black Butterflies </Td> <Td> Jack Cope </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> The Silence of Joan </Td> <Td> The English Captain </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> War Horse </Td> <Td> The Army Doctor </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Safe House </Td> <Td> Alec Wade </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> SLR </Td> <Td> Elliot </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> The Numbers Station </Td> <Td> Grey </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Good Vibrations </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> I Am Here </Td> <Td> Father </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Noble </Td> <Td> Thomas </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Let Us Prey </Td> <Td> Six </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Ladygrey </Td> <Td> Angus </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Dusha shpiona </Td> <Td> Hillsman </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> The Childhood of a Leader </Td> <Td> The Father </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Pursuit </Td> <Td> Fionn </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> 24 Hours to Live </Td> <Td> Wetzler </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> A Handful of Stars </Td> <Td> Stapler </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Poor Beast in the Rain </Td> <Td> Danger Doyle </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 -- 95 </Td> <Td> Roughnecks </Td> <Td> Chris </Td> <Td> 13 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Cracker </Td> <Td> Stuart Grady </Td> <Td> 2 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Police 2020 </Td> <Td> DCI Billy O'Connell </Td> <Td> Pilot </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Falling for a Dancer </Td> <Td> Mossie Sheehan </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Shooting the Past </Td> <Td> Christopher Anderson </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Too Rich : The Secret Life of Doris Duke </Td> <Td> Alec Cunningham - Reid </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> RKO 281 </Td> <Td> Gregg Toland </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> A Likeness in Stone </Td> <Td> Bill Armstrong </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Rebel Heart </Td> <Td> Michael Malone </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Attila </Td> <Td> Theodoric I </Td> <Td> 2 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Stranded </Td> <Td> David Robinson </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Final Demand </Td> <Td> David Milner </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Prime Suspect </Td> <Td> Robert West </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Part 1 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Messiah </Td> <Td> Pace Tierney </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Promise '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Showbands </Td> <Td> Tony Golden </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> The Clinic </Td> <Td> Malcolm Keown </Td> <Td> 5 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Hotel Babylon </Td> <Td> Adrian McBride </Td> <Td> Episode # 1.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Showbands II

In the popular HBO series Game of Thrones, the character Ser Davos is played by

Who plays ser davos in game of thrones?

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Voq was initially credited as being portrayed by Javid Iqbal , an invented actor named for Latif 's father , to hide the connection between the characters . Latif described his character as `` a very complex and painful and deep character '' , and noted that `` there 's a chemistry , a relationship '' with Burnham . Latif 's accent for Voq is Arabic - inspired , and he tried to maintain `` a kind of pharyngealness '' to Tyler 's American accent . </Li> <Li> Anthony Rapp as Paul Stamets : Chief engineer aboard the USS Discovery and science officer specializing in astromycology ( the study of fungi in space ) whose research led to development of an experimental organic propulsion system on the Discovery . The character is inspired by a real - life mycologist of the same name . He is the first openly gay character in a Star Trek series , and the showrunners `` wanted to roll out that character 's sexuality the way people would roll out their sexuality in life . '' Rapp noted that Hikaru Sulu was portrayed as gay in the film Star Trek Beyond , calling that `` a nice nod . But in this case , we actually get to see me with my partner in conversation , in our living quarters , you get to see our relationship over time , treated as any other relationship would be treated '' . </Li> <Li> Mary Wiseman as Sylvia Tilly : A cadet in her final year at Starfleet Academy , assigned to the Discovery . She works under Stamets aboard the Discovery , where she becomes roommates with Burnham . The character was included to represent people `` at the very bottom of this ladder '' of the Starfleet hierarchy . She is `` the most optimistic ... has the biggest heart '' , and showrunner Aaron Harberts described her as `` sort of the soul of our show . '' </Li> <Li> Jason Isaacs as Gabriel Lorca : Captain of the Discovery , a `` brilliant military tactician '' . Isaacs described the character as `` probably more f -- ked up than any of '' the previously seen Star Trek captains . He plays the character with a slight southern U.S. accent , and had initially wanted to ad - lib a catchphrase for the character feeling that all Star Trek captains should have one , coming up with `` git'r done '' which the writers turned down due to it being widely used and trademarked by Larry the Cable Guy . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Star Trek : Discovery ( season 1 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` The Vulcan Hello '' </Td> <Td> David Semel </Td> <Td> Story by : Bryan Fuller & Alex Kurtzman Teleplay by : Akiva Goldsman & Bryan Fuller </Td> <Td> September 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Battle at the Binary Stars '' </Td> <Td> Adam Kane </Td> <Td> Story by : Bryan Fuller Teleplay by : Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts </Td> <Td> September 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Context Is for Kings '' </Td> <Td> Akiva Goldsman </Td> <Td> Story by : Bryan Fuller & Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts Teleplay by : Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts & Craig Sweeny </Td> <Td> October 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` The Butcher 's Knife Cares Not for the Lamb 's Cry '' </Td> <Td> Olatunde Osunsanmi </Td> <Td> Jesse Alexander & Aron Eli Coleite </Td> <Td> October 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` Choose Your Pain '' </Td> <Td> Lee Rose </Td> <Td> Story by : Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts & Kemp Powers Teleplay by : Kemp Powers </Td> <Td> October 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` Lethe '' </Td> <Td> Douglas Aarniokoski </Td> <Td> Joe Menosky & Ted Sullivan </Td> <Td> October 22 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> `` Magic to Make the Sanest Man Go Mad '' </Td> <Td> David M. Barrett </Td> <Td> Aron Eli Coleite & Jesse Alexander </Td> <Td> October 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> `` Si Vis Pacem , Para Bellum '' </Td> <Td> John S. Scott </Td> <Td> Kirsten Beyer </Td> <Td> November 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 05 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> `` Into the Forest I Go '' </Td> <Td> Chris Byrne </Td> <Td> Bo Yeon Kim & Erika Lippoldt </Td> <Td> November 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> `` Despite Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Jonathan Frakes </Td> <Td> Sean Cochran </Td> <Td> January 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> `` The Wolf Inside '' </Td> <Td> TJ Scott </Td> <Td> Lisa Randolph </Td> <Td> January 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> `` Vaulting Ambition '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle M. Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jordon Nardino </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> `` What 's Past is Prologue '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> January 28 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 28 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> `` The War Without , The War Within '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> February 4 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> `` Will You Take My Hand ? '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> February 11 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The first episode had a special premiere on CBS alongside its release on CBS All Access . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> On November 2 , 2015 , CBS announced a new Star Trek television series to premiere in January 2017 , `` on the heels '' of the original series ' 50th anniversary in 2016 . It is the first Star Trek series since Star Trek : Enterprise concluded in 2005 , and the first show to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service . Alex Kurtzman , co-writer of the films Star Trek and Star Trek Into Darkness , and Heather Kadin were set as executive producers on the series , which is `` not related '' to the 2016 film Star Trek Beyond . The January 2017 date was the earliest that CBS could release a new Star Trek series after an agreement the company made when it split with Viacom in 2005 . Showtime , Netflix , and Amazon Video all offered `` a lot of money '' for the rights to release the series , but after heavily investing in the new All Access service , CBS believed that a returning Star Trek could be `` the franchise that really puts All Access on the map '' and could earn more money in the long run . </P> <P> In January 2016 , CBS president Glenn Geller revealed that he and the CBS network were not involved in the production of the series , saying , `` It really is for All Access . While the network will be broadcasting the pilot , I actually ca n't answer any creative questions about it . '' The next month , Bryan Fuller , who began his career writing for the series Star Trek : Deep Space Nine and Star Trek : Voyager , was announced as the new series ' showrunner and co-creator alongside Kurtzman . Nicholas Meyer , writer and director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan and Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , also joined the series as a writer and consulting producer . In March , Rod Roddenberry , the son of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry , and Trevor Roth of Roddenberry Entertainment also joined the series , as executive producers . Fuller said that working with people previously involved with Star Trek was `` really about making sure that we maintain authenticity '' , and said that Meyer -- who is widely considered to have made the best Star Trek film in The Wrath of Khan -- brings `` a clarity and a cleanliness to the storytelling . An ability to ground science - fiction in a relatable way , and also making sure that we 're telling character stories . '' Fuller had publicly called for Star Trek to return to television for years , particularly because of its impact on minority groups , as he explained , `` I could n't stop thinking about how many black people were inspired by seeing Nichelle Nichols on the bridge of a ship . I could n't stop thinking about how many Asian people were inspired by seeing George Takei and feeling that gave them hope for their place in the future . I wanted to be part of that representation for a new era . '' When Fuller first met with CBS about the series , the company did not have a plan for what the new show would be . He proposed an anthology series with each season being a standalone , serialized show set in a different era , beginning with a prequel to the original series , then stories set during the original series , during Star Trek : The Next Generation , and then `` beyond to a time in Trek that 's never been seen before '' . Fuller compared this to what American Horror Story did for horror , and described the proposal as a platform for `` a universe of Trek shows '' . CBS instead suggested a single serialized show to see how that performed first , and he began further developing the concept of a prequel to the original series . </P> <P> Fuller announced in June 2016 that the first season would consist of 13 episodes , though he would prefer to produce 10 episodes a season . A month later , Fuller announced the series ' title to be Star Trek : Discovery , and revealed that it would be set in the `` Prime Timeline '' ( which includes the previous Star Trek series , but not the modern reboot films ) to keep the concurrent series and films separate , so `` we do n't have to track anything ( happening in the films ) and they do n't have to track what we 're doing '' . Also in July , CBS Studios International licensed the series to Netflix for release outside the United States and Canada , a `` blockbuster '' deal that paid for the show 's entire budget ( around US $6 -- 7 million per episode ) . During pre-production on the series , Fuller and CBS continued to disagree on the direction of the show , which was starting to overrun its per - episode budget , and was falling behind schedule due to Fuller supervising all aspects of the series as well as another new show , American Gods . This caused frustration among CBS executives who felt Fuller should be focused on having Discovery ready for release by the January 2017 premiere date . By August 2016 , Fuller had hired Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts , who he had worked

The next Star Trek episode is scheduled to be released on

When does the next star trek episode come out?

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75th Golden Globe Awards - wikipedia <H1> 75th Golden Globe Awards </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 75th Golden Globe Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Official poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 7 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Site </Th> <Td> The Beverly Hilton , Beverly Hills , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hosted by </Th> <Td> Seth Meyers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Highlights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Film : Drama </Th> <Td> Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Film : Musical or Comedy </Th> <Td> Lady Bird </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Drama Series </Th> <Td> The Handmaid 's Tale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Musical or Comedy Series </Th> <Td> The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Miniseries or Television movie </Th> <Td> Big Little Lies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Most awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri </Li> <Li> Big Little Lies ( 4 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Most nominations </Th> <Td> The Shape of Water ( 7 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Television coverage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ← 74th </Li> <Li> Golden Globes </Li> <Li> 76th → </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 75th Golden Globe Awards honored film and American television of 2017 and was broadcast live on January 7 , 2018 , from The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California beginning at 5 : 00 p.m. PST / 8 : 00 p.m. EST by NBC . The ceremony was produced by Dick Clark Productions in association with the Hollywood Foreign Press Association . </P> <P> Talk - show host Seth Meyers hosted the ceremony for the first time . Oprah Winfrey was announced as Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award honoree on December 13 , 2017 . The nominees were announced on December 11 , 2017 , by Sharon Stone , Alfre Woodard , Kristen Bell and Garrett Hedlund . </P> <P> Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri won the most awards for the evening with four , including Best Motion Picture -- Drama . The Shape of Water and Lady Bird won two awards each . Big Little Lies , The Handmaid 's Tale and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel were among the television shows that received multiple awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Winners and nominees <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Film </Li> <Li> 1.2 Films with multiple nominations </Li> <Li> 1.3 Films with multiple wins </Li> <Li> 1.4 Television </Li> <Li> 1.5 Programs with multiple nominations </Li> <Li> 1.6 Programs with multiple wins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Ceremony <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Presenters </Li> <Li> 2.2 Golden Globe Ambassador </Li> <Li> 2.3 Time 's Up movement </Li> <Li> 2.4 Activist guests </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Ratings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 In Memoriam </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Winners and nominees ( edit ) </H2> <P> The nominees for 75th Golden Globe Awards were announced on December 11 , 2017 . Winners are listed first in boldface . </P> Gary Oldman , Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Drama winner Frances McDormand , Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama winner James Franco , Best Actor in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy winner Saoirse Ronan , Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy winner Sam Rockwell , Best Supporting Actor winner Allison Janney , Best Supporting Actress winner Sterling K. Brown , Best Actor in a Television Series -- Drama winner Elisabeth Moss , Best Actress in a Television Series -- Drama winner Aziz Ansari , Best Actor in a Television Series -- Comedy or Musical winner Rachel Brosnahan , Best Actress in a Television Series -- Comedy or Musical winner Ewan McGregor , Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film winner Nicole Kidman , Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film winner Alexander Skarsgård , Best Supporting Actor in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film winner Laura Dern , Best Supporting Actress in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film winner <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Best Motion Picture </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Drama </Th> <Th> Musical or Comedy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri <Ul> <Li> Call Me by Your Name </Li> <Li> Dunkirk </Li> <Li> The Post </Li> <Li> The Shape of Water </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lady Bird <Ul> <Li> The Disaster Artist </Li> <Li> Get Out </Li> <Li> The Greatest Showman </Li> <Li> I , Tonya </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Best Performance in a Motion Picture -- Drama </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Actress </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gary Oldman -- Darkest Hour as Winston Churchill <Ul> <Li> Timothée Chalamet -- Call Me by Your Name as Elio Perlman </Li> <Li> Daniel Day - Lewis -- Phantom Thread as Reynolds Woodcock </Li> <Li> Tom Hanks -- The Post as Ben Bradlee </Li> <Li> Denzel Washington -- Roman J. Israel , Esq . as Roman J. Israel </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Frances McDormand -- Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri as Mildred Hayes <Ul> <Li> Jessica Chastain -- Molly 's Game as Molly Bloom </Li> <Li> Sally Hawkins -- The Shape of Water as Elisa Esposito </Li> <Li> Meryl Streep -- The Post as Kay Graham </Li> <Li> Michelle Williams -- All the Money in the World as Gail Harris </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Best Performance in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Actress </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> James Franco -- The Disaster Artist as Tommy Wiseau <Ul> <Li> Steve Carell -- Battle of the Sexes as Bobby Riggs </Li> <Li> Ansel Elgort -- Baby Driver as Baby / Miles </Li> <Li> Hugh Jackman -- The Greatest Showman as P.T. Barnum </Li> <Li> Daniel Kaluuya -- Get Out as Chris Washington </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saoirse Ronan -- Lady Bird as Christine `` Lady Bird '' McPherson <Ul> <Li> Judi Dench -- Victoria & Abdul as Queen Victoria </Li> <Li> Helen Mirren -- The Leisure Seeker as Ella Spencer </Li> <Li> Margot Robbie -- I , Tonya as Tonya Harding </Li> <Li> Emma Stone -- Battle of the Sexes as Billie Jean King </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Best Supporting Performance in a Motion Picture -- Drama , Musical or Comedy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Supporting Actor </Th> <Th> Supporting Actress </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sam Rockwell -- Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri as Officer Jason Dixon <Ul> <Li> Willem Dafoe -- The Florida Project as Bobby Hicks </Li> <Li> Armie Hammer -- Call Me by Your Name as Oliver </Li> <Li> Richard Jenkins -- The Shape of Water as Giles </Li> <Li> Christopher Plummer -- All the Money in the World as J. Paul Getty </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Allison Janney -- I , Tonya as LaVona Golden <Ul> <Li> Mary J. Blige -- Mudbound as Florence Jackson </Li> <Li> Hong Chau -- Downsizing as Ngoc Lan Tran </Li> <Li> Laurie Metcalf -- Lady Bird as Marion McPherson </Li> <Li> Octavia Spencer -- The Shape of Water as Zelda Fuller </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Director </Th> <Th> Best Screenplay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Guillermo del Toro -- The Shape of Water <Ul> <Li> Martin McDonagh -- Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri </Li> <Li> Christopher Nolan -- Dunkirk </Li> <Li> Ridley Scott -- All the Money in the World </Li> <Li> Steven Spielberg -- The Post </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Martin McDonagh -- Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri <Ul> <Li> Guillermo del Toro & Vanessa Taylor -- The Shape of Water </Li> <Li> Greta Gerwig -- Lady Bird </Li> <Li> Liz Hannah & Josh Singer -- The Post </Li> <Li> Aaron Sorkin -- Molly 's Game </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Original Score </Th> <Th> Best Original Song </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alexandre Desplat -- The Shape of Water <Ul> <Li> Carter Burwell -- Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri </Li> <Li> Jonny Greenwood -- Phantom Thread </Li> <Li> John Williams -- The Post </Li> <Li> Hans Zimmer -- Dunkirk </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` This Is Me '' ( Benj Pasek and Justin Paul ) -- The Greatest Showman <Ul> <Li> `` Home '' ( Nick Jonas , Justin Tranter , and Nick Monson ) -- Ferdinand </Li> <Li> `` Mighty River '' ( Raphael Saadiq , Mary J. Blige , and Taura Stinson ) -- Mudbound </Li> <Li> `` Remember Me '' ( Kristen Anderson - Lopez and Robert Lopez ) -- Coco </Li> <Li> `` The Star '' ( Mariah Carey and Marc Shaiman ) -- The Star </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best Animated Feature Film </Th> <Th> Best Foreign Language Film </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Coco <Ul> <Li> The Boss Baby </Li> <Li> The Breadwinner </Li> <Li> Ferdinand </Li> <Li> Loving Vincent </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> In the Fade ( Germany / France ) <Ul> <Li> A Fantastic Woman ( Chile ) </Li> <Li> First They Killed My Father ( Cambodia ) </Li> <Li> Loveless ( Russia ) </Li> <Li> The Square ( Sweden / Germany / France ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Films with multiple nominations ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following seventeen films received multiple nominations : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Nominations </Th> <Th> Films </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> The Shape of Water </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> The Post </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lady Bird </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> All the Money in the World </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Call Me by Your Name </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dunkirk </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Greatest Showman </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> I , Tonya </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Battle of the Sexes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Disaster Artist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ferdinand </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Get Out </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molly 's Game </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mudbound </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phantom Thread </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Films with multiple wins ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following films received multiple wins : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Wins </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Three Billboards Outside Ebbing , Missouri </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Shape of Water </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lady Bird </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Best Series </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Drama </Th> <Th> Musical or Comedy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Handmaid 's Tale <Ul> <Li> The Crown </Li> <Li> Game of Thrones </Li> <Li> Stranger Things </Li> <Li> This Is Us </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel <Ul> <Li> Black - ish </Li> <Li> Master of None </Li> <Li> SMILF </Li> <Li> Will & Grace </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Best Performance in a Television Series -- Drama </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Actress </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sterling K. Brown -- This Is Us as Randall Pearson <Ul> <Li> Jason Bateman -- Ozark as Martin `` Marty '' Byrde </Li> <Li> Freddie Highmore -- The Good Doctor as Dr. Shaun Murphy </Li> <Li> Bob Odenkirk -- Better Call Saul

The movie that won 4 awards at the 75th Golden Globe Awards was

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In time - Wikipedia <H1> In time </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see In time ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> In Time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Andrew Niccol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Niccol </Li> <Li> Marc Abraham </Li> <Li> Amy Israel </Li> <Li> Kristel Laiblin </Li> <Li> Eric Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Andrew Niccol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Justin Timberlake </Li> <Li> Amanda Seyfried </Li> <Li> Olivia Wilde </Li> <Li> Vincent Kartheiser </Li> <Li> Johnny Galecki </Li> <Li> Cillian Murphy </Li> <Li> Matt Bomer </Li> <Li> Alex Pettyfer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Craig Armstrong </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Roger Deakins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Zach Staenberg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> New Regency </Li> <Li> Strike Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> 20th Century Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> October 28 , 2011 ( 2011 - 10 - 28 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 109 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $40 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $174 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In Time is a 2011 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film written , directed , and produced by Andrew Niccol . Justin Timberlake , Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy star as people in a society where people stop aging at 25 . Instead , a new economic system uses time as currency , and each person has a clock on their arm that counts down how long they have to live . The film was released on October 28 , 2011 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Copyright lawsuit </Li> <Li> 5 Similar works </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.2 Box office </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( September 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In 2169 , people are genetically engineered to stop aging on their 25th birthday . Everyone then develops a countdown on their forearm set for a year . When the clock reaches zero , that person `` times out '' , or dies . Time has thus become the universal currency , and can be transferred between people or within `` time capsules '' . Two major areas exist within Los Angeles : Dayton , a poor manufacturing area , and New Greenwich , where people have enough time to essentially be immortal . </P> <P> Will Salas is a Dayton factory worker living with his mother Rachel . He rescues a drunken man named Henry Hamilton from an attempted robbery by a gang of time - robbing thugs led by Fortis. Hamilton reveals to Will that the people of New Greenwich hoard most of the time for themselves to live forever , while constantly increasing the cost of living keeps poorer people dying . The next morning , Hamilton transfers 116 years of his time to the sleeping Will , before timing out and falling off a bridge . Raymond Leon , leader of the police - like Timekeepers erroneously assumes that Will played a part in Hamilton 's death . </P> <P> Will visits his best friend Borel . Borel warns him that having so much time within Dayton will get him killed . Will gives Borel ten years in return for their years of friendship before meeting his mother to leave for New Greenwich . Rachel uses all but 90 minutes of her time to pay off a 2 - day loan and finds herself short for a bus fare to get home . She urges the bus driver to lend her 30 minutes , but he refuses and advises her to run . She dies in Will 's arms before he can lend her time . </P> <P> In New Greenwich , Will visits a casino and meets time - loaning businessman Philippe Weis and his daughter Sylvia . While playing poker with Weis , Will comes dangerously close to timing out but eventually wins more than a millennium in a flawless gamble . Sylvia , impressed , invites him to a party in the Weis mansion . Will buys a new sports car and drives himself to the party . After a quick dance , down at their private beach Will tempts Sylvia into a nude moonlit dip in the waves ( her first brush with danger ) . Once back indoors , Will is surprised by the Timekeepers , there to arrest him . </P> <P> Dismissing Will 's claim of innocence , Raymond confiscates all but two hours of his time . When asked why he is investigating a suicide , instead the Timekeeper insinuates he knew Will 's father . Left with little choice , Will takes Sylvia as a hostage and drives back to Dayton . They are ambushed by Fortis ' gang , crash the car and are left with 30 minutes each . Will attempts to get some time back from Borel , but his wife Greta tells him that he has drunk himself to death , blaming Will for the stupidity of his generosity . Sylvia pawns her diamond earrings for extra time , and Will calls Weis to demand a 1,000 year ransom ( to be paid into the time - mission for the desperate ) . When Weis refuses to pay , Will releases Sylvia anyway . She calls Weis from a pay phone , but they are ambushed by Raymond , whom Sylvia shoots in the arm to protect Will . They steal his car , and Will gives Raymond enough time to survive . </P> <P> Will and Sylvia team up and rob Weis ' time banks , giving the extra time capsules to the needy . After a decade reward is offered for their capture , Fortis ' gang tracks them down to a hotel room . Fortis challenges Will to a `` time - duel '' , which Will wins through a trick used by his father . Will shoots the rest of the gang while they are distracted by Fortis ' death . The pair soon realize they can not steal enough time to significantly change anything , as New Greenwich simply raises prices on Daytoners . </P> <P> They rob Weis ' personal vault and obtain a one - million - years capsule . Raymond chases them back to Dayton but is too late to stop them from distributing the stolen time . After chasing them to the city 's outskirts , Raymond reveals that he came from Dayton and intends to stop other Daytoners escaping . He realizes too late that he forgot to collect his daily time allotment and times out . Will and Sylvia , each with just over a minute to live , race to Raymond 's patrol car . Will collects Raymond 's daily share and runs back to Sylvia in a scene reminiscent of his mother 's death . This time , he saves her when her clock only has seconds left . </P> <P> TV reports show factories in Dayton shutting down as everyone has enough time and abandon their jobs to go to New Greenwich . Will and Sylvia continue robbing banks as part of their efforts to crash the system , while the rich attempt to cope with the sudden surge of people infiltrating their zone . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Justin Timberlake as Will Salas </Li> <Li> Amanda Seyfried as Sylvia Weis </Li> <Li> Cillian Murphy as Timekeeper Raymond Leon </Li> <Li> Alex Pettyfer as Fortis </Li> <Li> Vincent Kartheiser as Philippe Weis </Li> <Li> Olivia Wilde as Rachel Salas </Li> <Li> Matt Bomer as Henry Hamilton </Li> <Li> Johnny Galecki as Borel </Li> <Li> Collins Pennie as Timekeeper Jaeger </Li> <Li> Ethan Peck as Constantin </Li> <Li> Yaya DaCosta as Greta , Borel 's wife </Li> <Li> Rachel Roberts as Carrera </Li> <Li> August Emerson as Levi </Li> <Li> Sasha Pivovarova as Clara Weis ( Sylvia 's grandmother ) </Li> <Li> Jesse Lee Soffer as Webb </Li> <Li> Bella Heathcote as Michele Weis ( Sylvia 's mother ) </Li> <Li> Toby Hemingway as Timekeeper Kors </Li> <Li> Melissa Ordway as Leila </Li> <Li> Jessica Parker Kennedy as Edouarda </Li> <Li> Christoph Sanders as Nixon </Li> <Li> Jeff Staron as Oris </Li> <Li> Matt O'Leary as Moser </Li> <Li> Nick Lashaway as Ekman </Li> <Li> Ray Santiago as Victa </Li> <Li> Kris Lemche as Markus </Li> <Li> Laura Ashley Samuels as Sagita </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the film was titled In Time , the names Now and I 'm. mortal were used . On July 12 , 2010 , it was reported that Amanda Seyfried had been offered a lead role . On July 27 , 2010 , it was confirmed that Justin Timberlake had been offered a lead role . On August 9 , 2010 , Cillian Murphy was confirmed to have joined the cast . </P> <P> The first photos from the set were revealed on October 28 , 2010 . 20th Century Fox and New Regency distributed the film , and Marc Abraham and Eric Newman 's Strike Entertainment produced it . </P> <P> In an interview with Kristopher Tapley of InContention.com Roger Deakins stated that he would be shooting the film in digital , which makes this the first film to be shot in digital by the veteran cinematographer . </P> <P> The Dayton scenes were filmed primarily in the Skid Row and Boyle Heights neighborhoods of Los Angeles , while the New Greenwich scenes were filmed primarily in Century City , Bel Air , and Malibu . Although the names of the ghetto - like zone and wealthy enclave reflect Dayton and Greenwich , respectively , the maps used by the Timekeepers are maps of Los Angeles , CA . </P> <P> Using the common device of Future - Retro , the production 's vehicle suppliers assembled a fleet of cars and trucks from used car lots and junkyards . Although an ancient Citroën DS 21 and Cadillac Seville feature , center stage goes to a fleet of seemingly immaculate Dodge Challengers and Lincoln Continentals . The rich drive around in the high gloss Lincolns , all of which have been smoothed , lowered and fitted with oversized disc wheels on low profile rubber . The Dodges are the Time Keeper 's cop cars . These too have been smoothed and externally customized , with grilles front and rear covering the lights , and low profile tires on disc wheels . In stark contrast to the Lincolns , paintwork is matte black . A slim police light - bar is fitted internally , behind the windshield . Externally this fleet looked immaculate but no money was spent on what would not be seen and many of the vehicles had wrecked interiors , with ripped seats , carpets and head - linings . Because the cars had been assembled from many sources and prepared to look identical , the interiors of most were of a color which did not match the black exteriors . The best of the Lincoln Continentals , for instance , whose interior is seen in the production ,

The movie starring Justin Timberlake that involves time is called

Whats the movie called with justin timberlake and time?

9094942671294087016

For Whom the Bell Tolls - wikipedia <H1> For Whom the Bell Tolls </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see For Whom the Bell Tolls ( disambiguation ) . <Table> For Whom the Bell Tolls <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First edition cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Ernest Hemingway </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> War novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Charles Scribner 's Sons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 21 October 1940 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940 . It tells the story of Robert Jordan , a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War . As a dynamiter , he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia . </P> <P> The novel is regarded as one of Hemingway 's best works , along with The Sun Also Rises , A Farewell to Arms , and The Old Man and the Sea . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Title </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 3 Characters </Li> <Li> 4 Main themes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Imagery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Literary significance and critical reaction <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Language </Li> <Li> 5.2 Narrative style </Li> <Li> 5.3 Pulitzer Prize controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Allusions / references to actual events </Li> <Li> 7 Adaptations and in popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls in Havana , Cuba ; Key West , Florida ; and Sun Valley , Idaho in 1939 . In Cuba , he lived in the Hotel Ambos - Mundos where he worked on the manuscript . The novel was finished in July 1940 at the InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel in New York City and published in October . It is based on Hemingway 's experiences during the Spanish Civil War and features an American protagonist , named Robert Jordan , who fights with Spanish soldiers for the Republicans . The characters in the novel include those who are purely fictional , those based on real people but fictionalized , and those who were actual figures in the war . Set in the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range between Madrid and Segovia , the action takes place during four days and three nights . For Whom the Bell Tolls became a Book of the Month Club choice , sold half a million copies within months , was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize , and became a literary triumph for Hemingway . Published on 21 October 1940 , the first edition print run was 75,000 copies priced at $2.75 . </P> <H3> Title ( edit ) </H3> <P> The book 's title is taken from the metaphysical poet John Donne 's series of meditations and prayers on health , pain , and sickness ( written while Donne was convalescing from a nearly fatal illness ) published in 1624 as Devotions upon Emergent Occasions , specifically Meditation XVII . Hemingway quotes part of the meditation ( using Donne 's original spelling ) in the book 's epigraph , which in turn refers to the practice of funeral tolling : </P> <Dl> <Dd> No man is an Iland , intire of it selfe ; every man is a peece of the Continent , a part of the maine ; if a Clod bee washed away by the Sea , Europe is the lesse , as well as if a Promontorie were , as well as if a Mannor of thy friends or of thine owne were ; any mans death diminishes me , because I am involved in Mankinde ; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls ; It tolls for thee . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The point made by the choice of this title and epigraph is that the Spanish Civil War of 1936 - 1939 , a major topic of debate in Western intellectual and political circles , is not of importance only to Spaniards ; it matters to everyone . Furthermore , the title and epigraph can be interpreted as a reference to the themes of death within the novel , particularly between the characters of Robert Jordan and Anselmo . </P> <H2> Plot summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The novel graphically describes the brutality of the civil war in Spain during this time . It is told primarily through the thoughts and experiences of the protagonist , Robert Jordan . It draws on Hemingway 's own experiences in the Spanish Civil War as a reporter for the North American Newspaper Alliance . </P> <P> Jordan is an American who has lived in Spain during the pre-war period , and fights in the International Brigades for the Republic against Francisco Franco 's fascist forces . An experienced dynamiter , he is ordered by a Soviet general to travel behind enemy lines and destroy a bridge with the aid of a band of local anti-fascist guerrillas , in order to prevent enemy troops from responding to an upcoming offensive . On his mission , Jordan meets the rebel Anselmo who brings him to the hidden guerrilla camp and initially acts as an intermediary between Jordan and the other guerrilla fighters . </P> <P> In the camp , Jordan encounters María , a young Spanish woman whose life had been shattered by her parents ' execution and her rape at the hands of the Falangists ( part of the fascist coalition ) at the outbreak of the war . His strong sense of duty clashes with both the unwillingness of the guerrilla leader Pablo to commit to an operation that would endanger himself and his band , and Jordan 's own new - found lust for life which arises from his love for María . Pablo 's wife , Pilar , usurps Pablo 's leadership and pledges the allegiance of the guerrillas to Jordan 's mission . However , when another band of anti-fascist guerrillas , led by El Sordo , is surrounded and killed , Pablo steals the dynamite detonators and exploder , hoping to prevent the demolition and thereby avoid fascist reprisals . Although he disposes of the detonators and exploder by throwing them down a gorge into the river , Pablo regrets abandoning his comrades and returns to assist in the operation . </P> <P> However , the enemy , apprised of the coming offensive , has prepared to ambush it in force and it seems unlikely that the blown bridge will do much to prevent a rout . Regardless of this , Jordan understands that he must still demolish the bridge in an attempt to prevent Fascist reinforcements from overwhelming his allies . Lacking the detonation equipment stolen by Pablo , Jordan plans an alternative method to explode the dynamite by using hand grenades with wires attached so that their pins can be pulled from a distance . This improvised plan is considerably more dangerous because the men must increase their proximity to the explosion . While Pablo , Pilar , and other guerrilla members attack the posts at the two ends of the bridge , Jordan and Anselmo plant and detonate the dynamite , costing Anselmo his life when he is hit by a piece of shrapnel . While escaping , Jordan is maimed when a tank shoots his horse out from under him . Knowing he would only slow his comrades down , he bids goodbye to María and ensures that she escapes to safety with the surviving guerrillas . He refuses an offer from Agustín to shoot him and lies in agony , hoping to kill an enemy officer and delay their pursuit of his comrades before dying . The narrative ends right before Jordan launches his ambush . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Robert Jordan -- American university instructor of Spanish language and a specialist in demolitions and explosives . </Li> <Li> Anselmo -- Elderly guide to Robert Jordan . </Li> <Li> Golz -- Soviet officer who ordered the bridge 's demolition . </Li> <Li> Pablo -- Leader of a group of anti-fascist guerrillas . </Li> <Li> Rafael -- Well - intentioned yet incompetent and lazy guerrilla , and a gypsy . </Li> <Li> María -- Robert Jordan 's young lover . </Li> <Li> Pilar -- Pablo 's wife . An aged but strong woman , she is the de facto leader of the guerrilla band . </Li> <Li> Karkov -- Soviet agent and journalist in Madrid , and a friend of Jordan 's . </Li> <Li> Agustín -- Foul - mouthed , middle - aged guerrilla . </Li> <Li> El Sordo -- Leader of a fellow band of guerrillas . </Li> <Li> Fernando -- Middle - aged guerrilla . </Li> <Li> Andrés and Eladio -- Brothers and members of Pablo 's band . </Li> <Li> Primitivo -- Young guerrilla in Pablo 's band . </Li> <Li> Joaquin -- Enthusiastic teenaged communist , a member of Sordo 's band . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Main themes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor 's personal feelings about a topic . Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style . ( August 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Death is a primary preoccupation of the novel . When Robert Jordan is assigned to blow up the bridge , he knows that he will not survive it . Pablo and El Sordo , leaders of the Republican guerrilla bands , see that inevitability also . Almost all of the main characters in the book contemplate their own deaths . Before the operation , Pilar reads Robert Jordan 's palm , and after seeing it , refuses to comment on what she saw , foreshadowing his untimely demise . </P> Hotel Ambos - Mundos ( Hotel of Both - Worlds ) , Havana , Ernest Hemingway 's first residence in Cuba ( 1932 -- 1939 ) where the first chapter of For Whom the Bell Tolls was written . Much of the rest was written later in his home near Havana , Finca Vigía ( Lookout Farm ) <P> Camaraderie and sacrifice in the face of death abound throughout the novel . Robert Jordan , Anselmo and others are ready to do `` as all good men should '' -- that is , to make the ultimate sacrifice . The oft - repeated embracing gesture reinforces this sense of close companionship in the face of death . An incident involving the death of the character Joaquín 's family serves as an example of this theme ; having learned of this tragedy , Joaquín 's comrades embrace and comfort him , saying they now are his family . Surrounding this love for one 's comrades is the love for the Spanish soil . A love of place , of the senses , and of life itself is represented by the pine needle forest floor -- both at the beginning and , poignantly , at the end of the novel -- when Robert Jordan awaits his death feeling `` his heart beating against the pine needle floor of the forest . '' </P> <P> Suicide always looms as an alternative to suffering . Many of the characters , including Robert Jordan , would prefer death over capture and are prepared to kill themselves , be killed , or kill to avoid it . As the book ends , Robert Jordan , wounded and unable to travel with his companions , awaits a final ambush that will end his life . He prepares himself against the cruel

The poem "For Whom the Bell Tolls" was written by

Who wrote the poem for whom the bell tolls?

-2099882460840294879

Unicorn - wikipedia <H1> Unicorn </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Unicorn ( disambiguation ) . Not to be confused with Unicron . <Table> Unicorn <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The gentle and pensive maiden has the power to tame the unicorn , fresco , probably by Domenico Zampieri , c. 1602 ( Palazzo Farnese , Rome ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grouping </Th> <Td> Mythology </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Similar creatures </Th> <Td> Pegasus , Qilin , Re'em , Indrik , Shadhavar , Camahueto , Karkadann </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mythology </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other name ( s ) </Th> <Td> Monocerus </Td> </Tr> </Table> Of the Unicorn <P> The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large , pointed , spiraling horn projecting from its forehead . The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers , including Ctesias , Strabo , Pliny the Younger , and Aelian . The Bible also describes an animal , the re'em , which some versions translate as unicorn . </P> <P> In European folklore , the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse - like or goat - like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves ( sometimes a goat 's beard ) . In the Middle Ages and Renaissance , it was commonly described as an extremely wild woodland creature , a symbol of purity and grace , which could only be captured by a virgin . In the encyclopedias its horn was said to have the power to render poisoned water potable and to heal sickness . In medieval and Renaissance times , the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as unicorn horn . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 In antiquity </Li> <Li> 1.2 Middle Ages and Renaissance <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Alicorn </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Entrapment </Li> <Li> 1.4 Heraldry </Li> <Li> 1.5 Scotland <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 Gallery </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Possible origins <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Fabricated evidence </Li> <Li> 2.2 Unicorn seals of the Indus Valley Civilization </Li> <Li> 2.3 Elasmotherium or rhinoceros </Li> <Li> 2.4 Single - horned goat </Li> <Li> 2.5 Narwhals </Li> <Li> 2.6 Oryx </Li> <Li> 2.7 Eland </Li> <Li> 2.8 Genetic disorders of horned or antlered animals </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Similar mythical animals <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Biblical </Li> <Li> 3.2 Chinese mythology </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> <H3> In antiquity </H3> Unicorn seal of Indus Valley , Indian Museum Gilt statue of a unicorn on the City Hall , Bristol <P> Unicorns are not found in Greek mythology , but rather in the accounts of natural history , for Greek writers of natural history were convinced of the reality of unicorns , which they believed lived in India , a distant and fabulous realm for them . The earliest description is from Ctesias , who in his book Indika ( `` On India '' ) described them as wild asses , fleet of foot , having a horn a cubit and a half ( 700 mm , 28 inches ) in length , and colored white , red and black . Aristotle must be following Ctesias when he mentions two one - horned animals , the oryx ( a kind of antelope ) and the so - called `` Indian ass '' . Strabo says that in the Caucasus there were one - horned horses with stag - like heads . Pliny the Elder mentions the oryx and an Indian ox ( perhaps a rhinoceros ) as one - horned beasts , as well as `` a very fierce animal called the monoceros which has the head of the stag , the feet of the elephant , and the tail of the boar , while the rest of the body is like that of the horse ; it makes a deep lowing noise , and has a single black horn , which projects from the middle of its forehead , two cubits ( 900 mm , 35 inches ) in length . '' In On the Nature of Animals ( Περὶ Ζῴων Ἰδιότητος , De natura animalium ) , Aelian , quoting Ctesias , adds that India produces also a one - horned horse ( iii. 41 ; iv. 52 ) , and says ( xvi. 20 ) that the monoceros ( Greek : μονόκερως ) was sometimes called cartazonos ( Greek : καρτάζωνος ) , which may be a form of the Arabic karkadann , meaning `` rhinoceros '' . </P> <P> Cosmas Indicopleustes , a merchant of Alexandria who lived in the 6th century , made a voyage to India and subsequently wrote works on cosmography . He gives a description of a unicorn based on four brass figures in the palace of the King of Ethiopia . He states , from report , that `` it is impossible to take this ferocious beast alive ; and that all its strength lies in its horn . When it finds itself pursued and in danger of capture , it throws itself from a precipice , and turns so aptly in falling , that it receives all the shock upon the horn , and so escapes safe and sound '' . </P> <P> A one - horned animal ( which may be just a bull in profile ) is found on some seals from the Indus Valley Civilization . Seals with such a design are thought to be a mark of high social rank . </P> <H3> Middle Ages and Renaissance </H3> Youths riding goats ( a Dionysiac motif in antiquity ) on 12th - century capitals from the abbey of Mozac in the Auvergne . The goats are indistinguishable from unicorns . Virgin Mary holding the unicorn ( c. 1480 ) , detail of the Annunciation with the Unicorn Polyptych , National Museum , Warsaw Wild woman with unicorn , c. 1500 -- 1510 ( Basel Historical Museum ) <P> Medieval knowledge of the fabulous beast stemmed from biblical and ancient sources , and the creature was variously represented as a kind of wild ass , goat , or horse . </P> <P> The predecessor of the medieval bestiary , compiled in Late Antiquity and known as Physiologus ( Φυσιολόγος ) , popularized an elaborate allegory in which a unicorn , trapped by a maiden ( representing the Virgin Mary ) , stood for the Incarnation . As soon as the unicorn sees her , it lays its head on her lap and falls asleep . This became a basic emblematic tag that underlies medieval notions of the unicorn , justifying its appearance in every form of religious art . Interpretations of the unicorn myth focus on the medieval lore of beguiled lovers , whereas some religious writers interpret the unicorn and its death as the Passion of Christ . The myths refer to a beast with one horn that can only be tamed by a virgin ; subsequently , some writers translated this into an allegory for Christ 's relationship with the Virgin Mary . </P> <P> The unicorn also figured in courtly terms : for some 13th - century French authors such as Thibaut of Champagne and Richard de Fournival , the lover is attracted to his lady as the unicorn is to the virgin . With the rise of humanism , the unicorn also acquired more orthodox secular meanings , emblematic of chaste love and faithful marriage . It plays this role in Petrarch 's Triumph of Chastity , and on the reverse of Piero della Francesca 's portrait of Battista Strozzi , paired with that of her husband Federico da Montefeltro ( painted c 1472 - 74 ) , Bianca 's triumphal car is drawn by a pair of unicorns . </P> <P> The Throne Chair of Denmark is made of `` unicorn horns '' -- almost certainly narwhal tusks . The same material was used for ceremonial cups because the unicorn 's horn continued to be believed to neutralize poison , following classical authors . </P> <P> The unicorn , tamable only by a virgin woman , was well established in medieval lore by the time Marco Polo described them as `` scarcely smaller than elephants . They have the hair of a buffalo and feet like an elephant 's . They have a single large black horn in the middle of the forehead ... They have a head like a wild boar 's ... They spend their time by preference wallowing in mud and slime . They are very ugly brutes to look at . They are not at all such as we describe them when we relate that they let themselves be captured by virgins , but clean contrary to our notions . '' It is clear that Marco Polo was describing a rhinoceros . In German , since the 16th century , Einhorn ( `` one - horn '' ) has become a descriptor of the various species of rhinoceros . </P> A Unicorn of the 18th century on an apothecary in Flensburg Alicorn Main article : Unicorn horn <P> The horn itself and the substance it was made of was called alicorn , and it was believed that the horn holds magical and medicinal properties . The Danish physician Ole Worm determined in 1638 that the alleged alicorns were the tusks of narwhals . Such beliefs were examined wittily and at length in 1646 by Sir Thomas Browne in his Pseudodoxia Epidemica . </P> <P> False alicorn powder , made from the tusks of narwhals or horns of various animals , has been sold in Europe for medicinal purposes as late as 1741 . The alicorn was thought to cure many diseases and have the ability to detect poisons , and many physicians would make `` cures '' and sell them . Cups were made from alicorn for kings and given as a gift ; these were usually made of ivory or walrus ivory . Entire horns were very precious in the Middle Ages and were often really the tusks of narwhals . </P> <H3> Entrapment </H3> Maiden with Unicorn , tapestry , 15th century ( Musée de Cluny , Paris ) <P> One traditional method of hunting unicorns involved entrapment by a virgin . </P> The Unicorn Is Penned , Unicorn Tapestries , c. 1495 -- 1505 ( The Cloisters , Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York City ) The unicorn throne in Denmark . <P> In one of his notebooks Leonardo da Vinci wrote : </P> <P> The unicorn , through its intemperance and not knowing how to control itself , for the love it bears to fair maidens forgets its ferocity and wildness ; and laying aside all fear it will go up to a seated damsel and go to sleep in her lap , and thus the hunters take it . </P> <P> The famous late Gothic series of seven tapestry hangings The Hunt of the Unicorn are a high point in European tapestry manufacture , combining both secular and religious themes . The tapestries now hang in the Cloisters division of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City . In the series , richly dressed noblemen , accompanied by huntsmen and hounds , pursue a unicorn against mille - fleur backgrounds or settings of buildings and gardens . They bring the animal to bay with the help of a maiden who traps it with her charms , appear to kill it , and bring it back to a castle ; in the last and most famous panel , `` The Unicorn in Captivity '' , the unicorn is shown alive again and happy , chained to a pomegranate tree surrounded by a fence , in a field of flowers . Scholars conjecture that the red stains on its flanks are not blood but rather the juice

The idea of a unicorn originated with

Where did the idea of a unicorn come from?

2522763786590394101

question as an instance of sublime Christian heroism which has not been surpassed in any age or in any country . It is indeed an energetic and re-inspiring assurance of the inherent truth and of the ultimate and universal triumph of justice , humanity and freedom . </P> <P> I hail this interchange of sentiments , therefore , as an augury that , whatever else may happen , whatever misfortune may befall your country or my own , the peace and friendship which now exists between the two nations will be , as it shall be my desire to make them , perpetual . </P> <P> -- Abraham Lincoln , 19 January 1863 </P> <P> There is now a statue of Lincoln in Manchester , with an extract from his letter carved on the plinth . </P> <P> Lincoln became a hero amongst the British working class with progressive views . His portrait , often alongside that of Garibaldi , adorned many parlour walls . One can still be seen in the boyhood home of David Lloyd George , now part of the Lloyd George Museum . </P> <P> The decisive factor , in the fall of 1862 and increasingly thereafter was the Battle of Antietam and what grew out of it . Lee 's invasion was a failure at Antietam , and he barely escaped back to Virginia . It was now obvious that no final , conclusive Confederate triumph could be anticipated . The swift recession of the high Confederate tide was as visible in Britain as in America , and in the end , Palmerston and Russell dropped any notion of bringing a mediation - recognition program before the cabinet . </P> <H2> Emancipation Proclamation ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the late spring and early summer of 1862 , Lincoln had come to see that he must broaden the base of the war . The Union itself was not enough ; the undying vitality and drive of Northern anti-slavery men must be brought into full , vigorous support of the war effort and so the United States chose to declare itself officially against slavery . The Lincoln administration believed that slavery was the basis of the Confederate economy and leadership class and that victory required its destruction . Lincoln had drafted a plan and waited for a battlefield victory to announce it . The Battle of Antietam gave Lincoln victory , and on September 22 , he gave the Confederacy 100 days notice to return to the Union or else on January 1 , 1863 , all slaves held in areas in rebellion would be free . William Ewart Gladstone , the Chancellor of the Exchequer and a senior Liberal leader was accepting toward slavery in his youth ; his family had grown wealthy through the ownership of slaves in the West Indies , however , the idea of slavery was abhorrent to him with his idea of civilising all nations . He strongly spoke out for Confederate independence . When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced , he tried to make the counterargument that an independent Confederacy would do a better job of freeing the slaves than an invading northern army would . He warned that a race war was imminent and would justify British intervention . Emancipation also alarmed the British Foreign Secretary Lord John Russell , who expected a bloody slave uprising . The question then would be British intervention on humanitarian grounds . However , there was no slave uprising and no race war . The advice of the war minister against going to war with United States , and the tide of British public opinion , convinced the cabinet to take no action . </P> <H2> Confederate Diplomacy ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Cotton diplomacy <P> Once the war with the US began , the best hope for the survival of the Confederacy was military intervention by Britain and France . The US realized that as well and made it clear that recognition of the Confederacy meant war and the end of food shipments into Britain . The Confederates who had believed in `` King Cotton '' ( Britain had to support the Confederacy to obtain cotton for its industries ) were proven wrong . Britain , in fact , had ample stores of cotton in 1861 and depended much more on grain from the US . </P> <P> During its existence , the Confederate government sent repeated delegations to Europe ; historians do not give them high marks for diplomatic skills . James M. Mason was sent to London as Confederate minister to Queen Victoria , and John Slidell was sent to Paris as minister to Napoleon III . Both were able to obtain private meetings with high British and French officials , but they failed to secure official recognition for the Confederacy . Britain and the US were at sword 's point during the Trent Affair in late 1861 . Mason and Slidell had been illegally seized from a British ship by an American warship . Queen Victoria 's husband , Prince Albert , helped calm the situation , and Lincoln released Mason and Slidell and so the episode was no help to the Confederacy . </P> <P> Throughout the early years of the war , British foreign secretary Lord Russell , Napoleon III , and , to a lesser extent , British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston , explored the risks and advantages of recognition of the Confederacy or at least offering a mediation . Recognition meant certain war with the US , loss of American grain , loss of exports , loss of investments in American securities , potential invasion of Canada and other North American colonies , higher taxes , and a threat to the British merchant marine with little to gain in return . Many party leaders and the general public wanted no war with such high costs and meager benefits . Recognition was considered following the Second Battle of Manassas , when the British government was preparing to mediate in the conflict , but the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam and Lincoln 's Emancipation Proclamation , combined with internal opposition , caused the government to back away . </P> <P> In 1863 , the Confederacy expelled all foreign consuls ( all of them British or French diplomats ) for advising their subjects to refuse to serve in combat against the US . </P> <P> Throughout the war , all European powers adopted a policy of neutrality , meeting informally with Confederate diplomats but withholding diplomatic recognition . None ever sent an ambassador or official delegation to Richmond . However , they applied principles of international law and recognized both sides as belligerents . Canada allowed both Confederate and Union agents to work openly within its borders . </P> <H2> Postwar adjustments and Alabama claims ( edit ) </H2> <P> Northerners were outraged at British tolerance of non-neutral acts , especially the building of warships . The United States demanded vast reparations for the damages caused by British - built commerce raiders , especially CSS Alabama , which Palmerston bluntly refused to pay . </P> <P> The dispute continued for years after the war . After Palmerston 's death , Prime Minister Gladstone agreed to include the US war claims in treaty discussions on other pending issues , such as fishing rights and border disputes . In 1872 , pursuant to the resultant Treaty of Washington , an international arbitration board awarded $15,500,000 to the US , and the British apologized for the destruction caused by the British - built Confederate ships but admitted no guilt . </P> <H2> Long - term Impact ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Union victory emboldened the forces in Britain that demanded more democracy and public input into the political system . The resulting Reform Act 1867 enfranchised the urban male working class in England and Wales and weakened the upper - class landed gentry , who identified more with the Southern planters . Influential commentators included Walter Bagehot , Thomas Carlyle , John Stuart Mill , and Anthony Trollope . Additionally , many Irishmen saw service in both the Union and Confederate State Army . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> American Civil War portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> France in the American Civil War </Li> <Li> Canada in the American Civil War </Li> <Li> Bahamas in the American Civil War </Li> <Li> Blockade runners of the American Civil War </Li> <Li> Timeline of British diplomatic history </Li> <Li> International relations ( 1814 -- 1919 ) </Li> <Li> Foreign enlistment in the American Civil War </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Boleslaw Adam Boczek ( 2005 ) . International Law : A Dictionary . Scarecrow Press . p. 421 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Niels Eichhorn , `` The Intervention Crisis of 1862 : A British Diplomatic Dilemma ? '' American Nineteenth Century History ( 2014 ) 14 # 2 , pp. 287 - 310 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2006 . Retrieved September 22 , 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stephen R. Wise , Lifeline of the Confederacy : Blockade Running During the Civil War ( 1991 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Martin B. Duberman , Charles Francis Adams , 1807 - 1886 ( 1961 ) , p. 333 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Charles M. Hubbard , `` James Mason , the ' Confederate Lobby , ' and the blockade debate of March 1862 , '' Civil War History ( 1999 ) 45 # 3 pp 223 - 37 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hubbard , Burden Of Confederate Diplomacy ( 2000 ) , p. 7 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hubbard , Burden Of Confederate Diplomacy , pp. 21 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jones ( 1992 ) , pp. 2 - 3 . Hubbard , p. 17 . Mahin , p. 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ A.G. Hopkins American Empire : a Global history ( Princeton UP , 2018 ) pp 231 - 33 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Berwanger , p. 874 . Hubbard , p. 18 . Baxter , The British Government and Neutral Rights , p. 9 . Baxter wrote that `` the British government , while defending the rights of British merchants and shipowners , kept one eye on the precedents and the other on the future interests of the mistress of the sea . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Graebner , p. 60 - 61 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mahin , p. 47 . Taylor , p. 177 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Warren , pg. 82 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hubert F. Dubrulle , `` Lord Lyons '' in David Heidler , ed . Encyclopedia of the American Civil War pp. 1234 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mahin pg. 7 . Mahin notes that in the 1850s , Seward had talked of annexing Canada ( pg. 6 ) and in February 1861 , he had spoken frequently of reuniting the North and South by a foreign war ( pg. 7 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Duncan Andrew Campbell , English Public Opinion and the American Civil War , ( 2003 ) , pp. 26 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ R.J.M Blackett , Divided Hearts : Britain and the American Civil War , ( 2001 ) , pp. 54 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Richard Huzzey , Freedom Burning : Anti-Slavery and Empire in Victorian Britain , ( 2012 ) , p. 56 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Howard Jones , Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom : the Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War , ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Norman B. Ferris , The Trent Affair : A Diplomatic Crisis ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Lancashire Cotton Famine .

The battle that ended Britain's support for the South was

Which battle ended britain's support for the south?

-468308601189845347

The element 's major use ( about 80 % of world rhodium production ) is as one of the catalysts in the three - way catalytic converters of automobiles . Because rhodium metal is inert against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals , and because of its rarity , rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high - temperature and corrosion - resistive coatings . White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance . </P> <P> Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level . </P> <H3> Palladium ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Palladium <P> Palladium ( / pəˈleɪdiəm / pə - LAY - dee - əm ) is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46 . It is a rare and lustrous silvery - white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston . He named it after the asteroid Pallas , which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena , acquired by her when she slew Pallas . Palladium , platinum , rhodium , ruthenium , iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals ( PGMs ) . These have similar chemical properties , but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them . </P> <P> The unique properties of palladium and other platinum group metals account for their widespread use . A quarter of all goods manufactured today either contain PGMs or have a significant part in their manufacturing process played by PGMs . Over half of the supply of palladium and its congener platinum goes into catalytic converters , which convert up to 90 % of harmful gases from auto exhaust ( hydrocarbons , carbon monoxide , and nitrogen dioxide ) into less - harmful substances ( nitrogen , carbon dioxide and water vapor ) . Palladium is also used in electronics , dentistry , medicine , hydrogen purification , chemical applications , and groundwater treatment . Palladium plays a key role in the technology used for fuel cells , which combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity , heat , and water . </P> <P> Ore deposits of palladium and other PGMs are rare , and the most extensive deposits have been found in the norite belt of the Bushveld Igneous Complex covering the Transvaal Basin in South Africa , the Stillwater Complex in Montana , United States , the Thunder Bay District of Ontario , Canada , and the Norilsk Complex in Russia . Recycling is also a source of palladium , mostly from scrapped catalytic converters . The numerous applications and limited supply sources of palladium result in the metal attracting considerable investment interest . </P> <H3> Silver ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Silver <P> Silver ( / ˈsɪlvər / SIL - vər ) is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag ( Latin : argentum , from the Indo - European root * arg - for `` grey '' or `` shining '' ) and atomic number 47 . A soft , white , lustrous transition metal , it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal . The metal occurs naturally in its pure , free form ( native silver ) , as an alloy with gold and other metals , and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite . Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper , gold , lead , and zinc refining . </P> <P> Silver has long been valued as a precious metal , and it is used to make ornaments , jewelry , high - value tableware , utensils ( hence the term silverware ) , and currency coins . Today , silver metal is also used in electrical contacts and conductors , in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions . Its compounds are used in photographic film , and dilute silver nitrate solutions and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides . While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics , further research into clinical potential continues . </P> <H3> Cadmium ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cadmium <P> Cadmium ( / ˈkædmiəm / KAD - mee - əm ) is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48 . This soft , bluish - white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12 , zinc and mercury . Like zinc , it prefers oxidation state + 2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals . Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals , in that they do not have partly filled d or f electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states . The average concentration of cadmium in the Earth 's crust is between 0.1 and 0.5 parts per million ( ppm ) . It was discovered in 1817 simultaneously by Stromeyer and Hermann , both in Germany , as an impurity in zinc carbonate . </P> <P> Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and therefore is a byproduct of zinc production . It was used for a long time as a pigment and for corrosion resistant plating on steel while cadmium compounds were used to stabilize plastic . With the exception of its use in nickel -- cadmium batteries and cadmium telluride solar panels , the use of cadmium is generally decreasing . These declines have been due to competing technologies , cadmium 's toxicity in certain forms and concentration and resulting regulations . </P> <H2> P - block elements ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Indium ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Indium <P> Indium ( / ˈɪndiəm / IN - dee - əm ) is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49 . This rare , very soft , malleable and easily fusible other metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium , and shows the intermediate properties between these two . Indium was discovered in 1863 and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that was the first indication of its existence in zinc ores , as a new and unknown element . The metal was first isolated in the following year . Zinc ores continue to be the primary source of indium , where it is found in compound form . Very rarely the element can be found as grains of native ( free ) metal , but these are not of commercial importance . </P> <P> Indium 's current primary application is to form transparent electrodes from indium tin oxide in liquid crystal displays and touchscreens , and this use largely determines its global mining production . It is widely used in thin - films to form lubricated layers ( during World War II it was widely used to coat bearings in high - performance aircraft ) . It is also used for making particularly low melting point alloys , and is a component in some lead - free solders . </P> <P> Indium is not known to be used by any organism . In a similar way to aluminium salts , indium ( III ) ions can be toxic to the kidney when given by injection , but oral indium compounds do not have the chronic toxicity of salts of heavy metals , probably due to poor absorption in basic conditions . Radioactive indium - 111 ( in very small amounts on a chemical basis ) is used in nuclear medicine tests , as a radiotracer to follow the movement of labeled proteins and white blood cells in the body . </P> <H3> Tin ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Tin <P> Tin ( / ˈtɪn / TIN ) is a chemical element with the symbol Sn ( for Latin : stannum ) and atomic number 50 . It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table . Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements , germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states , + 2 and the slightly more stable + 4 . Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has , with 10 stable isotopes , the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table . Tin is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite , where it occurs as tin dioxide , SnO . </P> <P> This silvery , malleable other metal is not easily oxidized in air and is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion . The first alloy , used in large scale since 3000 BC , was bronze , an alloy of tin and copper . After 600 BC pure metallic tin was produced . Pewter , which is an alloy of 85 -- 90 % tin with the remainder commonly consisting of copper , antimony and lead , was used for tableware from the Bronze Age until the 20th century . In modern times tin is used in many alloys , most notably tin / lead soft solders , typically containing 60 % or more of tin . Another large application for tin is corrosion - resistant tin plating of steel . Because of its low toxicity , tin - plated metal is also used for food packaging , giving the name to tin cans , which are made mostly of steel . </P> <H3> Antimony ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Antimony <P> Antimony ( / ænˈtɪmoʊni / ann - TIM - oh - nee , / ˈæntəˌmoʊni / AN - tə - moh - nee ; Latin : stibium ) is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51 . A lustrous grey metalloid , it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite ( Sb S ) . Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics , metallic antimony was also known but mostly identified as lead . </P> <P> For some time China has been the largest producer of antimony and its compounds , with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan . Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products . The largest application for metallic antimony is as alloying material for lead and tin . It improves the properties of the alloys which are used as in solders , bullets and ball bearings . An emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics . </P> <H3> Tellurium ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Tellurium <P> Tellurium ( / tɪˈljuːriəm / ti - LEW - ree - əm , / tɛ - / teh - ) is a chemical element that has the symbol Te and atomic number 52 . A brittle , mildly toxic , rare , silver - white metalloid which looks similar to tin , tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur . It is occasionally found in native form , as elemental crystals . Tellurium is far more common in the universe than on Earth . Its extreme rarity in the Earth 's crust , comparable to that of platinum , is partly due to its high atomic number , but also due to its formation of a volatile hydride which caused the element to be lost to space as a gas during the hot nebular formation of the planet . </P> <P> Tellurium was discovered in Transylvania ( today part of Romania ) in 1782 by Franz - Joseph Müller von Reichenstein in a mineral containing tellurium and gold . Martin Heinrich Klaproth named the new element in 1798 after the Latin word for `` earth '' , tellus . Gold telluride minerals ( responsible for the name of Telluride , Colorado ) are the most notable natural gold compounds . However , they are not a commercially significant

The atomic number of indium, which belongs to the 5th period, is

The atomic number of indium which belongs to 5th period is?

1210321528011089603

Electoral College ( United states ) - wikipedia <H1> Electoral College ( United states ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the United States Electoral College . For electoral colleges in general , see Electoral college . For other uses and regions , see Electoral college ( disambiguation ) . Map of the Electoral College 2016 presidential election <P> The United States Electoral College is the mechanism established by the United States Constitution for the election of the president and vice president of the United States by small groups of appointed representatives , electors , from each state and the District of Columbia . The Constitution specifies that each state legislature individually determines its own process for appointing electors . In practice , all state legislatures use popular voting to choose a slate of electors who are pledged to vote for a particular party 's candidate . Thus , today the president and vice president are effectively chosen through indirect election by the citizens . </P> <P> The Twelfth Amendment requires each elector to cast one vote for president and another vote for vice president . In each state and the District of Columbia , electors are chosen every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November , and then meet to cast ballots on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December . The candidates who receive a majority of electoral votes among the states are elected president and vice president of the United States when the Electoral College vote is certified by Congress in early January . Pursuant to the Twentieth Amendment , the terms for president and vice president end at noon on January 20 following an election for those offices ; the new terms for those offices then begin . </P> <P> Each state chooses electors , equal in number to that state 's combined total of senators and representatives . There are a total of 538 electors , corresponding to the 435 representatives and 100 senators , plus the three electors for the District of Columbia as provided by the Twenty - third Amendment . The Constitution bars any federal official , elected or appointed , from being an elector . The Office of the Federal Register is charged with administering the Electoral College . Since the mid-19th century when all electors have been popularly chosen , the Electoral College has elected the candidate who received the most popular votes nationwide , except in four elections : 1876 , 1888 , 2000 , and 2016 . In 1824 , there were six states in which electors were legislatively appointed , rather than popularly elected , so the true national popular vote is uncertain ; the electors failed to select a winning candidate , so the matter was decided by the House of Representatives . </P> <P> All states except California ( before 1913 ) , Maine , and Nebraska have chosen electors on a `` winner - take - all '' basis since the 1880s . Under the winner - take - all system , the state 's electors are awarded to the candidate with the most votes in that state , thus maximizing the state 's influence in the national election . Maine and Nebraska use the `` congressional district method , '' selecting one elector within each congressional district by popular vote and awarding two electors by a statewide popular vote . Although no elector is required by federal law to honor his pledge , there have been very few occasions when an elector voted contrary to a pledge , and not once has it impacted the final outcome of a national election . </P> <P> If no candidate for president receives a majority of electoral votes for president , the Twelfth Amendment provides that the House of Representatives will select the president , with each of the fifty state delegations casting one vote . If no candidate for vice president receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president , then the Senate will select the vice president , with each of the 100 senators having one vote . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Original plan </Li> <Li> 2.2 Breakdown and revision </Li> <Li> 2.3 Evolution to the general ticket </Li> <Li> 2.4 Evolution of selection plans </Li> <Li> 2.5 Fourteenth Amendment </Li> <Li> 2.6 Meeting of electors date over the years </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Modern mechanics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Summary </Li> <Li> 3.2 Electors <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Apportionment </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Nomination </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Selection </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Meetings </Li> <Li> 3.2. 5 Faithlessness </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Joint session of Congress and contingencies <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Contingent presidential election by House </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Contingent vice presidential election by Senate </Li> <Li> 3.3. 3 Deadlocked election </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.4 Current electoral vote distribution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Chronological table </Li> <Li> 5 Alternative methods of choosing electors <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Appointment by state legislature </Li> <Li> 5.2 Electoral districts </Li> <Li> 5.3 Proportional vote </Li> <Li> 5.4 Congressional district method <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Implementation </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Contemporary issues <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Nondeterminacy of popular vote </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Exclusive focus on large swing states </Li> <Li> 6.1. 3 Discouragement of turnout and participation </Li> <Li> 6.1. 4 Obscuring disenfranchisement within states </Li> <Li> 6.1. 5 Lack of enfranchisement of U.S. territories </Li> <Li> 6.1. 6 Advantage based on state population </Li> <Li> 6.1. 7 Disadvantage for third parties </Li> <Li> 6.1. 8 Inadequate means for electors to vote conscience and prevent the election of demagogues </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 Support <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 Prevention of an urban - centric victory </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Maintenance of the federal character of the nation </Li> <Li> 6.2. 3 Enhancement of the status of minority groups </Li> <Li> 6.2. 4 Encouragement of stability through the two - party system </Li> <Li> 6.2. 5 Flexibility if a presidential candidate dies </Li> <Li> 6.2. 6 Isolation of election problems </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Efforts to abolish <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Bayh -- Celler amendment </Li> <Li> 7.2 Carter proposal </Li> <Li> 7.3 Cohen proposal </Li> <Li> 7.4 National Popular Vote Interstate Compact </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Background </H2> <P> The Constitutional Convention in 1787 used the Virginia Plan as the basis for discussions , as the Virginia delegation had proposed it first . The Virginia Plan called for the Congress to elect the president . Delegates from a majority of states agreed to this mode of election . However , a committee formed to work out various details including the mode of election of the president , recommended instead the election be by a group of people apportioned among the states in the same numbers as their representatives in Congress ( the formula for which had been resolved in lengthy debates resulting in the Connecticut Compromise and Three - Fifths Compromise ) , but chosen by each state `` in such manner as its Legislature may direct . '' Committee member Gouverneur Morris explained the reasons for the change ; among others , there were fears of `` intrigue '' if the president were chosen by a small group of men who met together regularly , as well as concerns for the independence of the president if he were elected by the Congress . However , once the Electoral College had been decided on , several delegates ( Mason , Butler , Morris , Wilson , and Madison ) openly recognized its ability to protect the election process from cabal , corruption , intrigue , and faction . Some delegates , including James Wilson and James Madison , preferred popular election of the executive . Madison acknowledged that while a popular vote would be ideal , it would be difficult to get consensus on the proposal given the prevalence of slavery in the South : </P> <P> There was one difficulty however of a serious nature attending an immediate choice by the people . The right of suffrage was much more diffusive in the Northern than the Southern States ; and the latter could have no influence in the election on the score of Negroes . The substitution of electors obviated this difficulty and seemed on the whole to be liable to the fewest objections . </P> <P> The Convention approved the Committee 's Electoral College proposal , with minor modifications , on September 6 , 1787 . Delegates from states with smaller populations or limited land area such as Connecticut , New Jersey , and Maryland generally favored the Electoral College with some consideration for states . At the compromise providing for a runoff among the top five candidates , the small states supposed that the House of Representatives with each state delegation casting one vote would decide most elections . </P> <P> In The Federalist Papers , James Madison explained his views on the selection of the president and the Constitution . In Federalist No. 39 , Madison argued the Constitution was designed to be a mixture of state - based and population - based government . Congress would have two houses : the state - based Senate and the population - based House of Representatives . Meanwhile , the president would be elected by a mixture of the two modes . </P> <P> Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 68 laid out what he believed were the key advantages to the Electoral College . The electors come directly from the people and them alone for that purpose only , and for that time only . This avoided a party - run legislature , or a permanent body that could be influenced by foreign interests before each election . Hamilton explained the election was to take place among all the states , so no corruption in any state could taint `` the great body of the people '' in their selection . The choice was to be made by a majority of the Electoral College , as majority rule is critical to the principles of republican government . Hamilton argued that electors meeting in the state capitals were able to have information unavailable to the general public . Hamilton also argued that since no federal officeholder could be an elector , none of the electors would be beholden to any presidential candidate . </P> <P> Another consideration was the decision would be made without `` tumult and disorder , '' as it would be a broad - based one made simultaneously in various locales where the decision - makers could deliberate reasonably , not in one place where decision - makers could be threatened or intimidated . If the Electoral College did not achieve a decisive majority , then the House of Representatives was to choose the president from among the top five candidates , ensuring selection of a presiding officer administering the laws would have both ability and good character . Hamilton was also concerned about somebody unqualified , but with a talent for `` low intrigue , and the little arts of popularity , '' attaining high office . </P> <P> Additionally , in the Federalist No. 10 , James Madison argued against `` an interested and overbearing majority '' and the `` mischiefs of faction '' in an electoral system . He defined a faction as `` a number of citizens whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole , who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion , or of interest , adverse to the rights of other citizens , or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community . '' What was then called republican government ( i.e. , federalism , as opposed to direct democracy ) , with its varied distribution of voter rights and powers , would countervail against factions . Madison further postulated in the Federalist No. 10 that the greater the

The total number of presidential electoral votes is

What is the number of total presidential electoral votes?

-283793683772083530

Soil food web - wikipedia <H1> Soil food web </H1> Jump to : navigation , search An example of a topological food web ( image courtesy of USDA ) <P> The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil . It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment , plants , and animals . </P> <P> Food webs describe the transfer of energy between species in an ecosystem . While a food chain examines one , linear , energy pathway through an ecosystem , a food web is more complex and illustrates all of the potential pathways . Much of this transferred energy comes from the sun . Plants use the sun 's energy to convert inorganic compounds into energy - rich , organic compounds , turning carbon dioxide and minerals into plant material by photosynthesis . Plant flowers exude energy - rich nectar above ground and plant roots exude acids , sugars , and ectoenzymes into the rhizosphere , adjusting the pH and feeding the food web underground . </P> <P> Plants are called autotrophs because they make their own energy ; they are also called producers because they produce energy available for other organisms to eat . Heterotrophs are consumers that can not make their own food . In order to obtain energy they eat plants or other heterotrophs . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Above ground food webs </Li> <Li> 2 Methodology </Li> <Li> 3 Types of food webs <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Topological webs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Flow webs <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Interaction web </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Food web control <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Bottom - up effects </Li> <Li> 5.2 Top - down effects </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Community matrix models </Li> <Li> 7 Stability of food webs </Li> <Li> 8 Interactions not included in food webs </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Above ground food webs ( edit ) </H2> <P> In above ground food webs , energy moves from producers ( plants ) to primary consumers ( herbivores ) and then to secondary consumers ( predators ) . The phrase , trophic level , refers to the different levels or steps in the energy pathway . In other words , the producers , consumers , and decomposers are the main trophic levels . This chain of energy transferring from one species to another can continue several more times , but eventually ends . At the end of the food chain , decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead plant and animal material into simple nutrients . </P> <H2> Methodology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The nature of soil makes direct observation of food webs difficult . Since soil organisms range in size from less than 0.1 mm ( nematodes ) to greater than 2 mm ( earthworms ) there are many different ways to extract them . Soil samples are often taken using a metal core . Larger macrofauna such as earthworms and insect larva can be removed by hand , but this is impossible for smaller nematodes and soil arthropods . Most methods to extract small organisms are dynamic ; they depend on the ability of the organisms to move out of the soil . For example , a Berlese funnel , used to collect small arthropods , creates a light / heat gradient in the soil sample . As the microarthropods move down , away from the light and heat , they fall through a funnel and into a collection vial . A similar method , the Baermann funnel , is used for nematodes . The Baerman funnel is wet , however ( while the Berlese funnel is dry ) and does not depend on a light / heat gradient . Nematodes move out of the soil and to the bottom of the funnel because , as they move , they are denser than water and are unable to swim . Soil microbial communities are characterized in many different ways . The activity of microbes can be measured by their respiration and carbon dioxide release . The cellular components of microbes can be extracted from soil and genetically profiled , or microbial biomass can be calculated by weighing the soil before and after fumigation . </P> <H2> Types of food webs ( edit ) </H2> An example of a soil interaction web . Image courtesy of Kalessin11 . <P> There are three different types of food web representations : topological ( or traditional ) food webs , flow webs and interaction webs . These webs can describe systems both above and below ground . </P> <H3> Topological webs ( edit ) </H3> <P> Early food webs were topological ; they were descriptive and provided a nonquantitative picture of consumers , resources and the links between them . Pimm et al. ( 1991 ) described these webs as a map of which organisms in a community eat which other kinds . The earliest topological food web , made in 1912 , examined the predators and parasites of cotton boll weevil ( reviewed by Pimm et al. 1991 ) . Researchers analyzed and compared topological webs between ecosystems by measuring the web 's interaction chain lengths and connectivity . One problem faced in standardizing such measurements is that there are often too many species for each to have a separate box . Depending on the author , the number of species aggregated or separated into functional groups may be different . Authors may even eliminate some organisms . By convention , the dead material flowing back to detritus is not shown , as it would complicate the figure , but it is taken account in any calculations . </P> <H2> Flow webs ( edit ) </H2> <P> Miosis build on interconnected food chains , adding quantitative information on the movement of carbon or other nutrients from producers to consumers . Hunt et al. ( 1987 ) published the first flow web for soil , describing the short grass prairie in Colorado , USA . The authors estimated nitrogen transferral rates through the soil food web and calculated nitrogen mineralization rates for a range of soil organisms . In another landmark study , researchers from the Lovinkhoeve Experimental Farm in the Netherlands examined the flow of carbon and illustrated transfer rates with arrows of different thicknesses . </P> <P> In order to create a flow web , a topological web is first constructed . After the members of the web are decided , the biomass of each functional group is calculated , usually in kg carbon / hectare . In order to calculate feeding rates , researchers assume that the population of the functional group is in equilibrium . At equilibrium , the reproduction of the group balances the rate at which members are lost through natural death and predation When feeding rate is known , the efficiency with which nutrients are converted into organism biomass can be calculated . This energy stored in the organism represents the amount available to be passed on to the next trophic level . </P> <P> After constructing the first soil flow webs , researchers discovered that nutrients and energy flowed from lower resources to higher trophic levels through three main channels . The bacterial and fungal channels had the largest energy flow , while the herbivory channel , in which organisms directly consumed plant roots , was smaller . It is now widely recognized that bacteria and fungi are critical to the decomposition of carbon and nitrogen and play important roles in both the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle . </P> <H3> Interaction web ( edit ) </H3> <P> An interaction web , shown above right , is similar to a topological web , but instead of showing the movement of energy or materials , the arrows show how one group influences another . In interaction food web models , every link has two direct effects , one of the resource on the consumer and one of the consumer on the resource . The effect of the resource on the consumer is positive , ( the consumer gets to eat ) and the effect on the resource by the consumer is negative ( it is eaten ) . These direct , trophic , effects can lead to indirect effects . Indirect effects , represented by dashed lines , show the effect of one element on another to which it is not directly linked . For example , in the simple interaction web below , when the predator eats the root herbivore , the plant eaten by the herbivore may increase in biomass . We would then say that the predator has a beneficial indirect effect on the plant roots . </P> <H2> Food web control ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Bottom - up effects ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bottom - up effects occur when the density of a resource affects the density of its consumer . For example , in the figure above , an increase in root density causes an increase in herbivore density that causes a corresponding increase in predator density . Correlations in abundance or biomass between consumers and their resources give evidence for bottom - up control . An often - cited example of a bottom - up effect is the relationship between herbivores and the primary productivity of plants . In terrestrial ecosystems , the biomass of herbivores and detritivores increases with primary productivity . An increase in primary productivity will result in a larger influx of leaf litter into the soil ecosystem , which will provide more resources for bacterial and fungal populations to grow . More microbes will allow an increase in bacterial and fungal feeding nematodes , which are eaten by mites and other predatory nematodes . Thus , the entire food web swells as more resources are added to the base . When ecologists use the term , bottom - up control , they are indicating that the biomass , abundance , or diversity of higher trophic levels depend on resources from lower trophic levels . </P> <H3> Top - down effects ( edit ) </H3> <P> Ideas about top - down control are much more difficult to evaluate . Top - down effects occur when the population density of a consumer affects that of its resource ; for example , a predator affects the density of its prey . Top - down control , therefore , refers to situations where the abundance , diversity or biomass of lower trophic levels depends on effects from consumers at higher trophic levels . A trophic cascade is a type of top - down interaction that describes the indirect effects of predators . In a trophic cascade , predators induce effects that cascade down food chain and affect biomass of organisms at least two links away . </P> <P> The importance of trophic cascades and top - down control in terrestrial ecosystems is actively debated in ecology ( reviewed in Shurin et al. 2006 ) and the issue of whether trophic cascades occur in soils is no less complex Trophic cascades do occur in both the bacterial and fungal energy channels . However , cascades may be infrequent , because many other studies show no top - down effects of predators . In Mikola and Setälä 's study , microbes eaten by nematodes grew faster when they were grazed upon frequently . This compensatory growth slowed when the microbe feeding nematodes were removed . Therefore , although top predators reduced the number of microbe feeding nematodes , there was no overall change in microbial biomass . </P> <P> Besides the grazing effect , another barrier to top down control in soil ecosystems is widespread omnivory , which by increasing the number of trophic interactions , dampens effects from the top . The soil environment is also a matrix of different temperatures , moistures and nutrient levels , and many organisms are able to become dormant to withstand difficult times . Depending on conditions , predators

On a food web, fungi typically occupy the position at

Where does fungi go on a food web?

-5550418359037039165

Robert Adamson ( actor ) - wikipedia <H1> Robert Adamson ( actor ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . Please help by adding reliable sources . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous or harmful . ( July 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Robert Adamson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Robert Gillespie Adamson IV ( 1985 - 07 - 11 ) July 11 , 1985 ( age 32 ) Salt Lake City , Utah , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2005 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Robert Gillespie Adamson IV ( born July 11 , 1985 ) is an American actor . He has portrayed the roles of Phil Sanders on the television series Hollywood Heights and Charles Antoni on Lincoln Heights . He currently stars as Noah Newman on The Young and the Restless . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Personal life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Films </Li> <Li> 3.2 Television </Li> <Li> 3.3 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Personal LIFE ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . Please help by adding reliable sources . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous or harmful . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Adamson attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts until 2005 . Adamson and then - fiancée Linsey Godfrey welcomed daughter Aleda Seren , on June 12 , 2014 . He and Godfrey made their last public appearance together on April 26 , 2015 at the Daytime Emmy Awards . On August 3 , 2015 , after months of speculation , a representative for The Bold and the Beautiful confirmed that Adamson and Godfrey had ended their engagement , however , they would continue to raise their daughter `` in a loving and amicable environment and her needs will always be their common priority '' . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Adamson 's first role was in the series Cold Case as a fraternity brother of a murder suspect . He also guest - starred in the series It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia and had a part in the horror movie Dr. Chopper . From 2007 to 2009 , he portrayed teenager Charles Antoni on the ABC Family drama Lincoln Heights . In 2009 , he starred as Donny in the Disney Channel Original Movie Princess Protection Program alongside Disney stars Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez . He also guest - starred on Disney 's Sonny With a Chance . </P> <P> On August 24 , 2012 , Adamson replaced his former Princess Protection Program co-star Kevin G. Schmidt as Noah Newman on the CBS Daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless . He taped his first scenes on September 4 , for a first appearance on October 1 . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Films ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Dr. Chopper </Td> <Td> Nick </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Private High Musical </Td> <Td> Trey Belton </Td> <Td> YouTube , Parody of High School Musical </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Princess Protection Program </Td> <Td> Donny </Td> <Td> Disney Channel Original Movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> In the Mix </Td> <Td> Caleb </Td> <Td> Made - for - TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Devolved </Td> <Td> The Rog </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Prankster </Td> <Td> Eric Hood </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's Complicated </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Lip Service </Td> <Td> Nick Martin </Td> <Td> Film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Time to Shine </Td> <Td> Young James Scott </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Villisca </Td> <Td> Caleb </Td> <Td> Post-production </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Zoey to the Max </Td> <Td> Deputy Dan </Td> <Td> Post-production </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Cold Case </Td> <Td> Frank - 1995 </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Ravaged '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia </Td> <Td> Trey </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Underage Drinking : A National Concern '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 - 2009 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Heights </Td> <Td> Charles Antoni </Td> <Td> 43 episodes ; 2007 -- 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Sonny with a Chance </Td> <Td> Hayden </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Sonny in the Kitchen with Dinner '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jonas </Td> <Td> Ben </Td> <Td> Episodes : `` Date Expectations '' and `` A Wasabi Story '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Hollywood Heights </Td> <Td> Phil Sanders </Td> <Td> 80 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- present </Td> <Td> The Young and the Restless </Td> <Td> Noah Newman </Td> <Td> October 1 , 2012 -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> NCIS </Td> <Td> Lucas Craig </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Cadence '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Video games ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> King 's Quest III Redux : To Heir is Human </Td> <Td> Gwydion / Prince Alexander </Td> <Td> AGD Interactive Remake </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Clifford , Kambra ( June 23 , 2014 ) . `` ' B&B 's ' Linsey Godfrey and ' Y&R 's ' Robert Adamson Welcome Baby Girl '' . Soap Opera Network . Retrieved June 26 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Real - Life Couple Split. CBS Soaps in Depth . September 7 , 2015 . pg. 5 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ SOD ( August 3 , 2015 ) . `` EXCLUSIVE ! REAL - LIFE DUO SPLITS '' . Soap Opera Digest . United States . American Media , Inc . Retrieved August 3 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ 2.18 `` Ravaged '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Noah 's New Arc On Y&R '' . Soap Opera Digest . August 27 , 2012 . Retrieved June 15 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Robert Adamson on IMDb </Li> <Li> Interview </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 315533075 </Li> <Li> LCCN : n2015020502 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Adamson_(actor)&oldid=838043279 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1985 births </Li> <Li> American male television actors </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> 21st - century American male actors </Li> <Li> American male soap opera actors </Li> <Li> People from Salt Lake City </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> BLP articles lacking sources from July 2009 </Li> <Li> All BLP articles lacking sources </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> BLP articles lacking sources from March 2017 </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> 3 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 April 2018 , at 15 : 49 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

Noah Newman on The Young and the Restless is played by

Who plays noah newman on the young and the restless?

6680143054298906636

Botswana pula - wikipedia <H1> Botswana pula </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Botswana pula </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Obverse of 2 pula ( 1980s ) </Td> <Td> Reverse of 2 pula ( 1980s ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ISO 4217 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Code </Th> <Td> BWP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Denominations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subunit </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1 / 100 </Th> <Td> Thebe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Symbol </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Banknotes </Th> <Td> 10 , 20 , 50 , 100 and 200 pula </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coins </Th> <Td> 5 , 10 , 25 , 50 thebe , 1 , 2 , 5 pula </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Demographics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official user ( s ) </Th> <Td> Botswana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Unofficial user ( s ) </Th> <Td> Zimbabwe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Issuance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Central bank </Th> <Td> Bank of Botswana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.bankofbotswana.bw </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Valuation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inflation </Th> <Td> 2.8 % ( May 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> Bank of Botswana , 7 July 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Method </Th> <Td> CPI </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The pula is the currency of Botswana . It has the ISO 4217 code BWP and is subdivided into 100 thebe . Pula literally means `` rain '' in Setswana , because rain is very scarce in Botswana -- home to much of the Kalahari Desert -- and therefore valuable and a blessing . The word also serves as the national motto of the country . </P> <P> A sub-unit of the currency is known as thebe , or `` shield '' , and represents defence . The names were picked with the help of the public . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Coins </Li> <Li> 3 Banknotes </Li> <Li> 4 Zimbabwe </Li> <Li> 5 Lesotho </Li> <Li> 6 In literature </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The pula was introduced in 1976 , replacing the South African rand at par . Despite a 12 % devaluation in May 2005 , the pula remains one of the strongest currencies in Africa . </P> <H2> Coins ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1976 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 5 , 10 , 25 and 50 thebe and 1 pula . The 1 thebe was struck in aluminium , with the 5 thebe in bronze and the others in cupro - nickel . These coins were round except for the scalloped 1 pula . Bronze , dodecagonal 2 thebe coins were introduced in 1981 and discontinued after 1985 . In 1991 , bronze - plated steel replaced bronze in the 5 thebe , nickel - plated steel replaced cupro - nickel in the 10 , 25 and 50 thebe and the 1 pula changed to a smaller , nickel - brass , equilateral - curve seven - sided coin . A similarly shaped , nickel - brass 2 pula was introduced in 1994 . In 2004 , the composition was changed to brass - plated steel and the size was slightly reduced . </P> <P> In 1998 , following the withdrawal of the 1 and 2 thebe , smaller 5 , 10 , 25 and 50 thebe coins were introduced , with the 5 and 25 thebe coins being seven - sided and the 10 and 50 thebe coins remaining round . A bimetallic 5 pula depicting a mopane caterpillar and a branch of the mopane tree it feeds on was introduced in 2000 composed of a cupronickel center in a ring made of aluminium - nickel - bronze . </P> <P> A new series of coins was introduced in 2013 . </P> <H2> Banknotes ( edit ) </H2> <P> On August 23 , 1976 , the Bank of Botswana introduced notes in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , and 10 pula ; a 20 - pula note followed on February 16 , 1978 . The 1 and 2 pula notes were replaced by coins in 1991 and 1994 , whilst the first 50 and 100 pula notes were introduced on May 29 , 1990 and August 23 , 1993 , respectively . The 5 pula note was replaced by a coin in 2000 . The original 1 , 2 and 5 pula banknotes were demonetized on 1 July 2011 . </P> <P> The previous series of notes was introduced on 23 August 2009 and contains for the first time , a 200 - pula banknote . </P> <P> The new P 10 polymer banknote version was introduced on late November 2017 , and released to the public on February 1 , 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Banknotes of the Botswana pula ( 2009 issue ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Image </Th> <Th> Value </Th> <Th> Main color </Th> <Th> Obverse </Th> <Th> Reverse </Th> <Th> Watermark </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 pula </Td> <Td> Green </Td> <Td> President Seretse Khama Ian Khama </Td> <Td> Parliament building , Gaborone </Td> <Td> Rampant zebra and electrotype 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 pula </Td> <Td> Red </Td> <Td> Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete </Td> <Td> Mining equipment </Td> <Td> Rampant zebra and electrotype 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 50 pula </Td> <Td> Brown </Td> <Td> President Sir Seretse Khama </Td> <Td> Okavango Delta swamps , boat , fish eagle </Td> <Td> Rampant zebra and electrotype 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 100 pula </Td> <Td> Blue </Td> <Td> Three chiefs ( Sebele I , Bathoen I , Khama III ) </Td> <Td> Diamond sorting , open - pit diamond mine </Td> <Td> Rampant zebra and electrotype 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 200 pula </Td> <Td> Purple </Td> <Td> Female teacher and children </Td> <Td> Zebras </Td> <Td> Rampant zebra and electrotype 200 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Current BWP exchange rates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> From Google Finance : </Td> <Td> AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ZAR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> From Yahoo ! Finance : </Td> <Td> AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ZAR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> From XE : </Td> <Td> AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ZAR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> From OANDA : </Td> <Td> AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ZAR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> From fxtop.com : </Td> <Td> AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD ZAR </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Zimbabwe ( edit ) </H2> <P> Due to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in 2006 to 2008 , the government has allowed circulation of foreign currency since September 2008 . Local currency became obsolete on April 12 , 2009 . Several currencies , including the South African rand and Botswana pula circulate in Zimbabwe , along with the Zimbabwean Bond Coins . </P> <H2> Lesotho ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word Pula also serves as part of the national motto of the Kingdom of Lesotho . As in Botswana , it means `` rain '' in the Sotho language and is considered a synonym for blessing . </P> <H2> In literature ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Botswana Pula became widely known internationally through numerous references in the No. 1 Ladies ' Detective Agency by Alexander McCall Smith , making it possible for readers worldwide to get an idea of the Pula 's purchasing power . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Economy of Botswana </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Accessed 2009 - 09 - 02 '' . Banknotenews.com . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 28 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Alongside Zimbabwean dollar ( suspended indefinitely from 12 April 2009 ) , euro , US dollar , pound sterling , South African rand , Indian rupee , Australian dollar , Chinese yuan and Japanese yen . The US dollar has been adopted as the official currency for all government transactions in Zimbabwe . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Masire , Ketumile ( 2006 ) . Very brave or very foolish ? . Macmillan Botswana . p. 81 . ISBN 978 - 99912 - 404 - 8 - 0 . Pula ( rain ) was an easy choice for the currency , and the decimal coins were called thebe ( shield ) . ( Memoirs of a former president of Botswana ) </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Standard Chartered Review . Standard Chartered Bank . 1976 . p. 9 . The new names pula and thebe were chosen following an invitation to the public to submit their suggestions ( ... ) The meaning of `` thebe '' is shield -- the traditional means of defence . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Linzmayer , Owen ( 2011 ) . `` Botswana '' . The Banknote Book . San Francisco , CA : www.BanknoteNews.com . Retrieved 2011 - 08 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Botswana issues new note series , BanknoteNews.com , Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 05 . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Krause , Chester L. ; Clifford Mishler ( 1991 ) . Standard Catalog of World Coins : 1801 -- 1991 ( 18th ed . ) . Krause Publications . ISBN 0873411501 . </Li> <Li> Pick , Albert ( 1994 ) . Standard Catalog of World Paper Money : General Issues . Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer ( editors ) ( 7th ed . ) . Krause Publications . ISBN 0 - 87341 - 207 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Schön , Günter und Gerhard , Weltmünzkatalog 1900 -- 2010 , 39 . Auflage , 2011 , Battenberg Gietl Verlag , ISBN 978 - 3 - 86646 - 057 - 7 </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Botswana pula . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Historical banknotes of Botswana </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="1"> Preceded by : South African rand Reason : creation of independent currency Ratio : at par </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Currency of Botswana 1976 -- </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Succeeded by : Current </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Economy of Botswana </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Currency : Botswana pula </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Communications </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Banking </Li> <Li> Communications </Li> <Li> History of Trade </Li> <Li> Transportation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industries : </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agriculture </Li> <Li> Mining </Li> <Li> Tourism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Currency symbols ( ¤ ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Circulating </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ؋ </Li> <Li> ฿ </Li> <Li> ₵ </Li> <Li> ₡ </Li> <Li> ¢ </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> $ </Li> <Li> ₫ </Li> <Li> ֏ </Li> <Li> € </Li> <Li> ƒ </Li> <Li> ₲ </Li> <Li> ₴ </Li> <Li> ₾ </Li> <Li> ₭ </Li> <Li> ₺ </Li> <Li> ₼ </Li> <Li> ₦ </Li> <Li> ₱ </Li> <Li> £ </Li> <Li> 元 </Li> <Li> 圆 </Li> <Li> 圓 </Li> <Li> ریال </Li> <Li> ៛ </Li> <Li> ₽ </Li> <Li> ₹ </Li> <Li> ૱ </Li> <Li> ௹ </Li> <Li> ꠸ </Li> <Li> Rs </Li> <Li> ₪ </Li> <Li> ৳ </Li> <Li> ₸ </Li> <Li> ₮ </Li> <Li> ₩ </Li> <Li> ¥ </Li> <Li> 円 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Historic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ₳ </Li> <Li> ₢ </Li> <Li> ₰ </Li> <Li> ₯ </Li> <Li> ₠ </Li> <Li> ₣ </Li> <Li> ₤ </Li> <Li> ₶ </Li> <Li> RM </Li> <Li> M </Li> <Li> ₧ </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 𐆚 </Li> <Li> 𐆖 </Li> <Li> 𐆙 </Li> <Li> 𐆗 </Li> <Li> 𐆘 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncirculated </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ₿

The Botswana currency first came into circulation in

When did the botswana currency first come into circulation?

2632565114286235954

The Resident ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> The Resident ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Resident </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Medical drama </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amy Holden Jones </Li> <Li> Hayley Schore </Li> <Li> Roshan Sethi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Matt Czuchry </Li> <Li> Emily VanCamp </Li> <Li> Manish Dayal </Li> <Li> Shaunette Renée Wilson </Li> <Li> Bruce Greenwood </Li> <Li> Moran Atias </Li> <Li> Merrin Dungey </Li> <Li> Melina Kanakaredes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jon Ehrlich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 11 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amy Holden Jones </Li> <Li> Antoine Fuqua </Li> <Li> Phillip Noyce </Li> <Li> Oly Obst </Li> <Li> David Boorstein </Li> <Li> Todd Harthan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Single - camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 43 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fuqua Films </Li> <Li> 3 Arts Entertainment </Li> <Li> Up Island Films </Li> <Li> Nickels Productions </Li> <Li> 20th Century Fox Television </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> 20th Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 21 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Resident is an American medical drama television series created by Amy Holden Jones , Hayley Schore and Roshan Sethi . The pilot was ordered to series by Fox on May 10 , 2017 . It premiered on January 21 , 2018 , as a midseason entry in the 2017 -- 18 television season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Main </Li> <Li> 1.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 1.3 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes </Li> <Li> 3 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Matt Czuchry as Senior Resident Dr. Conrad Hawkins </Li> <Li> Emily VanCamp as Nurse Nicolette `` Nic '' Nevin , a nurse practitioner . </Li> <Li> Manish Dayal as Dr. Devon Pravesh </Li> <Li> Shaunette Renée Wilson as Dr. Mina Okafor </Li> <Li> Bruce Greenwood as Dr. Randolph Bell , chief of surgery </Li> <Li> Moran Atias as Renata Morali </Li> <Li> Merrin Dungey as Claire Thorpe </Li> <Li> Melina Kanakaredes as Dr. Lane Hunter </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Elizabeth Faith Ludlow as Dr. Cara Ramirez </Li> <Li> Violett Beane as Lily Kendall </Li> <Li> Warren Christie as Dr. Jude Silva </Li> <Li> Tasso Feldman as Dr. Irving Feldman </Li> </Ul> <H3> Notes ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Was not credited in the pilot episode , but has been main cast credited since the second episode , `` Independence Day '' . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> Phillip Noyce </Td> <Td> Amy Holden Jones & Hayley Schore & Roshan Sethi </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP01 </Td> <Td> 8.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Independence Day '' </Td> <Td> Phillip Noyce </Td> <Td> Amy Holden Jones </Td> <Td> January 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP02 </Td> <Td> 4.70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Comrades in Arms '' </Td> <Td> Rob Corn </Td> <Td> Andrew Chapman </Td> <Td> January 29 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 29 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP03 </Td> <Td> 4.75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Identity Crisis '' </Td> <Td> Bill D'Elia </Td> <Td> Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter </Td> <Td> February 5 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP04 </Td> <Td> 4.87 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` None the Wiser '' </Td> <Td> James Roday </Td> <Td> Todd Harthan & Tianna Majumdar - Langham & Chris Bessounian </Td> <Td> February 26 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP05 </Td> <Td> 3.86 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` No Matter the Cost '' </Td> <Td> David Rodriguez </Td> <Td> Nkechi Okoro Carroll </Td> <Td> March 5 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP06 </Td> <Td> 4.08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> `` The Elopement '' </Td> <Td> Rob Corn </Td> <Td> Kevin Falls </Td> <Td> March 12 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP07 </Td> <Td> 3.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> `` Family Affair '' </Td> <Td> Thomas Carter </Td> <Td> Story by : Kevin Falls Teleplay by : Nkechi Okoro Carroll & Zachary Lutsky </Td> <Td> March 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP12 </Td> <Td> 4.22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> `` Lost Love '' </Td> <Td> Bronwen Hughes </Td> <Td> Amy Holden Jones </Td> <Td> March 26 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP08 </Td> <Td> 4.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> `` Haunted '' </Td> <Td> David Crabtree </Td> <Td> Andrew Chapman </Td> <Td> April 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP09 </Td> <Td> 4.30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> `` And the Nurses Get Screwed '' </Td> <Td> Liz Allen </Td> <Td> Elizabeth J.B. Klaviter & Peter Chen </Td> <Td> April 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP10 </Td> <Td> 3.96 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> `` Rude Awakenings and the Raptor '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> April 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP11 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> `` Run , Doctor , Run '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 1LAP13 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Broadcast ( edit ) </H2> <P> Internationally , the series is shown on Seven Network in Australia and City in Canada . In Latin America in May through FOX . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Ratings ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 2.6 / 10 </Td> <Td> 8.65 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> <Td> 2.83 </Td> <Td> 3.4 </Td> <Td> 11.48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Independence Day '' </Td> <Td> January 22 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 1.0 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.70 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> <Td> 2.77 </Td> <Td> 1.8 </Td> <Td> 7.47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Comrades in Arms '' </Td> <Td> January 29 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 1.0 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.75 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 3.04 </Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td> 7.79 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Identity Crisis '' </Td> <Td> February 5 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 1.1 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.87 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> <Td> 2.95 </Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td> 7.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` None the Wiser '' </Td> <Td> February 26 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.8 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.86 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 3.24 </Td> <Td> 1.7 </Td> <Td> 7.10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` No Matter the Cost '' </Td> <Td> March 5 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 3 </Td> <Td> 4.08 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.98 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 7.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` The Elopement '' </Td> <Td> March 12 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.8 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.80 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.90 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 6.70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Family Affair '' </Td> <Td> March 19 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.22 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Lost Love '' </Td> <Td> March 26 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.21 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.90 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 7.11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Haunted '' </Td> <Td> April 16 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 3 </Td> <Td> 4.30 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` And the Nurses Get Screwed '' </Td> <Td> April 23 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.96 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 59 % based on 17 reviews , with an average rating of 4.89 / 10 . The website 's critical consensus reads , `` With sporadic amusement and a handful of decent performances , The Resident drifts between medical melodrama and hospital horror with often unintentionally funny results . '' On Metacritic , which uses a normalized rating to reviews , assigned a weight average score of 54 out of 100 , based on 12 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( May 10 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Resident ' Medical Drama Pilot From Amy Holden Jones & Antoine Fuqua Gets Fox Series Order '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 10 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pederson , Erik ( November 21 , 2017 ) . `` ' LA To Vegas ' & ' The Resident ' Get Premiere Dates On Fox '' . Deadline . Retrieved November 23 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( February 24 , 2017 ) . `` Matt Czuchry To Star In ' The Resident ' Fox Medical Drama Pilot '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved February 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( March 16 , 2017 ) . `` Emily VanCamp To Star In ' The Resident ' Fox Medical Drama Pilot '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 16 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( February 22 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Resident ' : Manish Dayal Stars , Bruce Greenwood Co-Stars In Fox Drama Pilot '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved February 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Petski , Denise ( March 7 , 2017 )

The TV show "The Resident" stars

Who plays on the tv show the resident?

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Catherine Tramell - wikipedia <H1> Catherine Tramell </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in - universe style . Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective . ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Catherine Tramell </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Basic Instinct character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sharon Stone as Catherine Tramell in Basic Instinct </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Basic Instinct </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last appearance </Th> <Td> Basic Instinct 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Sharon Stone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Novelist </Li> <Li> Femme fatale </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significant other ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nick Curran ( Basic Instinct ) </Li> <Li> Michael Glass ( Basic Instinct 2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> M.O. </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Seducing and manipulating her victims </Li> <Li> Stabbing murders with an ice pick </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Catherine Tramell is a fictional character and main antagonist in the film Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) and its sequel , Basic Instinct 2 ( 2006 ) . Catherine , created by writer Joe Eszterhas , is played by Sharon Stone in both films . In Basic Instinct , Tramell is a serial killer and love interest of washed - up detective Nick Curran ; Basic Instinct 2 pairs her with the similarly troubled British psychologist Michael Glass . </P> <P> One European critic defined Catherine Tramell as `` a mix between the classic femme fatale and the new psycho killers , one of the most evil characters ever created , on Hannibal Lecter 's level '' . She was nominated to be a member of the American Film Institute 's `` Best Villains '' list . She was also included as one of the best 250 fiction villains ever created . In June 2010 , Entertainment Weekly named her one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Appearances <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Basic Instinct </Li> <Li> 1.2 Basic Instinct 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Tramell 's victims in Basic Instinct </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Appearances ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Basic Instinct ( edit ) </H3> <P> Basic Instinct establishes Tramell as a successful crime novelist who is connected to the violent stabbing death of a washed up rock musician , Johnny Boz who was found in his bed tied to the bed posts with a white silk scarf . She is subsequently investigated by San Francisco homicide detectives Nick Curran ( Michael Douglas ) and Gus Moran ( George Dzundza ) , who learn that Boz died in exactly the same manner as a character in Tramell 's most recent novel . Tramell shows little emotion upon hearing of Boz 's death and , under questioning by the police , behaves provocatively ; in the film 's most famous scene , Tramell re-crosses her legs to show that she is not wearing underwear beneath her short skirt . </P> <P> Curran looks into Tramell 's troubled history and links her to the deaths of her parents , her counselor at UC Berkeley , and her former fiancé ; she also has a habit of befriending imprisoned murderers . However , when he confronts Tramell , she taunts him with knowledge of his drug addiction . Thinking that Tramell received the confidential information from an adversarial Internal Affairs investigator , Marty Nilsen , a violent Curran gets himself suspended and falls into a drunken stupor . After Nilsen is found dead , he becomes the prime suspect . Curran , increasingly seduced by Tramell , becomes sexually involved with her ; she tells him that he will be the basis of the character in her next novel . </P> <P> A torrid affair between Nick and Catherine begins with the air of a cat - and - mouse game . Nick shows up at a club and witness her sniffing coke in a bathroom stall . Later , they have sex at Catherine 's apartment . During sex , Catherine ties Nick up with a white silk scarf as Nick watches her in terror and she rides him just like she did Johny Boz but does not kill him . </P> <P> Tramell 's lesbian lover , Roxy , unsuccessfully attempts to kill Curran and dies in a car crash . Tramell 's apparent grief over Roxy 's death leads Curran to doubt her guilt . Curran then learns that as a college student , Tramell had a lesbian encounter with Beth Garner , a police psychologist he previously had an affair with . Upon finding the manuscript to Tramell 's latest novel , Curran realizes that Moran is in danger ; he is too late to stop Moran 's apparent murder by Garner , whom he shoots when he thinks she is retrieving a weapon . Evidence collected in Beth 's apartment points to her as the killer of Boz , Nilsen , Moran , and her own husband . She is ultimately branded as the killer . </P> <P> Curran is left confused and dejected , knowing from the manuscript that Tramell was involved in Moran 's murder and somehow set up Garner . When he tries to confront her , the two end up making love . During a session of pillow talk , Tramell reaches for something under the bed before abruptly resuming sex . The camera pans below the bed to show Tramell 's weapon of choice -- an ice pick -- showing that she wants to kill Curran . </P> <H3> Basic Instinct 2 ( edit ) </H3> <P> Fifteen years after the events of the first movie , Tramell speeds through London in a sports car with Kevin Franks , an English football player . After taking Franks ' hand to masturbate herself and reach climax , Tramell crashes the car into the Thames river and ultimately leaves Franks to drown . When Scotland Yard finds evidence of her culpability in the death , Tramell is made to take therapy sessions with a court - appointed psychologist , Dr. Michael Glass ( David Morrissey ) . At her trial , Glass testifies that Tramell is a narcissist who suffers from a pathological `` risk addiction '' , showing no regard for right or wrong . However , Glass ' testimony is deemed insufficient , and Tramell goes free . </P> <P> Tramell begins playing mind games with Glass , who finds himself becoming both frustrated and increasingly intrigued by her . Eventually , he succumbs to temptation and begins an illicit affair with Tramell . However , following the murder of his ex-wife's partner -- a journalist planning to write a negative story about Glass -- he suspects that she is trying to frame him for the killing . As more people close to Glass turn up dead , his obsession with Tramell grows to the point where it threatens his career and livelihood . Eventually , Glass himself can no longer tell right from wrong as the police suspect him of involvement in the crimes . </P> <P> During Glass ' confrontation with Tramell , she reveals that her latest novel is based on the present situation , featuring characters based on herself , Glass , and the victims . Tramell suggests that her next victim is Glass ' colleague , Dr. Gardosh ( Charlotte Rampling ) . However , this turns out to be a ruse tricking Glass into having a violent confrontation with Gardosh and subsequently shooting Detective Spt . Roy Washburn ( David Thewlis ) , the officer investigating the murders . Glass is subsequently committed to a mental hospital , where Tramell claims that she manipulated him into committing the crimes . A stymied Glass is left to silently rage at his predicament . </P> <H2> Tramell 's victims in Basic Instinct ( edit ) </H2> <P> Prior to and during Basic Instinct , the following people met a violent death , almost all of them killed by Catherine : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Identity </Th> <Th> Method </Th> <Th> Supposed Motive </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Deaths prior to Basic Instinct </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marvin and Elaine Tramell </Td> <Td> Catherine 's parents </Td> <Td> Boat explosion </Td> <Td> To see if she could get away with it , inheritance </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Noah Goldstein </Td> <Td> Catherine 's college counselor </Td> <Td> Stabbed with an ice pick </Td> <Td> Unknown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manny Vásquez </Td> <Td> Catherine 's fiance </Td> <Td> Killed in the ring during a ( possibly rigged ) boxing match </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joseph Garner </Td> <Td> Elizabeth Garner 's husband </Td> <Td> Shot during a drive - by shooting </Td> <Td> To get back at Elizabeth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Deaths during Basic Instinct </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Johnny Boz </Td> <Td> Catherine 's boyfriend </Td> <Td> Stabbed with an ice pick during sexual intercourse </Td> <Td> To copy her novel and give herself an alibi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Roxy </Td> <Td> Catherine 's lesbian lover </Td> <Td> Car accident while being pursued by Nick </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Officer Martin Nilsen </Td> <Td> SFPD Internal Affairs officer </Td> <Td> Shot in the head </Td> <Td> To put Nick in the same situation as her </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gus Moran </Td> <Td> Nick 's partner </Td> <Td> Stabbed with an ice pick in an elevator </Td> <Td> Copying her newest book </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elizabeth Garner </Td> <Td> Her and Nick 's former lover </Td> <Td> Shot by Nick </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A potential victim of hers is Nick Curran , who is almost stabbed during the film 's final scenes . The ending is ambiguous : either Catherine retires from her criminal career for good or only postpones killing Nick . Incidentally , Nick Curran has disappeared by the second movie . During an interview in Spain , Sharon Stone commented that `` poor Nick is dead , '' implying with a swift stabbing motion that an ice pick was indeed used . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Vary , Adam B. ( June 1 , 2010 ) . `` The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years : Here 's our full list ! '' . Entertainment Weekly . Time Inc . Retrieved July 7 , 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Catherine Tramell on IMDb </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Tramell&oldid=807028647 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Fictional bisexual females </Li> <Li> Fictional characters from San Francisco </Li> <Li> Fictional characters introduced in 1992 </Li> <Li> Fictional psychologists </Li> <Li> Fictional serial killers </Li> <Li> Fictional writers </Li> <Li> Thriller film characters </Li> <Li> Narcissism in fiction </Li> <Li> Fictional cocaine users </Li> <Li> Psychopathy in fiction </Li> <Li> Fictional LGBT characters in film </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from February 2017 </Li>

The real killer in Basic Instinct 2 is

Who is the real killer in basic instinct 2?

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Beam me up , Scotty - wikipedia <H1> Beam me up , Scotty </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Beam me up ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Beam me up , Scotty </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Td> James T. Kirk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Td> William Shatner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First used in </Th> <Td> Star Trek , though not verbatim </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Beam me up , Scotty '' is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series Star Trek . It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer , Montgomery `` Scotty '' Scott , when he needs to be transported back to the Starship Enterprise . </P> <P> Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films , the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any Star Trek television episode or film . </P> <P> Despite this , the quote has become a phrase of its own over time . It can be used to describe one 's desire to be elsewhere , technology such as teleportation , slang for certain drugs , or as a phrase to show appreciation and association with the television show . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Precise quotations </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Precise quotations ( edit ) </H2> <P> Despite the phrase entering into popular culture , it is a misquotation and has never been said in any of the television series or films . There have , however , been several `` near misses '' of phrasing . In the Original Series episodes `` The Gamesters of Triskelion '' and `` The Savage Curtain '' , Kirk said , `` Scotty , beam us up '' ; while in the episode `` This Side of Paradise , '' Kirk simply said , `` Beam me up '' . The animated episodes `` The Lorelei Signal '' and `` The Infinite Vulcan '' used the phrasing `` Beam us up , Scotty '' . The original film series has the wording `` Scotty , beam me up '' in Star Trek IV : The Voyage Home and `` Beam them out of there , Scotty '' in Star Trek Generations . The complete phrase was eventually said by William Shatner in the audio adaptation of his novel Star Trek : The Ashes of Eden . </P> <P> James Doohan , the actor who played Scotty , later chose this phrase as the title of his autobiography . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The popularity of the misquotation has led to many new phrases , both associated with Star Trek or otherwise . </P> <P> The misquotation 's influence led to James Doohan , the actor who played Scotty , to be misrepresented in his own obituary . In it , he is referenced as the character who `` responded to the command , `` Beam me up , Scotty '' , despite having never responded to this exact command in the show . </P> <P> The quote `` Beam me up , Scotty ! '' has been extended beyond its original meaning to describe an expression of `` the desire to be elsewhere '' , or the desire to be out of an unwanted situation . Along with this , it has been associated with things that are futuristic , such as the possibility of teleportation . </P> <P> The phrase has also been used as slang for certain drugs . An Oxford Reference page defined `` Beam me up , Scotty '' as `` a mixture of phencyclidine and cocaine '' and to `` talk to Scotty , high off Scotty , see Scotty ... etc . '' . </P> <P> In recent usage , the phrase has been referenced by Baxter County Sheriff 's drug slang defnitions . It is also referenced in the book `` Vice Slang '' by Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor , for crack cocaine , and to describe `` Beamers , Beemers '' , as those taking said drugs . </P> <P> The exact timing of when the phrase became popular is unclear . However , early signs of the quote 's usage to describe something separate of Star Trek can be found roughly ten years after Star Trek 's airing in 1966 , in a publication of the Royal Aeronautical Journal . It describes a certain routine as `` a sort of ' beam me up scotty ' routine ' '' . Over time , the phrase has been extended to , `` Beam me up , Scotty , there 's no intelligent life down here ! '' , popularized on bumper stickers and t - shirts , despite neither quote ever being said on the show . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Misquotations </Li> <Li> James Traficant , a U.S. Congressman from Ohio who used the catchphrase during his service ( 1985 -- 2002 ) in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1997 to 2002 . </Li> <Li> Beam me up Scotty ( mixtape ) </Li> <Li> Beam Me Up , Scotty ( D.C. Scorpio song ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Beam Me Up Scotty '' . Sunday Mirror. April 1 , 2007 . Retrieved December 27 , 2013 . ( subscription required ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beam Me Up , Scotty - TV Tropes </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomas , Bob ( July 20 , 2005 ) . `` ' Star Trek 's ' Doohan dies , immortalized for ' Beam me up , Scotty ' '' . Associated Press . Archived from the original on June 10 , 2014 . Retrieved December 27 , 2013 . ( subscription required ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.legacy.com/ns/james-doohan-obituary/14596035 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://greensdictofslang.com/search/basic?q=beam+me+up+scotty </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.npr.org/2017/07/14/537174817/scientists-teleport-a-photon-into-space </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160921082605.htm </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199829941.001.0001/acref-9780199829941-e-2583?rskey=lsCDby&result=3 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://greensdictofslang.com/search/basic?q=beam+me+up+scotty </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.baxtercountysheriff.com/plugins/show_image.php?id=917 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/134109/Dalzell%2C_Victor_-_Vice_Slang.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://books.google.ca/books?redir_esc=y&id=w0dWAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Beam+me+up+Scotty%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Beam+me+up+Scotty%22 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/BEAM-SCOTTY-Theres-Intelligent-Life/dp/B00NCCAV5W </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.feelingoodtees.com/BEAM-ME-UP-SCOTTY-THERES-NO-INTELLIGENT-LIFE-DOWN-HERE-T-SHIRTWHITE-INK-P2821.aspx </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Michael Quinion ( August 6 , 1996 ) . `` BEAM ME UP , SCOTTY ! '' . World Wide Words . </Li> <Li> Barbara Mikkelson ( July 18 , 2007 ) . `` Beam Me Up , Scotty ! '' . 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A "Beam Me Up Scotty" cocktail typically contains

What's in a beam me up scotty?

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Easter Bunny - wikipedia <H1> Easter Bunny </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Easter Bunny <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A 1907 postcard featuring the Easter Bunny </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grouping </Th> <Td> Legendary creature </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sub grouping </Th> <Td> Animal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mythology </Th> <Td> Folkloric figure and symbol of Easter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other name ( s ) </Th> <Td> Easter Rabbit , Easter Hare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Habitat </Th> <Td> Grass </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Easter Bunny ( also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare ) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter , depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs . Originating among German Lutherans , the `` Easter Hare '' originally played the role of a judge , evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide . The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes . In legend , the creature carries colored eggs in his basket , candy , and sometimes also toys to the homes of children , and as such shows similarities to Santa Claus or the Christkind , as they both bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays . The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau 's De ovis paschalibus ( ' About Easter Eggs ' ) in 1682 , referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Symbols <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Rabbits and hares </Li> <Li> 1.2 Eggs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Association with Ēostre <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Transformed bird </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Symbols </H2> <H3> Rabbits and hares </H3> <P> The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art . In ancient times , it was widely believed ( as by Pliny , Plutarch , Philostratus , and Aelian ) that the hare was a hermaphrodite . The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary , with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated manuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child . It may also have been associated with the Holy Trinity , as in the three hares motif . Eggs , like rabbits and hares , are fertility symbols of antiquity . Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring , these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox . </P> <P> Rabbits and hares are both prolific breeders . Female hares can conceive a second litter of offspring while still pregnant with the first . This phenomenon is known as superfetation . Lagomorphs mature sexually at an early age and can give birth to several litters a year ( hence the saying , `` to breed like rabbits '' or `` to breed like bunnies '' ) . It is therefore not surprising that rabbits and hares should become fertility symbols , or that their springtime mating antics should enter into Easter folklore . </P> <H3> Eggs </H3> Main articles : Easter egg and Egg decorating <P> In addition , Orthodox churches have a custom of abstaining from eggs during the fast of Lent . The only way to keep them from being wasted was to boil or roast them , and begin eating them to break the fast . As a special dish , they would probably have been decorated as part of the celebrations . Later , German Protestants retained the custom of eating colored eggs for Easter , though they did not continue the tradition of fasting . Eggs boiled with some flowers change their color , bringing the spring into the homes , and some over time added the custom of decorating the eggs . Many Christians of the Eastern Orthodox Church to this day typically dye their Easter eggs red , the color of blood , in recognition of the blood of the sacrificed Christ ( and , of the renewal of life in springtime ) . Some also use the color green , in honor of the new foliage emerging after the long - dead time of winter . The Ukrainian art of decorating eggs for Easter , known as pysanky , dates to ancient , pre-Christian times . Similar variants of this form of artwork are seen amongst other eastern and central European cultures . </P> <P> The idea of an egg - giving hare went to the U.S. in the 18th century . Protestant German immigrants in the Pennsylvania Dutch area told their children about the `` Osterhase '' ( sometimes spelled `` Oschter Haws '' ) . Hase means `` hare '' , not rabbit , and in Northwest European folklore the `` Easter Bunny '' indeed is a hare . According to the legend , only good children received gifts of colored eggs in the nests that they made in their caps and bonnets before Easter . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Dreihasenfenster ( Window of Three Hares ) in Paderborn Cathedral in Paderborn , Germany </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Marshmallow bunnies and candy eggs in an Easter basket </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A bunny and decorated Easter eggs </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A chocolate Easter Bunny </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Chocolate Easter Bunny molds from Alsace Musée du pain d'épices </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Association with Ēostre </H2> <P> In his 1835 Deutsche Mythologie , Jacob Grimm states `` The Easter Hare is unintelligible to me , but probably the hare was the sacred animal of Ostara '' . This proposed association was repeated by other authors including Charles Isaac Elton and Charles J Billson . In 1961 Christina Hole wrote , `` The hare was the sacred beast of Eastre ( or Eostre ) , a Saxon goddess of Spring and of the dawn . '' The belief that Ēostre had a hare companion who became the Easter Bunny was popularized when it was presented as fact in the BBC documentary Shadow of the Hare ( 1993 ) . </P> <P> The Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore however states `` ... there is no shred of evidence '' that hares were sacred to Ēostre , noting that Bede does not associate her with any animal . </P> <H3> Transformed bird </H3> <P> Sarah Ben Breathnach in Mrs Sharp 's Traditions ( 1990 ) provides an origin story for the Easter Bunny : `` According to legend , Eostre 's favorite animal was a large handsome bird , which in a fit of anger she turned into a hare . '' Another version of this story , in which Ēostre transforms the bird into a hare in an act of mercy , was written by Jean - Andrew Dickmann and appeared in Cricket magazine . Both Breathnach and Dickmann present their respective ' transformed bird ' stories as if they were legend , though no earlier version of either has been attested . </P> <H2> See also </H2> <Ul> <Li> Domestic and pet rabbits </Li> <Li> Easter Bilby </Li> <Li> Ēostre </Li> <Li> Mad as a March hare </Li> <Li> Osterfuchs ( Easter Fox ) ( in German ) </Li> <Li> Rabbits in the arts </Li> <Li> Rabbits in culture and literature </Li> <Li> The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs </Li> </Ul> <H2> References </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Cross , Gary ( 2004 ) . Wondrous Innocence and Modern American Children 's Culture . Oxford University Press . ISBN 0195348133 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Easter Bunny - What Does He Have To Do With Easter ? , occultcenter.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Franck von Franckenau , Georg ( 1682 ) . Disputatione ordinaria disquirens de ovis paschalibus / von Oster - Eyern . Satyrae Medicae . XVIII . Heidelberg . p. 6 . Retrieved 18 July 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Chapman , Chris ( 2004 ) . `` What does the Symbol Mean ? '' . Three Hares Project . Retrieved 20 April 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Marta Powell Harley . `` Rosalind , the hare , and the hyena in Shakespeare 's As You Like It '' . Shakespeare Quarterly . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sir Thomas Browne ( 1646 ; 6th ed. , 1672 ) Pseudodoxia Epidemica III : xvii ( pp. 162 - 166 ) '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Three Hares as representation of the Trinity '' . Threehares.blogspot.com. 2006 - 02 - 25 . Retrieved 2010 - 06 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Heller , Steven ( April 2014 ) . `` Seeing Rabbits '' . Academic Search Complete ( Vol. 68 Issue 2 ) . access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Martinez - Gomez , Margarita ( September 2004 ) . `` Overlapping litters and reproductive performance in the domestic rabbit '' . Academic Search Complete ( Vol. 82 Issue 4 ) . Physiology & Behavior . access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lumpkin , Susan ; John Seidensticker ( 2011 ) . Rabbits : The Animal Answer Guide . JHU Press . ISBN 0 - 8018 - 9789 - 0 . p. 122 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Shrove Tuesday Pancakes ! by Bridget Haggerty - Irish Culture & Customs , World Cultures European , paragraph 5 line 2 refers to the Catholic custom of abstaining from eggs during Lent . Accessed 3 / 1 / 08 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Snodgrass , Lucie L. ( March 2005 ) . `` DYED IN Tradition '' . Academic Search Complete ( Issue 329 ) . Vegetarian Times . access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ How To Dye Red Eggs with Onion Skins for Greek Easter by Nancy Gaifyllia from Your Guide to Greek Food on About.Com Accessed April 9 , 2008 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hallett , Vicky ( March 31 , 2003 ) . `` Egg - cellent art '' . Academic Search Complete ( Vol. 134 Issue 10 ) . U.S. News & World Report . access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Gruß vom Osterhasen : Oschter Haws Song : GERMAN WORLD MAGAZINE '' . Germanworldonline.com. 2011 - 04 - 23 . Retrieved 2013 - 03 - 31 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Easter Symbols Archived 2008 - 03 - 12 at the Wayback Machine . from Lutheran Hour Ministries . Accessed 2 / 28 / 08 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Charles Isaac Elton ( 1890 ) , Origins of English History </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Charles J Billson ( 1892 ) , Folk - Lore vol 3 issue 4 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christina Hole ( 1961 ) Easter and its Customs </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Attenborough , Sir David ( Presenter ) ( April 12 , 1993 ) . Wildlife on One Easter Special Shadow of the Hare ( Television ) . United Kingdom : BBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jacqueline Simpson and Stephen Roud ( 2000 ) , A Dictionary of English Folklore </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sarah Ben Breathnach ( 1990 ) , Mrs Sharp 's Traditions : Reviving Victorian Family Celebrations of Comfort and Joy </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jean - Andrew Dickmann ( 2002 ) , The Coming of Eostre , Cricket magazine vol 29 issue 7 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Easter Bunny . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Charles J. Billson . `` The Easter Hare '' . Folk - Lore . Vol. 3 , No. 4 ( December 1892 ) . </Li> <Li>

The legend of the Easter bunny originated with

Where did the legend of the easter bunny come from?

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Star Trek : Discovery - Wikipedia <H1> Star Trek : Discovery </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Star Trek : Discovery </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Science fiction </Li> <Li> Adventure </Li> <Li> Drama </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bryan Fuller </Li> <Li> Alex Kurtzman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sonequa Martin - Green </Li> <Li> Doug Jones </Li> <Li> Shazad Latif </Li> <Li> Anthony Rapp </Li> <Li> Mary Wiseman </Li> <Li> Jason Isaacs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jeff Russo </Li> <Li> Alexander Courage ( original theme ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 15 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bryan Fuller </Li> <Li> David Semel ( 1x01 ) </Li> <Li> Eugene Roddenberry </Li> <Li> Trevor Roth </Li> <Li> Akiva Goldsman </Li> <Li> Heather Kadin </Li> <Li> Gretchen J. Berg </Li> <Li> Aaron Harberts </Li> <Li> Alex Kurtzman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Geoffrey Hemwall </Li> <Li> April Nocifora </Li> <Li> Aaron Baiers </Li> <Li> Jill Danton </Li> <Li> Nicholas Meyer ( consulting ) </Li> <Li> Craig Sweeny ( consulting ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Toronto </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Guillermo Navarro </Li> <Li> Colin Hoult </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 37 -- 49 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Secret Hideout </Li> <Li> Roddenberry Entertainment </Li> <Li> Living Dead Guy Productions </Li> <Li> CBS Television Studios </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> US $8 -- 8.5 million per episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CBS ( 1x01 ) </Li> <Li> CBS All Access </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Star Trek : Enterprise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related shows </Th> <Td> Star Trek TV series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Star Trek : Discovery - CBS.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Star Trek : Discovery is an American television series created for CBS All Access by Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman . It is the first series developed specifically for that service , and the first Star Trek series since Star Trek : Enterprise concluded in 2005 . Set roughly a decade before the events of the original Star Trek series and separate from the timeline of the concurrently produced feature films , Discovery explores the Federation -- Klingon war while following the crew of the USS Discovery . Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts serve as showrunners on the series , with producing support from Akiva Goldsman . </P> <P> Sonequa Martin - Green stars as Michael Burnham , a science specialist on the USS Discovery . Doug Jones , Shazad Latif , Anthony Rapp , Mary Wiseman , and Jason Isaacs also star . The new series was announced in November 2015 , with Fuller joining as showrunner and wanting to make an anthology series . CBS asked him to make a single , serialized show first , with the prequel to the original series idea further developed . After further disagreements with CBS and struggles with other commitments , Fuller left the series in October 2016 , replaced as showrunner by Berg and Harberts . </P> <P> Star Trek : Discovery premiered on September 19 , 2017 , at ArcLight Hollywood , before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24 . The rest of the 15 - episode first season was streamed weekly on All Access . The series ' release led to record subscriptions for All Access , and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin - Green 's performance . A second season was ordered in October 2017 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Season 1 ( 2017 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Development </Li> <Li> 4.2 Writing </Li> <Li> 4.3 Casting </Li> <Li> 4.4 Design </Li> <Li> 4.5 Filming </Li> <Li> 4.6 Visual effects </Li> <Li> 4.7 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Ratings and viewership </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 After Trek </Li> <Li> 7.2 Publishing <Ul> <Li> 7.2. 1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2. 2 Comics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.3 Star Trek Timelines </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Set roughly ten years before the events of Star Trek : The Original Series , the show sees the united Klingon houses in a war with the United Federation of Planets that involves the crew of the USS Discovery . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Star Trek : Discovery characters <Ul> <Li> Sonequa Martin - Green as Michael Burnham : A Science Specialist on USS Discovery . Burnham was First Officer of the USS Shenzhou , where she was referred to as `` Number One '' to honor the character of the same name portrayed by Majel Barrett in the original Star Trek pilot `` The Cage '' . Burnham is a human who was raised following Vulcan culture and traditions by Sarek . Unlike the protagonists of previous Star Trek series , she was not made a starship captain , in order `` to see a character from a different perspective on the starship -- one who has different dynamic relationships with a captain , with subordinates , it gave us richer context '' . Fuller deliberately gave the character a traditionally male name , which he had done with the female leads of his previous series . </Li> <Li> Doug Jones as Saru : First Officer of the USS Discovery , Saru was previously Science Officer of the USS Shenzhou . Saru is the first Kelpien to enter Starfleet . Kelpiens , a new species created for Discovery , were hunted as prey on their home planet and thus evolved the ability to sense the coming of death , giving them a reputation for cowardice . Jones based Saru 's walk on that of a supermodel , out of necessity thanks to the boots he had to wear to portray the character 's hooved feet , forcing Jones to walk on the balls of his feet . The producers compared Saru to the characters Spock and Data from previous series . </Li> <Li> Shazad Latif as Voq / Ash Tyler : A Klingon who undergoes surgery to pose as the human Tyler , chief of security for the USS Discovery . Tyler believes he was held as a prisoner of war by the Klingons . Latif was originally cast in the role of Kol . Voq was initially credited as being portrayed by Javid Iqbal , an invented actor named for Latif 's father , to hide the connection between the characters . Latif described his character as `` a very complex and painful and deep character '' , and noted that `` there 's a chemistry , a relationship '' with Burnham . Latif 's accent for Voq is Arabic - inspired , and he tried to maintain `` a kind of pharyngealness '' to Tyler 's American accent . </Li> <Li> Anthony Rapp as Paul Stamets : Chief engineer aboard the USS Discovery and science officer specializing in astromycology ( the study of fungi in space ) whose research led to development of an experimental organic propulsion system on the Discovery . The character is inspired by a real - life mycologist of the same name . He is the first openly gay character in a Star Trek series , and the showrunners `` wanted to roll out that character 's sexuality the way people would roll out their sexuality in life . '' Rapp noted that Hikaru Sulu was portrayed as gay in the film Star Trek Beyond , calling that `` a nice nod . But in this case , we actually get to see me with my partner in conversation , in our living quarters , you get to see our relationship over time , treated as any other relationship would be treated '' . </Li> <Li> Mary Wiseman as Sylvia Tilly : A cadet in her final year at Starfleet Academy , assigned to the Discovery . She works under Stamets aboard the Discovery , where she becomes roommates with Burnham . The character was included to represent people `` at the very bottom of this ladder '' of the Starfleet hierarchy . She is `` the most optimistic ... has the biggest heart '' , and showrunner Aaron Harberts described her as `` sort of the soul of our show . '' </Li> <Li> Jason Isaacs as Gabriel Lorca : Captain of the Discovery , a `` brilliant military tactician '' . Isaacs described the character as `` probably more f -- ked up than any of '' the previously seen Star Trek captains . He plays the character with a slight southern U.S. accent , and had initially wanted to ad - lib a catchphrase for the character feeling that all Star Trek captains should have one , coming up with `` git'r done '' which the writers turned down due to it being widely used and trademarked by Larry the Cable Guy . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2017 -- 18 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Star Trek : Discovery ( season 1 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` The Vulcan Hello '' </Td> <Td> David Semel </Td> <Td> Story by : Bryan Fuller & Alex Kurtzman Teleplay by : Akiva Goldsman & Bryan Fuller </Td> <Td> September 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Battle at the Binary Stars '' </Td> <Td> Adam Kane </Td> <Td> Story by : Bryan Fuller Teleplay by : Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts </Td> <Td> September 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Context Is for Kings '' </Td> <Td> Akiva Goldsman </Td> <Td> Story by : Bryan Fuller & Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts Teleplay by : Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts & Craig Sweeny </Td> <Td> October 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` The Butcher 's Knife Cares Not for the Lamb 's Cry '' </Td> <Td> Olatunde Osunsanmi </Td> <Td> Jesse Alexander & Aron Eli Coleite </Td> <Td> October 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` Choose Your Pain '' </Td> <Td> Lee Rose </Td> <Td> Story by : Gretchen J. Berg & Aaron Harberts & Kemp Powers Teleplay by : Kemp Powers </Td> <Td> October 15

Star Trek: Discovery premiered on TV on

When does star trek discovery air on tv?

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<Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film and documentaries </Li> <Li> 4.2 Comic series and novels </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Music <Ul> <Li> 5.1 God of War : Blood & Metal </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 7 References <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Works cited </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Games ( edit ) </H2> See also : Characters of God of War <Table> Timeline of release years <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> God of War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> God of War II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> God of War : Betrayal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> God of War : Chains of Olympus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> God of War Collection ( PS3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> God of War III </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> God of War : Ghost of Sparta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> God of War : Origins Collection </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> God of War Saga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> God of War : Ascension </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> God of War Collection ( Vita ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> God of War III Remastered </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> God of War : A Call from the Wilds </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> God of War </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> First era ( Greek mythology ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> God of War was first released in North America on March 22 , 2005 , for the PlayStation 2 . After ten years in the service of the Olympian gods , Spartan soldier Kratos is tasked by Athena to find Pandora 's Box ; the key to defeating Ares , the God of War , who is running amok through Athens . A series of flashbacks reveals that Kratos was once the servant of Ares , who saved the Spartan and his army from annihilation in battle , but tricked him into killing his family which forced his metamorphosis into the `` Ghost of Sparta '' . Kratos eventually finds Pandora 's Box , and after finally killing Ares , he ascends to Mount Olympus to become the new God of War . </P> <P> God of War II was first released in North America on March 13 , 2007 , for the PlayStation 2 . Angered at his fellow gods , Kratos runs amok across the city of Rhodes . Zeus intervenes and betrays Kratos , who is saved by the Titan Gaia . She tells him he must now find the Sisters of Fate , who can change his fate and prevent his death at the hands of Zeus . Kratos is ultimately successful and as he is about to kill the god , Athena sacrifices herself to save Zeus and preserve Olympus , and tells Kratos that he is the son of Zeus . Kratos then joins forces with Gaia and the Titans to attack Olympus . </P> <P> God of War : Betrayal was released on June 20 , 2007 , for mobile phones supporting Java ME . It is the only game in the series to be released as a two - dimensional ( 2D ) side - scroller and released on a non-PlayStation platform . The game 's narrative takes place between the events of Ghost of Sparta and God of War II . Kratos is framed for murder , and rampages across Greece seeking the true assassin . Kratos succumbs to bloodlust and kills Ceryx , the son of the god Hermes -- an act that alienates him from his fellow gods . </P> <P> God of War : Chains of Olympus was first released in North America on March 4 , 2008 , for the PlayStation Portable . Its narrative takes place during Kratos ' ten years of service to the gods . Kratos halts a Persian invasion of the Greek city of Attica , and learns that the world has been plunged into darkness by the god Morpheus . Kratos investigates the abduction of the sun god Helios , and prevents the Machiavellian plan of the goddess Persephone to use the Titan Atlas to destroy the world . </P> <P> God of War III was first released in North America on March 16 , 2010 , for the PlayStation 3 . Reigniting the Great War , Kratos is soon abandoned by the Titans , who were only using him to exact their own revenge . Helped by the spirit of Athena who was elevated to a new level of understanding , she instructs him to seek the Flame of Olympus in order to defeat Zeus . Kratos engages the gods and the Titans in an epic series of battles across the Underworld and Olympus and learns that Pandora 's Box is within the Flame . He discovers that Pandora herself is the key to pacifying the Flame and allowing him to open the Box . After finally killing Zeus , he refuses to help Athena assume the role of new patron of mankind and disappears . </P> <P> God of War : Ghost of Sparta was first released in North America on November 2 , 2010 , for the PlayStation Portable . Set between the events of God of War and Betrayal , Kratos , the God of War , is still haunted by visions of his mortal past and embarks on a quest to discover his origins by finding his mother , Callisto . He learns that his brother Deimos was taken by the gods and imprisoned by the God of Death , Thanatos , and decides to find and save his sibling . Although successful , Thanatos engages the brothers in combat , and kills Deimos . Kratos then kills Thanatos and returns to Olympus , further enraged at the gods . </P> <P> God of War : Ascension was first released in North America on March 12 , 2013 , for the PlayStation 3 . It is the only game in the series to feature multiplayer for both competitive and cooperative play . Set six months after Kratos killed his wife and child , he has been imprisoned by the three Furies for breaking his blood oath to Ares . With the help of the oath keeper Orkos , Kratos learns that Ares and the Furies plan to overthrow Mount Olympus . The Spartan escapes his imprisonment , subsequently killing the Furies , and Orkos , who begs for release . Although free of Ares ' bond , Kratos begins to suffer the nightmares that plague him for years . </P> <H3> Second era ( Norse mythology ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> God of War was released worldwide on April 20 , 2018 , for the PlayStation 4 console . Many years after the events of God of War III , Kratos has ended up in the world of Norse mythology and now has a son named Atreus . The game is a new direction for the series , not only by its new mythological setting , but also by its gameplay . Kratos now prominently uses a magical battle axe called the Leviathan Axe . To go along with the new installment , Sony partnered with Facebook to develop a text - based game titled God of War : A Call from the Wilds through Facebook Messenger . Released on February 1 , 2018 , the short story follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds . Although further games have not been officially announced , Cory Barlog confirmed that this new installment would not be Kratos ' last game . It was also revealed that following games would also be set in the Norse environment , and include Atreus . </P> <H3> Collections and remasters ( edit ) </H3> Main article : God of War video game collections <P> God of War Collection was first released in North America on November 17 , 2009 , for the PlayStation 3 -- the franchise 's first appearance on the platform . It is a remastered port of God of War and God of War II . The games were ported by Bluepoint Games and feature high - definition 1080p anti-aliased graphics at 60 frames per second and trophies . Sanzaru Games later ported the collection to the PlayStation Vita and it was released in May 2014 -- the franchise 's only appearance on this platform . </P> <P> God of War : Origins Collection was first released in North America on September 13 , 2011 , for the PlayStation 3 . It is a remastered port of the two PlayStation Portable installments in the series -- Chains of Olympus and Ghost of Sparta . God of War Origins was ported by Ready at Dawn and features 1080p high - definition video , anti-aliased graphics at 60 frames per second , DualShock 3 rumble features , trophies , and it is the only God of War release to feature Stereoscopic 3D . </P> <P> God of War Saga was released in North America on August 28 , 2012 . It is a collection of five of the God of War games for the PlayStation 3 , released as part of Sony 's PlayStation Collections line . The collection includes God of War , God of War II , God of War III , Chains of Olympus , and Ghost of Sparta . It features two Blu - ray Discs -- God of War I and II on the first and III on the second -- and a voucher to download Chains of Olympus and Ghost of Sparta . The games retain the same features as their first PS3 releases . </P> <P> God of War III Remastered was first released in North America on July 14 , 2015 , for the PlayStation 4 -- the franchise 's first appearance on the platform . It is a remastered version of God of War III , and it features full 1080p support targeted at 60 frames per second and a photo mode . The game 's announcement and release was in celebration of the franchise 's tenth anniversary . It was ported by Wholesale Algorithms . </P> <H2> Gameplay ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series currently consists of six single - player - only games , and a seventh that includes multiplayer . Each game typically features a third - person , fixed cinematic camera . The player controls the character Kratos in a combination of hack and slash combat , platforming , and puzzle game elements to achieve goals and complete the story . A first - person camera is featured in God of War III and Ascension . Betrayal is the only installment to feature a 2D side - scrolling view . </P> <P> Throughout the Greek era , Kratos ' main weapon is a pair of double - chained blades that appears in three iterations : the Blades of Chaos , the Blades of Athena ( or Athena 's Blades ) , and the Blades of Exile . They each perform similarly , but differ in the types of combos and amount of damage each yields , as well as cosmetic differences . Other weapons ( such as the Blade of Artemis in God of War ) are also obtained during the games . Magic is also used , and four abilities ( such as Poseidon 's Rage , Medusa 's Gaze , Zeus ' Fury , and Army of Hades in God of War ) are typically acquired . God of War III differs in that instead of separate abilities , there are four primary weapons that possess their own respective magic offensive . The game also features `` Items '' -- additional secondary weapons with limited usage , such as the Bow of Apollo . With each new game , most weapons and magic are lost via a plot device , and a new arsenal of weapons and abilities are acquired during gameplay

The last God of War game was released on

When was the last god of war made?

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Denver Broncos - wikipedia <H1> Denver Broncos </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Denver Broncos </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Established August 14 , 1959 ; 58 years ago ( August 14 , 1959 ) First season : 1960 Play in Sports Authority Field at Mile High Denver , Colorado Headquartered at UCHealth Training Center in Dove Valley , Colorado </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Logo </Td> <Td> Wordmark </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> League / conference affiliations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> American Football League ( 1960 -- 1969 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Western Division ( 1960 -- 1969 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> National Football League ( 1970 -- present ) </P> <Ul> <Li> American Football Conference ( 1970 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> AFC West ( 1970 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current uniform </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team colors </Th> <Td> <P> Orange , Navy Blue , White </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mascot </Th> <Td> Thunder II ( live horse ) Miles ( costume suit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Personnel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pat Bowlen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President </Th> <Td> Joe Ellis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General manager </Th> <Td> John Elway </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> Vance Joseph </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Team history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Denver Broncos ( 1960 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Team nicknames </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Orange Crush ( 1977 -- 1979 ; 2015 -- 2016 ) </Li> <Li> No Fly Zone ( 2015 -- Present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> League championships ( 3 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Super Bowl championships ( 3 ) 1997 ( XXXII ) , 1998 ( XXXIII ) , 2015 ( 50 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Conference championships ( 8 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> AFC : 1977 , 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1997 , 1998 , 2013 , 2015 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Division championships ( 15 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> AFC West : 1977 , 1978 , 1984 , 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1991 , 1996 , 1998 , 2005 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playoff appearances ( 22 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> NFL : 1977 , 1978 , 1979 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2000 , 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Home fields </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> DU Stadium ( 1960 ) </Li> <Li> Mile High Stadium ( 1960 -- 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Invesco Field at Mile High ( 2001 - 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Sports Authority Field at Mile High ( 2011 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> `` Broncos '' redirects here . For other uses , see Bronco ( disambiguation ) . <P> The Denver Broncos are a professional American football club based in Denver , Colorado . The Broncos compete as a member club of the National Football League ( NFL ) 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division . They began play in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) and joined the NFL as part of the merger in 1970 . The Broncos are owned by the Pat Bowlen trust and currently play home games at Sports Authority Field at Mile High ( formerly known as `` Invesco Field at Mile High '' from 2001 -- 2011 ) . Prior to that , they played at Mile High Stadium from 1960 to 2000 . </P> <P> The Broncos were barely competitive during their 10 - year run in the AFL and their first seven years in the NFL . They did not complete a winning season until 1973 . In 1977 , four years later , they qualified for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history and advanced to Super Bowl XII . Since 1975 , the Broncos have become one of the NFL 's more successful teams , having suffered only seven losing seasons . They have won eight AFC Championships ( 1977 , 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1997 , 1998 , 2013 , 2015 , and three Super Bowl championships ( 1997 ( XXXII ) , 1998 ( XXXIII ) , 2015 ( 50 ) . However , the Broncos share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses ( 5 ) with the New England Patriots . They have five players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame : John Elway , Floyd Little , Gary Zimmerman , Shannon Sharpe and Terrell Davis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Franchise history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1960 -- 1969 : AFL era </Li> <Li> 1.2 1970 -- 1982 </Li> <Li> 1.3 1983 -- 1998 : John Elway era <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 1997 -- 1998 : Back - to - Back Super Bowl Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.4 1999 -- 2011 : Post-Elway era </Li> <Li> 1.5 2012 -- 2015 : Peyton Manning era <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 2015 : Super Bowl 50 Champions and Manning 's Final Season </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.6 2016 -- present : Defensive era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Championships <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Super Bowls </Li> <Li> 2.2 AFC Championships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Rivalries <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Divisional <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Kansas City Chiefs </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Oakland Raiders </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers </Li> <Li> 3.1. 4 Seattle Seahawks </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Historical <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Cleveland Browns </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Pittsburgh Steelers </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 New England Patriots </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Logos and uniforms <Ul> <Li> 4.1 1960 -- 1996 </Li> <Li> 4.2 1997 -- 2011 </Li> <Li> 4.3 2012 -- present </Li> <Li> 4.4 Super Bowl uniform colors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Home field </Li> <Li> 6 Statistics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Season - by - season records </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Players of note <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Current roster </Li> <Li> 7.2 50th Anniversary Team ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 7.3 Retired numbers </Li> <Li> 7.4 Pro Football Hall of Famers </Li> <Li> 7.5 Ring of Fame </Li> <Li> 7.6 Super Bowl MVPs </Li> <Li> 7.7 Colorado Sports Hall of Fame </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Staff <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Head coaches </Li> <Li> 8.2 Current staff </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Radio and television </Li> <Li> 10 Notable fans and in the media </Li> <Li> 11 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Franchise history ( edit ) </H2> Further information : History of the Denver Broncos Further information : List of Denver Broncos seasons <H3> 1960 -- 1969 : AFL era ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Denver Broncos were founded on August 14 , 1959 , when Minor League Baseball owner Bob Howsam was awarded an American Football League ( AFL ) charter franchise . The Broncos won the first - ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots 13 -- 10 , on September 9 , 1960 . On August 5 , 1967 , they became the first - ever AFL team to defeat an NFL team , with a 13 -- 7 win over the Detroit Lions in a preseason game . However , the Broncos were not successful in the 1960s , compiling a record of 39 -- 97 -- 4 in the league . </P> <P> Denver came close to losing its franchise in 1965 , until a local ownership group took control and rebuilt the team . The team 's first superstar , `` Franchise '' Floyd Little , was instrumental in keeping the team in Denver , due to his signing in 1967 as well as his Pro Bowl efforts on and off the field . The Broncos were the only original AFL team that never played in the title game , as well as the only original AFL team never to have a winning season while a member of the AFL during the upstart league 's 10 - year history . </P> <H3> 1970 -- 1982 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1972 , the Broncos hired former Stanford University coach John Ralston as their head coach . In 1973 , he was the UPI 's AFC Coach of the Year , after Denver achieved its first winning season at 7 -- 5 -- 2 . In five seasons with the Broncos , Ralston guided the team to winning seasons three times . Though Ralston finished the 1976 season with a 9 -- 5 record , the team , as was the case in Ralston 's previous winning seasons , still missed the playoffs . Following the season , several prominent players publicly voiced their discontent with Ralston , which soon led to his resignation . </P> The Broncos defeated the Raiders in the 1977 -- 78 AFC Championship Game to earn their first trip to the Super Bowl . <P> Red Miller , a long - time assistant coach was hired and along with the Orange Crush Defense ( a nickname originating in the early 1970s , also the brand of the popular orange - flavored soft drink ) and aging quarterback Craig Morton , took the Broncos to what was then a record - setting 12 -- 2 regular season record and their first playoff appearance in 1977 , and ultimately first Super Bowl , in which they were defeated by the Dallas Cowboys ( Morton 's former team ) , 27 -- 10 . </P> <P> In 1981 , Broncos ' owner Gerald Phipps , who had purchased the team in May 1961 from the original owner Bob Howsam , sold the team to Canadian financier Edgar Kaiser Jr. , grandson of shipbuilding industrialist Henry J. Kaiser . In 1984 , the team was purchased by Pat Bowlen , who placed team ownership into a family trust sometime before 2004 and remained in day - to - day control until his battle with Alzheimer 's disease forced him to cede the team to Joe Ellis in 2014 . </P> <H3> 1983 -- 1998 : John Elway era ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dan Reeves became the youngest head coach in the NFL when he joined the Broncos in 1981 as vice president and head coach . Quarterback John Elway , who played college football at Stanford , arrived in 1983 via a trade . Originally drafted by the Baltimore Colts as the first pick of the draft , Elway proclaimed that he would shun football in favor of baseball ( he was drafted by the New York Yankees to play center field and was also a pitching prospect ) , unless he was traded to a selected list of other teams , which included the Broncos . Prior to Elway , the Broncos had over 24 different starting quarterbacks in its 23 seasons to that point . </P> A ticket for the 1987 - 88 AFC Championship Game between the Browns and the Broncos . Elway ( center ) getting tackled by the Atlanta Falcons in 1985 . <P> Reeves and Elway guided the Broncos to six post-season appearances , five AFC West divisional titles , three AFC championships and three Super Bowl appearances ( Super Bowl XXI , XXII and XXIV ) during their 12 - year span together . The Broncos lost Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants , 39 -- 20 ; Super Bowl XXII to the Washington Redskins , 42 -- 10 ; and Super Bowl XXIV to the

The Denver Broncos won the Super Bowl in

When did the broncos win the super bowl?

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The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Curious Case of Benjamin Button </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> David Fincher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ceán Chaffin </Li> <Li> Kathleen Kennedy </Li> <Li> Frank Marshall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Eric Roth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eric Roth </Li> <Li> Robin Swicord </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Curious Case of Benjamin Button by F. Scott Fitzgerald </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brad Pitt </Li> <Li> Cate Blanchett </Li> <Li> Taraji P. Henson </Li> <Li> Julia Ormond </Li> <Li> Jason Flemyng </Li> <Li> Elias Koteas </Li> <Li> Tilda Swinton </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Alexandre Desplat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Claudio Miranda </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kirk Baxter </Li> <Li> Angus Wall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> The Kennedy / Marshall Company </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Paramount Pictures ( United States ) </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Pictures ( International ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> December 25 , 2008 ( 2008 - 12 - 25 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 166 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $167 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $334 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher . The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life . </P> <P> The film was released in North America on December 25 , 2008 to positive reviews . The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director for Fincher , Best Actor for Pitt and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson , and won three , for Best Art Direction , Best Makeup , and Best Visual Effects . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Awards </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office performance </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Home media </Li> <Li> 7 Accolades </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In August 2005 , elderly Daisy Fuller is on her deathbed in a New Orleans hospital as Hurricane Katrina approaches . She starts rambling to her daughter , Caroline , about a train station built in 1918 and Mr. Gateau , the best clockmaker in all of the South , who was hired to make a clock for it . Mr. Gateau was blind , and lost his son in World War I , which crushed him , but he continued to labor over his clock . When it was unveiled at the station , the public was surprised to see that the clock ran backwards , to which Mr. Gateau says he made it that way so that the boys they lost in the war could come back again and live their lives that were ended too soon . After that , Mr. Gateau was never seen again , and people speculated he died of a broken heart or went out to sea . </P> <P> Daisy then asks Caroline to read aloud from the diary of Benjamin Button . </P> <P> From the reading , it is revealed that on the evening of November 11 , 1918 , a boy was born with the appearance and physical maladies of an elderly man . The baby 's mother died after giving birth , and the father , Thomas Button , abandons the infant on the porch of a nursing home . Queenie and Mr. `` Tizzy '' Weathers , workers at the nursing home , find the baby , and Queenie decides to care for him as her own . </P> <P> Benjamin learns to walk in 1925 , after which he uses crutches in place of a wheelchair . On Thanksgiving 1930 , Benjamin meets seven - year - old Daisy , whose grandmother lives in the nursing home . He and Daisy become good friends . Later , he accepts work on a tugboat captained by Mike Clark . Benjamin also meets Thomas Button , who does not reveal that he is Benjamin 's father . In Autumn 1936 , Benjamin leaves New Orleans for a long - term work engagement with the tugboat crew ; Daisy later is accepted into a dance company in New York City under choreographer George Balanchine . </P> <P> In 1941 , Benjamin is in Murmansk , where he begins having an affair with Elizabeth Abbott , wife of the British Trade Minister . That December , Japan attacks Pearl Harbor , thrusting the United States into World War II . Mike volunteers the boat for the U.S. Navy ; the crew is assigned to salvage duties . During a patrol , the tugboat finds a sunken U.S. transport and the bodies of many American troops . A German submarine surfaces ; Mike steers the tugboat full speed towards it while a German gunner fires on the tugboat , killing most of the crew , including Mike . The tugboat rams the submarine , causing it to explode , sinking both vessels . Benjamin and another crewman are rescued by U.S. Navy ships the next day . </P> <P> In May 1945 , Benjamin returns to New Orleans and reunites with Queenie . A few weeks later , he reunites with Daisy ; they go out for dinner . Upon failing to seduce him afterward , she departs . Benjamin later reunites with Thomas Button , who , terminally ill , reveals he is Benjamin 's father and wills Benjamin his button company and his estate . </P> <P> In 1947 , Benjamin visits Daisy in New York unannounced but departs upon seeing that she has fallen in love with someone else . In 1954 , Daisy 's dancing career ends when her leg is crushed in an automobile accident in Paris . When Benjamin visits her , Daisy is amazed by his youthful appearance , but , frustrated by her injuries , she tells him to stay out of her life . </P> <P> In 1962 , Daisy returns to New Orleans and reunites with Benjamin . Now of comparable physical age , they fall in love and go sailing together . They return to learn that Queenie has died , then move in together . In 1967 , Daisy , who has opened a ballet studio , tells Benjamin that she is pregnant ; she gives birth to a girl , Caroline , in the spring of 1968 . Believing he can not be a proper father to his daughter due to his reverse aging , Benjamin departs after selling his belongings , leaving a bank account book holding the proceeds behind for Daisy and Caroline ; he travels alone during the 1970s . </P> <P> Benjamin returns to Daisy in 1980 . Now married , Daisy introduces him , as a family friend , to her husband and daughter . Daisy admits that he was right to leave ; she could not have coped otherwise . She later visits Benjamin at his hotel , where they again share their passion for each other , then part once more . </P> <P> In 1990 , widowed Daisy is contacted by social workers who have found Benjamin -- now physically a pre-teen . When she arrives , they explain that he was living in a condemned building and was taken to the hospital in poor physical condition , and that they found her name in his diary . The bewildered social workers also say he is displaying early signs of dementia . Daisy moves into the nursing home in 1997 and cares for Benjamin for the rest of his life . </P> <P> Daisy says that in 2002 , a new clock replaced Mr. Gateau 's in the train station , a digital clock that ran forward , not backwards . Then , a year later in the spring of 2003 , Benjamin dies in Daisy 's arms , physically an infant but chronologically 84 years of age . Having finally revealed the story of Caroline 's father to her , Daisy dies as Hurricane Katrina approaches . </P> <P> The final scene of the movie ends with Benjamin 's narration about what people were brought into this world for , recapping all the individuals that he loved and lost throughout his life . The film ends with alarms wailing as Katrina quickly floods a dimly lit storage room that holds Mr. Gateau 's forgotten clock , which continues to tick backwards . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Brad Pitt as Benjamin Button ( adult ) , Caroline 's biological father <Ul> <Li> Robert Towers as Benjamin Button ( apparent adult ) </Li> <Li> Peter Donald Badalamenti II as Benjamin Button ( apparent adult ) </Li> <Li> Tom Everett as Benjamin Button ( apparent adult ) </Li> <Li> Spencer Daniels as Benjamin Button ( apparent age 12 ) </Li> <Li> Chandler Canterbury as Benjamin Button ( apparent age 8 ) </Li> <Li> Charles Henry Wyson as Benjamin Button ( apparent age 6 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Cate Blanchett as Daisy Fuller ( adult ) <Ul> <Li> Elle Fanning as Daisy Fuller ( age 7 ) </Li> <Li> Madisen Beaty as Daisy Fuller ( age 10 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Taraji P. Henson as Queenie </Li> <Li> Julia Ormond as Caroline Fuller ( adult ) , Benjamin and Daisy 's daughter <Ul> <Li> Katta Hules as Caroline Fuller ( age 12 ) </Li> <Li> Shiloh Jolie - Pitt as Caroline Fuller ( age 2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Jason Flemyng as Thomas Button , Benjamin 's father </Li> <Li> Mahershala Ali as Tizzy Weathers </Li> <Li> Jared Harris as Captain Mike Clark </Li> <Li> Faune A. Chambers as Dorothy Baker </Li> <Li> Elias Koteas as Monsieur Gateau , a blind clockmaker in a story Daisy tells Caroline </Li> <Li> Ed Metzger as Theodore Roosevelt </Li> <Li> Phyllis Somerville as Grandma Fuller </Li> <Li> Josh Stewart as Pleasant Curtis </Li> <Li> Tilda Swinton as Elizabeth Abbott </Li> <Li> Bianca Chiminello as Daisy 's friend </Li> <Li> Rampai Mohadi as Ngunda Oti </Li> <Li> Lance E. Nichols as Preacher </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Producer Ray Stark bought the film rights to do The Curious Case of Benjamin Button in the mid-1980s , and it was optioned by Universal Pictures . The first choice to direct it was Frank Oz , with Martin Short attached for the title role , but Oz could not work out how to make the story work . The film was optioned in 1991 by Steven Spielberg , with Tom Cruise attached for the lead role , but Spielberg left the project to direct Jurassic Park and Schindler 's List . Other directors attached were Patrick Read Johnson and Agnieszka Holland . Stark eventually sold the rights to producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button won the award for

What awards did the curious case of benjamin button win?

1039842638091258317

Beauty and the Beast - wikipedia <H1> Beauty and the Beast </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the fairy tale . For other uses , see Beauty and the Beast ( disambiguation ) . Illustration for Beauty and the Beast by Walter Crane . <P> Beauty and the Beast ( French : La Belle et la Bête ) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle - Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins ( The Young American and Marine Tales ) . Her lengthy version was abridged , rewritten , and published first by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants ( Children 's Collection ) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889 , to produce the version ( s ) most commonly retold . It was influenced by some earlier stories , such as `` Cupid and Psyche '' , written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD , and `` The Pig King '' . an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola . </P> <P> Variants of the tale are known across Europe . In France , for example , Zémire and Azor is an operatic version of the story , written by Marmontel and composed by Grétry in 1771 , which had enormous success well into the 19th century ; it is based on the second version of the tale . Amour pour amour ( Love for love ) , by Nivelle de la Chaussée , is a 1742 play based on de Villeneuve 's version . According to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon , the story originated around 4,000 years ago . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Villeneuve 's version </Li> <Li> 3 Commentary </Li> <Li> 4 Modern uses and adaptations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Literature </Li> <Li> 4.2 Film </Li> <Li> 4.3 Television </Li> <Li> 4.4 Theatre </Li> <Li> 4.5 Other </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> A widower merchant lives in a mansion with his six children , three sons and three daughters . All his daughters are very beautiful , but the youngest , Beauty , is the most lovely , as well as kind , well - read , and pure of heart ; while the two elder sisters , in contrast , are wicked , selfish , vain , and spoiled . They secretly taunt Beauty and treat her more like a servant than a sister . The merchant eventually loses all of his wealth in a tempest at sea which sinks most of his merchant fleet . He and his children are consequently forced to live in a small farmhouse and work for their living . </P> <P> Some years later , the merchant hears that one of the trade ships he had sent has arrived back in port , having escaped the destruction of its compatriots . Before leaving , he asks his children if they wish for him to bring any gifts back for them . The sons ask for weaponry and horses to hunt with , whereas his oldest daughters ask for clothing , jewels , and the finest dresses possible as they think his wealth has returned . Beauty is satisfied with the promise of a rose as none grow in their part of the country . The merchant , to his dismay , finds that his ship 's cargo has been seized to pay his debts , leaving him penniless and unable to buy his children 's presents . </P> <P> During his return , the merchant becomes lost during a storm . Seeking shelter , he enters a dazzling palace . A hidden figure opens the giant doors and silently invites him in . The merchant finds tables inside laden with food and drink , which seem to have been left for him by the palace 's invisible owner . The merchant accepts this gift and spends the night there . The next morning , as the merchant is about to leave , he sees a rose garden and recalls that Beauty had desired a rose . Upon picking the loveliest rose he can find , the merchant is confronted by a hideous `` Beast '' which tells him that for taking his most precious possession after accepting his hospitality , the merchant must die . The merchant begs to be set free , arguing that he had only picked the rose as a gift for his youngest daughter . The Beast agrees to let him give the rose to Beauty , but only if the merchant or one of his daughters will return . </P> Beauty dines with the Beast in an illustration by Anne Anderson . <P> The merchant is upset but accepts this condition . The Beast sends him on his way , with wealth , jewels and fine clothes for his sons and daughters , and stresses that Beauty must never know about his deal . The merchant , upon arriving home , tries to hide the secret from Beauty , but she pries it from him . Her brothers say they will go to the castle and fight the Beast , but the merchant dissuades them , saying they will stand no chance against the monster . Beauty then agrees to go to the Beast 's castle . The Beast receives her graciously and informs her that she is now mistress of the castle , and he is her servant . He gives her lavish clothing and food and carries on lengthy conversations with her . Every night , the Beast asks Beauty to marry him , only to be refused each time . After each refusal , Beauty dreams of a handsome prince who pleads with her to answer why she keeps refusing him , to which she replies that she can not marry the Beast because she loves him only as a friend . Beauty does not make the connection between the handsome prince and the Beast and becomes convinced that the Beast is holding the prince captive somewhere in the castle . She searches and discovers multiple enchanted rooms , but never the prince from her dreams . </P> <P> For several months , Beauty lives a life of luxury at the Beast 's palace , having every whim catered to by invisible servants , with no end of riches to amuse her and an endless supply of exquisite finery to wear . Eventually , she becomes homesick and begs the Beast to allow her to go see her family . He allows it on the condition that she returns exactly a week later . Beauty agrees to this and sets off for home with an enchanted mirror and ring . The mirror allows her to see what is going on back at the Beast 's castle , and the ring allows her to return to the castle in an instant when turned three times around her finger . Her older sisters are surprised to find her well fed and dressed in finery . Beauty tries to share the magnificent gowns and jewels the Beast gave her with her sisters , but they turn into rags at her sisters ' touch , and are restored to their splendour when returned to Beauty , as the Beast meant them only for her . Her sisters are envious when they hear of her happy life at the castle , and , hearing that she must return to the Beast on a certain day , beg her to stay another day , even putting onion in their eyes to make it appear as though they are weeping . They hope that the Beast will be angry with Beauty for breaking her promise and eat her alive . Beauty 's heart is moved by her sisters ' false show of love , and she agrees to stay . </P> Illustration by Warwick Goble . <P> Beauty begins to feel guilty about breaking her promise to the Beast and uses the mirror to see him back at the castle . She is horrified to discover that the Beast is lying half - dead from heartbreak near the rose bushes from which her father plucked the rose , and she immediately uses the ring to return to the Beast . </P> <P> Beauty weeps over the Beast , saying that she loves him . When her tears strike him , the Beast is transformed into the handsome prince from Beauty 's dreams . The Prince informs her that long ago a fairy turned him into a hideous beast after he refused to let her in from the rain and that only by finding true love , despite his ugliness , could the curse be broken . He and Beauty are married and they live happily ever after together . </P> <H2> Villeneuve 's version ( edit ) </H2> <P> Villeneuve 's original tale includes several elements that Beaumont 's omits . Chiefly , the backstory of both Beauty and the Beast is given . The Beast was a prince who lost his father at a young age , and whose mother had to wage war to defend his kingdom . The queen left him in care of an evil fairy , who tried to seduce him when he became an adult ; when he refused , she transformed him into a beast . Beauty 's story reveals that she is not really a merchant 's daughter but the offspring of a king and a good fairy . A wicked fairy had tried to murder Beauty so she could marry her father the king , and Beauty was put in the place of the merchant 's dead daughter to protect her . Villeneuve also gave the castle elaborate magic , which obscured the more vital pieces of it . Beaumont greatly pared down the cast of characters and simplified the tale to an almost archetypal simplicity . </P> <H2> Commentary ( edit ) </H2> Painting of Petrus Gonsalvus ( c. 1580 ) <P> Tatar ( 2017 ) compares the tale to the theme of `` animal brides and grooms '' found in folklore throughout the world , pointing out that the French tale was specifically intended for the preparation of young girls in 18th century France for arranged marriages . The urban opening is unusual in fairy tales , as is the social class of the characters , neither royal nor peasants . It may reflect the social changes occurring at the time of its first writing . </P> <P> Hamburger ( 2015 ) points out that the design of the Beast in the 1946 film adaptation by Jean Cocteau was inspired by the portrait of Petrus Gonsalvus , a native of Tenerife who suffered from hypertrichosis , causing an abnormal growth of hair on his face and other parts , and who came under the protection of the French king and married a beautiful Parisian woman named Catherine . </P> <H2> Modern uses and adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The tale has been notably adapted for screen , stage , prose , and television over the years . </P> <H3> Literature ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> The Pig King , by Giovanni Francesco Straparola , an Italian fairytale published in The Facetious Nights of Straparola . </Li> <Li> The Scarlet Flower , a Russian fairy tale published in 1858 by Sergey Aksakov . </Li> <Li> Beauty and the Beast ... The Story Retold . Laura E. Richards . London : Blickie & Son , 1886 . Also , Boston : Roberts Brothers , 1886 . </Li> <Li> Beauty : A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast , 1978 and Rose Daughter , 1997 ( both by author Robin McKinley ) . </Li> <Li> `` The Courtship of Mr.

Beauty and the Beast was written by

Who is beauty and the beast written by?

3975946036115262448

Running of the bulls - wikipedia <H1> Running of the bulls </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Running of the Bulls ( encierro ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The bull run in Pamplona </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates </Th> <Td> 6 -- 14 July </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pamplona and other </Td> </Tr> </Table> Monument in Pamplona Runners surround the bulls on Estafeta Street <P> The Running of the Bulls ( in Spanish : encierro , from the verb encerrar , `` to corral , to enclose '' ) is a practice that involves running in front of a small group of cattle , typically six , of the toro bravo breed that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned - off subset of a town 's streets . </P> <P> The most famous running of the bulls is held during the nine - day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin in Pamplona , although they are also traditionally held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain , Portugal , in some cities in Mexico , and southern France during the summer . </P> <P> The origin of this event comes from the need to transport the bulls from the fields outside the city , where they were bred , to the bullring , where they would be killed in the evening . During this ' run ' , youngsters would jump among them to show off their bravado . In Pamplona and other places , the six bulls in the event are still those that will feature in the afternoon bullfight of the same day . </P> <P> Spanish tradition says the true origin of the run began in northeastern Spain during the early 14th century . While transporting cattle in order to sell them at the market , men would try to speed the process by hurrying their cattle using tactics of fear and excitement . After years of this practice , the transportation and hurrying began to turn into a competition , as young adults would attempt to race in front of the bulls and make it safely to their pens without being overtaken . When the popularity of this practice increased and was noticed more and more by the expanding population of Spanish cities , a tradition was created and stands to this day . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Pamplona bull run <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Fence </Li> <Li> 1.2 Preliminaries </Li> <Li> 1.3 The running </Li> <Li> 1.4 Injuries , fatalities and medical attention </Li> <Li> 1.5 Dress code </Li> <Li> 1.6 Media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Other examples <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Bous al carrer </Li> <Li> 2.2 Occitan area of France </Li> <Li> 2.3 Stamford Bull Run </Li> <Li> 2.4 Mock bull runs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Opposition </Li> <Li> 4 Further reading </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Pamplona bull run ( edit ) </H2> Saint Fermin , honored in Pamplona Pamplona , 7 July 2005 . People climb to the fences as the bulls run by and cross the Town Hall Plaza . <P> The Pamplona encierro is the most popular in Spain and has been broadcast live by RTVE , the public Spanish national television channel , for over 30 years . It is the highest profile event of the San Fermin festival , which is held every year from 6 -- 14 July . The first bull running is on 7 July , followed by one on each of the following mornings of the festival , beginning every day at 8 am . Among the rules to take part in the event are that participants must be at least 18 years old , run in the same direction as the bulls , not incite the bulls , and not be under the influence of alcohol . </P> <H3> Fence ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Pamplona , a set of wooden fences are erected to direct the bulls along the route and to block off side streets . A double wooden fence is used in those areas where there is enough space , while in other parts the buildings of the street act as barriers . The gaps in the barricades are wide enough for a human to slip through but narrow enough to block a bull . The fence is composed of approximately three thousand separate pieces of wood . Some parts of the fence remain in place for the duration of the fiesta , while others are placed and removed each morning . Spectators can only stand behind the second fence , whereas the space between the two fences is reserved for security and medical personnel and also to participants who need cover during the event . </P> <H3> Preliminaries ( edit ) </H3> Police barrier at the beginning of the running stops people until the first rocket is fired . <P> The encierro begins with runners singing a benediction . It is sung three times , each time being sung both in Spanish and Basque . The benediction is a prayer given at a statue of Saint Fermin , patron of the festival and the city , to ask the saint 's protection and can be translated into English as `` We ask Saint Fermin , as our Patron , to guide us through the encierro and give us his blessing '' . The singers finish by shouting `` Viva San Fermín ! , Gora San Fermin ! '' ( `` Long live Saint Fermin '' , in Spanish and Basque ) . Most runners dress in the traditional clothing of the festival which consists of a white shirt and trousers with a red waistband ( `` faja '' ) and neckerchief ( `` pañuelo '' ) . Also some of them hold the day 's newspaper rolled to draw the bulls ' attention from them if necessary . </P> <H3> The running ( edit ) </H3> Pamplona , 2007 . Bulls following some runners enter the bull ring from the callejón , where the event ends . The bulls can be seen in the foreground and background of the picture . <P> A first rocket is set off at 8 a.m. to alert the runners that the corral gate is open . A second rocket signals that all six bulls have been released . The third and fourth rockets are signals that all of the herd has entered the bullring and its corral respectively , marking the end of the event . The average duration between the first rocket and the end of the encierro is two minutes , 30 seconds . </P> <P> The encierro is usually composed of the six bulls to be fought in the afternoon , six steers that run in herd with the bulls , and three more steers that follow the herd to encourage any reluctant bulls to continue along the route . The function of the steers , who run the route daily , is to guide the bulls to the bullring . The average speed of the herd is 24 km / h ( 15 mph ) . </P> <P> The length of the run is 875 meters ( 957 yards ) . It goes through four streets of the old part of the city ( Santo Domingo , Ayuntamiento , Mercaderes and Estafeta ) via the Town Hall Square and the short section `` Telefónica '' ( named for the location of the old telephone office at end of Calle Estafeta ) just before entering into the bullring through its callejón ( tunnel ) . The fastest part of the route is up Santo Domingo and across the Town Hall Square , but the bulls often became separated at the entrance to Estafeta Street as they slowed down . One or more would slip going into the turn at Estafeta ( `` la curva '' ) , resulting in the installation of anti-slip surfacing , and now most of the bulls negotiate the turn onto Estafeta and are often ahead of the steers . This has resulted in a quicker run . Runners are not permitted in the first 50 meters of the encierro , which is an uphill grade where the bulls are much faster . </P> <H3> Injuries , fatalities and medical attention ( edit ) </H3> Two injured runners are treated by medical services . <P> Every year , between 50 and 100 people are injured during the run . Not all of the injuries require taking the patients to the hospital : in 2013 , 50 people were taken by ambulance to Pamplona 's hospital , with this number nearly doubling that of 2012 . </P> <P> Goring is much less common but potentially life threatening . In 2013 , for example , six participants were gored along the festival , in 2012 , only four runners were injured by the horns of the bulls with exactly the same number of gored people in 2011 , nine in 2010 and 10 in 2009 ; with one of the latter killed . As most of the runners are male , only 5 women have been gored since 1974 . Before that date , running was prohibited for women . </P> <P> Another major risk is runners falling and piling up ( a `` montón '' ) at the entrance of the bullring , which acts as a funnel as it is much narrower than the previous street . In such cases injuries come both from asphyxia and contusions to those in the pile and from goring if the bulls crush into the pile . This kind of blocking of the entrance has occurred at least ten times in the history of the run , the last occurring in 2013 and the first dating back to 1878 . A runner died of suffocation in one such pile up in 1977 . </P> <P> Overall , since record - keeping began in 1910 , 15 people have been killed in the bull running of Pamplona , most of them due to being gored . To minimize the impact of injuries every day 200 people collaborate in the medical attention . They are deployed in 16 sanitary posts ( every 50 metres on average ) , each one with at least a physician and a nurse among their personnel . Most of these 200 people are volunteers , mainly from the Red Cross . In addition to the medical posts , there are around 20 ambulances . This organization makes it possible to have a gored person stabilized and taken to a hospital in less than 10 minutes . </P> <Table> 15 Deaths since 1910 in the bull run of Pamplona <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Origin </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Cause of death </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1924 </Td> <Td> Esteban Domeño </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Telefónica </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> Santiago Zufía </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Bullring </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1935 </Td> <Td> Gonzalo Bustinduy </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> San Luis Potosí , Mexico </Td> <Td> Bullring </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> Casimiro Heredia </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Estafeta </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> Julián Zabalza </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Bullring </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Vicente Urrizola </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Santo Domingo </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Hilario Pardo </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Santo Domingo </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Juan Ignacio Eraso </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Navarre , Spain </Td> <Td> Telefónica </Td> <Td> Goring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td>

The Running of the Bulls is held in Spain from

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1892 , when he was travelling with the Legends , and recruits him to help Barry break into A.R.G.U.S. and steal the device . In the process , A.R.G.U.S. agents eventually capture Barry and Snart , but Lyla , seeing the kindness in Barry 's actions , allows Barry to take the device . Snart advises Barry to use the goodness in him to defeat Savitar . Tracy decides to join the team . Cisco vibes about his battle with Killer Frost and leaves to fight her . Joe tries to hide Iris from Savitar on Earth - 2 with Harry but future Barry tricks H.R. into revealing up her location by pretending to be his younger self , breaks Wally 's leg and kidnaps Iris in front of a horrified Joe . Flash uses the `` Speed Force Bazooka '' on Savitar , but it fails when Savitar counteracts it with the Philosopher 's Stone , which is made out of calcified speed force energy . Savitar then stabs Iris in the back in front of Flash seemingly killing her as he escapes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 69 </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` Finish Line '' </Td> <Td> David McWhirter </Td> <Td> Aaron Helbing & Todd Helbing </Td> <Td> May 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13123 </Td> <Td> 3.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> H.R. reveals he swapped places with Iris and dies from his injuries . Realizing Iris is not dead , Savitar kidnaps Cisco and forces him to modify the Bazooka into an `` inter-dimensional quantum splicer '' . This will allow Savitar to disperse himself throughout time and protect him from the paradox that threatens to erase him . Barry meets with Savitar , believing he can be redeemed and they go to S.T.A.R. Labs . Although Barry and Iris try to get through to him , Savitar wrecks the lab and orders Caitlin to kill Cisco , but Gypsy saves him . Savitar and Killer Frost open a portal into the Speed Force . The Black Flash intervenes , but is frozen by Caitlin . Savitar then attempts to execute his plan . However , Cisco modified the Bazooka into a ' skeleton key ' which frees Jay from the Speed Force prison . Barry , Wally and Jay engage Savitar , while Cisco , with Gyspy 's help , convinces Caitlin to abandon Savitar . Barry phases through and destroys Savitar 's armor before Savitar is erased from existence . As Team Flash mourns H.R. , Caitlin decides not to use Julian 's cure , leaving the team so she may find her own purpose . Later on , an energy storm appears over Central City , caused by the Speed Force prison being empty . Barry explains that he needs to atone for creating Flashpoint and enters the prison , entrusting Central City to Iris and the team . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 4 ( 2017 -- 18 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : The Flash ( season 4 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. Kevorkian </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13403 </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Elongated Journey Into Night '' </Td> <Td> Tom Cavanagh </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13404 </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> Laura Belsey </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13405 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 75 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` When Harry Met Harry ... '' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 76 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore I Am '' </Td> <Td> David McWhirter </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13407 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 77 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Crisis on Earth - X , Part 3 '' </Td> <Td> Dermott Downs </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg & Marc Guggenheim Teleplay by : Todd Helbing </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13408 </Td> <Td> 2.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 78 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Run '' </Td> <Td> Stefan Pleszczynski </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13409 </Td> <Td> 2.22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The Trial of The Flash '' </Td> <Td> Philip Chipera </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> January 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13410 </Td> <Td> 2.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 80 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Elongated Knight Rises '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13411 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Honey , I Shrunk Team Flash '' </Td> <Td> Chris Peppe </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> January 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13412 </Td> <Td> 2.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 82 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` True Colors '' </Td> <Td> Tara Nicole Weyr </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> February 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13413 </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 83 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Subject 9 '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Mike Alber & Gabe Snyder </Td> <Td> February 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13414 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 84 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Enter Flashtime '' </Td> <Td> Gregory Smith </Td> <Td> Todd Helbing & Sterling Gates </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13415 </Td> <Td> 2.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 85 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Run , Iris , Run '' </Td> <Td> Harry Jierjian </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> March 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13416 </Td> <Td> 2.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 86 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Null and Annoyed '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Smith </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> April 10 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13417 </Td> <Td> 1.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Lose Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> April 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13418 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 88 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Fury Rogue '' </Td> <Td> Rachel Talalay </Td> <Td> Joshua V. Gilbert & Jeff Hersh </Td> <Td> April 24 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> 1.90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 89 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore She Is '' </Td> <Td> Rob J. Greenlea </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> May 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 90 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Harry and the Harrisons '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Mock </Td> <Td> Judalina Neira & Lauren Certo </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 91 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Think Fast '' </Td> <Td> Viet Nguyen </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> May 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` We Are the Flash '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2014 -- 15 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> October 7 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.9 / 6 </Td> <Td> 4.83 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.00 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Fastest Man Alive '' </Td> <Td> October 14 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.7 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.27 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Things You Ca n't Outrun '' </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.59 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Going Rogue '' </Td> <Td> October 28 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.53 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Plastique '' </Td> <Td> November 11 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.46 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Is Born '' </Td> <Td> November 18 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.73 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Power Outage '' </Td> <Td> November 25 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.47 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Flash vs. Arrow '' </Td> <Td> December 2 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.6 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.34 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.31 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Man in

The Flash is coming back after Christmas on

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White coat ceremony - wikipedia <H1> White coat ceremony </H1> Jump to : navigation , search A white coat worn by a Canadian gastroenterologist . <P> The White Coat Ceremony ( WCC ) is a relatively new ritual in some medical ( MD , DO ) , dental , optometry , audiology , chiropractic , dietetic , occupational therapy , physical therapy , podiatric , pharmacy , physician assistant , pathologists ' assistant , nursing , naturopathic and veterinary schools that marks the student 's transition from the study of preclinical to clinical health sciences . At some schools , where students begin meeting patients early in their education , the white coat ceremony is held before the first year begins . It is an example of a matriculation . </P> <P> WCCs typically involve a formal `` coating '' of students . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> <P> Over 100 medical schools in the USA now have a WCC , and many students now consider it a rite of passage in the journey toward a healthcare career . Some schools also use this as a graduation from the entire program . For example , Moreno Valley College has a White Coat Ceremony for the Physician Assistant students at the end of their final term , where the short coats are discarded and long coats are given as a symbol of being equal clinicians to others who have earned the long coats . </P> <P> According to some , WCCs have taken on a quasi-religious significance , that symbolizes a `` conversion '' of a lay person into a member of the healthcare profession and is similar to a priest 's ordination to the priesthood , although it is notable that the white coat is a recent adoption by the medical profession . However , in many medical schools around the world students begin wearing their white coats during first year anatomy class , so there is no official white coat ceremony . </P> <P> In the nineteenth century respect for the certainty of science was in stark contrast to the quackery and mysticism of nineteenth century medicine . To emphasize the transition to the more scientific approach to modern medicine , physicians sought to represent themselves as scientists and began to wear the most recognizable symbol of the scientist - the white laboratory coat . This led to the more recent association of the white coat with medicine since its continued adoption . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> White Coat Ceremony in Graz ( Austria ) 2012 RCSI Bahrain students taking a group photo following the 2013 White coat ceremony <P> WCCs originated in University of Chicago 's Pritzker School of Medicine in 1989 , but the first full - fledged ceremony was at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons . In 1993 , Dr. Arnold P. Gold , a teacher and pediatric neurologist , created the first full - fledged WCC at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons . Before this ceremony , medical students typically received the Hippocratic Oath for the first time at commencement . This ceremony marks a change in tradition , introducing students to the Oath before starting their first year of study . This was intended to provide students with well - defined guidelines regarding the expectations and responsibilities appropriate for the medical profession prior to their first day of class . Since its conception at Columbia , the WCC has spread rapidly to schools of medicine , dentistry , osteopathic medicine , optometry , and nursing worldwide . </P> <P> Since starting in the US , several medical schools in countries outside of the United States ( such as Iran , Israel , Canada , UK , Dominican Republic , Brazil and Poland ) have also started holding WCCs . The ceremony is no longer limited to medical students ; starting in 1995 , US pharmacy schools started holding WCCs , with the difference that most pharmacy students receive their coats at the end of their first academic year . In 2003 a survey found that the majority of US pharmacy schools hold WCCs . The Gold - sponsored version of the WCC , or a similar rite of passage , is currently used by 97 percent of Association of American Medical Colleges ( AAMC ) - accredited schools of medicine in the United States , and takes place at medical and osteopathic schools in 13 other countries . </P> <P> In December 2006 the first white coat ceremony was held by Fatima Jinnah Dental College ( FJDC ) , in Karachi , Pakistan . </P> <P> In October 2008 the white coat ceremony was held at the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , it was the first ceremony held in The Netherlands . In 2011 Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam also participated in holding the ceremony at their Medical Faculty . </P> <P> On October 13 , 2010 , the faculty of medicine at the University of Cologne , Germany , became the first German - speaking University to integrate this ritual into its programme . Initiated by then - student representative Hormos Salimi Dafsari in Cologne , the ceremony has been spread to various German cities such as Leipzig and Halle via channels of the German Medical Students ' Association ( bvmd ) . </P> <P> On April 12 , 2010 , The University of Queensland 's ( Australia ) School of Pharmacy became the first in Australia to adopt the ceremony for its incoming Bachelor of Pharmacy students . </P> <P> In September 2011 , Jagiellonian University in Kraków became the first medical school in Poland to introduce a white coat ceremony for the incoming class . ( 1 ) '' </P> <P> On February 28 , 2011 , the Faculty of Medicine at the Università del Piemonte Orientale `` Amedeo Avogadro '' in Novara became the first Italian medical school to introduce a white coat ceremony for its third year students . </P> <P> On October 5 , 2012 , the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy `` Gr . T. POPA '' of Iasi , Romania , became the first Romanian university to integrate this ritual , for its first year medical students , into the symbolism of developing as a physician . </P> <P> On October 8 , 2012 , the Medical University of Graz became the first university in Austria to celebrate a White Coat Ceremony of its third - year students . </P> <P> On December 6 , 2012 , the School of Medicine at the All American Institute of Medical Sciences , Jamaica , became the first in Jamaica to introduce this ritual , for its Basic Sciences medical students . </P> <P> In 2014 the Arnold P. Gold Foundation for Humanism in Medicine partnered with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing ( AACN ) to pilot the White Coat Ceremony at nursing schools . </P> <P> On 13th of July 2017 . The medical school of University Of Tripoli became the first Libyan University to introduce this event </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Pinning ceremony for nurses </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Veatch RM ( February 2002 ) . `` White coat ceremonies : a second opinion '' . J Med Ethics. 28 ( 1 ) : 5 -- 9 . doi : 10.1136 / jme. 28.1. 5 . PMC 1733513 . PMID 11834749 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jones VA , `` The White Coat : Why not Follow Suit ? '' JAMA. 1999 ; 281 : 478 . Full Text . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Warren , Peter M. `` For New Medical Students , White Coats Are a Warmup '' Los Angeles Times , 18 October 1999 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Celebrating 20 Years of the White Coat Ceremony '' . Columbia Medicine Magazine . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` White Coat Ceremony '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` White Coat Ceremony - History '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` New York Medical College - Press Releases '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brown DL , Ferrill MJ , Pankaskie MC ( October 2003 ) . `` White coat ceremonies in US schools of pharmacy '' . Ann Pharmacother. 37 ( 10 ) : 1414 -- 9 . doi : 10.1345 / aph. 1D124 . PMID 14519030 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Arnold P. Gold Foundation White Coat Ceremony - The Arnold P. Gold Foundation '' . The Arnold P. Gold Foundation . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` White Coat Ceremony , Fachschaft Medizin Köln '' White Coat Ceremony , Fachschaft Medizin Köln </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` White Coat Ceremony Winter 2010 Cologne , Key Note Speech Hormos Salimi Dafsari '' White Coat Ceremony Winter 2010 Cologne , Key Note Speech Hormos Salimi Dafsari </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland e.V. ( bvmd ) '' Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland e.V. ( bvmd ) Wikipedia Page </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Debutto per la Cerimonia del Camice Bianco , NovaraOggi.com '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` American Association of Colleges of Nursing - The Arnold P. Gold Foundation and AACN Initiate White Coat Ceremony '' . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_coat_ceremony&oldid=817798013 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Ceremonies </Li> <Li> Fashion - related occasions </Li> <Li> Medical education </Li> <Li> Rites of passage </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases </Li> <Li> Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from June 2012 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 30 December 2017 , at 17 : 18 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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In pharmacy school, students typically receive their white coat

When do you get your white coat in pharmacy school?

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Take Me Out ( UK game show ) - wikipedia <H1> Take Me Out ( UK game show ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Take Me Out </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Game show </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> Paddy McGuinness </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of series </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 92 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Granada Studios ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> The Maidstone Studios ( 2010 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 60 -- 90 minutes ( inc . adverts ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Talkback Thames ( 2010 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> Thames ( 2012 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> FremantleMedia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> ITV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Stereo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 2 January 2010 ( 2010 - 01 - 02 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related shows </Th> <Td> Take Me Out : The Gossip The Love Machine Blind Date </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Take Me Out is a dating game show presented by comedian Paddy McGuinness . Based on the Australian show Taken Out , it began airing on ITV in the United Kingdom and simulcast on TV3 in the Republic of Ireland on 2 January 2010 . An unscreened pilot episode was made for Channel 4 in 2009 , but it was ITV who picked it up for a series . The show is produced by Thames ( formerly Talkback Thames ) . The show is currently sponsored by Match.com , as of 2018 . </P> <P> The first series was recorded at Granada Studios in Manchester , but has since been recorded at The Maidstone Studios in Maidstone , Kent , as it offered increased space and capacity for audience members . </P> <P> In 2012 , the show introduced a spin - off show entitiled Take Me Out : The Gossip , which aired on ITV2 and was co-hosted by Zoe Hardman and Mark Wright in 2012 and 2013 . It did not air in 2014 , but returned in 2015 with Wright joined by new co-host Laura Jackson . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Format <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Round 1 </Li> <Li> 1.2 Round 2 </Li> <Li> 1.3 Round 3 </Li> <Li> 1.4 Round 4 </Li> <Li> 1.5 Round 5 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Transmissions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Original series </Li> <Li> 2.2 Specials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Take Me Out : The Gossip </Li> <Li> 4 International versions </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Viewership </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical reception </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Jim Brown </Li> <Li> 6.2 Wen - Jing Mo and Aaron Withers </Li> <Li> 6.3 Damion Merry </Li> <Li> 6.4 Rory Alexander </Li> <Li> 6.5 Jarvis Walters </Li> <Li> 6.6 Param Singh </Li> <Li> 6.7 Fakery claims </Li> <Li> 6.8 Influences </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 10th Anniversary </Li> <Li> 8 Take Me Out -- The Album <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Track listing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Board game </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The objective of the show is for a single man to obtain a date with one of thirty single women . The women stand on stage underneath thirty white lights , each with a button in front of them . A single man is then brought down on stage via the ' Love Lift ' and tries to persuade the women to agree to this date in a series of rounds , playing a pre-recorded video discussing his background , displaying a skill ( such as dancing or playing a musical instrument ) , or playing another video in which the man 's friends or family reveal more about his virtues and philosophy . </P> <P> At any point during the rounds , the women can press the button in front of them to turn off their light if they do not believe a date with this man would be constructive to their well - being and if this occurs , their area of the stage will turn red . If , at the end of three rounds , there are still lights left on , the bachelor will turn off all but two of the remaining lights himself . He will then have a chance to ask one question to the last two women , before choosing which woman he wants to go on the date with by turning off one more light . If the man is left with two lights at the end of round 3 , he will just ask his question to the two remaining women and if there is only one light left at the end of round 3 , he will go on the date with that girl without asking her his question . There are usually four men brought on in the course of a single episode , though on some occasions segments have been cut and only three men have been shown . </P> <P> If all the women turn off their lights before the end of the third round - this is referred to as a `` blackout '' - then the man must leave the show without going on a date , accompanied by the Céline Dion version of the hit Eric Carmen song `` All by Myself '' . In the first series , the successful couples conducted their date at FERNANDO 'S ! in Manchester , which is actually Club Bijou on Chapel Street , the outcome of which is shown as part of the following week 's show . For the second series , the date took place abroad on the Isle of FERNANDO 'S ! , a fictional location based in Puerto de la Cruz , Tenerife . Previously the date took place in Cyprus . Successful couples leave the programme upstairs on the opposite side of the studio to the ' Love Lift ' , and a song , usually from the latin pop genre , will be played . </P> <P> Comedic value is mostly provided by McGuinness 's array of catchphrases such as `` Let the ( object ) see the ( object ) '' , `` No likey , no lighty ! '' , `` If you 're turned off , turn off '' , `` If he 's not Mr Right , turn off your light '' , `` Get out there , turn one girl off and take one girl out ! '' , `` Come and get some Paddy love ! '' , `` The isle of ... FERNANDO 'S ! '' . </P> <H3> Round 1 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In this round the man comes down the love lift . He meets the girls and then says his name and where he is from . Paddy repeats but afterwards with one of catchphrases . Then the girls can turn off their light . From series 7 onwards , they have to write down a ' love at first light ' from the girls who had left their lights on . </P> <H3> Round 2 ( edit ) </H3> <P> This includes a pre-recorded video presented by the man . It sometimes includes interviews with his friends and family . It describes his personality and what they do . At any point the girls can turn off their light . </P> <H3> Round 3 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In this round the man shows a skill in the studio . Alternately their friend or family can say a secret . At any point the girl can turn off their light . </P> <H3> Round 4 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In this round the man turns off the lights of the remaining girls until just two are left lit . Alternatively , if there is only one or two girls left from round 3 then round 4 is skipped entirely . </P> <H3> Round 5 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In this round the man asks the girls who are remaining a question . The man then turns off the light of one girl . Paddy questions the chosen girl if they would rather know the man 's ' love at first light ' or not . Then they meet , go up the big stairs opposite the love lift and have a backstage interview . Alternatively , if only one girl remains lit from round 3 then the man gets to choose between her and a `` mysterious girl '' , who remains unseen until he makes his choice . </P> <H2> Transmissions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Original series ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Th> Start date </Th> <Th> End date </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th> Average viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 January 2010 </Td> <Td> 20 February 2010 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 4.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 December 2010 </Td> <Td> 19 March 2011 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 4.63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 January 2012 </Td> <Td> 7 April 2012 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 4.81 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 October 2012 </Td> <Td> 15 December 2012 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 3.29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 January 2013 </Td> <Td> 23 February 2013 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 4.06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 4 January 2014 </Td> <Td> 22 February 2014 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 3.64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 3 January 2015 </Td> <Td> 7 March 2015 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 3.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 2 January 2016 </Td> <Td> 5 March 2016 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 3.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 15 April 2017 </Td> <Td> 3 June 2017 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 3.11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 January 2018 </Td> <Td> 24 February 2018 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Specials ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Entitle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 December 2012 </Td> <Td> Celebrity Christmas Special </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 December 2013 </Td> <Td> Over 50s Text Santa Special </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 December 2016 </Td> <Td> Celebrity Specials </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 February 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 February 2018 </Td> <Td> 10th Anniversary Celebrity Special </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Over 50s Special </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Take Me Out : the Gossip ( edit ) </H2> <P> Take Me Out : The Gossip was a behind - the - scenes sister show that began airing weekly on ITV2 from series 3 - 5 and 7 - 9 , following the broadcast of the main programme . Most recently , it was presented by Laura Jackson and Mark Wright . Zoe Hardman previously hosted the show with Wright . </P> <P> A similar format , previously broadcast online , featuring backstage gossip and interviews with the contestants , was regularly made available on itv.com just hours after the broadcast of the main programme . </P> <H2> International versions ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Taken Out § International versions <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Viewership ( edit ) </H3> <P> Take Me Out has proven popular

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. The locket around his neck attempts to strangle him , but Ron arrives just in time to rescue Harry . Harry uses parseltongue to open the locket , and Ron destroys the Horcrux with the sword . Hermione and Ron reconcile , and the trio decide to go and visit Xenophilius Lovegood to learn more about a symbol drawn in the book Dumbledore left Hermione . Lovegood explains to them that the symbol represents the Deathly Hallows , three magical objects that when combined make a wizard master of Death . Hermione reads the story of the Hallows from her book , and after some awkward conversation the trio try to leave but are stopped by Lovegood . He explains that Luna has been kidnapped before betraying them and summoning the Death Eaters . Harry , Ron , and Hermione disapparate as Lovegood 's house is destroyed . </P> <P> Arriving back in the wilderness , the trio sets up camp when Snatchers find and chase them down . Hermione strikes Harry with a curse to disguise his features as the Snatchers take them all to Malfoy Manor . Bellatrix Lestrange imprisons Harry and Ron in the cellar with Luna , Ollivander , and Griphook the goblin . Bellatrix then tortures Hermione for information on how they got the sword of Gryffindor , which Bellatrix claims was in her vault at Gringott 's . Harry requests help , communicating with a piece of broken mirror in his possession . Dobby apparates into the cellar to save them . Harry and Ron rush to save Hermione , and a battle ensues that sees Harry disarm Draco Malfoy . Dobby drops a chandelier above Bellatrix , forcing her to release Hermione . Bellatrix throws her knife at them as Dobby grabs everyone and disapparates . They arrive at Shell Cottage and find that Bellatrix 's knife has fatally wounded Dobby . Harry insists that they bury Dobby properly without any magic , which they all agree to do . </P> <P> In the final scene , Voldemort breaks into Dumbledore 's tomb and steals the Elder Wand . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Further information : List of Harry Potter cast members <Ul> <Li> Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter </Li> <Li> Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley , one of Harry 's best friends . </Li> <Li> Emma Watson as Hermione Granger , one of Harry 's best friends . </Li> <Li> Helena Bonham Carter as Bellatrix Lestrange , a Death Eater and Sirius Black 's cousin and murderer . </Li> <Li> Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid , Harry 's half - giant friend , and gamekeeper at Hogwarts . </Li> <Li> Warwick Davis as Griphook , a goblin and former employee at Gringotts Bank . Davis replaced Verne Troyer , who portrayed the character physically in the first film , though Davis had dubbed Griphook 's lines . </Li> <Li> Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy , a Death Eater and son of Lucius and Narcissa Malfoy . </Li> <Li> Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort , an evil , power - hungry wizard , and the leader of the Death Eaters . </Li> <Li> Michael Gambon as Albus Dumbledore , former headmaster of Hogwarts killed by Severus Snape in the previous film . </Li> <Li> Brendan Gleeson as Alastor ' Mad - Eye ' Moody , a member of the Order of the Phoenix . </Li> <Li> Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley , Harry 's Muggle uncle . </Li> <Li> John Hurt as Garrick Ollivander , a wandmaker abducted by the Death Eaters . </Li> <Li> Rhys Ifans as Xenophilius Lovegood , the eccentric father of the trio 's friend Luna . </Li> <Li> Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy , Draco Malfoy 's father and a disgraced Death Eater . </Li> <Li> Bill Nighy as Rufus Scrimgeour , the new Minister of Magic . </Li> <Li> Alan Rickman as Severus Snape , a double agent to the Death Eaters and the new headmaster of Hogwarts . </Li> <Li> Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley , Harry 's Muggle aunt . </Li> <Li> Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew , the Death Eater who betrayed Harry 's parents to Voldemort . </Li> <Li> Imelda Staunton as Dolores Umbridge , Senior Undersecretary to the Minister and Head of the Muggle - born Registration Commission . </Li> <Li> David Thewlis as Remus Lupin , a member of the Order of the Phoenix and a former teacher at Hogwarts . </Li> <Li> Julie Walters as Molly Weasley , the Weasley matriarch and a mother figure to Harry . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Daniel Radcliffe filming Dobby 's death scene in Pembrokeshire , Wales . <P> Part 1 was filmed back - to - back with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010 . Director David Yates , who shot the film alongside director of photography Eduardo Serra , described Part 1 as `` quite real '' ; a `` road movie '' that 's `` almost like a vérité documentary '' . </P> <P> Originally set for a single theatrical release , the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram due to what David Heyman called `` creative imperative '' . Heyman initially responded negatively to the idea , but Wigram asked , `` No , David . How are we going to do it ? '' . After rereading the book and discussing it with screenwriter Steve Kloves , he agreed with the division . </P> <P> The production filmed at Dartford Crossing for the dramatic chase where Hagrid and Harry are being ambushed by Death Eaters . </P> <H3> Sets ( edit ) </H3> <P> Stuart Craig , set designer for all of the previous Harry Potter films , returned for the final two parts . He said , `` We made a very different kind of film , which was shot a great deal on location . We travelled quite far , we built sets , and they spend a lot of time in a forest , '' he explained . `` We built forest sets and integrated them into the real forests , so there were challenges there , as you might imagine . '' Craig was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Part 1 . </P> <P> On the wedding tent for Bill and Fleur 's wedding in Part 1 , Craig commented on his aim to `` rather than make it an extension of the house , which is rather eccentric , homemade , we decided to make it rather elegant ... It 's lined with silk and beautiful , floating candelabra . So it 's a nice contrast with the house . '' For the Ministry of Magic set , he noted , `` This is an underground world ; this is a ministry , so we went to the real ministries , the Muggle ministries -- Whitehall , in London -- and decided that our magical ministry was kind of a parallel universe to these real ministries . '' </P> <P> Craig also commented on his design of Malfoy Manor , saying that it is `` a very strong architectural set . The exterior is based on an Elizabethan house here in this country called Hardwick Hall and it has massive windows , and these windows are kind of blinded out . The shutters are drawn so they are like blind windows and they have a real kind of presence , an ominous presence , so that gave us the basis for a good exterior . There 's an extraordinary magical roof that 's added and surrounded by forest which is n't there in reality , but again is one of the devices to make it more threatening and mysterious . '' </P> <H3> Costumes ( edit ) </H3> <P> The costumes for Part 1 were designed by Jany Temime , who has been the costume designer on Harry Potter productions since Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) . Temime was involved in a controversy regarding her work on Fleur Delacour 's wedding dress . She was accused of copying the design from a similar dress from Alexander McQueen 's Fall 2008 collection . Temime spoke about the dress , saying that she `` wanted it to be a witch wedding dress but not a Halloween dress . The dress is white but it needed to have something fantastic to it . So there is the phoenix ( motif ) , the bird , which is a symbol of love in a way because there is rebirth , love never dies , it is born again . '' </P> <H3> Visual Effects ( edit ) </H3> The motorcycle with a sidecar used by Hagrid and Harry in the film . <P> After working on every film since Prisoner of Azkaban , Double Negative was asked to provide visual effects for the final instalments of the story , in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Parts 1 and 2 . Working closely with the film 's VFX Supervisor , Tim Burke , the team was led by VFX Supervisor , David Vickery and VFX Producer Charlotte Loughlane . The main team also included 3D Supervisor , Rick Leary and 2D Supervisor , Sean Stranks . </P> <P> Double Negative 's work for Part 1 included the corroding Warner Brothers logo and extensive environment extensions of the Burrows and its surrounds . Additional environment work was completed on Xenophilius Lovegood 's home , extending it in 3D and culminating in the Death Eaters ' attack . Double Negative also advanced the Death Eaters ' smoke effects , with the introduction of the ' flayed man ' stage in between their smokey , fluid , flying state and their live - action presence upon landing . Other work included the Patronus charm that interrupts the wedding party to inform the guests that Voldemort has taken over the Ministry of Magic . </P> <P> The visual effects company Framestore produced most of the creature CGI , as in previous films , as well as the animated Tale of the Three Brothers sequence , which was directed and designed by Ben Hibon . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 ( soundtrack ) See also : Music of the Harry Potter films <P> Composer Nicholas Hooper , who scored Order of the Phoenix and Half - Blood Prince , did not return for Deathly Hallows . Instead , Alexandre Desplat was hired to compose the score for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows − Part 1 . The film also featured the song `` O Children '' by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds . </P> <H2> Distribution ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Marketing ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first official picture from the first film was released on 1 December 2009 ( 2009 - 12 - 01 ) , showing Harry , Ron and Hermione in a London street . A clip was officially released on 8 December 2009 ( 2009 - 12 - 08 ) with the release of Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince on Blu - ray and DVD . At the 2010 ShoWest convention , Alan F. Horn premiered unfinished footage from both films . The 2010 MTV Movie Awards premiered more footage from Deathly Hallows . Following this was the release of the official teaser poster , which shows the release date of both Part 1 and Part 2 and a destroyed Hogwarts castle . ABC Family broadcast interviews and additional scenes from both parts during their Harry Potter weekend , which began on 8 July 2010 . A two - minute trailer for the film was released worldwide on 22 September 2010 . </P> <P> On 29 September 2010 , three character posters for Part 1 of Harry , Ron , and Hermione were released by Yahoo

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 was filmed

Where was harry potter and the deathly hallows part 1 filmed?

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replacement of Thanksgiving Day and its self - indulgent family feasting with a National Day of Atonement accompanied by a self - reflective collective fasting . '' Some of the controversy regarding Thanksgiving have been used to justify the Christmas creep ( the act of putting up Christmas decorations before Thanksgiving ) . </P> <P> Since 1970 , the United American Indians of New England , a protest group led by Frank `` Wamsutta '' James has accused the United States and European settlers of fabricating the Thanksgiving story and of whitewashing a genocide and injustice against Native Americans , and it has led a National Day of Mourning protest on Thanksgiving at Plymouth Rock in Plymouth , Massachusetts in the name of social equality and in honor of political prisoners . </P> <P> On November 27 , 1969 , as another notable example of anti-Thanksgiving sentiment , hundreds of supporters traveled to Alcatraz on Thanksgiving Day to celebrate the Occupation of Alcatraz ( which had started a week earlier and lasted until 1971 ) by Native Americans of All Tribes . The American Indian Movement and the Native American Church ( peyote religion ) both also hold a negative view of Thanksgiving ; the AIM has used it as a platform for protest , most notably when they took over a Mayflower float in a Thanksgiving Day parade . Some Native Americans hold `` Unthanksgiving Day '' celebrations in which they mourn the deaths of their ancestors , fast , dance , and pray . This tradition has been taking place since 1975 . </P> Seminoles having a Thanksgiving Meal in the mid-1950s <P> The perception of Thanksgiving among Native Americans is not , however , universally negative . Tim Giago , founder of the Native American Journalists Organization , seeks to reconcile Thanksgiving with Native American traditions . He compares Thanksgiving to `` wopila '' , a thanks - giving celebration practiced by Native Americans of the Great Plains . He wrote in The Huffington Post : `` The idea of a day of Thanksgiving has been a part of the Native American landscape for centuries . The fact that it is also a national holiday for all Americans blends in perfectly with Native American traditions . '' He also shares personal anecdotes of Native American families coming together to celebrate Thanksgiving . Members of the Oneida Indian Nation marched in the 2010 Macy 's Thanksgiving Day Parade with a float called `` The True Spirit of Thanksgiving '' and have done so every year since . </P> <P> In the early part of the twentieth century , the American Association for the Advancement of Atheism ( 4A ) opposed the celebration of Thanksgiving Day , offering an alternative observance called Blamegiving Day , which was in their eyes , `` a protest against Divine negligence , to be observed each year on Thanksgiving Day , on the assumption , for the day only , that God exists . '' Citing their view of the separation of church and state , some atheists in recent times have particularly criticized the annual recitation of Thanksgiving proclamations by the President of the United States , because these proclamations often revolve around the theme of giving thanks to God . </P> <P> The move by retailers to begin holiday sales during Thanksgiving Day ( as opposed to the traditional day after ) has been criticized as forcing ( under threat of being fired ) low - end retail workers , who compose an increasing share of the nation 's workforce , to work odd hours and to handle atypical , unruly crowds on a day reserved for rest . In response to this controversy , Macy 's and Best Buy ( both of which planned to open on Thanksgiving , even earlier than they had the year before ) stated in 2014 that most of their Thanksgiving Day shifts were filled voluntarily by employees who would rather have the day after Thanksgiving off instead of Thanksgiving itself . Blue laws in several Northeastern states prevent retailers in those states from opening on Thanksgiving . Such retailers typically open at midnight on the day after Thanksgiving to circumvent the laws as much as legally possible . </P> <H2> Date ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since being fixed on the fourth Thursday in November by law in 1941 , the holiday in the United States can occur on any date from November 22 to 28 . When it falls on November 22 or 23 , it is not the last Thursday , but the penultimate Thursday in November . Regardless , it is the Thursday preceding the last Saturday of November . </P> <P> Because Thanksgiving is a federal holiday , all United States government offices are closed and all employees are paid for that day . It is also a holiday for the New York Stock Exchange and most other financial markets and financial services companies . </P> <H3> Table of dates ( 2000 -- 2103 ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The date of Thanksgiving Day follows a 28 - year cycle , broken only by century years that are not also a multiple of 400 ( 2100 , 2200 , 2300 , 2500 , ... ) . The cycle break is an effect of the leap year algorithm , which dictates that such years are common years as an adjustment for the calendar - season alignment that leap years provide . Past and future dates of celebration include : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> November 22 </Th> <Th> November 23 </Th> <Th> November 24 </Th> <Th> November 25 </Th> <Th> November 26 </Th> <Th> November 27 </Th> <Th> November 28 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2023 </Td> <Td> 2022 </Td> <Td> 2021 </Td> <Td> 2020 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2019 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2029 </Td> <Td> 2028 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2027 </Td> <Td> 2026 </Td> <Td> 2025 </Td> <Td> 2024 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2035 </Td> <Td> 2034 </Td> <Td> 2033 </Td> <Td> 2032 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2031 </Td> <Td> 2030 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2040 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2039 </Td> <Td> 2038 </Td> <Td> 2037 </Td> <Td> 2036 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2046 </Td> <Td> 2045 </Td> <Td> 2044 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2043 </Td> <Td> 2042 </Td> <Td> 2041 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2051 </Td> <Td> 2050 </Td> <Td> 2049 </Td> <Td> 2048 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2047 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2057 </Td> <Td> 2056 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2055 </Td> <Td> 2054 </Td> <Td> 2053 </Td> <Td> 2052 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2063 </Td> <Td> 2062 </Td> <Td> 2061 </Td> <Td> 2060 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2059 </Td> <Td> 2058 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2068 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2067 </Td> <Td> 2066 </Td> <Td> 2065 </Td> <Td> 2064 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2074 </Td> <Td> 2073 </Td> <Td> 2072 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2071 </Td> <Td> 2070 </Td> <Td> 2069 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2079 </Td> <Td> 2078 </Td> <Td> 2077 </Td> <Td> 2076 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2075 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2085 </Td> <Td> 2084 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2083 </Td> <Td> 2082 </Td> <Td> 2081 </Td> <Td> 2080 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2091 </Td> <Td> 2090 </Td> <Td> 2089 </Td> <Td> 2088 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2087 </Td> <Td> 2086 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2096 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2095 </Td> <Td> 2094 </Td> <Td> 2093 </Td> <Td> 2092 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2103 </Td> <Td> 2102 </Td> <Td> 2101 </Td> <Td> 2100 </Td> <Td> 2099 </Td> <Td> 2098 </Td> <Td> 2097 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Days after Thanksgiving ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The day after Thanksgiving is a day off for some companies and most schools , particularly those that remain open on Columbus Day . It is known as Black Friday and has historically been known as a day for chaotic , early - morning sales at major retailers that were historically closed on Thanksgiving ; those who oppose the consumerist nature of the day can instead participate in Buy Nothing Day . The day after Thanksgiving is also Native American Heritage Day , a day to pay tribute to Native Americans for their many contributions to the United States . </P> <P> Small Business Saturday , a movement promoting shopping at smaller local establishments , takes place on the last Saturday in November , two days after Thanksgiving . Cyber Monday is a nickname given to the Monday following Thanksgiving ; the day evolved in the early days of the Internet , when consumers returning to work took advantage of their employers ' broadband Internet connections to do online shopping and retailers began offering sales to meet the demand . Giving Tuesday takes place on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving . </P> <H2> Literature ( edit ) </H2> `` A Hymn of Thanksgiving '' sheet music cover -- November 26 , 1899 . <H3> Poetry ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> `` Thanksgiving '' ( 1909 ) , by Florence Earle Coates . </Li> <Li> `` Over the River and Through the Wood '' ( 1844 ) , by Lydia Maria Child </Li> <Li> `` Thanksgiving Day , November 28 , 1986 '' , by William S. Burroughs in Tornado Alley . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` A Hymn of Thanksgiving '' ( 1899 ) , composed and written by Fanny J. Crosby and Ira D. Sankey . </Li> <Li> `` Alice 's Restaurant '' , a song by Arlo Guthrie on his 1967 album Alice 's Restaurant , based on a true incident in his life that began on Thanksgiving Day , 1965 . </Li> <Li> `` Thanksgiving '' , a song by George Winston on his 1982 album December . </Li> <Li> `` The Thanksgiving Song '' , a song by Adam Sandler on his album They 're All Gonna Laugh at You ! ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> `` Thanksgiving Day Parade '' , a song by Dan Bern on his album New American Language ( 2001 ) . </Li> <Li> `` Thanksgiving Day '' , a song by Ray Davies on his album Other People 's Lives ( 2006 ) . </Li> <Li> `` We Gather Together '' , hymn of Dutch origin now associated with Thanksgiving </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How Did Thanksgiving End Up On The Fourth Thursday ? '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Frank , Priscilla ( November 28 , 2013 ) . `` Christie 's Is Selling The Proclamation That Established Thanksgiving , Signed By George Washington '' . Huffington Post . Retrieved December 6 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Proclamation of Thanksgiving ( October 3 , 1863 ) '' . Abraham Lincoln Online . Retrieved November 24 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` President Abraham Lincoln 's Thanksgiving Day Proclamation of October 3 , 1863 ( Presidential Proclamation 106 ) '' . National Archives and Records Administration ( United States ) . Retrieved January 10 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bradford , Of Plymouth Plantation , 1789 -- 1897 , pp. 85 -- 92 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Winslow , Edward ( 1622 ) , Mourt 's Relation ( PDF )

The last year Thanksgiving was on the 23rd was

When was the last year thanksgiving was on the 23rd?

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Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Men 's singles - wikipedia <H1> Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Men 's singles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Men 's singles at the XXIII Olympic Winter Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> Gangneung Ice Arena Gangneung , South Korea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates </Th> <Td> 16 -- 17 February </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Competitors </Th> <Td> 30 from 21 nations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winning score </Th> <Td> 317.85 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Medalists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> 01 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Yuzuru Hanyu </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 02 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shoma Uno </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 03 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Javier Fernández </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 2014 2022 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Qualification </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> men </Td> <Td> ladies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pairs </Th> <Td colspan="2"> mixed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ice dancing </Th> <Td colspan="2"> mixed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team event </Th> <Td colspan="2"> mixed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The men 's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung , South Korea . The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February . </P> <P> This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Summary </Li> <Li> 2 Qualification </Li> <Li> 3 Schedule </Li> <Li> 4 Results <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Short program </Li> <Li> 4.2 Free skating </Li> <Li> 4.3 Overall </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics , Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button , who did so in 1952 . Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal , and Spain 's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal . Fernández won Spain 's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics . </P> <P> After the short program , Hanyu , Fernández , Uno , and Jin Boyang were first , second , third , and fourth respectively . Nathan Chen , originally one of the favorites for the podium , skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th , but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08 -- 8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu . He ended up fifth overall . In the free program , Jin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall , and placed fourth . </P> <P> In the victory ceremony , the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda , member of the International Olympic Committee , accompanied by Alexander Lakernik , ISU Figure Skating Vice President . </P> <P> Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics . Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads , five clean . He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics . With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score . For complete list of figure skating records , see list of highest scores in figure skating . </P> <H2> Qualification ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Qualification <P> A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete for the event , with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three . 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy . Each country decided the entry of its teams , and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete . All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score , which does not include component scores . For the short program this was 25.00 and the free skating 45.00 . </P> <H2> Schedule ( edit ) </H2> <P> All times are ( UTC + 9 ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Round </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 February </Td> <Td> 10 : 00 </Td> <Td> Short program </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 February </Td> <Td> 10 : 00 </Td> <Td> Free skating </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Results ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Short program ( edit ) </H3> <P> The short program was held on 16 February 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pl . </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Nation </Th> <Th> TSS </Th> <Th> TES </Th> <Th> PCS </Th> <Th> SS </Th> <Th> TR </Th> <Th> PE </Th> <Th> CH </Th> <Th> IN </Th> <Th> Ded </Th> <Th> StN </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Yuzuru Hanyu </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 111.68 </Td> <Td> 63.18 </Td> <Td> 48.50 </Td> <Td> 9.71 </Td> <Td> 9.43 </Td> <Td> 9.86 </Td> <Td> 9.75 </Td> <Td> 9.75 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Javier Fernández </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> 107.58 </Td> <Td> 59.79 </Td> <Td> 47.79 </Td> <Td> 9.36 </Td> <Td> 9.36 </Td> <Td> 9.71 </Td> <Td> 9.68 </Td> <Td> 9.68 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Shoma Uno </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 104.17 </Td> <Td> 58.13 </Td> <Td> 46.04 </Td> <Td> 9.29 </Td> <Td> 9.00 </Td> <Td> 9.25 </Td> <Td> 9.29 </Td> <Td> 9.21 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Jin Boyang </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> 103.32 </Td> <Td> 60.27 </Td> <Td> 43.05 </Td> <Td> 8.79 </Td> <Td> 8.29 </Td> <Td> 8.82 </Td> <Td> 8.54 </Td> <Td> 8.61 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Dmitri Aliev </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> <Td> 98.98 </Td> <Td> 56.98 </Td> <Td> 42.00 </Td> <Td> 8.43 </Td> <Td> 8.11 </Td> <Td> 8.50 </Td> <Td> 8.50 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Patrick Chan </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 90.01 </Td> <Td> 45.08 </Td> <Td> 45.93 </Td> <Td> 9.36 </Td> <Td> 9.07 </Td> <Td> 9.00 </Td> <Td> 9.29 </Td> <Td> 9.21 </Td> <Td> -- 1.00 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Adam Rippon </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 87.95 </Td> <Td> 44.48 </Td> <Td> 43.47 </Td> <Td> 8.57 </Td> <Td> 8.43 </Td> <Td> 8.86 </Td> <Td> 8.68 </Td> <Td> 8.93 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Mikhail Kolyada </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> <Td> 86.69 </Td> <Td> 43.84 </Td> <Td> 43.85 </Td> <Td> 8.96 </Td> <Td> 8.54 </Td> <Td> 8.64 </Td> <Td> 8.82 </Td> <Td> 8.89 </Td> <Td> -- 1.00 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Michal Březina </Td> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> 85.15 </Td> <Td> 44.34 </Td> <Td> 40.81 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> 7.89 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> 8.21 </Td> <Td> 8.21 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Keegan Messing </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 85.11 </Td> <Td> 45.50 </Td> <Td> 40.61 </Td> <Td> 8.04 </Td> <Td> 7.96 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> 8.29 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> − 1.00 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Jorik Hendrickx </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 84.74 </Td> <Td> 44.17 </Td> <Td> 40.57 </Td> <Td> 7.96 </Td> <Td> 7.89 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.29 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Vincent Zhou </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 84.53 </Td> <Td> 48.50 </Td> <Td> 36.03 </Td> <Td> 7.39 </Td> <Td> 6.96 </Td> <Td> 7.11 </Td> <Td> 7.32 </Td> <Td> 7.25 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Oleksii Bychenko </Td> <Td> Israel </Td> <Td> 84.13 </Td> <Td> 43.63 </Td> <Td> 40.50 </Td> <Td> 7.93 </Td> <Td> 7.71 </Td> <Td> 8.36 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.32 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> Misha Ge </Td> <Td> Uzbekistan </Td> <Td> 83.90 </Td> <Td> 41.75 </Td> <Td> 42.15 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.54 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 8.79 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> Cha Jun - hwan </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> 83.43 </Td> <Td> 43.79 </Td> <Td> 39.64 </Td> <Td> 7.93 </Td> <Td> 7.68 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> 8.00 </Td> <Td> 7.96 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> Brendan Kerry </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 83.06 </Td> <Td> 45.49 </Td> <Td> 37.57 </Td> <Td> 7.57 </Td> <Td> 7.36 </Td> <Td> 7.61 </Td> <Td> 7.57 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> Nathan Chen </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 82.27 </Td> <Td> 41.39 </Td> <Td> 41.88 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 8.32 </Td> <Td> 8.14 </Td> <Td> 8.57 </Td> <Td> 8.39 </Td> <Td> -- 1.00 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> Daniel Samohin </Td> <Td> Israel </Td> <Td> 80.69 </Td> <Td> 43.29 </Td> <Td> 38.40 </Td> <Td> 7.79 </Td> <Td> 7.29 </Td> <Td> 7.79 </Td> <Td> 7.71 </Td> <Td> 7.82 </Td> <Td> -- 1.00 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> Yan Han </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> 80.63 </Td> <Td> 40.99 </Td> <Td> 40.64 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> 7.86 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> − 1.00 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> Keiji Tanaka </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 80.05 </Td> <Td> 40.30 </Td> <Td> 40.75 </Td> <Td> 8.36 </Td> <Td> 7.86 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> 8.21 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> -- 1.00 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 21 </Th> <Td> Deniss Vasiļjevs </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> 79.52 </Td> <Td> 39.34 </Td> <Td> 41.18 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> 8.00 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.39 </Td> <Td> 8.36 </Td> <Td> -- 1.00 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 22 </Th> <Td> Moris Kvitelashvili </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 76.56 </Td> <Td> 40.88 </Td> <Td> 36.68 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 7.11 </Td> <Td> 7.32 </Td> <Td> 7.43 </Td> <Td> 7.36 </Td> <Td> − 1.00 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 23 </Th> <Td> Matteo Rizzo </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 75.63 </Td> <Td> 39.23 </Td> <Td> 36.40 </Td> <Td> 7.29 </Td> <Td> 7.11 </Td> <Td> 7.29 </Td> <Td> 7.39 </Td> <Td> 7.32 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 24 </Th> <Td> Paul Fentz </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 74.73 </Td> <Td> 37.71 </Td> <Td> 37.02 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 7.25 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 7.39 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> Did not advance to free skating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> Julian Yee </Td> <Td> Malaysia </Td> <Td> 73.58 </Td> <Td> 38.37 </Td> <Td> 35.21 </Td> <Td> 7.07 </Td> <Td> 6.82 </Td> <Td> 7.11 </Td> <Td> 7.14 </Td> <Td> 7.07 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> Chafik Besseghier </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 72.10 </Td> <Td> 38.41 </Td> <Td> 33.69 </Td> <Td> 6.79 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 6.89 </Td> <Td> 6.86 </Td> <Td> 6.86 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> Denis Ten </Td> <Td> Kazakhstan </Td> <Td> 70.12 </Td> <Td> 30.77 </Td> <Td> 39.35 </Td> <Td> 8.11 </Td> <Td> 7.82 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> 7.89 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 28 </Th> <Td> Michael Christian Martinez </Td> <Td>

The gold medal in men's figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics was won by

Who won the medals in men's figure skating 2018?

151881767183299162

to the exclusion of other empires and even other merchants based in its own colonies . The government protected its London - based merchants and kept out others by trade barriers , regulations , and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from the realm and minimize imports . </P> <P> The government also fought smuggling , and this became a direct source of controversy with American merchants when their business activities became classified as smuggling according to the Navigation Acts -- including activities that had been considered business as normal previously , such as direct trade with the French , Spanish , Dutch , and Portuguese . The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses , so that gold and silver would pour into London . The government took its share through duties and taxes , with the remainder going to merchants in Britain . The government spent much of its revenue on a superb Royal Navy which protected the British colonies and also threatened the colonies of the other empires , sometimes even seizing them . Thus , the British Navy captured New Amsterdam ( New York ) in 1664 . The colonies were captive markets for British industry , and the goal was to enrich the mother country . </P> <H3> Freedom from religious persecution ( edit ) </H3> <P> The prospect of religious persecution by authorities of the crown and the Church of England prompted a significant number of colonization efforts . People fleeing persecution by King Charles I were responsible for settling most of New England , and the Province of Maryland was founded in part to be a haven for Roman Catholics . </P> <H2> Early colonial failures ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> European colonization of the Americas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First wave of European colonization </Li> <Li> British </Li> <Li> Couronian </Li> <Li> Danish </Li> <Li> Dutch </Li> <Li> French </Li> <Li> German </Li> <Li> Hospitaller ( Maltese ) </Li> <Li> Norse </Li> <Li> Portuguese </Li> <Li> Russian </Li> <Li> Scottish </Li> <Li> Spanish </Li> <Li> Swedish </Li> <Li> Colonization of Canada </Li> <Li> Colonization of the United States </Li> <Li> Decolonization </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Colonialism portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Anonymous Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to map the eastern seaboard of the U.S. from New York to Florida , as documented in the Cantino planisphere of 1502 . However , they kept their discoveries a secret and did not attempt to settle in North America , as the Inter caetera had granted these lands to Spain , issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493 . </P> <P> Other countries did attempt to found colonies in America over the following century , and most of these attempts ended in failure . The colonists faced high rates of death due to many reasons , including disease , starvation , inefficient resupply , conflict with Indians , and attacks by rival European powers . </P> <P> Spain had numerous failed attempts , including San Miguel de Gualdape in Georgia ( 1526 ) , Pánfilo de Narváez 's expedition to Florida 's Gulf coast ( 1528 -- 36 ) , Pensacola in West Florida ( 1559 -- 61 ) , Fort San Juan in North Carolina ( 1567 -- 68 ) , and the Ajacán Mission in Virginia ( 1570 -- 71 ) . </P> <P> The French failed at Parris Island , South Carolina ( 1562 -- 63 ) , Fort Caroline on Florida 's Atlantic coast ( 1564 -- 65 ) , Saint Croix Island , Maine ( 1604 - 05 ) , and Fort Saint Louis , Texas ( 1685 -- 89 ) . </P> <P> The most notable English failures were the `` Lost Colony of Roanoke '' ( 1587 -- 90 ) in North Carolina and Popham Colony in Maine ( 1607 -- 08 ) . It was at the Roanoke Colony that Virginia Dare became the first English child born in the Americas ; her fate is unknown . </P> <H2> New Spain ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Viceroyalty of New Spain and Spanish colonization of the Americas The Spaniard Juan Ponce de León named and explored Florida . <P> Starting in the 15th century , Spain built a huge colonial empire in the Americas , consisting of New Spain and other viceroyalties . New Spain included territories in present - day Florida , Alabama , Mississippi , much of the United States west of the Mississippi River , parts of Latin America ( including Puerto Rico ) , and the Spanish East Indies ( including Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands ) . New Spain encompassed the territory of Louisiana after the 1762 signing of the Treaty of Fontainebleau , though Louisiana reverted to France in the 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso . Many territories that had been part of New Spain would become part of the United States after 1776 through various wars and treaties , including the Louisiana Purchase ( 1803 ) , the Adams -- Onís Treaty ( 1819 ) , the Mexican -- American War ( 1846 - 1848 ) , and the Spanish -- American War ( 1898 ) . Spain also sent several expeditions to the Pacific Northwest , and it transferred its claims to the Pacific Northwest to the United States in the Adams -- Onís Treaty . In terms of Spanish settlers , there were several thousand families in New Mexico and California that became American citizens in 1848 , plus small numbers in the other colonies . </P> The Castillo de San Marcos , built to defend Spanish St. Augustine , Florida . Construction began in 1672 . <H3> Florida ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : History of Florida and Spanish Florida <P> Spain established several small outposts in Florida in the early 16th century . The most important of these was St. Augustine , founded in 1565 but repeatedly attacked and burned by pirates , privateers , and English forces . Its buildings survived , even as nearly all the Spanish left . It claims to be the oldest European settlement in the continental United States . </P> <P> The British attacked Spanish Florida during numerous wars . As early as 1687 , the Spanish government had begun to offer asylum to slaves from British colonies . In 1693 , the Spanish Crown officially proclaimed that runaways would find freedom in Florida , in return for converting to Catholicism and a term for men of four years ' military service to the Crown . In effect , Spain created a maroon settlement in Florida as a front - line defense against English attacks from the north . Spain also intended to destabilize the plantation economy of the British colonies by creating a free black community to attract slaves seeking escape and refuge from the British slavery . </P> <P> In 1763 , Spain traded Florida to Great Britain in exchange for control of Havana , Cuba , which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years ' War . Florida was home to about 3,000 Spaniards at the time , and nearly all quickly left . Britain occupied Florida , but did not send many settlers to the area , and control was restored to Spain in 1783 by the Peace of Paris , which ended the American Revolutionary War . Spain sent no more settlers or missionaries to Florida during this second colonial period . The inhabitants of West Florida revolted against the Spanish in 1810 and formed the Republic of West Florida , which was quickly annexed by the United States . The United States took possession of East Florida in 1821 according to the terms of the Adams -- Onís Treaty . </P> <H3> New Mexico ( edit ) </H3> Main article : History of New Mexico <P> Throughout the 16th century , Spain explored the southwest from Mexico , with the most notable explorer being Francisco Coronado , whose expedition rode throughout modern New Mexico and Arizona . The Spanish moved north from Mexico , settling villages in the upper valley of the Rio Grande , including much of the western half of the present - day state of New Mexico . The capital was Santa Fe . Local Indians expelled the Spanish for 12 years following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 ; they returned in 1692 in the bloodless reoccupation of Santa Fe . Control was by Spain ( 223 years ) and Mexico ( 25 years ) until 1846 , when the American Army of the West took over in the Mexican -- American War . About a third of the population in the 21st century is descended from the Spanish settlers . </P> <H3> California ( edit ) </H3> Main article : History of California through 1899 Further information : Spanish missions in California and Territorial evolution of California The ruins of the Spanish Mission San Juan Capistrano in California . <P> Spanish explorers sailed along the coast of present - day California from the early 16th century to the mid-18th century , but no settlements were established over those centuries . </P> <P> From 1769 until the independence of Mexico in 1820 , Spain sent missionaries and soldiers to Alta California who created a series of missions operated by Franciscan priests . They also operated presidios ( forts ) , pueblos ( settlements ) s , and ranchos ( land grant ranches ) , along the southern and central coast of California . Father Junípero Serra , founded the first missions in Spanish upper Las Californias , starting with Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 . Through the Spanish and Mexican eras they eventually comprised a series of 21 missions to spread Roman Catholicism among the local Native Americans , linked by El Camino Real ( `` The Royal Road '' ) . They were established to convert the indigenous peoples of California , while protecting historic Spanish claims to the area . The missions introduced European technology , livestock , and crops . The Indian Reductions converted the native peoples into groups of Mission Indians ; they worked as laborers in the missions and the ranchos . In the 1830s the missions were disbanded and the lands sold to Californios . The indigenous Native American population was around 150,000 ; the Californios ( Mexican era Californians ) around 10,000 ; with the rest immigrant Americans and other nationalities involved in trade and business in California . </P> <H3> Texas ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Spanish Texas and Spanish missions in Texas <H3> Puerto Rico ( edit ) </H3> Further information : History of Puerto Rico <P> In September 1493 , Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships from Cádiz . On November 19 , 1493 he landed on the island of Puerto Rico , naming it San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist . The first European colony , Caparra , was founded on August 8 , 1508 by Juan Ponce de León , a lieutenant under Columbus , who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique Agüeybaná and who later became the first governor of the island . Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico . In 1508 , Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations . The following year , the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby islet on the coast , named Puerto Rico ( Rich Port ) , which had a suitable harbor . In 1511 , a second settlement , San Germán was established in the southwestern part of the island . During the 1520s , the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan . </P> <P> As part of the colonization process , African slaves were

The first permanent European settlement on future United States soil was located in

The first permanent european settlement on future united states soil was located where?

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A Series of Unfortunate Events ( TV Series ) - wikipedia <H1> A Series of Unfortunate Events ( TV Series ) </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 23 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> A Series of Unfortunate Events </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Drama </Li> <Li> Black comedy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mark Hudis </Li> <Li> Barry Sonnenfeld </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Neil Patrick Harris </Li> <Li> Patrick Warburton </Li> <Li> Malina Weissman </Li> <Li> Louis Hynes </Li> <Li> K. Todd Freeman </Li> <Li> Presley Smith </Li> <Li> Lucy Punch </Li> <Li> Avi Lake </Li> <Li> Dylan Kingwell </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nick Urata </Li> <Li> Daniel Handler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Look Away '' by Neil Patrick Harris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> James Newton Howard </Li> <Li> Sven Faulconer </Li> <Li> Chris Bacon </Li> <Li> Jim Dooley </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 18 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cindy Holland </Li> <Li> Brian Wright </Li> <Li> Ted Biaselli </Li> <Li> Daniel Handler </Li> <Li> Neil Patrick Harris </Li> <Li> Rose Lam </Li> <Li> Barry Sonnenfeld </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Neil Patrick Harris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Vancouver , British Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Bernard Couture </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stuart Bass </Li> <Li> Skip MacDonald </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 40 -- 64 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Paramount Television </Li> <Li> What is the Question ? </Li> <Li> Sonnenfeld Productions , Inc . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 4K ( Ultra HD ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 13 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 13 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events , or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events , is an American black comedy - drama web television series from Netflix , developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld , based on the children 's novel series of the same name by Lemony Snicket . It stars Neil Patrick Harris , Patrick Warburton , Malina Weissman , Louis Hynes , K. Todd Freeman , and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch , Avi Lake , and Dylan Kingwell joining the cast in the second season . </P> <P> The first season , which premiered on January 13 , 2017 , consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books of the series . The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30 , 2018 . A Series of Unfortunate Events was renewed for a third season in April 2017 , which will consist of seven episodes and adapt the remaining four books . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Introduced in season 1 </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Introduced in season 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Season 1 ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 2 ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 3 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Development </Li> <Li> 4.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 4.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 4.4 Music </Li> <Li> 4.5 Visual effects </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Audience viewership </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 Season 1 </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Season 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Premise </H2> <P> When a mysterious fire kills their parents , the Baudelaire children are placed into the care of their distant relative Count Olaf , an actor who is determined to claim the family fortune for himself . Following Olaf 's failed attempt and his plot being exposed , the Baudelaires set out to elude Olaf and uncover the mystery behind a secret society from their parents ' past . </P> <H2> Cast and characters </H2> See also : List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters <H3> Main </H3> <Ul> <Li> Neil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf , an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself . He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle , which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised . </Li> <Li> Patrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket , the narrator tasked with explaining the events during the lives of the Baudelaires . </Li> <Li> Malina Weissman as Violet Baudelaire , the eldest Baudelaire sibling and an inventor talented in mechanics . </Li> <Li> Louis Hynes as Klaus Baudelaire , the middle Baudelaire child , interested in literature and books . </Li> <Li> K. Todd Freeman as Arthur Poe , the family banker and executor of the Baudelaire parents who is in charge of placing the Baudelaires in the care of a suitable guardian . </Li> <Li> Presley Smith as Sunny Baudelaire , the infant child of the Baudelaires with unnaturally strong teeth . Tara Strong voices Sunny 's babbling , the meaning of which is often translated in subtitles . </Li> <Li> Lucy Punch as Esmé Squalor , a wealthy financial advisor , who becomes an ally and love interest for Count Olaf . </Li> <Li> Avi Lake as Isadora Quagmire , Duncan and Quigley 's sister who loves writing poetry . </Li> <Li> Dylan Kingwell as Duncan Quagmire , Isadora 's brother . Duncan is a keen journalist . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring </H3> <Ul> <Li> Will Arnett as Father , a man who is trying to return home to his three children . </Li> <Li> Cobie Smulders as Mother , a woman who is trying to return home to her three children . </Li> <Li> Usman Ally as the Hook - Handed Man , a member of Count Olaf 's theatre troupe with hooks instead of hands . </Li> <Li> Matty Cardarople as the Henchperson of Indeterminate Gender , another member of Count Olaf 's theatre troupe . </Li> <Li> Cleo King as Eleanora Poe , Arthur Poe 's wife and the editor - in - chief of The Daily Punctilio , who loves pursuing sensationalist headlines . </Li> <Li> John DeSantis as the Bald Man , a large bald - headed man who is another member of Count Olaf 's theatre troupe . </Li> <Li> Jacqueline and Joyce Robbins as the White - Faced Women , two elderly twins who are members of Count Olaf 's theatre troupe . </Li> <Li> Sara Canning as Jacquelyn , Mr. Poe 's standoffish assistant and a member of the Baudelaire family 's secret society . She possesses a spyglass . </Li> <Li> Patrick Breen as Larry Your - Waiter , a member of the Baudelaire family 's secret society who is seen working as a waiter at various establishments the Baudelaires visit , including the Anxious Clown and Café Salmonella . </Li> <Li> Sara Rue as Olivia Caliban , a librarian at Prufrock Preparatory School who later enlists as a member of the Baudelaire family 's secret society when she becomes invested in the Baudelaires ' plight . </Li> <Li> Nathan Fillion as Jacques Snicket , the dashing adventurer brother of Lemony Snicket who enlists Olivia Caliban to help the Baudelaires . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Guest </H3> Introduced in season 1 <Ul> <Li> Joan Cusack as Justice Strauss , a judge and Count Olaf 's neighbor who helps the Baudelaires and is hopeful to adopt them . </Li> <Li> Luke Camilleri as Gustav Sebald , a member of the Baudelaire family 's secret society and Monty 's former assistant . </Li> <Li> Aasif Mandvi as Montgomery `` Uncle Monty '' Montgomery , a distant relative of the Baudelaires and enthusiastic herpetologist who claims to have spent his childhood with their late parents . He is a member of the Baudelaire family 's secret society and possesses a spyglass . </Li> <Li> Alfre Woodard as Aunt Josephine Anwhistle , a distant relative of the Baudelaires at Lake Lachrymose who has many rational and irrational fears and a love of grammar . She is a member of the Baudelaire family 's secret society . </Li> <Li> Don Johnson as Sir , the cigar - smoking owner of Lucky Smells Lumbermill . </Li> <Li> Catherine O'Hara as Georgina Orwell , an optometrist and Count Olaf 's ex-girlfriend who hypnotizes the Lucky Smells Lumbermill workers so they never leave , also causing them to believe the Baudelaire parents set fire to Paltryville . O'Hara previously portrayed Justice Strauss in the 2004 film adaptation . </Li> <Li> Rhys Darby as Charles , Sir 's partner . </Li> <Li> Timothy Webber as Jimmy , a worker at Lucky Smells Lumbermill . </Li> <Li> Chris Gauthier as Phil , an optimistic worker who befriends the Baudelaires during their stay at the Lucky Smells Lumbermill . </Li> <Li> Loretta Walsh as Norma Rae , a worker at Lucky Smells Lumbermill . </Li> <Li> Trent Redekop as Cesar , a worker at Lucky Smells Lumbermill . </Li> </Ul> <P> Daniel Handler cameos as a fish head salesperson at Lake Lachrymose . Barry Sonnenfeld does a picture cameo as the late Ike Anwhistle in `` The Wide Window '' and appears as him in a flashback scene in `` The Carnivorous Carnival '' Pt. 1 . </P> Introduced in season 2 <Ul> <Li> Barry Sonnenfeld as the voice of Mr. Tammerlane , a person that Arthur Poe talks to on the phone . </Li> <Li> Roger Bart as Nero Feint , the violin - playing vice-principal of Prufrock Preparatory School and struggling musician with an egotistic personality and a love for excessive punishments . </Li> <Li> Kitana Turnbull as Carmelita Spats , an obnoxious , tutu - wearing student at Prufrock Preparatory School . </Li> <Li> Bronwen Smith as Miss Tench , Prufrock Preparatory School 's gym teacher who is replaced in the post by a disguised Count Olaf while on her way back to Prufrock Preparatory School with the pep squad and the sports team . </Li> <Li> Malcolm Stewart as Mr. Remora , a teacher at Prufrock Preparatory School who specializes in teaching his personal anecdotes and is always seen eating a banana . </Li> <Li> BJ Harrison as Mrs. Bass , a teacher at Prufrock Preparatory School who specializes in measuring objects . She later becomes a bank robber . </Li> <Li> Tony Hale as Jerome Squalor , the timid husband of Esmé Squalor . </Li> <Li> Ithamar Enriquez as Hector , a skittish handyman and citizen of the Village of Fowl Devotees who befriends the Baudelaires . </Li> <Li> Mindy Sterling as Elder Anabelle , a member of the Village of Fowl Devotees ' group of Elders . </Li> <Li> Carol Mansell as Elder Jemma , a member of the Village of Fowl Devotees ' group of Elders . </Li> <Li> Ken Jenkins as Elder Sam , a member of the Village

In the Netflix series "A Series of Unfortunate Events", the role of Violet was played by

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Shirley Jones - wikipedia <H1> Shirley Jones </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Shirley Jones ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Shirley Jones </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Jones in the 1970s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Shirley Mae Jones ( 1934 - 03 - 31 ) March 31 , 1934 ( age 84 ) Charleroi , Pennsylvania , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress , singer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1953 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> Oklahoma ! Carousel Elmer Gantry The Music Man The Partridge Family </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jack Cassidy ( m . 1956 ; div. 1974 ) Marty Ingels ( m . 1977 ; d . 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> 3 ; including Shaun and Patrick Cassidy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Musical career </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pop </Li> <Li> traditional pop </Li> <Li> gospel </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Instruments </Th> <Td> Vocals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Columbia </Li> <Li> RCA Victor </Li> <Li> Bell </Li> <Li> A&M </Li> <Li> Diadem </Li> <Li> Stage Door </Li> <Li> Encore Music Presents </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Partridge Family </Li> <Li> Jack Cassidy </Li> <Li> Pat Boone </Li> <Li> Gordon MacRae </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> shirleyjones.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Shirley Mae Jones ( born March 31 , 1934 ) is an American actress and singer . In her six decades of show business , she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of well - known musical films , such as Oklahoma ! ( 1955 ) , Carousel ( 1956 ) , and The Music Man ( 1962 ) . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in Elmer Gantry ( 1960 ) . She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge , the widowed mother of five children , in the musical situation - comedy television series The Partridge Family ( 1970 -- 74 ) , which co-starred her real - life stepson David Cassidy , son of Jack Cassidy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Early stage career </Li> <Li> 2.2 Movie actress of the 1950s and 1960s </Li> <Li> 2.3 The Partridge Family </Li> <Li> 2.4 Shirley and other projects </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Stage </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Discography <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Shirley Jones and Jack Cassidy albums </Li> <Li> 5.2 The Partridge Family albums </Li> <Li> 5.3 The Partridge Family singles </Li> <Li> 5.4 Shirley Jones albums </Li> <Li> 5.5 Shirley Jones singles </Li> <Li> 5.6 Soundtracks </Li> <Li> 5.7 Album appearances </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jones was born on March 31 , 1934 , in Charleroi , Pennsylvania , to Methodist parents Marjorie ( née Williams ) , a homemaker , and Paul Jones , owners of the Jones Brewing Company . Jones ' paternal grandfather came from Wales . She was named for child star Shirley Temple . The family later moved to the small nearby town of Smithton , Pennsylvania . Jones began singing at the age of six in the Methodist Church choir and took voice lessons from Ralph Lewando . Upon attending South Huntingdon High School in Ruffs Dale , Pennsylvania , she participated in school plays . </P> <P> Jones won the Miss Pittsburgh contest in 1952 . </P> A program featuring Shirley Jones and Jack Cassidy at the White House in 1957 <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early stage career ( edit ) </H3> <P> Her first audition was for an open biweekly casting call held by John Fearnley , casting director for Rodgers and Hammerstein and their various musicals . At the time , Jones had never heard of Rodgers and Hammerstein . Fearnley was so impressed , he ran across the street to fetch Richard Rodgers , who was rehearsing with an orchestra for an upcoming musical . Rodgers then called Oscar Hammerstein at home . The two saw great potential in Jones . She became the first and only singer to be put under personal contract with the songwriters . They first cast her in a minor role in South Pacific . For her second Broadway show , Me and Juliet , she started as a chorus girl , and then an understudy for the lead role , earning rave reviews in Chicago . </P> <H3> Movie actress of the 1950s and 1960s ( edit ) </H3> <P> Jones impressed Rodgers and Hammerstein with her musically trained voice , and she was cast as the female lead in the film adaptation of their hit musical Oklahoma ! in 1955 . Other film musicals quickly followed , including Carousel ( 1956 ) , April Love ( 1957 ) , and The Music Man ( 1962 ) , in which she was often typecast as a wholesome , kind character . However , she won a 1960 Academy Award for her performance in Elmer Gantry portraying a woman corrupted by the title character played by Burt Lancaster . Her character becomes a prostitute who encounters her seducer years later and takes her revenge . The director , Richard Brooks , had originally fought against her being in the movie , but after seeing her first scene , told her she would win an Oscar for her performance . She was reunited with Ron Howard ( who had played her brother in The Music Man ) in The Courtship of Eddie 's Father ( 1963 ) . Jones landed the role of a lady who fell in love with the professor in Fluffy ( 1965 ) . </P> <H3> The Partridge Family ( edit ) </H3> The Partridge Family , season 1 <P> In 1970 , after turning down the role of Carol Brady on The Brady Bunch , a role that ultimately went to her best friend , Florence Henderson , Jones was the producers ' first choice to audition for the lead role of Shirley Partridge in The Partridge Family , an ABC musical sitcom based loosely on the real - life musical family The Cowsills . The series focused on a young widowed mother whose five children form a pop rock group after the entire family painted its signature bus to travel . She was convinced that the combination of music and comedy would be a surefire hit . Jones realized , however , that : </P> <P> The problem with Partridge -- though it was great for me and gave me an opportunity to stay home and raise my kids -- when my agents came to me and presented it to me , they said if you do a series and it becomes a hit show , you will be that character for the rest of your life and your film career will go into the toilet , which is what happened . But I have no regrets . </P> <P> During its first season , it became a hit and was screened in over 70 countries . Within months , Jones and her co-stars were pop culture television icons . Her real - life 20 - year - old stepson David Cassidy , who was an unknown actor at the time , played Shirley Partridge 's eldest son Keith and became a teen idol . The show also spawned a number of albums and singles by The Partridge Family , performed by David Cassidy and Shirley Jones . That same year , `` I Think I Love You '' reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart , making Jones the second person , after Frank Sinatra , and the first woman to win an acting Oscar and also have a number - one hit on that chart , an achievement only matched by Cher and Barbra Streisand ( Cher had already topped the singles chart with I Got You Babe in 1965 , but did not win her Oscar until 1987 ) . The Partridge Family won a NARM award for the best - selling single of the year in 1970 for their hit `` I Think I Love You '' . In 1971 , The Partridge Family was nominated for a Grammy under the Best New Artist category . </P> Jones in 1972 <P> By 1974 , it was one of six series to be canceled that year ( along with Room 222 , The F.B.I. , The Brady Bunch , Owen Marshall : Counselor at Law , and Here 's Lucy ) to make room for new shows . </P> <P> Shirley Jones 's friendship with David Cassidy 's family began in the mid-to - late 1950s , when David was just six , after he learned about his father 's divorce from his mother Evelyn Ward . Upon David 's first meeting with Shirley before co-starring with her on The Partridge Family , he said , `` The day he tells me that they 're divorced , he tells me , ' We 're remarried , and let me introduce you to my new wife . ' He was thrilled when her first film , Oklahoma ! ( 1955 ) , had come out ; and my dad took me to see it -- I just see her , and I go , uh - oh , it does n't really quite register with me , ' cause I 'm in total shock , because I wanted to hate her , but the instant that I met her , I got the essence of her . She 's a very warm , open , sweet , good human being . She could n't have thawed it for me -- the coldness and the ice -- any more than she did . '' Shirley was shocked to hear her real - life stepson was going to audition for the role of Keith Partridge . David said , `` At the auditions , they introduced me to the lead actress ( Shirley Jones ) ' cause they had no idea , they had no idea . So I said , ' What are you doing here ? ' She looked at me and said , ' What are you doing here ? ' And I said , ' Well , I 'm reading for the lead guy . ' I said , ' What are you doing here ? ' She said , ' I 'm the mother ! ' '' Cassidy discussed his relationship with his stepmother on the show : `` She was n't my mother , and I can be very open , and we can speak , and we became very close friends . She was a very good role model for me , watching the way , you know , she dealt with people on the set , and watching people revere her . '' </P> <P> Cassidy appeared on many shows alongside his stepmother , including A&E Biography , TV Land Confidential , and The Today Show , and he was one of the presenters of his stepmother 's Intimate Portrait on Lifetime Television , and the reality show pilot In Search of the Partridge Family , where he served as co-executive producer . The rest of the cast also celebrated the 25th ,

The role of the mom in the Partridge Family was played by

Who played the mom in the partridge family?

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September 2000 . The film crew primarily shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney , Australia , with additional footage filmed in Tunisia , Spain and Italy . It was one of the first motion pictures shot completely on a high - definition digital 24 - frame system . </P> <P> The film was released in the United States on May 16 , 2002 . It received mixed reviews , with some critics hailing it as an improvement over its predecessor The Phantom Menace and others considering it the worst entry of the franchise . The visual effects , costume design , musical score , action scenes and Ewan McGregor 's performance as Obi - Wan Kenobi were all praised , however the romance of Anakin and Padmé , the dialogue and the film 's long runtime were all criticized . The film was a financial success , making over $649 million worldwide ; however , it also became the first Star Wars film to be outgrossed in its year of release , placing third domestically and fourth internationally . The film was released on VHS and DVD on November 12 , 2002 and was later released on Blu - ray on September 16 , 2011 . Following Attack of the Clones , the third and final film of the prequel trilogy , Revenge of the Sith , premiered in 2005 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Writing </Li> <Li> 3.2 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.3 Visual effects </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Themes </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Home media </Li> <Li> 5.2 3D re-release </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.2 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Novelizations </Li> <Li> 8 Sequel </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 10.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 10.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ten years after the Trade Federation 's invasion of Naboo , the Galactic Republic is threatened by the Separatist movement organized by former Jedi Master Count Dooku . Senator Padmé Amidala comes to Coruscant to vote on a motion to create an army to assist the Jedi against this threat . Narrowly avoiding an assassination attempt upon arrival , she is placed under the protection of Jedi Knight Obi - Wan Kenobi and his now 19 year old apprentice , Anakin Skywalker . The two Jedi thwart a second attempt on her life and subdue the assassin , Zam Wesell , a shape - shifter who is soon killed by her bounty hunter client before she can reveal his identity . The Jedi Council assigns Obi - Wan to identify and capture the bounty hunter , while Anakin is assigned to escort Padmé back to Naboo , where the pair develop a romantic attraction towards each other . </P> <P> Obi - Wan 's investigation leads him to the remote ocean planet Kamino , where he discovers an army of clones are being produced for the Republic , with bounty hunter Jango Fett serving as their genetic template . Obi - Wan deduces Jango to be the bounty hunter he is seeking , and follows him and his clone son , Boba , to the desert planet Geonosis via a homing beacon placed on their ship , the Slave I . Meanwhile , Anakin becomes troubled by premonitions of his mother , Shmi , in pain , and travels to Tatooine with Padmé to save her . They meet Owen Lars , Anakin 's stepbrother and the son of Shmi 's new husband , Cliegg Lars . Cliegg tells Anakin that Shmi was abducted by Tusken Raiders weeks earlier and is likely dead . Determined to find her , Anakin ventures out and finds Shmi at the Tusken campsite , where she dies in Anakin 's arms . Enraged , Anakin massacres the Tuskens and returns to the Lars homestead with Shmi 's body . After revealing his deed to Padmé , Anakin says that he wants to prevent death . </P> <P> On Geonosis , Obi - Wan discovers a Separatist gathering led by Count Dooku , whom Obi - Wan learns had authorized Padmé 's assassination and is developing a battle droid army with Trade Federation Viceroy Nute Gunray . Obi - Wan transmits his findings to Anakin to relay to the Jedi Council , but is captured mid-transmission . With knowledge of the droid army , Supreme Chancellor Palpatine is voted emergency powers to send the clones into battle . Anakin and Padmé journey to Geonosis to rescue Obi - Wan , but are also captured . The three are sentenced to death , but are eventually saved by a battalion of Jedi ( many of whom are killed ) and clone troopers led by Mace Windu and Yoda ; Jango Fett is killed by Mace during the rescue . As the clone and droid armies battle , Obi - Wan and Anakin intercept Dooku , and the three engage in a lightsaber battle . Dooku injures Obi - Wan and severs Anakin 's right arm , but Yoda arrives and duels Dooku . The battle ends in a stalemate , as Dooku flees to Coruscant , where he delivers blueprints for a superweapon to his Sith master , Darth Sidious . As the Jedi gravely acknowledge the beginning of the Clone Wars , Anakin is fitted with a robotic arm and secretly marries Padmé on Naboo , with C - 3PO and R2 - D2 as their witnesses . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Ewan McGregor ( left ) as Obi - Wan Kenobi and Hayden Christensen ( right ) as Anakin Skywalker in Attack of the Clones . Main articles : List of Star Wars characters and List of Star Wars cast members <Ul> <Li> Ewan McGregor as Obi - Wan Kenobi : A Jedi Master and mentor of Anakin Skywalker . </Li> <Li> Natalie Portman as Padmé Amidala : The former Queen of Naboo , who has recently been elected the planet 's senator . </Li> <Li> Hayden Christensen as Anakin Skywalker : Obi - Wan 's Padawan apprentice , who has grown into a powerful but arrogant Jedi . </Li> <Li> Ian McDiarmid as Chancellor Palpatine / Darth Sidious : A former senator of Naboo and secretly a Sith Lord who has recently been elected Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic . </Li> <Li> Samuel L. Jackson as Mace Windu : A Jedi Master sitting on the Jedi Council who warily watches the Galactic Senate 's politics . </Li> <Li> Christopher Lee as Count Dooku / Darth Tyranus : A former Jedi Master who now leads a Separatist movement and is Darth Sidious ' new Sith apprentice . </Li> <Li> Anthony Daniels as C - 3PO : A protocol droid built by Anakin for his mother . </Li> <Li> Kenny Baker as R2 - D2 : An astromech droid often seen on missions with Anakin and Obi - Wan . </Li> <Li> Frank Oz voices Yoda : The centuries - old Jedi Grand Master of an unknown species who , in addition to sitting on the Jedi Council , is the instructor for young Jedi . </Li> </Ul> <P> Ahmed Best , Pernilla August , Oliver Ford Davies , Andy Secombe , Silas Carson and Liam Neeson reprise their roles as Jar Jar Binks , Shmi Skywalker , Sio Bibble , Watto , Nute Gunray and Qui - Gon Jinn , respectively from The Phantom Menace , with the latter returning in an uncredited voice role cameo while Silas Carson also portrayed Ki - Adi - Mundi , a member of the Jedi Council . Alethea McGrath portrays Jocasta Nu , the chief librarian of the Jedi Archives . Temuera Morrison portrays Jango Fett , a Mandalorian bounty hunter who provides his DNA to use for cloning purposes in the creation of the clone army . Jimmy Smits portrays Bail Organa , a senator of the Republic , and Jay Laga'aia portrays Captain Typho , the head of security for Padmé Amidala . Daniel Logan portrays a young Boba Fett , Jango 's son , who is created from his `` father '' 's DNA . Leeanna Walsman portrays Zam Wesell , a shape - shifting Clawdite bounty hunter and partner of Jango 's , who is given the task of assassinating Padmé . Jack Thompson portrays Cliegg Lars , a moisture farmer who freed and married Shmi , thus becoming the stepfather of Anakin Skywalker . Joel Edgerton and Bonnie Piesse appear as Owen Lars , the son of Cliegg Lars and stepbrother of Anakin Skywalker , and Beru Whitesun , Owen 's girlfriend . Ayesha Dharker appears as Jamillia , the Queen of Naboo , and Rose Byrne and Verónica Segura appear as Dormé and Cordé , Padmé 's handmaidens and the latter who serves as a decoy to the senator and is killed during an assassination attempt . </P> <P> A large search for the new Anakin Skywalker was performed across the United States . Lucas auditioned various actors , mostly unknown , before casting Christensen . Among the many established actors who auditioned were Jonathan Brandis , Ryan Phillippe , Colin Hanks , and Paul Walker . Leonardo DiCaprio also met with Lucas for the role , but was `` definitely unavailable '' according to DiCaprio publicist Ken Sunshine . Co-star Natalie Portman later told Time magazine that Christensen `` gave a great reading . He could simultaneously be scary and really young . '' </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Writing ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the mixed critical response to The Phantom Menace , Lucas was hesitant to return to the writing desk . In March 2000 , just three months before the start of principal photography , Lucas finally completed his rough draft for Episode II . Lucas continued to iterate on his rough draft , producing a proper first and second draft . For help with the third draft , which would later become the shooting script , Lucas brought on Jonathan Hales , who had written several episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles for him , but had limited experience writing theatrical films . The final script was completed just one week before the start of principal photography . </P> <P> As an in - joke , the film 's working title was Jar Jar 's Big Adventure , a sarcastic reference to the negative fan response to the Episode I character . </P> <P> In writing The Empire Strikes Back , Lucas initially decided that Lando Calrissian was a clone and came from a planet of clones which caused the `` Clone Wars '' mentioned by Obi - Wan Kenobi in A New Hope ; he later came up with an alternate concept of an army of clone shocktroopers from a remote planet which were used by the Republic as an army in the war that followed . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> See also : List of Star Wars filming locations Plaza de España was the filming location for the Naboo palace . <P> Principal photography occurred between June 26 , 2000 and September 20 , 2000 at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney . Location shooting took place in the Tunisian desert , at the Plaza de España in Seville , London , China , Vancouver , San Diego , and Italy ( Villa del Balbianello on Lake Como , and in the former royal Palace of Caserta ) . At his own personal request , Samuel L. Jackson 's character Mace Windu received a lightsaber that emitted an amethyst glow , as opposed to traditional blue and green for `` good guys '' and red for `` bad guys '' . Reshoots were performed in March 2001 . During this time , a new action sequence was developed featuring the droid factory

The main characters in Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones include

Star wars episode ii attack of the clones characters?

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Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn - wikipedia <H1> Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Sitcom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Matt Fleckenstein </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developed by </Th> <Td> Michael Feldman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brian Stepanek </Li> <Li> Allison Munn </Li> <Li> Aidan Gallagher </Li> <Li> Casey Simpson </Li> <Li> Mace Coronel </Li> <Li> Lizzy Greene </Li> <Li> Gabrielle Elyse </Li> <Li> Kyla - Drew Simmons </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> Doug Rockwell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Chris Lee and Scott Clausen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 68 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Michael Feldman </Li> <Li> Douglas Danger Lieblein </Li> <Li> David DiPietro </Li> <Li> Paul Ciancarelli </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sarah Jane Cunningham and Suzie V. Freeman </Li> <Li> Barbara Brace </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 22 -- 23 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 13th </Li> <Li> Nickelodeon Productions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Nickelodeon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 13 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.nick.com/nicky-ricky-dicky-and-dawn/ </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn is an American sitcom developed by Michael Feldman and created by Matt Fleckenstein that premiered on Nickelodeon on September 13 , 2014 . The series stars Brian Stepanek , Allison Munn , Aidan Gallagher , Casey Simpson , Mace Coronel , Lizzy Greene , Gabrielle Elyse , and Kyla - Drew Simmons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Characters </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 Ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series focuses on quadruplets Nicky , Ricky , Dicky , and Dawn Harper , 10 - years - old at the start of the series , who have nothing in common and often fight , but must work together to solve everyday situations . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tom ( Brian Stepanek ) is the father of the quadruplets . It is a running gag in the series that he cares more about his possessions than his children , but he loves his family and is a kid at heart . </Li> <Li> Anne ( Allison Munn ) is the mother of the quadruplets who usually gets caught up in Tom 's new obsessions . </Li> <Li> Nicky ( Aidan Gallagher ) is the youngest of the quadruplets . He is shown to be quite comedic , quirky , and easily confused . </Li> <Li> Ricky ( Casey Simpson ) is the second oldest of the quadruplets . He is the smart one of the group , always seen carrying a book or doing his homework . He is also a neat freak and a bit of a goody two - shoes , though he occasionally tries to prove to Dawn and his brothers that he can bend rules as well . </Li> <Li> Dicky ( Mace Coronel ) is the easy - going quadruplet who cares a great deal about his appearance . He always takes the easy way out . </Li> <Li> Dawn ( Lizzy Greene ) is the oldest of the quadruplets . Although she 's always seen bothering her brothers , she does care about them deeply . There is a consistent rivalry for the leader spot of the quads between her and Ricky . </Li> <Li> Josie ( Gabrielle Elyse ) is a worker at Tom 's sporting shop and babysitter for Nicky , Ricky , Dicky and Dawn . She only appears in the first season . </Li> <Li> Mae ( Kyla - Drew Simmons ) is the quads ' friend and Dawn 's best friend . She once called herself `` the fifth quad '' . In the first two seasons , she is a recurring character , but is promoted to a main character in the third season . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series was originally picked up for 13 episodes on March 13 , 2014 , but was later increased to 20 episodes . The series premiered on September 13 , 2014 . On November 18 , 2014 , the series was renewed for a second season . The second season premiered on May 23 , 2015 . On February 9 , 2016 , Nickelodeon renewed Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn for a third season of 14 episodes . It was also confirmed that Matt Fleckenstein would step down as show runner . Actress Lizzy Greene announced on her Twitter account that production for season three started on April 26 , 2016 . The third season premiered on January 7 , 2017 . The series was renewed for a fourth season and had its episode order for the third season increased from 14 to 24 by Nickelodeon on March 20 , 2017 . On October 4 , 2017 , it was announced that Mace Coronel would be leaving both Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn and Nickelodeon . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 20 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> March 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 03 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 25 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> May 23 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> August 6 , 2016 ( 2016 - 08 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 23 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> January 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> August 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 05 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> First aired </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Last aired </Th> <Th> Avg . viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> September 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 1.60 </Td> <Td> March 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 03 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> 1.75 </Td> <Td> 1.75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> May 23 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 1.11 </Td> <Td> August 6 , 2016 ( 2016 - 08 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 1.31 </Td> <Td> 1.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> January 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 1.58 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> 1.47 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Awards and nominations ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Refs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards </Td> <Td> Favorite TV Show </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards </Td> <Td> Favorite TV Show -- Kids ' Show </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Ricky Harper . `` Mall in the Family '' . Nicky , Ricky , Dicky , and Dawn. 2 : 00 minutes in . She 's eleven . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nickelodeon Greenlights New Comedy from Dan Schneider , Two Other Live - Action Series '' . Deadline . March 13 , 2014 . Retrieved August 4 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Henry Danger and Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn Renewed for Second Seasons by Nickelodeon '' . Screener . November 18 , 2014 . Retrieved November 18 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva ( February 9 , 2016 ) . `` Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn Renewed for Season Three by Nickelodeon ; Creator Exits '' . Deadline . Retrieved February 11 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lizzy Greene ( April 26 , 2016 ) . `` Season 3 starts today ca n't wait for you guys to see '' . Twitter . Retrieved May 11 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva ( March 20 , 2017 ) . `` Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn Renewed for Season Four by Nickelodeon '' . Deadline . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva ( October 4 , 2017 ) . `` Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn Future in Limbo After Star Mace Coronel Abruptly Exits Hit Nickelodeon Series '' . Deadline . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://deadline.com/2017/10/nicky-ricky-dicky-dawn-mace-coronel-abruptly-exits-nickelodeon-comedy-series-1202182216/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf ( September 16 , 2014 ) . `` Top 25 Saturday Cable Originals : 9.13. 2014 '' . Showbuzz Daily . Retrieved December 20 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf ( March 25 , 2015 ) . `` Top 25 Tuesday Cable Originals : 3.24. 2015 '' . Showbuzz Daily . Retrieved March 26 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf ( May 27 , 2015 ) . `` Top 100 Saturday Cable Originals : 5.23. 2015 '' . Showbuzz Daily . Retrieved December 20 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf ( August 9 , 2016 ) . `` Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals : 8.6. 2016 '' . Showbuzz Daily . Retrieved August 9 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mitch Metcalf ( January 10 , 2017 ) . `` Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals : 1.7. 2017 '' . Showbuzz Daily . Retrieved January 10 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Nicky , Ricky , Dicky & Dawn on IMDb </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Nickelodeon original programming </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> 1970s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pinwheel ( 1977 -- 90 ) </Li> <Li> America Goes Bananaz ( 1979 -- 80 ) </Li> <Li> Nickel Flicks ( 1979 -- 80 ) </Li> <Li> Hocus Focus ( 1979 -- 80 ) </Li> <Li> Video Comic Book ( 1979 -- 81 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1980s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First Row Features ( 1980 -- 82 ) </Li> <Li> Special Delivery ( 1980 -- 93 ) </Li> <Li> Standby ... Lights ! Camera ! Action ! ( 1982 -- 87 ) </Li> <Li> You Ca

The character Dawn on the TV show "Nicky, Ricky, Dicky and Dawn" is played by

Who plays dawn on nicky ricky dicky and dawn?

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on the British Film Institute 's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century . In 2017 a poll of 150 actors , directors , writers , producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 74th best British film ever . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.2 Box office </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Accolades <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Wins </Li> <Li> 6.2 Nominations </Li> <Li> 6.3 Recognition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Television series </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film follows the adventures of a group of friends through the eyes of Charles , a good - natured but socially awkward man living in London , who becomes smitten with Carrie , an American whom Charles keeps meeting at four weddings and a funeral . </P> <P> The first wedding is in Somerset and is that of Angus and Laura , at which Charles is the best man . Charles and his single friends wonder whether they will ever get married . Charles meets Carrie and spends the night with her . Carrie pretends that , now they have slept together , they will have to get married , to which Charles endeavours to respond before realising she is joking . Carrie observes that they may have missed an opportunity and then returns to America . </P> <P> The second wedding is that of Bernard and Lydia , a couple who became romantically involved at the previous wedding . Charles encounters Carrie again , but she introduces him to her fiancé , Sir Hamish Banks , a wealthy politician . At the reception , Charles finds himself seated with several ex-girlfriends who relate embarrassing stories about his inability to be discreet and afterwards bumps into Henrietta , known among Charles ' friends as `` Duckface '' , with whom he had a particularly difficult relationship . Charles retreats to an empty hotel suite , seeing Carrie and Hamish leave in a taxicab , only to be trapped in a cupboard after the newlyweds stumble into the room to have sex . After Charles awkwardly exits the room , Henrietta confronts him about his habit of `` serial monogamy '' , telling him he is afraid of letting anyone get too close to him . Charles then runs into Carrie , and they end up spending another night together . </P> <P> A month later , Charles receives an invitation to Carrie 's wedding . While shopping for a present , he coincidentally encounters Carrie and ends up helping her select her wedding dress . Carrie lists her more than thirty sexual partners . Charles later awkwardly tries confessing his love to her and hinting that he would like to have a relationship with her , to no avail . </P> <P> The third wedding is that of Carrie and Hamish . Charles attends , depressed at the prospect of Carrie marrying Hamish . At the reception , Gareth instructs his friends to seek potential mates ; Fiona 's brother , Tom , stumbles through an attempt to connect with a woman until she reveals that she is the minister 's wife , while Charles 's flatmate , Scarlett , strikes up a conversation with an American named Chester . As Charles watches Carrie and Hamish dance , Fiona deduces his feelings about Carrie . When Charles asks why Fiona is not married , she confesses that she has loved Charles since they first met years earlier . Charles is appreciative and empathetic but does not requite her love . During the groom 's toast , Gareth dies of a heart attack . </P> <P> At Gareth 's funeral , his partner Matthew recites the poem `` Funeral Blues '' by W.H. Auden , commemorating his relationship with Gareth . Charles and Tom discuss whether hoping to find your `` one true love '' is just a futile effort and ponder that , while their clique have always viewed themselves as proud to be single , Gareth and Matthew were a `` married '' couple all the while . </P> <P> The fourth wedding is ten months later . Charles has decided to marry Henrietta . However , shortly before the ceremony , Carrie arrives , revealing to Charles that she and Hamish are separated . Charles has a crisis of confidence , which he reveals to his deaf brother David and Matthew . During the ceremony , when the vicar asks whether anyone knows a reason why the couple should not marry , David , who was reading the vicar 's lips , asks Charles to translate for him , and says in sign language that he suspects the groom loves someone else . The vicar asks whether Charles does love someone else , and Charles replies , `` I do . '' Henrietta punches Charles and the wedding is halted . </P> <P> Carrie visits Charles to apologise for attending the wedding . Charles confesses that , while standing at the altar , he realised that for the first time in his life he totally and utterly loved one person , `` and it was n't the person standing next to me in the veil . '' Charles makes a proposal of lifelong commitment without marriage to Carrie , who accepts . </P> <P> Henrietta marries an officer in the Grenadier Guards ; David marries his girlfriend Serena ; Scarlett marries Chester ; Tom marries his distant cousin Deirdre ( whom he met , for the second time in 25 years , at Charles 's wedding ) ; Matthew finds a new partner ; Fiona marries Prince Charles ; and Charles and Carrie have a young son . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hugh Grant as Charles </Li> <Li> Andie MacDowell as Carrie </Li> <Li> James Fleet as Tom </Li> <Li> Simon Callow as Gareth </Li> <Li> John Hannah as Matthew </Li> <Li> Kristin Scott Thomas as Fiona </Li> <Li> David Bower as David </Li> <Li> Charlotte Coleman as Scarlett </Li> <Li> Timothy Walker as Angus </Li> <Li> Sara Crowe as Laura </Li> <Li> Rowan Atkinson as Father Gerald </Li> <Li> David Haig as Bernard </Li> <Li> Sophie Thompson as Lydia </Li> <Li> Corin Redgrave as Sir Hamish Banks </Li> <Li> Anna Chancellor as Henrietta </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was shot mainly in London and the Home Counties , including Hampstead , Islington where the final moments take place on Highbury Terrace , Greenwich Hospital , Betchworth in Surrey , Amersham in Buckinghamshire , St Bartholomew - the - Great ( wedding number four ) and West Thurrock in Essex . Exterior shots of guests arriving for the funeral were filmed in Thurrock , Essex overlooking the River Thames with the backdrop of the Dartford River Crossing and at stately homes in Bedfordshire ( Luton Hoo for wedding two 's reception ) and Hampshire . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> The original score was composed by British composer Richard Rodney Bennett . The movie also featured a soundtrack of popular songs , including a cover version of The Troggs ' `` Love Is All Around '' performed by Wet Wet Wet that remained at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart for fifteen weeks and was then the ninth ( now twelfth ) biggest selling single of all time in Britain . This song would later be adapted into `` Christmas Is All Around '' and sung by the character of Billy Mack in Richard Curtis ' 2003 film Love Actually , in which Grant also stars . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film was very well received with critics , currently holding a 95 % `` Certified Fresh '' approval on reviews aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , with the site 's consensus stating , `` While frothy to a fault , Four Weddings and a Funeral features irresistibly breezy humor , and winsome performances from Hugh Grant and Andie MacDowell . '' Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three - and - a-half stars out of four , calling it `` delightful and sly '' , and directed with `` light - hearted enchantment '' by Newell . He praised Grant 's performance , describing it as a kind of `` endearing awkwardness '' . </P> <P> The film had its detractors . Writing for the Chicago Reader , Jonathan Rosenbaum called the film `` generic '' and `` standard issue '' , stating that the audience should n't `` expect to remember it ten minutes later '' . Time magazine writer Richard Corliss was less scathing , but agreed that it was forgettable , saying that people would `` forget all about ( the movie ) by the time they leave the multiplex , '' even joking at the end of his review that he had forgotten the film 's name . The character of Carrie was voted one of the most annoying film characters of all time in a British online poll . </P> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film earned £ 27.8 million in the United Kingdom . Upon its North American limited release on 11 March 1994 , Four Weddings and a Funeral opened with $138,486 in five theatres . But upon its wide release on 15 April 1994 , the film topped the box office with $4,162,489 . The film would continue to gross $52.7 million in North America with an additional $193 million internationally , earning $245.7 million worldwide . </P> <H2> Accolades ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Wins ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> BAFTA Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Film </Li> <Li> Best Direction ( Mike Newell ) </Li> <Li> Best Actor ( Hugh Grant ) </Li> <Li> Best Supporting Actress ( Kristin Scott Thomas ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Australian Film Institute </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Foreign Film </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> British Comedy Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Comedy Film </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> César Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> César Award for Best Foreign Film </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Chicago Film Critics </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most Promising Actor ( Hugh Grant ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Evening Standard Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Actress ( Kristin Scott Thomas ) </Li> <Li> Best Screenplay ( Richard Curtis ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Golden Globe Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy ( Hugh Grant ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> London Film Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> British Film of the Year </Li> <Li> British Director of the Year ( Mike Newell ) </Li> <Li> British Producer of the Year ( Duncan Kenworthy ) </Li> <Li> British Screenwriter of the Year ( Richard Curtis ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Writers Guild of America Award </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Original Screenplay ( Richard Curtis ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Writers ' Guild of Great Britain </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Film -- Screenplay ( Richard Curtis ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Nominations ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> Academy Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Picture ( lost to Forrest Gump ) </Li> <Li> Best Original Screenplay -- Richard Curtis ( lost to Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary for Pulp Fiction ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> BAFTA Awards </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Best Film Music -- Richard Rodney Bennett ( lost to Backbeat ) </Li> <Li> Best Original Screenplay -- Richard Curtis ( lost to Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary for Pulp Fiction ) </Li> <Li> Best Supporting Actor -- Simon Callow ( lost to Samuel L. Jackson for Pulp Fiction ) </Li> <Li> Best Supporting Actor -- John Hannah ( lost to Samuel L. Jackson for Pulp Fiction ) </Li> <Li> Best Supporting Actress -- Charlotte Coleman ( lost to Kristin Scott Thomas for this

The role of Tom in the movie "Four Weddings and a Funeral" was played by

Who played tom in four weddings and a funeral?

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Ek Anek Aur Ekta - Wikipedia <H1> Ek Anek Aur Ekta </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ek Anek Aur Ekta </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Vijaya Mulay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Films Division of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Vijaya Mulay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Vasant Desai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Waman B. Bhosle and Guru Dutt Shirali ( Waman - Guru ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> National Centre for Education Technology ( NCERT ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 7 : 07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Hindi </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Ek Anek Aur Ekta or `` One , Many , and Unity '' ( also known as Ek Chidiya , Anek Chidiyan after the title song ) is a traditionally animated short educational film released by the Films Division of India ( Government of India ) . It was released in 1974 . It was aired on the public broadcaster channel Doordarshan and became very popular among children . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Summary </Li> <Li> 2 The team </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was intended to teach the value of unity and teamwork to children ( Unity in Diversity ) . It also contains the message of how India is stronger if its citizens stand united , regardless of cultural differences . It begins with a group of children playing in a garden with one of them asking his elder sister , `` Didi , yeh anek kya hota hai ? '' , or in English , `` Sis , what do you mean by Many ? '' . The rest of the film is the sister 's reply , using a metaphorical story of how a group of birds escape a bird catcher by uniting to recruit their friends , a group of mice . </P> <H2> The team ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was directed by Vijaya Mulay . The film 's design , animation and creation was done by Bhimsain Khurana . The lyrics of Hind Desh ke Niwasi were written by Pandit Vinay Chandra Maudgalya . Sadhna Sargam sang Ek Chidiya , Anek Chidiyan . The assistants were S.M. Hasan , Mahesh Taavre and Girish Rao . The film won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film. , and it was the first film from the animation studios of then Center for Education Technology . The film also won the Best Children 's Film award in Japan . The film is considered to be one of India 's greatest examples of animation story - telling , and well remembered by the 80s generation as a classic illustration of Anekta mein Ekta . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jubilee Year - Films Division celebrates six decades of telling the story of India '' . Indian Express . 23 December 2008 . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Narwekar , Sanjit ( 1994 ) . Directory of Indian film - makers and films . Trowbridge , Wiltshire , England : Flicks Books . p. 54 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 948911 - 40 - 8 . OCLC 30386224 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Abhimanyu Mishra . `` I wo n't mind singing an item number : unknown singer '' . The Times of India . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sharma , Bela Rani ( 1998 ) . Vijay Kaushik , ed . Women 's Rights and World Development . Encyclopaedia of human rights & women 's development . 5 . Sarup & Sons . p. 350 . ISBN 978 - 81 - 7625 - 015 - 3 . OCLC 70510934 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` National Film Awards '' . The Education quarterly . Ministry of Education and Social Welfare , Government of India . 27 : 34 . 1975 . ISSN 0013 - 1482 . OCLC 1567557 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Documentaries and Shorts '' . Climb Media . Retrieved 17 March 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tales Well Told '' . The Tribune . 13 February 2005 . Retrieved 17 March 2010 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ek Anek Aur Ekta on IMDb </Li> <Li> Ek Anek Aur Ekta on YouTube </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Indian animation industry </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable feature films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Banyan Deer ( 1957 ) </Li> <Li> Ek Anek Aur Ekta ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> Raja Chinna Roja ( 1989 ) </Li> <Li> Deepa & Rupa : A Fairy Tale from India ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Ramayana : The Legend of Prince Rama ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> O ' Faby ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> Pandavas : The Five Warriors ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Son of Aladdin ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Hanuman ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Bhagmati : The Queen of Fortune ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Kittu ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Bal Ganesh ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Inimey Nangathan ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Return of Hanuman ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> My Friend Ganesha ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> My Friend Ganesha 2 ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Cheenti Cheenti Bang Bang ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Ghatothkach ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Dashavatar ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Jumbo ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Roadside Romeo ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Bal Ganesh 2 ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> My Friend Ganesha 3 ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Lava Kusa : The Warrior Twins ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Ramayana : The Epic ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Toonpur Ka Super Hero ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Main Krishna Hoon ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Crackers ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Anaganaga O Dheerudu ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Super K -- The Movie ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Arjun -- The Warrior Prince ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Eega ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Delhi Safari ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Sons of Ram ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Krishna Aur Kans ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Mahabharat ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Once Upon a Time ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Chhota Bheem and the Throne of Bali ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Kochadaiiyaan ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Chaar Sahibzaade ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> True Love Story ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Alibaba Aur 41 Chor ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Chhota Bheem Himalayan Adventure ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Nagarahavu ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Chaar Sahibzaade : The Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Hanuman Da ' Damdaar ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Adventures of Tenali Raman </Li> <Li> Akbar Birbal </Li> <Li> Chamatkari Telephone </Li> <Li> Chhota Bheem </Li> <Li> Chorr Police </Li> <Li> Ghayab Aaya </Li> <Li> Kumbh Karan </Li> <Li> Little Krishna </Li> <Li> Motu Patlu </Li> <Li> Pakdam Pakdai </Li> <Li> Roll No 21 </Li> <Li> Vir The Robot Boy </Li> <Li> Shiva </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Children 's Film Society , India </Li> <Li> Crest Animation Studios </Li> <Li> Disney India </Li> <Li> Makuta Animation </Li> <Li> Pentamedia Graphics </Li> <Li> Tata Elxsi </Li> <Li> Toonz India Ltd </Li> <Li> Trace VFX </Li> <Li> Turner International India </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key people </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nikhil Advani </Li> <Li> Suddhasattwa Basu </Li> <Li> Rajiv Chilaka </Li> <Li> Jugal Hansraj </Li> <Li> Karan Johar </Li> <Li> Ram Mohan </Li> <Li> Vijaya Mulay </Li> <Li> S.P. Muthuraman </Li> <Li> S.S. Rajamouli </Li> <Li> Soundarya Rajinikanth </Li> <Li> Gitanjali Rao </Li> <Li> Kodi Ramakrishna </Li> <Li> Singeetam Srinivasa Rao </Li> <Li> Binu Sasidharan </Li> <Li> Pankaj Sharma </Li> <Li> Manick Sorcar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> National Film Award for Best Animated Film </Li> <Li> National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Schools , colleges and institutes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arena Animation </Li> <Li> DSK International Campus </Li> <Li> Frameboxx Animation & Visual Effects </Li> <Li> Image College of Arts , Animation & Technology </Li> <Li> Industrial Design Centre </Li> <Li> National Institute of Design </Li> <Li> National Institute of Design , Gandhinagar </Li> <Li> University Institute of Animation & Multimedia , Chandigarh University </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ek_Anek_Aur_Ekta&oldid=815577782 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Hindi - language films </Li> <Li> 1974 films </Li> <Li> Indian films </Li> <Li> Indian documentary films </Li> <Li> 1970s animated short films </Li> <Li> Indian animated short films </Li> <Li> 1970s Hindi - language films </Li> <Li> 1974 animated films </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from October 2010 </Li> <Li> Use Indian English from December 2013 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from December 2013 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Français </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 15 December 2017 , at 18 : 11 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The iconic animated short educational film "Ek Anek Aur Ekta" was directed by

Who directed the iconic animated short educational film ek anek aur ekta?

-544805225908484128

Greenland - wikipedia <H1> Greenland </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Greenland ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat ( Greenlandic ) Grønland ( Danish ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Flag Coat of arms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anthem : Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit You Our Ancient Land Nuna asiilasooq The Land of Great Length </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of Greenland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Capital and largest city </Th> <Td> Nuuk 64 ° 10 ′ N 51 ° 44 ′ W  /  64.167 ° N 51.733 ° W  / 64.167 ; - 51.733 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official languages </Th> <Td> Greenlandic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other languages </Th> <Td> Danish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ethnic groups </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 88 % Greenlandic Inuit ( and European mixed ) </Li> <Li> 12 % Danes and other Europeans </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Religion </Th> <Td> Church of Denmark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Demonym </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greenlander </Li> <Li> Greenlandic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sovereign state </Th> <Td> Kingdom of Denmark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Government </Th> <Td> Devolved government within parliamentary constitutional monarchy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Monarch </Th> <Td> Margrethe II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> High Commissioner </Th> <Td> Mikaela Engell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prime Minister </Th> <Td> Kim Kielsen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speaker of the Inatsisartut </Th> <Td> Lars Emil Johansen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Legislature </Th> <Td> Inatsisartut </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norse colonization </Th> <Td> 11th century </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Unified with Norway </Th> <Td> 1262 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Contact re-established ( Dano - Norwegian colonies ) </Th> <Td> 1721 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ceded to Denmark </Th> <Td> 14 January 1814 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Amt status </Th> <Td> 5 June 1953 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home rule </Th> <Td> 1 May 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Further autonomy and self rule </Th> <Td> 21 June 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 2,166,086 km ( 836,330 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water ( % ) </Th> <Td> 83.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Estimate </Th> <Td> 56,483 ( 14 September 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density </Th> <Td> 0.028 / km ( 0.1 / sq mi ) ( last ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP ( PPP ) </Th> <Td> 2011 estimate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 11.6 billion kr. ( $1.8 billion ) ( n / a ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Per capita </Th> <Td> $37,000 ( n / a ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> HDI ( 2010 ) </Th> <Td> 0.786 high 61st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Currency </Th> <Td> Danish krone ( DKK ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time zone </Th> <Td> ( UTC + 0 to − 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date format </Th> <Td> dd - mm - yyyy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Drives on the </Th> <Td> right </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Calling code </Th> <Td> + 299 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISO 3166 code </Th> <Td> GL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Internet TLD </Th> <Td> . gl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> ^ Greenlandic has been the sole official language of Greenland since 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Danish influence reached Greenland in 1380 with the reign of Olav IV in Norway , son of Haakon VI of Norway and Margaret I of Denmark . </Li> <Li> ^ Although previously under Danish monarchy for four hundred years , Greenland , the Faroe Islands , and Iceland were formally Norwegian possessions until 1814 . </Li> <Li> ^ As of 2000 : 410,449 km ( 158,475 sq mi ) ice - free ; 1,755,637 km ( 677,855 sq mi ) ice - covered . Density : 0.14 / km ( 0.36 / sq. mi ) for ice - free areas . </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Greenland ( / ˈɡriːnlənd / ; Greenlandic : Kalaallit Nunaat , pronounced ( kalaːɬit nunaːt ) ; Danish : Grønland , pronounced ( ˈɡʁɶnˌlanˀ ) ) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe ( specifically Norway and Denmark , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland ) for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island . </P> <P> Greenland is the world 's largest island ( Australia , although larger , is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island ) . Three - quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica . With a population of about 56,480 ( 2013 ) , it is the least densely populated country in the world . About a third of the population live in Nuuk , the capital and largest city . The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland , connecting the various cities and settlements . </P> <P> Greenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada . Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century , and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century . The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century . Soon after their demise , beginning in 1499 , the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island , naming it Terra do Lavrador ( later applied to Labrador in Canada ) . In the early 18th century , Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again . To strengthen trading and power , Denmark - Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island . </P> <P> Denmark -- Norway claimed Greenland for centuries . Greenland was settled by Vikings ( of Norwegian origin ) more than a thousand years ago , who had previously settled Iceland to escape persecution from the King of Norway and his central government . Vikings set sail from Greenland and Iceland , with Leif Erikson becoming the first known European to reach North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands . They attempted to colonize land . Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians , Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262 . The Kingdom of Norway was extensive and a military power until the mid-14th century . Norway was dramatically hit with a larger death toll than Denmark by the Black Death , forcing Norway to accept a union in which the central government , university and other fundamental institutions were located in Copenhagen . Thus , the two kingdoms ' resources were directed at creating Copenhagen . Norway became the weaker part and lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved . Greenland became a Danish colony in 1814 , and was made a part of the Danish Realm in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark . </P> <P> In 1973 , Greenland joined the European Economic Community with Denmark . However , in a referendum in 1982 , a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC which was effected in 1985 . Greenland contains the world 's largest and most northernly national park , Northeast Greenland National Park ( Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq ) . Established in 1974 and expanded to its present size in 1988 , it protects 972,001 square kilometres ( 375,292 sq mi ) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty - nine countries in the world . Greenland is divided into four municipalities -- Sermersooq , Kujalleq , Qaasuitsup , and Qeqqata . </P> <P> In 1979 , Denmark had granted home rule to Greenland , and in 2008 , Greenlanders voted in favour of the Self - Government Act , which transferred more power from the Danish government to the local Greenlandic government . Under the new structure , in effect since 21 June 2009 , Greenland can gradually assume responsibility for policing , judicial system , company law , accounting , and auditing ; mineral resource activities ; aviation ; law of legal capacity , family law and succession law ; aliens and border controls ; the working environment ; and financial regulation and supervision , while the Danish government retains control of foreign affairs and defence . It also retains control of monetary policy , providing an initial annual subsidy of DKK 3.4 billion , which is planned to diminish gradually over time . Greenland expects to grow its economy based on increased income from the extraction of natural resources . The capital , Nuuk , held the 2016 Arctic Winter Games . At 70 % , Greenland has one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the world , mostly coming from hydropower . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Early Paleo - Eskimo cultures </Li> <Li> 2.2 Norse settlement </Li> <Li> 2.3 The Thule Culture ( 1300 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 2.4 1500 -- 1814 </Li> <Li> 2.5 Treaty of Kiel to World War II </Li> <Li> 2.6 Home rule and self - rule </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Geography and climate <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Postglacial glacier advances on the peninsula Nugssuaq in West - Greenland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Biodiversity </Li> <Li> 5 Politics <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Political system </Li> <Li> 5.2 Government </Li> <Li> 5.3 Administrative divisions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Economy <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Economics and business </Li> <Li> 6.2 Transportation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Population <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Demographics </Li> <Li> 7.2 Languages </Li> <Li> 7.3 Religion </Li> <Li> 7.4 Social issues </Li> <Li> 7.5 Education </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Culture <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Sports </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11.3 Works cited </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 External links <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Overviews and data </Li> <Li> 12.2 Government </Li> <Li> 12.3 Maps </Li> <Li> 12.4 News and media </Li> <Li> 12.5 Trade </Li> <Li> 12.6 Travel </Li> <Li> 12.7 Other </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The early Viking settlers named the island as Greenland . In the Icelandic sagas , the Norwegian - born Icelander Erik the Red was said to be exiled from Iceland for manslaughter . Along with his extended family and his thralls , he set out in ships to explore an icy land known to lie to the northwest . After finding a habitable area and settling there , he named it Grœnland ( translated as `` Greenland '' ) , supposedly in the hope that the pleasant name would attract settlers . </P> <P> The name of the country in Greenlandic ( Kalaallisut ) is Kalaallit Nunaat ( `` land of the Kalaallit '' ) . The Kalaallit are the indigenous Greenlandic Inuit people who inhabit the country 's western region . </P> Maps showing the different cultures in Greenland , Labrador , Newfoundland and the Canadian arctic islands in the years 900 , 1100 , 1300 and 1500 . Green : Dorset Culture ; blue : Thule Culture ; red : Norse Culture ; yellow : Innu ; orange : Beothuk . <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of Greenland <H3> Early Paleo - Eskimo cultures ( edit ) </H3> <P> In prehistoric times , Greenland was home to several successive Paleo - Eskimo cultures known today primarily through archaeological finds . The earliest entry of the Paleo - Eskimo into Greenland is thought to have occurred about 2500 BC . From around 2500

Greenland is

Is greenland part of europe or north america?

-1150711618568856175

Jackknifing - wikipedia <H1> Jackknifing </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about vehicle accidents . For the statistics procedure , see Jackknife ( statistics ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2007 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> How a truck jackknifes <P> Jackknifing refers to the folding of an articulated vehicle i.e. one towing a trailer , such that it resembles the acute angle of a folding pocket knife . If a vehicle towing a trailer skids , the trailer can push the towing vehicle from behind until it spins the vehicle around and faces backwards . This may be caused by equipment failure , improper braking , or adverse road conditions such as an icy road surface . In extreme circumstances , a driver may attempt to jackknife the vehicle deliberately in order to halt it following brake failure . A jackknife event of a heavy vehicle can be fatal to the driver as the top of the cab can be crushed or sliced off as it swings round violently and tries to fold under the trailer . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Trailer swing </Li> <Li> 2 Anti-jackknife devices </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Trailer swing ( edit ) </H2> <P> When a trailer skids to one side , this is known as a trailer swing or trailer slew . This could happen on a slippery road surface , often where there is a cant . This is not the same as `` jackknifing '' and is not as serious since the trailer moves back into line as the vehicle continues forwards . The driver must be aware , however , that the trailer could slide up against parked cars or a guard rail , or the wheels could slide into a ditch . This situation can occur especially when the trailer is empty or lightly loaded , and weather conditions cause violent gusts of crosswind . </P> <H2> Anti-jackknife devices ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose . You can help by converting this article to prose , if appropriate . Editing help is available . ( June 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> One system with limited success was a device that mechanically limited the angle which a trailer could swing . </Li> <Li> A much more successful system was to fit the tractor with anti-lock brakes . Fitted originally to airplanes in the 1950s , anti-lock brakes have significantly reduced the number of heavy vehicle accidents . </Li> <Li> Electronic brakeforce distribution varies the pressure to the rear brakes during heavy load or hard braking , enhancing driver control . </Li> <Li> Tractors used to be fitted with a lever in the cab to operate the trailer brakes . The vehicle could be slowed down or stopped using the trailer brakes only . Theoretically this was a sure way to prevent jackknifing , but this lever was often the cause of jackknifing in a roundabout way . Frequent use of the trailer brakes alone caused them to overheat and fade while the tractor brakes remained fresh . In the event of an emergency stop , the driver would go straight for the foot brake and the truck would surely jackknife because the tractor brakes would lock while the trailer brakes would be ineffective due to previous overheating . </Li> <Li> An alternative to having a trailer brake lever in the cab is to fit the trailer with an electromagnetic brake . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Aquaplaning </Li> <Li> Black ice </Li> <Li> Fishtailing </Li> <Li> Underride guard </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Trucks portal </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jackknifing accident types '' . Retrieved 13 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brake Pressure Regulator - Patent 3762776 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Traffic collisions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Epidemiology </Li> <Li> Bus plunge </Li> <Li> Hit and run </Li> <Li> Park - to - reverse </Li> <Li> Roadside memorial </Li> <Li> Rollover </Li> <Li> Vehicle extrication </Li> <Li> Vehicle recovery </Li> <Li> Traffic collision reconstruction </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Road collisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Back - up collision </Li> <Li> Deer -- vehicle collisions </Li> <Li> Head - on collision </Li> <Li> Jackknifing </Li> <Li> Multiple - vehicle collision </Li> <Li> Rear - end collision </Li> <Li> Run - off - road collision </Li> <Li> Side collision </Li> <Li> Single - vehicle crash </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Causes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Distracted driving </Li> <Li> Impaired driving </Li> <Li> Road rage </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lists of traffic collisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Before 2000 </Li> <Li> 2000 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related lists </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of bridge failures </Li> <Li> List of level crossing crashes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> Template : Automotive handling </Li> <Li> Template : Traffic law </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackknifing&oldid=793240415 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Trucks </Li> <Li> Road accidents and incidents </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from April 2007 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017 </Li> <Li> Articles needing cleanup from June 2014 </Li> <Li> All pages needing cleanup </Li> <Li> Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from June 2014 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 31 July 2017 , at 14 : 33 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

An articulated lorry is most likely to jackknife

When is an articulated lorry most likely to jackknife?

-3360353900476007083

If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me - wikipedia <H1> If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1979 single cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Bellamy Brothers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Two and Only </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Make Me Over '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1978 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country , country pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. / Curb 8790 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> David Bellamy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Lloyd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Bellamy Brothers singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Lovin ' On '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` You Ai n't Just Whistlin ' Dixie '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Lovin ' On '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` You Ai n't Just Whistlin ' Dixie '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' is a song written by David Bellamy , and recorded by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers . It was released in March 1979 as the second single from the album The Two and Only . The song became their first number 1 hit on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart and their second number one overall , after their 1976 pop hit `` Let Your Love Flow '' . The title as shown on the original single was `` If I Said You Have a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' , but on the album and subsequent releases , the title is shown as `` ... Had ... '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Story </Li> <Li> 2 Re-recording </Li> <Li> 3 Britney Spears controversy </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Story ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body ... '' derived its double entendre title from a Groucho Marx line . Songwriter David Bellamy told country music journalist Tom Roland that he regularly watched Marx 's program , You Bet Your Life , where Marx sometimes used the quote while interviewing an attractive female contestant , then shake his cigar and raise his eyebrows to elicit a reaction . The comment stuck in Bellamy 's head as a possible hook line for a song . </P> <P> The song earned its first success in Northern Ireland before becoming a hit in the United States . The song was also a minor hit on Top 40 stations , peaking at No. 39 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> In a 2003 issue , Country Weekly magazine named it the number 1 country pick - up line of all time . </P> <H2> Re-recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> On their 2005 album Angels & Outlaws , Vol. 1 , The Bellamy Brothers re-recorded this song with Dolly Parton . This rendition peaked at number 60 on the country charts , giving the Bellamy Brothers their first chart entry since `` Not '' in 1994 . </P> <H2> Britney Spears controversy ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 2011 , the Brothers criticized pop singer Britney Spears 's song `` Hold It Against Me '' for sounding similar to `` If I Said You Had A Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' . In a statement , David Bellamy said `` professionally , well , in all honesty , we feel completely ripped off . Where 's the originality ? '' The Bellamy Brothers ' attorney Christopher E. Schmidt stated that `` ( it ) becomes somewhat uncanny if you simply double the beat of the Bellamy Brothers ' song and match it up with Britney 's version '' and pointed out that it was not the first time that songwriters Max Martin and Lukasz `` Dr. Luke '' Gottwald were accused of copyright infringement . On March 2 , 2011 , Max Martin , Dr. Luke , Bonnie McKee , and Mathieu `` Billboard '' Jomphe , all of whom wrote `` Hold It Against Me '' , filed a lawsuit against the Bellamy Brothers for defamation and libel because of the accusations , but the Brothers apologized and the case was dismissed on August 11 , 2011 . The Brothers released a statement that said , `` The Bellamy Brothers apologise to Dr. Luke and Max Martin for the Bellamys ' public statements and any false impressions suggested by the statements on their website that Dr. Luke and Max Martin copy the works of others . '' </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1979 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian RPM Country Tracks </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Top 40 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Do n't Take It Away '' by Conway Twitty </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles number - one single May 19 -- June 2 , 1979 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` She Believes in Me '' by Kenny Rogers </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Billboard Book of Number One Country Hits '' ( Billboard Books , Watson - Guptill Publications , New York , 1991 ( ISBN 0 - 82 - 307553 - 2 ) ) , p. 233 - 234 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roland . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bellamy brothers are coming ... so do n't hold that song against them </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Staff , The Salt Lake Tribune ( January 11 , 2011 ) . `` Is Britney Spears ripping off the Bellamy Brothers with new single ? '' . The Salt Lake Tribune . MediaNews Group . Retrieved July 9 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Staff , The Salt Lake Tribune ( February 22 , 2011 ) . `` Bellamy Brothers still considering legal action against Britney Spears '' . The Salt Lake Tribune . MediaNews Group . Retrieved July 9 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christman , Ed ( March 4 , 2011 ) . `` Britney Spears ' ' HIAM ' : Do Bellamy Brothers Have an Infringement Case ? '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved July 9 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Staff , Contactmusic ( September 4 , 2011 ) . `` Luke - Defamation Lawsuit Over Spears Single Dropped '' . Contactmusic.com . Retrieved September 4 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Bellamy Brothers Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Bellamy Brothers Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Whitburn , Joel , `` Top Country Songs : 1944 - 2005 , '' 2006 . </Li> <Li> Allmusic -- If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body ( Would You Hold It Against Me ) by the Bellamy Brothers . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Bellamy Brothers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> David Bellamy </Li> <Li> Howard Bellamy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Two and Only </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Let Your Love Flow '' </Li> <Li> `` Bird Dog '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me '' </Li> <Li> `` You Ai n't Just Whistlin ' Dixie '' </Li> <Li> `` Sugar Daddy '' </Li> <Li> `` Dancin ' Cowboys '' </Li> <Li> `` Lovers Live Longer '' </Li> <Li> `` Do You Love as Good as You Look '' </Li> <Li> `` You 're My Favorite Star '' </Li> <Li> `` For All the Wrong Reasons '' </Li> <Li> `` Get into Reggae Cowboy '' </Li> <Li> `` Redneck Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` When I 'm Away from You '' </Li> <Li> `` I Love Her Mind '' </Li> <Li> `` Strong Weakness '' </Li> <Li> `` Forget About Me '' </Li> <Li> `` World 's Greatest Lover '' </Li> <Li> `` I Need More of You '' </Li> <Li> `` Old Hippie '' </Li> <Li> `` Lie to You for Your Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Feelin ' the Feelin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Too Much Is Not Enough '' ( with The Forester Sisters ) </Li> <Li> `` Kids of the Baby Boom '' </Li> <Li> `` Crazy from the Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Santa Fe '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Give You All My Love Tonight '' </Li> <Li> `` Rebels Without a Clue '' </Li> <Li> `` Big Love '' </Li> <Li> `` You 'll Never Be Sorry '' </Li> <Li> `` The Center of My Universe '' </Li> <Li> `` I Could Be Persuaded '' </Li> <Li> `` Cowboy Beat '' </Li> <Li> `` Some Broken Hearts Never Mend '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Guest singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Drive South '' ( with The Forester Sisters ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=If_I_Said_You_Had_a_Beautiful_Body_Would_You_Hold_It_Against_Me&oldid=824617347 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1979 singles </Li> <Li> Billboard Hot Country Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> 1979 songs </Li> <Li> The Bellamy Brothers songs </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Records singles </Li> <Li> Curb Records singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by David Bellamy ( singer ) </Li> <Li> Songs about sexuality </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 February 2018 , at 13 : 13 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The song "If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me" was sung by

Who sang if you had a beautiful body would you hold it against me?

2377437532445574435

Jelly Bean - wikipedia <H1> Jelly Bean </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Jelly bean ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Jelly Bean <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Jelly bean ( Jelly Belly brand ) flavor and color assortment . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alternative names </Th> <Td> Jelly Belly Beans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Confectionery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William Schrafft </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main ingredients </Th> <Td> Sugar , corn syrup , starch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cookbook : Jelly Bean Media : Jelly Bean </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jelly beans are small bean - shaped sugar candies with soft candy shells and thick gel interiors . The confection is vended in a wide variety of colors and flavors , and is made primarily of sugar . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Manufacture </Li> <Li> 3 Slang </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( Edit ) </H2> <P> It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861 , when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War . It was not until July 5 , 1905 , that jelly beans were mentioned in the Chicago Daily News . The advertisement publicized bulk jelly beans sold by volume for nine cents per pound , according to the book The Century in Food : America 's Fads and Favorites . Most historians contend that jelly beans were first associated with celebrations of Easter in the United States sometime during the 1930s due to their egg - like shape . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Manufacture ( Edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( April 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The basic ingredients of jelly beans include sugar , tapioca or corn syrup , and pectin or starch . Relatively minor amounts of the emulsifying agent lecithin , anti-foaming agents , an edible wax such as carnauba wax or beeswax , salt , and confectioner 's glaze are also included . The ingredients that give each bean its character are also relatively small in proportion and may vary depending on the flavor . </P> <P> Most jelly beans are sold as an assortment of about eight different flavors , most of them fruit - based . Assortments of `` spiced '' jellybeans and gumdrops are also available , which include a similar number of spice and mint flavors . The colors of jelly beans often correspond with a fruit and a `` spiced '' flavor . </P> <P> Some premium brands , such as Jelly Belly and The Jelly Bean Factory , are available in many different flavors , including berry , tropical fruit , soft drink , popcorn , licorice , and novelty ranges , in addition to the familiar fruit and spice flavors . While these are also sold as assortments , individual flavors can be purchased from distributors . </P> <H2> Slang ( Edit ) </H2> 1920 sheet music cover . <P> In United States slang during the 1910s and early 1920s , a `` Jellybean '' or `` Jelly - Bean '' was a young man who dressed stylishly but had little else to recommend him , similar to the older terms dandy and fop . F. Scott Fitzgerald published a story about such a character , The Jelly - Bean , during 1920 . In William Faulkner 's 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury , Jason complained about his niece Quentin 's promiscuity , remarking that even `` the town jellybeans '' gave her the `` go - by '' . </P> <P> The song `` Jelly Bean ( He 's a Curbstone Cutie ) '' was made popular during the 1940s by Phil Harris . It was written by Jimmie Dupre , Sam Rosen , and Joe Verges and published in New Orleans during 1920 by Universal Music Publishers , Inc . </P> <H2> References ( Edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jelly Beans : A Colorful History and Association with Easter '' . AT&T . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How Products are Made -- Volumes -- Jelly Beans '' . Gale - Edit . Archived from the original on 2010 - 05 - 16 . Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Francis Scott Fitzgerald , Matthew Joseph Bruccoli , Judith Baughman , `` The Jelly - Bean '' , Before Gatsby : the first twenty - six stories , p. 341 CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( Edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Media related to Jelly beans at Wikimedia Commons </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jelly_bean&oldid=838068350 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> American inventions </Li> <Li> Confectionery </Li> <Li> Easter food </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list </Li> <Li> Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages </Li> <Li> Articles that may contain original research from April 2013 </Li> <Li> All articles that may contain original research </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Tagalog </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> ไทย </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> 粵語 </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 8 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 April 2018 , at 18 : 36 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Jelly beans became associated with Easter in the

When did jelly beans became associated with easter?

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Nagendra Narayan Choudhury </Td> <Td> Sibsagar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 1933 </Td> <Td> Jnanadabhiram Barua </Td> <Td> North Lakhimpur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> Ananda Chandra Agarwala </Td> <Td> Mangaldoi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> Raghunath Choudhari </Td> <Td> Tezpur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> Krishna Kanta Handique </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> Moidul Islam Bora </Td> <Td> Jorhat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> Nilmani Phukan </Td> <Td> Sibsagar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> Nilmani Phukan </Td> <Td> Dibrugarh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> Ambikagiri Raichoudhury </Td> <Td> Margherita </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> Surya Kumar Bhuyan </Td> <Td> Shillong </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> Nalini Bala Devi </Td> <Td> Jorhat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> Jatindra Nath Duwora </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> Benudhar Sarma </Td> <Td> Dhuburi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Padmadhar Chaliha </Td> <Td> Tinisukia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Atul Chandra Hazarika </Td> <Td> Nagaon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> Trailokya Nath Goswami </Td> <Td> Palashbari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Trailokya Nath Goswami </Td> <Td> Goalpara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> Ratnakanta Borkakati </Td> <Td> Nazira </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> Mitradev Mahanta </Td> <Td> Digboi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Dimbeswar Neog </Td> <Td> Nalbari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Binanda Chandra Barua </Td> <Td> North Lakhimpur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Nakul Chandra Bhuyan </Td> <Td> Dibrugarh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Jnanath Bora </Td> <Td> Tezpur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Ananda Chandra Barua </Td> <Td> Barpeta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Upendra Chandra Lekharu </Td> <Td> Dhing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Tirtha Nath Sarma </Td> <Td> Makum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Hem Barua </Td> <Td> Dhuburi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Giridhar Sarma </Td> <Td> Rangia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Maheshwar Neog </Td> <Td> Mangaldoi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Satyendranath Sarma </Td> <Td> Titabor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Jagheshwar Sarma </Td> <Td> Tihu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Syed Abdul Malik </Td> <Td> Abhayapuri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Prasannalal Choudhury </Td> <Td> Golaghat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Atul Chandra Barua </Td> <Td> Sualkuchi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Jatindra Nath Goswami </Td> <Td> Roha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Sitanath Brahmachoudhury </Td> <Td> Tinisukia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Sitanath Brahmachoudhury </Td> <Td> Diphu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya </Td> <Td> Bongaigaon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Jogesh Das </Td> <Td> Bihpuria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Biren Borkotoki </Td> <Td> Kampur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mahendra Bora </Td> <Td> Pathsala </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kirthi Nath Hazarika </Td> <Td> Hailakandi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mahim Bora </Td> <Td> Doomdooma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nabakanta Barua </Td> <Td> Biswanath Chariali </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi </Td> <Td> Dudhnoi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lakshyadhar Choudhury </Td> <Td> Goreshwar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bhupen Hazarika </Td> <Td> Sibsagar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lila Gogoi </Td> <Td> Morigaon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Hitesh Deka </Td> <Td> Sarthebari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lakshmi Nandan Bora </Td> <Td> Bokakhat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nagen Saikia </Td> <Td> Bilasipara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Nagen Saikia </Td> <Td> Howraghat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Chandra Prasad Saikia </Td> <Td> Hajo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Chandra Prasad Saikia </Td> <Td> Jorhat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Homen Borgohain </Td> <Td> Dibrugarh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Homen Borgohain </Td> <Td> Kalgachia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Birendra Nath Datta </Td> <Td> North Lakhimpur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Birendra Nath Datta </Td> <Td> Hojai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Kanak Sen Deka </Td> <Td> Sipajhar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Kanak Sen Deka </Td> <Td> Belsar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 73 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Kanak Sen Deka </Td> <Td> Chapar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Rongbong Terang </Td> <Td> Dhemaji </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rongbong Terang </Td> <Td> Dergaon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Imran Shah </Td> <Td> Barpeta Road </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Imran Shah </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Dhrubajyoti Bora </Td> <Td> Kaliabor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Dhrubajyoti Bora </Td> <Td> Kaliabor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Dhrubajyoti Bora </Td> <Td> Kaliabor </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Axom Xahitya Xabha ( The Literary Society of Assam ) Assam Portal '' . Assam.org . Retrieved 2013 - 04 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` List of Asam Sahitya Sabha presidents '' . Retrieved December 7 , 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Asom Sahitya Sabha Presidents . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Asam_Sahitya_Sabha_presidents&oldid=837725778 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Assam - related lists </Li> <Li> Lists of organisations based in India </Li> <Li> Asom Sahitya Sabha Presidents </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing Assamese - language text </Li> <Li> Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> বাংলা </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 22 April 2018 , at 17 : 07 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The present president of Assam Sahitya Sabha is

Who is the present president of assam sahitya sabha?

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metabolic price they must pay . That means that iron - deprived bacteria reproduce more slowly . So our control of iron levels appears to be an important defense against most bacterial infections ; there are some exceptions however . TB causing bacterium can reside within macrophages which are an iron rich environment and Borrelia burgdorferi utilises manganese in place of iron . People with increased amounts of iron , like people with hemochromatosis , are more susceptible to some bacterial infection . </P> <P> Although this mechanism is an elegant response to short - term bacterial infection , it can cause problems when inflammation goes on for longer . Since the liver produces hepcidin in response to inflammatory cytokines , hepcidin levels can increase as the result of non-bacterial sources of inflammation , like viral infection , cancer , auto - immune diseases or other chronic diseases . When this occurs , the sequestration of iron appears to be the major cause of the syndrome of anemia of chronic disease , in which not enough iron is available to produce enough hemoglobin - containing red blood cells . </P> <H2> Body iron stores ( edit ) </H2> Illustration of blood cell production in the bone marrow . In iron deficiency , the bone marrow produces fewer blood cells , and as the deficiency gets worse , the cells become smaller . <P> Most well - nourished people in industrialized countries have 4 to 5 grams of iron in their bodies ( ∼ 38 mg iron / kg body weight for women and ∼ 50 mg iron / kg body for men ) . Of this , about 6997250000000000000 ♠ 2.5 g is contained in the hemoglobin needed to carry oxygen through the blood , and most of the rest ( approximately 2 grams in adult men , and somewhat less in women of childbearing age ) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells , but most common in bone marrow , liver , and spleen . The liver 's stores of ferritin are the primary physiologic source of reserve iron in the body . The reserves of iron in industrialized countries tend to be lower in children and women of child - bearing age than in men and in the elderly . Women who must use their stores to compensate for iron lost through menstruation , pregnancy or lactation have lower non-hemoglobin body stores , which may consist of 6996500000000000000 ♠ 500 mg , or even less . </P> <P> Of the body 's total iron content , about 6996399999999999999 ♠ 400 mg is devoted to cellular proteins that use iron for important cellular processes like storing oxygen ( myoglobin ) or performing energy - producing redox reactions ( cytochromes ) . A relatively small amount ( 3 -- 4 mg ) circulates through the plasma , bound to transferrin . Because of its toxicity , free soluble iron is kept in low concentration in the body . </P> <P> Iron deficiency first affects the storage iron in the body , and depletion of these stores is thought to be relatively non-symptomatic , although some vague and non-specific symptoms have been associated with it . Since iron is primarily required for hemoglobin , iron deficiency anemia is the primary clinical manifestation of iron deficiency . Iron - deficient people will suffer or die from organ damage well before cells run out of the iron needed for intracellular processes like electron transport . </P> <P> Macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system store iron as part of the process of breaking down and processing hemoglobin from engulfed red blood cells . Iron is also stored as a pigment called hemosiderin which is an ill - defined deposit of protein and iron , created by macrophages where excess iron is present , either locally or systemically for example among people with iron overload due to frequent blood cell destruction and transfusions . If the systemic iron overload is corrected , over time the hemosiderin is slowly resorbed by macrophages . </P> <H2> Mechanisms of iron regulation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Human iron homeostasis is regulated at two different levels . Systemic iron levels are balanced by the controlled absorption of dietary iron by enterocytes , the cells that line the interior of the intestines , and the uncontrolled loss of iron from epithelial sloughing , sweat , injuries and blood loss . In addition , systemic iron is continuously recycled . Cellular iron levels are controlled differently by different cell types due to the expression of particular iron regulatory and transport proteins . </P> <H3> Systemic iron regulation ( edit ) </H3> Humans use 6995199999999999999 ♠ 20 mg of iron each day for the production of new red blood cells , much of which is recycled from old red blood cells . Dietary iron uptake ( edit ) <P> The absorption of dietary iron is a variable and dynamic process . The amount of iron absorbed compared to the amount ingested is typically low , but may range from 5 % to as much as 35 % depending on circumstances and type of iron . The efficiency with which iron is absorbed varies depending on the source . Generally the best - absorbed forms of iron come from animal products . Absorption of dietary iron in iron salt form ( as in most supplements ) varies somewhat according to the body 's need for iron , and is usually between 10 % and 20 % of iron intake . Absorption of iron from animal products , and some plant products , is in the form of heme iron , and is more efficient , allowing absorption of from 15 % to 35 % of intake . Heme iron in animals is from blood and heme - containing proteins in meat and mitochondria , whereas in plants , heme iron is present in mitochondria in all cells that use oxygen for respiration . </P> <P> Like most mineral nutrients , the majority of the iron absorbed from digested food or supplements is absorbed in the duodenum by enterocytes of the duodenal lining . These cells have special molecules that allow them to move iron into the body . To be absorbed , dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe form . A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes ' brush border , duodenal cytochrome B ( Dcytb ) , reduces ferric Fe to Fe . A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 ( DMT1 ) , which can transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane , then transports iron across the enterocyte 's cell membrane into the cell . </P> <P> These intestinal lining cells can then either store the iron as ferritin , which is accomplished by Fe binding to apoferritin ( in which case the iron will leave the body when the cell dies and is sloughed off into feces ) , or the cell can release it into the body via the only known iron exporter in mammals , ferroportin . Hephaestin , a ferroxidase that can oxidize Fe to Fe and is found mainly in the small intestine , helps ferroportin transfer iron across the basolateral end of the intestine cells . In contrast , ferroportin is post-translationally repressed by hepcidin , a 25 - amino acid peptide hormone . The body regulates iron levels by regulating each of these steps . For instance , enterocytes synthesize more Dcytb , DMT1 and ferroportin in response to iron deficiency anemia . Iron absorption from diet is enhanced in the presence of vitamin C and diminished by excess calcium , zinc , or manganese . </P> <P> The human body 's rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors , including total iron stores , the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells , the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood , and the oxygen content of the blood . The body also absorbs less iron during times of inflammation , in order to deprive bacteria of iron . Recent discoveries demonstrate that hepcidin regulation of ferroportin is responsible for the syndrome of anemia of chronic disease . </P> Iron recycling and loss ( edit ) <P> Most of the iron in the body is hoarded and recycled by the reticuloendothelial system , which breaks down aged red blood cells . In contrast to iron uptake and recycling , there is no physiologic regulatory mechanism for excreting iron . People lose a small but steady amount by gastrointestinal blood loss , sweating and by shedding cells of the skin and the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract . The total amount of loss for healthy people in the developed world amounts to an estimated average of 6994100000000000000 ♠ 1 mg a day for men , and 1.5 -- 2 mg a day for women with regular menstrual periods . People with gastrointestinal parasitic infections , more commonly found in developing countries , often lose more . Those who can not regulate absorption well enough get disorders of iron overload . In these diseases , the toxicity of iron starts overwhelming the body 's ability to bind and store it . </P> <H3> Cellular iron regulation ( edit ) </H3> Iron import ( edit ) <P> Most cell types take up iron primarily through receptor - mediated endocytosis via transferrin receptor 1 ( TFR1 ) , transferrin receptor 2 ( TFR2 ) and GAPDH . TFR1 has a 30-fold higher affinity for transferrin - bound iron than TFR2 and thus is the main player in this process . The higher order multifunctional glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) also acts as a transferrin receptor . Transferrin - bound ferric iron is recognized by these transferrin receptors , triggering a conformational change that causes endocytosis . Iron then enters the cytoplasm from the endosome via importer DMT1 after being reduced to its ferrous state by a STEAP family reductase . </P> <P> Alternatively , iron can enter the cell directly via plasma membrane divalent cation importers such as DMT1 and ZIP14 ( Zrt - Irt - like protein 14 ) . Again , iron enters the cytoplasm in the ferrous state after being reduced in the extracellular space by a reductase such as STEAP2 , STEAP3 ( in erythrocytes ) , Dcytb ( in enterocytes ) and SDR2 . </P> The labile iron pool ( edit ) <P> In the cytoplasm , ferrous iron is found in a soluble , chelatable state which constitutes the labile iron pool ( ~ 0.001 mM ) . In this pool , iron is thought to be bound to low - mass compounds such as peptides , carboxylates and phosphates , although some might be in a free , hydrated form ( aqua ions ) . Alternatively , iron ions might be bound to specialized proteins known as metallochaperones . Specifically , poly - r ( C ) - binding proteins ( PCBPs ) appear to mediate transfer of free iron to ferritin ( for storage ) and non-heme iron enzymes ( for use in catalysis ) . The labile iron pool is potentially toxic due to iron 's ability to generate reactive oxygen species . Iron from this pool can be taken up by mitochondria via mitoferrin to synthesize Fe - S clusters and heme groups . </P> The storage iron pool ( edit ) <P> Iron can be stored in ferritin as ferric iron due to the ferroxidase activity of the ferritin heavy chain . Dysfunctional ferritin may accumulate as hemosiderin , which can be problematic in cases of iron overload . The ferritin storage iron pool is much larger than the labile iron pool , ranging in concentration from 0.7 mM to 3.6 mM . </P> Iron export ( edit ) <P> Iron export occurs in a variety of cell types , including neurons , erythrocytes , macrophages and enterocytes . The latter two are especially important since systemic iron levels depend upon them . There is

Fe (iron) is best absorbed in the body

Where is fe best absorbed in the body?

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Wake Me up When September Ends - wikipedia <H1> Wake Me up When September Ends </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Green Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album American Idiot </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> June 13 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> VHS </Li> <Li> digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> September 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Alternative rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Reprise </Li> <Li> Warner Bros . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Billie Joe Armstrong </Li> <Li> Mike Dirnt </Li> <Li> Tré Cool </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rob Cavallo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Green Day singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Holiday '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Jesus of Suburbia '' ( 2005 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Holiday '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Jesus of Suburbia '' ( 2005 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' is a song by American rock band Green Day , released on June 13 , 2005 , as the fourth single from the group 's seventh studio album , American Idiot ( 2004 ) . The song was written by frontman Billie Joe Armstrong regarding the death of his father . </P> <P> The song became a hit single , peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was also a top ten single in the United Kingdom , Belgium , New Zealand , and was a number one single in the Czech Republic . In the United States , the song became symbolic after Hurricane Katrina , where it was dedicated to victims of the disaster and also regarded as a dedication to the victims of the September 11 attacks that occurred in 2001 . The song became certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . </P> <P> The song 's music video depicts a couple broken apart by the Iraq War , which was intended to convey the song 's central theme of loss . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Commercial performance </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Music video </Li> <Li> 5 Legacy </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing </Li> <Li> 7 Charts <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Weekly charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Certifications </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' was written by Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstrong about his father , who died of cancer in September 1982 when Billie Joe was ten . Armstrong , at one point , dubbed the song the most autobiographical he had written to that point , considering it `` therapeutic '' but also difficult to perform . </P> <P> The song is largely unrelated to the storyline that is central to American Idiot . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The single peaked at number six in the United States , becoming Green Day 's second top 10 single . It also peaked at number 8 in Canada and the UK , while making number 13 in Australia . `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' had sold 1,652,000 copies as of May 2010 . The song ended the streak of Green Day 's three consecutive number one hits on the Modern Rock Tracks chart ( `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' and `` Holiday '' ) , but it hit number 2 on the chart , kept from number one by Gorillaz `` Feel Good Inc . '' . The song also hit number 2 on the Adult Top 40 and on the Mainstream Top 40 . This was the band 's most successful song to the adult contemporary market , hitting number 3 on its own chart and their only song to chart other than `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' . The song was certified Gold in the United Kingdom for sales of 400,000 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone deemed the song a sequel to the group 's 1997 single `` Good Riddance ( Time of Your Life ) '' . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song 's music video was directed by Samuel Bayer , best known for his work with Nirvana and Metallica . Bayer wrote the treatment for the video , which he envisioned as a mini-movie . Bayer brought the idea of an Iraq War - themed video to the trio after interviewing soldiers who had signed up to fight after being persuaded by a television advertisement . The song 's music video thus attempts to `` turn the machine on itself '' by acting as a commercial for `` free thought or peace . '' Although it was far from the song 's literal meaning , Armstrong felt it appropriate considering the song 's theme of loss . Bayer noted that he felt bored with predictable music videos , and wanted to produce a video that felt like a film . Consequently , he and a crew spent a month casting actors for the roles and conducted rehearsals , uncommon for music videos . The clip was filmed in Los Angeles in late March 2004 . </P> <P> The video focuses on a couple in love ( played by Jamie Bell and Evan Rachel Wood ) . The boyfriend promises never to leave his girlfriend but they later argue when the boyfriend enlists in the United States Marine Corps . The boyfriend interprets his actions as a way to show her that he loves her so much that he would put his life on the line to keep her safe . However , the girlfriend is heartbroken , as he broke his vow to never leave her . The video then shows the boyfriend in battle in Iraq being ambushed by insurgents . This scene is intercut with scenes of the girlfriend tearfully mourning in a quiet field . The video ends on this juxtaposition , emphasizing the pain and heartache of losing loved ones due to the war . </P> <P> The clip prompted criticism from conservative media pundits . On the subject of the clip being seen as exploitive of the war for entertainment purposes , Dirnt rejected this notion : `` Rock & roll should be dangerous . ( ... ) It should be striking and stir questions , and I think that that video , at the end of the day , comes down to that core emotion of loss . '' Bayer considered it his best production to that point , remarking , `` ' September ' is hands down the greatest thing I 've ever done . '' </P> <P> The video reached number one on Total Request Live , and came in second for best video of the year in a 2005 Reader 's Poll by Rolling Stone . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' became closely associated with Hurricane Katrina , which struck the Gulf Coast of the United States on August 29 , 2005 . `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' became symbolic in the aftermath ; one online blogger paired the song with television coverage of the disaster , creating a viral video . Green Day performed the song days after the disaster on ReAct Now : Music & Relief , a benefit concert broadcast on MTV and its associated properties . </P> <P> A live version of the song , recorded on September 3 , 2005 at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , was released soon after and dedicated to the hurricane 's victims . </P> <P> The song was performed live with U2 guitarist The Edge in the pregame show of the Monday Night Football game between the New Orleans Saints and the Atlanta Falcons ; it was the first game played in the Superdome in New Orleans after the hurricane . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> CD 1 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Give Me Novacaine '' ( live at VH1 Storytellers , Culver City , California on February 15 , 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 38 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> CD 2 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Homecoming '' ( live at VH1 Storytellers , Culver City , California on February 15 , 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 9 : 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Hitchin ' a Ride '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 52 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Australian CD </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Give Me Novacaine '' ( live at VH1 Storytellers , Culver City , California on February 15 , 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Homecoming '' ( live at VH1 Storytellers , Culver City , California on February 15 , 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 9 : 24 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Live ( iTunes exclusive ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' ( live at Foxboro , Massachusetts on September 3 , 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 5 : 41 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> 7 '' picture disc </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Side A </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 45 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Side B </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Give Me Novacaine '' ( live at VH1 Storytellers , Culver City , California on February 15 , 2005 ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 38 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2005 -- 06 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brazil ( ABPD ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland (

The music video for "Wake Me Up When September Ends" by Green Day revolves around

Wake me up when september ends meaning music video?

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. Since the 2000s , third wave coffee makers have targeted quality - minded coffee drinkers with hand - made coffee based on lighter roasts , while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons . </P> <P> Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks , whole - bean coffee , microground instant coffee known as VIA , espresso , caffe latte , full - and loose - leaf teas including Teavana tea products , Evolution Fresh juices , Frappuccino beverages , La Boulange pastries , and snacks including items such as chips and crackers ; some offerings ( including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte ) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store . Many stores sell pre-packaged food items , hot and cold sandwiches , and drinkware including mugs and tumblers ; select `` Starbucks Evenings '' locations offer beer , wine , and appetizers . Starbucks - brand coffee , ice cream , and bottled cold coffee drinks are also sold at grocery stores . </P> <P> Starbucks first became profitable in Seattle in the early 1980s . Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s , the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s . The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996 ; overseas properties now constitute almost one - third of its stores . The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007 . </P> <P> On December 1 , 2016 , Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective April 2017 and would be replaced by Kevin Johnson . Johnson assumed the role of CEO on April 3 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Founding </Li> <Li> 1.2 Sale and expansion </Li> <Li> 1.3 Expansion to new markets and products </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Corporate governance </Li> <Li> 3 Products <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Tea </Li> <Li> 3.2 Coffee quality </Li> <Li> 3.3 Other products </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Locations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Current </Li> <Li> 4.2 Expansion </Li> <Li> 4.3 Former </Li> <Li> 4.4 Unbranded stores </Li> <Li> 4.5 Licensed and franchise operations </Li> <Li> 4.6 Automated locations </Li> <Li> 4.7 Facilities </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Advertising <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Logo </Li> <Li> 5.2 Partnerships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Parodies and infringements </Li> <Li> 7 Environmental and social policies <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Environmental impact <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Recycling </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.2 Farmer equity practices </Li> <Li> 7.3 Fair trade </Li> <Li> 7.4 Ethos water </Li> <Li> 7.5 Food bank donations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Controversies </Li> <Li> 9 Music , film , and television </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Interior of the Pike Place Market location in 1977 <H3> Founding </H3> <P> The first Starbucks opened in Seattle , Washington , on March 31 , 1971 , by three partners who met while they were students at the University of San Francisco : English teacher Jerry Baldwin , history teacher Zev Siegl , and writer Gordon Bowker were inspired to sell high - quality coffee beans and equipment by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet after he taught them his style of roasting beans . The company took the name of the chief mate in the book Moby - Dick : Starbuck , after considering `` Cargo House '' and `` Pequod '' . Bowker recalls that Terry Heckler , with whom Bowker owned an advertising agency , thought words beginning with `` st '' were powerful . The founders brainstormed a list of words beginning with `` st '' . Someone pulled out an old mining map of the Cascade Range and saw a mining town named `` Starbo '' , which immediately put Bowker in mind of the character `` Starbuck '' . Bowker said , `` Moby - Dick did n't have anything to do with Starbucks directly ; it was only coincidental that the sound seemed to make sense . '' </P> The Starbucks store at 1912 Pike Place . This is the second location of the original Starbucks , which was at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971 to 1976 . <P> The first Starbucks store was located in Seattle at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971 -- 1976 . This cafe was later moved to 1912 Pike Place ; never to be relocated again . During this time , the company only sold roasted whole coffee beans and did not yet brew coffee to sell . The only brewed coffee served in the store were free samples . During their first year of operation , they purchased green coffee beans from Peet 's , then began buying directly from growers . </P> <H3> Sale and expansion </H3> <P> In 1984 , the original owners of Starbucks , led by Jerry Baldwin , purchased Peet 's . During the 1980s , total sales of coffee in the US were falling , but sales of specialty coffee increased , forming 10 % of the market in 1989 , compared with 3 % in 1983 . By 1986 , the company operated six stores in Seattle and had only just begun to sell espresso coffee . </P> <P> In 1987 , the original owners sold the Starbucks chain to former manager Howard Schultz , who rebranded his Il Giornale coffee outlets as Starbucks and quickly began to expand . In the same year , Starbucks opened its first locations outside Seattle at Waterfront Station in Vancouver , British Columbia , and Chicago , Illinois . By 1989 , 46 stores existed across the Northwest and Midwest , and annually Starbucks was roasting over 2,000,000 pounds ( 907,185 kg ) of coffee . </P> <P> At the time of its initial public offering ( IPO ) on the stock market in June 1992 , Starbucks had 140 outlets , with a revenue of US $ 73.5 million , up from US $1.3 million in 1987 . The company 's market value was US $271 million by this time . The 12 % portion of the company that was sold raised around US $25 million for the company , which facilitated a doubling of the number of stores over the next two years . By September 1992 , Starbucks ' share price had risen by 70 % to over 100 times the earnings per share of the previous year . </P> <P> In July 2013 , over 10 % of in - store purchases were made on customer 's mobile devices using the Starbucks app . The company once again utilized the mobile platform when it launched the `` Tweet - a-Coffee '' promotion in October 2013 . On this occasion , the promotion also involved Twitter and customers were able to purchase a US $5 gift card for a friend by entering both `` @ tweetacoffee '' and the friend 's handle in a tweet . Research firm Keyhole monitored the progress of the campaign and a December 6 , 2013 , media article reported that the firm had found that 27,000 people had participated and US $180,000 of purchases were made to date . </P> <H3> Expansion to New markets and products </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section is missing information about order and pay feature in app . Please expand the section to include this information . Further details may exist on the talk page . ( December 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo , Japan , in 1996 . On December 4 , 1997 , the Philippines became the third market to open outside North America with its first branch in the country located at 6750 Ayala Building in Makati City , Philippines . Starbucks entered the U.K. market in 1998 with the $83 million USD acquisition of the then 56 - outlet , UK - based Seattle Coffee Company , re-branding all the stores as Starbucks . In September 2002 , Starbucks opened its first store in Latin America , at Mexico City . Currently , there are over 500 locations in Mexico and there are plans for the opening of up to 850 by 2018 . </P> <P> In 1999 , Starbucks experimented with eateries in the San Francisco Bay area through a restaurant chain called Circadia . These restaurants were soon `` outed '' as Starbucks establishments and converted to Starbucks cafes . </P> <P> In October 2002 , Starbucks established a coffee trading company in Lausanne , Switzerland to handle purchases of green coffee . All other coffee - related business continued to be managed from Seattle . </P> <P> In April 2003 , Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle 's Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia from AFC Enterprises for $72 m . The deal only gained 150 stores for Starbucks , but according to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , the wholesale business was more significant . In September 2006 , rival Diedrich Coffee announced that it would sell most of its company - owned retail stores to Starbucks . This sale included the company - owned locations of the Oregon - based Coffee People chain . Starbucks converted the Diedrich Coffee and Coffee People locations to Starbucks , although the Portland International Airport Coffee People locations were excluded from the sale . </P> <P> In August 2003 , Starbucks opened its first store in South America in Lima , Peru . </P> <P> In 2007 , the company opened its first store in Russia , ten years after first registering a trademark there . </P> <P> In 2008 , they purchased the manufacturer of the Clover Brewing System . They began testing the `` fresh - pressed '' coffee system at several Starbucks locations in Seattle , California , New York , and Boston . </P> Graph showing the growth in the number of Starbucks stores between 1971 and 2011 <P> In early 2008 , Starbucks started a community website , My Starbucks Idea , designed to collect suggestions and feedback from customers . Other users comment and vote on suggestions . Journalist Jack Schofield noted that `` My Starbucks seems to be all sweetness and light at the moment , which I do n't think is possible without quite a lot of censorship '' . The website is powered by Salesforce.com software . </P> <P> In May 2008 , a loyalty program was introduced for registered users of the Starbucks Card ( previously simply a gift card ) offering perks such as free Wi - Fi Internet access , no charge for soy milk and flavored syrups , and free refills on brewed drip coffee , iced coffee , or tea . In 2009 , Starbucks began beta testing its mobile app for the Starbucks card , a stored value system in which consumers access pre-paid funds to purchase products at Starbucks . Starbucks released its complete mobile platform on January 11 , 2011 . </P> <P> On November 14 , 2012 , Starbucks announced the purchase of Teavana for US $620 million in cash and the deal was formally closed on December 31 , 2012 . </P> <P> On February 1 , 2013 , Starbucks opened its first store in Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam , and this was followed by an announcement in late August 2013 that the retailer will be opening its inaugural store in Colombia . The Colombian announcement was delivered at a press conference in Bogota , where the company 's CEO explained , `` Starbucks has always admired and respected Colombia 's distinguished coffee tradition . '' </P> <P> In August 2014 , Starbucks opened their first store in Williamsburg , Brooklyn . This location will be one of 30 Starbucks stores that will serve beer and wine . </P> <P> In September 2014 , it was revealed that Starbucks would acquire the remaining 60.5 percent stake in

Starbucks became a publicly traded company in

When did starbucks become a publicly traded company?

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Chamber of Commerce - Wikipedia <H1> Chamber of Commerce </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about trade organizations globally . For the American business lobbying organization , see United States Chamber of Commerce . Former headquarters of Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York , the oldest Chamber of commerce in the United States , established in 1768 during the British Colonial Period <P> A chamber of commerce ( or board of trade ) is a form of business network , for example , a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses . Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community . Local businesses are members , and they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber . The board or council then hires a President , CEO or Executive Director , plus staffing appropriate to size , to run the organization . </P> <P> The first chamber of commerce was founded in 1599 in Marseille , France . Another official chamber of commerce would follow 65 years later , probably in Bruges , then part of the Spanish Netherlands . </P> <P> The world 's oldest English - speaking chamber of commerce is the Jersey Chamber founded in February 1768 , the same year the New York City Chamber was founded , The oldest known existing chamber in the English - speaking world with continuous records , the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce , was founded in 1783 . However , Hull Chamber of Commerce is the UK 's oldest , followed by those of Leeds and of Belfast in present day Northern Ireland . </P> <P> As a non-governmental institution , a chamber of commerce has no direct role in the writing and passage of laws and regulations that affect businesses . It may however , lobby in an attempt to get laws passed that are favorable to businesses . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Characteristics </Li> <Li> 2 Chamber models <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Community , city and regional chambers </Li> <Li> 2.2 Community chambers </Li> <Li> 2.3 City chambers </Li> <Li> 2.4 State chambers </Li> <Li> 2.5 National and international chambers </Li> <Li> 2.6 Compulsory or public - law chambers </Li> <Li> 2.7 Continental / private law chambers </Li> <Li> 2.8 Multilateral chambers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Surveys </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Characteristics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Membership in an individual chamber can range from a few dozen to well over 800,000 , as is the case with the Paris Île - de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry . Some chamber organizations in China report even larger membership numbers . Chambers of commerce can range in scope from individual neighborhoods within a city or town up to an international chamber of commerce . </P> <P> In the United States , chambers do not operate in the same manner as the Better Business Bureau in that , while the BBB has the authority to bind its members under a formal operation doctrine ( and , thus , can remove them if complaints arise regarding their services ) , the local chamber membership is either voluntary or required by law . In addition , Chambers represent the interests of businesses , while the BBB represents both the interests of businesses and the general public . Some Chambers are partially funded by local government , others are non-profit , and some are a combination of the two . Chambers of commerce also can include economic development corporations or groups ( though the latter can sometimes be a formal branch of a local government , the groups work together and may in some cases share office facilities ) as well as tourism and visitor bureaus . </P> <P> Some chambers have joined state , national ( such as the United States Chamber of Commerce and the British Chambers of Commerce ) and even international bodies ( such as Eurochambres , the International Chamber of Commerce ( ICC ) , Worldchambers ) . Currently , there are about 13,000 chambers registered in the official Worldchambers Network registry , and the chamber of commerce network is the largest business network globally . This network is informal , with each local chamber incorporated and operating separately , rather than as a chapter of a national or state chamber . </P> <H2> Chamber Models ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Community , city and regional chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Chambers of commerce in the United States can be considered community , city , regional , state , or nationwide ( United States Chamber of Commerce ) . City Chambers work on the local level to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks , which can result in a business - to - business exchange . In most cases , city Chambers work with their local government , such as their mayor , their city council and local representatives to develop pro-business initiatives . There are also bilateral chambers of commerce that link the business environments of two countries ( e.g. Romanian - American Chamber of Commerce , Moldovan -- American Chamber of Commerce ) . </P> <H3> Community chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Community chambers of commerce started in the UK and later spread to in the US , becoming city chambers of commerce as communities developed and became larger . Community chambers of commerce are smaller and most have a limits on numbers of members . </P> <H3> City chambers ( edit ) </H3> The Marlborough Regional Chamber of Commerce in Marlborough , Massachusetts <P> City chambers of commerce have a long history in the US . The Charleston Chamber of Commerce is one of the oldest , dating back to colonial 1773 . That same year , Boston 's Chamber of Commerce organized a seminal tax protest : The Boston Tea Party . </P> <P> In 2005 there were 2,800 chambers of commerce in the United States and 102 chambers representing U.S. businesses overseas . According to the Association for Chamber of Commerce Executives ( ACCE ) , there are approximately 3,000 chambers of commerce with at least one staff person and `` thousands more established as strictly volunteer entities '' . </P> <H3> State chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> State chambers of commerce are much different from local and regional chambers of commerce , as they work on state and sometimes federal issues impacting the business community . Just as the local chamber is critical to the local business community , state chambers serve a unique function , serving as a third party voice on important business legislation that impact the business community and are critical in shaping legislation in their respective state . State Chambers work with their Governor , state representatives , state senators , US congressional leaders and US Senators . In comparison with state trade associations , which serve as a voice and resource to a particular industry , state chambers are looked to as a respected voice , representing the entire business community to enhance and advocate for a better business environment . </P> <H3> National and international chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Understanding the National or International need for understanding and information is the key service that these level of chambers of commerce provide . These services are in most cases are at no fee or cost to their members , some of the resources offer personal and / or business services that may have a very low fee ( Memberships to other association like the NRA etc . ) . </P> <H3> Compulsory or public - law chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Under the compulsory or public law model , enterprises of certain sizes , types , or sectors are obliged to become members of the chamber . This model is common in European Union countries ( e.g. France , Germany , Italy , Spain , Austria ) , as well as Japan . Main tasks of the chambers are foreign trade promotion , vocational training , regional economic development , and general services to their members . The chambers were given responsibilities of public administration in various fields by the state which they exercise in order management . The chambers also have a consultative function ; this means the chambers must be consulted whenever a new law related to industry or commerce is proposed . </P> <P> In Germany , the chambers of commerce and industry ( IHK - Industrie - und Handelskammer ) and the chambers of skilled crafts ( HwK - Handwerkskammer ) are public statutory bodies with self - administration under the inspectorate of the state ministry of economy . Enterprises are members by law according to the chamber act ( IHK - Gesetz ) of 1956 . Because of this , such chambers are much bigger than chambers under private law . IHK Munich , the biggest German chamber of commerce , has 350,000 member companies . Germany also has compulsory chambers for `` free occupations '' such as architects , dentists , engineers , lawyers , notaries , physicians and pharmacists . </P> <H3> Continental / private law chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Under the private model , which exists in English - speaking countries like USA , Canada or the UK , but as well in Sweden , Finland , Norway and Denmark , companies are not obligated to become chamber members . However , companies often become members to develop their business contacts and , regarding the local chambers ( the most common level of organization ) , to demonstrate a commitment to the local economy . Though governments are not required to consult chambers on proposed laws , the chambers are often contacted given their local influence and membership numbers . </P> <H3> Multilateral chambers ( edit ) </H3> <P> A multilateral chamber is formed of companies ( and sometimes individuals ) from different countries with a common business interest towards or in a specific country . It can further be active in representing the interests of local and foreign investors in that specific country , achieved through promotion and proactivity regarding the general business environment . Multilateral chambers of commerce are independent entities strengthening business relations and interactions between all economic players , and their members may benefit from a broad range of activities that enhance the visibility and reputation of their business . </P> <H2> Surveys ( edit ) </H2> <P> In many countries Chambers of Commerce are a source of private sector information . The information is usually gathered by surveying Chamber members . The British Chambers of Commerce Quarterly Economic Survey is an example of a Chambers of Commerce survey that is used by official governmental departments as a guide to the performance of the economy . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lobbying </Li> <Li> Non-governmental organization </Li> <Li> Trade group </Li> <Li> Trade union </Li> <Li> British Chambers of Commerce </Li> <Li> United States Chamber of Commerce </Li> <Li> Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry </Li> <Li> Camera di Commercio , Industria , Agricoltura e Artigianato - Italy </Li> <Li> All pages beginning with `` Chamber of commerce '' </Li> <Li> All pages with a title containing Chamber of commerce </Li> <Li> All pages beginning with `` Chamber of Commerce and Industry '' </Li> <Li> All pages with a title containing Chamber of Commerce and Industry </Li> <Li> European Federation of Bilateral Chambers of Commerce </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1599 Création à Marseille de la première Chambre de Commerce '' . Retrieved 18 April 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Le port de Marseille , qui possède la plus ancienne Chambre de Commerce de France ( fondée en 1599 ) , acquiert une notoriété Mondiale '' . Retrieved 18 April 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Marseille

A Chamber of Commerce is

What type of business is chamber of commerce?

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Plant hormone - Wikipedia <H1> Plant hormone </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Lack of the plant hormone auxin can cause abnormal growth ( right ) <P> Plant hormones ( also known as phytohormones ) are chemicals that regulate plant growth . In the United Kingdom , these are termed ' plant growth substances ' . </P> <P> Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant , and occur in extremely low concentrations . Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells locally and , moved to other locations , in other functional parts of the plant . Hormones also determine the formation of flowers , stems , leaves , the shedding of leaves , and the development and ripening of fruit . Plants , unlike animals , lack glands that produce and secrete hormones . Instead , each cell is capable of producing hormones . Plant hormones shape the plant , affecting seed growth , time of flowering , the sex of flowers , senescence of leaves , and fruits . They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward , leaf formation and stem growth , fruit development and ripening , plant longevity , and even plant death . Hormones are vital to plant growth , and , lacking them , plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells . So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones . The term ' Phytohormone ' was coined by Went and Thimann and used in the title of their book in 1937 . </P> <P> Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants but in algae , showing similar functions , and in microorganisms , such as unicellular fungi and bacteria , but in these cases they play no hormonal or other immediate physiological role in the producing organism and can , thus , be regarded as secondary metabolites . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Characteristics </Li> <Li> 2 Classes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Abscisic acid </Li> <Li> 2.2 Auxins </Li> <Li> 2.3 Cytokinins </Li> <Li> 2.4 Ethylene </Li> <Li> 2.5 Gibberellins </Li> <Li> 2.6 Other known hormones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Potential medical applications </Li> <Li> 4 Hormones and plant propagation <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Seed dormancy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 History </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Characteristics ( edit ) </H2> Phyllody on a purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea ) , a plant development abnormality where leaf - like structures replace flower organs . It can be caused by hormonal imbalance , among other reasons . <P> The word hormone is derived from Greek , meaning set in motion . Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels , cellular division , and growth . They are naturally produced within plants , though very similar chemicals are produced by fungi and bacteria that can also affect plant growth . A large number of related chemical compounds are synthesized by humans . They are used to regulate the growth of cultivated plants , weeds , and in vitro - grown plants and plant cells ; these manmade compounds are called plant growth regulators or PGRs for short . Early in the study of plant hormones , `` phytohormone '' was the commonly used term , but its use is less widely applied now . </P> <P> Plant hormones are not nutrients , but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth , development , and differentiation of cells and tissues . The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized . Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones , because , unlike animals -- which have two circulatory systems ( lymphatic and cardiovascular ) powered by a heart that moves fluids around the body -- plants use more passive means to move chemicals around their bodies . Plants utilize simple chemicals as hormones , which move more easily through their tissues . They are often produced and used on a local basis within the plant body . Plant cells produce hormones that affect even different regions of the cell producing the hormone . </P> <P> Hormones are transported within the plant by utilizing four types of movements . For localized movement , cytoplasmic streaming within cells and slow diffusion of ions and molecules between cells are utilized . Vascular tissues are used to move hormones from one part of the plant to another ; these include sieve tubes or phloem that move sugars from the leaves to the roots and flowers , and xylem that moves water and mineral solutes from the roots to the foliage . </P> <P> Not all plant cells respond to hormones , but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle . The greatest effects occur at specific stages during the cell 's life , with diminished effects occurring before or after this period . Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations . They also need to disengage the effects that hormones have when they are no longer needed . The production of hormones occurs very often at sites of active growth within the meristems , before cells have fully differentiated . After production , they are sometimes moved to other parts of the plant , where they cause an immediate effect ; or they can be stored in cells to be released later . Plants use different pathways to regulate internal hormone quantities and moderate their effects ; they can regulate the amount of chemicals used to biosynthesize hormones . They can store them in cells , inactivate them , or cannibalise already - formed hormones by conjugating them with carbohydrates , amino acids , or peptides . Plants can also break down hormones chemically , effectively destroying them . Plant hormones frequently regulate the concentrations of other plant hormones . Plants also move hormones around the plant diluting their concentrations . </P> <P> The concentration of hormones required for plant responses are very low ( 10 to 10 mol / L ) . Because of these low concentrations , it has been very difficult to study plant hormones , and only since the late 1970s have scientists been able to start piecing together their effects and relationships to plant physiology . Much of the early work on plant hormones involved studying plants that were genetically deficient in one or involved the use of tissue - cultured plants grown in vitro that were subjected to differing ratios of hormones , and the resultant growth compared . The earliest scientific observation and study dates to the 1880s ; the determination and observation of plant hormones and their identification was spread - out over the next 70 years . </P> <H2> Classes ( edit ) </H2> <P> In general , it is accepted that there are five major classes of plant hormones , some of which are made up of many different chemicals that can vary in structure from one plant to the next . The chemicals are each grouped together into one of these classes based on their structural similarities and on their effects on plant physiology . Other plant hormones and growth regulators are not easily grouped into these classes ; they exist naturally or are synthesized by humans or other organisms , including chemicals that inhibit plant growth or interrupt the physiological processes within plants . Each class has positive as well as inhibitory functions , and most often work in tandem with each other , with varying ratios of one or more interplaying to affect growth regulation . </P> <P> The five major classes are : </P> <H3> Abscisic acid ( edit ) </H3> <P> Abscisic acid ( also called ABA ) is one of the most important plant growth regulators . It was discovered and researched under two different names before its chemical properties were fully known , it was called dormin and abscicin II . Once it was determined that the two compounds are the same , it was named abscisic acid . The name `` abscisic acid '' was given because it was found in high concentrations in newly abscissed or freshly fallen leaves . </P> <P> This class of PGR is composed of one chemical compound normally produced in the leaves of plants , originating from chloroplasts , especially when plants are under stress . In general , it acts as an inhibitory chemical compound that affects bud growth , and seed and bud dormancy . It mediates changes within the apical meristem , causing bud dormancy and the alteration of the last set of leaves into protective bud covers . Since it was found in freshly abscissed leaves , it was thought to play a role in the processes of natural leaf drop , but further research has disproven this . In plant species from temperate parts of the world , it plays a role in leaf and seed dormancy by inhibiting growth , but , as it is dissipated from seeds or buds , growth begins . In other plants , as ABA levels decrease , growth then commences as gibberellin levels increase . Without ABA , buds and seeds would start to grow during warm periods in winter and be killed when it froze again . Since ABA dissipates slowly from the tissues and its effects take time to be offset by other plant hormones , there is a delay in physiological pathways that provide some protection from premature growth . It accumulates within seeds during fruit maturation , preventing seed germination within the fruit , or seed germination before winter . Abscisic acid 's effects are degraded within plant tissues during cold temperatures or by its removal by water washing in out of the tissues , releasing the seeds and buds from dormancy . </P> <P> In plants under water stress , ABA plays a role in closing the stomata . Soon after plants are water - stressed and the roots are deficient in water , a signal moves up to the leaves , causing the formation of ABA precursors there , which then move to the roots . The roots then release ABA , which is translocated to the foliage through the vascular system and modulates the potassium and sodium uptake within the guard cells , which then lose turgidity , closing the stomata . ABA exists in all parts of the plant and its concentration within any tissue seems to mediate its effects and function as a hormone ; its degradation , or more properly catabolism , within the plant affects metabolic reactions and cellular growth and production of other hormones . Plants start life as a seed with high ABA levels . Just before the seed germinates , ABA levels decrease ; during germination and early growth of the seedling , ABA levels decrease even more . As plants begin to produce shoots with fully functional leaves , ABA levels begin to increase , slowing down cellular growth in more `` mature '' areas of the plant . Stress from water or predation affects ABA production and catabolism rates , mediating another cascade of effects that trigger specific responses from targeted cells . Scientists are still piecing together the complex interactions and effects of this and other phytohormones . </P> <H3> Auxins ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Auxin The auxin indole - 3 - acetic acid <P> Auxins are compounds that positively influence cell enlargement , bud formation and root initiation . They also promote the production of other hormones and in conjunction with cytokinins , they control the growth of stems , roots , and fruits , and convert stems into flowers . Auxins were the first class of growth regulators discovered . They affect cell elongation by altering cell wall plasticity . They stimulate cambium , a subtype of meristem cells , to divide and in stems cause secondary xylem to differentiate . Auxins act to inhibit the growth of buds lower down the stems ( apical dominance ) , and also to promote lateral and adventitious root development

Chemicals produced in one part of a plant that affect the growth and response of other parts are known as

Chemicals produced in one part of a plant that affect the growth and response of other parts?

-1946610520886668272

United States Presidential line of succession - wikipedia <H1> United States Presidential line of succession </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) . The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices . The succession follows the order of Vice President , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States . The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation . Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession , for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen . </P> <P> Several constitutional law experts have raised questions as to the constitutionality of the provisions that the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate succeed to the presidency , and in 2003 the Continuity of Government Commission raised a number of other issues with the current line of succession . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Current order </Li> <Li> 2 Eligibility <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Eligibility requirements </Li> <Li> 2.2 Acting officers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Motivation for changes to the succession in 1945 </Li> <Li> 4 Constitutional provisions </Li> <Li> 5 Acting President and President </Li> <Li> 6 History of succession law set by Congress <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Presidential Succession Act 1792 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Presidential Succession Act 1886 </Li> <Li> 6.3 Presidential Succession Act 1947 </Li> <Li> 6.4 Postmaster General removed 1971 </Li> <Li> 6.5 Secretary of Homeland Security added 2006 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Successions beyond Vice President </Li> <Li> 8 Constitutional concerns </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Current order ( edit ) </H2> <P> The current presidential order of succession is as follows : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Key </Th> <Td> Eligible Democrat ( D ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eligible Republican ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eligible Independent ( I ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eligible unknown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Not eligible </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Office </Th> <Th> Current officer </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Vice President </Td> <Td> Mike Pence ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Speaker of the House of Representatives </Td> <Td> Paul Ryan ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> President pro tempore of the Senate </Td> <Td> Orrin Hatch ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Secretary of State </Td> <Td> Rex Tillerson ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Secretary of the Treasury </Td> <Td> Steven Mnuchin ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Defense </Td> <Td> James Mattis ( I ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Attorney General </Td> <Td> Jeff Sessions ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Secretary of the Interior </Td> <Td> Ryan Zinke ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Agriculture </Td> <Td> Sonny Perdue ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Commerce </Td> <Td> Wilbur Ross ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Labor </Td> <Td> Alex Acosta ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Health and Human Services </Td> <Td> Eric Hargan ( R ) Acting </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </Td> <Td> Ben Carson ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> Secretary of Transportation </Td> <Td> Elaine Chao ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Energy </Td> <Td> Rick Perry ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Education </Td> <Td> Betsy DeVos ( R ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Veterans Affairs </Td> <Td> David Shulkin ( I ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> Secretary of Homeland Security </Td> <Td> Elaine Duke ( I ) Acting </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : This listing assumes that acting officers whose prior appointment required Senate confirmation are eligible for the line of succession . See Acting officers below . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Not a natural - born citizen ( acquired U.S. citizenship by naturalization ) and thus ineligible for the Presidency . </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Cabinet officers are in line according to the chronological order of their department 's creation or the department of which their department is the successor ( the Department of Defense being successor to the Department of War , and the Department of Health and Human Services being successor to the Department of Health , Education and Welfare ) . </P> <H2> Eligibility ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Eligibility requirements ( edit ) </H3> <P> To be eligible to serve as President , a person must be a natural - born U.S. citizen , at least 35 years of age , and a resident within the United States for at least 14 years . These eligibility requirements are specified both in the U.S. Constitution , Article II , Section 1 , Clause 5 , and in the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 ( 3 U.S.C. § 19 ( e ) ) . </P> <H3> Acting officers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Acting officers may be eligible . In 2009 , the Continuity of Government Commission , a private non-partisan think tank , reported , </P> <P> The language in the current Presidential Succession Act is less clear than that of the 1886 Act with respect to Senate confirmation . The 1886 Act refers to `` such officers as shall have been appointed by the advice and consent of the Senate to the office therein named ... '' The current act merely refers to `` officers appointed , by and with the advice and consent of the Senate . '' Read literally , this means that the current act allows for acting secretaries to be in the line of succession as long as they are confirmed by the Senate for a post ( even for example , the second or third in command within a department ) . It is common for a second in command to become acting secretary when the secretary leaves office . Though there is some dispute over this provision , the language clearly permits acting secretaries to be placed in the line of succession . ( We have spoken to acting secretaries who told us they had been placed in the line of succession . ) </P> <H2> Motivation for changes to the succession in 1945 ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two months after succeeding Franklin D. Roosevelt , President Harry S. Truman proposed that the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate be granted priority in the line of succession over the Cabinet so as to ensure the President would not be able to appoint his successor to the Presidency . </P> <P> The Secretary of State and the other Cabinet officials are appointed by the President , while the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate are elected officials . The Speaker is chosen by the U.S. House of Representatives , and every Speaker has been a member of that body for the duration of their term as Speaker , though this is not technically a requirement ; the President pro tempore is chosen by the U.S. Senate and customarily the Senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service fills this position . The Congress approved this change and inserted the Speaker and President pro tempore in line , ahead of the members of the Cabinet in the order in which their positions were established . </P> <P> In his speech supporting the changes , Truman noted that the House of Representatives is more likely to be in political agreement with the President and Vice President than the Senate . The succession of a Republican to a Democratic Presidency would further complicate an already unstable political situation . However , when the changes to the succession were signed into law , they placed Republican House Speaker Joseph W. Martin first in the line of succession after the Vice President . </P> <P> Some of Truman 's critics said that his ordering of the Speaker before the President pro tempore was motivated by his dislike of the then - current holder of the latter rank , Senator Kenneth McKellar . Further motivation may have been provided by Truman 's preference for House Speaker Sam Rayburn to be next in the line of succession , rather than Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius , Jr . </P> <H2> Constitutional provisions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The line of succession is mentioned in three places in the Constitution : </P> <Ul> <Li> Article II , Section 1 , Clause 6 makes the Vice President first in the line of succession and allows the Congress to provide by law for cases in which neither the President nor Vice President can serve . The current such law governing succession is the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 ( 3 U.S.C. § 19 ) . </Li> <Li> Section 3 of the 20th Amendment provides that if the President - elect dies before his term begins , the Vice President - elect becomes President on Inauguration Day and serves for the full term to which the President - elect was elected . The section also provides that if , on Inauguration Day , a president has not been chosen or the President - elect does not qualify for the presidency , the Vice President - elect acts as president until a president is chosen or the President - elect qualifies . Finally , Section 3 allows the Congress to provide by law for cases in which neither a President - elect nor a Vice President - elect is eligible or available to serve . </Li> <Li> The 25th Amendment , ratified in 1967 , clarified Article II , Section 1 : that the Vice President is the direct successor of the President . He or she becomes President if the President dies , resigns or is removed from office . The amendment also provides for the situation where the President is temporarily disabled , such as if the President has a surgical procedure or becomes mentally unfit . The amendment also provides for Vice Presidential succession , by requiring Vice Presidential vacancies to be filled by the President and confirmed by both houses of the Congress . Previously , whenever a Vice President had succeeded to the Presidency or had otherwise left the office empty ( through death , resignation , or removal from office ) , the Vice Presidency remained vacant until the next Presidential and Vice Presidential terms began . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Acting President and President ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Acting President of the United States New President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in aboard Air Force One , following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 . <P> Article II , Section 1 of the United States Constitution provides that : </P> <P> In case of the removal of the President from office , or of his death , resignation , or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office , the same shall

The person who succeeds the Speaker of the House as President is the

Who succeeds the speaker of the house as president?

5741018585387321089

Supreme Court of the Philippines - wikipedia <H1> Supreme Court of the Philippines </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Supreme Court of the Philippines </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Kataas - taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Seal of the Supreme Court of the Philippines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Established </Th> <Td> June 11 , 1901 ; 116 years ago ( 1901 - 06 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Philippines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Manila Baguio ( summer ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 14 ° 34 ′ 46 '' N 120 ° 59 ′ 3 '' E  /  14.57944 ° N 120.98417 ° E  / 14.57944 ; 120.98417 Coordinates : 14 ° 34 ′ 46 '' N 120 ° 59 ′ 3 '' E  /  14.57944 ° N 120.98417 ° E  / 14.57944 ; 120.98417 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composition method </Th> <Td> Presidential appointment from the shortlisted candidates submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Authorized by </Th> <Td> Constitution of the Philippines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judge term length </Th> <Td> no fixed term ( retirement at the age 70 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of positions </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> sc.judiciary.gov.ph </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Currently </Th> <Td> Maria Lourdes Sereno </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Since </Th> <Td> August 24 , 2012 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Philippines </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> This article is part of a series on the politics and government of the Philippines </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Constitution ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Charter Change </Li> <Li> Laws and legal codes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legislature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Congress </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Senate </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> House of Representatives </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Districts </Li> <Li> Party - list representation </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Local legislatures <Ul> <Li> ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly </Li> <Li> Provinces </Li> <Li> Cities </Li> <Li> Municipalities </Li> <Li> Barangays </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Executive ( show ) <Ul> <Li> President of the Philippines </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Rodrigo Duterte </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Vice President of the Philippines </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Leni Robredo </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cabinet </Li> <Li> Executive departments </Li> <Li> Local government </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judiciary ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Supreme Court </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Court of Appeals </Li> <Li> Court of Tax Appeals </Li> <Li> Sandiganbayan </Li> <Li> Ombudsman </Li> <Li> Regional Trial Courts </Li> <Li> Barangay justice </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Constitutional commissions ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Civil Service Commission </Li> <Li> Commission on Elections </Li> <Li> Commission on Audit </Li> <Li> Commission on Human Rights </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elections ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Recent elections </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> General : 2007 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Political parties ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Lakas </Li> <Li> Liberal </Li> <Li> Nacionalista </Li> <Li> NPC </Li> <Li> NUP </Li> <Li> PDP -- Laban </Li> <Li> UNA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Administrative divisions ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Capital </Li> <Li> Regions </Li> <Li> Provinces </Li> <Li> Cities </Li> <Li> Municipalities </Li> <Li> Barangays </Li> <Li> Poblacions </Li> <Li> Sitios </Li> <Li> Puroks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related topics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Foreign relations </Li> <Li> Human rights </Li> <Li> Taxation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Atlas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Supreme Court of the Philippines ( Filipino : Kataas - taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas ; colloquially referred to by the Spanish : Corte Suprema ) , is the highest court in the Philippines . It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen ( 15 ) Justices , including the Chief Justice . Pursuant to the Constitution , the Supreme Court has `` administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof '' . </P> <P> The Supreme Court Complex , which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus , occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila , with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital . Until 1945 , the Court met in Cavite . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Constitutional role <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.2 Adjudication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cases <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Appellate review </Li> <Li> 2.2 Original jurisdiction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Pre-Hispanic and Hispanic periods </Li> <Li> 3.2 American period </Li> <Li> 3.3 Commonwealth and independence </Li> <Li> 3.4 Writ of Amparo <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Habeas Data </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.5 Language </Li> <Li> 3.6 Judicial corruption </Li> <Li> 3.7 `` Bantay Korte Suprema '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Current Justices </Li> <Li> 5 Supreme Court Justices of the Philippines </Li> <Li> 6 Philippine court system </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Books </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Constitutional role ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Composition ( edit ) </H3> The Sereno Court in 2012 <P> A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court : ( 1 ) natural - born citizenship ; ( 2 ) at least 40 years old ; and ( 3 ) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines . An additional constitutional requirement , though less precise in nature , is that a judge `` must be a person of proven competence , integrity , probity , and independence . '' Upon a vacancy in the Court , whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice , the President fills the vacancy by appointing a person from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council . </P> <P> Beginning with the 1935 Constitution , Supreme Court Justices are obliged to retire upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70 . Some Justices had opted to retire before reaching the age of 70 , such as Florentino Feliciano , who retired at 67 to accept appointment to the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and Ma . Alicia Austria - Martinez who retired at 68 due to health reasons . The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides that : `` Section 11 , Article VIII . The Members of the Supreme Court xxx shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office . '' ( 1 ) Since , 1901 , it was only incumbent Associate Justice Alicia Austria - Martinez who resigned for health reasons . Thus , on September , 2008 , Austria - Martinez , citing health reasons , filed a letter to the Court through Reynato Puno , tendering her resignation effective April 30 , 2009 , or 15 months before her compulsory retirement on December 19 , 2010 . This was followed in 2016 however , by Justice Martin Villarama , who resigned in January 2016 , due to health reasons . </P> <H3> Adjudication ( edit ) </H3> See also : Judicial review in the Philippines <P> The powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution . These functions may be generally divided into two -- judicial functions and administrative functions . The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees , as well as over members of the Philippine bar . Pursuant to these functions , the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary . The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law , for legal assistance to the underprivileged , and the procedural rules to be observed in all courts . </P> <P> The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions . Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions . The judicial power is vested in `` one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law . '' This judicial power is exercised through the judiciary 's primary role of adjudication , which includes the `` duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable , and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government . '' </P> <P> The definition reaffirms the power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review , a power that had traditionally belonged to the Court even before this provision was enacted . Still , this new provision effectively dissuades from the easy resort to the political question doctrine as a means of declining to review a law or state action , as was often done by the Court during the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos . As a result , the existence of `` grave abuse of discretion '' on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to nullify state action . </P> <H2> Cases ( edit ) </H2> Facade of the Supreme Court Building Flag <P> The Court is authorized to sit either en banc or in divisions of 3 , 5 or 7 members . Since the 1970s , the Court has constituted itself in 3 divisions with 5 members each . A majority of the cases are heard and decided by the divisions , rather than the court en banc . However , the Constitution requires that the Court hear en banc `` ( a ) ll cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty , international or executive agreement , as well as `` those involving the constitutionality , application , or operation of presidential decrees , proclamations , orders , instructions , ordinances , and other regulations '' . The Court en banc also decides cases originally heard by a division when a majority vote can not be reached within the division . The Court also has the discretion to hear a case en banc even if no constitutional issue is involved , as it typically does if the decision would reverse precedent or presents novel or important questions . </P> <H3> Appellate review ( edit ) </H3> <P> Far and away the most common mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an appeal from a decision rendered by a lower court . Appealed cases generally originate from lawsuits or criminal indictments filed and tried before the trial courts . These decisions of the trial courts may then be elevated on appeal to the Court of Appeals , or more rarely , directly to the Supreme Court if only `` questions of law '' are involved .

The powers of the Supreme Court in the Philippines include

What are the power of supreme court in the philippines?

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Justin 's House - Wikipedia <H1> Justin 's House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Justin 's House </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Justin Fletcher and CBeebies Production </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Justin Fletcher Steven Kynman Katherine Smee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Barrie Bignold </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United Kingdom England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of series </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 23 ( series 1 ) 25 ( series 2 ) 20 ( series 3 ) 20 ( series 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Paul Shuttleworth Vanessa Amberleigh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Stephen Cannon Anna Perowne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mike Eccles Andy Richards Steve Seddon Jonathan Newton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 24 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBeebies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 8 October 2011 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Justin 's House is a children 's television show produced by the BBC for CBeebies . It stars host Justin Fletcher , his green Little Monster , and his domestic robot Robert . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Justin Fletcher -- Himself , Sir Justin - A-Lot of Mess , Justinardo de Stinky , Long Johns Justin & Mr Tumble </Li> <Li> Steven Kynman -- Robert </Li> <Li> Katherine Smee -- Little Monster , Cousin Cuddle & Auntie Monsterella </Li> <Li> Jane Deane -- Dee </Li> <Li> Steven Arnold -- Mr Finch Bottom </Li> <Li> Alex Winters -- Himself </Li> <Li> Andy Day -- Himself </Li> <Li> Nisha Anil -- Herself </Li> <Li> Chris Jarvis -- Himself </Li> <Li> Katrina Bryan -- Nina </Li> <Li> Anne Charleston -- Auntie Justina </Li> <Li> Katy Ashworth -- Herself </Li> <Li> Phil Gallagher -- Mister Maker </Li> <Li> Ben Faulks -- Mr Bloom & Reginald T Robot </Li> <Li> Jodie Prenger -- Herself </Li> <Li> Cerrie Burnell -- Herself </Li> <Li> Samuel Wakefield -- Helper Sam </Li> <Li> Edward Wakefield -- Helper Edward </Li> <Li> William Wakefield -- Helper William </Li> <Li> Roger Chucklefoot -- Juan Man Band </Li> <Li> Pui Fan Lee -- Herself </Li> <Li> Penni Tovey -- Roberta </Li> <Li> John Farnworth -- Keepy - Uppy </Li> <Li> Nick Wilton -- Charlie Championships </Li> <Li> Heather Mann -- Summer Salt </Li> <Li> Ian Marchant -- Mr Hatrick </Li> <Li> Sally Phillips -- Wanda Round </Li> <Li> Joe Oakley -- Will </Li> <Li> Nicholas Khan -- Star Jumper & Mr Tailor </Li> <Li> Ian Jamieson -- Roger Over </Li> <Li> Melanie Williams -- Tallulah Hula </Li> <Li> Phillip Ratcliffe -- Cake Mix </Li> <Li> Bellatrix -- Melody </Li> <Li> Kim Wellens -- Cake Mix </Li> <Li> Abbi Phillips -- Cake Mix </Li> <Li> Sharon D Clarke -- Dakota Sleep </Li> <Li> Bibi and Bichu -- The Jugglinies </Li> <Li> Lena Kaur -- Mac </Li> <Li> Darren Hart -- Bustin Grooves & Mr Leo Tard </Li> <Li> Lewis Dark -- Party Entertainers </Li> <Li> Gemma McGhee -- Party Entertainers </Li> <Li> Billie Green -- Party Entertainers </Li> <Li> Tink Bruce -- Herself </Li> <Li> Sandy McClure -- Best entertainers </Li> <Li> Tim Chown -- Best entertainers </Li> <Li> Louise Gold -- Funella Furchester </Li> <Li> Elaine Mackenzie - Ellis -- Granny Justina </Li> <Li> Highwaymen Drum Corps -- Themselves </Li> <Li> Rebecca Keatley -- Herself </Li> <Li> Sidney Sloane -- Himself </Li> <Li> Vicki Lane -- Staff Members </Li> <Li> Darren Johnson -- Staff Members </Li> <Li> Gemma Hunt -- Herself </Li> <Li> Ella Kenion -- Captain Sinker </Li> <Li> Michael J Fitch -- Himself </Li> <Li> Saul Eisenberg -- Junkman </Li> <Li> Joesph Elliot -- Cook </Li> <Li> Richard David - Caine -- Line & Ooogie boogie plant </Li> <Li> Paul Hawkyard </Li> <Li> Cat Sandion -- Herself </Li> <Li> James Lyons Neil Sterenberg -- Himself </Li> <Li> Callum Donnelly -- Cake Experts & Oddbod Alien 1 </Li> <Li> Richard Franks -- Cake Experts & Oddbod Alien 2 </Li> <Li> Robin Hatcher -- Cake Experts & Oddbod Alien 3 </Li> <Li> Glamba </Li> <Li> Dr Maggie Aderin - Pocock -- Herself </Li> <Li> Lindley Junior School Choir -- North Pole Elf Choir </Li> <Li> UKCF Acrobats -- Stunt Tumblers </Li> <Li> Felix Forbes - McNeil -- Little Justin </Li> <Li> Freddie Stabb -- Iris Shutterspeed </Li> <Li> Martin Roberts -- Himself </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Justin 's House '' . IMDB . Retrieved 26 February 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Justin 's House -- CBeebies </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This BBC - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justin%27s_House&oldid=811950276 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> BBC stubs </Li> <Li> CBeebies </Li> <Li> 2011 British television programme debuts </Li> <Li> Television programs featuring puppetry </Li> <Li> BBC children 's television programmes </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from September 2014 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Use British English from January 2014 </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from December 2012 </Li> <Li> Pages using infobox television with editor parameter </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 25 November 2017 , at 00 : 25 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In the TV show "Justin's House", the character Reggie the Robot is played by

Who plays reggie the robot in justin's house?

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a person or video camera located above the table and sometimes concealed behind one - way glass . The eye in the sky usually makes a video recording of the table , which helps in resolving disputes and identifying dealer mistakes , and is also used to protect the casino against dealers who steal chips or players who cheat . The recording can further be used to identify advantage players whose activities , while legal , make them undesirable customers . In the event of a disagreement between a player 's hand signals and their words , the hand signal takes precedence . </P> <P> Each hand may normally `` hit '' as many times as desired so long as the total is not above hard 20 . On reaching 21 ( including soft 21 ) , the hand is normally required to stand ; busting is an irrevocable loss and the players ' wagers are immediately forfeited to the house . After a bust or a stand , play proceeds to the next hand clockwise around the table . When the last hand has finished being played , the dealer reveals the hole card , and stands or draws further cards according to the rules of the game for dealer drawing . When the outcome of the dealer 's hand is established , any hands with bets remaining on the table are resolved ( usually in counterclockwise order ) : bets on losing hands are forfeited , the bet on a push is left on the table , and winners are paid out . </P> <H3> Insurance ( edit ) </H3> <P> If the dealer 's upcard is an ace , the player is offered the option of taking `` insurance '' before the dealer checks the hole card . </P> <P> Insurance is a side bet that the dealer has blackjack and is treated independently of the main wager . It pays 2 : 1 ( meaning that the player receives two dollars for every dollar bet ) and is available when the dealer 's exposed card is an ace . The idea is that the dealer 's second card has a fairly high probability ( nearly one - third ) to be ten - valued , giving the dealer blackjack and disappointment for the player . It is attractive ( although not necessarily wise ) for the player to insure against the possibility of a dealer blackjack by making a maximum `` insurance '' bet , in which case the `` insurance proceeds '' will make up for the concomitant loss on the original bet . The player may add up to half the value of their original bet to the insurance and these extra chips are placed on a portion of the table usually marked `` Insurance pays 2 to 1 '' . </P> <P> Players with a blackjack may also take insurance , and in taking maximum insurance they commit themselves to winning an amount exactly equal to their main wager , regardless of the dealer 's outcome . Fully insuring a blackjack against blackjack is thus referred to as `` taking even money '' , and paid out immediately , before the dealer 's hand is resolved ; the players do not need to place more chips for the insurance wager . </P> <P> Insurance bets are expected to lose money in the long run , because the dealer is likely to have blackjack less than one - third of the time . However the insurance outcome is strongly anti-correlated with that of the main wager , and if the player 's priority is to reduce variation , they might choose to pay for this . </P> <P> Furthermore , the insurance bet is susceptible to advantage play . It is advantageous to make an insurance bet whenever the hole card has more than a chance of one in three of being a ten . Advantage play techniques can sometimes identify such situations . In a multi-hand , face - up , single deck game , it is possible to establish whether insurance is a good bet simply by observing the other cards on the table after the deal ; even if there are just 2 player hands exposed , and neither of their two initial cards is a ten , then 16 in 47 of the remaining cards are tens , which is larger than 1 in 3 , so insurance is a good bet . This is an elementary example of the family of advantage play techniques known as card counting . </P> <P> Bets to insure against blackjack are slightly less likely to be advantageous than insurance bets in general , since the ten in the player 's blackjack makes it less likely that the dealer has blackjack too . </P> <H2> Rule variations and effects on house edge ( edit ) </H2> <P> Note : where changes in the house edge due to changes in the rules are stated in percentage terms , the difference is usually stated here in percentage points , not percentage ; strictly speaking if , say , an edge of 10 % is reduced to 9 % , the amount is reduced by ten percent , or by one percentage point . </P> Doubling down . The third card is placed at right angles to signify that the player can not receive any more cards . <P> The rules of casino blackjack are generally determined by law or regulation , which establishes certain rule variations allowed at the discretion of the casino . The rules of any particular game are generally posted on or near the table , failing which there is an expectation that casino staff will provide them on request . Over 100 variations of blackjack have been documented . </P> <P> As with all casino games , blackjack incorporates a `` house edge '' , a statistical advantage for the casino that is built into the game . The advantage of the dealer 's position in blackjack relative to the player comes from the fact that if the player busts , the player loses , regardless of whether the dealer subsequently busts . Nonetheless , blackjack players using basic strategy will lose less than 1 % of their total wagered amount with strictly average luck ; this is very favorable to the player compared to other casino games . The loss rate of players who deviate from basic strategy through ignorance is generally expected to be greater . </P> <Ul> <Li> Dealer hits soft 17 </Li> </Ul> A `` soft 17 '' in blackjack . An ace and any combination of 6 . <Dl> <Dd> Each game has a rule about whether the dealer must hit or stand on soft 17 , which is generally printed on the table surface . The variation where the dealer must hit soft 17 is abbreviated `` H17 '' in blackjack literature , with `` S17 '' used for the stand - on - soft - 17 variation . Substituting an `` H17 '' rule with an `` S17 '' rule in a game benefits the player , decreasing the house edge by about 0.2 % . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Number of decks </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> All things being equal , using fewer decks decreases the house edge . This mainly reflects an increased likelihood of player blackjack , since if the players draws a ten on their first card , the subsequent probability of drawing an ace is higher with fewer decks . It also reflects a decreased likelihood of blackjack - blackjack push in a game with fewer decks . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> Casinos generally compensate by tightening other rules in games with fewer decks , in order to preserve the house edge or discourage play altogether . When offering single deck blackjack games , casinos are more likely to disallow doubling on soft hands or after splitting , to restrict resplitting , require higher minimum bets , and to pay the player less than 3 : 2 for a winning blackjack . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> The following table illustrates the mathematical effect on the house edge of the number of decks , by considering games with various deck counts under the following ruleset : double after split allowed , resplit to four hands allowed , no hitting split aces , no surrender , double on any two cards , original bets only lost on dealer blackjack , dealer hits soft 17 , and cut - card used . The increase in house edge per unit increase in the number of decks is most dramatic when comparing the single deck game to the two - deck game , and becomes progressively smaller as more decks are added . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Number of decks </Th> <Th> House advantage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Single deck </Td> <Td> 0.17 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Double deck </Td> <Td> 0.46 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Four decks </Td> <Td> 0.60 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Six decks </Td> <Td> 0.64 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eight decks </Td> <Td> 0.65 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Late / early surrender </Dt> </Dl> <P> Surrender , for those games that allow it , is usually not permitted against a dealer blackjack ; if the dealer 's first card is an ace or ten , the hole card is checked to make sure there is no blackjack before surrender is offered . This rule protocol is consequently known as `` late '' surrender . The alternative , `` early '' surrender , gives player the option to surrender before the dealer checks for blackjack , or in a no - hole - card game . Early surrender is much more favorable to the player than late surrender . Most medium - strength hands should be surrendered against a dealer Ace if the hole card has not been checked . </P> <P> For late surrender , however , while it is tempting to opt for surrender on any hand which will probably lose , the correct strategy is to only surrender on the very worst hands , because having even a one in four chance of winning the full bet is better than losing half the bet and pushing the other half , as entailed by surrendering . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Resplitting </Dt> <Dd> If the cards of a post-split hand have the same value , most games allow the player to split again , or `` resplit '' . The player places a further wager and the dealer separates the new pair dealing a further card to each as before . Some games allow unlimited resplitting , while others may limit it to a certain number of hands , such as four hands ( for example , `` resplit to 4 '' ) . </Dd> <Dt> Hit / resplit split aces </Dt> <Dd> After splitting aces , the common rule is that only one card will be dealt to each ace ; the player can not split , double , or take another hit on either hand . Rule variants include allowing resplitting aces or allowing the player to hit split aces . Games allowing aces to be resplit are not uncommon , but those allowing the player to hit split aces are extremely rare . Allowing the player to hit hands resulting from split aces reduces the house edge by about 0.13 % ; allowing resplitting of aces reduces house edge by about 0.03 % . Note that a ten - value card dealt on a split ace ( or vice versa ) is a `` soft 21 '' and not a `` natural '' . </Dd> <Dt> No double after split </Dt> <Dd> After a split , most games allow doubling down on the new two - card hands . Disallowing doubling after a split increases the house edge by about 0.12 % . </Dd> <Dt> Double on 9 / 10 / 11 or 10 / 11 only </Dt> <Dd> Under the `` Reno rule '' , double down is only permitted on hard totals of 9 , 10

The dealer's advantage in blackjack lies in the fact that

What advantage does the dealer have in blackjack?

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1611 ; 1623 -- 1640 ; 1644 -- 1654 ; and 1664 -- 1667 . Subsequent outbreaks , though severe , marked the retreat from most of Europe ( 18th century ) and northern Africa ( 19th century ) . According to Geoffrey Parker , `` France alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628 -- 31 . '' </P> <P> In England , in the absence of census figures , historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300 , and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million . By the end of 1350 , the Black Death subsided , but it never really died out in England . Over the next few hundred years , further outbreaks occurred in 1361 -- 1362 , 1369 , 1379 -- 1383 , 1389 -- 1393 , and throughout the first half of the 15th century . An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10 -- 15 % of the population , while the death rate of the plague of 1479 -- 1480 could have been as high as 20 % . The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498 , 1535 , 1543 , 1563 , 1589 , 1603 , 1625 , and 1636 , and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665 . </P> Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771 : During the course of the city 's plague , between 50,000 and 100,000 people died , ​ ⁄ to ​ ⁄ of its population . <P> In 1466 , perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris . During the 16th and 17th centuries , the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time . The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia , where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 and 1490 . Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563 , 1593 , 1603 , 1625 , 1636 , and 1665 , reducing its population by 10 to 30 % during those years . Over 10 % of Amsterdam 's population died in 1623 -- 1625 , and again in 1635 -- 1636 , 1655 , and 1664 . Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528 . The plague of 1576 -- 1577 killed 50,000 in Venice , almost a third of the population . Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629 -- 1631 , which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years ' War , and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679 . Over 60 % of Norway 's population died in 1348 -- 1350 . The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654 . </P> <P> In the first half of the 17th century , a plague claimed some 1.7 million victims in Italy , or about 14 % of the population . In 1656 , the plague killed about half of Naples ' 300,000 inhabitants . More than 1.25 million deaths resulted from the extreme incidence of plague in 17th - century Spain . The plague of 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half . In 1709 -- 1713 , a plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War ( 1700 -- 1721 , Sweden v. Russia and allies ) killed about 100,000 in Sweden , and 300,000 in Prussia . The plague killed two - thirds of the inhabitants of Helsinki , and claimed a third of Stockholm 's population . Europe 's last major epidemic occurred in 1720 in Marseille . </P> Worldwide distribution of plague - infected animals 1998 <P> The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world . Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850 . Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa . Algiers lost 30,000 -- 50,000 inhabitants to it in 1620 -- 1621 , and again in 1654 -- 1657 , 1665 , 1691 , and 1740 -- 1742 . Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century . Between 1701 and 1750 , thirty - seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople , and an additional thirty - one between 1751 and 1800 . Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague , and sometimes two - thirds of its population has been wiped out . </P> <H3> Third plague pandemic </H3> Main article : Third plague pandemic <P> The third plague pandemic ( 1855 -- 1859 ) started in China in the mid-19th century , spreading to all inhabited continents and killing 10 million people in India alone . Twelve plague outbreaks in Australia between 1900 and 1925 resulted in well over 1,000 deaths , chiefly in Sydney . This led to the establishment of a Public Health Department there which undertook some leading - edge research on plague transmission from rat fleas to humans via the bacillus Yersinia pestis . </P> <P> The first North American plague epidemic was the San Francisco plague of 1900 -- 1904 , followed by another outbreak in 1907 -- 1908 . From 1944 through 1993 , 362 cases of human plague were reported in the United States ; approximately 90 % occurred in four western states : Arizona , California , Colorado , and New Mexico . </P> <P> Modern treatment methods include insecticides , the use of antibiotics , and a plague vaccine . The plague bacterium could develop drug resistance and again become a major health threat . One case of a drug - resistant form of the bacterium was found in Madagascar in 1995 . A further outbreak in Madagascar was reported in November 2014 . In October 2017 the deadliest outbreak of the plague in modern times hit Madagascar , killing 170 people and infecting thousands . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Names </H2> <P> The 12th - century French physician Gilles de Corbeil 's On the Signs and Symptoms of Diseases ( Latin : De signis et sinthomatibus egritudinum ) uses the phrase `` black death '' ( atra mors ) to refer to a pestilential fever ( febris pestilentialis ) . </P> <P> Writers contemporary with the plague referred to the event as the `` Great Mortality '' or the `` Great Plague '' . </P> <P> The phrase `` black death '' ( mors nigra ) was used in 1350 by Simon de Covino or Couvin , a Belgian astronomer , who wrote the poem `` On the Judgment of the Sun at a Feast of Saturn '' ( De judicio Solis in convivio Saturni ) , which attributes the plague to a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn . In 1908 , Gasquet claimed that use of the name atra mors for the 14th - century epidemic first appeared in a 1631 book on Danish history by J. I. Pontanus : `` Commonly and from its effects , they called it the black death '' ( Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant ) . The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany , gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th - century epidemic as a proper name . In England , it was not until 1823 , that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death . </P> <H2> See also </H2> <Ul> <Li> Black Death ( film ) </Li> <Li> Black Death in England </Li> <Li> CCR5 , a human gene hypothesised to be associated with the plague </Li> <Li> Crisis of the Late Middle Ages </Li> <Li> Cronaca fiorentina ( Chronicle of Florence ) ; a literary history of the plague , and of Florence up to 1386 , by Baldassarre Bonaiuti </Li> <Li> Danse Macabre </Li> <Li> Death </Li> <Li> Doomsday Book ( novel ) , a science fiction novel written by Connie Willis </Li> <Li> Four thieves vinegar ; a popular French legend saying this recipe provided immunity to the plague </Li> <Li> Geisslerlieder </Li> <Li> Globalization and disease </Li> <Li> Last outbreak of bubonic plague in England ( 1906 -- 1918 ) </Li> <Li> Plague doctor </Li> <Li> Plague doctor costume </Li> <Li> Ring a Ring o ' Roses </Li> <Li> The Seventh Seal , a film directed by Ingmar Bergman </Li> <Li> Timeline of plague </Li> </Ul> <H2> References </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : ABC / Reuters ( 29 January 2008 ) . `` Black death ' discriminated ' between victims ( ABC News in Science ) '' . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 3 November 2008 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Health . De-coding the Black Death '' . BBC . 3 October 2001 . Retrieved 3 November 2008 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Black Death 's Gene Code Cracked '' . Wired. 3 October 2001 . Retrieved 12 February 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Plague '' . World Health Organization . October 2017 . Retrieved 8 November 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` BBC -- History -- Black Death '' . BBC . 17 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Austin Alchon , Suzanne ( 2003 ) . A pest in the land : new world epidemics in a global perspective . University of New Mexico Press . p. 21 . ISBN 0 - 8263 - 2871 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Historical Estimates of World Population '' . Census.gov . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wheeler , Dr. L. Kip . `` The Black Plague : The Least You Need to Know '' . Dr. Wheeler 's website . Dr. L. Kip Wheeler . Retrieved 9 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jay , Peter ( July 17 , 2000 ) . `` A Distant Mirror '' . TIME Europe . 156 ( 3 ) . Archived from the original on July 25 , 2008 . Retrieved January 25 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ziegler 1998 , p. 25 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Tignor , Adelman , Brown , Elman , Liu , Pittman , Shaw , Robert , Jeremy , Peter , Benjamin , Xinru , Holly , Brent ( 2014 ) . Worlds Together , Worlds Apart , Volume 1 : Beginnings to the 15th Century . New York , London : W.W Norton & Company . p. 407 . ISBN 9780393922080 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Raoult ; Drancourt ( 2008 ) . `` Paleomicrobiology : Past Human Infections '' . Springer : 152 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nicholas Wade ( 31 October 2010 ) . `` Europe 's Plagues Came From China , Study Finds '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 November 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Cambridge History of China : Alien regimes and border states , 907 -- 1368 , p. 585 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kohn , George C. ( 2008 ) . Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence : from ancient times to the present . Infobase Publishing . p. 31 . ISBN 0 - 8160 - 6935 - 2 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sussman GD ( 2011 ) . `` Was the black death in India and China ? '' . Bulletin of the history of medicine . 85 ( 3 ) : 319 -- 55 . doi : 10.1353 / bhm. 2011.0054 . PMID 22080795 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Black Death may have originated in China '' . The Daily Telegraph . 1 November 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hecker 1859 , p. 21 cited by Ziegler , p. 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Channel 4 -- History -- The Black Death '' . Channel 4 . Archived from the original on 25 June 2008 . Retrieved 3

The origin of the term "Black Death" can be traced back to the writings of

Where did the name black death come from?

2519462085151949250

high floods can delay traffic in areas which lack elevated roadways . Floods can interfere with drainage and economical use of lands , such as interfering with farming . Structural damage can occur in bridge abutments , bank lines , sewer lines , and other structures within floodways . Waterway navigation and hydroelectric power are often impaired . Financial losses due to floods are typically millions of dollars each year , with the worst floods in recent U.S. history having cost billions of dollars . </P> <H3> Benefits of flooding ( edit ) </H3> <P> There are many disruptive effects of flooding on human settlements and economic activities . However , flooding can bring benefits , such as making soil more fertile and providing nutrients in which it is deficient . Periodic flooding was essential to the well - being of ancient communities along the Tigris - Euphrates Rivers , the Nile River , the Indus River , the Ganges and the Yellow River , among others . The viability for hydrologically based renewable sources of energy is higher in flood - prone regions . </P> <H2> Detection ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is the method used for remote sensing the disasters . Detection of disasters such as floods , earthquakes , and explosions are quite complex in previous days and range of detection is inappropriate . But , it came to possibilities by using Multi temporal visualization of Synthetic Aperture Radar ( SAR ) images . But to obtain the good SAR images perfect spatial registration and very precise calibration are necessary to specify changes that have occurred . Calibration of SAR is very complex and also a sensitive problem . Possibly errors may occur after calibration that involves data fusion and visualization process . Traditional image pre-processing can not be used here due to the on - Gaussian of radar back scattering , but a processing method called `` cross calibration / normalization '' is used to solve this problem . The application generates a single disaster image called `` fast - ready disaster map '' from multitemporal SAR images . These maps are generated without user interaction and helps in providing immediate first aid to the people . This process also provides image enhancement and comparison between numerous images using data fusion and visualization process . This proposed processing includes filtering , histogram truncation and equalization steps . The process also helps in identifying the permanent waters and other classes by combined composition of pre-disaster and post-disaster images into a color image for better identity . </P> <H2> Methods of controlling floods ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some methods of flood control have been practiced since ancient times . These methods include planting vegetation to retain extra water , terracing hillsides to slow flow downhill , and the construction of floodways ( man - made channels to divert floodwater ) . Other techniques include the construction of levees , lakes , dams , reservoirs , retention ponds to hold extra water during times of flooding . </P> <H3> Dams ( edit ) </H3> <P> Many dams and their associated reservoirs are designed completely or partially to aid in flood protection and control . Many large dams have flood - control reservations in which the level of a reservoir must be kept below a certain elevation before the onset of the rainy / summer melt season to allow a certain amount of space in which floodwaters can fill . The term dry dam refers to a dam that serves purely for flood control without any conservation storage ( e.g. Mount Morris Dam , Seven Oaks Dam ) . </P> <H3> Diversion canals ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Flood control channel <P> Floods can be controlled by redirecting excess water to purpose - built canals or floodways , which in turn divert the water to temporary holding ponds or other bodies of water where there is a lower risk or impact to flooding . Examples of flood control channels include the Red River Floodway that protects the City of Winnipeg ( Canada ) and the Manggahan Floodway that protects the City of Manila ( Philippines ) . </P> <H3> Floodplains and groundwater replenishment ( edit ) </H3> <P> Excess water can be used for groundwater replenishment by diversion onto land that can absorb the water . This technique can reduce the impact of later droughts by using the ground as a natural reservoir . It is being used in California , where orchards and vineyards can be flooded without damaging crops , or in other places wilderness areas have been re-engineered to act as floodplains . </P> <H3> River defences ( edit ) </H3> <P> In many countries , rivers are prone to floods and are often carefully managed . Defenses such as levees , bunds , reservoirs , and weirs are used to prevent rivers from bursting their banks . </P> <P> A weir , also known as a lowhead dam , is most often used to create millponds , but on the Humber River in Toronto , a weir was built near Raymore Drive to prevent a recurrence of the flood damage caused by Hurricane Hazel in October 1954 . </P> <H3> Coastal defenses ( edit ) </H3> <P> Coastal flooding has been addressed in Europe and the Americas with coastal defences , such as sea walls , beach nourishment , and barrier islands . </P> <P> Tide gates are used in conjunction with dykes and culverts . They can be placed at the mouth of streams or small rivers , where an estuary begins or where tributary streams , or drainage ditches connect to sloughs . Tide gates close during incoming tides to prevent tidal waters from moving upland , and open during outgoing tides to allow waters to drain out via the culvert and into the estuary side of the dike . The opening and closing of the gates is driven by a difference in water level on either side of the gate . </P> <H3> Self - closing flood barrier ( edit ) </H3> <P> The self - closing flood barrier ( SCFB ) is a flood defense system designed to protect people and property from inland waterway floods caused by heavy rainfall , gales or rapid melting snow . The SCFB can be built to protect residential properties and whole communities , as well as industrial or other strategic areas . The barrier system is constantly ready to deploy in a flood situation , it can be installed in any length and uses the rising flood water to deploy . Barrier systems have already been built and installed in Belgium , Italy , Ireland , the Netherlands , Thailand , United Kingdom , Vietnam , Australia , Russia and the United States . Millions of documents at the National Archives building in Washington DC are protected by two SCFBs . </P> <H3> Temporary perimeter barriers ( edit ) </H3> <P> When permanent defenses fail , emergency measures such as sandbags , hydrosacks , Floodstop flood barriers or portable inflatable tubes are used . </P> <P> In 1988 , a method of using water to control was discovered . This was accomplished by containing 2 parallel tubes within a third outer tube . When filled , this structure formed a non-rolling wall of water that can control 80 percent of its height in external water depth , with dry ground behind it . Eight foot tall water filled barriers were used to surround Fort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station during the 2011 Missouri River Flooding . Instead of trucking in sandbag material for a flood , stacking it , then trucking it out to a hazmat disposal site , flood control can be accomplished by using the on site water . However , these are not fool proof . A 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) high 2,000 feet ( 610 m ) long water filled rubber flood berm that surrounded portions of the plant was punctured by a skid - steer loader and it collapsed flooding a portion of the facility . </P> <P> In 1999 , A group of Norwegian Engineers founded and patented Aquafence . A transportable , removable , and reusable flood barrier which uses the water 's weight against itself . In 2013 , AquaFence was awarded the highest level USA ANSI Certification after more than one year of testing of the system by US ARMY Corps of Engineers as well as parts testing and production review by FM Global . Both commercial and municipal customers spanning across The United States of America , Europe and Asia . In the US alone , AquaFence removable flood panels are protecting more than $10 billion worth of real estate as well as cities and public utilities . </P> <P> A similar technology is the Water-Gate Flood barrier , a rapid - response barrier which can be rolled out in a matter of minutes . It is unique in the way that it self deploys using the weight of water to hold it back . The product has been FM Approved following testing from the US Army . It is used in 30 countries around the world , and notably by the Environment Agency in the UK . </P> <H2> Hazard reduction ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Strategic retreat ( edit ) </H3> <P> One way of reducing the damage caused by flooding is to remove buildings from flood - prone areas , leaving them as parks or returning them to wilderness . Floodplain buyout programs have been operated in places like New Jersey ( both before and after Hurricane Sandy ) , Charlotte , North Carolina , and Missouri . </P> <P> In the United States , FEMA produces flood insurance rate maps that identify areas of future risk , enabling local governments to apply zoning regulations to prevent or minimize property damage . </P> <H3> Resilience ( edit ) </H3> <P> Buildings and other urban infrastructure can be designed so that even if a flood does happen , the city can recover quickly and costs are minimized . For example , homes can be put on stilts , electrical and HVAC equipment can be put on the roof instead of in the basement , and subway entrances and tunnels can have built - in movable water barriers . New York City began a substantial effort to plan and build for flood reslience after Hurricane Sandy . </P> <H2> Flood control by continent ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Americas ( edit ) </H3> <P> An elaborate system of flood way defenses can be found in the Canadian province of Manitoba . The Red River flows northward from the United States , passing through the city of Winnipeg ( where it meets the Assiniboine River ) and into Lake Winnipeg . As is the case with all north - flowing rivers in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere , snow melt in southern sections may cause river levels to rise before northern sections have had a chance to completely thaw . This can lead to devastating flooding , as occurred in Winnipeg during the spring of 1950 . To protect the city from future floods , the Manitoba government undertook the construction of a massive system of diversions , dikes , and flood ways ( including the Red River Floodway and the Portage Diversion ) . The system kept Winnipeg safe during the 1997 flood which devastated many communities upriver from Winnipeg , including Grand Forks , North Dakota and Ste . Agathe , Manitoba . </P> <P> In the United States , the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is the lead flood control agency . After Hurricane Sandy , New York City 's Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ) initiated multiple flood barrier projects to protect the transit assets in Manhattan . In one case , the MTA 's New York City Transit Authority ( NYCT ) sealed subway entrances in lower Manhattan using a deployable fabric cover system called Flex-Gate , a system that protects the subway entrances against 14 feet ( 4.3 m ) of water . Extreme storm flood protection levels have been

A barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water is called

A barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water?

-1348423936083285628

Nest Learning Thermostat - wikipedia <H1> Nest Learning Thermostat </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Nest Learning Thermostat <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The nest thermostat 's front screen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer </Th> <Td> Nest Labs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Smart thermostat </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The nest learning thermostat is a smart thermostat developed by Nest Labs and designed by Tony Fadell , Ben Filson , and Fred Bould . The device is an electronic , programmable , and self - learning Wi - Fi - enabled thermostat that optimizes heating and cooling of homes and businesses to conserve energy . It is based on a machine learning algorithm : for the first weeks users have to regulate the thermostat in order to provide the reference data set . Nest can then learn people 's schedule , at which temperature they are used to and when . Using built - in sensors and phones ' locations it can shift into energy saving mode when it realizes nobody is at home . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Specifications <Ul> <Li> 1.1 SKUs / Model numbers </Li> <Li> 1.2 Hardware </Li> <Li> 1.3 Software </Li> <Li> 1.4 Weave </Li> <Li> 1.5 Availability </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Specifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Device Photo </Th> <Th> Version </Th> <Th> Released </Th> <Th> Wi - Fi </Th> <Th> 802.15. 4 </Th> <Th> 24 V </Th> <Th> 120 -- 240 V </Th> <Th> Multiple Zones </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 Stage Cooling </Th> <Th> 1 -- 3 Stage Heating </Th> <Th> Forced Air </Th> <Th> Radiant </Th> <Th> Heat Pump </Th> <Th> Oil </Th> <Th> Gas </Th> <Th> Electric </Th> <Th> Hybrid Systems </Th> <Th> Humidistat </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1.10 </Td> <Td> Q4 2011 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Single Stage Only </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 stage only </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1.12 </Td> <Td> Q1 2012 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Single Stage Only </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 stage only </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> Q3 2012 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Both </Td> <Td> All </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> <Td> Q3 2013 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Both </Td> <Td> All </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5.4 </Td> <Td> Q4 2015 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Both </Td> <Td> All </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Q3 2017 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Both </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 stage only </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Note Gen E can support two - stage cooling OR two - stage heating OR heatpump due to a shared multi-use terminal . </Li> </Ul> <H3> SKUs / Model numbers ( edit ) </H3> See also : Stock keeping unit <Ul> <Li> T100577 is 1st Generation , released only in the US </Li> <Li> T200377 is 2nd Generation , UK release </Li> <Li> T200477 is 2nd Generation , Canada release </Li> <Li> T200577 is 2nd Generation , US release </Li> <Li> T200677 is 2nd Generation , France , Netherlands , and Belgium release </Li> <Li> T3007ES is 3rd Generation , US release </Li> <Li> T3010FD is 3rd Generation , France release </Li> <Li> T3010GB is 3rd Generation , UK release </Li> <Li> T3016US is 3rd Generation - black ring , US release </Li> <Li> T3017US is 3rd Generation - white ring , US release </Li> <Li> T3021US is 3rd Generation - copper ring , US release </Li> <Li> T4000ES is Thermostat E , US release </Li> </Ul> <P> T200477 and T200577 are technically the same T200377 and T200677 are technically the same , except for the power plug used for the USB charger </P> <H3> Hardware ( edit ) </H3> The Nest Thermostat 's front screen <Table> <Tr> <Th> Generation </Th> <Th> Release Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> October 25 , 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> October 2 , 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> September 1 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> August 31 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Nest Learning Thermostat showing weather 's impact on energy usage <P> Nest is compatible with most standard HVAC systems that use central heating and cooling and uses industry standard connections to facilitate the control of these appliances . </P> <P> Nest consists of two primary pieces of hardware . The display contains the main printed circuit board ( PCB ) and rotating ring , and the base ( pictured ) houses the connection terminals , bubble level , and holes for wall anchors . Neither can function independently ; if separated , the display becomes inactive until reconnected to the base . </P> <P> A special version of Nest is available in Europe , which is capable of controlling 120 -- 240 V heating systems . The Nest is paired with a `` Heat Link '' device , which contains the circuitry required for controlling the mains - voltage heating system . </P> <H3> Software ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Nest Thermostat is built around an operating system that allows interaction with the thermostat via spinning and clicking of its control wheel , which brings up option menus for switching from heating to cooling , access to device settings , energy history , and scheduling . Users can control Nest without a touch screen or other input device . As the thermostat is connected to the Internet , the company can push updates to fix bugs , improve performance and add additional features . For updates to occur automatically , the thermostat must be connected to Wi ‐ Fi and the battery must have at least a 3.7 V charge to give enough power to complete the download and installation of the update . </P> <P> The Nest Thermostat has had a number of software updates . A recent security update enables two factor authentication . </P> <P> Many have commented on the company 's `` Nest Community '' regarding the lack of prominent display of the current temperature . </P> <P> The operating system itself is based on Linux 2.6. 37 and many other free software components . To comply with the terms of the GPLv3 license under which some components are available , Nest Labs also provides a special firmware image which will unlock the system so that it will accept unsigned firmware images . While the thermostat software by Nest Labs itself remains proprietary , a third party has reimplemented the basic logic in an open source replacement called FreeAbode . </P> <H3> Weave ( edit ) </H3> <P> Nest devices interconnect with each other using a protocol called Weave , which is based on IEEE 802.15. 4 and Wi - Fi 802.11 b / g / n . </P> <H3> Availability ( edit ) </H3> <P> Nest is available for sale in the United States , Canada , Mexico , the United Kingdom , Belgium , France , Ireland , the Netherlands , Germany , Austria , Italy , and Spain . It is , however , compatible with many heating and cooling automation systems in other countries . Nest Labs have surveyed existing users known to be outside the areas where it is officially available . Use of the thermostat outside the United States and Canada is complicated by the software setting time and other functions based on the ZIP code . For international users this means they must either disable Wi ‐ Fi to set the time correctly or use the nearest U.S. zipcode which may result in erratic behavior as the thermostat makes faulty assumptions about inactivity corresponding with either sleep or the home 's occupants being away . </P> <P> In 2013 a man - in - the - middle hack potentially allowed worldwide users to set up their timezone and local weather . </P> <P> In an effort to increase the number of homes using their learning thermostats , Nest began to partner with energy companies . In February 2014 , Direct Energy and Nest laboratories launched their Comfort and Control plan . The plan allowed Canadian customers in Alberta to receive a learning thermostat when they signed up for a five - year electricity contract . In April 2014 , Nest announced a partnership with the United Kingdom energy supplier nPower . The partnership offers customers a cut on the Nest installation price and locked energy prices for 5 years , when customers receive both gas and electricity from nPower and paying with direct debit . In June 2014 , Direct Energy and Nest Laboratories expanded the package to Direct Energy 's United States market . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Yarrow , Jay . `` Meet The Unknown Genius Who Helped Design The $3.2 Billion Nest Thermostat And Smoke Detector '' . Business Insider . Retrieved 8 November 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pogue , David ( November 30 , 2011 ) . `` A Thermostat That 's Clever , Not Clunky '' . New York Times . Retrieved October 9 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Commons , Marcela Gara / Resource Media via Creative . `` In Illinois , smart thermostats seen as key energy management tool '' . Midwest Energy News . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Meet the Nest Learning Thermostat '' . Nest . Retrieved 2016 - 03 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` What is Nest ? '' . CNET . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 3rd Generation Nest Learning Thermostat Introduces High - Resolution Screen , Slimmer Profile '' . nest.com . September 1 , 2015 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nest Learning Thermostat , 3rd Generation '' . amazon.com . September 1 , 2015 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nest Learning Thermostat Troisième Génération '' . amazon.fr . November 16 , 2015 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 3rd Generation Nest Learning Thermostat Now Available in Europe '' . nest.com . November 17 , 2015 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nest Learning Thermostat , 3rd Generation '' . amazon.co.uk . November 17 , 2015 . Retrieved 2015 - 11 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://nest.com/blog/2016/09/08/saving-energy-never-goes-out-of-style/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nest Expands Thermostat Line to Bring Energy Savings to More Homes with Nest Thermostat E '' . nest.com . August 30 , 2017 . Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nest Thermostat E

The Nest 3rd generation was released on

When did the nest 3rd generation come out?

-1634190793035608785

In contrast with the 1961 film , none of the animals talk in this version . </P> <P> 101 Dalmatians was released on November 27 , 1996 and was praised for its faithfulness to the animated classic . It received mixed reviews , but was a commercial success , grossing $320.6 million in theaters against a $75 million budget . Close , who was universally praised for her portrayal as Cruella de Vil , was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical , but lost to Madonna in Evita . The film was also nominated for a BAFTA award for best makeup effects . A sequel , 102 Dalmatians , was released on November 22 , 2000 with Close and McInnerny reprising their roles . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Home media </Li> <Li> 4.3 Video game </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Sequels </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> American video game designer Roger Dearly ( Jeff Daniels ) lives with his pet dalmatian Pongo in London . One day , Pongo sets his eyes on a beautiful female dalmatian named Perdy . After a frantic chase through the streets of London that ends in St. James 's Park , Roger discovers that Pongo likes Perdy . Her owner , Anita Campbell - Green ( Joely Richardson ) falls in love with Roger when they meet . They both fall into the lake as a result of their dogs chasing each other , but they return to Roger 's home and Anita accepts his proposal . They get married along with Perdita and Pongo . Anita works as a fashion designer at the House of de Vil . Her boss , the pampered and very glamorous Cruella de Vil ( Glenn Close ) , has a deep passion for fur , going so far as to have a taxidermist , Mr Skinner , skin a white tiger at the London Zoo to make it into a rug for her . Anita , inspired by her dalmatian , designs a coat made with spotted fur . Cruella is intrigued by the idea of making garments out of actual dalmatians , and finds it amusing that it would seem as if she was wearing Anita 's dog . </P> <P> Anita soon discovers that Perdy is pregnant and is then informed by Nanny ( Joan Plowright ) that she ( Anita ) is , too , much to her shock . Some time later , Cruella visits their home and expresses contempt upon meeting Roger . Her initial disgust at them having a baby turns to excitement when she finds out Perdy is expecting too . Several weeks later , she returns when a litter of 15 puppies are born and offers Roger and Anita £ 7,500 for them , but they declined her offer . Enraged , Cruella fires Anita and vows revenge against her and Roger . One winter evening , she has her henchmen , Jasper and Horace ( Hugh Laurie and Mark Williams ) break into their home and steal the puppies , while Roger and Anita are walking in the park with Pongo and Perdy . Along with 84 other dalmatians that were previously stolen , they deliver them to her ancient country estate , De Vil Mansion . Cruella also hires Skinner to kill and skin them to create her coat . </P> <P> With the family devastated at the loss of their puppies , Pongo uses the twilight bark to carry the message via the dogs and other animals of Britain , while Roger and Anita notify the Metropolitan Police . A dog who had witnessed the stolen puppies follows Jasper and Horace to the mansion , and finds all of them inside , before helping them escape under the duo 's noses . They make their way to a nearby farm , where they are later joined by Pongo and Perdy . Cruella arrives at the mansion and soon discovers what has happened . Angry with the thieves ' failure , she decides to carry out the job herself , while Jasper and Horace attempt to search for them also . After several mishaps , Jasper and Horace discover nearby police on the hunt for Cruella and her henchmen and hand themselves in , joining Skinner who was beaten earlier while trying to kill Lucky ( one of the 15 puppies ) , who had been left behind . Meanwhile , Cruella tracks the puppies to the farm where they are hiding and tries to retrieve them . However , the animals outwit her , cause her to fall into a vat of molasses and get thrown through a window into a pig pen . Shortly afterwards , the fleeing dalmatians ( including Lucky ) are found and sent home via the Suffolk Constabulary , while those looking for Cruella arrive at the farm to arrest her . In the police van , she belittles Jasper , Horace , and Skinner for their incompetence before they are sprayed by a skunk which she had mistaken for her bag . Pongo , Perdy and their puppies are reunited with Roger and Anita . </P> <P> After being informed that the remaining 84 puppies have no home to go to , as they have not been claimed by their original owners , they decide to adopt them , bringing the total to 101 . Roger designs a successful video game featuring dalmatian puppies as the protagonists and Cruella as the villain and they move to the countryside with their millions . Roger and Anita have a baby daughter , and a year later Anita becomes pregnant again and the puppies grew up . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Glenn Close as Cruella De Vil </Li> <Li> Jeff Daniels as Roger Dearly </Li> <Li> Joely Richardson as Anita Campbell - Green - Dearly </Li> <Li> Joan Plowright as Nanny The Housekeeper </Li> <Li> Hugh Laurie as Jasper </Li> <Li> Mark Williams as Horace </Li> <Li> Tim McInnerny as Alonzo </Li> <Li> John Shrapnel as Mr. Skinner </Li> <Li> Hugh Fraser as Frederick </Li> <Li> Zohren Weiss as Herbert </Li> <Li> Frank Welker as Pongo & Perdy ( voice ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The role of Cruella had been previously offered to Sigourney Weaver ( Close took it after finishing her run in the musical Sunset Boulevard ) . Cathy Moriarty was briefly considered for the role , but was later deemed too frightening for a children 's film after doing a screen test . The animatronic creatures used in the film are provided by Jim Henson 's Creature Shop . </P> <P> Minster Court was used as the exterior of Cruella De Vil 's fashion house . Sarum Chase was used as the exterior of her home . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> 101 Dalmatians was released on November 27 , 1996 . The UK premiere of the film was held on December 4 , 1996 , at the Royal Albert Hall , London , and the exterior of the Hall was lit with dalmatian spots . It grossed $136.2 million in the United States and $320.7 million worldwide . </P> <H3> Home media ( edit ) </H3> <P> 101 Dalmatians was released on VHS for the first time on April 15 , 1997 , and on DVD on December 12 , 2000 . Due to the high sales of the One Hundred and One Dalmatians Platinum Edition DVD , Disney re-released it on September 16 , 2008 , in the U.S. , along with its sequel , 102 Dalmatians and that to the original 1961 animated version , 101 Dalmatians II : Patch 's London Adventure . </P> <H3> Video game ( edit ) </H3> <P> A video game based on the film entitled 101 Dalmatians : Escape from DeVil Manor was released in May 1997 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> On review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes , it has an approval rating of 38 % and an average rating of 5.4 out of 10 from 33 reviews . Animal rights organizations protested the film 's release , saying that Dalmatian sales shot up after the premiere , fueled by impulsive purchases of puppies by parents for their children . Being ill - prepared to care for a relatively difficult breed of dog past puppy - hood , many of these new owners eventually surrendered their animals to pounds , where many dogs ended up being euthanized . </P> <H2> Sequels ( edit ) </H2> <P> A sequel , 102 Dalmatians , was released on November 22 , 2000 . The film 's early working title was 101 Dalmatians Returns . </P> <P> Disney is planning a live - action Cruella de Vil film origin story titled Cruella directed by Alex Timbers . Marc Platt and Andrew Gunn will produce ; Glenn Close is executive producer . Screenwriter Aline Brosh McKenna was set to write it , but Kelly Marcel replaced her . Emma Stone will play the eponymous role . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 101 Dalmatians '' . AFI Catalog of Feature Films . Retrieved September 16 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 101 Dalmatians '' . PowerGrid . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 101 Dalmatians ( 1996 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved November 5 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Golden Globes '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 101 Dalmatians ( 1996 ) '' . IMDb . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.creatureshop.com/productions_film.php Archived August 27 , 2013 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 101 Dalmatians filming locations '' . Movie-Locations.com . Retrieved 4 October 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Puig , Claudia ( December 2 , 1996 ) . `` ' 101 Dalmatians ' Nabs Top Spot '' . The Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 3 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 101 Dalmatians '' . Amazon . Retrieved March 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 101 Dalmatians Movie Reviews , Pictures '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 18 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Activists Protest Disney Dalmations '' . Cinema.com . August 30 , 2000 . Retrieved March 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( December 14 , 2016 ) . `` Disney 's Live - Action ' Cruella ' Finds Director '' . Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved December 14 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( 2011 - 11 - 17 ) . `` Disney Preps Live - Action Cruella de Vil Film ( Exclusive ) '' . Hollywoodreporter.com . Retrieved 2013 - 10 - 02 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Disney is making a live - action Cruella de Vil movie '' . Entertainment Weekly . 1 October 2013 . Retrieved 1 October 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Borys , Kit ( January 6 , 2016 ) . `` Emma Stone in Talks to Play Cruella de Vil for Disney ( Exclusive ) '' . Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved March 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Takeda , Allison ( April 26 , 2016 ) . `` Emma Stone as Cruella de Vil and More Live - Action Fairy - Tale News From Disney '' . Us Magazine . Retrieved June 10 , 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to 101 Dalmatians ( 1996 film )

In the 1996 live-action film adaptation of 101 Dalmatians, the role of Cruella de Vil was played by

Who played cruella de vil in 101 dalmatians?

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Animal fiber - wikipedia <H1> Animal fiber </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fiber </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dyed wool </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Natural fibers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Animal ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Alpaca </Li> <Li> Angora </Li> <Li> Byssus </Li> <Li> Camel hair </Li> <Li> Cashmere </Li> <Li> Catgut </Li> <Li> Chiengora </Li> <Li> Guanaco </Li> <Li> Llama </Li> <Li> Mohair </Li> <Li> Pashmina </Li> <Li> Qiviut </Li> <Li> Rabbit </Li> <Li> Silk </Li> <Li> Sinew </Li> <Li> Spider silk </Li> <Li> Wool </Li> <Li> Vicuña </Li> <Li> Yak </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Plant ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Abacá </Li> <Li> Bagasse </Li> <Li> Bamboo </Li> <Li> Coir </Li> <Li> Cotton </Li> <Li> Flax ( Linen ) </Li> <Li> Hemp </Li> <Li> Jute </Li> <Li> Kapok </Li> <Li> Kenaf </Li> <Li> Piña </Li> <Li> Pine </Li> <Li> Raffia </Li> <Li> Ramie </Li> <Li> Sisal </Li> <Li> Wood </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mineral ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Asbestos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Man - made fibers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Regenerated fibers ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Art silk </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Semi-synthetic fibers ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Acetate </Li> <Li> Diacetate </Li> <Li> Lyocell </Li> <Li> Modal </Li> <Li> Rayon </Li> <Li> Triacetate </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Synthetic fibers ( show ) Mineral ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Glass </Li> <Li> Carbon ( Tenax ) </Li> <Li> Basalt </Li> <Li> Metallic </Li> </Ul> Polymer ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Acrylic </Li> <Li> Aramid ( Twaron , Kevlar , Technora , Nomex ) </Li> <Li> Microfiber </Li> <Li> Modacrylic </Li> <Li> Nylon </Li> <Li> Olefin </Li> <Li> Polyester </Li> <Li> Polyethylene ( Dyneema , Spectra ) </Li> <Li> Spandex </Li> <Li> Vinylon </Li> <Li> Vinyon </Li> <Li> Zylon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agriculture and agronomy portal </Li> <Li> Engineering portal </Li> <Li> Category : Fibers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of particular proteins . Instances are silk , hair / fur ( including wool ) and feathers . The animal fibers used most commonly both in the manufacturing world as well as by the hand spinners are wool from domestic sheep and silk . Also very popular are alpaca fiber and mohair from Angora goats . Unusual fibers such as Angora wool from rabbits and Chiengora from dogs also exist , but are rarely used for mass production . </P> <P> Not all animal fibers have the same properties , and even within a species the fiber is not consistent . Merino is a very soft , fine wool , while Cotswold is coarser , and yet both merino and Cotswold are types of sheep . This comparison can be continued on the microscopic level , comparing the diameter and structure of the fiber . With animal fibers , and natural fibers in general , the individual fibers look different , whereas all synthetic fibers look the same . This provides an easy way to differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers under a microscope . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Silk </Li> <Li> 2 Wool <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Alpaca </Li> <Li> 2.2 Angora </Li> <Li> 2.3 Bison </Li> <Li> 2.4 Cashmere </Li> <Li> 2.5 Mohair </Li> <Li> 2.6 Sheep 's wool </Li> <Li> 2.7 Qiviut </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Fiber from other animals </Li> <Li> 4 Fibre </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Silk ( edit ) </H2> Raw silk <P> Silk is a `` natural '' protein fiber , some forms of which can be woven into textiles . The best - known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity . Rearing of silks is called sericulture . Degummed fibers from B. mori are 5 - 10 μm in diameter . The shimmering appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fibers ' triangular prism - like cross-sectional structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles . </P> <P> The length of the silk fiber depends on how it has been prepared . Since the cocoon is made of one strand , if the cocoon is unwound carefully the fibers can be very long . </P> <P> Spider silk is the strongest natural fiber known . The strongest dragline silk is five times stronger than steel and three times tougher than Kevlar . It is also highly elastic , the silk of the ogre - faced spider can be stretched six times its original length without damage . As of 2005 , there is no synthetic material in production that can match spider silk , but it is actively being sought by the U.S. military for such applications as body armour , parachutes and rope . Genetically engineered goats have been raised to produce spider silk in their milk at a cost of around $1,500 per gram . </P> <H2> Wool ( edit ) </H2> Wool <P> Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals of the Caprinae family , principally sheep , but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats , alpacas , and rabbits may also be called wool . </P> <H3> Alpaca ( edit ) </H3> <P> Alpaca fiber is that of an alpaca . It is warmer than sheep 's wool and lighter in weight . It is soft , fine , glossy , and luxurious . The thickness of quality fiber is between 12 - 29 micrometers . Most alpaca fiber is white , but it also comes in various shades of brown and black . </P> <H3> Angora ( edit ) </H3> <P> Angora wool or Angora fiber refers to the down coat produced by the Angora rabbit . There are many types of Angora rabbits - English , French , German and Giant . Angora is prized for its softness , thin fibers of around 12 - 16 micrometers for quality fiber , and what knitters refer to as a halo ( fluffiness ) . The fiber felts very easily . Angora fiber comes in white , black , and various shades of brown . </P> <H3> Bison ( edit ) </H3> Bison - hair gloves and a wool blanket used by a stagecoach company <P> Bison is the soft undercoat of the American Bison . The coat of the bison contains two different types of fiber . The main coat is made up of coarse fibers ( average 59 micrometers ) called guard hairs , and the downy undercoat ( average 18.5 micrometers ) . This undercoat is shed annually and consists of fine , soft fibers which are very warm and protect the animal from harsh winter conditions . </P> <H3> Cashmere ( edit ) </H3> <P> Cashmere wool is wool obtained from the Cashmere goat . Cashmere is characterized by its luxuriously soft fibers , with high napability and loft . In order for a natural goat fiber to be considered Cashmere , it must be under 18.5 micrometers in diameter and be at least 3.175 centimeters long . It is noted as providing a natural light - weight insulation without bulk . Fibers are highly adaptable and are easily constructed into fine or thick yarns , and light to heavy - weight fabrics . </P> <H3> Mohair ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mohair is a silk - like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the Angora goat . It is both durable and resilient . It is notable for its high luster and sheen , and is often used in fiber blends to add these qualities to a textile . Mohair also takes dye exceptionally well . </P> <H3> Sheep 's wool ( edit ) </H3> <P> Wool has two qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur : it has scales which overlap like shingles on a roof and it is crimped ; in some fleeces the wool fibers have more than 20 bends per inch . Wool varies in diameter from below 17 micrometers to over 35 micrometers . The finer the wool , the softer it will be , while coarser grades are more durable and less prone to pilling . </P> <H3> Qiviut ( edit ) </H3> <P> Qiviut is the fine underwool of the muskox . Qiviut fibers are long ( about 5 to 8 cm ) , fine ( between 15 and 20 micrometers in diameter ) , and relatively smooth . It is approximately eight times warmer than sheep 's wool and does not felt or shrink . </P> <H2> Fiber from other animals ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hand spinners also use fiber from animals such as llamas , camels , yak , and possums . These fibers are generally used in clothing . </P> <P> Hair from animals such as horses is also an animal fiber . Horsehair is used for brushes , the bows of musical instruments and many other things . The best artists brushes are made from Siberian weasel , many other fibers are used including ox hair and hog bristle . Camel - hair brushes are usually made from squirrel , cheaper ones from pony , but never camels . Chiengora is dog hair . </P> <H2> Fibre ( edit ) </H2> <P> Wool from a wide range of animals can be used for handicrafts and garments . The table below lists a variety of animal fibers and the approximate average diameter of each . </P> Handspun llama yarn from Patagonia <Table> Average diameter of some of the finest , natural fibers <Tr> <Th> Animal </Th> <Th> Fiber diameter ( micrometres ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vicuña </Td> <Td> 6 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alpaca ( Suri ) </Td> <Td> 10 -- 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muskox ( Qiviut ) </Td> <Td> 11 -- 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Merino sheep </Td> <Td> 12 -- 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angora rabbit ( Angora wool ) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cashmere goat ( Cashmere wool ) </Td> <Td> 15 -- 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yak ( Yak fiber ) </Td> <Td> 15 -- 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Camel ( Camel hair ) </Td> <Td> 16 -- 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Guanaco </Td> <Td> 16 -- 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Llama ( Tapada ) </Td> <Td> 20 -- 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinchilla </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angora goat ( Mohair ) </Td> <Td> 25 -- 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Huacaya alpaca </Td> <Td> 27.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Llama ( Ccara ) </Td> <Td> 30 -- 40 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Animal products </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Mark Carwardine , Animal Records , p. 212 , Sterling Publishing Company , Inc. , 2008 ISBN 1402756232 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mel Schwartz , New Materials , Processes , and Methods Technology , p. 644 , CRC Press , 2005 ISBN 1420039342 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.buffalogold.net/store/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18:bison-qwoolq-fiber&catid=7:faqs&Itemid=25 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beula Williams ( 17 April 2007 ) . `` Llama Fiber '' . International Llama Association . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Fibers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Natural </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Plant </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Abacá </Li> <Li> Bagasse </Li> <Li> Bamboo </Li> <Li> Coir </Li> <Li> Cotton </Li> <Li> Fique </Li> <Li> Flax <Ul> <Li> Linen </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Hemp </Li> <Li> Jute </Li> <Li> Kapok </Li> <Li> Kenaf </Li> <Li> Piña </Li> <Li> Pine </Li> <Li> Raffia </Li> <Li> Ramie </Li> <Li> Rattan </Li> <Li> Sisal </Li> <Li> Wood </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Animal </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alpaca </Li> <Li> Angora

Two fibers that are made of proteins are silk and

Name two fibres which are made of proteins?

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able to write more episodes . '' </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography for the pilot episode , `` Days Gone Bye '' , began on May 15 , 2010 with the subsequent five episodes beginning filming a few weeks later on June 2 . The first season was filmed in and around Atlanta , Georgia where the episodes were primarily set . </P> <H2> Promotion ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show 's official website released a motion comic based on the first issue of the original comic and voiced by Phil LaMarr . The site also posted a making - of documentary primarily about the first episode , as well as a number of other behind - the - scenes videos and interviews . In the documentary , comic series creator and show executive producer Robert Kirkman as well as artist Charlie Adlard expressed that they were pleased with how faithful the show is to the comic and remark on the similarities between the actors and the comic 's original character drawings . Several scenes from `` Days Gone Bye '' were screened July 23 , 2010 as part of the 2010 San Diego Comic - Con International . Hurd asserted that `` ( they ) really are doing six one - hour movie '' , and Darabont insisted that the series would closely reflect the development in the comics . `` The path is a very strong template . But we 're going to take every interesting detour we feel like taking . As long as were staying on the path of what Robert has done , I do n't see any reason not to . If they have patience we 'll eventually catch up to what Robert is doing . '' </P> <P> The Walking Dead debuted during the same week in 120 countries . `` Days Gone Bye '' premiered in Hong Kong on TVB Pearl on August 30 , 2011 , while it expanded in international markets during the first week of November . Two weeks prior to its official premiere in the United States , the contents of the episode leaked online . As part of an expansive campaign to advertise and heighten anticipation for the premiere , international broadcasting affiliates of AMC and Fox coordinated a worldwide zombie invasion event proceeding days prior to premiere of the episode in the United States . The event occurred in twenty six cities worldwide , and were hosted in select locations including the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City , Lincoln Memorial in Washington , D.C. , Palace of Westminster in London , Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul , Acropolis of Athens in Athens , and the Museo del Prado in Madrid . The campaign events commenced in Hong Kong and Taipei , and culminated in Los Angeles . </P> <P> The Walking Dead was included on the cover of the December 2010 edition of Entertainment Weekly , which featured Rick Grimes pointing a gun at a horde of walkers . According to the journalist of the magazine , it `` examines the past , present , and future '' of the television franchise ; `` from the comic book 's humble beginnings , to unlikely path to the small screen , to even more unlikely path as a bona fide hit . '' Kirkman was ecstatic upon hearing of the news . `` I 've got to say -- not to kiss your magazine 's a -- or anything -- but when they called me and said Frank ( Darabont ) wanted to do the show , I was like , ' Yeah , I 'll believe it when I see it . ' And then when AMC was like , ' We 're picking up the show , ' I was like , ' Yeah , alright , whatever . ' When they actually started shooting the pilot I was like , ' Well , this is kind of real , this is neat . ' But when they called me and said , ' Your show 's on the cover of Entertainment Weekly , ' I think that was the first time I was like , ' Oh my god , I ca n't believe this is happening to me ! ' '' </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of The Walking Dead episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Days Gone Bye '' </Td> <Td> Frank Darabont </Td> <Td> Teleplay by : Frank Darabont </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2010 ( 2010 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> 5.35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Sheriff 's deputy Rick Grimes wakes from a gunshot - inflicted coma to discover the world overrun with walkers . He goes back to his house to find his wife and son but meets survivor Morgan Jones and his son Duane - Rick decides to head to Atlanta to find his wife Lori and son Carl , unaware they are safe with other survivors led by his former partner Shane . He encounters hordes of walkers and becomes trapped inside a tank . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Guts '' </Td> <Td> Michelle MacLaren </Td> <Td> Frank Darabont </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2010 ( 2010 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 4.71 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Rick is ambushed by a walker horde but is rescued by scavenger survivor Glenn when he becomes trapped inside a tank . They meet up with the rest of the survivors where they have to leave Merle handcuffed to the roof to stop him attracting walkers . They are forced to leave Rick 's gun bag behind as well as abandon the unhinged Merle as walkers surround them , but manage to escape the city . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Tell It to the Frogs '' </Td> <Td> Gwyneth Horder - Payton </Td> <Td> Story by : Charles H. Eglee & Jack LoGiudice Teleplay by : Charles H. Eglee & Jack LoGiudice and Frank Darabont </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2010 ( 2010 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 5.07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Glenn takes Rick to the survivors ' camp , where he finds Lori , Carl , and Shane . Rick leads a group , including Glenn , T - Dog , and Merle 's younger brother , Daryl back to Atlanta to recover his weapons , finding that Merle managed to free himself by sawing off his hand . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Vatos '' </Td> <Td> Johan Renck </Td> <Td> Robert Kirkman </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2010 ( 2010 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 4.75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Rick 's group briefly scuffles with a group of Latino survivors protecting the residents of a nursing home in Atlanta , who want Rick 's weapons , but Rick is able to defuse the situation peacefully . They return to camp too late to stop a walker horde from attacking , killing Andrea 's sister Amy , and Carol 's husband Ed . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Wildfire '' </Td> <Td> Ernest Dickerson </Td> <Td> Glen Mazzara </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2010 ( 2010 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 5.56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> As the survivors bury their dead , some split off on their own . Rick , against Shane 's judgement , leads the rest to the CDC facility in Atlanta , which initially appears abandoned and locked - down , but Rick spots signs of life and demands entry . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` TS - 19 '' </Td> <Td> Guy Ferland </Td> <Td> Adam Fierro and Frank Darabont </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2010 ( 2010 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 5.97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Dr. Jenner of the CDC welcomes the survivors , allowing them to enjoy the amenities of the powered building while explaining what he knows about walkers . When the survivors discover that the building will self - detonate once it runs out of backup power , Dr. Jenner initially prevents them from leaving . Rick convinces Jenner to let them go , and Jenner whispers something to Rick . They escape just before the building explodes , and the group departs the city . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first season of The Walking Dead received mostly positive reviews from critics . On Metacritic , the season holds a score of 82 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 25 critics . On Rotten Tomatoes , the season holds an 89 % with an average rating of 7.49 out of 10 , based on 24 reviews , and an average episode score of 87 % . The site 's critical consensus reads : `` Blood - spattered , emotionally resonant , and white - knuckle intense , The Walking Dead puts an intelligent spin on the overcrowded zombie subgenre . '' Following the pilot episode 's debut , TV Guide 's Matt Roush called the show `` a stark and harrowing survival parable ... visually stunning ... and daring in its artful use of silence . '' Following the second episode , Simon Abrams from Slant Magazine awarded the show three and a half stars out of a possible four ; `` To say that Darabont has kicked his series off with a bang would be a serious understatement ... ( he ) has fashioned a fully realized alternate reality and it 's a thrilling thing to experience . '' </P> <P> In response to the season finale , James Poniewozik of TIME magazine gave the first season of The Walking Dead a glowing review stating , `` the show has an urgency and bravery that make it something special '' . Josh Jackson of Paste magazine also praised the season by writing , `` the characters are worth caring about '' despite `` occasional stilted monologues , quick tempers and unfortunate stereotypes '' . Some reviews were mixed , including one from Kofi Outlaw of Screen Rant who concluded , `` The Walking Dead still has n't really defined itself as anything more than a vague survival story about the human condition '' but added , `` you can be sure I 'm one of those Dead - heads already chomping at the bit for season 2 '' . Sean McKenna of TV Fanatic also offered mixed criticism saying the first season `` had its ups and downs '' noting that the second season should focus on `` a more specific story arc and strengthening of the character development '' . Logan Hill of New York magazine was more critical , claiming the episodes contained `` atrocious dialogue '' and `` a lot of plot machinery that has been contrived to create action suspense but ... has n't really moved the story itself anywhere in particular '' , though he admits the fifth episode showed `` flashes of promise '' . </P> <Table> The Walking Dead ( season 1 ) : Critical reception by episode <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Season 1 ( 2010 ) : Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Accolades ( edit ) </H3> See also : List of awards and nominations received by The Walking Dead <P> The first season of The Walking Dead was named one of the Top 10 Television Programs in 2010 by the American Film Institute . The season was also nominated for Outstanding New Program at the 27th TCA Awards and Best New Series at the 63rd Writers Guild of America Awards . It was also nominated for Best Television Series -- Drama

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Battle of Salamis - wikipedia <H1> Battle of Salamis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Battle of Salamis ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Battle of Salamis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the Greco - Persian Wars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A romantic version painting of the battle by artist Wilhelm von Kaulbach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> September , 480 BC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Straits of Salamis 37 ° 57 ′ 5 '' N 23 ° 34 ′ 0 '' E  /  37.95139 ° N 23.56667 ° E  / 37.95139 ; 23.56667 Coordinates : 37 ° 57 ′ 5 '' N 23 ° 34 ′ 0 '' E  /  37.95139 ° N 23.56667 ° E  / 37.95139 ; 23.56667 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> Decisive Greek victory . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territorial changes </Th> <Td> Persia fails to conquer the Peloponnese . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Greek city - states </Td> <Td> Achaemenid Empire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eurybiades </Li> <Li> Themistocles </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Xerxes I of Persia </Li> <Li> Artemisia I of Caria </Li> <Li> Achaemenes </Li> <Li> Ariabignes † </Li> <Li> Damasithymos † </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 371 -- 378 ships </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ~ 900 -- 1207 ships </Li> <Li> 600 -- 800 ships </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 ships </Td> <Td> 200 -- 300 ships ? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Herodotus gives 378 ships of the alliance , but his numbers add up to 371 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ As suggested by several ancient sources </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Modern estimates </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of the naval battle of Salamis within modern Greece </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Second Persian invasion of Greece </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Thermopylae </Li> <Li> Artemisium </Li> <Li> Salamis </Li> <Li> Potidea </Li> <Li> Olynthus </Li> <Li> Plataea </Li> <Li> Mycale </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Battle of Salamis ( / ˈsæləmɪs / ; Ancient Greek : Ναυμαχία τῆς Σαλαμῖνος , Naumachia tēs Salaminos ) was a naval battle fought between an alliance of Greek city - states under Themistocles and the Persian Empire under King Xerxes in 480 BC which resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks . The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis , an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens , and marked the high - point of the second Persian invasion of Greece . </P> <P> To block the Persian advance , a small force of Greeks blocked the pass of Thermopylae , while an Athenian - dominated Allied navy engaged the Persian fleet in the nearby straits of Artemisium . In the resulting Battle of Thermopylae , the rearguard of the Greek force was annihilated , whilst in the Battle of Artemisium the Greeks had heavy losses and retreated after the loss at Thermopylae . This allowed the Persians to conquer Boeotia and Attica . The Allies prepared to defend the Isthmus of Corinth whilst the fleet was withdrawn to nearby Salamis Island . </P> <P> Although heavily outnumbered , the Greek Allies were persuaded by the Athenian general Themistocles to bring the Persian fleet to battle again , in the hope that a victory would prevent naval operations against the Peloponnese . The Persian king Xerxes was also eager for a decisive battle . As a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles , the Persian navy rowed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances . In the cramped conditions of the Straits , the great Persian numbers were an active hindrance , as ships struggled to maneuver and became disorganized . Seizing the opportunity , the Greek fleet formed in line and scored a decisive victory . </P> <P> Xerxes retreated to Asia with much of his army , leaving Mardonius to complete the conquest of Greece . However , the following year , the remainder of the Persian army was decisively beaten at the Battle of Plataea and the Persian navy at the Battle of Mycale . The Persians made no further attempts to conquer the Greek mainland . These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco - Persian wars as a whole ; from then onward , the Greek poleis would take the offensive . A number of historians believe that a Persian victory would have hamstrung the development of Ancient Greece , and by extension western civilization , and this has led them to argue that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Sources </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Prelude </Li> <Li> 4 The opposing forces <Ul> <Li> 4.1 The Greek fleet </Li> <Li> 4.2 The Persian fleet </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Strategic and tactical considerations </Li> <Li> 6 The battle <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Dispositions </Li> <Li> 6.2 The opening phase </Li> <Li> 6.3 The main battle </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Significance </Li> <Li> 9 Anchorage discovery </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Ancient sources </Li> <Li> 11.2 Modern sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Herodotus <P> The main source for the Greco - Persian Wars is the Greek historian Herodotus . Herodotus , who has been called the ' Father of History ' , was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus , Asia Minor ( then under Persian overlordship ) . He wrote his Enquiries ( Greek : Ιστορίαι ; English : ( The ) Histories ) around 440 -- 430 BC , trying to trace the origins of the Greco - Persian Wars , which would still have been relatively recent history ( the wars finally ending in 450 BC ) . Herodotus 's approach was entirely novel , and at least in Western society , he does seem to have invented `` history '' as we know it . As Holland has it : `` For the first time , a chronicler set himself to trace the origins of a conflict not to a past so remote so as to be utterly fabulous , nor to the whims and wishes of some god , nor to a people 's claim to manifest destiny , but rather explanations he could verify personally . '' </P> <P> Some subsequent ancient historians , despite following in his footsteps , criticised Herodotus , starting with Thucydides . Nevertheless , Thucydides chose to begin his history where Herodotus left off ( at the Siege of Sestos ) , and therefore evidently felt that Herodotus 's history was accurate enough not to need re-writing or correcting . Plutarch criticised Herodotus in his essay `` On the Malignity of Herodotus '' , describing Herodotus as `` Philobarbaros '' ( barbarian - lover ) , for not being pro-Greek enough , which suggests that Herodotus might actually have done a reasonable job of being even - handed . A negative view of Herodotus was passed on to Renaissance Europe , though he remained well read . However , since the 19th century his reputation has been dramatically rehabilitated by archaeological finds which have repeatedly confirmed his version of events . The prevailing modern view is that Herodotus generally did a remarkable job in his Historia , but that some of his specific details ( particularly troop numbers and dates ) should be viewed with skepticism . Nevertheless , there are still some historians who believe Herodotus made up much of his story . </P> <P> The Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus , writing in the 1st century BC in his Bibliotheca Historica , also provides an account of the Greco - Persian wars , partially derived from the earlier Greek historian Ephorus . This account is fairly consistent with Herodotus 's . The Greco - Persian wars are also described in less detail by a number of other ancient historians including Plutarch , Ctesias of Cnidus , and are alluded by other authors , such as the playwright Aeschylus . Archaeological evidence , such as the Serpent Column , also supports some of Herodotus 's specific claims . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Greco - Persian Wars , Second Persian invasion of Greece , Battle of Thermopylae , and Battle of Artemisium <P> The Greek city - states of Athens and Eretria had supported the unsuccessful Ionian Revolt against the Persian Empire of Darius I in 499 - 494 BC , led by the satrap of Miletus , Aristagoras . The Persian Empire was still relatively young , and prone to revolts amongst its subject peoples . Moreover , Darius was a usurper , and had spent considerable time extinguishing revolts against his rule . The Ionian revolt threatened the integrity of his empire , and Darius thus vowed to punish those involved ( especially those not already part of the empire ) . Darius also saw the opportunity to expand his empire into the fractious world of Ancient Greece . A preliminary expedition under Mardonius , in 492 BC , to secure the land approaches to Greece ended with the re-conquest of Thrace and forced Macedon to become a client kingdom of Persia . </P> <P> In 491 BC , Darius sent emissaries to all the Greek city - states , asking for a gift of ' earth and water ' in token of their submission to him . Having had a demonstration of his power the previous year , the majority of Greek cities duly obliged . In Athens , however , the ambassadors were put on trial and then executed ; in Sparta , they were simply thrown down a well . This meant that Sparta was also now effectively at war with Persia . </P> <P> Darius thus put together an amphibious task force under Datis and Artaphernes in 490 BC , which attacked Naxos , before receiving the submission of the other Cycladic Islands . The task force then moved on Eretria , which it besieged and destroyed . Finally , it moved to attack Athens , landing at the bay of Marathon , where it was met by a heavily outnumbered Athenian army . At the ensuing Battle of Marathon , the Athenians won a remarkable victory , which resulted in the withdrawal of the Persian army to Asia . </P> Map showing the Greek world at the time of the battle <P> Darius therefore began raising a huge new army with which he meant to completely subjugate Greece ; however , in 486 BC , his Egyptian subjects revolted , indefinitely postponing any Greek expedition . Darius then died whilst preparing to march on Egypt , and the throne of Persia passed to his son Xerxes I. Xerxes crushed the Egyptian revolt , and very quickly restarted the preparations for the invasion of Greece . Since this was to be a full - scale invasion , it required long - term planning , stock - piling and conscription . Xerxes decided that the Hellespont would be bridged to allow his army to cross to Europe , and that a canal should be dug across the isthmus of Mount Athos ( rounding which headland , a Persian fleet had been destroyed in 492 BC ) . These were both feats of exceptional ambition , which would have been beyond any other contemporary state . By early 480 BC , the preparations were complete , and the army which Xerxes had mustered at Sardis marched towards Europe , crossing the Hellespont on two pontoon

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Jon Snow ( character ) - wikipedia <H1> Jon Snow ( character ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jon Snow </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A Song of Ice and Fire character Game of Thrones character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Kit Harington as Jon Snow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Novel : </Li> <Li> A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Television : </Li> <Li> `` Winter Is Coming '' ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Video game : </Li> <Li> `` The Lost Lords '' ( 2015 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> George R.R. Martin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Kit Harington ( Game of Thrones ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voiced by </Th> <Td> Kit Harington ( video game ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aliases </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lord Snow </Li> <Li> The Bastard of Winterfell </Li> <Li> King Crow </Li> <Li> The White Wolf </Li> <Li> Aegon Targaryen ( birth name , TV series ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Male </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lord Paramount and Warden of the North ( TV series ) </Li> <Li> King in the North ( TV series ) </Li> <Li> 998th Lord Commander of the Night 's Watch </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> House Stark </Li> <Li> House Targaryen ( TV series ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significant other ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ygritte </Li> <Li> Daenerys Targaryen ( TV series ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relatives </Th> <Td> Books : <Ul> <Li> Ned Stark ( father ) </Li> <Li> Robb Stark ( half - brother ) </Li> <Li> Sansa Stark ( half - sister ) </Li> <Li> Arya Stark ( half - sister ) </Li> <Li> Bran Stark ( half - brother ) </Li> <Li> Rickon Stark ( half - brother ) </Li> <Li> Brandon Stark ( uncle ) </Li> <Li> Benjen Stark ( uncle ) </Li> <Li> Lyanna Stark ( aunt ) </Li> </Ul> TV series : <Ul> <Li> Lyanna Stark ( mother ) </Li> <Li> Rhaegar Targaryen ( biological father ) </Li> <Li> Ned Stark ( uncle / adoptive father ) </Li> <Li> Robb Stark ( cousin / adoptive brother ) </Li> <Li> Sansa Stark ( cousin / adoptive sister ) </Li> <Li> Arya Stark ( cousin / adoptive sister ) </Li> <Li> Bran Stark ( cousin / adoptive brother ) </Li> <Li> Rickon Stark ( cousin / adoptive brother ) </Li> <Li> Rhaenys Targaryen ( half - sister ) </Li> <Li> Aegon Targaryen ( half - brother ) </Li> <Li> Brandon Stark ( uncle ) </Li> <Li> Benjen Stark ( uncle ) </Li> <Li> Viserys Targaryen ( uncle ) </Li> <Li> Daenerys Targaryen ( aunt ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kingdom </Th> <Td> The North </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jon Snow is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R.R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He is a prominent point of view character in the novels , and has been called one of the author 's `` finest creations '' and most popular characters by The New York Times . Jon is a main character in the TV series , and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers . Speculation about the character 's parentage has also been a popular topic of discussion among fans of both the books and the TV series . </P> <P> Jon is introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark , the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Knowing his prospects are limited by his status , Jon joins the Night 's Watch , who guard the far northern borders from the wildlings who live beyond The Wall . As the rest of the Starks face grave adversity , Jon finds himself honor bound to remain with the Watch . In A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , he joins a scouting party investigating the growing threat from the otherworldly `` Others '' beyond the Wall , and manages to infiltrate the wildlings . Jon learns of their plans to invade Westeros in A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) , and begins to fall in love with the fierce wildling woman Ygritte . He betrays them -- and Ygritte -- before they can attack , but the Night Watch 's victory comes at a heavy price for Jon . Now the Lord Commander of the Watch , he appears briefly in 2005 's A Feast for Crows . Jon returns as a prominent character in a A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) , working to negotiate an alliance between the Night 's Watch and the wildlings . The growing animosity he has attracted from among the Watch finally catches up with him , and he is forced to face the dire consequences . </P> <P> Jon is portrayed by Kit Harington on the HBO series Game of Thrones . His storyline follows the character 's plot arc from the novel series , though season 6 and season 7 of the TV adaptation continue on from the events of Martin 's latest published installment . Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . He was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2012 , 2016 and 2017 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Character <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Description </Li> <Li> 1.2 Parentage </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 2.1 A Game of Thrones </Li> <Li> 2.2 A Clash of Kings </Li> <Li> 2.3 A Storm of Swords </Li> <Li> 2.4 A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons </Li> <Li> 2.5 Family tree </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 TV adaptation <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Overview </Li> <Li> 3.2 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Season 1 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Season 2 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Season 3 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Season 4 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 5 Season 5 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 6 Season 6 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 7 Season 7 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Recognition and awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Character ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Description ( edit ) </H3> <P> In A Game of Thrones , Jon Snow is introduced as the 14 - year - old bastard son of Eddard `` Ned '' Stark , Lord of Winterfell , and half - brother to Robb , Sansa , Arya , Bran and Rickon . Jon is described as having strong Stark features with a lean build , long face , dark brown hair and grey eyes . Jon has the surname `` Snow '' ( customarily used for illegitimate children in the North ) and is resented by Ned 's wife Catelyn , who views him as a constant reminder of Ned 's infidelity . Jon is the same age as Robb and enjoys a warm relationship with his siblings , particularly the tomboy Arya ( who resembles Jon and like him does not feel like she fits in ) . Ned treats Jon as much like his other children as propriety and his honor will allow . Still , as somewhat of an outsider , Jon has learned to be independent and to fend for himself when necessary . Jon idolizes his father , but is wounded by Ned 's refusal to tell him about his mother . At the beginning of the story , Jon adopts the albino direwolf that he names Ghost . He later finds that at times he can `` inhabit '' the wolf and share its experiences . </P> <P> David Orr of The New York Times describes Jon as `` a complex , thoughtful and basically good character '' . David Benioff and D.B. Weiss , the creators and executive producers of the television adaptation of the series , explain that Jon is one of several characters in the series who must `` face hard truths about the world they live in , and adapt themselves to those truths '' because `` The struggle many of them face is how to do that without losing their grip on who they are . '' Ned Stark teaches all his children about leadership , selflessness , duty and honor . Following his father 's example becomes more difficult as Jon faces challenges to his identity as a man , a Stark , and a brother of the Night 's Watch . Benioff and Weiss note that `` Jon Snow tries to live with honor , while knowing that honor often gets his family members murdered . '' Writing for Variety about the season 6 episode `` Battle of the Bastards '' , Laura Prudom suggests that Jon `` has the same shortcomings '' as his father : `` he fights with honor against opponents who are all too willing to use that predictable morality against him '' . </P> <P> Jon is a prominent point of view character in the novels , and has been called one of Martin 's `` finest creations '' . Jon is introduced as the illegitimate son of a Northern lord who , realizing he is an outsider in his own family , follows his uncle to the far north and accepts the honorable duty of serving in the Night 's Watch . But as much as he is a second - class Stark at home , initially his fellow recruits and brothers of the Watch set him apart as privileged and aloof . Jon adapts , soon proving himself to be wise , compassionate , and a natural leader . Over the course of the series , Jon 's loyalty to the Watch and its vows , his family , and even Westeros itself are tested as he becomes embroiled in the efforts of the wildlings from Beyond the Wall to force their way back into the Seven Kingdoms . He lives among them as a spy for the Watch , sympathetic to their cause and becoming romantically involved with the tenacious Ygritte . However he ultimately betrays them to defend The Wall . Later , as the newest Lord Commander of the Night 's Watch , he pursues an alliance with the wildlings . </P> <P> Several reviews of 2011 's A Dance with Dragons noted the return to the narrative of Jon , Daenerys Targaryen and Tyrion Lannister , the three popular characters whom fans had missed most from the previous volume , A Feast for Crows . These `` favorites '' had last been featured 11 years before in Martin 's A Storm of Swords . In A Dance with Dragons , Jon 's leadership of the Night 's Watch is complicated by several unprecedented challenges , including a wildling alliance , the demands of would - be-king Stannis Baratheon and the conflicting factions developing within the Watch itself . The New York Times notes that `` Jon 's leadership is the best hope of Westeros , so naturally he 's in imminent danger throughout A Dance With Dragons . '' James Hibberd of Entertainment Weekly called Jon 's final chapter in A Dance with Dragons `` a harsh chapter in terms of fan expectations . You go from this total high of Jon giving this rousing speech about going after the evil Ramsay Bolton , to this utter low of his men turning against him . '' Jon 's presence in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter is uncertain . </P> <P> Asked what he thought was Jon 's biggest `` mistake '' , Martin replied : </P> <P> Were they mistakes ? I guess they were mistakes in some ways since they led to him losing control of

The character Jon Snow on Game of Thrones is played by

Who is john snow on game of thrones?

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America 's Next Top Model ( cycle 24 ) - wikipedia <H1> America 's Next Top Model ( cycle 24 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> America 's Next Top Model ( cycle 24 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cycle 24 cast </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> VH1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> <P> January 9 ( 2018 - 01 - 09 ) -- April 10 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Additional information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judges </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tyra Banks </Li> <Li> Ashley Graham </Li> <Li> Drew Elliott </Li> <Li> Law Roach </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of contestants </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winner </Th> <Td> Kyla Coleman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cycle chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Cycle 23 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The twenty - fourth cycle of America 's Next Top Model premiered on January 9 , 2018 and was the second season to air on VH1 . Continuing from cycle 23 , this cycle featured an all - female cast . However , in a first for the series , the maximum age limit was removed , allowing contestants of all ages to enter the contest . </P> <P> Top Model franchise creator Tyra Banks returned as the show 's host after being replaced for one cycle by singer Rita Ora . The judging panel , consisting of model Ashley Graham , Paper magazine chief creative officer Drew Elliott , and celebrity stylist Law Roach , remained otherwise unchanged . </P> <P> The prizes for this cycle included a contract with Next Model Management , fashion spread in Paper magazine , a cash prize of US $100,000 from Pantene , and a featured avatar in the new America 's Next Top Model Mobile Game . </P> <P> The winner of the competition was 20 year - old Kyla Coleman from Lacey , Washington . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Contestants </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Boss Is Back </Li> <Li> 2.2 Beauty Is Los Angeles </Li> <Li> 2.3 Beauty Is a Trademark </Li> <Li> 2.4 Beauty Is Drama </Li> <Li> 2.5 Beauty Is Unconventional </Li> <Li> 2.6 Beauty Is Pride </Li> <Li> 2.7 Beauty Is Raw </Li> <Li> 2.8 Beauty Is Social </Li> <Li> 2.9 Beauty Is Movement </Li> <Li> 2.10 Beauty Is Real </Li> <Li> 2.11 Behind The Beauty </Li> <Li> 2.12 Beauty Is Personality </Li> <Li> 2.13 Beauty Is a Comeback </Li> <Li> 2.14 Beauty Is Commercial </Li> <Li> 2.15 Next Level Fierce </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Summaries <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Results </Li> <Li> 3.2 Photo shoot guide </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Contestants ( edit ) </H2> <P> ( Ages stated are at start of contest . ) </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Contestant </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Height </Th> <Th> Hometown </Th> <Th> Finish </Th> <Th> Place </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maggie Keating </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 1.70 m ( 5 ft 7 in ) </Td> <Td> Surry , Maine </Td> <Td> Episode 2 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ivana Thomas </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) </Td> <Td> Durham , North Carolina </Td> <Td> Episode 3 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liz Woodbury </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1.73 m ( 5 ft 8 in ) </Td> <Td> Greenville , Massachusetts </Td> <Td> Episode 4 </Td> <Td> 13 ( quit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rhiyan Carreker </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 1.80 m ( 5 ft 11 in ) </Td> <Td> Orange County , California </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coura Fall </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) </Td> <Td> Eastvale , California </Td> <Td> Episode 5 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liberty Netuschil </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 1.70 m ( 5 ft 7 in ) </Td> <Td> Lava Hot Springs , Idaho </Td> <Td> Episode 6 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Christina McDonald </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 1.73 m ( 5 ft 8 in ) </Td> <Td> Jenkintown , Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> Episode 7 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sandra Shehab </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 1.70 m ( 5 ft 7 in ) </Td> <Td> Cliffside Park , New Jersey </Td> <Td> Episode 8 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brendi K Seiner </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) </Td> <Td> Nashville , Tennessee </Td> <Td> Episode 9 </Td> <Td> 7 ( quit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Erin Green </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 1.75 m ( 5 ft 9 in ) </Td> <Td> Riverside , California </Td> <Td> Episode 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rio Summers </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) </Td> <Td> Detroit , Michigan </Td> <Td> Episode 13 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shanice Carroll </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 1.75 m ( 5 ft 9 in ) </Td> <Td> Murfreesboro , Tennessee </Td> <Td> Episode 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Khrystyana Kazakova </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) </Td> <Td> New York , New York </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jeana Turner </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1.70 m ( 5 ft 7 in ) </Td> <Td> Minneapolis , Minnesota </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kyla Coleman </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 1.78 m ( 5 ft 10 in ) </Td> <Td> Lacey , Washington </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The boss is back ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : January 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 09 ) </P> <P> The semi-finalists were introduced to the judges for the first time , and were made aware of the new casting process in which any of them could be eliminated at any point during casting week ( as opposed to the mass - eliminations in previous cycles ) , to gradually reduce the pool of contestants . The models then had one - on - one auditions with the judges , which saw several semi-finalists leave the competition . </P> <P> The surviving models later met with judge Drew Elliot and fashion director Nicola Formichetti for an Avant - garde photo shoot and runway challenge . The remaining 18 contestants moved into the model house , and at the end of the week , host Tyra Banks selected the finalized cast of 14 contestants . Immediately afterwards , Banks announced that one of the semifinalists who 'd missed the final cut , Erin Green , would also be allowed to move on to the main competition , bringing the final number of contestants to 15 . </P> <Ul> <Li> Featured photographer : Renata Raksha </Li> <Li> Special guests : Nicola Formichetti </Li> </Ul> <H3> Beauty is Los Angeles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : January 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 16 ) </P> <P> The finalists moved into the model home . They later met runway coach Stacey McKenzie for a catwalk lesson in preparation for an upcoming runway challenge at Venice Beach skate park , where the contestants had to model designs from Baja East and avoid skateboarders as they navigated across a skating ramp . As the winner of the challenge , Khrystyana was chosen to walk in a show for the label during New York fashion week . On set , the models had a bohemian pregnancy photo shoot with photographer Charlotte Rutherford , inspired by Hollywood 's latest baby boom fashion trends . At elimination , Coura received best picture . Brendi K and Maggie landed in the bottom two , and Maggie was eliminated from the competition . </P> <Ul> <Li> Featured photographer : Charlotte Rutherford </Li> <Li> Special guests : Stacey McKenzie </Li> </Ul> <H3> Beauty is a trademark ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </P> <P> The models arrived back at the house and immediately received a Tyra Mail alluding to the fact that makeovers would be taking place soon . After the makeovers were administered , the models met Director X for a video shoot meant to showcase their new trademark looks in a room full of mirrors . At elimination , Liberty was deemed to be the best performer for the shoot . Shanice and Ivana landed in the bottom two , and Ivana was eliminated from the competition . </P> <Ul> <Li> Featured director : Director X </Li> <Li> Special guests : Leanne Citrone </Li> </Ul> <H3> Beauty is drama ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : January 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 30 ) </P> <P> The remaining models received scripts for a screen test challenge with actor Kevin Phillips , which was judged by director Anthony Hemingway and Stacey McKenzie . Khrystyana was ultimately chosen as the challenge winner . Later on , the models were taken to a mansion for a photo shoot inspired by American Horror Story . After a heart to heart conversation with Tyra , Liz decided to quit the competition . At elimination , Khrystyana received best photo . Coura and Rhiyan landed in the bottom two , and Rhiyan was eliminated from the competition . </P> <Ul> <Li> Featured photographer : Ekaterina Belinskaya </Li> <Li> Special guests : B. Akerlund , Anthony Hemingway , Stacey McKenzie , Kevin Phillips </Li> </Ul> <H3> Beauty is unconventional ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : February 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 06 ) </P> <P> The remaining 11 models had to work with renowned YouTuber Patrick Starr to shoot a beauty vlog which required them to use unconventional items as beauty tools . Sandra was chosen as the challenge winner , and was rewarded with a guest appearance on Starr 's channel . On set , the models were stacked on top of one another to have their beauty shots taken . At elimination , Rio received best picture . Christina and Coura landed in the bottom two , and Coura was eliminated from the competition . </P> <Ul> <Li> Featured photographer : Tatiana Gerusova </Li> <Li> Special guests : Patrick Starr </Li> </Ul> <H3> Beauty is pride ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : February 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 13 ) </P> <P> The remaining 10 contestants celebrated pride week at Micky 's Bar , and took part in a self styled popup runway challenge for designer Christian Cowan which was won by Khrystyana . The models later had a photo shoot posing alongside former Drag Race contestants Manila Luzon , Valentina and Katya Zamolodchikova . Khrystyana won best picture at elimination . Kyla and Liberty landed in the bottom two , and Liberty was eliminated from the competition . </P> <Ul> <Li> Featured photographer : Katie Levine </Li> <Li> Special guests : Valentina , Christian Cowan , Manila Luzon , Stacey McKenzie , Katya Zamolodchikova </Li> </Ul> <H3> Beauty is raw ( edit ) </H3> <P> Original air date : February 20 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 20 ) </P> <P> The remaining nine contestants were challenged with the task of creating an anti-bullying PSA

The winner of the latest season of America's Next Top Model is

Who won latest america's next top model?

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. </P> <H3> Ethiopia ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Buda ( folk religion ) <P> Belief in the evil eye , or buda ( var . bouda ) , is widespread in Ethiopia . Buda is generally believed to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group , for example among the Beta Israel or metalworkers . Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or talisman , known as a kitab , or will invoke God 's name , to ward off the ill effects of buda . A debtera , who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson , will create these protective amulets or talismans . </P> <H3> Pakistan ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Pakistan , the evil eye is called Nazar ( نظر ) . People usually may resort to reading the last three chapters of the Quran , namely Sura Ikhlas , Sura Al - Falaq and Sura Al - Nas . `` Masha'Allah '' ( ما شاء الله ‎ ) ( `` God has willed it . '' ) is commonly said to ward off the evil eye . Understanding of evil eye varies by the level of education . Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from evil eye . Others use `` taawiz '' to ward off evil eye . Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent evil eye . </P> <H3> Greece ( edit ) </H3> <P> The evil eye , known as μάτι ( mati ) , `` eye '' , as an apotropaic visual device , is known to have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC , when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels . In Greece , the evil eye is cast away through the process of xematiasma ( ξεμάτιασμα ) , whereby the `` healer '' silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex , usually a grandparent . Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances , according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye . There are several regional versions of the prayer in question , a common one being : `` Holy Virgin , Our Lady , if ( insert name of the victim ) is suffering of the evil eye , release him / her of it . '' Evil repeated three times . According to custom , if one is indeed afflicted with the evil eye , both victim and `` healer '' then start yawning profusely . The `` healer '' then performs the sign of the cross three times , and emits spitting - like sounds in the air three times . A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Bulgaria . </P> <P> Another `` test '' used to check if the evil eye was cast is that of the oil : under normal conditions , olive oil floats in water , as it is less dense than water . The test of the oil is performed by placing one drop of olive oil in a glass of water , typically holy water . If the drop floats , the test concludes there is no evil eye involved . If the drop sinks , then it is asserted that the evil eye is cast indeed . Another form of the test is to place two drops of olive oil into a glass of water . If the drops remain separated , the test concludes there is no evil eye , but if they merge , there is . There is also a third form where in a plate full of water the `` healer '' places three or nine drops of oil . If the oil drops become larger and eventually dissolve in the water there is evil eye . If the drops remain separated from water in a form of a small circle there is n't . The first drops are the most important and the number of drops that dissolve in water indicate the strength of the evil eye . </P> <P> There is another form of the `` test '' where the `` healer '' prepares a few cloves by piercing each one with a pin . Then she lights a candle and grabs a pinned clove with a pair of scissors . She then uses it to do the sign of the cross over the afflicted whilst the afflicted is asked to think of a person who may have given him the evil eye . Then the healer holds the clove over the flame . If the clove burns silently , there is no evil eye present ; however , if the clove explodes or burns noisily , that means the person in the thoughts of the afflicted is the one who has cast the evil eye . As the clove explodes , the evil eye is released from the afflicted . Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul - mouthing you that you ought to be wary of . The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated . Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω ! which translates to `` I spit so that I wo n't give you the evil eye . '' Contrary to popular belief , the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill , but it stems from admiration . Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye , it is advised to be humble . </P> <P> The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye , but attributed it to the Devil and envy . In Greek theology , the evil eye or vaskania ( βασκανία ) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer . The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon ( Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον ) book of prayers . </P> <H3> Italy ( edit ) </H3> Various evil eye amulets from Italy such as the cornicello , cimaruta , and lunula ( 1895 ) . <P> The cornicello , `` little horn '' , also called the cornetto ( `` little horn '' , plural cornetti ) , is a long , gently twisted horn - shaped amulet . Cornicelli are usually carved out of red coral or made from gold or silver . The type of horn they are intended to copy is not a curled - over sheep horn or goat horn but rather like the twisted horn of an African eland or a chili pepper . </P> <P> One idea that the ribald suggestions made by sexual symbols distract the witch from the mental effort needed to successfully bestow the curse . Another is that since the effect of the eye was to dry up liquids , the drying of the phallus ( resulting in male impotence ) would be averted by seeking refuge in the moist female genitals . Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in the Mediterranean nations , those who were not fortified with phallic charms had to make use of sexual gestures to avoid the eye . Such gestures include the mano cornuta gesture and the fig sign ; a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers , representing the phallus within the vagina . In addition to the phallic talismans , statues of hands in these gestures , or covered with magical symbols , were carried by the Romans as talismans . In Latin America , carvings of the fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers continue to be carried as good luck charms . </P> Two handsigns ( fig sign and horned sign ) used in Italy against the evil eye ( 1914 ) . <P> The wielder of the evil eye , the jettatore , is described as having a striking facial appearance , high arching brows with a stark stare that leaps from his black eyes . He often has a reputation for clandestine involvement with dark powers and is the object of gossip about dealings in magic and other forbidden practices . Successful men having tremendous personal magnetism quickly gain notoriety as jettatori . Pope Pius IX was dreaded for his evil eye , and a whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century . Public figures of every type , from poets to gangsters , have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes . </P> <H3> Spain and Latin America ( edit ) </H3> <P> The evil eye or ' Mal de Ojo ' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this superstition in Latin America . </P> <P> In Mexico and Central America , infants are considered at special risk for the evil eye ( see mal de ojo , above ) and are often given an amulet bracelet as protection , typically with an eye - like spot painted on the amulet . Another preventive measure is allowing admirers to touch the infant or child ; in a similar manner , a person wearing an item of clothing that might induce envy may suggest to others that they touch it or some other way dispel envy . </P> <P> One traditional cure in rural Mexico involves a curandero ( folk healer ) sweeping a raw chicken egg over the body of a victim to absorb the power of the person with the evil eye . The egg is later broken into a glass with water and placed under the bed of the patient near the head . Sometimes it is checked immediately because the egg appears as if it has been cooked . When this happens it means that the patient did have Mal De Ojo . Somehow the Mal De Ojo has transferred to the egg and the patient immediately gets well . ( Fever , pain and diarrhea , nausea / vomiting goes away instantly ) In the traditional Hispanic culture of the Southwestern United States and some parts of Mexico , the egg may be passed over the patient in a cross-shaped pattern all over the body , while reciting The Lord 's Prayer . The egg is also placed in a glass with water , under the bed and near the head , sometimes it is examined right away or in the morning and if the egg looks like it has been cooked then it means that they did have Mal de Ojo and the patient will start feeling better . Sometimes if the patient starts getting ill and someone knows that they had stared at patient , usually a child , if the person who stared goes to the child and touches them , the child 's illness goes away immediately so the Mal De Ojo energy is released . </P> <P> In some parts of South America the act of ojear , which could be translated as to give someone the evil eye , is an involuntary act . Someone may ojear babies , animals and inanimate objects just by staring and admiring them . This may produce illness , discomfort or possibly death on babies or animals and failures on inanimate objects like cars or houses . It 's a common belief that since this is an involuntary act made by people with the heavy look , the proper way of protection is by attaching a red ribbon to the animal , baby or object , in order to attract the gaze to the ribbon rather than to the object intended to be protected .

In Greek, the phrase for "evil eye" is

How do you say evil eye in greek?

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Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery - wikipedia <H1> Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sternocostal surface of heart . Anterior descending branch labeled at upper right </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> left coronary artery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Branches </Th> <Td> septals , diagonals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Supplies </Th> <Td> anterolateral myocardium , apex , interventricular septum , 45 - 55 % of the left ventricle ( LV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> ramus interventricularis anterior arteriae coronariae sinistrae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A12. 2.03. 202 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 3862 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery , ( also left anterior descending artery ( LAD ) , or anterior descending branch ) is a branch of the left coronary artery . Occlusion of this artery is often called the widow - maker infarction due to a high death risk . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Branches </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Function </Li> <Li> 3 Widow maker </Li> <Li> 4 Additional images </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> It passes at first behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward between that vessel and the left atrium to reach the anterior interventricular sulcus , along which it descends to the notch of cardiac apex . </P> <P> Although rare , multiple anomalous courses of the LAD have been described . These include the origin of the artery from the right aortic sinus . </P> <P> In 78 % of cases , it reaches the apex of the heart . </P> <H3> Branches ( edit ) </H3> <P> The LAD gives off two types of branches : septals and diagonals . </P> <Ul> <Li> Septals originate from the LAD at 90 degrees to the surface of the heart , perforating and supplying the anterior 2 / 3rds of the interventricular septum . </Li> <Li> Diagonals run along the surface of the heart and supply the lateral wall of the left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Function ( edit ) </H2> <P> The artery supplies the anterolateral myocardium , apex , and interventricular septum . The LAD typically supplies 45 - 55 % of the left ventricle ( LV ) and is therefore considered the most critical vessel in terms of myocardial blood supply . </P> Tight , critical stenosis ( 95 % ) of the proximal LAD in a patient with Wellens ' Warning <H2> Widow maker ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Wellens ' sign <P> The widow maker is an alternate name for the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery . The name widow maker may also apply to the left coronary artery or severe occlusions to that artery . </P> <P> This term is used because the left main coronary and / or the left anterior descending supply blood to large areas of the heart . This means that if these arteries are abruptly and completely occluded it will cause a massive heart attack that will likely lead to sudden death . The blockage that kills is made up of platelets streaming to the site of a ruptured cholesterol plaque . Even a small amount of plaque in this area can ( for a variety of poorly understood reasons ) rupture and cause death ; bypassing chronic blockages or trying to open them up with angioplasty does not prevent heart attack but it can restore blood flow in case of a sudden blockage or heart attack and if performed within a rapid time period can minimize the damage done . An example of the devastating results of a complete occlusion of the LAD artery was the sudden death of former NBC News Washington Bureau Chief Tim Russert . </P> <P> From the minute a widow maker heart attack hits , survival time ranges from minutes to several hours . Rapidly progressing symptoms should signal the need for immediate attention . Symptoms of initial onset may include nausea , shortness of breath , pain in the head , jaw , arms or chest , numbness in fingers , often of a novel but imprecise sensation which builds with irregular heart beat . Early symptoms may be mistaken for food poisoning , flu or general malaise until they intensify . A widow maker can not kill instantly but induces cardiac arrest which may do so within 10 to 20 minutes of no circulation . A victim with no pulse or breath is still alive , living off oxygen stored in the blood and may be able to be rescued if treatment is begun promptly within this window . </P> <H2> Additional images ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Coronary arteries ( labeled in red text ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The arch of the aorta , and its branches . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Heart attack </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Cardiac vessels </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Human heart with coronary arteries </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Heart coronary territories </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <P> This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 547 of the 20th edition of Gray 's Anatomy ( 1918 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Topol , Eric J. ; Califf , Robert M. ( 2007 ) . Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . p. 283 . ISBN 9780781770125 . Retrieved 6 November 2014 . The most worrisome type is the proximal left anterior descending ( LAD ) MI , often referred to as the widow - maker infarction , which carries a high mortality and is attributed to an occlusion of the LAD before or at the first septal perforator . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ropers , D. ( 12 February 2002 ) . `` Anomalous Course of the Left Main or Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Originating From the Right Sinus of Valsalva : Identification of Four Common Variations by Electron Beam Tomography '' . Circulation. 105 ( 6 ) : 42e -- 43 . doi : 10.1161 / hc0602. 102020 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lewis , Kathryn ( 1 December 2009 ) . Multiple Lead ECGs : A Practical Analysis of Arrhythmias . Cengage Learning . p. 10 . ISBN 9781435441248 . Retrieved 6 November 2014 . The LAD is frequently implicated in sudden cardiac death , predominantly in adult males . Clinicians often refer to the LAD as the widow maker because obstruction here predisposes to a high incidence of sudden death . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barbara J. Aehlert ; Robert Vroman ( 2011 ) . `` 22 '' . Paramedic Practice Today : Above and Beyond ( 1st ed . ) . Jones & Bartlett Publishers . p. 819 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 323 - 08535 - 9 . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Richard Beebe ; Jeff Myers ( 11 December 2009 ) . `` 34 '' . Professional Paramedic , Volume I : Foundations of Paramedic Care . Cengage Learning . p. 764 . ISBN 1 - 4283 - 2345 - 7 . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Carlos S Restrepo ; Dianna M.E. Bardo ( 1 January 2011 ) . Cardiac Imaging . Thieme . p. 188 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 60406 - 186 - 4 . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Morgan , David ( June 13 , 2008 ) . `` TV newsman Tim Russert dies of heart attack '' . Reuters . Archived from the original on June 24 , 2008 . Retrieved June 13 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kearl , Mary ( June 2009 ) . `` Surviving a Widow - Maker Heart Attack '' . AOL Health . Retrieved June 2009 . Check date values in : access - date = ( help ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Anatomy photo : 20 : 09 - 0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - `` Heart : The Left Coronary Artery and its Branches '' </Li> <Li> Anatomy figure : 20 : 03 - 08 at Human Anatomy Online , SUNY Downstate Medical Center - `` Anterior view of the heart . '' </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Arteries of the torso and chest </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lungs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pulmonary artery <Ul> <Li> Right </Li> <Li> Left ( Ligamentum arteriosum ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Heart </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Coronary circulation </Li> <Li> Right coronary : <Ul> <Li> SA nodal </Li> <Li> AV nodal </Li> <Li> Atrial </Li> <Li> Right marginal </Li> <Li> Posterior interventricular </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Left coronary : <Ul> <Li> Anterior interventricular </Li> <Li> Left circumflex ( Left marginal ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aorta </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Sections </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ascending aorta </Li> <Li> Aortic arch </Li> <Li> Descending aorta </Li> <Li> Thoracic aorta </Li> <Li> Abdominal aorta </Li> <Li> Aortic body </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aortic arch </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Brachiocephalic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thyreoidea ima </Li> <Li> Right subclavian </Li> <Li> Right common carotid </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Left common carotid </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> External carotid </Li> <Li> Internal carotid </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Carotid body </Li> <Li> Carotid sinus </Li> <Li> Carotid bifurcation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Left subclavian </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Internal thoracic : Anterior intercostal </Li> <Li> Thymic </Li> <Li> Pericardiacophrenic </Li> <Li> Perforating branches </Li> <Li> terminal ( Musculophrenic , superior epigastric ) </Li> <Li> Costocervical trunk : Highest intercostal ( Posterior intercostal 1 -- 2 ) </Li> <Li> Deep cervical </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Descending aorta </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> visceral : Bronchial </Li> <Li> Esophageal </Li> <Li> Mediastinal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> parietal : Posterior intercostal 3 -- 11 </Li> <Li> Subcostal </Li> <Li> Superior phrenic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Anatomy portal </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anterior_interventricular_branch_of_left_coronary_artery&oldid=828527108 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray 's Anatomy ( 1918 ) </Li> <Li> Arteries of the thorax </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Pages with unresolved properties </Li> <Li> CS1 errors : dates </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 3 March 2018 , at 03 : 10 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The left anterior descending artery is located in

Where is the left anterior descending artery located?

8957581015190486025

Standard form contract - wikipedia <H1> Standard form contract </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Contract law </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Part of the common law series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Contract formation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Offer and acceptance </Li> <Li> Posting rule </Li> <Li> Mirror image rule </Li> <Li> Invitation to treat </Li> <Li> Firm offer </Li> <Li> Consideration </Li> <Li> Implication - in - fact </Li> <Li> Collateral contract </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defenses against formation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lack of capacity </Li> <Li> Duress </Li> <Li> Undue influence </Li> <Li> Illusory promise </Li> <Li> Statute of frauds </Li> <Li> Non est factum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Contract interpretation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Parol evidence rule </Li> <Li> Contract of adhesion </Li> <Li> Integration clause </Li> <Li> Contra proferentem </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Excuses for non-performance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mistake </Li> <Li> Misrepresentation </Li> <Li> Frustration of purpose </Li> <Li> Impossibility </Li> <Li> Impracticability </Li> <Li> Illegality </Li> <Li> Unclean hands </Li> <Li> Unconscionability </Li> <Li> Accord and satisfaction </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rights of third parties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Privity of contract </Li> <Li> Assignment </Li> <Li> Delegation </Li> <Li> Novation </Li> <Li> Third - party beneficiary </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Breach of contract </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anticipatory repudiation </Li> <Li> Cover </Li> <Li> Exclusion clause </Li> <Li> Efficient breach </Li> <Li> Deviation </Li> <Li> Fundamental breach </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Remedies </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Specific performance </Li> <Li> Liquidated damages </Li> <Li> Penal damages </Li> <Li> Rescission </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quasi-contractual obligations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Promissory estoppel </Li> <Li> Quantum meruit </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related areas of law </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Conflict of laws </Li> <Li> Commercial law </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other common law areas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tort law </Li> <Li> Property law </Li> <Li> Wills , trusts , and estates </Li> <Li> Criminal law </Li> <Li> Evidence </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A standard form contract ( sometimes referred to as a contract of adhesion , a leonine contract , a take - it - or - leave - it contract , or a boilerplate contract ) is a contract between two parties , where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties , and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favorable terms and is thus placed in a `` take it or leave it '' position . </P> <P> While these types of contracts are not illegal per se , there exists a very real possibility for unconscionability . In addition , in the event of an ambiguity , such ambiguity will be resolved contra proferentem against the party drafting the contract language . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Theoretical issues </Li> <Li> 2 Common law status <Ul> <Li> 2.1 United States <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Generally </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Contracts of adhesion </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Shrink wrap contracts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Canada </Li> <Li> 2.3 Australia </Li> <Li> 2.4 India </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Legislation <Ul> <Li> 3.1 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 3.2 Israel </Li> <Li> 3.3 Lithuania </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil law countries <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Russia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Theoretical issues ( edit ) </H2> <P> There is much debate on a theoretical level whether , and to what extent , courts should enforce standard form contracts . </P> <P> On one hand , they undeniably fulfill an important role of promoting economic efficiency . Standard form contracting reduces transaction costs substantially by precluding the need for buyers and sellers of goods and services to negotiate the many details of a sale contract each time the product is sold . </P> <P> On the other hand , there is the potential for inefficient , and even unjust , terms to be accepted by signatories to these contracts . Such terms might be seen as unjust if they allow the seller to avoid all liability or unilaterally modify terms or terminate the contract . These terms often come in the form of , but are not limited to , forum selection clauses and mandatory arbitration clauses , which can limit or foreclose a party 's access to the courts ; and also liquidated damages clauses , which set a limit to the amount that can be recovered or require a party to pay a specific amount . They might be inefficient if they place the risk of a negative outcome , such as defective manufacturing , on the buyer who is not in the best position to take precautions . </P> <P> There are a number of reasons why such terms might be accepted : </P> <Dl> <Dt> Standard form contracts are rarely read </Dt> <Dd> Lengthy boilerplate terms are often in fine print and written in complicated legal language which often seems irrelevant . The prospect of a buyer finding any useful information from reading such terms is correspondingly low . Even if such information is discovered , the consumer is in no position to bargain as the contract is presented on a `` take it or leave it '' basis . Coupled with the often large amount of time needed to read the terms , the expected payoff from reading the contract is low and few people would be expected to read it . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Access to the full terms may be difficult or impossible before acceptance </Dt> <Dd> Often the document being signed is not the full contract ; the purchaser is told that the rest of the terms are in another location . This reduces the likelihood of the terms being read and in some situations , such as software license agreements , can only be read after they have been notionally accepted by purchasing the good and opening the box . These contracts are typically not enforced , since common law dictates that all terms of a contract must be disclosed before the contract is executed . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Boilerplate terms are not salient </Dt> <Dd> The most important terms to purchasers of a good are generally the price and the quality , which are generally understood before the contract of adhesion is signed . Terms relating to events which have very small probabilities of occurring or which refer to particular statutes or legal rules do not seem important to the purchaser . This further lowers the chance of such terms being read and also means they are likely to be ignored even if they are read . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> There may be social pressure to sign </Dt> <Dd> Standard form contracts are signed at a point when the main details of the transaction have either been negotiated or explained . Social pressure to conclude the bargain at that point may come from a number of sources . The salesperson may imply that the purchaser is being unreasonable if they read or question the terms , saying that they are `` just something the lawyers want us to do '' or that they are wasting their time reading them . If the purchaser is at the front of a queue ( for example at an airport car rental desk ) there is additional pressure to sign quickly . Finally , if there has been negotiation over price or particular details , then concessions given by the salesperson may be seen as a gift which socially obliges the purchaser to respond by being co-operative and concluding the transaction . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Standard form contracts may exploit unequal power relations </Dt> <Dd> If the good which is being sold using a contract of adhesion is one which is essential or very important for the purchaser to buy ( such as a rental property or a needed medical item ) then the purchaser might feel they have no choice but to accept the terms . This problem may be mitigated if there are many suppliers of the good who can potentially offer different terms ( see below ) , although even this is not always possible ( for instance , a college freshman may be required to sign a standard - form dormitory rental agreement and accept its terms , because the college will not allow a freshman to live off - campus ) . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Some contend that in a competitive market , consumers have the ability to shop around for the supplier who offers them the most favorable terms and are consequently able to avoid injustice . However , in the case of credit cards ( and other oligopolies ) , for example , the consumer while having the ability to shop around may still have access to only form contracts with like terms and no opportunity for negotiation . Also , as noted , many people do not read or understand the terms so there might be very little incentive for a firm to offer favorable conditions as they would gain only a small amount of business from doing so . Even if this is the case , it is argued by some that only a small percentage of buyers need to actively read standard form contracts for it to be worthwhile for firms to offer better terms if that group is able to influence a larger number of people by affecting the firm 's reputation . </P> <P> Another factor which might mitigate the effects of competition on the content of contracts of adhesion is that , in practice , standard form contracts are usually drafted by lawyers instructed to construct them so as to minimize the firm 's liability , not necessarily to implement managers ' competitive decisions . Sometimes the contracts are written by an industry body and distributed to firms in that industry , increasing homogeneity of the contracts and reducing consumer 's ability to shop around . </P> <H2> Common law status ( edit ) </H2> <P> As a general rule , the common law treats standard form contracts like any other contract . Signature or some other objective manifestation of intent to be legally bound will bind the signor to the contract whether or not they read or understood the terms . The reality of standard form contracting , however , means that many common law jurisdictions have developed special rules with respect to them . In general , in the event of an ambiguity , the courts will interpret standard form contracts contra proferentem against the party that drafted the contract , as that party ( and only that party ) had the ability to draft the contract to remove ambiguity . </P> <H3> United States ( edit ) </H3> Generally ( edit ) <P> Standard form contracts are generally enforceable in the United States . The Uniform Commercial Code which is followed in most American states has specific provisions relating to standard form contracts for the sale or lease of goods . Furthermore , standard form contracts will be subject to special scrutiny if they are found to be contracts of adhesion . </P> Contracts of adhesion ( edit ) <P> The concept of the contract of adhesion originated in French civil law , but did not enter American jurisprudence until the Harvard Law Review published an influential article by Edwin W. Patterson in 1919 . It was subsequently adopted

The application of a contract of adhesion refers to

What does the application of contract of adhesion mean?

-9035993121375530942

Pulmonary artery - wikipedia <H1> Pulmonary artery </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pulmonary artery </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Precursor </Th> <Td> truncus arteriosus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> System </Th> <Td> Cardiovascular , Respiratory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> right ventricle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> arteria pulmonalis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> A07. 231.114. 715 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dorlands / Elsevier </Th> <Td> t_20 / 12826098 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 45842 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs . The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart , and the smallest ones are the arterioles which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Pulmonary arterial tree </Li> <Li> 2 Development </Li> <Li> 3 Function </Li> <Li> 4 Clinical significance </Li> <Li> 5 Additional images </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Pulmonary arterial tree ( edit ) </H2> Volume rendering of a high resolution CT scan of the thorax . The anterior thoracic wall , the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation . <P> In order of blood flow , the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery . The main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle . It is short and wide -- approximately 5 centimetres ( 2.0 in ) in length and 3 centimetres ( 1.2 in ) in diameter . </P> <P> The main pulmonary artery splits into the right and the left main pulmonary artery . The left main pulmonary artery is shorter and somewhat smaller than the right , passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus to the root of the left lung . Above , the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum . It then divides into two lobar arteries , one for each lobe of the left lung . The right main pulmonary artery follows a longer and more horizontal course as it crosses the mediastinum . It passes underneath the aortic arch , behind the ascending aorta , and in front of the descending aorta . It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus . Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches : </P> <Ul> <Li> truncus anterior -- supplies blood to the right upper lobe . </Li> <Li> interlobar artery -- inferior and larger branch , supplies blood to the middle and inferior lobes of the lung . </Li> </Ul> At the far end , pulmonary arteries ( labeled at bottom ) become capillaries at the pulmonary alveoli . <P> The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes , and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries . The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries ( roughly 1 for each lobe segment ) , which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries . These eventually form intralobular arteries . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <P> The pulmonary arteries originate from the truncus arteriosus and the sixth pharyngeal arch . The truncus arteriosis is a structure that forms during the development of the heart as a successor to the conus arteriosus . </P> <P> By the third week of development , the endocardial tubes have developed a swelling in the part closest to the heart . The swelling is known as the bulbus cordis and the upper part of this swelling develops into the truncus arteriosus The structure is ultimately mesodermal in origin . During development of the heart , the heart tissues undergo folding , and the truncus arteriosus is exposed to what will eventually be both the left and right ventricles . As a septum develops between the two ventricles of the heart , two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus . These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the aorta and pulmonary arteries . </P> <P> During early development , the ductus arteriosis connects the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch , allowing blood to bypass the lungs . </P> <H2> Function ( edit ) </H2> <P> The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs . The blood here passes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes oxygenated as part of the process of respiration . </P> <P> In contrast to the pulmonary arteries , the bronchial arteries supply nutrition to the lungs themselves . </P> <P> The pulmonary artery pressure ( PA pressure ) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the main pulmonary artery . This is measured by inserting a catheter into the main pulmonary artery . The mean pressure is typically 9 - 18 mmHg , and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6 - 12mmHg . The wedge pressure may be elevated in left heart failure , mitral valve stenosis , and other conditions , such as sickle cell disease . </P> <H2> Clinical significance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states . Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of the pulmonary artery , and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg . As can be measured on a CT scan , a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut - off to indicate pulmonary hypertension . This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure , lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma , or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia . </P> <P> Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation . This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis , especially after a period of immobility . A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke . A large pulmonary embolus which becomes lodged in the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk with extensions into both the left and right main pulmonary arteries is called a saddle embolus . </P> <H2> Additional images ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea , and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta , while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pulmonary circuit </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Transverse section of thorax , showing relations of pulmonary artery . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pulmonary artery </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pulmonary artery. Deep dissection. Anterior view . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> CT scan of a normal lung , with different levels of pulmonary arteries . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Bronchial anatomy </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Pulmonary artery sling </Li> <Li> Rasmussen 's aneurysm </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pulmonary Vasculature '' . University of Virginia School of Medicine . 2013 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D. Cheitlin , Melvin ; C. Ursell , Philip ( 2011 ) . `` Cardiac Anatomy '' . In Chatterjee , Kanu . Cardiology : An Illustrated Textbook . JP Medical Ltd. p. 6 . ISBN 9789350252758 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pulmonary Artery Anatomy '' . University of Virginia School of Medicine . 2013 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Takahashi M , Fukuoka J , Nitta N , Takazakura R , Nagatani Y , Murakami Y , Otani H , Murata K ( 2008 ) . `` Imaging of pulmonary emphysema : a pictorial review '' . Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 3 ( 2 ) : 193 -- 204 . PMC 2629965 . PMID 18686729 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Larsen 2009 , p. 157 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Larsen 2009 , pp. 159 - 160 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Larsen 2009 , pp. 176 - 179 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Braunwald , Eugene . Heart Disease : A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine ( Fourth ed . ) . p. 791 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Braunwald , Eugene . Heart Disease : A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine ( 4th ed . ) . p. 790 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : edited by Nicki R. Colledge , Brian R. Walker , Stuart H. Ralston ; illustrated by Robert Britton ( 2010 ) . Davidson 's principles and practice of medicine . ( 21st ed . ) . Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7020 - 3084 - 0 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) CS1 maint : Extra text : authors list ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Edwards Lifesciences LLC > Normal Hemodynamic Parameters -- Adult 2009 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pashankar FD , Carbonella J , Bazzy - Asaad A , Friedman A ( April 2008 ) . `` Prevalence and risk factors of elevated pulmonary artery pressures in children with sickle cell disease '' . Pediatrics. 121 ( 4 ) : 777 -- 82 . PMID 18381543 . doi : 10.1542 / peds. 2007 - 0730 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Prof Frank Gaillard ; et al. `` Pulmonary hypertension '' . Radiopaedia . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 27 . CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jeremy Jones ; et al. `` Saddle pulmonary embolism '' . Radiopaedia . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 08 . CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Schoenwolf ... ( et al . ) , Gary C. ( 2009 ) . Larsen 's human embryology ( 4th ed. , Thoroughly rev. and updated . ed . ) . Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier . pp. `` Development of the Urogenital system '' . ISBN 9780443068119 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Anatomy photo : 20 : 01 - 0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Heart : The Pericardial sac and Great vessels '' </Li> <Li> Anatomy photo : 20 : 07 - 0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Heart : Openings of Great Vessels into the Pericardial Sac '' </Li> <Li> Anatomy figure : 19 : 05 - 06 at Human Anatomy Online , SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Mediastinal surface of the right lung '' </Li> <Li> Anatomy figure : 19 : 06 - 02 at Human Anatomy Online , SUNY Downstate Medical Center -- `` Mediastinal surface of the left lung '' </Li> <Li> Histology image : 13802loa -- Histology Learning System at Boston University </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Arteries and veins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vessels </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Arteries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nutrient artery </Li> <Li> Arteriole <Ul> <Li> Metarteriole </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Capillaries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Types <Ul> <Li> Continuous </Li> <Li> Fenestrated </Li> <Li> Sinusoidal </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Precapillary sphincter </Li> <Li> Precapillary resistance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Veins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Vena comitans </Li> <Li>

The pulmonary trunk receives blood from

Where does the pulmonary trunk receive blood from?

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Youth Day - wikipedia <H1> Youth Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Youth Day in Donetsk , Ukraine <P> Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country . It is observed by 18 countries , on many different dates throughout the year . The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 International Youth Day </Li> <Li> 2 Country wide list </Li> <Li> 3 Angola </Li> <Li> 4 Cameroon </Li> <Li> 5 Greater China <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Mainland China </Li> <Li> 5.2 Taiwan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 India </Li> <Li> 7 Iran </Li> <Li> 8 Kiribati </Li> <Li> 9 Morocco </Li> <Li> 10 Pakistan </Li> <Li> 11 Paraguay </Li> <Li> 12 Singapore </Li> <Li> 13 South Africa </Li> <Li> 14 Thailand </Li> <Li> 15 Turkey </Li> <Li> 16 Tunisia </Li> <Li> 17 Ukraine </Li> <Li> 18 Venezuela </Li> <Li> 19 Yugoslavia </Li> <Li> 20 Zambia </Li> <Li> 21 See also </Li> <Li> 22 References </Li> <Li> 23 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> International Youth Day ( edit ) </H2> <P> International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations. The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999 . </P> <H2> Country wide list ( edit ) </H2> <P> Here is a list of all of the countries that observe this holiday and when they do . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> In memory of </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Albania </Td> <Td> December 8 </Td> <Td> Dita Kombëtare e Rinisë for fall of communism </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Angola </Td> <Td> April 14 </Td> <Td> Hoji - ya - Henda </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Azerbaijan </Td> <Td> February 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cameroon </Td> <Td> February 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> May 4 </Td> <Td> May Fourth Movement in 1919 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Taiwan </Td> <Td> March 29 </Td> <Td> ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> India </Td> <Td> January 12 </Td> <Td> Swami Vivekananda 's Birthday </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Kiribati </Td> <Td> First Monday in August </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Morocco </Td> <Td> August 21 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Pakistan </Td> <Td> March 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Paraguay </Td> <Td> September 21 </Td> <Td> Start of spring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> June 16 </Td> <Td> Soweto Student Uprising </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Thailand </Td> <Td> September 20 </Td> <Td> Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> May 19 </Td> <Td> Kemal Atatürk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Tunisia </Td> <Td> March 21 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Venezuela </Td> <Td> February 12 </Td> <Td> Battle of La Victoria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Ukraine </Td> <Td> June 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Yugoslavia </Td> <Td> May 25 </Td> <Td> Josip Broz Tito </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Zambia </Td> <Td> March 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> World Youth Day </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Angola ( edit ) </H2> <P> On April 14 , Angola observes Youth Day in memory of Hoji - ya - Henda , who was killed on that day during the Portuguese Colonial War. ( 2 ) Archived 22 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine . ( 3 ) ( 4 ) </P> <H2> Cameroon ( edit ) </H2> <P> National Youth Day is a national holiday in Cameroon on February 11 . Nation </P> <H2> Greater China ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Mainland China ( edit ) </H3> <P> Youth Day ( 青年 节 ) in the People 's Republic of China is on May 4 . It was established in December 1949 by the Government Administration Council ( 5 ) to commemorate the beginning of the May Fourth Movement . </P> <H3> Taiwan ( edit ) </H3> <P> Youth Day ( 青年 節 ) in the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) has been celebrated on March 29 since 1954 . It commemorates the Huanghuagang Uprising of 1911 , during which 72 young revolutionaries sacrificed their lives to overthrow the Qing Dynasty . The Uprising took place on April 27 ( the 29th day of the 3rd month in Chinese Calendar ) , 1911 and is subsequently known as 3.29 Guangzhou Uprising . This event also marked the last unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Qing before the Wuchang Uprising successfully overturned millennia of dynastic rule in China to establish the Republic of China . </P> <P> Originally , Youth Day was celebrated on May 4 to commemorate the patriotic May Fourth Movement in 1919 , in which many young intellectuals protested against imperialists . Since the establishment of Youth Day on March 29 , May 4 has been known as Literary Day ( 文藝 節 ) in Taiwan , as the May Fourth Movement is part of a broader New Culture Movement . </P> <H2> India ( edit ) </H2> Main article : National Youth Day ( India ) <P> Youth Day in India is celebrated on 12 January on the birthday of Swami Vivekananda . </P> <P> In 1984 , the Government of India declared and decided to observe the Birthday of Swami Vivekananda ( 12 January , according to the English calendar ) as National Youth Day every year from 1985 onwards . To quote from the Government of India 's Communication , ' It was felt that the philosophy of Swamiji and the ideals for which he lived and worked could be a great source of inspiration for the Indian Youth . ' </P> <P> Swami Vivekananda 's Birthday , according to Indian Almanac ( Vishuddha Siddhanta Almanac ) is on Pausha Krishna Saptami tithi , which falls on different dates of English Calendar every year . This is observed in various centres of Ramakrishna Math and Mission in a traditional Hindu manner which includes mangalarati , special worship , homa ( fire - ritual ) , meditation , devotional songs , religious discourses , sandhyarati ( versper service in the evenings ) , and so on . </P> <P> The National Youth Day is observed all over India at schools and colleges -- with processions , speeches , recitations , music , youth conventions , seminars , Yogasana presentation , competitions in essay - writing , recitations , speeches , music , sports , and other programs on 12 January every year . </P> <H2> Iran ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated in Iran on 11th Shaban ( Hijri Ghamari ) on the birthday of Hazrat e Alie Akbar ( first son of Imam Hossein ) . After Iran revolution in 1979 the Muslim government endeavored to replace most of the national days with religious events . </P> <H2> Kiribati ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on the first Monday of August in Kiribati . </P> <H2> Morocco ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is a public holiday in Morocco on August 21 , the birthday of the reigning monarch , Mohammed VI of Morocco . </P> <H2> Pakistan ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on March 11 in Pakistan . </P> <H2> Paraguay ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth and Spring Day ( Día de la Primavera y la Juventud ) is celebrated on September 21 in Paraguay , which marks the start of the spring season . </P> <H2> Singapore ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on first Sunday of July every year in Singapore . The next day will normally be a scheduled school holiday . </P> <H2> South Africa ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day on 16 June is a public holiday in South Africa and commemorates a protest which resulted in a wave of protests across the country known as the Soweto uprising of 1976 . It came in response to multiple issues with the Bantu Education Act and the government edict in 1974 that Afrikaans be used as medium of instruction for certain subjects in black schools . The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson , a black schoolchild shot by the police , brought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government 's reign . </P> <H2> Thailand ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 20 September each year in Thailand , National Youth Day ( Thai : วัน เยาวชน แห่ง ชาติ , Wan Yaowachon Haeng Chat ) commemorates the birth dates of Kings Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol . Thailand celebrates Youth Day on this date because of the many births in the month of September . </P> <H2> Turkey ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Commemoration of Atatürk , Youth and Sports Day <P> Youth and Sports Day ( Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı ) on May 19 in Turkey is dedicated to the youth . This day is also Atatürk Day ( Atatürk'ü Anma ) , a day of commemoration of Kemal Atatürk , the `` Father of Turkey '' , and the commemoration of the beginning of the national liberation movement initiated by Atatürk in 1919 </P> <P> The day is celebrated in honor of the arrival of Kemal Atatürk to Samsun on May 19 , 1919 , when the Turkish War of Independence began . </P> <H2> Tunisia ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on March 21 in Tunisia just after celebration of their independence . </P> <H2> Ukraine ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on the last Sunday of June in Ukraine . </P> <H2> Venezuela ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on February 12. ( 6 ) The holiday was created to commemorate all the teenagers above 12 years old who fought and died in the Battle of La Victoria ( 1812 ) , during the Venezuelan War of Independence , on February 12 , 1814. ( 7 ) </P> <H2> Yugoslavia ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day was celebrated throughout the former Yugoslavia on May 25 . This was also a celebration of Josip Broz Tito 's birthday who was in fact born on May 7 , 1892 . His birthday was celebrated on May 25 , because his troops were attacked by Nazis on May 25 , day of his birth found on his forged personal documents . In the weeks preceding the date youth ran a relay around the country and on his birthday Tito was ceremonially presented with the baton . The baton , which had passed through all major cities , contained a symbolic birthday message , ostensibly from the youth of the whole country . </P> <H2> Zambia ( edit ) </H2> <P> Youth Day is celebrated on March 12 . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <P> World Youth Day -- observed by the Roman Catholic Church </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : International Youth Day , UN.org , Retrieved 11 August 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Youth Day Archived March 31 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ June 16 , SAHistory , Retrieved 11 August 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Youth day , anydayguide.com , Retrieved 11 August 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Youth Day in Ukraine and Belarus </Li> <Li> Jump up ^

South African Youth Day was first celebrated on

When was south african youth day first celebrated?

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List of Spanish football champions - wikipedia <H1> List of Spanish football champions </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> List of Spanish football champions <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1929 - 1930 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Spain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Confederation </Th> <Td> UEFA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of teams </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current champions </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 33rd title ) ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Most championships </Th> <Td> Real Madrid ( 33 titles ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2017 -- 18 season </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Spanish football champions are the winners of the primary football competition in Spain , La Liga . The league is contested on a round robin basis and the championship awarded to the team that is top of the league at the end of the season . La Liga , first established in 1929 , originally contained ten teams . Before La Liga 's organization , the Copa del Rey -- a regionalised cup competition -- was effectively the national championship . La Liga is contested in by 20 teams ; the three lowest - placed teams are relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top three teams in that division . Of the founding teams in La Liga , only Real Madrid , Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao have not been relegated . The league was cancelled between 1936 and 1939 because of the Spanish Civil War . </P> <P> Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles . The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season . With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao , Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times , having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history , breaking its tie with Athletic 's five . Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble , which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey , and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015 . The current champions are Real Madrid , who won the 2016 -- 17 competition . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Champions </Li> <Li> 2 Total titles won <Ul> <Li> 2.1 By city </Li> <Li> 2.2 By Autonomous Community </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Notes </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Champions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Key <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Champions also won the Copa del Rey that season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Champions also won the Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League that season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> † </Td> <Td> Champions also won the European Cup / UEFA Champions League that season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ‡ </Td> <Td> Champions also won the UEFA Cup that season </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> The `` Top scorer ( s ) '' column refers to the player who scored the most goals during that season </Li> <Li> The `` Goals '' column refers to the number of goals scored by the top scorer in the league in that season </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Winner </Th> <Th> Runner - up </Th> <Th> Third place </Th> <Th> Top scorer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Top scorer 's club ( s ) </Th> <Th> Goals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Bienzobas , Paco Paco Bienzobas </Td> <Td> Real Sociedad </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 -- 30 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Arenas </Td> <Td> Gorostiza , Guillermo Guillermo Gorostiza </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 -- 31 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Racing Santander </Td> <Td> Real Sociedad </Td> <Td> Arana , Agustín Sauto Agustín Sauto Arana </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 -- 32 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Gorostiza , Guillermo Guillermo Gorostiza </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 -- 33 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Espanyol </Td> <Td> Olivares , Manuel Manuel Olivares </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 -- 34 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Racing Santander </Td> <Td> Langara , Isidro Isidro Lángara </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 -- 35 </Td> <Td> Real Betis </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> Langara , Isidro Isidro Lángara </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1935 -- 36 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> Langara , Isidro Isidro Lángara </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 -- 37 </Td> <Td colspan="14"> Spanish Civil War ( League Cancelled ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 -- 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 -- 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1939 -- 40 </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Unamuno , Victor Víctor Unamuno </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 -- 41 </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Pruden , Pruden </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 -- 42 </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> Suarez , Edmundo Edmundo Suárez </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 -- 43 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Martin , Mariano Mariano Martín </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 -- 44 </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Suarez , Edmundo Edmundo Suárez </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 -- 45 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> Zarra , Telmo Telmo Zarra </Td> <Td> Atlético Bilbao </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 -- 46 </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Zarra , Telmo Telmo Zarra </Td> <Td> Atlético Bilbao </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 -- 47 </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Atlético Aviación </Td> <Td> Zarra , Telmo Telmo Zarra </Td> <Td> Atlético Bilbao </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 -- 48 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Pahino Pahiño </Td> <Td> Celta de Vigo </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 -- 49 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Alvarez César Rodríguez Álvarez </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 -- 50 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Zarra , Telmo Telmo Zarra </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 -- 51 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Zarra , Telmo Telmo Zarra </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 -- 52 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Pahino Pahiño </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 -- 53 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Zarra , Telmo Telmo Zarra </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 -- 54 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Stefano , Alfredo Di Alfredo Di Stéfano </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 -- 55 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Arza , Juan Juan Arza </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 -- 56 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Stefano , Alfredo Di Alfredo Di Stéfano </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1956 -- 57 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Stefano , Alfredo Di Alfredo Di Stéfano </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 -- 58 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Badenes , Manuel Manuel Badenes Alfredo Di Stéfano Ricardo </Td> <Td> Valladolid Real Madrid Valencia </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 -- 59 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Stefano , Alfredo Di Alfredo Di Stéfano </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 -- 60 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Puskas , Ferenc Ferenc Puskás </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 -- 61 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Zaragoza </Td> <Td> Puskas , Ferenc Ferenc Puskás </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 -- 62 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Seminario , Juan Juan Seminario </Td> <Td> Zaragoza </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 -- 63 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> Puskas , Ferenc Ferenc Puskás </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 -- 64 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Betis </Td> <Td> Puskas , Ferenc Ferenc Puskás </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 -- 65 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Zaragoza </Td> <Td> Re , Cayetano Cayetano Ré </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 -- 66 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Vava Vavá </Td> <Td> Elche </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 -- 67 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Espanyol </Td> <Td> Machado , Waldo Waldo Machado </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 -- 68 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Las Palmas </Td> <Td> Uriarte , Fidel Fidel Uriarte </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 -- 69 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Las Palmas </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Amaro , Amancio Amancio Amaro José Eulogio Gárate </Td> <Td> Real Madrid Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 -- 70 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Amaro , Amancio Amancio Amaro Luis Aragonés José Eulogio Gárate </Td> <Td> Real Madrid Atlético Madrid Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 -- 71 </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Garate , Jose Eulogio José Eulogio Gárate Carles Rexach </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid Barcelona </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 -- 72 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Porta , Enrique Enrique Porta </Td> <Td> Granada </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 -- 73 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Espanyol </Td> <Td> Marianin Marianín </Td> <Td> Real Oviedo </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 -- 74 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Zaragoza </Td> <Td> Quini , Quini </Td> <Td> Sporting de Gijón </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1974 -- 75 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Zaragoza </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Herrero , Carlos Ruiz Carlos Ruiz Herrero </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr>

The team with the most trophies in La Liga is

Who has the most trophies in la liga?

9165137471708587191

Parable of the Prodigal Son - wikipedia <H1> Parable of the Prodigal Son </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Prodigal son '' redirects here . For other uses , see The Prodigal Son ( disambiguation ) . `` The Return of the Prodigal Son '' redirects here . For the painting by Rembrandt , see The Return of the Prodigal Son ( Rembrandt ) . For Egyptian film by Youssef Chahine , see The Return of the Prodigal Son ( film ) . The Return of the Prodigal Son ( 1773 ) by Pompeo Batoni <P> The Parable of the Prodigal Son ( also known as the Two Brothers , Lost Son , Loving Father , or Lovesick Father ) is one of the parables of Jesus and appears in Luke 15 : 11 -- 32 . Jesus Christ shares it with his disciples , the Pharisees and others . </P> <P> In the story , a father has two sons . The younger son asks for his inheritance and , after wasting his fortune ( the word prodigal means `` wastefully extravagant '' ) , becomes destitute . He returns home with the intention of begging his father to be made one of his hired servants , expecting his relationship with his father is likely severed . </P> <P> The father welcomes him back and celebrates his return . The older son refuses to participate . The father reminds the older son that one day he will inherit everything , and that they should still celebrate the return of the younger son because he was lost and is now found . </P> <P> It is the third and final part of a cycle on redemption , following the Parable of the Lost Sheep and the Parable of the Lost Coin . In Revised Common Lectionary and Latin Rite Catholic Lectionary , this parable is read on the fourth Sunday of Lent ( in Year C ) ; in the latter it is also included in the long form of the Gospel on the 24th Sunday of Ordinary Time in Year C , along with the preceding two parables of the cycle . In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is read on the Sunday of the Prodigal Son . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Narrative </Li> <Li> 2 Context and interpretation </Li> <Li> 3 Commemoration and use <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Orthodox </Li> <Li> 3.2 Catholic </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 In the arts <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Art </Li> <Li> 4.2 Stage </Li> <Li> 4.3 Popular music </Li> <Li> 4.4 Literature </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Similar parable in Mahayana Buddhism </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Narrative ( edit ) </H2> James Tissot -- The Return of the Prodigal Son ( Le retour de l'enfant prodigue ) -- Brooklyn Museum <P> The parable begins with a young man , the younger of two sons , who asks his father to give him his share of the estate . The implication is the son could not wait for his father 's death for his inheritance , he wanted it immediately . The father agrees and divides his estate between both sons . </P> <P> Upon receiving his portion of the inheritance , the younger son travels to a distant country and wastes all his money in extravagant living . Immediately thereafter , a famine strikes the land ; he becomes desperately poor and is forced to take work as a swineherd . ( This , too , would have been abhorrent to Jesus ' Jewish audience , who considered swine unclean animals . ) When he reaches the point of envying the food of the pigs he is watching , he finally comes to his senses : </P> <P> But when he came to himself he said , `` How many hired servants of my father 's have bread enough to spare , and I 'm dying with hunger ! I will get up and go to my father , and will tell him , ' Father , I have sinned against heaven , and in your sight . I am no more worthy to be called your son . Make me as one of your hired servants . ' '' He arose , and came to his father . But while he was still far off , his father saw him , and was moved with compassion , and ran towards him , and fell on his neck , and kissed him . </P> -- Luke 15 : 17 -- 20 , World English Bible <P> This implies the father was hopefully watching for the son 's return . </P> <P> The son does not even have time to finish his rehearsed speech , since the father calls for his servants to dress him in a fine robe , a ring , and sandals , and slaughter the `` fattened calf '' for a celebratory meal . </P> <P> The older son , who was at work in the fields , hears the sound of celebration , and is told about the return of his younger brother . He is not impressed , and becomes angry . He also has a speech for his father : </P> <P> But he answered his father , `` Behold , these many years I have served you , and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours , but you never gave me a goat , that I might celebrate with my friends . But when this , your son , came , who has devoured your living with prostitutes , you killed the fattened calf for him . '' </P> -- Luke 15 : 29 -- 30 , World English Bible <P> The parable concludes with the father explaining that because the younger son had returned , in a sense , from the dead , celebration was necessary : </P> <P> `` But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad , for this , your brother , was dead , and is alive again . He was lost , and is found . '' </P> -- Luke 15 : 32 , World English Bible <H2> Context and interpretation ( edit ) </H2> Engraving of the Prodigal Son as a swineherd by Hans Sebald Beham , 1538 . <P> This is the last of three parables about loss and redemption , following the parable of the Lost Sheep and the parable of the Lost Coin , that Jesus tells after the Pharisees and religious leaders accuse him of welcoming and eating with `` sinners . '' The father 's joy described in the parable reflects divine love , the `` boundless mercy of God '' , and `` God 's refusal to limit the measure of his grace . '' </P> <P> The request of the younger son for his share of the inheritance is `` brash , even insolent '' and `` tantamount to wishing that the father was dead . '' His actions do not lead to success , and he eventually becomes an indentured servant , with the degrading job of looking after pigs , and even envying them for the carob pods they eat . </P> <P> On the son 's return , the father treats him with a generosity far more than he has a right to expect . </P> <P> The older son , in contrast , seems to think in terms of `` law , merit , and reward '' , rather than `` love and graciousness . '' He may represent the Pharisees who were criticizing Jesus . </P> <P> The father , who represents the Heavenly Father , implies to the older son that his love for both sons is not dependent upon their perfection , but their willingness to return to Him with a broken heart and a contrite spirit . </P> <H2> Commemoration and Use ( edit ) </H2> Stained glass window based on the parable , Charleston , South Carolina . <H3> Orthodox ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Eastern Orthodox Church traditionally reads this story on the Sunday of the Prodigal Son , which in their liturgical year is the Sunday before Meatfare Sunday and about two weeks before the beginning of Great Lent . One common kontakion hymn of the occasion reads , </P> <P> I have recklessly forgotten Your glory , O Father ; And among sinners I have scattered the riches which You gave to me . And now I cry to You as the Prodigal : I have sinned before You , O merciful Father ; Receive me as a penitent and make me as one of Your hired servants . </P> <H3> Catholic ( edit ) </H3> <P> In his 1984 apostolic exhortation titled Reconciliatio et paenitentia ( Latin for Reconciliation and Penance ) , Pope John Paul II used this parable to explain the process of conversion and reconciliation . Emphasizing that God the Father is `` rich in mercy '' and always ready to forgive , he stated that reconciliation is a gift on his part . He stated that for the Church her `` mission of reconciliation is the initiative , full of compassionate love and mercy , of that God who is love . '' He also explored the issues raised by this parable in his second encyclical , Dives in misericordia ( Latin for Rich in Mercy ) , issued in 1980 . </P> <H2> In the arts ( edit ) </H2> Rembrandt , The Return of the Prodigal Son , 1662 -- 1669 ( Hermitage Museum , St Petersburg ) Gerard van Honthorst , 1623 , like many works of the period , allows a genre scene with moral content . The Polish Rider ; possibly the prodigal son . The subject is of much discussion . <H3> Art ( edit ) </H3> <P> Of the thirty or so parables in the canonical Gospels , this was one of the four that were shown in medieval art almost to the exclusion of the others , but not mixed in with the narrative scenes of the Life of Christ ( the others were the Wise and Foolish Virgins , Dives and Lazarus , and the Good Samaritan . The Labourers in the Vineyard also appears in Early Medieval works ) . </P> <P> From the Renaissance the numbers shown widened slightly , and the various scenes -- the high living , herding the pigs , and the return -- of the Prodigal Son became the clear favourite . Albrecht Dürer made a famous engraving of the Prodigal Son amongst the pigs ( 1496 ) , a popular subject in the Northern Renaissance . Rembrandt depicted several scenes from the parable , especially the final episode , which he etched , drew , or painted on several occasions during his career . At least one of his works , The Prodigal Son in the Tavern , a portrait of himself as the Son , revelling with his wife , is like many artists ' depictions , a way of dignifying a genre tavern scene -- if the title was indeed the original intention of the artist . His late Return of the Prodigal Son ( 1662 -- 1669 , Hermitage Museum , St Petersburg ) is one of his most popular works . </P> <H3> Stage ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the theme was a sufficiently popular subject that the Prodigal Son Play can be seen as a subgenre of the English morality play . Examples include The Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune , The Disobedient Child , and Acolastus . </P> <P> Notable adaptations for performance include an 1869 oratorio by Arthur Sullivan , an 1884 cantata by Claude Debussy , a 1929 ballet choreographed by George Balanchine to music written by Sergei Prokofiev , a 1957 ballet by Hugo Alfvén , and an opera , The Prodigal Son by Benjamin Britten ( 1968 ) . </P> <P> Many of these adaptations added to

The story of the prodigal son was told by

Who told the story of the prodigal son?

-5011119306587397321

All That : the Album - wikipedia <H1> All That : the Album </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> All That : The Album </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Various Artists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 26 , 1996 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1994 - 1996 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Hip hop , R&B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 41 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Loud , RCA , Nick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Tracy Sullivan </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allmusic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> All That : The Album is the soundtrack of musical performances and sketch clips from the hit Nickelodeon television series All That . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Track listing </Li> <Li> 2 Dialogues </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dd> 1 . 5 Minutes ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 14 </Dd> <Dd> 2 . TLC - All That Theme Song 1 : 04 </Dd> <Dd> 3 . Good Burger / Good Weenie ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 26 </Dd> <Dd> 4 . Immature featuring Smooth and Kel Mitchell as Ed from Good Burger - Watch Me Do My Thing 3 : 50 </Dd> <Dd> 5 . Superdude ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 24 </Dd> <Dd> 6 . Brandy - Baby 5 : 12 </Dd> <Dd> 7 . Ed & Coolio ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 32 </Dd> <Dd> 8 . Coolio - Fantastic Voyage 4 : 01 </Dd> <Dd> 9 . Vital Information I ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 09 </Dd> <Dd> 10 . Mokenstef - He 's Mine 4 : 13 </Dd> <Dd> 11 . Miss Fingerly V. Bacteria ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 18 </Dd> <Dd> 12 . Soul For Real - Candy Rain 4 : 28 </Dd> <Dd> 13 . Coach Kreeton ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 08 </Dd> <Dd> 14 . Aaliyah - Age Ai n't Nothing but a Number 4 : 11 </Dd> <Dd> 15 . Loud Librarian ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 33 </Dd> <Dd> 16 . Naughty By Nature - Clap Yo ' Hands 3 : 58 </Dd> <Dd> 17 . Earboy & Pizza Face ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 32 </Dd> <Dd> 18 . Faith Evans - You Used to Love Me 4 : 28 </Dd> <Dd> 19 . Vital Information II ( All That Dialogue ) 0 : 06 </Dd> <Dd> 20 . Immature - We Got It 2 : 51 </Dd> <Dd> 21 . TLC - All That - Outro Theme Song 1 : 13 </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Dialogues ( edit ) </H2> <P> The album was created and recorded in 1994 - 1996 . The songs were from musical guest in Seasons 1 ( 1994 - 1995 ) through Season 2 ( 1995 - 1996 ) . The dialogues were directly from All That sketches like Good Burger , Vital Information , and Superdude . This CD was not released till a week after the premiere of Season 3 , so Amanda Bynes is not in the CD , nor is Angelique Bates , due to her small number of characters in the show , but she was heard briefly in the `` Miss Fingerly v. Bacteria '' dialogue . </P> <P> After the release of iCarly CD , it contained dialogues like The Album , but they were recorded to recap certain episodes from the first season . The Drake & Josh soundtrack and Zoey 101 : Music Mix did not contain any dialogues from their releases . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` All That : The Album '' . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 13 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Allmusic review </Li> </Ol> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> All That </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> All That </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Cast members </Li> <Li> Characters </Li> <Li> Musical guests </Li> <Li> Sketches </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Season 1 ( 1994 -- 95 ) </Li> <Li> Season 2 ( 1995 -- 96 ) </Li> <Li> Season 3 ( 1996 -- 97 ) </Li> <Li> Season 4 ( 1997 -- 98 ) </Li> <Li> Season 5 ( 1998 -- 99 ) </Li> <Li> Season 6 ( 2000 -- 01 ) </Li> <Li> Season 7 ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Season 8 ( 2002 -- 03 ) </Li> <Li> Season 9 ( 2003 -- 04 ) </Li> <Li> Season 10 ( 2005 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> All That : The Album ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> All That : Fresh out the Box ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> All That Live ! ( 100th episode ) ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> All That ! Music and More Festival ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> RU All That ? ( 2003 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spin - off series and film </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Action League Now ! </Li> <Li> The Amanda Show </Li> <Li> Kenan & Kel </Li> <Li> The Nick Cannon Show </Li> <Li> Good Burger </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related series </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> KaBlam ! </Li> <Li> Figure It Out </Li> <Li> Oh Yeah ! Cartoons </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> See also </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The ' 90s Are All That </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_That:_The_Album&oldid=836706554 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> All That </Li> <Li> Hip hop soundtracks </Li> <Li> Television soundtracks </Li> <Li> 1996 soundtracks </Li> <Li> Columbia Records soundtracks </Li> <Li> Rhythm and blues soundtracks </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nederlands </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 11 : 33 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The theme song to the TV show "All That" is sung by

Who sings the theme song to all that?

1374897305605891319

2017 SEC Championship game - wikipedia <H1> 2017 SEC Championship game </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2017 SEC Championship Game </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Georgia Bulldogs </Td> <Td> Auburn Tigers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 11 -- 1 ) </Td> <Td> ( 10 -- 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Head coach : Kirby Smart </Td> <Td> Head coach : Gus Malzahn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> AP </Td> <Td> Coaches </Td> <Td> CFP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> AP </Td> <Td> Coaches </Td> <Td> CFP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Auburn </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> December 2 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stadium </Th> <Td> Mercedes - Benz Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MVP </Th> <Td> Roquan Smith </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Favorite </Th> <Td> Georgia by 1.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> John McDaid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 76,534 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> United States TV coverage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Network </Th> <Td> CBS , Westwood One , SEC Radio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Announcers </Th> <Td> Brad Nessler , Gary Danielson and Allie LaForce ( CBS ) Ryan Radtke , Derek Rackley and Olivia Harlan ( Westwood One ) Dave Neal , David Archer and David Crane ( SEC Radio ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> SEC Championship Game </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> < 2016 </Td> <Td> 2018 > </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="99"> 2017 SEC football standings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Th> <Th colspan="5"> Conf </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th colspan="5"> Overall </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="99"> East Division </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No. 2 Georgia xy $ ^ </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missouri </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vanderbilt </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="99"> West Division </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No. 10 Auburn xy </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No. 1 Alabama x# ^ </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No. 18 LSU </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No. 19 Mississippi State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Texas A&M </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ole Miss * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arkansas </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="99"> Championship : Georgia 28 , Auburn 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="99"> <Ul> <Li> # -- College Football Playoff champion </Li> <Li> ^ -- College Football Playoff participant </Li> <Li> $ -- Conference champion </Li> <Li> x -- Division champion / co-champions </Li> <Li> y -- Championship game participant </Li> <Li> * Ole Miss was ordered to vacate all wins due to NCAA violations </Li> </Ul> Rankings from AP Poll </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2017 SEC Championship Game was played on December 2 , 2017 at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta , Georgia , and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . This was the first SEC Conference football championship at the Mercedes - Benz Stadium . The game featured the Eastern Division Champion , 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team against the Western Division Co-Champion , the 2017 Auburn Tigers football team , in a rematch of the their rivalry game , which was won by Auburn by a score of 40 - 17 , on November 11 , 2017 . This game marked the first time that any permanent cross division rivals faced off in the SEC Championship Game . This was also the first SEC Championship Game with new SEC on CBS announcer Brad Nessler replacing Verne Lundquist , who retired in 2016 . The game was televised nationally by CBS . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 2016 season </Li> <Li> 2 Teams </Li> <Li> 3 Game summary <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Scoring summary </Li> <Li> 3.2 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> 2016 season ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the 2016 SEC Championship Game , the western division champion Alabama defeated the eastern division champion Florida 54 -- 16 in a rematch of the 2015 SEC Championship Game . It was the last SEC title game to be held at the Georgia Dome , which was demolished shortly before the 2017 title game , following the opening of Mercedes - Benz Stadium . </P> <H2> Teams ( edit ) </H2> <P> Auburn </P> <P> The Auburn Tigers clinched the SEC Western Divison ( Co-Champion ) and a spot in the SEC Championship Game after defeating rival Alabama in the final game of the regular season . The Tigers got off to a slow start , allowing 11 sacks in a 14 -- 6 loss at ACC foe and # 3 ranked Clemson . However , the Tigers rebounded by winning 4 straight games , all blowouts , and were ranked # 10 going into a game at LSU , in which Auburn was heavily favored . Auburn built a 20 -- 0 lead in the first half , only to see it slip away in the second half as the Auburn Tigers fell to LSU 27 -- 23 . The Tigers then defeated conference foes Arkansas and Texas A&M in blowouts before facing AP ranked # 2 Georgia on November 11 , by which point the Tigers had climbed back up to # 10 in the AP Poll . The Tigers dominated the Bulldogs 40 -- 17 , and moved up to # 6 in the polls as a result . After a tune - up game against Louisiana -- Monroe , the # 6 Tigers faced # 1 ranked Alabama , with the winner going to the SEC Championship . It was the Tigers who prevailed 26 -- 14 , setting up a rematch against Georgia . </P> <P> Georgia </P> <P> The Bulldogs clinched the SEC Eastern Division after beating rival South Carolina on November 4 . It was the earliest a spot in the SEC Championship Game had been clinched since 2009 . The Bulldogs had a great regular season , going 11 -- 1 . In the second game of the year , the Bulldogs defeated Notre Dame 20 -- 19 on a late field goal . Later in September , they defeated # 17 ranked Mississippi State 31 -- 3 , solidifying themselves as title contenders . After victories over lesser conference foes , the Bulldogs had a chance to clinch the SEC East with a victory over Florida . They dominated the Gators 42 -- 7 . After a win over South Carolina , the Bulldogs were ranked # 1 in the CFP poll and # 2 in the AP Poll . However , that week they were defeated handily by Auburn for their first loss of the year . The Bulldogs bounced back and defeated Kentucky and rival Georgia Tech to set up a rematch with Auburn . </P> <H2> Game summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> Georgia and Auburn met in the SEC Championship Game , the first ever in the Mercedes - Benz Stadium , for a rematch of the regular - season contest . Auburn scored an early touchdown on their first drive of the game , going 75 yards on 10 plays . The Auburn defense forced Georgia to punt on their first drive after 7 plays . Both teams would go three - and - out on their next drives . Early into the second quarter , Auburn drove into the red zone before Jarrett Stidham fumbled the ball as he was sacked by Davin Bellamy . Roquan Smith recovered the fumble , and Georgia subsequently scored their first touchdown of the game on a 7 play , 83 - yard drive . Auburn was forced to go three - and - out afterwards , and Georgia responded with a 27 - yard field goal to take their first lead of the game . This field goal should have been a touchdown , but for a terrible `` pick '' called foul by the referees , Georgia settled for the 3 points . Neither team would score for the remainder of the first half . </P> <P> Georgia received the ball at the beginning of the first half , but they were forced to punt after 5 plays . Auburn would once again march into the red zone , but this time , Daniel Carlson 's 31 - yard field goal attempt was blocked by DaQuan Hawkins - Muckle and recovered by Dominick Sanders . Both teams traded punts on their next drives . Late into the third quarter , Georgia extended their lead to 13 - 7 with a 35 - yard field goal . On Auburn 's next drive , Lorenzo Carter forced Kerryon Johnson to fumble the ball , and Roquan Smith again recovered the fumble . Georgia would subsequently score a touchdown on a 4 - play , 39 - yard drive , capped off by

The teams playing in the 2017 SEC Championship were the

Who's playing in the sec championship 2017?

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Good Morning ( 1939 song ) - Wikipedia <H1> Good Morning ( 1939 song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Good Morning is a song by Nacio Herb Brown ( music ) and Arthur Freed ( lyrics ) written for the 1939 film Babes in Arms and performed by Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney . Its best known performance was in the 1952 hit musical film Singin ' in the Rain , where it was sung by Debbie Reynolds , Gene Kelly and Donald O'Connor . In 2004 the version in Singin ' in the Rain finished at # 72 on AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Songs survey of the top tunes in American cinema . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Track list in the liner notes of the `` Music from the original motion picture soundtrack ( deluxe edition ) Singin ' in the Rain '' double CD by Rhino Entertainment and Turner Classic Movies . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This 1930s song article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Good_Morning_(1939_song)&oldid=783527381 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1930s song stubs </Li> <Li> 1939 songs </Li> <Li> Songs with lyrics by Arthur Freed </Li> <Li> Songs with music by Nacio Herb Brown </Li> <Li> Judy Garland songs </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 2 June 2017 , at 21 : 46 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "Good Morning" was sung by

Who sang the song good morning good morning?

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Mall of America - wikipedia <H1> Mall of America </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Mall of the Americas . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mall of America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Mall of America logo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alternative names </Th> <Td> MoA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Shopping mall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Address </Th> <Td> 60 East Broadway , Bloomington , Minnesota , United States 55425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 44 ° 51 ′ 15 '' N 93 ° 14 ′ 32 '' W  /  44.85417 ° N 93.24222 ° W  / 44.85417 ; - 93.24222 Coordinates : 44 ° 51 ′ 15 '' N 93 ° 14 ′ 32 '' W  /  44.85417 ° N 93.24222 ° W  / 44.85417 ; - 93.24222 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening </Th> <Td> August 11 , 1992 ; 25 years ago ( 1992 - 08 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Triple Five Group </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Technical details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Floor count </Th> <Td> 4 on East and South Wings 3 on North and West Wings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Floor area </Th> <Td> 2,500,000 sq ft ( 230,000 m ) + 5,400,000 sq ft ( 500,000 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Design and construction </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Architecture firm </Th> <Td> HGA , KKE Architects , Inc. , Jerde Partnership </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main contractor </Th> <Td> Melvin Simon & Associates Triple Five Group </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of stores </Th> <Td> 500 + </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of anchors </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parking </Th> <Td> 12,287 spaces ( Two 7 - story ramps and two overflow surface lots ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> mallofamerica.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mall of America ( commonly , locally known as `` MOA '' or `` the mall '' ) is a shopping mall located in Bloomington , Minnesota , United States ( a suburb of the Twin Cities ) . Southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77 , north of the Minnesota River and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis -- St. Paul International Airport . Opened in 1992 , it is the second largest mall in terms of leaseable space , the largest mall in the United States in terms of total floor area ( including Nickelodeon Universe ) , and the twelfth largest in the world . </P> <P> The mall is managed by the Triple Five Group ( which in turn is owned by Canada 's Ghermezian family , along with the West Edmonton Mall ) . Eighty percent of visitors to the Mall of America are from Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , the Dakotas , Illinois , Ohio , and Canada . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Architecture </Li> <Li> 3 Tenants </Li> <Li> 4 Attractions </Li> <Li> 5 Nostalgic artifacts and memorials </Li> <Li> 6 Transit </Li> <Li> 7 Security </Li> <Li> 8 Criticism </Li> <Li> 9 Addition / expansion </Li> <Li> 10 Amusement park and other features </Li> <Li> 11 Usage in media </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> One escalator well <P> The mall 's concept was designed by the Triple Five Group , owned by the Ghermezian brothers , who also own the largest shopping mall in North America , the West Edmonton Mall . Mall of America is located on the site of the former Metropolitan Stadium , where the Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Twins played until the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome opened in 1982 . A plaque in the amusement park commemorates the former location of home plate , and one seat from Met Stadium was placed in Mall of America at the exact location it occupied in the stadium , commemorating a 520 - foot ( 160 m ) home run hit by hall - of - famer Harmon Killebrew on June 3 , 1967 . </P> <P> In 1986 , the Bloomington Port Authority signed an agreement with the Ghermezian organization . Groundbreaking for the mall took place on June 14 , 1989 . Organizations involved include Melvin Simon and Associates , Teachers Insurance and Annuity ( a.k.a. TIAA ) , the Triple Five Group , and the office of architect Jon Jerde . </P> <P> Mall of America opened its doors to the public on August 11 , 1992 . Even before opening , the mall had earned several nicknames , including `` The Megamall '' , `` Sprawl of America '' , `` Hugedale '' -- in reference to the four major `` dale '' shopping malls within the Twin Cities : Rosedale , Southdale , Ridgedale , and ( defunct as of 2010 ) Brookdale -- and simply , `` The Mall '' . </P> <P> Mall of America became the largest shopping mall in total area and largest in total store vendors in the United States when it opened . The Mall of America 's 42 million annual visitors equal roughly eight times the population of the state of Minnesota . The mall employs over 11,000 workers year - round and 13,000 during peak seasons . </P> <P> During its run as an all - encompassing entertainment and retail venue , certain aspects , particularly its bars , have come under scrutiny . In early - 2000 a Mardi Gras - themed bar , Fat Tuesday , shut its doors due to indecent exposure and alcohol - related offenses . </P> <P> In 2003 , after a protracted six - year legal battle between Simon Property Group , the managing general partner of the property , and the Ghermezian brothers / Triple Five Group , over majority ownership of the site , a federal appeals court ruled in favor of the Ghermezians , effectively transferring control and planning authority of the mall back to the creator of the concept . The dispute stemmed from a 1999 purchase of Teacher 's Insurance 's 27.5 % equity stake by Simon Properties , giving them majority ownership . The Ghermezians claimed they were never told of the deal and sued Simon , citing fiduciary responsibility . </P> <P> On November 3 , 2006 , the Ghermezians gained full control of Mall of America by spending US $1 billion . </P> <P> On May 18 , 2008 , the Minnesota State Legislature passed a bill granting the City of Bloomington the right to use $34 million in tax - increment - financing to pay for public infrastructure to support the MOA expansion . In early 2011 , construction began on an expansion of the south side of the mall near Killebrew Drive , where the 506 - room Radisson Blu hotel opened in March 2013 . The addition of this hotel was for the purposes of increasing accessibility to the park and making the Mall of America a destination location for anyone . The addition of the light rail between the airport and the Mall of America also enabled people with layovers in Minneapolis to spend a convenient afternoon at the Mall of America . </P> <P> On November 29 , 2011 , Google announced indoor maps for Mall of America along with several other places like airports , parks and public spaces . </P> <P> On January 3 , 2012 , Macy 's Inc. announced it would close its Bloomingdale 's location at the Mall of America . </P> <P> On March 24 , 2012 , the Triple Five Group announced the start of a $200 million expansion that would build into the north parking lot of the mall . Rather than the long planned Phase II expansion , this would be a step in building this expansion . The plans call for an additional hotel and an additional 200,000 square feet ( 19,000 m ) of retail space . In March 2014 , ground was broken on the mall 's north side for the $104 million , 14 - story JW Marriott hotel , owned and financed by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community . </P> <P> In winter 2012 -- 2013 , Mall of America hosted a 40 feet ( 12 m ) tall ice castle made of icicles formed from 4 million gallons of water and then fused together . The castle joined 50 large ice towers together to create a series of shimmering archways , tunnels , walls and caverns . </P> <P> In 2016 , King of Prussia Mall in King of Prussia , PA finished building a 140,000 + square ft. expansion with all new shops and restaurants connecting its two buildings ; the plaza , and the court . This expansion meant that Mall of America lost its spot of being the largest . </P> <H2> Architecture ( edit ) </H2> Sign at a Mall of America entrance , removed in 2014 as part of the Phase II expansion The Mall of America has three levels on its West side , pictured above . <P> The Mall of America has a gross area of 4,870,000 sq ft ( 452,000 m ) or 96.4 acres ( 390,000 m ) , enough to fit seven Yankee Stadiums inside , with 2,500,000 sq ft ( 230,000 m ) available as retail space . The mall is nearly symmetric , with a roughly rectangular floor plan . More than 530 stores are arranged along three levels of pedestrian walkways on the sides of the rectangle , with a fourth level on the east side . Four anchor department stores are located at the corners . The mall is organized into four different zones , each of those zones had its own decorative style until a series of renovations from 2010 to 2015 led to a unified and more luxurious style , as well as to coincide with the mall 's first major expansion . </P> <P> Despite Minnesota 's cold winters , only the mall 's entrances and some below ground areas are heated . Heat is allowed in through skylights above the central amusement park area . The majority of the heat is produced by lighting fixtures , other electric devices , and people in the mall . In fact , even during the winter , air conditioning systems may still be in use during peak hours to ensure a comfortable shopping environment . Although the common areas are unheated , the individual stores do have heating systems . </P> <P> Two nearly identical seven - story parking ramps on the east and west sides of the mall provide 12,287 parking spaces . Overflow parking north of the building provides an additional 1,200 -- 1,500 spaces , and 1,407 spaces are provided by IKEA that is part of the Phase II expansion of the mall which is under construction . </P> <H2> Tenants ( edit ) </H2> <P> Level One is the location of Nickelodeon Universe amusement park ( formerly Camp Snoopy ) , and first level of general retail which includes Sea Life Minnesota , Hard Rock Cafe , Lego Store , American Girl Place , Apple Store , Barnes & Noble , Fabletics , Sears , Macy 's , and Microsoft Store , Level Two features restaurants , shopping , MOA ® Moments , and the first Verizon Wireless Destination Store . Level Three has two food courts with more than 20 fast food and full service restaurants , mini-golf , shopping , and Crayola Experience . Level Four is the entertainment level with Hooters , Cantina # 1 , Rick Bronson 's House of Comedy , Gameworks , Dick 's Last Resort , Sky Deck Sports Grille and Lane , and the first U.S. location of SMAAASH , a virtual reality sports entertainment center . </P> <P> The Theatres at Mall of America ( Initially run by General Cinemas , bought out then rebranded

The primary purpose of the Mall of America was

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List of the busiest airports in the United States - wikipedia <H1> List of the busiest airports in the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> These are lists of the busiest airports in the United States , based on various ranking criteria . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Busiest US airports by total passenger boardings </Li> <Li> 2 45 busiest US airports by total passenger traffic ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 3 20 busiest US airports by international passenger traffic ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 4 10 busiest airports in the US by total cargo throughput ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Busiest U.S. airports by total passenger boardings ( edit ) </H2> <P> The FAA uses passenger boarding for a full calendar year to determine Airport Improvement Program ( AIP ) entitlements . </P> <P> The term hub is used by the FAA to identify very busy commercial service airports . For instance , large hubs are those airports that each account for at least one percent of total U.S. passenger enplanements . Medium hubs are defined as airports that each account for between 0.25 percent and one percent of the total passenger enplanements . According to preliminary FAA data , in 2014 there were 30 large hubs and 30 medium hubs . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank ( 2016 ) </Th> <Th> Airports ( large hubs ) </Th> <Th> IATA Code </Th> <Th> Major city served </Th> <Th> State </Th> <Th> 2017 </Th> <Th> 2016 </Th> <Th> 2015 </Th> <Th> 2014 </Th> <Th> 2013 </Th> <Th> 2012 </Th> <Th> 2011 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 2009 </Th> <Th> 2008 </Th> <Th> 2007 </Th> <Th> 2006 </Th> <Th> 2005 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hartsfield -- Jackson Atlanta International Airport </Td> <Td> ATL </Td> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> GA </Td> <Td> 51,916,451 </Td> <Td> 50,501,858 </Td> <Td> 49,340,732 </Td> <Td> 46,604,273 </Td> <Td> 45,308,407 </Td> <Td> 45,798,809 </Td> <Td> 44,414,121 </Td> <Td> 43,130,585 </Td> <Td> 42,280,868 </Td> <Td> 43,236,665 </Td> <Td> 43,236,665 </Td> <Td> 41,352,038 </Td> <Td> 42,402,653 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Los Angeles International Airport </Td> <Td> LAX </Td> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> CA </Td> <Td> 42,459,545 </Td> <Td> 39,636,042 </Td> <Td> 36,351,226 </Td> <Td> 34,314,197 </Td> <Td> 32,425,892 </Td> <Td> 31,326,268 </Td> <Td> 30,528,737 </Td> <Td> 28,857,755 </Td> <Td> 27,439,897 </Td> <Td> 28,861,477 </Td> <Td> 30,113,985 </Td> <Td> 29,357,327 </Td> <Td> 29,372,272 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> O'Hare International Airport </Td> <Td> ORD </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> IL </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 37,589,899 </Td> <Td> 36,305,668 </Td> <Td> 33,686,811 </Td> <Td> 32,317,835 </Td> <Td> 32,171,743 </Td> <Td> 31,892,301 </Td> <Td> 32,171,831 </Td> <Td> 31,135,732 </Td> <Td> 33,683,991 </Td> <Td> 36,521,585 </Td> <Td> 36,825,097 </Td> <Td> 36,720,005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dallas / Fort Worth International Airport </Td> <Td> DFW </Td> <Td> Dallas / Fort Worth </Td> <Td> TX </Td> <Td> 33,528,927 </Td> <Td> 31,283,579 </Td> <Td> 31,589,832 </Td> <Td> 30,766,940 </Td> <Td> 29,038,128 </Td> <Td> 28,022,877 </Td> <Td> 27,518,358 </Td> <Td> 27,100,656 </Td> <Td> 26,663,984 </Td> <Td> 27,219,985 </Td> <Td> 28,482,417 </Td> <Td> 28,627,749 </Td> <Td> 28,079,147 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Denver International Airport </Td> <Td> DEN </Td> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> CO </Td> <Td> 30,714,011 </Td> <Td> 28,267,394 </Td> <Td> 26,280,043 </Td> <Td> 26,000,591 </Td> <Td> 25,496,885 </Td> <Td> 25,799,832 </Td> <Td> 25,667,499 </Td> <Td> 25,241,962 </Td> <Td> 24,013,669 </Td> <Td> 24,287,939 </Td> <Td> 20,796,173 </Td> <Td> 20,591,909 </Td> <Td> 20,315,544 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> John F. Kennedy International Airport </Td> <Td> JFK </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> NY </Td> <Td> 29,458,297 </Td> <Td> 29,239,151 </Td> <Td> 27,782,369 </Td> <Td> 26,244,928 </Td> <Td> 25,036,358 </Td> <Td> 24,520,943 </Td> <Td> 23,664,830 </Td> <Td> 22,934,047 </Td> <Td> 22,710,272 </Td> <Td> 23,620,948 </Td> <Td> 23,401,351 </Td> <Td> 21,071,501 </Td> <Td> 20,260,359 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> San Francisco International Airport </Td> <Td> SFO </Td> <Td> San Francisco </Td> <Td> CA </Td> <Td> 27,862,429 </Td> <Td> 25,707,101 </Td> <Td> 24,190,549 </Td> <Td> 22,756,008 </Td> <Td> 21,704,626 </Td> <Td> 21,284,224 </Td> <Td> 20,038,679 </Td> <Td> 19,359,003 </Td> <Td> 18,467,908 </Td> <Td> 18,135,827 </Td> <Td> 17,280,328 </Td> <Td> 16,236,592 </Td> <Td> 16,070,133 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> McCarran International Airport </Td> <Td> LAS </Td> <Td> Las Vegas </Td> <Td> NV </Td> <Td> 24,248,814 </Td> <Td> 22,833,267 </Td> <Td> 21,824,231 </Td> <Td> 20,551,016 </Td> <Td> 19,946,179 </Td> <Td> 19,941,173 </Td> <Td> 19,854,759 </Td> <Td> 18,996,738 </Td> <Td> 19,445,952 </Td> <Td> 21,024,443 </Td> <Td> 22,537,950 </Td> <Td> 22,028,521 </Td> <Td> 21,402,676 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport </Td> <Td> SEA </Td> <Td> Seattle / Tacoma </Td> <Td> WA </Td> <Td> 23,518,824 </Td> <Td> 21,887,110 </Td> <Td> 21,231,781 </Td> <Td> 18,781,489 </Td> <Td> 17,450,425 </Td> <Td> 16,625,787 </Td> <Td> 16,425,732 </Td> <Td> 15,406,243 </Td> <Td> 15,273,092 </Td> <Td> 15,839,504 </Td> <Td> 15,419,116 </Td> <Td> 14,703,928 </Td> <Td> 14,359,530 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Charlotte Douglas International Airport </Td> <Td> CLT </Td> <Td> Charlotte </Td> <Td> NC </Td> <Td> 22,917,874 </Td> <Td> 22,173,747 </Td> <Td> 21,913,166 </Td> <Td> 21,542,277 </Td> <Td> 21,346,601 </Td> <Td> 20,032,426 </Td> <Td> 19,022,535 </Td> <Td> 18,629,181 </Td> <Td> 18,165,476 </Td> <Td> 19,291,428 </Td> <Td> 16,884,780 </Td> <Td> 14,949,568 </Td> <Td> 14,109,608 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Orlando International Airport </Td> <Td> MCO </Td> <Td> Orlando </Td> <Td> FL </Td> <Td> 22,215,929 </Td> <Td> 20,283,541 </Td> <Td> 18,759,938 </Td> <Td> 17,278,608 </Td> <Td> 16,884,524 </Td> <Td> 17,159,425 </Td> <Td> 17,250,415 </Td> <Td> 17,017,491 </Td> <Td> 16,371,016 </Td> <Td> 17,288,480 </Td> <Td> 17,614,679 </Td> <Td> 16,807,856 </Td> <Td> 16,592,133 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport </Td> <Td> PHX </Td> <Td> Phoenix </Td> <Td> AZ </Td> <Td> 22,016,714 </Td> <Td> 20,896,265 </Td> <Td> 21,351,445 </Td> <Td> 20,344,867 </Td> <Td> 19,525,109 </Td> <Td> 19,556,189 </Td> <Td> 19,750,306 </Td> <Td> 18,907,171 </Td> <Td> 18,559,647 </Td> <Td> 19,450,576 </Td> <Td> 20,767,144 </Td> <Td> 20,479,291 </Td> <Td> 19,032,196 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Miami International Airport </Td> <Td> MIA </Td> <Td> Miami </Td> <Td> FL </Td> <Td> 21,747,189 </Td> <Td> 20,875,813 </Td> <Td> 20,986,341 </Td> <Td> 19,468,523 </Td> <Td> 19,420,089 </Td> <Td> 18,987,488 </Td> <Td> 18,342,158 </Td> <Td> 17,017,654 </Td> <Td> 16,187,768 </Td> <Td> 16,377,488 </Td> <Td> 16,194,162 </Td> <Td> 15,664,791 </Td> <Td> 15,092,763 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Newark Liberty International Airport </Td> <Td> EWR </Td> <Td> Newark </Td> <Td> NJ </Td> <Td> 21,507,885 </Td> <Td> 19,834,792 </Td> <Td> 19,923,009 </Td> <Td> 17,680,826 </Td> <Td> 17,546,506 </Td> <Td> 17,035,098 </Td> <Td> 16,814,092 </Td> <Td> 16,571,754 </Td> <Td> 16,659,441 </Td> <Td> 17,599,578 </Td> <Td> 18,163,652 </Td> <Td> 17,804,107 </Td> <Td> 16,444,959 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> George Bush Intercontinental Airport </Td> <Td> IAH </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> TX </Td> <Td> 20,367,204 </Td> <Td> 20,062,072 </Td> <Td> 20,595,874 </Td> <Td> 19,772,054 </Td> <Td> 18,952,840 </Td> <Td> 19,038,958 </Td> <Td> 19,306,660 </Td> <Td> 19,528,631 </Td> <Td> 19,290,239 </Td> <Td> 20,030,898 </Td> <Td> 24,117,623 </Td> <Td> 22,822,111 </Td> <Td> 20,799,886 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Logan International Airport </Td> <Td> BOS </Td> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> MA </Td> <Td> 19,145,096 </Td> <Td> 17,749,202 </Td> <Td> 17,759,044 </Td> <Td> 15,425,869 </Td> <Td> 14,810,153 </Td> <Td> 14,293,675 </Td> <Td> 14,171,476 </Td> <Td> 13,561,814 </Td> <Td> 12,566,797 </Td> <Td> 12,820,489 </Td> <Td> 13,783,297 </Td> <Td> 13,544,552 </Td> <Td> 13,214,923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Minneapolis -- Saint Paul International Airport </Td> <Td> MSP </Td> <Td> Minneapolis / St. Paul </Td> <Td> MN </Td> <Td> 19,002,544 </Td> <Td> 18,123,844 </Td> <Td> 17,634,252 </Td> <Td> 16,972,678 </Td> <Td> 16,280,835 </Td> <Td> 15,943,751 </Td> <Td> 15,895,653 </Td> <Td> 15,512,487 </Td> <Td> 15,551,206 </Td> <Td> 16,369,324 </Td> <Td> 16,962,563 </Td> <Td> 17,192,410 </Td> <Td> 17,971,771 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Detroit Metropolitan Airport </Td> <Td> DTW </Td> <Td> Detroit </Td> <Td> MI </Td> <Td> 17,325,600 </Td> <Td> 16,826,287 </Td> <Td> 16,847,135 </Td> <Td> 15,775,941 </Td> <Td> 15,683,523 </Td> <Td> 15,599,877 </Td> <Td> 15,716,865 </Td> <Td> 15,643,890 </Td> <Td> 15,211,402 </Td> <Td> 16,998,174 </Td> <Td> 17,495,135 </Td> <Td> 17,483,468 </Td> <Td> 17,580,363 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Philadelphia International Airport </Td> <Td> PHL </Td> <Td> Philadelphia </Td> <Td> PA </Td> <Td> 14,760,585 </Td> <Td> 14,564,419 </Td> <Td> 15,101,318 </Td> <Td> 14,747,112 </Td> <Td> 14,727,945 </Td> <Td> 14,587,631 </Td> <Td> 14,883,180 </Td> <Td> 14,951,254 </Td> <Td> 15,002,961 </Td> <Td> 15,586,852 </Td> <Td> 15,656,653 </Td> <Td> 15,390,848 </Td> <Td> 15,376,569 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> LaGuardia Airport </Td> <Td> LGA </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> NY </Td> <Td> 14,737,834 </Td> <Td> 14,706,123 </Td> <Td> 14,762,593 </Td> <Td> 13,415,797 </Td> <Td> 13,372,269 </Td> <Td> 12,818,717 </Td> <Td> 11,989,227 </Td> <Td> 12,001,501 </Td> <Td> 11,084,300 </Td> <Td> 11,567,586 </Td> <Td> 12,529,890 </Td> <Td> 12,925,697 </Td> <Td> 13,014,314 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Fort Lauderdale -- Hollywood International Airport </Td> <Td> FLL </Td> <Td> Fort Lauderdale </Td> <Td> FL </Td> <Td> 16,216,686 </Td> <Td> 14,263,270 </Td> <Td> 13,061,607 </Td> <Td> 11,987,607 </Td> <Td> 11,538,140 </Td> <Td> 11,445,101 </Td> <Td> 11,332,466 </Td> <Td> 10,829,810 </Td> <Td> 10,258,118 </Td> <Td> 11,020,091 </Td> <Td> 11,079,250 </Td> <Td> 10,204,579 </Td> <Td> 10,729,468 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Baltimore -- Washington International Airport </Td> <Td> BWI </Td> <Td> Baltimore / Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> MD </Td> <Td> 13,214,185 </Td> <Td> 12,340,972 </Td> <Td> 11,738,828 </Td> <Td> 11,022,200 </Td> <Td> 11,132,731 </Td> <Td> 11,183,965 </Td> <Td> 11,067,317 </Td> <Td> 10,848,633 </Td> <Td> 10,338,950 </Td> <Td> 10,215,225 </Td> <Td> 10,487,789 </Td> <Td> 10,297,607 </Td> <Td> 9,829,432 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport </Td> <Td> DCA </Td> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> VA </Td> <Td> 11,966,354 </Td> <Td> 11,470,854 </Td> <Td> 11,242,375 </Td> <Td> 10,057,794 </Td> <Td> 9,838,034 </Td> <Td> 9,462,206 </Td> <Td> 9,053,004 </Td> <Td> 8,736,804 </Td> <Td> 8,490,288 </Td> <Td> 8,704,466 </Td> <Td> 9,038,174 </Td> <Td> 8,973,410 </Td> <Td> 8,623,907 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Salt Lake City International Airport </Td> <Td> SLC </Td> <Td> Salt Lake City </Td> <Td> UT </Td> <Td> 12,098,835 </Td> <Td> 11,143,738 </Td> <Td> 10,634,519 </Td> <Td> 10,139,065 </Td> <Td> 9,668,048 </Td> <Td> 9,579,836 </Td> <Td> 9,701,756 </Td> <Td> 9,910,493 </Td> <Td> 9,903,821 </Td> <Td> 9,993,198 </Td> <Td> 10,560,906 </Td> <Td> 10,289,129 </Td> <Td> 10,601,918 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Midway International Airport </Td> <Td> MDW </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> IL </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11,044,353 </Td> <Td> 11,044,387 </Td> <Td> 10,318,311 </Td> <Td> 9,915,646 </Td> <Td> 9,431,796 </Td> <Td> 9,134,576 </Td> <Td> 8,518,957 </Td> <Td> 8,253,620 </Td> <Td> 8,021,383 </Td> <Td> 9,132,836 </Td> <Td> 8,915,292 </Td> <Td> 8,383,698 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Washington Dulles International Airport </Td> <Td> IAD </Td> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> VA </Td> <Td> 11,407,107 </Td> <Td> 10,596,942 </Td> <Td> 10,363,918 </Td> <Td> 10,415,948 </Td> <Td> 10,570,993 </Td> <Td> 10,785,683 </Td> <Td> 11,043,829 </Td> <Td> 11,276,481 </Td> <Td> 11,132,098 </Td> <Td> 11,348,775 </Td> <Td> 11,789,441 </Td> <Td> 11,045,217 </Td> <Td> 13,032,502 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> San Diego International Airport </Td> <Td> SAN </Td> <Td> San Diego </Td> <Td> CA </Td> <Td> 11,107,078 </Td> <Td> 10,340,164 </Td> <Td> 9,985,739 </Td> <Td> 9,333,152 </Td> <Td> 8,878,772 </Td> <Td> 8,686,592 </Td> <Td> 8,465,683 </Td> <Td> 8,430,509 </Td> <Td> 8,453,854 </Td> <Td> 9,007,617 </Td> <Td> 9,138,116 </Td> <Td> 8,724,442 </Td> <Td> 8,628,648 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Daniel K. Inouye International Airport </Td> <Td> HNL </Td> <Td> Honolulu </Td> <Td> HI </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9,656,340 </Td> <Td> 9,656,340 </Td> <Td> 9,463,000 </Td> <Td> 9,466,995 </Td> <Td> 9,210,270 </Td> <Td> 8,643,494 </Td> <Td> 8,740,077 </Td> <Td> 8,739,389 </Td> <Td> 9,013,440 </Td> <Td> 10,393,929 </Td> <Td> 9,855,838 </Td> <Td> 9,784,404 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Tampa International Airport </Td> <Td> TPA </Td> <Td> Tampa </Td> <Td> FL </Td> <Td> 9,830,583 </Td> <Td> 9,194,994 </Td> <Td> 9,150,414 </Td> <Td> 8,531,561 </Td> <Td> 8,267,752 </Td> <Td> 8,216,153 </Td> <Td> 8,174,194 </Td> <Td> 8,137,222 </Td> <Td> 8,263,294 </Td> <Td> 8,871,917 </Td> <Td> 9,306,036 </Td> <Td> 9,187,865 </Td> <Td> 9,297,643 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Portland International Airport

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has been hinted they may be planning to get married . </P> <P> Betty 's relationship with Jughead Jones has mostly been that of close confidant and close friend , as they normally discuss their issues more candidly with each other than anyone else ; Jughead will provide commentary on her feelings for Archie , and Betty will attempt to `` better '' Jughead , by getting rid of his slothful attitude and laziness . Once when she had a sprained ankle , Veronica told both Archie and Jughead to visit her . The four of them were having dinner together when people from the school mistook Jughead as Betty 's boyfriend because he was carrying chocolates to her house . Jughead appears to care more about Betty than other girls and there have been hints of a potential romantic relationship between them . He once accidentally asked her out to a school dance . When he was telling Archie what to do , Betty walked up behind him and thought he was asking her even though he was just demonstrating how to ask Betty to the dance . In one story , Jughead even says that if the time ever comes that he would willingly kiss a girl , it would be Betty . A happy tear is seen sliding down Betty 's face at this comment . </P> <P> She had a friendship with an elderly woman named Lydia Wyndham , whom she found when doing research about World War I. With this acquaintance Betty got to know an accomplished writer and poet with a sharp mind ( and a sad past -- Betty 's research had turned up a beau of Ms. Wyndham 's who was killed in combat ) , but after a while Ms. Wyndham herself died . </P> <P> At times , Betty is seen to have a close friendship with Cheryl Blossom , especially in Cheryl 's own title . However , at other times , Betty and Veronica regard the seductive Cheryl as a threat because she tries to lure Archie away from them , and the two best friends unite against Cheryl to protect their interests . Jason Blossom , Cheryl 's twin brother , is sometimes seen to have genuine interest towards Betty , which makes Archie jealous . </P> <P> In the late 90s , Betty started dating Adam Chisholm . It was thought by some people that Betty had chosen Adam over Archie . This event made Archie jealous and he concentrated his attention on Betty , ignoring Veronica , as he always does when he thinks someone else may take Betty away from him . Though in actuality , Adam has rarely been seen in the stories after that story arc , and Betty has continued to prefer Archie . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Betty enjoys writing and keeps a diary that is featured in the series Betty 's Diary . She wants to be a famous writer someday , an aspiration that her teacher Ms. Grundy approves of . She submits her work to writing magazines and has been published a number of times . She once got to be an intern for a fashion magazine but ended up modeling as well . At the same time , she takes various types of employment , including some work as a mechanic , which is also a career that she is interested in . In some stories she finds employment as an assistant teacher at the local elementary school . Betty is also a well known baby sitter , and baker . </P> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Jughead : the Hunger ( edit ) </H3> <P> In this one - shot , Betty hails from a long - line of werewolf hunters that have always taken down members of the Jones lineage . She only befriended Archie and faked her affections towards him in an effort to get closer to the newest werewolf of Riverdale , Jughead . Archie convinces her to try curing Jughead of his lycanthropy with Wolfsbane , which works for months before it wears off and results in Reggie 's death . Jughead leaves town because he knows Betty wo n't give him a second chance . </P> <H3> Life with Archie : the married Life ( edit ) </H3> <P> Betty appears as a main character in Life with Archie : The Married Life . In Archie Loves Veronica , she runs a catering business while her boyfriend , Reggie Mantle , runs a repair shop . They both star in a reality show based on their lives . In Archie Loves Betty , she is an English teacher at Riverdale High . However , in both universes , Betty previously worked as a buyer for Saks Fifth Avenue in New York . </P> <H2> In other media ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> Animated ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Betty appeared in The Archie Show , a 1968 cartoon series produced by Filmation . She also appeared in the various spin - offs The Archie Comedy Hour , Archie 's Funhouse , Archie 's TV Funnies , The U.S. of Archie and The New Archie and Sabrina Hour produced in the same format . She was voiced by Jane Webb . </Li> <Li> Betty appeared in The New Archies , a 1987 re-imagining of Archie and the gang . Betty was portrayed as a pre-teen in junior high . She was voiced by Lisa Coristine . </Li> <Li> Betty appeared in Archie 's Weird Mysteries voiced by America Young . </Li> </Ul> Live - action ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Betty was portrayed by Lauren Holly in the 1990 TV movie Archie : To Riverdale and Back Again . </Li> <Li> Betty appears in The CW series Riverdale , with Lili Reinhart portraying the character . As in the comics , Betty is a pretty and good - natured girl - next - door who once had a crush on her longtime friend Archie Andrews , . In the series , however , Betty falls in love with Jughead Jones , whom she gets into a relationship with . They both have said they love each other , however they break up in the second season due to their personal circumstances . After the breakup , Betty continues her friendship with Archie by sleuthing together , in order to uncover the identity of the Black Hood killer . Later , Archie and Betty have a passionate moment in a car after discussing a potential issue that they are facing , which results in them kissing each other , before fulfilling their own quest of unraveling the identity of the town 's killer . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Betty appeared in The Archies in Jugman , voiced by America Young . The film was released direct - to - video and takes place after Archie 's Weird Mysteries . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Obituary : Rosemary Rice Merrell , 87 , started in TV and radio '' . New Canaan Advertiser. 2012 - 08 - 21 . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` New Kids Off The Wall , Part 1 , '' Archie & Friends # 148 ( Dec. 2010 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Anderson , Jenna . `` Riverdale : Will Betty and Trev Be A Thing ? , '' ComicBook.com ( February 24 , 2017 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Frankenhoff , Brent ( 2011 ) . Comics Buyer 's Guide Presents : 100 Sexiest Women in Comics . Krause Publications . p. 44 . ISBN 1 - 4402 - 2988 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gustines , George Gene . `` At 94 , the Real Betty Does n't Regret Dumping a Creator of Archie , ' '' New York Times ( October 1 , 2015 ) , accessed October 8 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived February 2 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jughead : The Hunger ( Archie Comics , May 2017 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( February 9 , 2016 ) . `` ' Riverdale ' Archie Comics CW Pilot Casts Its Betty Cooper & Jughead Jones '' . Deadline . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Archie Comics characters and fictional elements </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Archie </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Main </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Archie Andrews </Li> <Li> Cheryl Blossom </Li> <Li> Chuck Clayton </Li> <Li> Betty Cooper </Li> <Li> Dilton Doiley </Li> <Li> Jughead Jones </Li> <Li> Kevin Keller </Li> <Li> Midge Klump </Li> <Li> Veronica Lodge </Li> <Li> Reggie Mantle </Li> <Li> Moose Mason </Li> <Li> Ethel Muggs </Li> <Li> Nancy Woods </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Secondary </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Families of Archie 's Gang </Li> <Li> Miss Beazley </Li> <Li> Mr. Flutesnoot </Li> <Li> Miss Grundy </Li> <Li> Mr. Lodge </Li> <Li> Mr. Svenson </Li> <Li> Mr. Weatherbee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Locations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Riverdale </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sabrina </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Salem Saberhagen </Li> <Li> Hilda Spellman </Li> <Li> Sabrina Spellman </Li> <Li> Zelda Spellman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Humor </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Josie and the Pussycats band and cast </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Superhero </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Black Hood </Li> <Li> Captain Flag </Li> <Li> The Comet </Li> <Li> Firefly </Li> <Li> The Fly </Li> <Li> Flygirl </Li> <Li> The Fox </Li> <Li> The Jaguar </Li> <Li> The Shield </Li> <Li> Terrific Three </Li> <Li> The Web </Li> <Li> Wizard </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Licensed characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sonic the Hedgehog characters ( from Sega ) </Li> <Li> Mega Man characters ( from Capcom ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Dl> <Dt> See also </Dt> <Dd> Alternate universes in Archie Comics </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Cooper&oldid=822016253 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1965 comics debuts </Li> <Li> 1992 comics endings </Li> <Li> Humor comics </Li> <Li> Romance comics </Li> <Li> 1992 comics debuts </Li> <Li> 2012 comics endings </Li> <Li> Archie Comics characters </Li> <Li> Comics characters introduced in 1941 </Li> <Li> Fictional mechanics </Li> <Li> Fictional scuba divers </Li> <Li> Fictional singers </Li> <Li> Fictional surfers </Li> <Li> Fictional writers </Li> <Li> Fictional schoolteachers </Li> <Li> Fictional basketball players </Li> <Li> Fictional baseball players </Li> <Li> Fictional volleyball players </Li> <Li> Fictional cheerleaders </Li> <Li> Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles guest characters </Li> <Li> Animated human characters </Li> <Li> Female characters in comics </Li> <Li> Female characters in animation </Li> <Li> Teenage characters in comics </Li> <Li> Teenage characters in television </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles needing style editing from August 2011 </Li> <Li> All articles needing style editing </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from March 2010 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from October 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction </Li> <Li> Articles with multiple maintenance issues </Li> <Li> Pages using deprecated image syntax </Li> <Li> Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields </Li> <Li> Title pop </Li> <Li> Comics infobox without image </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li>

On the TV show Riverdale, Betty ultimately ends up with

Who does betty end up with on riverdale?

5120284913074858552

United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget . The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 , the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 , and additional budget legislation . </P> <P> Prior to 1974 , Congress had no formal process for establishing a federal budget . When President Richard Nixon began to refuse to spend funds that Congress had allocated , they adopted a more formal means by which to challenge him . The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 created the Congressional Budget Office ( CBO ) , which gained more control of the budget , limiting the power of the President 's Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . The Act passed easily while the administration was embroiled in the Watergate scandal and was unwilling to provoke Congress . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The budget processes <Ul> <Li> 1.1 The President 's budget request </Li> <Li> 1.2 Budget resolutions </Li> <Li> 1.3 Authorization and appropriations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Discretionary and mandatory spending <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Discretionary spending </Li> <Li> 2.2 Mandatory spending </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Budget functions </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The budget processes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The President 's budget request ( edit ) </H3> <P> The United States budget process begins when the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress . The President 's budget is formulated over a period of months with the assistance of the Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) , the largest office within the Executive Office of the President . The budget request includes funding requests for all federal executive departments and independent agencies . Budget documents include supporting documents and historical budget data and contains detailed information on spending and revenue proposals , along with policy proposals and initiatives with significant budgetary implications . The President 's budget request constitutes an extensive proposal of the administration 's intended revenue and spending plans for the following fiscal year . The budget proposal includes volumes of supporting information intended to persuade Congress of the necessity and value of the budget provisions . In addition , each federal executive department and independent agency provides additional detail and supporting documentation on its own funding requests . The documents are also posted on the OMB website . </P> <P> The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 requires the President to submit the budget to Congress for each fiscal year , which is the 12 - month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year . The current federal budget law ( 31 U.S.C. § 1105 ( a ) ) requires that the President submit the budget between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February . In recent times , the President 's budget submission has been issued in the first week of February . The budget submission has been delayed , however , in some new presidents ' first year when the previous president belonged to a different party . The 2014 United States federal budget was not submitted by the President until April 10 , 2013 due to negotiations over the United States fiscal cliff and implementation of the sequester cuts mandated by the Budget Control Act of 2011 . ( The House had already prepared its budget proposal on March 21 , and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23 . ) </P> <P> President Warren G. Harding brought about the enactment of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 , which , for the first time , required the President to submit a budget annually to Congress and which established the Bureau of the Budget , the forerunner of the Office of Management and Budget , to assist in the formulation of the budget . Initially the Bureau was within the U.S. Department of the Treasury , but in 1939 it was moved to the Executive Office of the President . </P> <H3> Budget resolutions ( edit ) </H3> <P> The President 's budget submission is referred to the House and Senate Budget Committees and to the Congressional Budget Office ( CBO ) . Other committees with budgetary responsibilities submit requests and estimates to the budget committees during this time . </P> <P> In March , the CBO publishes an analysis of the President 's budget proposals . The CBO budget report and other publications are also posted on the CBO website . CBO computes a current - law baseline budget projection that is intended to estimate what federal spending and revenues would be in the absence of new legislation for the current fiscal year and for the coming 10 fiscal years . However , the CBO also computes a current - policy baseline , which makes assumptions about , for instance , votes on tax cut sunset provisions . The current CBO 10 - year budget baseline projection grows from $3.7 trillion in 2011 to $5.7 trillion in 2021 . </P> <P> In March , the budget committees consider the President 's budget proposals in the light of the CBO budget report , and each committee submits a budget resolution to its house by April 1 . The House and Senate each consider these budget resolutions , and are expected to pass them , possibly with amendments , by April 15 . A budget resolution is a kind of concurrent resolution ; it is not a law , and therefore does not require the President 's signature . </P> <P> There is no obligation for either or both houses of Congress to pass a budget resolution . There may not be a resolution every year ; if none is established , the previous year 's resolution remains in force . For example , the Senate has not passed a budget resolution for FY2011 , FY2012 , or FY2013 , and passed the FY2014 budget resolution on March 23 , 2013 , 23 days before the April 15 deadline set by the No Budget , No Pay Act of 2013 . This was the first budget resolution passed by the Senate since a FY2010 budget passed on April 29 , 2009 . The House and Senate may propose a budget independently of the President 's budget . For example , for the 2014 budget process , the House prepared its budget proposal on March 21 and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23 , while the President 's budget was not submitted until April 10 . </P> <P> After both houses pass a budget resolution , selected Representatives and Senators negotiate a conference report to reconcile differences between the House and the Senate versions . The conference report , in order to become binding , must be approved by both the House and Senate . </P> <P> The budget resolution is not legally binding but serves as a blueprint for the actual appropriation process , and provides Congress with some control over the appropriation process . All new discretionary spending requires authority through enactment of appropriation bills or continuing resolutions . </P> <H3> Authorization and appropriations ( edit ) </H3> <P> In general , funds for federal government programs must be authorized by an `` authorizing committee '' through enactment of legislation . Then , through subsequent acts by Congress , budget authority is then appropriated by the Appropriations Committee of the House . In principle , committees with jurisdiction to authorize programs make policy decisions , while the Appropriations Committees decide on funding levels , limited to a program 's authorized funding level , though the amount may be any amount less than the limit . </P> <P> The budget resolutions specify funding levels for the House and Senate Appropriations Committees and their 12 subcommittees , establishing various budget totals , allocations , entitlements , and may include reconciliation instructions to designated House or Senate committees . The appropriations committees start with allocations in the budget resolution and draft appropriations bills , which may be considered in the House after May 15 . Once appropriations committees pass their bills , they are considered by the House and Senate . When there is a final budget , the spending available to each appropriations committee for the coming fiscal year is usually provided in the joint explanatory statement included in the conference report . The appropriations committees then allocate that amount among their respective subcommittees , each to allocate the funds they control among the programs within their jurisdiction . </P> <P> A conference committee is typically required to resolve differences between House and Senate appropriation bills . Once a conference bill has passed both chambers of Congress , it is sent to the President , who may sign the bill or veto it . If he signs , the bill becomes law . Otherwise , Congress must pass another bill to avoid a shutdown of at least part of the federal government . </P> <P> In recent years , Congress has not passed all of the appropriations bills before the start of the fiscal year . Congress may then enact continuing resolutions that provide for the temporary funding of government operations . Failure to appropriate funds results in a partial government shutdown , such the federal government shutdown in October 2013 . </P> <P> In practice , the separation between policy making and funding and the division between appropriations and authorization activities are imperfect . Authorizations for many programs have long lapsed , yet still receive appropriated amounts , while other programs that are authorized receive no funds at all . In addition , policy language , which is legislative text changing permanent law , is included in appropriation measures . </P> <H2> Discretionary and mandatory spending ( edit ) </H2> <P> Each function within the budget may include `` budget authority '' and `` outlays '' that fall within the broad categories of discretionary spending or direct spending . </P> <H3> Discretionary spending ( edit ) </H3> <P> Discretionary spending requires an annual appropriation bill , which is a piece of legislation . Discretionary spending is typically set by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees and their various subcommittees . Since the spending is typically for a fixed period ( usually a year ) , it is said to be under the discretion of the Congress . Some appropriations last for more than one year ( see Appropriation bill for details ) . In particular , multi-year appropriations are often used for housing programs and military procurement programs . </P> <P> There are currently 12 appropriation bills that must be passed each fiscal year in order for continued discretionary spending to occur . The subject of each appropriations bill corresponds to the jurisdiction of the respective House and Senate appropriation subcommittees : </P> <P> As of 2012 , there are 12 appropriations bills which need to be passed each year : </P> <Ul> <Li> Agriculture , Rural Development , and Food and Drug Administration </Li> <Li> Commerce , Justice , and Science </Li> <Li> Defense </Li> <Li> Energy and Water Development </Li> <Li> Financial Services and General Government ( includes judicial branch , the Executive Office of the President , and District of Columbia appropriations ) </Li> <Li> Homeland Security </Li> <Li> Interior and Environment </Li> <Li> Labor , Health and Human Services , and Education </Li> <Li> Legislative Branch </Li> <Li> Military Construction and Veterans Affairs </Li> <Li> State and Foreign Operations </Li> <Li> Transportation and Housing and Urban Development </Li> </Ul> <P> Multiple bills are sometimes combined into one piece of legislation , such as the Omnibus Appropriations Act , 2009 . A continuing resolution is often passed if an appropriations bill has not been signed into law by the end of the fiscal year . </P> <H3> Mandatory spending ( edit ) </H3> <P> Direct spending , also known as mandatory spending , refers to spending enacted by law , but not dependent on an annual or periodic appropriation bill . Most mandatory spending consists of

The last time Congress passed a complete budget was

When is the last time congress passed a complete budget?

112939521296080681

Sun - wikipedia <H1> Sun </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the star . For other uses , see Sun ( disambiguation ) . <Table> The Sun <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sun with sunspots and limb darkening as seen in visible light with solar filter . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Observation data </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean distance from Earth </Th> <Td> 1 au ≈ 7011149600000000000 ♠ 1.496 × 10 km 8 min 19 s at light speed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Visual brightness ( V ) </Th> <Td> − 26.74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Absolute magnitude </Th> <Td> 4.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spectral classification </Th> <Td> G2V </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metallicity </Th> <Td> Z = 0.0122 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Angular size </Th> <Td> 31.6 -- 32.7 minutes of arc </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adjectives </Th> <Td> Solar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Orbital characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean distance from Milky Way core </Th> <Td> ≈ 7020270000000000000 ♠ 2.7 × 10 km 7004272000000000000 ♠ 27,200 light - years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Galactic period </Th> <Td> ( 2.25 -- 2.50 ) × 10 yr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Velocity </Th> <Td> ≈ 7005220000000000000 ♠ 220 km / s ( orbit around the center of the Milky Way ) ≈ 7004200000000000000 ♠ 20 km / s ( relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood ) ≈ 7005370000000000000 ♠ 370 km / s ( relative to the cosmic microwave background ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Physical characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equatorial radius </Th> <Td> 695,700 km , 696,392 km 7002109000000000000 ♠ 109 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equatorial circumference </Th> <Td> 7009437900000000000 ♠ 4.379 × 10 km 109 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Flattening </Th> <Td> 6994900000000000000 ♠ 9 × 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface area </Th> <Td> 7018609000000000000 ♠ 6.09 × 10 km 7004120000000000000 ♠ 12,000 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Volume </Th> <Td> 7027141000000000000 ♠ 1.41 × 10 km 7006130000000000000 ♠ 1,300,000 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mass </Th> <Td> 7030198855000000000 ♠ ( 1.988 55 ± 0.000 25 ) × 10 kg 7005333000000000000 ♠ 333,000 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average density </Th> <Td> 7003140800000000000 ♠ 1.408 g / cm 6999255000000000000 ♠ 0.255 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Center density ( modeled ) </Th> <Td> 7005162200000000000 ♠ 162.2 g / cm 7001124000000000000 ♠ 12.4 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equatorial surface gravity </Th> <Td> 7002274000000000000 ♠ 274.0 m / s 7001279400000000000 ♠ 27.94 g 7004275422900000000 ♠ 27,542.29 cgs 28 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Moment of inertia factor </Th> <Td> 6998700000000000000 ♠ 0.070 ( estimate ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Escape velocity ( from the surface ) </Th> <Td> 7005617700000000000 ♠ 617.7 km / s 55 × Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Temperature </Th> <Td> Center ( modeled ) : 7007157000000000000 ♠ 1.57 × 10 K Photosphere ( effective ) : 7003577200000000000 ♠ 5,772 K Corona : ≈ 7006500000000000000 ♠ 5 × 10 K </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Luminosity ( L ) </Th> <Td> 7026382800000000000 ♠ 3.828 × 10 W ≈ 7028375000000000000 ♠ 3.75 × 10 lm ≈ 7001980000000000000 ♠ 98 lm / W efficacy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean radiance ( I ) </Th> <Td> 7007200900000000000 ♠ 2.009 × 10 W m sr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Age </Th> <Td> ≈ 4.6 billion years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Rotation characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Obliquity </Th> <Td> 7.25 ° ( to the ecliptic ) 67.23 ° ( to the galactic plane ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Right ascension of North pole </Th> <Td> 286.13 ° 19 h 4 min 30 s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Declination of North pole </Th> <Td> + 63.87 ° 63 ° 52 ' North </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sidereal rotation period ( at equator ) </Th> <Td> 25.05 d </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( at 16 ° latitude ) </Th> <Td> 25.38 d 25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( at poles ) </Th> <Td> 34.4 d </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rotation velocity ( at equator ) </Th> <Td> 7003199694444444444 ♠ 7.189 × 10 km / h </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Photospheric composition ( by mass ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hydrogen </Th> <Td> 73.46 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Helium </Th> <Td> 24.85 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oxygen </Th> <Td> 0.77 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carbon </Th> <Td> 0.29 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iron </Th> <Td> 0.16 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Neon </Th> <Td> 0.12 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nitrogen </Th> <Td> 0.09 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Silicon </Th> <Td> 0.07 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Magnesium </Th> <Td> 0.05 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sulfur </Th> <Td> 0.04 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System . It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma , with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process . It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth . Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers , i.e. 109 times that of Earth , and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth , accounting for about 99.86 % of the total mass of the Solar System . About three quarters of the Sun 's mass consists of hydrogen ( ~ 73 % ) ; the rest is mostly helium ( ~ 25 % ) , with much smaller quantities of heavier elements , including oxygen , carbon , neon , and iron . </P> <P> The Sun is a G - type main - sequence star ( G2V ) based on its spectral class . As such , it is informally referred to as a yellow dwarf . It formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud . Most of this matter gathered in the center , whereas the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System . The central mass became so hot and dense that it eventually initiated nuclear fusion in its core . It is thought that almost all stars form by this process . </P> <P> The Sun is roughly middle - aged ; it has not changed dramatically for more than four billion years , and will remain fairly stable for more than another five billion years . After hydrogen fusion in its core has diminished to the point at which it is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium , the core of the Sun will experience a marked increase in density and temperature while its outer layers expand to eventually become a red giant . It is calculated that the Sun will become sufficiently large to engulf the current orbits of Mercury and Venus , and render Earth uninhabitable . </P> <P> The enormous effect of the Sun on Earth has been recognized since prehistoric times , and the Sun has been regarded by some cultures as a deity . The synodic rotation of Earth and its orbit around the Sun are the basis of solar calendars , one of which is the predominant calendar in use today . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Name and etymology <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Religious aspects </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Characteristics </Li> <Li> 3 Sunlight </Li> <Li> 4 Composition <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Singly ionized iron - group elements </Li> <Li> 4.2 Isotopic composition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Structure and energy production <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Core </Li> <Li> 5.2 Radiative zone </Li> <Li> 5.3 Tachocline </Li> <Li> 5.4 Convective zone </Li> <Li> 5.5 Photosphere </Li> <Li> 5.6 Atmosphere </Li> <Li> 5.7 Photons and neutrinos </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Magnetism and activity <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Magnetic field </Li> <Li> 6.2 Variation in activity </Li> <Li> 6.3 Long - term change </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Life phases <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Formation </Li> <Li> 7.2 Main sequence </Li> <Li> 7.3 After core hydrogen exhaustion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Motion and location <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Orbit in Milky Way </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Theoretical problems <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Coronal heating problem </Li> <Li> 9.2 Faint young Sun problem </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 History of observation <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Early understanding </Li> <Li> 10.2 Development of scientific understanding </Li> <Li> 10.3 Solar space missions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Observation and effects </Li> <Li> 12 Planetary system </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 Notes </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 Further reading </Li> <Li> 17 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Name and Etymology </H2> <P> The English proper name Sun developed from Old English sunne and may be related to south . Cognates to English sun appear in other Germanic languages , including Old Frisian sunne , sonne , Old Saxon sunna , Middle Dutch sonne , modern Dutch zon , Old High German sunna , modern German Sonne , Old Norse sunna , and Gothic sunnō . All Germanic terms for the Sun stem from Proto - Germanic * sunnōn . </P> <P> The English weekday name Sunday stems from Old English ( Sunnandæg ; `` Sun 's day '' , from before 700 ) and is ultimately a result of a Germanic interpretation of Latin dies solis , itself a translation of the Greek ἡμέρα ἡλίου ( hēméra hēlíou ) . The Latin name for the Sun , Sol , is not common in general English language use ; the adjectival form is the related word solar . The term sol is also used by planetary astronomers to refer to the duration of a solar day on another planet , such as Mars . A mean Earth solar day is approximately 24 hours , whereas a mean Martian ' sol ' is 24 hours , 39 minutes , and 35.244 seconds . </P> <H3> Religious aspects </H3> Main article : Solar deity <P> Solar deities play a major role in many world religions and mythologies . The ancient Sumerians believed that the sun was Utu , the god of justice and twin brother of Inanna , the Queen of Heaven , who was identified as the planet Venus . Later , Utu was identified with the East Semitic god Shamash . Utu was regarded as a helper - deity , who aided those in distress , and , in iconography , he is usually portrayed with a long beard and clutching a saw , which represented his role as the dispenser of justice . </P> <P> From at least the 4th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt , the Sun was worshipped as the god Ra , portrayed as a falcon - headed divinity surmounted by the solar disk , and surrounded by a serpent . In the New Empire period , the Sun became identified with the dung beetle , whose spherical ball of dung was identified with the Sun . In the form of the Sun disc Aten , the Sun had a brief resurgence during the Amarna Period when it again became the preeminent , if not only , divinity for the Pharaoh Akhenaton . </P> <P> In Proto - Indo - European religion , the sun was personified as the goddess * Seh ul . Derivatives of this goddess in Indo - European languages include the Old Norse Sól , Sanskrit Surya , Gaulish Sulis , Lithuanian Saulė , and Slavic Solntse . In ancient Greek religion , the sun deity was the male god Helios , but traces of an earlier female solar deity are preserved in Helen of Troy . In later times , Helios was syncretized with Apollo . </P> <P> In the Bible , Malachi 4 : 2 mentions the `` Sun of Righteousness '' ( sometimes translated as the `` Sun of Justice '' ) , which some Christians have interpreted as a reference to the Messiah ( Christ ) . In ancient Roman culture , Sunday was the day of the Sun god . It was adopted as the Sabbath day by Christians who did not have a Jewish background .

The real name of our sun is

What is the real name of our sun?

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I Wanna Be Sedated - wikipedia <H1> I Wanna Be Sedated </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the single by the Ramones . For the Entourage episode , see I Wanna Be Sedated ( Entourage ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Wanna Be Sedated '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Picture sleeve ( Netherlands ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Ramones </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Road to Ruin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` She 's the One '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> September 21 , 1978 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1978 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Punk rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Sire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Dee Dee Ramone , Joey Ramone , Johnny Ramone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tommy Ramone , Ed Stasium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ramones singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Needles and Pins '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Wanna Be Sedated '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rock ' n ' Roll High School '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Needles and Pins '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` She 's the One '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rock ' n ' Roll High School '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Wanna Be Sedated '' is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones . It is one of the band 's best known songs . It was originally released on their fourth album , Road to Ruin , in September 1978 and was the B - side of the UK single `` She 's the One '' released on September 21 , 1978 . The song was later released as a single in the Netherlands in 1978 , then in the U.S. in 1980 by RSO Records from the Times Square soundtrack album . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 5 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Wanna Be Sedated '' was written by Joey Ramone . In an interview about the song , Joey explains the chorus : </P> <P> It 's a road song . I wrote it in 1977 , through the 78 . Well , Danny Fields was our first manager and he would work us to death . We would be on the road 360 days a year , and we went over to England , and we were there at Christmas time , and in Christmas time , London shuts down . There 's nothing to do , nowhere to go . Here we were in London for the first time in our lives , and me and Dee Dee Ramone were sharing a room in the hotel , and we were watching The Guns of Navarone . So there was nothing to do , I mean , here we are in London finally , and this is what we are doing , watching American movies in the hotel room . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for the song , directed by Bill Fishman , was released in September 1988 ( About ten years after the song was originally released ) to promote the compilation album Ramones Mania . The iconic video features the Ramones sitting at a table ( left to right : Johnny , Joey , Marky and Dee Dee ) , nonchalantly reading and eating corn flakes . Meanwhile , the background room erupts into a meeting place for nuns , acrobats , ballerinas , monsters , cheerleaders , clowns , doctors , fetish nurses , and smoking schoolgirls . The film is intentionally sped up to show the excitement of the background , while the band 's actions are in regular motion . This was achieved by having the band members move very slowly , while the crowd moved normally , and then speeding up the film . One of the video 's characters is a young Courtney Love . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Wanna Be Sedated '' was number 145 on the Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . Marky Ramone is the drummer on this track . </P> <P> In 1999 , National Public Radio included the song in the `` NPR 100 '' , in which NPR 's music editors sought to compile the one hundred most important American musical works of the 20th century . </P> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Adicts covered the song in the mid-80s when they were on Sire although it was n't released until the 1992 compilation Totally Adicted . It was later included as a bonus track on some versions of Sound of Music . </Li> <Li> Operation Ivy covered the song in their Ramones EP . </Li> <Li> Mötley Crüe singer Vince Neil recorded a version of the song as bonus track for his first solo album Exposed in 1992 . </Li> <Li> Shonen Knife has recorded a version of the song for the 1995 Japanese re-release of Burning Farm . </Li> <Li> Tiltwheel recorded the song for the tribute album Ramones Maniacs in 2001 . </Li> <Li> Juliana Hatfield 's band Blake Babies recorded a cover for their 2002 EP Epilogue . </Li> <Li> Canadian singer / songwriter Bruce Cockburn performed the song live with his side project Bambi and the Deerhunters in 2002 . </Li> <Li> The Offspring covered the song for the 2003 Ramones tribute album We 're a Happy Family . The band also performed the song in the film Idle Hands . </Li> <Li> Tyson Ritter of the All - American Rejects covered the song for the UK series Rock School . </Li> <Li> moe . covered the song on their live album Warts and All . </Li> <Li> The heavy metal band Viper covered the song on the album Maniacs in Japan . </Li> <Li> Brazilian rock singer Rita Lee covered this song in her 2004 album MTV Ao Vivo ( MTV Live ) . </Li> <Li> The instrumental version by Belgian electroband Neven features in the movie I Could Never Be Your Woman by Amy Heckerling . </Li> <Li> The Go - Go 's covered this song in their DVD Live Go - Go 's in Central Park . </Li> <Li> Superhumanoids recorded the song as a single in 2012 . </Li> <Li> New Found Glory covered the song on their 2013 Ramones tribute EP Mania . </Li> <Li> Kirsty MacColl covered the song in Titanic Days . </Li> <Li> The Sun King covered the song in his 3.12. 21 EP . </Li> <Li> Finnish singer Mirel Wagner covered the song for the trailer of the 2016 Gore Verbinski film A Cure for Wellness . </Li> </Ul> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> The song appears on the soundtrack to the 1980 movie Times Square . </Li> <Li> The song is performed by a cover - band ( The Offspring ) at a High School Halloween Ball in the 1999 comedy - horror movie Idle Hands . </Li> <Li> On the show My So - Called Life , Rayanne makes a disastrous debut as the singer of a band while covering this song . Just before she is to come in , she panics and races off the stage , leaving Jordan to take over . </Li> <Li> The song briefly plays in the season 3 Gilmore Girls episode , `` Application Anxiety . '' </Li> <Li> The song is featured on the trailer and the soundtrack for the comedy Scary Movie . </Li> <Li> The song makes an appearance on the soundtrack featured in Burnout 3 : Takedown . </Li> <Li> The song is featured in the 2005 music video game Guitar Hero ( as a cover ) , as well as in the second installment of the Jam Sessions series and Rock Band 3 ( as a master recording ) , five years later . </Li> <Li> The character Spike from Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a big fan of the Ramones . This song is featured in the episode `` Crush '' . Spike manipulates Buffy into a date , hums a few bars of it and partly sings the chorus , afterwards he proceeds to ask Buffy if she likes the Ramones . </Li> <Li> The video has appeared on Beavis & Butt - head . It is extremely well received by the two and they say hardly anything the whole video out of enjoyment of the song so much . </Li> <Li> An episode from the third season of Entourage is named after the song ; in it , an old - school Hollywood producer pitches a script about the Ramones to E . </Li> <Li> In the song ' Overstayer ' by Every Time I Die , front man Keith Buckley sings `` ' I want to be sedated ' / Just like Joey said '' . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 1970s portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> The song is featured in the 2015 film Terminator Genisys , where Sarah Connor listens to it in one scene in 1984 , and later listens to it on a headset while she , Kyle Reese and the T - 800 are arming themselves in an underground bunker . It was also mentioned in the novelization of Terminator 2 : Judgment Day as one of the songs that John Connor listens to . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Gina Boldman . `` I Wanna Be Sedated - The Ramones Listen , Appearances , Song Review '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` History of the Ramones '' . Home.drenik.net . Archived from the original on 2012 - 02 - 20 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ramones - I Wanna Be Sedated ( 7 '' , Single ) `` . Discogs.com . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Joey Ramone : I wan na be sedated . Unplugged '' . YouTube . 2011 - 09 - 16 . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ramones - `` I Wanna Be Sedated '' `` . Mvdbase.com . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Courtney Love - Other Works '' . IMDb.com . Retrieved 2007 - 03 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time : Ramones , ' I Wanna Be Sedated ' '' . Retrieved 28 September 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Collection ( Media notes ) . The Adicts . Taang ! Records . 2002 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Music Reviews '' . Impose Magazine . Retrieved 2012 - 05 - 02 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Ramones </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Joey Ramone </Li> <Li> Johnny Ramone </Li> <Li> Dee Dee Ramone </Li> <Li>

The song "I Wanna Be Sedated" was sung by

Who sang the song i wanna be sedated?

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England to assist the Hodgson family , who are experiencing poltergeist activity at their Enfield council house in 1977 which later became referred to as the Enfield Poltergeist . </P> <P> The Conjuring 2 was released in North America on June 10 , 2016 . The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed over $320 million worldwide . A spin - off prequel film , The Nun , is scheduled to be released in 2018 with Peter Safran and Wan producing . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Pre-production </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Distribution <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 5.2 Theatrical release </Li> <Li> 5.3 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Future <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Sequel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Spin - off films <Ul> <Li> 8.1 The Nun </Li> <Li> 8.2 The Crooked Man </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1976 , paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren document the Amityville murders at the Amityville house , to determine if a demonic presence was truly responsible for Ronald DeFeo Jr. murdering his family on November 13 , 1974 , and the subsequent haunting incident involving the Lutz family . During a seance , Lorraine is drawn into a vision where she relives the murders . A demonic nun figure appears and lures her to the basement , where she witnesses Ed being impaled before breaking out of the vision . </P> <P> In 1977 , the Hodgson family begins to experience strange occurrences in their home in the London suburb of Enfield . Janet , the second oldest of four children , is seen sleepwalking and conversing in her dreams with an entity in the form of an angry elderly man , who insists that the house is his . Eventually , all the Hodgson siblings and their mother Peggy witness paranormal events occurring right before their eyes , forcing them to seek refuge with their neighbors . When the media attempts to interview the Hodgsons , Janet is possessed by the spirit of the elderly man , Bill Wilkins , who is revealed to have previously lived and died in the house . During the possession , Wilkins states that he enjoys tormenting the family and wants to reclaim his home . As Janet begins to show more signs of demonic possession , the story eventually reaches the Warrens , and their assistance is requested to assist the local church in an investigation to prove whether or not Janet 's possession is a hoax . Lorraine , fearful that her vision of Ed 's death may become reality , warns him not to get too involved in the case , but she reluctantly agrees to travel to London with him . She has yet another vision of the demonic nun in Ed 's study wherein the demon says its name , which Lorraine scribbles in her Bible . </P> <P> While staying at the Hodgson residence , Ed and Lorraine consult with other paranormal investigators , including Maurice Grosse and Anita Gregory , on the legitimacy of the case . They also attempt to communicate with Wilkins ' spirit , hoping to convince him to stop haunting the family . One night , after the Hodgsons witness Janet being possessed , Gregory presents video evidence of Janet purposely wrecking the kitchen as if for a practical joke , thereby discrediting the haunting . Based on this discovery , Ed and Lorraine feel they have no choice but to leave the family on their own but soon discover that the spirit of Wilkins is only a pawn being manipulated by the demonic nun , to haunt Janet and break her will . Lorraine then realizes that her abilities have been blocked by the demonic nun , preventing her from grasping the truth of Janet 's possession . </P> <P> Ed and Lorraine quickly return to the Hodgson residence , only to find Janet being possessed once more and the rest of the Hodgsons locked outside the house . Ed ventures inside the house alone . A lightning strike hits a tree near the house , leaving a jagged stump resembling the object that impaled Ed in Lorraine 's vision . Ed finds Janet standing near the window , ready to leap onto the stump and commit suicide . He manages to grab Janet in time , but finds himself holding onto a curtain that is being torn from its rings by his and Janet 's weight . Lorraine remembers that she wrote the demon 's name -- Valak -- in her Bible . She enters the house and confronts Valak , addressing it by name and successfully condemns it back to Hell . Janet is freed of its possession , and Lorraine pulls her and Ed to safety . </P> <P> After returning home to the United States , Ed adds an item to his and Lorraine 's collection -- `` The Crooked Man '' zoetrope toy owned by Peggy 's youngest child Billy -- placing it near April 's music box and the Annabelle doll . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Patrick Wilson as Ed Warren </Li> <Li> Vera Farmiga as Lorraine Warren </Li> <Li> Madison Wolfe as Janet Hodgson </Li> <Li> Frances O'Connor as Peggy Hodgson </Li> <Li> Lauren Esposito as Margaret Hodgson </Li> <Li> Benjamin Haigh as Billy Hodgson </Li> <Li> Patrick McAuley as Johnny Hodgson </Li> <Li> Simon McBurney as Maurice Grosse </Li> <Li> Maria Doyle Kennedy as Peggy Nottingham </Li> <Li> Simon Delaney as Vic Nottingham </Li> <Li> Franka Potente as Anita Gregory </Li> <Li> Bob Adrian as Bill Wilkins </Li> <Li> Robin Atkin Downes as Demon Voice </Li> <Li> Bonnie Aarons as Valak ( Demon Nun ) </Li> <Li> Javier Botet as Crooked Man </Li> <Li> Steve Coulter as Father Gordon </Li> <Li> Abhi Sinha as Harry Whitmark </Li> <Li> Chris Royds as Graham Morris </Li> <Li> Sterling Jerins as Judy Warren </Li> <Li> Kent Allen as Daniel Wolfe </Li> <Li> Annie Young as Constable Heeps </Li> <Li> Elliot Joseph as Constable Joseph </Li> <Li> Cory English as Skeptic Kaplan </Li> <Li> Joseph Bishara as Demon </Li> <Li> Shannon Kook as Drew </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> In July 2013 , prior to The Conjuring 's release , Variety reported that New Line Cinema was already in the early stages of development of a sequel , following the positive test screenings and reviews of the first film . The film deals with the case of the Enfield Poltergeist , which took place in the London Borough of Enfield from 1977 to 1979 , and involved the alleged haunting of two sisters , aged 11 and 13 , at their mother 's council house . The Conjuring 2 also touches on the Warrens ' most famous and most documented case , The Amityville Horror . </P> <H3> Pre-production ( edit ) </H3> I 've been working very heavily on the script , and the idea of continuing the saga of Ed and Lorraine Warren is actually very exciting . So the idea of going back to kind of nurture my baby that I created is part of the reason why I 'm going back to do The Conjuring 2 . <P> -- James Wan , explaining his reasons for returning to direct the sequel . </P> <P> In July 2013 , it was reported that Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson had signed on to reprise their roles from The Conjuring . This was confirmed in February 2014 . On October 21 , 2014 , it was announced that James Wan would return to direct the sequel , and production would begin in the summer of 2015 . In early July 2015 , lead actors Farmiga and Wilson visited Lorraine Warren at the New England Paranormal Research Center in Connecticut in preparation for their roles . On July 28 , 2015 , Wan officially began pre-production for the film . In August 2015 , the film was granted $5.6 million in tax credits from the California Film Commission for bringing the production to the state . </P> <P> On September 13 , 2015 , Don Burgess was confirmed as the film 's director of photography . In September 2015 , Frances O'Connor , Simon McBurney , newcomer Lauren Esposito , and Madison Wolfe joined the cast . Franka Potente , Simon Delaney , Maria Doyle Kennedy , and newcomers Patrick McAuley and Benjamin Haigh were also reported to have been cast in late September 2015 . In November 2015 , it was announced that Abhi Sinha had joined the cast of the film . On December 1 , 2015 , it was confirmed that Sterling Jerins would reprise her role as the Warrens ' daughter Judy . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography for The Conjuring 2 began on September 21 , 2015 , in Los Angeles , California . Due to an inexplicable series of events during production of the first film , a priest from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe was brought in to bless the set of the sequel by the film 's producers . Production moved to London on November 18 , 2015 , with filming taking place in and around The Warrington , a pub in the residential district of Maida Vale . On November 22 , filming took place at Marylebone station . Filming concluded on December 1 , 2015 . Production lasted for 50 days , with 40 days filming on sound stages at Warner Bros. Studios , Burbank , and 10 days on location in London . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> The original musical score for The Conjuring 2 was written by Joseph Bishara and was released on June 3 , 2016 , by WaterTower Music . Bishara , a recurring collaborator of director James Wan , composed the score after having previously written the music for The Conjuring and the Insidious film series . Lead actor Patrick Wilson performs Elvis Presley 's `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' on a guitar in the film , while songs such as The Clash 's `` London Calling '' , Bee Gees 's `` I Started A Joke '' and the traditional nursery rhymes `` This Old Man '' and `` There Was a Crooked Man '' are also featured . Composer Mark Isham 's family themes from the first film , `` Photograph '' and `` Happy Family '' , were also used in The Conjuring 2 . </P> <H2> Distribution ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Marketing ( edit ) </H3> <P> In December 2015 , Entertainment Weekly released the first image from the film , introducing the character portrayed by Madison Wolfe . On January 6 , 2016 , James Wan posted a teaser clip to his social media accounts revealing that the first official trailer would debut the following day . Also on January 6 , Yahoo ! Movies exclusively released two stills from the film , featuring Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson . On March 26 , 2016 , Wan premiered the full - length trailer at WonderCon . In the weeks leading up to the film 's premiere , TV spots began airing . This was followed by a featurette titled Strange Happenings in Enfield , in which the Hodgson sisters and Lorraine Warren discuss their experiences with the case . Two weeks prior to The Conjuring 2 's premiere , fans were given the opportunity to take a 360 - degree virtual reality tour of the film 's Enfield house setting . Following that , another featurette was released , titled Audio Recordings , which featured a recording of the demon

The scary nun in The Conjuring 2 is played by

Who plays the scary nun in the conjuring 2?

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1972 . This high drop - off position was matched in January 1975 by `` Junior 's Farm '' by Paul McCartney and Wings . The record went unchallenged for more than three decades , but every title listed above achieved its drop - off after just four weeks or less on the Hot 100 . `` Nights in White Satin '' and `` Junior 's Farm '' dropped off after 18 and 12 weeks , respectively . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Source : </P> <H3> Number - one songs covered by different artists </H3> <Ul> <Li> `` Go Away Little Girl '' -- Steve Lawrence ( 1963 ) and Donny Osmond ( 1971 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Loco - Motion '' -- Little Eva ( 1962 ) and Grand Funk ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> `` Please Mr. Postman '' -- The Marvelettes ( 1961 ) and The Carpenters ( 1975 ) </Li> <Li> `` Venus '' -- Shocking Blue ( 1970 ) and Bananarama ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> `` Lean on Me '' -- Bill Withers ( 1972 ) and Club Nouveau ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> `` You Keep Me Hangin ' On '' -- The Supremes ( 1966 ) and Kim Wilde ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> `` When a Man Loves a Woman '' -- Percy Sledge ( 1966 ) and Michael Bolton ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Be There '' -- The Jackson 5 ( 1970 ) and Mariah Carey ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> `` Lady Marmalade '' -- Labelle ( 1975 ) and Christina Aguilera / Lil ' Kim / Mýa / Pink ( 2001 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Source : </P> <H3> Non-English language number - ones </H3> <Ul> <Li> `` Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu ( Volare ) '' -- Domenico Modugno ( Italian -- August 18 , 1958 for five non-consecutive weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Sukiyaki '' -- Kyu Sakamoto ( Japanese -- June 15 , 1963 for three weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Dominique '' -- The Singing Nun ( French -- December 7 , 1963 for four weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Rock Me Amadeus '' -- Falco ( English / German -- March 29 , 1986 for three weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` La Bamba '' -- Los Lobos ( Spanish -- August 29 , 1987 for three weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Macarena ( Bayside Boys Mix ) '' -- Los del Río ( English / Spanish -- August 3 , 1996 for fourteen weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Despacito '' -- Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber ( English / Spanish -- May 27 , 2017 for sixteen weeks ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Instrumental number - ones </H3> <Ul> <Li> `` The Happy Organ '' -- Dave `` Baby '' Cortez ( May 11 , 1959 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Sleep Walk '' -- Santo & Johnny ( September 21 , 1959 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Theme from A Summer Place '' -- Percy Faith ( February 22 , 1960 for nine weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Wonderland by Night '' -- Bert Kaempfert ( January 9 , 1961 for three weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Calcutta '' -- Lawrence Welk ( February 13 , 1961 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Stranger on the Shore '' -- Mr. Acker Bilk ( May 26 , 1962 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` The Stripper '' -- David Rose ( July 7 , 1962 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Telstar '' -- The Tornados ( December 22 , 1962 for three weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Love Is Blue '' -- Paul Mauriat ( February 10 , 1968 for five weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Grazing in the Grass '' -- Hugh Masekela ( July 20 , 1968 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet '' -- Henry Mancini ( July 28 , 1969 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Frankenstein '' -- The Edgar Winter Group ( May 26 , 1973 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Love 's Theme '' -- Love Unlimited Orchestra ( February 9 , 1974 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` TSOP ( The Sound of Philadelphia ) '' -- MFSB and The Three Degrees † ( April 20 , 1974 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Pick Up the Pieces '' -- Average White Band † ( February 22 , 1975 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` The Hustle '' -- Van McCoy and the Soul City Symphony † ( July 26 , 1975 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Fly , Robin , Fly '' -- Silver Convention † ( November 29 , 1975 for three weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Theme from S.W.A.T. '' -- Rhythm Heritage ( February 28 , 1976 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` A Fifth of Beethoven '' -- Walter Murphy and the Big Apple Band ( October 9 , 1976 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Gonna Fly Now '' -- Bill Conti † ( July 2 , 1977 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Star Wars Theme / Cantina Band '' -- Meco ( October 1 , 1977 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Rise '' -- Herb Alpert ( October 20 , 1979 for two weeks ) </Li> <Li> `` Chariots of Fire '' -- Vangelis ( May 8 , 1982 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Miami Vice Theme '' -- Jan Hammer ( November 9 , 1985 for one week ) </Li> <Li> `` Harlem Shake '' -- Baauer † ( March 2 , 2013 for five weeks ) </Li> </Ul> <P> † -- Contains vocal part , but is considered an instrumental . See Instrumental # Borderline cases for more . </P> <H2> Artist achievements </H2> <H3> Most number - one singles </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Number of singles </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Biggest number - one </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> The Beatles </Td> <Td> `` Hey Jude '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Elvis Presley † </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Be Cruel '' / `` Hound Dog '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariah Carey </Td> <Td> `` We Belong Together '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Rihanna </Td> <Td> `` We Found Love '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> <Td> `` Say Say Say '' ( duet with Paul McCartney ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> The Supremes </Td> <Td> `` Love Child '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Madonna </Td> <Td> `` Like a Virgin '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Whitney Houston </Td> <Td> `` I Will Always Love You '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Stevie Wonder </Td> <Td> `` Ebony and Ivory '' ( duet with Paul McCartney ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Janet Jackson </Td> <Td> `` Miss You Much '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100 . </Li> <Li> The biggest number - one listed by each artist reflects its overall performance on the Hot 100 , as calculated by Billboard , and may not necessarily be the single which spent the most weeks at # 1 for the artist , such as Madonna 's `` Like a Virgin '' ( six weeks at # 1 , compared to seven for `` Take a Bow '' ) , Mariah Carey 's `` We Belong Together '' ( fourteen weeks at # 1 , compared to sixteen for her duet with Boyz II Men , `` One Sweet Day '' ) and Michael Jackson 's duet with Paul McCartney , `` Say Say Say '' ( six weeks at # 1 , compared to seven for both his solo singles `` Billie Jean '' and `` Black or White '' ) . </Li> <Li> Billboard now credits the dual # 1 Presley single `` Do n't Be Cruel '' / `` Hound Dog '' as a single chart entity , and credits Presley with 17 number one singles . `` Do n't Be Cruel '' / `` Hound Dog '' spent 11 weeks at # 1 , `` Hound Dog '' for 6 weeks , `` Do n't Be Cruel '' for 5 weeks . Many chart statisticians however , such as Joel Whitburn still lists Presley as having 18 number ones . </Li> </Ul> <P> Source : </P> <H3> Most cumulative weeks at number one </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Weeks at number one </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> Elvis Presley † </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariah Carey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Rihanna </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> The Beatles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Boyz II Men </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> Usher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Beyoncé </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Elton John </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Janet Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Katy Perry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Drake </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100 . Presley is sometimes credited with an `` 80th week '' that occurred when `` All Shook Up '' spent a ninth week on top of the `` Most Played in Jukeboxes '' chart . Although Billboard 's chart statistician Joel Whitburn still counts this 80th week based on preexisting research , Billboard magazine itself has since revised its methodology and officially credits Presley with 79 weeks . </Li> <Li> Much of Presley 's total factors in pre-Hot 100 data . If counting from the August 1958 Hot 100 inception , Presley totaled 22 weeks at # 1 . </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <P> Source : </P> <H3> Most consecutive number - one singles </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Number of singles </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> First hit and date </Th> <Th> Final hit and date </Th> <Th> Streak - breaking song </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Whitney Houston </Td> <Td> `` Saving All My Love for You '' ( October 26 , 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' ( April 23 , 1988 ) </Td> <Td> `` Love Will Save the Day '' ( # 9 -- August 27 , 1988 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> The Beatles </Td> <Td> `` I Feel Fine '' ( December 26 , 1964 ) </Td> <Td> `` We Can Work It Out '' ( January 8 , 1966 ) </Td> <Td> `` Nowhere Man '' ( # 3 -- March 26 , 1966 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bee Gees </Td> <Td> `` How Deep Is Your Love '' ( December 24 , 1977 ) </Td> <Td> `` Love You Inside Out '' ( June 9 , 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` He 's A Liar '' ( # 30 -- October 24 , 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Elvis Presley </Td> <Td> `` A Big Hunk o ' Love '' ( August 10 , 1959 ) </Td> <Td> `` Surrender '' ( March 20 , 1961 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Feel So Bad '' ( # 5 -- May 1961 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Supremes </Td> <Td> `` Where Did Our Love Go '' ( August 22 , 1964 ) </Td> <Td> `` Back in My Arms Again '' ( June 12 , 1965 ) </Td> <Td> `` Nothing but Heartaches '' ( # 11 -- September 4 , 1965 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> <Td> `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' ( with Siedah Garrett ) ( September 19 , 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` Dirty Diana '' ( July 2 , 1988 ) </Td> <Td> `` Another Part of Me '' ( # 11 -- September 10 , 1988 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariah Carey </Td> <Td> `` Vision of Love '' ( August 4

The record for the most number one single hits is held by

Who has the most number one single hits?

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elect to use a Street Shout - Out , in which Bailey or Melewski immediately pulls the cab to a curb so that anyone on the sidewalk can be asked for help , without any official time limit . A second Street Shout - Out is included on a Double Ride . In the revived Cash Cab , the Mobile Shout - Out was replaced by the Social Media Shout - Out , in which Ben activates Facebook Live so that those on the site may help the contestant . </P> <H3> Video Bonus ( edit ) </H3> <P> Should the passenger ( s ) reach the destination without striking out , Bailey / Melewski offers a choice : the option of leaving the cab and keeping the prize money that they have won , or they can stay and try to double their money by risking it all on a Video Bonus question . Bailey / Melewski plays a video clip and asks the contestant ( s ) a single question based on its content . If the question is answered correctly , the contestant ( s ) win double what they have earned so far , but if they are wrong , they lose all of their money and `` leave with nothing but a free cab ride '' . </P> <H3> Double Ride ( edit ) </H3> <P> Beginning in Season 4 , this rarely occurring part of the show happens when randomly selected passengers are able to win double the amount of money of a normal game . The first four questions are worth $100 , the second four are worth $200 and the rest until the end of the game are worth $400 . The `` Red Light Challenge '' is worth $500 . </P> <H2> Record payouts ( edit ) </H2> <P> The current record of $6,200 won on one ride is held by Sam Meyer ( riding solo , on a Double Ride , taking and winning the Double - or - Nothing Video Bonus question ) on the episode that aired May 18 , 2009 . This topped the old record held by contestants Sean Devney and Steve Irolla , two New York City tour guides who won $4,100 after answering the `` Video Bonus '' question correctly . They reached their final destination with two strikes ( both on $200 questions ) . </P> <H2> Special editions ( edit ) </H2> <P> One episode of the program was a special celebrity edition , featuring actor Thomas Haden Church of Spider - Man 3 , NHL players Jed Ortmeyer and Ryan Hollweg of the New York Rangers and journalist Harry Smith , formerly of CBS ' The Early Show . All played for a charity of their choice , and Discovery Channel matched the contestants ' winnings . Another episode was a special in which the passengers were asked questions relating to the 2008 film Frost / Nixon . In this episode , the host of Cash Cab : Canada , Adam Growe , was driving the cab instead of Ben Bailey . </P> <P> On April 21 , 2009 , Discovery aired a charity episode of Cash Cab for its 250th episode featuring two rides by boat crew members from Deadliest Catch . Time Bandit co-captain Andy Hillstrand and Josh Harris , son of Cornelia Marie captain Phil Harris , went against Sig Hansen ( captain of the Northwestern ) and his two brothers . All cash values were doubled from the Season 3 payouts , the passengers received a second Street Shout - Out , and all money earned was donated by the passengers to the charities of their choice . </P> <P> In the Cash Cab : Las Vegas episodes , filmed in May 2010 and broadcast beginning in August of that year , celebrities play for charity and civilians play for themselves . Guests have included Mayor of Las Vegas , Oscar Goodman , comedian David Brenner , the band Neon Trees and magicians Penn & Teller . The prizes are sometimes doubled in a `` Double Down Ride '' , just like on the regular show . In the event they strike out or miss the Video Bonus question , their charities receive $500 , though some celebrities decide to also chip in with the amount of money lost , out of their own pockets . </P> <P> On December 4 , 2017 , Discovery aired a special Celebrity Edition , where as the unsuspecting passengers hailed the Cash Cab , they were joined by celebrities to help them , featuring NCIS : New Orleans actor , Scott Bakula , actor & comedian , Gilbert Gottfried , Friends actor , Matthew Perry . </P> <H2> Taglines ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show 's tagline in the first two seasons was : `` There are 13,000 cabs in New York City , but there 's only one that pays you ! '' Starting in season three , the tagline was modified : `` There are 13,000 cabs in the streets of the Big Apple , but there 's only one that pays you ! '' On Cash Cab : After Dark , the tagline is : `` Every night , 13,000 cabs hit the streets of the city that never sleeps , but there 's only one that pays you ! '' </P> <H2> Cash Cab : Chicago ( edit ) </H2> <P> During Season 6 of Cash Cab , a new spin - off series , Cash Cab : Chicago , hosted by comedian Beth Melewski and using the same rules as its New York counterpart , aired . The spin - off was cancelled after one season , but rerun episodes are aired along with Cash Cab episodes in syndication . Ben Bailey stated that the show was created during contract renewal negotiations . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> A support van tails the Cash Cab , containing producers and a camera crew for the various street shots . The staff provide logistical information and questions by way of a walkie - talkie and earpiece worn by the host . The Cash Cab is equipped with ten cameras : one on the host , three on the passengers , one pointing forward from the back window of the cab , and three ( front , left and right ) in the advertising shell on the roof of the cab showing the passing streetscape . The rear of the cab behind the seats contains ten recording decks and other production equipment . </P> <P> The lighting and the music that go off when contestants enter the cab consist of a switchboard that is connected to an iPod and the car stereo . The Video Bonus monitor is a DVD player that is embedded to the back of the front passenger seat . </P> <P> Some contestants are randomly picked as they walk along the sidewalk , while others are selected in advance . Even so , those picked in advance are never actually told that the cab that is supposed to take them to the show turns out to be the show itself . </P> <P> Near the end of the game at the player 's destination Ben Bailey or Beth Melewski appears to present the cash won . In reality , this cash is a prop and used for on - air purposes only . The winnings , which must be taxed , are sent via check . </P> <P> The Cash Cab in New York is a Toyota Sienna minivan with the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission call sign `` 1G12 '' in the first two seasons and during the After Dark shows . A new cab with the call sign of `` 7N78 '' has been used since , which also features new headliner lighting . </P> <P> Melewski 's Cash Cab is also a Toyota Sienna minivan with the Yellow Taxi call sign `` 4472 '' . </P> <H2> Broadcast and syndication ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of March 2017 , reruns air on Cozi TV and on Game Show Network . The New York City version reruns air on the Quest network in the UK . On October 26 , 2009 , MGM Television announced that the reruns would begin airing on local stations in January 2011 . Stations are allowed the option to air the series as a daily strip or as a weekend series . GSN began airing the series starting on March 13 , 2017 . </P> <P> On March 27 , 2017 , Discovery announced it was working on new episodes that will feature guest hosts from `` the worlds of comedy , film and TV '' as the drivers . Despite initial reports that he would not return , Bailey did host the revival episodes . </P> <H2> Accolades ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bailey has been nominated four times for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host , winning the award in 2010 , 2011 and 2013 . Cash Cab won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show in 2008 , 2009 and 2010 . In 2013 , the show appeared in TV Guide 's list of the 60 greatest game shows ever . </P> <H2> International versions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Driver </Th> <Th> Channel </Th> <Th> Premiere </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Asia - Pacific </Td> <Td> Cash Cab Asia </Td> <Td> Oli Pettigrew </Td> <Td> AXN Asia </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 10 - 18 - 0000 18 October 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arab World </Td> <Td> كاش تاكسي Cash Taxi </Td> <Td> Hisham Abdel Rahman </Td> <Td> MBC 1 </Td> <Td> 000000002008 - 01 - 01 - 0000 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Cash Cab </Td> <Td> Charlie Pickering James Kerley </Td> <Td> Channel V </Td> <Td> 000000002007 - 10 - 29 - 0000 29 October 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> QUIZ TAXI </Td> <Td> Max Schmiedl </Td> <Td> Puls 4 </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 10 - 16 - 0000 16 October 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> QUIZ TAXI eXtreme </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 10 - 23 - 0000 23 October 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> Taxi Vanoudenhoven </Td> <Td> Rob Vanoudenhoven </Td> <Td> Eén </Td> <Td> 000000002012 - 06 - 10 - 0000 10 June 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Taxi do Milão </Td> <Td> Supla </Td> <Td> RedeTV ! </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 01 - 01 - 0000 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> Cash Cab </Td> <Td> Adam Growe </Td> <Td> Discovery Channel Canada ( Canada ) </Td> <Td> 000000002008 - 09 - 10 - 0000 10 September 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Taxi Payant </Td> <Td> Alexandre Barrette ( in French ) </Td> <Td> V ( Quebec ) </Td> <Td> 000000002009 - 09 - 03 - 0000 3 September 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chile </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> MEGA </Td> <Td> 000000002012 - 01 - 01 - 0000 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> China </Td> <Td> 超级 现金 车 Cash Cab </Td> <Td> Song Peng ( 宋 鹏 ) </Td> <Td> TVS3 </Td> <Td> 000000002012 - 12 - 17 - 0000 17 December 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Colombia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CityTV </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> Taxík </Td> <Td> Aleš Háma Tomáš Matonoha Monika Absolonová </Td> <Td> Česká televize </Td> <Td> 000000002008 - 01 - 01 - 0000 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Taxi Cash </Td> <Td> Alexandre Devoise </Td> <Td> W9 </Td> <Td> 000000002010 - 10 - 23 - 0000 23 October 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark </Td> <Td> Taxaquizzen </Td> <Td> Sigurd Kongshøj Larsen </Td> <Td> TV2 </Td> <Td> 000000002011 - 09 - 29 - 0000 29 September 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Egypt </Td> <Td> كاش تاكسي Cash Taxi </Td> <Td> Nashwa Mustafa </Td> <Td> MBC Masr </Td> <Td> 000000002013 - 07 - 09 - 0000 9 July 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany

The Cash Cab host reads the questions

How does the cash cab guy read the questions?

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Black Death across Europe <P> The term `` Black Death '' -- which refers to the first and most serious outbreak of the Second Pandemic -- was not used by contemporaries , who preferred such names as the `` Great Pestilence '' or the `` Great Mortality '' . It was not until the seventeenth century that the term under which we know the outbreak today became common , probably derived from Scandinavian languages . It is generally agreed today that the disease in question was plague , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . These bacteria are carried by fleas , which can be transferred to humans through contact with rats . Flea bites carry the disease into the lymphatic system , through which it makes its way to the lymph nodes . Here the bacteria multiply and form swellings called buboes , from which the term bubonic plague is derived . After three or four days the bacteria enter the bloodstream , and infect organs such as the spleen and the lungs . The patient will then normally die after a few days . A different strain of the disease is pneumonic plague , where the bacteria become airborne and enter directly into the patient 's lungs . This strain is far more virulent , as it spreads directly from person to person . These types of infection probably both played a significant part in the Black Death , while a third strain was more rare . This is the septicaemic plague , where the flea bite carries the bacteria directly into the blood stream , and death occurs very rapidly . </P> <P> A study reported in 2011 of skeletons exhumed from the `` Black Death '' cemetery in East Smithfield London found Yersina Pestis DNA . An archeological dig in the vicinity of Thornton Abbey in Lincolnshire was reported in the science section of The Guardian for Nov. 30 2016 not only confirming evidence of Yersina Pestis in the DNA of the human remains exhumed there but dating it to mid-1349 . </P> <P> Genotyping showed that it was ( at that time ) a newly evolved strain , ancestor of all modern strains and proved the `` Black Death '' was caused by bubonic plague . Modern medical knowledge would suggest that because it was a new mutation meant immune systems would have had little or no defence against it , which helps to explain its virulence . </P> <P> The `` Black Death '' seems to have originated in Central Asia , where Yersina Pestis bacterium is endemic in the rodent population . It is unknown exactly what caused the outbreak , but a series of natural occurrences likely brought humans into contact with the infected rodents . The epidemic reached Constantinople in the late spring of 1347 , through Genoese merchants trading in the Black Sea . From here it reached Sicily in October that same year , and by early 1348 it had spread all over the Italian mainland . It spread rapidly through France , and had reached as far north as Paris in June 1348 . Moving simultaneously westward , it arrived in the English province of Gascony around the same time . </P> <H2> Progress of the plague ( edit ) </H2> In this year , in Melcombe , in the county of Dorset , a little before the Feast of St. John the Baptist , two ships , one of them from Bristol , came alongside . One of the sailors had brought with him from Gascony the seeds of the terrible pestilence and through him the men of the town of Melcombe were the first in England to be infected . Grey Friars ' Chronicle <P> According to the chronicle of the grey friars at King 's Lynn , the plague arrived by ship from Gascony to Melcombe in Dorset -- today normally referred to as Weymouth -- shortly before `` the Feast of St. John The Baptist '' on 24 June 1348 . Other sources mention different points of arrival , including Bristol and Southampton . Though the plague might have arrived independently at Bristol at a later point , the Grey Friars ' Chronicle is considered the most authoritative account . If it is assumed that the chronicle reports the first outbreak of the plague , rather than its actual arrival , then the arrival most likely happened around 8 May . </P> <P> From Weymouth the disease spread rapidly across the south - west . The first major city to be struck was Bristol . London was reached in the autumn of 1348 , before most of the surrounding countryside . This had certainly happened by November , though according to some accounts as early as 29 September . Arrival in London happened by three principal roads : overland from Weymouth -- through Salisbury and Winchester -- overland from Gloucester , and along the coast by ship . The full effect of the plague was felt in the capital early the next year . Conditions in London were ideal for the plague : the streets were narrow and flowing with sewage , and houses were overcrowded and poorly ventilated . By March 1349 the disease was spreading in a haphazard way across all of southern England . </P> <P> During the first half of 1349 the Black Death spread northwards . A second front opened up when the plague arrived by ship at the Humber , wherefrom it spread both south and north . In May it reached York , and during the summer months of June , July and August , it ravaged the north . Certain northern counties , like Durham and Cumberland , had been the victim of violent incursions from the Scots , and were therefore left particularly vulnerable to the devastations of the plague . Pestilence is less virulent during the winter months , and spreads less rapidly . The Black Death in England had survived the winter of 1348 -- 49 , but during the following winter it gave in , and by December 1349 conditions were returning to relative normalcy . It had taken the disease approximately 500 days to traverse the entire country . </P> <H2> Medical practice ( edit ) </H2> <P> In order to treat patients infected with the plague , various methods were used including sweating , bloodletting , forced vomiting , and urinating . Several symptoms of the illness included blotches , hardening of the glands under the groin and underarms , and dementia . Within the initial phase of the disease , bloodletting was performed on the same side of where the physical manifestations of the buboes or risings appeared . For instance , if a rising appeared on the right side of the groin the physician would bleed a vein in the ankle on the same side . In the case of sweating , it was achieved with such medicines as Mithridate , Venice - Treacle , Matthiolus , Bezoar - Water , Serpentary Roots and Electuarium de Ovo . Sweating was used when measures were desperate ; if a patient had tokens , a severe version of risings , the physician would wrap the naked patient in a blanket drenched in cold water . This measure was only performed while the patient still had natural heat in his system . The desired effect was to make the patient sweat violently and thus purge all corruption from the blood which was caused by the disease . </P> <P> Another practice was the use of pigeons when treating swellings . Swellings which were white in appearance and deep were unlikely to break and must be anointed with Oil of Lillies or Camomil . Once the swelling rises to a head and is red in appearance and not deep in the flesh , it can be broken with the use of a feather from a young pigeon 's tail . The feather 's fundament was held to the swelling and would draw out the venom . However , if the swelling dropped and became black in appearance since it had taken in coldness , the physician had to be cautious when drawing the cold from the swelling . If it was too late to prevent , the physician would take the young pigeon , cut her open from breast to back , break her open and apply the pigeon ( while still alive ) over the cold swelling . The cupping therapy was an alternative method which was heated and then placed over the swellings . Once the sore was broken , the physician would apply Mellilot Plaister with Linimentum Arcei and heal the sore with digence . </P> <H2> Victims ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Death toll ( edit ) </H3> <P> Although historical records for England were more extensive than those of any other European country , it is still extremely difficult to establish the death toll with any degree of certainty . Difficulties involve uncertainty about the size of the total population , as described above , but also issues regarding the proportion of the population that died from the plague . Contemporary accounts are often grossly inflated , stating numbers as high as 90 % . Modern historians give estimates of death rates ranging from around 25 % to over 60 % of the total population . </P> <P> The pioneering work in the field was made by Josiah William Russell in his 1948 British Medieval Population . Russell looked at inquisitions post mortem ( IPMs ) -- taken by the crown to assess the wealth of the greatest landowners after their death -- to assess the mortality caused by the Black Death , and from this arrived at an estimate of 23.6 % of the entire population . He also looked at episcopal registers for the death toll among the clergy , where the result was between 30 -- 40 % . Russell believed the clergy was at particular risk of contagion , and eventually concluded with a low mortality level of only 20 % . </P> <P> Several of Russell 's assumptions have been challenged , and the tendency since has been to adjust the assessment upwards . Philip Ziegler , in 1969 , estimated the death rate to be at around one third of the population . Jeremy Goldberg , in 1996 , believed a number closer to 45 % would be more realistic . A 2004 study by Ole Jørgen Benedictow suggests the exceptionally high mortality level of 62.5 % . Assuming a population of 6 million , this estimate would correspond to 3,750,000 deaths . Such a high percentage would place England above the average that Benedictow estimates for Western Europe as a whole , of 60 % . A death rate at such a high level has not been universally accepted in the historical community . </P> <P> In 2016 , Carenza Lewis reported the results of a new method of assessing the death toll . She argues that pottery before and after the Black Death is datable because there was a change at that time from the high medieval to the late medieval style , and that counts of pottery of each type therefore provide a useful proxy for long term changes in population . She and her colleagues analysed pottery sherds from test pits in over fifty continuously occupied rural settlements in eastern England , and found a decline in the number of pottery producing pits of 45 % . Norfolk had the greatest drop of 65 % , while there was no drop in 10 % of settlements , mostly commercial centres . </P> Impact of the Black Death : 1349 ( edit ) <P> Archbishop Zouche of York issued a warning throughout the diocese in July 1348 ( when the epidemic was raging further south ) of ' great mortalities , pestilences and infections of the air ' . </P> <P> The ' Great Mortality ' , as it was then known , entered Yorkshire around February 1349 and quickly spread through the diocese . The clergy were on the front line of the disease , bringing

The Black Death ended in England in

When did the black death end in england?

5675431682011947120

NCIS : Los Angeles ( season 9 ) - wikipedia <H1> NCIS : Los Angeles ( season 9 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCIS : Los Angeles ( season 9 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris O'Donnell </Li> <Li> Daniela Ruah </Li> <Li> Eric Christian Olsen </Li> <Li> Barrett Foa </Li> <Li> Renée Felice Smith </Li> <Li> Nia Long </Li> <Li> Linda Hunt </Li> <Li> LL Cool J </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> October 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 01 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of NCIS : Los Angeles episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The ninth season of NCIS : Los Angeles premiered on October 1 , 2017 on CBS for the 2017 -- 18 television season . The season is due to contain 24 episodes . The season contained the show 's 200th episode . The season is set to conclude on May 20 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cast <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Main </Li> <Li> 1.2 Recurring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes </Li> <Li> 3 Ratings </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Chris O'Donnell as Grisha `` G . '' Callen , NCIS Special Agent in Charge ( SAC ) </Li> <Li> Daniela Ruah as Kensi Blye , NCIS Special Agent </Li> <Li> Eric Christian Olsen as Marty Deeks , L.A.P.D. Liaison Detective </Li> <Li> Barrett Foa as Eric Beale , NCIS Technical Operator </Li> <Li> Renée Felice Smith as Nell Jones , NCIS Special Agent and Intelligence Analyst </Li> <Li> Nia Long as Shay Mosley , NCIS Executive Assistant Director for Pacific Operations ( EADPAC ) </Li> <Li> Linda Hunt as Henrietta Lange , NCIS Supervisory Special Agent ( SSA ) and Operations Manager </Li> <Li> LL Cool J as Sam Hanna , NCIS Senior Special Agent , second in command </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Vyto Ruginis as Arkady Kolcheck </Li> <Li> Peter Cambor as Nate Getz , NCIS Special Agent </Li> <Li> Bar Paly as Anastasia `` Anna '' Kolcheck , NCIS consultant and Callen 's girlfriend . </Li> <Li> John M. Jackson as Retired Rear Admiral A.J. Chegwidden , USN , JAG </Li> <Li> Andrea Bordeaux as Harley Hidoko , NCIS Special Agent and Executive Assistant to the EADPAC . </Li> <Li> Jeff Kober as Harris Keane </Li> <Li> Pamela Reed as Roberta Deeks , Deeks ' mother . </Li> <Li> Daniel J. Travanti as Nikita Aleksandr Reznikov / Garrison , Callen 's father </Li> <Li> Ravil Isyanov as Anatoli Kirkin </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 193 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Party Crashers '' </Td> <Td> John Peter Kousakis </Td> <Td> R. Scott Gemmill </Td> <Td> October 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 901 </Td> <Td> 8.95 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Hetty turns in retirement papers and disappears , Shay Mosley comes to Los Angeles to oversee the team and makes staffing changes ; Sam insists that Callen find a new partner . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 194 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Se Murio El Payaso '' </Td> <Td> Rick Tunell </Td> <Td> Kyle Harimoto </Td> <Td> October 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 825 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When the daughter of a notorious counterfeiter arrives in Los Angeles , Sam is sent undercover as a financier , while Callen partners with Anna ( Bar Paly ) to track the family 's latest scheme . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 195 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Assets '' </Td> <Td> Tawnia McKiernan </Td> <Td> Kyle Harimoto </Td> <Td> October 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 902 </Td> <Td> 8.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> During the murder investigation of a Navy Lieutenant on leave in Los Angeles , the NCIS team uncovers classified surveillance briefs she smuggled into the city that may have been sold to a foreign buyer . Meanwhile , Sam decides to sell his house . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 196 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Plain Sight '' </Td> <Td> Dennis Smith </Td> <Td> Joseph C. Wilson </Td> <Td> October 22 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> 903 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> After weapons with a $1 million street value are stolen , the team tracks the evidence to a wealthy charity event , prompting Mosley to be added to the guest list with Callen and Sam as her security detail . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 197 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Mountebank '' </Td> <Td> Terrence O'Hara </Td> <Td> Jordana Lewis Jaffe </Td> <Td> October 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 29 ) </Td> <Td> 904 </Td> <Td> 7.50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Sam goes undercover as a day trader after a prominent investment banker with ties to a Russian oligarch is murdered . Also , one of Callen 's aliases is the victim of credit card theft , and Mosley is concerned it signals something bigger . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 198 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Can I Get a Witness ? '' </Td> <Td> James Hanlon </Td> <Td> Chad Mazero </Td> <Td> November 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 826 </Td> <Td> 8.03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> LAPD Detective Whiting calls in a favor from Deeks after his former partner , LAPD Lieutenant Bates , goes rogue and only Deeks can bring him in . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 199 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` The Silo '' </Td> <Td> James Whitmore , Jr . </Td> <Td> Frank Military </Td> <Td> November 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 905 </Td> <Td> 7.86 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> After an Air Force captain Kensi dated a decade ago breaches a missile launch facility , she is transported to the location to help thwart the use of nuclear weapons . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 200 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` This Is What We Do '' </Td> <Td> John Peter Kousakis </Td> <Td> R. Scott Gemmill </Td> <Td> November 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 906 </Td> <Td> 6.95 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When a group of migrants and Border Patrol officers are slaughtered near Camp Pendleton , the team discovers that the killers are there for one of their old enemies ; Nell must work with her bossy older sister Sydney , a Homeland Security analyst . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 201 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Fool Me Twice '' </Td> <Td> Benny Boom </Td> <Td> Andrew Bartels </Td> <Td> November 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 907 </Td> <Td> 7.64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Callen and the team question Joelle 's backstory after she escapes from a kidnapping and turns to Callen for help . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 202 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Forasteira '' </Td> <Td> Eric Pot </Td> <Td> Erin Broadhurst </Td> <Td> December 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 908 </Td> <Td> 7.53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The team tracks a highly - skilled assailant determined to avenge her father 's death by killing a Brazilian diplomat . Meanwhile , Deeks helps Guy , his mother 's boyfriend , with a theft . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 203 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` All Is Bright '' </Td> <Td> Ruba Nadda </Td> <Td> Chad Mazero </Td> <Td> December 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 909 </Td> <Td> 7.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The team investigates a ransomware attack that disrupts the entire power grid and paralyzes the city ; Sam struggles to find a way for his family to celebrate the holidays after his wife 's death . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 204 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Under Pressure '' </Td> <Td> Diana C. Valentine </Td> <Td> Joe Sachs </Td> <Td> January 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 911 </Td> <Td> 7.87 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> After napalm is detected at a crime scene , the team investigates the sole casualty for possible links to terrorism . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 205 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Các Tù Nhân '' </Td> <Td> James Hanlon </Td> <Td> R. Scott Gemmill </Td> <Td> January 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 910 </Td> <Td> 9.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> Eric and Nell find a cryptic clue Hetty left behind in a book that points to Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam . At first , they clash with Mosley as they try to find out what Hetty is doing there , but Mosley comes around and gets them tickets to Vietnam . Meanwhile , Hetty tries to look insane while being interrogated by her `` buyer '' , who 's after the secret information she has . </P> The title of the episode , `` Các Tù Nhân '' is Vietnamese for `` Prisoners . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 206 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Goodbye , Vietnam '' </Td> <Td> John Peter Kousakis </Td> <Td> R. Scott Gemmill </Td> <Td> March 11 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 912 </Td> <Td> 8.03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The OSP team must work with Hetty 's old unit to locate her before she is sold off , while Nell and Eric must work with Sydney to uncover information that would help the team . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 207 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Liabilities '' </Td> <Td> Lily Mariye </Td> <Td> Kyle Harimoto </Td> <Td> March 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 913 </Td> <Td> 8.02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The team 's follow up on an old case leads them to Jennifer Kim ( Malese Jow ) , Granger 's estranged daughter , who may be the only one able to help them prevent a rogue North Korean agent from causing a terrorist attack in Los Angeles . Hetty readjusts to the OSP office following her return , especially to Mosley . In the end of the episode , Callen and Sam learn that Granger is dead . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 208 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Warrior of Peace '' </Td> <Td> Terence Nightingall </Td> <Td> Andrew Bartels </Td> <Td> March 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 914 </Td> <Td> 8.58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Callen 's father is apprehended as part of an exchange for two American photographers being held hostage in Iran . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 209 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` The Monster '' </Td> <Td> Dennis Smith </Td> <Td> Adam George Key & Frank Military </Td> <Td> April 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 915 </Td> <Td> 7.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> While Investigating a missing person 's case , the team uncovers a killer who puts on a show for high paying voyeurs . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 210 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Vendetta '' </Td> <Td> James Whitmore , Jr . </Td> <Td> Jordana Lewis Jaffe </Td> <Td> April 8

New episodes of NCIS Los Angeles return on

When do new episodes of ncis los angeles return?

-7254388745571129306

Freddie Highmore - wikipedia <H1> Freddie Highmore </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Freddie Highmore </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Highmore at the premiere of Bates Motel in March 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Alfred Thomas Highmore ( 1992 - 02 - 14 ) 14 February 1992 ( age 26 ) Camden Town , London , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> London , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> Highgate School , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Emmanuel College , Cambridge ( B.A. ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1999 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parents </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Edward Highmore ( father ) </Li> <Li> Sue Latimer ( mother ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Alfred Thomas `` Freddie '' Highmore ( born 14 February 1992 ) is an English actor . He made his professional acting debut in the comedy film Women Talking Dirty ( 1999 ) . He is known for his roles in the films Finding Neverland ( 2004 ) , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2005 ) , and The Spiderwick Chronicles ( 2008 ) , and in the television series Bates Motel and The Good Doctor . For his roles in the first two , he won two consecutive Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Young Performer . </P> <P> Highmore starred as Norman Bates in the acclaimed A&E drama - thriller series Bates Motel ( 2013 -- 2017 ) , for which he was nominated three times for the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series and won a People 's Choice Award . In 2017 , Highmore began producing and starring as Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series The Good Doctor , for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1999 -- 2004 : Beginnings and Finding Neverland </Li> <Li> 2.2 2005 -- 2011 : Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The Spiderwick Chronicles </Li> <Li> 2.3 2012 -- present : Bates Motel , screenwriting debut and The Good Doctor </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Video games </Li> <Li> 4.4 Music videos </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Highmore was born on 14 February 1992 in Camden Town , London , into a show business family . His mother , Sue Latimer , is a talent agent whose clients include actors Daniel Radcliffe and Imelda Staunton , and his father , Edward Highmore , is an actor . He has a younger brother named Bertie . </P> <P> His home is in Highgate , North London . Highmore was educated at a primary school in Hampstead Garden Suburb in Hampstead and at Highgate School , an independent school , followed by Emmanuel College , Cambridge , where he earned a Double First in Spanish and Arabic . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1999 -- 2004 : beginnings and Finding Neverland ( edit ) </H3> <P> Highmore began his acting career with small roles on television at the age of 7 . He made his film debut in Coky Giedroyc 's comedy Women Talking Dirty ( 1999 ) , playing the son of a woman ( Helena Bonham Carter ) who has recently become estranged from her commitment - phobic French lover . In 2001 , Highmore played a young King Arthur in the TNT miniseries The Mists of Avalon , a revisionist take on the Arthurian legends that depicted the women of Camelot as the real power behind the throne . </P> <P> In 2001 , in the BBC miniseries Happy Birthday Shakespeare , he portrayed a young boy who dreams of moving his family to Stratford - upon - Avon . Highmore has acted alongside members of his family in two separate films ; his brother Bertie played his brother in Women Talking Dirty , and his father Edward played his father in Hallmark Entertainment 's television film Jack and the Beanstalk : The Real Story ( 2001 ) . </P> <P> In 2004 , Highmore returned to the big screen for the family adventure film Two Brothers , directed by Jean - Jacques Annaud . He played the son of a French administrator who refuses to believe that his new friend , a tiger cub , might be dangerous after having tasted blood . He next had a major role alongside Kenneth Branagh , Zoë Wanamaker and Eddie Izzard in the fantasy film Five Children and It ( 2004 ) . That same year , Highmore made his breakthrough with a critically acclaimed performance as troubled Peter Llewelyn Davies in Marc Forster 's semi-biographical film Finding Neverland . He received several awards and nominations for the role , including a Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer , and nominations for the Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role . </P> <H3> 2005 -- 2011 : Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and the Spiderwick Chronicles ( edit ) </H3> Highmore at the San Diego Comic - Con International , 23 July 2009 <P> In 2005 , he portrayed the main role of Charlie Bucket in Tim Burton 's musical fantasy film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , adapted from the book of the same name by Roald Dahl . He was reportedly recommended by co-star Johnny Depp , with whom Highmore had worked in Finding Neverland ; Depp had been impressed by the young actor 's performance and thus put his name forward for the role . Highmore had not seen the original 1971 version of the film , and decided not to see it until he was done filming so his portrayal of Charlie would not be influenced . For his role , he again won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer and was awarded the Satellite Award for Outstanding New Talent . Highmore also lent his voice to the film 's accompanying video game of the same name . </P> <P> He next appeared as a young Max Skinner in Ridley Scott 's comedy - drama film A Good Year , which was released in the UK on 27 October 2006 . Also in 2006 , he began portraying protagonist Arthur Montgomery in the live - action / animated fantasy adventure film Arthur and the Invisibles , released on 13 December 2006 . Two sequels followed : Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard ( 2009 ) and Arthur 3 : The War of the Two Worlds ( 2010 ) . For the third film and the trilogy 's accompanying video game , Highmore provided voice acting . In 2007 , he lent his voice to the adventure fantasy film The Golden Compass ( 2007 ) and its video game of the same name . He then portrayed the title character in the drama film August Rush ( 2007 ) , alongside Keri Russell , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , and Robin Williams . The story follows a musical prodigy as he searches for his birth parents . This film received a wide release on 21 November 2007 . </P> <P> Highmore next starred in the dual role of American twins Simon and Jared Grace , alongside Sarah Bolger as their sister Mallory , in the fantasy adventure film The Spiderwick Chronicles ( 2008 ) , based on the popular children 's stories of the same name by Tony DiTerlizzi . The film also had a video game , The Spiderwick Chronicles , in which Highmore reprised the characters of Simon and Jared in a voice role . That same year , he provided voice acting for the role of Little Jack in the animated film A Fox 's Tale ( 2008 ) . In 2009 , Highmore voiced the lead character in the animated film Astro Boy , and provided his voice to its accompanying video game , Astro Boy : The Video Game . He then played the main role in Toast , a BBC autobiographical film about chef Nigel Slater , which was aired on 30 December 2010 . The miniseries marked the third time Highmore has worked with Helena Bonham Carter . Also in 2010 , he starred as Hally Ballard , opposite Ving Rhames , in the drama film Master Harold ... and the Boys , based on the play of the same name by Athol Fugard . The following year , he co-starred alongside Emma Roberts in the romantic comedy - drama The Art of Getting By ( 2011 ) . </P> <H3> 2012 -- present : Bates Motel , screenwriting debut and the Good Doctor ( edit ) </H3> Highmore at PaleyFest for Bates Motel , 10 May 2013 <P> In 2013 , Highmore voiced the title character in the animated adventure film Justin and the Knights of Valour . From 2013 to 2017 , he portrayed the iconic role of Norman Bates , alongside Vera Farmiga as his mother Norma , in the A&E drama - thriller series Bates Motel , a prequel to the Alfred Hitchcock film Psycho that restarts the storyline in the present day . He won a People 's Choice Award in 2016 for his performance , and has received nominations for the Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television ( 2013 ) , the Satellite Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Drama ( 2013 ) , and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series ( 2014 -- 2015 , and 2017 ) . Highmore ventured into writing and directing during his time working on the series , writing the fourth season episode `` Unfaithful '' and the fifth season episode `` Inseparable '' , and directing the fifth season episode `` The Body '' . </P> <P> In August 2014 , it was reported that NBC had purchased a comedy pilot script written and executive produced by Highmore and Bates Motel showrunner Kerry Ehrin . However , the pilot was not picked up to series . In 2015 , he appeared in the Libertines ' music video for `` You 're My Waterloo '' , alongside Marama Corlett . In 2016 , Highmore starred in Stephen Poliakoff 's BBC Two seven - part miniseries Close to the Enemy , the coming - of - age comedy - drama film Almost Friends , and Nick Hamm 's political comedy - drama film The Journey . The following year , he began portraying the lead role of Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series The Good Doctor , on which he also serves as a producer . In 2017 , he received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series for his performance . </P> <P> Highmore has been cast as the voice of the Duke of Cheshire in the animated film adaptation of The Canterville Ghost . He is attached to play the title character , Baby Face Nelson , in the A&E drama pilot Baby Face , which he co-wrote and will executive produce with Kerry Ehrin . Highmore will also executive produce Ehrin 's drama pilot Long Distance for NBC . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Highmore lives in London , which he has said keeps him grounded . He is close friends with his Bates Motel co-star Vera Farmiga , and is godfather to Fynn , her son with her husband Renn Hawkey . He is a supporter of Arsenal Football Club . </P> <P> Highmore speaks Spanish , French , and Arabic , in addition to his native English . </P> <H2>

The actor who plays the title character on the TV show "The Good Doctor" is

Who is the actor that plays the good doctor on tv?

-4305346025991679007

What is to Be Done ? - Wikipedia <H1> What is to Be Done ? </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about Lenin 's pamphlet . For other uses , see What Is To Be Done ? ( disambiguation ) . Original cover <P> What Is To Be Done ? Burning Questions of Our Movement ( Russian : Что делать ? , tr . Chto delat ' ? ) , is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin in 1901 and published in 1902 . Its title is inspired by the novel of the same name by the 19th century Russian revolutionary Nikolai Chernyshevsky . </P> <P> In What Is to Be Done ? , Lenin argues that the working class will not spontaneously become political simply by fighting economic battles with employers over wages , working hours and the like . To convert the working class to Marxism , Lenin insists that Marxists should form a political party , or `` vanguard '' , of dedicated revolutionaries to spread Marxist political ideas among the workers . The pamphlet precipitated in part the split of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party ( RSDLP ) between Lenin 's Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks . </P> <P> </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Main points </Li> <Li> 2 Lih 's interpretation </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Main points ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lenin first confronted the so - called `` Economist '' trend in Russian Social Democracy , who followed the line of Eduard Bernstein . He explained that Bernstein 's positions were opportunist , a point expressed by the French socialist Alexandre Millerand , as in taking a post in a bourgeois government . Against the Economists ' demand for `` freedom of criticism '' , Lenin advanced the position that the orthodox Marxists had the same right to criticize in return . He stressed that in the struggle against the bourgeoisie , revolutionary Social Democrats would need to pay particular attention to theoretical questions , recalling Friedrich Engels ' position that there were three forms of Social Democratic struggle : political , economic , and theoretical . </P> <P> Lenin puts the case that workers will not spontaneously become Marxists just by fighting battles over wages with their employers ; instead , Marxists need to form a political party to publicise Marxist ideas and persuade workers to become Marxists . He goes on to argue that to understand politics you must understand all of society , not just workers and their economic struggles with their employers . To become political and to become Marxists , workers need to learn about all of society , not just their own corner of it : </P> <P> Class political consciousness can be brought to the workers only from without ; that is , only from outside the economic struggle , from outside the sphere of relations between workers and employers . The sphere from which alone it is possible to obtain this knowledge is the sphere of relationships ( of all classes and strata ) to the state and the government , the sphere of the interrelations between all classes . </P> <P> Writing about the wave of strikes in late nineteenth century Russia , Lenin states that `` the history of all countries shows that the working class , exclusively by its own efforts , is able to develop only trade - union consciousness '' ; that is , combining into unions , etc . Socialist theory , however , in Russia , as elsewhere in Europe , was the product of the `` educated representatives of the propertied classes '' , the intellectuals or `` revolutionary socialist intellectuals '' . Lenin states that Marx and Engels themselves , the very founders of modern scientific socialism , belonged to this bourgeois intelligentsia . </P> <H2> Lih 's interpretation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lars T. Lih has suggested that Lenin 's pamphlet has been widely misinterpreted partly by mistranslations of key terms used by Lenin . </P> <P> Lih says that those historians and textbooks that misinterpret the pamphlet follow `` three mutually reinforcing strands '' : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The first is that the essence of Lenin 's outlook is his loss of confidence in the workers and his fear of their `` spontaneity '' ( `` stikhiinost '' ) . Lenin 's hard - eyed realism about the incapacity of the workers , combined with his own fanatical will to revolution , gave birth to the idea of a party based on `` professional revolutionaries '' from the intelligentsia . Second , Lenin 's outlook is a profound revision of orthodox Marxism . `` Lenin is quite ready to reinterpret Marx , while claiming , of course , that he is merely following the letter of the doctrine . '' Third , the book where this profound innovation is set forth `` What Is to Be Done ? '' is therefore the founding document of Bolshevism and the key text for understanding communism . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Lih argues that `` even if we examine the controversial passages in What is to be Done ? we misunderstand them if we are not alive to the meanings of the words used . Some of these have been translated in such a way as to confuse or even to draw readers to the opposite of what Lenin 's real views were '' . Therefore , Lih argues , the word спонтанность , when translated as `` spontaneity , '' distorts his views , and has different contextual connotations ; how конспирация does not mean `` conspiracy '' , but `` the rules and procedures needed for an underground organisation to survive '' ; тред - юнионизм does not mean `` trade unionism '' , but non-revolutionary `` only trade unionism '' , and революционер по профессии should not be translated as `` professional revolutionary '' . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Vladimir Lenin bibliography </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Paul Le Blanc , Revolution , Democracy , Socialism : Selected Writings of Lenin ( Pluto Press , London : 2008 ) , 9 , 128 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Malia , Martin ( 1994 ) . The Soviet Tragedy : A History of Socialism in Russia , 1917 -- 1991 . New York : The Free Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 02 - 919795 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ North , David . `` The Origins of Bolshevism and What Is To Be Done ? '' . World Socialist Web Site . International Committee of the Fourth International . Retrieved 3 June 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , What Is To Be Done ? ( 1901 ) , Lenin Internet Archive . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Paul Le Blanc , Revolution , Democracy , Socialism : Selected Writings of Lenin ( Pluto Press , London : 2008 ) , 31 , 137 - 138 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Lih , Lars ( 2005 ) . Lenin Rediscovered : What is to be Done ? in Context . Brill Academic Publishers . ISBN 978 - 90 - 04 - 13120 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lars T. Lih , `` How a Founding Document Was Found , or One Hundred Years of Lenin 's What is to Be Done ? . '' Kritika : Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History ( 2003 ) 4 # 1 pp : 5 - 49 , quote at pp 5 - 6 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joe Craig , `` Review -- ' Lenin Rediscovered : What is to be Done ? In Context ' by Lars T. Lih '' , Part 1 The Merger Formula , 10 November 2006 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikisource has original text related to this article : What is to Be Done ? </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Russian Wikisource has original text related to this article : Что делать ? </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> What Is To Be Done ? by Vladimir I. Lenin at the Marxists Internet Archive </Li> <Li> Paul Blackledge , What was Done , an extended review of Lars Lih 's Lenin Rediscovered from International Socialism </Li> <Li> review of Lih 's book from Socialist Democracy ( Ireland ) </Li> <Li> `` What They Did to What is to be Done ? '' , Hal Draper 's essay contextualizing WITBD </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Works by Vladimir Lenin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> The Development of Capitalism in Russia ( 1899 ) </Li> <Li> What Is To Be Done ? ( 1902 ) </Li> <Li> One Step Forward , Two Steps Back ( 1904 ) </Li> <Li> Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution ( 1905 ) </Li> <Li> Materialism and Empirio - criticism ( 1909 ) </Li> <Li> Philosophical Notebooks ( 1913 ) </Li> <Li> The Right of Nations to Self - Determination ( 1914 ) </Li> <Li> Imperialism , the Highest Stage of Capitalism ( 1916 ) </Li> <Li> The State and Revolution ( 1917 ) </Li> <Li> The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky ( 1918 ) </Li> <Li> `` Left - Wing '' Communism : An Infantile Disorder ( 1920 ) </Li> <Li> Testament ( 1922 -- 1923 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 220581586 </Li> <Li> LCCN : n84067953 </Li> <Li> GND : 4123632 - 4 </Li> <Li> SUDOC : 117231916 </Li> <Li> BNF : cb119713936 ( data ) </Li> <Li> BNE : XX2052572 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_Is_To_Be_Done%3F&oldid=789360271 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Communist books </Li> <Li> Works by Vladimir Lenin </Li> <Li> Pamphlets </Li> <Li> 1902 books </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing Russian - language text </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from September 2010 </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Wikisource </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Eesti </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Қазақша </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 July 2017 , at 22 : 21 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

"What Is to Be Done?" is

What is to be done burning questions of our movement?

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Ouija - wikipedia <H1> Ouija </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Part of a series of articles on the paranormal </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main articles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Afterlife </Li> <Li> Angel </Li> <Li> Astral projection </Li> <Li> Aura </Li> <Li> Bilocation </Li> <Li> Clairvoyance </Li> <Li> Close encounter </Li> <Li> Cold spot </Li> <Li> Conjuration </Li> <Li> Deity </Li> <Li> Demon </Li> <Li> Demonic possession </Li> <Li> Demonology </Li> <Li> Devil </Li> <Li> Ectoplasm </Li> <Li> Electronic voice phenomenon </Li> <Li> Exorcism </Li> <Li> Extrasensory perception </Li> <Li> Fairy </Li> <Li> Fear of ghosts </Li> <Li> Forteana </Li> <Li> Ghost </Li> <Li> Ghost hunting </Li> <Li> Ghost story </Li> <Li> God </Li> <Li> Haunted house </Li> <Li> Hypnosis </Li> <Li> Indigo children </Li> <Li> Magic </Li> <Li> Mediumship </Li> <Li> Miracle </Li> <Li> Occult </Li> <Li> Orb </Li> <Li> Ouija </Li> <Li> Paranormal </Li> <Li> Paranormal fiction </Li> <Li> Paranormal television </Li> <Li> Poltergeist </Li> <Li> Precognition </Li> <Li> Psychic </Li> <Li> Psychic reading </Li> <Li> Psychokinesis </Li> <Li> Psychometry </Li> <Li> Reincarnation </Li> <Li> Remote viewing </Li> <Li> Residual haunting </Li> <Li> Retrocognition </Li> <Li> Shadow people </Li> <Li> Soul </Li> <Li> Spirit photography </Li> <Li> Spirit possession </Li> <Li> Spirit world </Li> <Li> Spiritualism </Li> <Li> Stone Tape </Li> <Li> Supernatural </Li> <Li> Telepathy </Li> <Li> UFO </Li> <Li> UFO sightings </Li> <Li> Ufology </Li> <Li> Will - o ' - the - wisp </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Haunted locations </Dt> <Dd> United Kingdom </Dd> <Dd> United States </Dd> <Dd> World </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Articles on skepticism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cold reading </Li> <Li> Committee for Skeptical Inquiry </Li> <Li> Debunking </Li> <Li> Hoax </Li> <Li> James Randi Educational Foundation </Li> <Li> Magical thinking </Li> <Li> Prizes for evidence of the paranormal </Li> <Li> Pseudoskepticism </Li> <Li> Scientific skepticism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles on science , psychology , and logic </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agnosticism </Li> <Li> Anomalistics </Li> <Li> Argument from ignorance </Li> <Li> Argumentum ad populum </Li> <Li> Bandwagon effect </Li> <Li> Begging the question </Li> <Li> Cognitive dissonance </Li> <Li> Communal reinforcement </Li> <Li> Fallacy </Li> <Li> Falsifiability </Li> <Li> Fringe science </Li> <Li> Groupthink </Li> <Li> Junk science </Li> <Li> Protoscience </Li> <Li> Pseudoscience </Li> <Li> Scientific evidence </Li> <Li> Scientific method </Li> <Li> Superstition </Li> <Li> Uncertainty </Li> <Li> Urban legend </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles on Social change and Parapsychology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Countermovement </Li> <Li> Death and culture </Li> <Li> Parapsychology </Li> <Li> Scientific literacy </Li> <Li> Social movement </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> This article is about the spiritualist use of the ouija board . For other uses , see Ouija ( disambiguation ) . Not to be confused with Ouida . Original Ouija board created in 1894 <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( hide ) Spiritualism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Spirit </Li> <Li> Spiritualism </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Spiritualist beliefs </Li> <Li> Spiritism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Practices </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mediumship </Li> <Li> Faith healing </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Psychometry </Li> <Li> Automatic writing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Afterlife </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Spirit world </Li> <Li> Spirit guide </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Shamanism </Li> <Li> Animism </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Psychic </Li> <Li> Clairvoyant </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Paranormal </Li> <Li> Occult </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Parapsychology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The ouija ( / ˈwiːdʒə / WEE - jə or / ˈwiːdʒi / WEE - jee ) , also known as a spirit board or talking board , is a flat board marked with the letters of the alphabet , the numbers 0 -- 9 , the words `` yes '' , `` no '' , `` hello '' ( occasionally ) , and `` goodbye '' , along with various symbols and graphics . It uses a small heart - shaped piece of wood or plastic called a planchette . Participants place their fingers on the planchette , and it is moved about the board to spell out words . `` Ouija '' is a trademark of Hasbro , Inc. , but is often used generically to refer to any talking board . According to Hasbro , players take turns asking questions and then `` wait to see what the planchette spells out '' for them . </P> <P> Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1 , 1890 , the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists believed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits . </P> <P> Some Christian denominations have `` warned against using ouija boards '' , holding that they can lead to demonic possession . Occultists , on the other hand , are divided on the issue , with some saying that it can be a positive transformation ; others reiterate the warnings of many Christians and caution `` inexperienced users '' against it . </P> <P> Paranormal and supernatural beliefs associated with Ouija have been harshly criticized by the scientific community , since they are characterized as pseudoscience . The action of the board can be parsimoniously explained by unconscious movements of those controlling the pointer , a psychophysiological phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 China </Li> <Li> 1.2 Talking boards </Li> <Li> 1.3 Commercial parlor game </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Scientific investigation </Li> <Li> 3 Use in creation of literature </Li> <Li> 4 Religious responses </Li> <Li> 5 Notable users </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Books </Li> <Li> 6.2 Movies </Li> <Li> 6.3 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> China ( edit ) </H3> See also : Fuji ( planchette writing ) Wang Chongyang , founder of the Quanzhen School , depicted in Changchun Temple , Wuhan <P> One of the first mentions of the automatic writing method used in the ouija board is found in China around 1100 AD , in historical documents of the Song Dynasty . The method was known as fuji `` planchette writing '' . The use of planchette writing as an ostensible means of necromancy and communion with the spirit - world continued , and , albeit under special rituals and supervisions , was a central practice of the Quanzhen School , until it was forbidden by the Qing Dynasty . Several entire scriptures of the Daozang are supposedly works of automatic planchette writing . According to one author , similar methods of mediumistic spirit writing have been practiced in ancient India , Greece , Rome , and medieval Europe . </P> <H3> Talking boards ( edit ) </H3> <P> As a part of the spiritualist movement , mediums began to employ various means for communication with the dead . Following the American Civil War in the United States , mediums did significant business in presumably allowing survivors to contact lost relatives . The ouija itself would be created and named in Baltimore , Maryland , in 1890 , but the use of talking boards was so common by 1886 that news reported the phenomenon taking over the spiritualists ' camps in Ohio . </P> <H3> Commercial parlor Game ( edit ) </H3> A modern Ouija board plus planchette <P> Businessman Elijah Bond had the idea to patent a planchette sold with a board on which the alphabet was printed , much like the previously existing talking boards . The patentees filed on May 28 , 1890 for patent protection and thus are credited with the invention of the Ouija board . Issue date on the patent was February 10 , 1891 . They received U.S. Patent 446,054 . Bond was an attorney and was an inventor of other objects in addition to this device . </P> <P> An employee of Elijah Bond , William Fuld , took over the talking board production . In 1901 , Fuld started production of his own boards under the name `` Ouija '' . Charles Kennard ( founder of Kennard Novelty Company which manufactured Fuld 's talking boards and where Fuld had worked as a varnisher ) claimed he learned the name `` Ouija '' from using the board and that it was an ancient Egyptian word meaning `` good luck . '' When Fuld took over production of the boards , he popularized the more widely accepted etymology : that the name came from a combination of the French and German words for `` yes '' . </P> <P> The Fuld name became synonymous with the Ouija board , as Fuld reinvented its history , claiming that he himself had invented it . The strange talk about the boards from Fuld 's competitors flooded the market , and all these boards enjoyed a heyday from the 1920s through the 1960s . Fuld sued many companies over the `` Ouija '' name and concept up until his death in 1927 . In 1966 , Fuld 's estate sold the entire business to Parker Brothers . Hasbro purchased the product line in 1991 and continues to hold all trademarks and patents . About ten brands of talking boards are sold today under various names . </P> <H2> Scientific investigation ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ouija phenomenon is considered by the scientific community to be the result of the ideomotor response . Michael Faraday first described this effect in 1853 , while investigating table - turning . </P> <P> Various studies have been produced , recreating the effects of the ouija board in the lab and showing that , under laboratory conditions , the subjects were moving the planchette involuntarily . A 2012 study found that when answering yes or no questions , ouija use was significantly more accurate than guesswork , suggesting that it might draw on the unconscious mind . Skeptics have described ouija board users as ' operators ' . Some critics noted that the messages ostensibly spelled out by spirits were similar to whatever was going through the minds of the subjects . According to Professor of neurology Terence Hines in his book Pseudoscience and the Paranormal ( 2003 ) : </P> <P> The planchette is guided by unconscious muscular exertions like those responsible for table movement . Nonetheless , in both cases , the illusion that the object ( table or planchette ) is moving under its own control is often extremely powerful and sufficient to convince many people that spirits are truly at work ... The unconscious muscle movements responsible for the moving tables and Ouija board phenomena seen at seances are examples of a class of phenomena due to what psychologists call a dissociative state . A dissociative state is one in which consciousness is somehow divided or cut off from some aspects of the individual 's normal cognitive , motor , or sensory functions . </P> <P> In the 1970s ouija board users were also described as `` cult members '' by sociologists , though this was severely scrutinised in the field . </P> <P> Ouija boards have been criticized in the press since their inception , having been variously described as `` ' vestigial remains ' of primitive belief - systems '' and a con to part fools from their money . Some journalists have described reports of ouija board findings as ' half truths ' and have suggested that their inclusion in

The Ouija board was first introduced on

When did the ouija board first come out?

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The Glass Castle ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> The Glass Castle ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Glass Castle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Destin Daniel Cretton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gil Netter </Li> <Li> Ken Kao </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Destin Daniel Cretton </Li> <Li> Andrew Lanham </Li> <Li> Marti Noxon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brie Larson </Li> <Li> Woody Harrelson </Li> <Li> Max Greenfield </Li> <Li> Sarah Snook </Li> <Li> Naomi Watts </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Joel P. West </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Brett Pawlak </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Nat Sanders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Gil Netter Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Lionsgate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> August 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 09 ) ( Manhattan ) </Li> <Li> August 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 11 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 127 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $21.7 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton , Andrew Lanham , and Marti Noxon , based on Jeannette Walls 's 2005 memoir of the same name . Depicting Walls 's real - life childhood spent squatting in homes and living in poverty , the film stars Brie Larson as Walls with Naomi Watts , Woody Harrelson , Max Greenfield , and Sarah Snook in supporting roles . The film was released on August 11 , 2017 , by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics , who praised the performances of its cast ( particularly Larson and Harrelson ) but criticized the mishandled tones and material . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cast </Li> <Li> 2 Production </Li> <Li> 3 Release <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 3.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Brie Larson as Jeannette Walls , the second daughter of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Lori , Maureen and Brian 's second sister <Ul> <Li> Ella Anderson as Young Jeannette Walls </Li> <Li> Chandler Head as Youngest Jeannette Walls </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Woody Harrelson as Rex Walls , Jeannette , Lori , Brian and Maureen 's alcoholic father and Rose Mary 's husband </Li> <Li> Sarah Snook as Lori Walls , the oldest daughter of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Jeanette , Maureen and Brian 's older sister <Ul> <Li> Olivia Kate Rice as Youngest Lori Walls </Li> <Li> Sadie Sink as Young Lori Walls </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Naomi Watts as Rose Mary Walls , Jeannette , Lori , Brian and Maureen 's eccentric mother and Rex 's wife </Li> <Li> Josh Caras as Brian Walls , the son of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Jeanette , Lori and Maureen 's brother <Ul> <Li> Iain Armitage as Youngest Brian Walls </Li> <Li> Charlie Shotwell as Young Brian Walls </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Brigette Lundy - Paine as Maureen Walls , the youngest daughter of Rex and Rose Mary Walls and Jeanette , Lori and Brian 's younger sister <Ul> <Li> Charlie and Noemie Guyon as Baby Maureen Walls </Li> <Li> Eden Grace Redfield as three - year - old Maureen Walls </Li> <Li> Shree Crooks as Young Maureen Walls </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Max Greenfield as David , Jeanette 's fiancé . </Li> <Li> Dominic Bogart as Robbie </Li> <Li> Joe Pingue as Uncle Stanley </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> In April 2012 , it was revealed that Lionsgate acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film . In October 2013 , it was revealed that Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon . In October 2015 , Brie Larson joined the cast of the film , replacing Lawrence who exited the film after a male lead could n't be found . In November 2015 , Woody Harrelson joined the cast of the film . In March 2016 , Naomi Watts joined the cast . In April 2016 , Max Greenfield and Sarah Snook joined the cast . In May 2016 , Ella Anderson joined the cast . </P> <P> Principal photography began on May 20 , 2016 , in Welch , West Virginia . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Glass Castle was released on August 11 , 2017 , by Lionsgate . </P> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Glass Castle grossed $17.3 million in the United States and Canada and $3.9 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $21.2 million . </P> <P> In North America , The Glass Castle was released alongside The Nut Job 2 : Nutty by Nature and Annabelle : Creation , and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend . The film made $1.7 million on its first day and $4.7 million over the weekend , finishing 9th at the box office . The film made $2.6 million in its second weekend ( a drop of 45.5 % ) , finishing 12th . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 50 % based on 104 reviews , and an average rating of 6.1 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` The Glass Castle has an affecting real - life story and a hard - working cast in its corner , but they are n't enough to outweigh a fundamentally misguided approach to the material . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating to reviews , the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100 , based on 39 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A − '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> Writing for Rolling Stone , Peter Travers said the film `` peddles easy uplift instead of cold , hard truths '' and gave it two stars out of four , saying , `` Hollywood has a knack for sanitizing books that deserve better . In the case of The Glass Castle , it 's a damn shame . '' Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun - Times also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally as critical for how the material was presented , writing : `` ... a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey , and then asks us to give them a break ? No sale . '' </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Glass Castle '' . AMC Theatres . Retrieved July 26 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The Glass Castle ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved December 4 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jeff Giles ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` Annabelle : Creation is a Potent Prequel '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 11 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Finke , Nikki ( April 23 , 2012 ) . `` Jennifer Lawrence In Talks To Star After Lionsgate Buys Rights To Jeannette Walls Memoir '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( October 9 , 2013 ) . `` ' Short Term 12 ' Director Circles ' Glass Castle ' Starring Jennifer Lawrence ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( October 9 , 2015 ) . `` Brie Larson Eyed for Lead in Lionsgate 's ' Glass Castle ' '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Busch , Anita ( November 5 , 2015 ) . `` Woody Harrelson In Talks For ' The Glass Castle ' Opposite Brie Larson '' . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( March 29 , 2016 ) . `` Naomi Watts Joins Brie Larson in ' Glass Castle ' '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( April 20 , 2016 ) . `` Max Greenfield in Talks to Star With Brie Larson in ' Glass Castle ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ A. Lincoln , Ross ( April 28 , 2016 ) . `` Sarah Snook In Talks For Lionsgate 's ' The Glass Castle ' Opposite Brie Larson '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Larson , Brie ( May 5 , 2016 ) . `` So happy that this deeply intelligent , ridiculously talented and totally inspiring creature @ ellaanderson4u is joining us as young Jeannette in The Glass Castle . We had the best time at color me mine . # tbt '' . Instagram . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Be in a movie : ' The Glass Castle ' filming today in Welch '' . Bluefield Daily Telograph . May 20 , 2016 . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Perry , Samantha ( May 20 , 2016 ) . `` ' The Glass Castle ' : Academy Award winning actress films scene in McDowell County '' . Bluefield Daily Telograph . Retrieved May 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 4 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Glass Castle ' : Brie Larson , Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts Drama Gets Summer Bow '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Annabelle : Creation ' Will Be This Summer 's Last Scream At The B.O. With Estimated $30 M+ Opening -- Preview '' . Deadline.com . August 9 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : D'Allesandro , Anthony . `` New Line 's Dollhouse Of Dough : ' Annabelle : Creation ' Opening To $36 M + '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D'Allesandro , Anthony . `` ' Hitman 's Bodyguard ' Flexes Muscle With $21 M+ Opening During Sleepy Summer Weekend '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Glass Castle ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Glass Castle reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Travers , Peter ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Glass Castle ' Review : Legendary Memoir Gets the Mediocre - Movie Treatment '' . Rolling Stone . Retrieved August 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roeper , Richard ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` Attempt to redeem reprehensible dad cracks ' The

The movie "The Glass Castle" was filmed in

Where was the movie the glass castle filmed?

-2945927163209585149

2022 Commonwealth Games - wikipedia <H1> 2022 Commonwealth Games </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> XXII Commonwealth Games <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Logo of Birmingham 's 2022 Commonwealth Games bid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Host city </Th> <Td> Birmingham , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Motto </Th> <Td> Heart of the UK , Soul of the Commonwealth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nations participating </Th> <Td> 73 Commonwealth nations ( expected ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Athletes participating </Th> <Td> ~ 5000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Events </Th> <Td> TBA in 18 sports </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening ceremony </Th> <Td> 27 July </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Closing ceremony </Th> <Td> 7 August </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Queen 's Baton Final Runner </Th> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main venue </Th> <Td> Alexander Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> < XXI </Th> <Th> XXIII > </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2022 Commonwealth Games ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Bids </Li> <Li> Venues ( Athlete 's Village ) </Li> <Li> Queen 's Baton Relay </Li> <Li> Opening ceremony ( Parade of Nations ) </Li> <Li> Participating nations </Li> <Li> Medal table </Li> <Li> Event calendar </Li> <Li> Closing ceremony </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> CGF </Li> <Li> CGE </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2022 Commonwealth Games , officially known as the XXII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Birmingham 2022 , is an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that is scheduled to be held in Birmingham , England . This is due to be the third time England has hosted the Games . </P> <P> The Games are expected to take place between 27 July and 7 August 2022 . The city was announced as the host at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham on 21 December 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Host selection <Ul> <Li> 1.1 First selection <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Withdrawal of Durban as host </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Second selection <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Birmingham awarded as replacement host </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Venues <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Venues in Birmingham and the West Midlands area </Li> <Li> 2.2 Venues outside West Midlands </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Sports </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Host selection ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Bids for the 2022 Commonwealth Games <H3> First selection ( edit ) </H3> <P> Two cities initially launched bids for the games ; Durban , South Africa and Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . Edmonton withdrew its bid in February 2015 , leaving Durban as the only bid to go forward to CGF General Assembly in September 2015 . The coastal South African city of Durban initially secured the right to host the games , as they were the sole bidder for the event . The city previously considered bidding for the 2020 or 2024 Summer Olympics . </P> Withdrawal of Durban as host ( edit ) <P> It was reported in February 2017 that Durban may be unable to host the games due to financial constraints . This was confirmed one month later on 13 March 2017 when the Commonwealth Games Federation ( CGF ) stripped Durban of their rights to host the games . </P> <P> It would have marked the first time the games were held in Africa and the second time a Commonwealth republic would have hosted , following Delhi , India in 2010 . The games were set to open on the 18 July 2022 , coinciding with the birthday of the late South African President , Nelson Mandela . </P> <H3> Second selection ( edit ) </H3> <P> A new bidding process was launched , where Liverpool and Birmingham expressed their interests in hosting the games . On 14 March 2017 , Manchester , who previously hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games , expressed their interest in hosting the games . In September 2017 , Birmingham beat Liverpool for the recommended bid for England . With Birmingham being the sole bidder for the event they won the right to stage the Games . </P> <P> However , it was announced that the bid was not fully compliant , and the bidding process was extended until 30 November 2017 . The CGF had 170 questions regarding Birmingham 's bid . </P> Birmingham awarded as replacement host ( edit ) <P> On 21 December 2017 , Birmingham was awarded for the 2022 Games as Durban 's replacement host . Louise Martin , president of the Commonwealth Games Federation , made the official announcement at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="7"> 2022 Commonwealth Games bidding results </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Nation </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birmingham </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Unanimous </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Venues ( edit ) </H2> <P> Birmingham has a wealth of existing sports venues , arenas and conference halls that are ideal for hosting sport during the Games . 95 % of the competition venues are already in place for the 2022 games . Alexander Stadium which will host the ceremonies and athletics will be renovated and the capacity will be increased to 50,000 seats . A 400 metre warm up track will also be developed . </P> <P> This would leave the stadium well placed to become the home of UK Athletics , hosting all the major national and international competitions after the Games . </P> Genting Arena Symphony Hall Villa Park Stadium <H3> Venues in Birmingham and the West Midlands area ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Sport </Th> <Th> Capacity </Th> <Th> Status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alexander Stadium </Td> <Td> Ceremonies <P> Athletics </P> </Td> <Td> 50,000 </Td> <Td> Upgrade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> National Exhibition Centre </Td> <Td> Boxing <P> Judo </P> <P> Table Tennis </P> <P> Freestyle Wrestling </P> </Td> <Td> 5,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genting Arena </Td> <Td> Badminton </Td> <Td> 15,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arena Birmingham </Td> <Td> Artistic and Rhythmic Gymnastics </Td> <Td> 15,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Symphony Hall </Td> <Td> Weightlifting </Td> <Td> 2,200 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> University of Birmingham </Td> <Td> Squash <P> Hockey </P> </Td> <Td> 5,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sandwell Aquatics Centre </Td> <Td> Swimming <P> Diving </P> </Td> <Td> 5,000 </Td> <Td> New </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Villa Park Stadium </Td> <Td> Rugby 7s </Td> <Td> 42,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victoria Square </Td> <Td> Basketball 3x3 </Td> <Td> 3,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ericsson Indoor Arena , Coventry </Td> <Td> Netball </Td> <Td> 7,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victoria Park , Leamington Spa </Td> <Td> Bowls </Td> <Td> 2,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Venues outside West Midlands ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Sport </Th> <Th> Capacity </Th> <Th> Status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lee Valley VeloPark , London </Td> <Td> Cycling ( track ) </Td> <Td> 6,000 </Td> <Td> Existing </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Sports ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 22 December 2017 , the BBC Reported that the organisers of the games are currently in talks with the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) about the inclusion of women 's cricket . It was also reported that shooting is likely to be excluded from the games citing a lack of facilities around Birmingham , if this is true it will be the first time since 1970 where shooting has not been included in the games . The dropping of shooting from the games programme was confirmed by the Commonwealth Games Federation CEO , David Grevemberg in January 2018 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Commonwealth Games : Birmingham announced as host of 2022 event '' . BBC Sport. 2017 - 12 - 21 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 22 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Sport , Telegraph ( 2017 - 12 - 21 ) . `` Birmingham named 2022 Commonwealth Games host city '' . The Telegraph . ISSN 0307 - 1235 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Edmonton withdraws bid for 2022 Commonwealth Games euronews , world news '' . Euronews.com . Retrieved 2015 - 08 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Commonwealth Games 2022 : Durban ' may drop out as host ' '' . BBC News . 2017 - 02 - 28 . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Durban stripped of 2022 Commonwealth Games '' . The Sydney Morning Herald . 2017 - 03 - 14 . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Durban is # ReadyToInspire , are you ? '' . Durban - 2022 . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rumsby , Ben ( 13 March 2017 ) . `` Liverpool and Birmingham battle to host Commonwealth Games 2022 '' . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 14 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Williams , Jennifer ( 14 March 2017 ) . `` Manchester in discussions to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games '' . Manchester Evening News . Retrieved 14 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Birmingham beats Liverpool for hosting the 2022 commonwealth games '' . www.independent.co.uk . The Independent . Retrieved 7 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Birmingham beats Liverpool to become UK candidate for potential 2022 Commonwealth bid '' . 7 September 2017 -- via www.bbc.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Commonwealth Games England to reveal 2022 candidate city in September '' . Inside the Game . 20 July 2017 . Retrieved 21 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Commonwealth Games 2022 : Birmingham bid ' not fully compliant ' '' . 6 October 2017 -- via www.bbc.co.uk . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Commonwealth Games Federation had ' 170 queries ' over Birmingham 's 2022 bid '' . 31 October 2017 -- via www.bbc.co.uk . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Birmingham 2022 Heart of the UK , Soul of the Commonwealth '' . www.birmingham2022.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Elkes , Neil ( 2017 - 06 - 30 ) . `` See how Alexander Stadium could be transformed for Commonwealth Games '' . birminghammail . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cosgrove , David . `` How Birmingham 's Victoria Square would look hosting basketball in 2022 Commonwealth Games '' . www.expressandstar.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Elkes , Neil ( 2017 - 08 - 17 ) . `` Lawn bowls venue unveiled for city 's 2022 Commonwealth Games bid '' . birminghammail . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Birmingham 2022 : Four unanswered questions for the Commonwealth Games '' . BBC Sport. 2017 - 12 - 22 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Optional Sports at 2022 Commonwealth Games '' . Around the Rings. 2018 - 01 - 18 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Birmingham 2022 : Shooting dropped from Commonwealth Games '' . BBC . 2018 - 01 - 19 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` No shooting at 2022 Commonwealth Games , top official suggests T20 mixed cricket '' . Indian Express . 2018 - 01 - 19 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 20 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li>

The next Commonwealth Games are going to be held

When are the next commonwealth games going to be held?

2197542686080749603

One Bad Apple - wikipedia <H1> One Bad Apple </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song . For the episode , see One Bad Apple ( My Little Pony : Friendship Is Magic episode ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` One Bad Apple '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Osmonds </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Osmonds </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` He Ai n't Heavy , He 's My Brother '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 14 , 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' vinyl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> October 26 , 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop , R&B , bubblegum pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> MGM </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> George Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Osmonds singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I 've Got Loving on My Mind '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` One Bad Apple '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` Double Lovin ' '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I 've Got Loving on My Mind '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` One Bad Apple '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` Double Lovin ' '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` One Bad Apple '' was a number - one hit single released by The Osmonds on November 14 , 1970 . It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 2 , 1971 . It hit the top of the chart on February 13 , 1971 and stayed there for five weeks . It also reached number six on the R&B chart . Billboard ranked it as the No. 4 song for 1971 . Both `` One Bad Apple '' and the Donny Osmond - credited single `` Sweet and Innocent '' are on the 1970 album Osmonds . It was certified Gold by the RIAA on February 4 , 1971 . </P> <P> The song was written by George Jackson , who originally had the Jackson 5 in mind when he wrote it . According to Donny Osmond , Michael Jackson later told him that the Jackson 5 almost recorded this song first , but chose to record `` ABC '' instead . </P> <P> `` One Bad Apple '' was also used as the theme to The Osmonds cartoon show on ABC - TV . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Other versions </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1984 : Nolan Thomas covered it on his only album , Yo Little Brother </Li> <Li> 1974 : The Credibility Gap recorded `` You Ca n't Judge a Book by Its Hair '' and a German version ( with totally unrelated lyrics ) , `` Foreign Novelty Smash , '' both of which borrow melodic themes from `` One Bad Apple '' and the Jackson 5 's `` The Love You Save . '' Both recordings appear on the album A Great Gift Idea ! </Li> <Li> 1997 : Aaron Carter on his self - titled debut album Aaron Carter . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1970 - 71 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia KMR </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Listener ) </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard R&B / Soul </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1988 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1971 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. R&B / Soul ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Cash Box </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 445 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1971 / Top 100 Songs of 1971 '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` One Bad Apple by The Osmonds Songfacts '' . Songfacts.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Acm64edbk7I Reference starts at 0 : 36 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Australian Chart Book '' . Austchartbook.com.au . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand , 12 April 1971 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 - 1990 - ISBN 0 - 89820 - 089 - X </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 445 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CASH BOX Top 100 Singles -- Week ending MONTH DD , 19YY '' . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 16. . Cash Box magazine . Retrieved 16 June 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Songs from the Year 1971 '' . Tsort.info . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Collectionscanada.gc.ca . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1971 / Top 100 Songs of 1971 '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard . Books.google.com. 1971 - 12 - 25 . p. 15 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1971 '' . Tropicalglen.com. 1971 - 12 - 25 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 03 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Knock Three Times '' by Tony Orlando and Dawn </Td> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 number one single February 13 , 1971 ( five weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Me and Bobby McGee '' by Janis Joplin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` If You Could Read My Mind '' by Gordon Lightfoot </Td> <Td> Canadian RPM 100 number - one single February 27 , 1971 ( two weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Have You Ever Seen the Rain ? '' by Creedence Clearwater Revival </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Osmonds </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Merrill Osmond </Li> <Li> Jay Osmond </Li> <Li> Donny Osmond </Li> <Li> Marie Osmond </Li> <Li> Jimmy Osmond </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Alan Osmond </Li> <Li> Wayne Osmond </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Wonderful World of The Osmond Brothers </Li> <Li> Hello ! The Osmond Brothers </Li> <Li> Osmonds </Li> <Li> Homemade </Li> <Li> Phase III </Li> <Li> Crazy Horses </Li> <Li> The Plan </Li> <Li> Love Me for a Reason </Li> <Li> The Proud One </Li> <Li> Osmond Family Christmas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Osmonds Live </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Osmondmania ! </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Mister Sandman '' </Li> <Li> `` Ovan Regnbagen '' </Li> <Li> `` Taking a Chance on Love '' </Li> <Li> `` One Bad Apple '' </Li> <Li> `` Yo - Yo '' </Li> <Li> `` Down by the Lazy River '' </Li> <Li> `` Hold Her Tight '' </Li> <Li> `` We Can Make it Together '' </Li> <Li> `` Crazy Horses '' </Li> <Li> `` Goin ' Home '' </Li> <Li> `` Let Me In '' </Li> <Li> `` Love Me for a Reason '' </Li> <Li> `` I Ca n't Stop '' </Li> <Li> `` The Proud One '' </Li> <Li> `` I Ca n't Live a Dream '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm Still Gonna Need You '' </Li> <Li> `` I Think About Your Lovin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Never Ending Song of Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Anytime '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Osmonds </Li> <Li> Donny & Marie ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Donny & Marie ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> George Osmond </Li> <Li> Olive Osmond </Li> <Li> Tom Osmond </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_Bad_Apple&oldid=836788864 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1970 songs </Li> <Li> 1970 singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by George Jackson ( songwriter ) </Li> <Li> The Osmonds songs </Li> <Li> Aaron Carter songs </Li> <Li> Billboard Hot 100 number - one singles </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from April 2018 </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 21 : 09 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "One Bad Apple" was performed by

Who sang one bad apple spoils the bunch?

-5841995020099553222

Cintrón - wikipedia <H1> Cintrón </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Cintrón or Cintron is a surname of Portuguese and Spanish - French origins . The name migrated as a consequence of the conquest and settlement of the New World , particularly in Puerto Rico . Famous people with the surname Cintron : </P> <Ul> <Li> Alex Cintrón ( born 1978 ) , Major League Baseball infielder </Li> <Li> Carlos Juan Cintrón , mayor of Ponce , Puerto Rico from 1957 to 1961 </Li> <Li> Conchita Cintrón ( 1922 -- 2009 ) , Chilean torera ( female bullfighter ) </Li> <Li> José Vicente Ferrer de Otero y Cintrón ( born 1912 ) , Puerto Rican actor , theater and film director </Li> <Li> Juan H. Cintrón García , Puerto Rican politician , Mayor of Ponce 1968 -- 1972 </Li> <Li> Kermit Cintrón ( born 1979 ) , Puerto Rican boxer who is from Carolina , Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> Manolo Cintron ( born 1963 ) , former Puerto Rican professional basketball player </Li> <Li> Manuel Egozcue Cintrón ( born 1855 ) , born in Bilbao , Spain </Li> <Li> Marty Cintron , American singer , member of the American pop band No Mercy </Li> <Li> Nemir Matos - Cintrón , Puerto Rican author who currently resides in Florida </Li> <Li> Nitza Margarita Cintron ( born 1950 ) , Chief of Space Medicine & Health Care Systems Office at NASA 's Johnson Space Center </Li> <Li> Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón ( 1855 -- 1913 ) , lawyer and political leader </Li> <Li> Sharon Cintron ( born 1945 ) , American model and actress </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Surname list This page lists people with the surname Cintrón . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page , you may wish to change that link by adding the person 's given name ( s ) to the link . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Cintrón&oldid = 793577273 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Surnames </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Disambiguation pages with short description </Li> <Li> All set index articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 2 August 2017 , at 16 : 49 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The last name Cintron originates from

Where does the last name cintron come from?

3623329036707397391

Merderet - wikipedia <H1> Merderet </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Merderet </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Physical characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main source </Th> <Td> Normandy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> River mouth </Th> <Td> Douve 49 ° 21 ′ 48 '' N 1 ° 21 ′ 16 '' W  /  49.36333 ° N 1.35444 ° W  / 49.36333 ; - 1.35444  ( Douve - Merderet ) Coordinates : 49 ° 21 ′ 48 '' N 1 ° 21 ′ 16 '' W  /  49.36333 ° N 1.35444 ° W  / 49.36333 ; - 1.35444  ( Douve - Merderet ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 36 km ( 22 mi ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> US Army map of the Cotentin peninsula in 1944 , showing the Merderet <P> The Merderet is a 36 km long river in Normandy , France which is tributary to the Douve River . It runs roughly north - south down the middle of the Cotentin peninsula from Valognes to the junction with the Douve at Beuzeville la Bastille . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Hydrology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The river has relatively high turbidity and its brownish water is somewhat low in velocity due to the slight gradient of the watercourse ; pH levels have been measured at 8.31 near the Chateau d'Isle Marie and electrical conductivity of the waters have tested at 61 micro-siemens per centimetre . At this reference location , summer flows are typically in the range of 250 cubic feet per second ( 7.1 m / s ) . </P> <H2> Airborne landings on D - Day ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Mission Boston <P> Running parallel to the shoreline about 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) from Utah Beach , the marshes of the Merderet and Douve formed a natural defensive line protecting the western end of the Allied landing zone and at the same time limiting the Allies ' potential to break out of the beachhead . Thus control of the bridges at Manoir de la Fière and Chef - du - Pont was seen as vital . The Merderet was assigned to the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division as Mission Boston , scheduled for 5 hours before the amphibious landings on D - Day . Cloud cover and German fire caused the landings to be dispersed ; the paratroopers took the strategic town of Sainte - Mère - Église but failed in their original mission to clear the west bank of the Merderet on D - Day and blow the bridge over the Douze at Pont l'Abbé ( now Étienville ) . The extent of their control of the bridges over the Merderet is disputed , but it was sufficient to hold off German counterattacks . These included an attack over the causeway at La Fiere by the 1057th Grenadier Regiment and light tanks of the 100th Panzer Replacement Battalion . This appears to have been the inspiration for the climactic battle in the film Saving Private Ryan , which is set around a bridge over the Merderet in the fictional town of Ramelle . </P> <P> After the Battle of Carentan on 9 June , Allied forces moved up the Cotentin Peninsula on either side of the Merderet . This advance culminated in the Battle of Cherbourg which saw the port captured by the end of the month . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Atlas des Routes de France , Solar Press : Donnees IGN ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hogan , C. Michael , Water quality of freshwater bodies in France , Lumina Tech Press , Aberdeen ( 2006 ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Merderet River Bridge at La Fière </Li> <Li> Geoportail.fr </Li> <Li> The Merderet at the Sandre database </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merderet&oldid=828366264 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Rivers of Normandy </Li> <Li> Rivers of France </Li> <Li> Rivers of Manche </Li> <Li> Coastal basins of the English Channel in France </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from February 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cebuano </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 2 March 2018 , at 03 : 07 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The bridge in Saving Private Ryan was located

Where was the bridge in saving private ryan?

7021313805354142751

Transtheoretical model - wikipedia <H1> Transtheoretical model </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The transtheoretical model of behavior change is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual 's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior , and provides strategies , or processes of change to guide the individual . The model is composed of constructs such as : stages of change , processes of change , levels of change , self - efficacy , and decisional balance . </P> <P> The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation `` TTM '' and sometimes by the term `` stages of change '' , although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change , levels of change , etc . Several self - help books -- Changing for Good ( 1994 ) , Changeology ( 2012 ) , and Changing to Thrive ( 2016 ) -- and articles in the news media have discussed the model . It has been called `` arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change , having received unprecedented research attention , yet it has simultaneously attracted criticism '' . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History and core constructs <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Stages of change <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Details of each stage </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Processes of change </Li> <Li> 1.3 Decisional balance </Li> <Li> 1.4 Self - efficacy </Li> <Li> 1.5 Levels of change </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Outcomes of programs <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Stress management </Li> <Li> 2.2 Adherence to antihypertensive medication </Li> <Li> 2.3 Adherence to lipid - lowering drugs </Li> <Li> 2.4 Depression prevention </Li> <Li> 2.5 Weight management </Li> <Li> 2.6 Smoking cessation <Ul> <Li> 2.6. 1 Example for TTM application on smoke control </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.7 Travel research </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Criticisms </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History and core constructs ( edit ) </H2> <P> James O. Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island , and Carlo Di Clemente and colleagues developed the transtheoretical model beginning in 1977 . It is based on analysis and use of different theories of psychotherapy , hence the name `` transtheoretical '' . </P> <P> Prochaska and colleagues refined the model on the basis of research that they published in peer - reviewed journals and books . </P> <H3> Stages of change ( edit ) </H3> <P> This construct refers to the temporal dimension of behavioural change . In the transtheoretical model , change is a `` process involving progress through a series of stages '' : </P> <Ul> <Li> Precontemplation ( `` not ready '' ) -- `` People are not intending to take action in the foreseeable future , and can be unaware that their behaviour is problematic '' </Li> <Li> Contemplation ( `` getting ready '' ) -- `` People are beginning to recognize that their behaviour is problematic , and start to look at the pros and cons of their continued actions '' </Li> <Li> Preparation ( `` ready '' ) -- `` People are intending to take action in the immediate future , and may begin taking small steps toward behaviour change '' </Li> <Li> Action -- `` People have made specific overt modifications in modifying their problem behaviour or in acquiring new healthy behaviours '' </Li> <Li> Maintenance -- `` People have been able to sustain action for at least six months and are working to prevent relapse '' </Li> <Li> Termination -- `` Individuals have zero temptation and they are sure they will not return to their old unhealthy habit as a way of coping '' </Li> </Ul> <P> In addition , the researchers conceptualized `` Relapse '' ( recycling ) which is not a stage in itself but rather the `` return from Action or Maintenance to an earlier stage '' . </P> <P> The quantitative definition of the stages of change ( see below ) is perhaps the most notorious feature of the model . However it is also one of the most critiqued , even in the field of smoking cessation , where it was originally formulated . It has been said that such quantitative definition ( i.e. a person is in preparation if it intends to change within a month ) does not reflect the nature of behaviour change , that it does not have better predictive power than simpler questions ( i.e. `` do you have plans to change ... '' ) , and that it has problems regarding its classification reliability . </P> <P> Communication theorist and sociologist Everett Rogers suggested that the stages of change are analogues of the stages of the innovation adoption process in Rogers ' theory of diffusion of innovations . </P> Details of each stage ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Stage </Th> <Td> Precontemplation </Td> <Td> Contemplation </Td> <Td> Preparation </Td> <Td> Action </Td> <Td> Maintenance </Td> <Td> Relapse </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Standard time </Th> <Td> more than 6 months </Td> <Td> in the next 6 months </Td> <Td> in the next month </Td> <Td> now </Td> <Td> at least 6 months </Td> <Td> any time </Td> </Tr> </Table> Stages of change <P> Stage 1 : Precontemplation ( not ready ) </P> <P> People at this stage do not intend to start the healthy behavior in the near future ( within 6 months ) , and may be unaware of the need to change . People here learn more about healthy behavior : they are encouraged to think about the pros of changing their behavior and to feel emotions about the effects of their negative behavior on others . </P> <P> Precontemplators typically underestimate the pros of changing , overestimate the cons , and often are not aware of making such mistakes . </P> <P> One of the most effective steps that others can help with at this stage is to encourage them to become more mindful of their decision making and more conscious of the multiple benefits of changing an unhealthy behavior . </P> <P> Stage 2 : Contemplation ( getting ready ) </P> <P> At this stage , participants are intending to start the healthy behavior within the next 6 months . While they are usually now more aware of the pros of changing , their cons are about equal to their Pros . This ambivalence about changing can cause them to keep putting off taking action . </P> <P> People here learn about the kind of person they could be if they changed their behavior and learn more from people who behave in healthy ways . </P> <P> Others can influence and help effectively at this stage by encouraging them to work at reducing the cons of changing their behavior . </P> <P> Stage 3 : Preparation ( ready ) </P> <P> People at this stage are ready to start taking action within the next 30 days . They take small steps that they believe can help them make the healthy behavior a part of their lives . For example , they tell their friends and family that they want to change their behavior . </P> <P> People in this stage should be encouraged to seek support from friends they trust , tell people about their plan to change the way they act , and think about how they would feel if they behaved in a healthier way . Their number one concern is : when they act , will they fail ? They learn that the better prepared they are , the more likely they are to keep progressing . </P> <P> Stage 4 : Action ( current action ) </P> <P> People at this stage have changed their behavior within the last 6 months and need to work hard to keep moving ahead . These participants need to learn how to strengthen their commitments to change and to fight urges to slip back . </P> <P> People in this stage progress by being taught techniques for keeping up their commitments such as substituting activities related to the unhealthy behavior with positive ones , rewarding themselves for taking steps toward changing , and avoiding people and situations that tempt them to behave in unhealthy ways . </P> <P> Stage 5 : Maintenance ( monitoring ) </P> <P> People at this stage changed their behavior more than 6 months ago . It is important for people in this stage to be aware of situations that may tempt them to slip back into doing the unhealthy behavior -- particularly stressful situations . </P> <P> It is recommended that people in this stage seek support from and talk with people whom they trust , spend time with people who behave in healthy ways , and remember to engage in healthy activities to cope with stress instead of relying on unhealthy behavior . </P> <P> Relapse ( recycling ) </P> <P> Relapse in the TTM specifically applies to individuals who successfully quit smoking or using drugs or alcohol , only to resume these unhealthy behaviors . Individuals who attempt to quit highly addictive behaviors such as drug , alcohol , and tobacco use are at particularly high risk of a relapse . Achieving a long - term behavior change often requires ongoing support from family members , a health coach , a physician , or another motivational source . Supportive literature and other resources can also be helpful to avoid a relapse from happening . </P> <H3> Processes of change ( edit ) </H3> Processes of change <P> The 10 processes of change are `` covert and overt activities that people use to progress through the stages '' . </P> <P> To progress through the early stages , people apply cognitive , affective , and evaluative processes . As people move toward Action and Maintenance , they rely more on commitments , conditioning , contingencies , environmental controls , and support . </P> <P> Prochaska and colleagues state that their research related to the transtheoretical model shows that interventions to change behavior are more effective if they are `` stage - matched '' , that is , `` matched to each individual 's stage of change '' . </P> <P> In general , for people to progress they need : </P> <Ul> <Li> A growing awareness that the advantages ( the `` pros '' ) of changing outweigh the disadvantages ( the `` cons '' ) -- the TTM calls this decisional balance . </Li> <Li> Confidence that they can make and maintain changes in situations that tempt them to return to their old , unhealthy behavior -- the TTM calls this self - efficacy . </Li> <Li> Strategies that can help them make and maintain change -- the TTM calls these processes of change . </Li> </Ul> <P> The ten processes of change include : </P> <Ol> <Li> Consciousness - raising ( Get the facts ) -- increasing awareness via information , education , and personal feedback about the healthy behavior . </Li> <Li> Dramatic relief ( Pay attention to feelings ) -- feeling fear , anxiety , or worry because of the unhealthy behavior , or feeling inspiration and hope when they hear about how people are able to change to healthy behaviors . </Li> <Li> Self - reevaluation ( Create a new self - image ) -- realizing that the healthy behavior is an important part of who they are and want to be . </Li> <Li> Environmental reevaluation ( Notice your effect on others ) -- realizing how their unhealthy behavior affects others and how they could have more positive effects by changing . </Li> <Li> Social liberation ( Notice public support ) -- realizing that society is more supportive of the healthy behavior . </Li> <Li> Self - liberation ( Make a commitment ) -- believing in one 's ability to change and making commitments and re-commitments to act on that belief . </Li> <Li> Helping relationships ( Get support ) -- finding people who are supportive of their change . </Li>

The transtheoretical model of behavior change was invented by

Who invented the transtheoretical model of behavior change?

7013863939803495694

Producer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Timmy Allen </Li> <Li> BabyBoy </Li> <Li> Andy Goldmark </Li> <Li> Jimmy Harry </Li> <Li> Sidney James </Li> <Li> Tim James </Li> <Li> Mark Jolley </Li> <Li> Patrick Leonard </Li> <Li> Bob Marlette </Li> <Li> Milton McDonald </Li> <Li> Paul Poli </Li> <Li> Veit Renn </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allmusic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> `` Supergirl -- Krystal Harris </Li> <Li> `` Little Bitty Pretty One '' -- Aaron Carter </Li> <Li> `` Miss You More '' -- BBMak </Li> <Li> `` Crush '' -- 3G 's </Li> <Li> `` What Makes You Different ( Makes You Beautiful ) '' -- Backstreet Boys </Li> <Li> `` Miracles Happen '' -- Myra </Li> <Li> `` Always Tomorrow '' -- Nobody 's Angel </Li> <Li> `` Away with the Summer Days '' -- Youngstown </Li> <Li> `` Stupid Cupid '' -- Mandy Moore </Li> <Li> `` Wake Up '' -- Hanson </Li> <Li> `` Happy Go Lucky '' -- Steps </Li> <Li> `` I Love Life '' -- Melissa Lefton </Li> <Li> `` Ai n't Nuthin ' But a She Thing '' -- Lil ' J & Nobody 's Angel </Li> <Li> `` Hold On '' -- B * Witched </Li> <Li> `` The Journey '' -- Mpulz </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Bonus track </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Heartbreak Lullaby ( Ray Hedges Recall 7 Mix ) '' -- A * Teens </Li> </Ol> <H3> Charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2001 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard 200 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Top Soundtracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Score ( edit ) </H3> <P> The movie 's score , composed and conducted by John Debney , was also released by Walt Disney Records . This was the first film he scored for director Garry Marshall ; Debney has written the scores for all of Marshall 's subsequent films to date . </P> <Ol> <Li> Main Titles ( : 56 ) </Li> <Li> Queen Clarisse ( : 53 ) </Li> <Li> Mia Invites Lilly to the Ball ( 1 : 08 ) </Li> <Li> The Princess Diaries Waltz ( 2 : 09 ) </Li> <Li> Mia 's Makeover ( 1 : 08 ) </Li> <Li> Princess Lessons ( : 55 ) </Li> <Li> A New Mia ( 1 : 05 ) </Li> <Li> Mia Flees ( : 53 ) </Li> <Li> Sorry , Dad ( : 32 ) </Li> <Li> Lana , the Traitor ( 1 : 01 ) </Li> <Li> Mia Visits the Consulate ( 1 : 18 ) </Li> <Li> Scooter Talk ( : 58 ) </Li> <Li> I Do n't Want to Be a Princess ( : 37 ) </Li> <Li> Father Talk ( 1 : 00 ) </Li> <Li> The Ball ( : 37 ) </Li> <Li> Meeting the Prime Minister ( 1 : 03 ) </Li> <Li> A Letter from the King ( 1 : 16 ) </Li> <Li> It 's a Real Job ( 1 : 02 ) </Li> <Li> Mia 's Decision ( 2 : 18 ) </Li> <Li> Learning to Walk ( 1 : 42 ) </Li> <Li> Mia Apologizes ( : 44 ) </Li> <Li> Can I Call You Joe ? ( : 58 ) </Li> <Li> The Kiss ( 1 : 18 ) </Li> <Li> Harp Interlude ( 1 : 24 ) </Li> <Li> Princess Diaries Medley ( 3 : 25 ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement : Original Soundtrack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Various artists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 3 , 2004 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 46 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Walt Disney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marty Blasick </Li> <Li> Andreas Carlsson </Li> <Li> Desmond Child </Li> <Li> Matthew Gerrard </Li> <Li> John Shanks </Li> <Li> Peter Stengaard </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allmusic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Track listing ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Breakaway '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Avril Lavigne </Li> <Li> Bridget Benenate </Li> <Li> Matthew Gerrard </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Kelly Clarkson </Td> <Td> 3 : 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` I Decide '' </Td> <Td> Diane Warren </Td> <Td> Lindsay Lohan </Td> <Td> 3 : 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` This Is My Time '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Raven - Symoné </Li> <Li> Gerrard </Li> <Li> Robbie Nevil </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Raven - Symoné </Td> <Td> 4 : 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` I Always Get What I Want '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lavigne </Li> <Li> Clif Magness </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Avril Lavigne </Td> <Td> 2 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Trouble '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> P ! nk </Li> <Li> Tim Armstrong </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> P ! nk </Td> <Td> 3 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Because You Live '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris Braide </Li> <Li> Andreas Carlsson </Li> <Li> Desmond Child </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Jesse McCartney </Td> <Td> 3 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Love Me Tender '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elvis Presley </Li> <Li> Vera Matson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Norah Jones and Adam Levy </Td> <Td> 2 : 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Fun in the Sun '' </Td> <Td> Harwell </Td> <Td> Steve Harwell </Td> <Td> 3 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` Let 's Bounce '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gerrard </Li> <Li> Nevil </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Christy Carlson Romano </Td> <Td> 3 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Dance , Dance , Dance '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brian Wilson </Li> <Li> Carl Wilson </Li> <Li> Mike Love </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Wilson Phillips </Td> <Td> 2 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Fools '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anders Bagge </Li> <Li> Amthor Birgisson </Li> <Li> Henrik Janson </Li> <Li> Karen Poole </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Rachel Stevens </Td> <Td> 3 : 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` A Love That Will Last '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Foster </Li> <Li> Linda S. Thompson </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Renee Olstead </Td> <Td> 3 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` Your Crowning Glory '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lorraine Feather </Li> <Li> Lawrence Grossman </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Julie Andrews , Raven - Symoné & Anne Hathaway </Td> <Td> 2 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` Miracles Happen '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pamela Eileen Sheyne </Li> <Li> Eliot John Kennedy </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Jonny Blu </Td> <Td> 4 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` The Meaning '' </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lillix </Td> <Td> 3 : 11 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2004 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard 200 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Top Soundtracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : The Princess Diaries soundtrack credits </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Princess Diaries Original Soundtrack -- Bonus track </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Princess Diaries / O.S.T. </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : GOLD & PLATINUM RIAA </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement Original Soundtrack Billboard </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.allmusic.com/album/r702932 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Princess Diaries film series </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Clarisse Renaldi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Princess Diaries book series </Li> <Li> Meg Cabot </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Princess Diaries </Li> <Li> The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soundtracks </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Princess Diaries soundtracks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This Disney - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Princess_Diaries_soundtracks&oldid=800912324 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Disney film soundtracks </Li> <Li> 2001 soundtracks </Li> <Li> 2004 soundtracks </Li> <Li> Film soundtracks </Li> <Li> Walt Disney Records soundtracks </Li> <Li> Disney stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters </Li> <Li> Track listings with deprecated parameters </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 September 2017 , at 13 : 48 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In the movie Princess Diaries 2, the song "Love Me Tender" is sung by

Who sings love me tender in princess diaries 2?

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List of Chicago Bears starting quarterbacks - wikipedia <H1> List of Chicago Bears starting quarterbacks </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> NFL lists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Current season ( show ) <Ul> <Li> 2017 season . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarterbacks ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Starting quarterbacks by touchdowns / touchdowns ( playoffs ) / yardage / 5000 yard seasons / completion <Ul> <Li> by team BUF </Li> <Li> MIA </Li> <Li> NE </Li> <Li> NYJ </Li> <Li> BAL </Li> <Li> CIN </Li> <Li> CLE </Li> <Li> PIT </Li> <Li> HOU </Li> <Li> IND </Li> <Li> JAX </Li> <Li> TEN </Li> <Li> DEN </Li> <Li> KC </Li> <Li> LAC </Li> <Li> OAK </Li> <Li> DAL </Li> <Li> NYG </Li> <Li> PHI </Li> <Li> WAS </Li> <Li> CHI </Li> <Li> DET </Li> <Li> GB </Li> <Li> MIN </Li> <Li> ATL </Li> <Li> CAR </Li> <Li> NO </Li> <Li> TB </Li> <Li> ARI </Li> <Li> LAR </Li> <Li> SF </Li> <Li> SEA </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Most wins </Li> <Li> Playoff records </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Most consecutive starts </Li> <Li> Most consecutive games with touchdown pass </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Win -- loss records 2012 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other lists ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Most consecutive starts ( and games played ) </Li> <Li> Brett Favre 's career achievements </Li> <Li> Peyton Manning 's career achievements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Jay Cutler ( 2009 -- 2016 ) <P> These quarterbacks have started at least one game for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League . They are listed in order of the date of each player 's first start at quarterback for the Bears . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Regular season </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Regular season ( edit ) </H2> Jimmy Clausen ( 2014 -- 2015 ) Josh McCown ( 2011 , 2013 ) Caleb Hanie ( 2011 ) Kyle Orton ( 2005 , 2007 -- 2008 ) Rex Grossman ( 2003 -- 2008 ) Jim McMahon ( 1982 -- 1988 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season ( s ) </Th> <Th> Quarterback ( Games ) </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Mike Glennon ( 4 ) / Mitchell Trubisky ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 5 ) / Brian Hoyer ( 5 ) / Matt Barkley ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 15 ) / Jimmy Clausen ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 15 ) / Jimmy Clausen ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 11 ) / Josh McCown ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 15 ) / Jason Campbell ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 10 ) / Caleb Hanie ( 4 ) / Josh McCown ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 15 ) / Todd Collins ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Jay Cutler ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Kyle Orton ( 15 ) / Rex Grossman ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Rex Grossman ( 7 ) / Brian Griese ( 6 ) / Kyle Orton ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Rex Grossman ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Kyle Orton ( 15 ) / Rex Grossman ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Craig Krenzel ( 5 ) / Chad Hutchinson ( 5 ) / Jonathan Quinn ( 3 ) / Rex Grossman ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Kordell Stewart ( 7 ) / Chris Chandler ( 6 ) / Rex Grossman ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Jim Miller ( 8 ) / Chris Chandler ( 7 ) / Henry Burris ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Jim Miller ( 13 ) / Shane Matthews ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Cade McNown ( 9 ) / Shane Matthews ( 5 ) / Jim Miller ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Shane Matthews ( 7 ) / Cade McNown ( 6 ) / Jim Miller ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Erik Kramer ( 8 ) / Steve Stenstrom ( 7 ) / Moses Moreno ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Erik Kramer ( 13 ) / Rick Mirer ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dave Krieg ( 12 ) / Erik Kramer ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Erik Kramer ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Steve Walsh ( 11 ) / Erik Kramer ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Jim Harbaugh ( 15 ) / Peter Tom Willis ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Jim Harbaugh ( 13 ) / Peter Tom Willis ( 2 ) / Will Furrer ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Jim Harbaugh ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Jim Harbaugh ( 14 ) / Mike Tomczak ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Mike Tomczak ( 11 ) / Jim Harbaugh ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> Jim McMahon ( 9 ) / Mike Tomczak ( 5 ) / Jim Harbaugh ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jim McMahon ( 6 ) / Mike Tomczak ( 6 ) / Mike Hohensee ( 2 ) / Steve Bradley ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Mike Tomczak ( 7 ) / Jim McMahon ( 6 ) / Steve Fuller ( 2 ) / Doug Flutie ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Jim McMahon ( 11 ) / Steve Fuller ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Jim McMahon ( 9 ) / Steve Fuller ( 4 ) / Rusty Lisch ( 1 ) / Bob Avellini ( 1 ) / Greg Landry ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jim McMahon ( 13 ) / Vince Evans ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Jim McMahon ( 7 ) / Bob Avellini ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Vince Evans ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Vince Evans ( 10 ) / Mike Phipps ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Mike Phipps ( 10 ) / Vince Evans ( 3 ) / Bob Avellini ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Bob Avellini ( 12 ) / Mike Phipps ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Bob Avellini ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Bob Avellini ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Gary Huff ( 9 ) / Bob Avellini ( 4 ) / Bobby Douglass ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Gary Huff ( 11 ) / Bobby Douglass ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Bobby Douglass ( 12 ) / Gary Huff ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Bobby Douglass ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Bobby Douglass ( 7 ) / Kent Nix ( 4 ) / Jack Concannon ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Jack Concannon ( 13 ) / Bobby Douglass ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Jack Concannon ( 5 ) / Bobby Douglass ( 7 ) / Virgil Carter ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Bobby Douglass ( 7 ) / Virgil Carter ( 5 ) / Larry Rakestraw ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Jack Concannon ( 12 ) / Larry Rakestraw ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Rudy Bukich ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Rudy Bukich ( 12 ) / Billy Wade ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> Billy Wade ( 10 ) / Rudy Bukich ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> Billy Wade ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Billy Wade ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Billy Wade ( 9 ) / Ed Brown ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> Ed Brown ( 11 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Ed Brown ( 10 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Ed Brown ( 11 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> Ed Brown ( 8 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> Ed Brown ( 12 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> Ed Brown ( 12 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> George Blanda ( 7 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1953 </Td> <Td> George Blanda ( 12 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> Bob Williams ( 7 ) / Steve Romanik ( 3 ) / George Blanda ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> Johnny Lujack ( 6 ) / Steve Romanik ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> Johnny Lujack ( 12 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> Johnny Lujack ( 8 ) / Sid Luckman ( 2 ) / George Blanda ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman ( 8 ) / Johnny Lujack ( 3 ) / Bobby Layne ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman ( 7 ) / Mike Jarmoluk ( 3 ) / Mike Holovak ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman ( 5 ) / Tom Farris ( 3 ) / Noah Mullins ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1945 * </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman / Gene Ronzani / Al Grygo </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 * </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman / Gene Ronzani / Johnny Long </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 * </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman / Bob Snyder </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 * </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman / Charlie O'Rourke </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman ( 11 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 * </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman / Bernie Masterson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1939 * </Td> <Td> Sid Luckman / Bernie Masterson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 * </Td> <Td> Bernie Masterson / Ray Buivid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937

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2018 Australian Grand Prix - wikipedia <H1> 2018 Australian Grand Prix </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> 2018 Australian Grand Prix <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Race details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Race 1 of 21 in the 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship <Table> <Tr> <Td> Next race → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Layout of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td colspan="3"> 23 March to 25 March 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official name </Th> <Td colspan="3"> Formula 1 2018 Rolex Australian Grand Prix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td colspan="3"> Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit , Melbourne , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Course </Th> <Td colspan="3"> Temporary street circuit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Course length </Th> <Td colspan="3"> 5.303 km ( 3.295 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distance </Th> <Td colspan="3"> 58 laps , 307.574 km ( 191.118 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Pole position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Driver </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lewis Hamilton </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Mercedes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time </Th> <Td colspan="3"> 1 : 21.164 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Fastest lap </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Driver </Th> <Td> Daniel Ricciardo </Td> <Td> Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time </Th> <Td colspan="3"> 1 : 25.945 on lap 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Podium </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sebastian Vettel </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Ferrari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Second </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lewis Hamilton </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Mercedes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Third </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kimi Räikkönen </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Ferrari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Lap leaders ( show ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 Australian Grand Prix ( formally known as the Formula 1 2018 Rolex Australian Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held between 23 and 25 March 2018 in Melbourne , Victoria . The race was contested over fifty - eight laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship . The race marked the eighty - second race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix -- which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928 -- and the twenty - third time the event was held at the Albert Park circuit . </P> <P> Ferrari driver Sebastian Vettel was the defending race winner . Lewis Hamilton started the race from pole -- his seventh pole position in Australia , a record for the event -- while Vettel successfully defended his race win , the forty - eighth of his career . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Report <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Tyres </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Drag reduction system </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Qualifying </Li> <Li> 1.3 Race </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Classification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Qualifying </Li> <Li> 2.2 Race </Li> <Li> 2.3 Championship standings after the race </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Report ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> The race marked the competitive début of the `` halo '' cockpit protection device after eighteen months of rigorous testing . </P> Tyres ( edit ) <P> Tyre supplier Pirelli provided teams with the soft , supersoft and ultrasoft compounds . </P> Drag reduction system ( edit ) <P> In the week before the Grand Prix , race officials confirmed the inclusion of a third drag reduction system ( DRS ) zone . The detection point for the third zone was positioned on the approach to the Turn 11 - 12 chicane with the activation point on the exit to Turn 12 . The existing DRS zones were unchanged from previous years , with one positioned on the main straight and the second on the straight between Turns 2 and 3 . </P> <H3> Qualifying ( edit ) </H3> <P> In his first run in the third part of qualifying Valtteri Bottas crashed and damaged his gearbox . As a result he received a five place grid penalty and started fifteenth . Lewis Hamilton qualified on pole , Kimi Räikkönen qualified second , Sebastian Vettel qualified third . Ricciardo qualified fourth but started seventh . Verstappen , Magnussen , Grosjean started fourth , fifth and sixth . Hülkenberg started eight , while Sainz and Alonso started ninth and tenth . </P> <H3> Race ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the start the top three stayed in the same order they started while Verstappen lost a place to Magnussen at the start . On lap 9 Verstappen spun and dropped down to eight . That meant the top ten was Hamilton , Räikkönen , Vettel , Magnusson , Grosjean , Ricciardo , Hülkenberg , Verstappen , Sainz and Alonso . They stayed in that order until the first round of pit stops . On lap 18 Räikkönen pitted . On lap 19 Hamilton pitted and came out ahead of Räikkönen . Verstappen pitted on lap 20 . On lap 22 Magnussen retired with a loose wheel but . On lap 24 Grosjean retired from seventh with the same problem as his team mate Magnussen . This brought out a virtual safety car . On lap 26 Vettel pitted . He came out ahead of Hamilton . Mercedes miscalculated the margin between Vettel and Hamilton before Vettel 's pit stop . After the first round of pit stops Vettel led with Hamilton second and Räikkönen in third . On lap 27 the actual safety car came out . The safety car came in at the end of lap 31 . This left the top ten Vettel , Hamilton , Räikkönen , Ricciardo , Alonso , Verstappen , Hülkenberg , Bottas , Vandoorne and Sainz . None of the top ten pitted again . Near the end Ricciardo put Räikkönen under pressure , while in the battle for fourth and fifth Alonso resisted the pressure from Verstappen . Vettel won , Hamilton came second and Räikkönen completed the podium in third . The rest of the top ten was Ricciardo , Alonso , Verstappen , Hülkenberg , Bottas , Vandoorne and Sainz . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Qualifying ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Car no . </Th> <Th> Driver </Th> <Th> Constructor </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Qualifying times </Th> <Th> Final grid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Q1 </Th> <Th> Q2 </Th> <Th> Q3 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Lewis Hamilton </Td> <Td> Mercedes </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.824 </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.051 </Td> <Td> 1 : 21.164 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Kimi Räikkönen </Td> <Td> Ferrari </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.096 </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.507 </Td> <Td> 1 : 21.828 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Sebastian Vettel </Td> <Td> Ferrari </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.348 </Td> <Td> 1 : 21.944 </Td> <Td> 1 : 21.838 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Max Verstappen </Td> <Td> Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.483 </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.416 </Td> <Td> 1 : 21.879 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Daniel Ricciardo </Td> <Td> Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.494 </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.897 </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.152 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Kevin Magnussen </Td> <Td> Haas - Ferrari </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.909 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.300 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.187 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Romain Grosjean </Td> <Td> Haas - Ferrari </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.671 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.468 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.339 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Nico Hülkenberg </Td> <Td> Renault </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.782 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.544 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.532 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> Carlos Sainz Jr . </Td> <Td> Renault </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.529 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.061 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.577 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> Valtteri Bottas </Td> <Td> Mercedes </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.686 </Td> <Td> 1 : 22.089 </Td> <Td> no time </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Fernando Alonso </Td> <Td> McLaren - Renault </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.597 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.692 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stoffel Vandoorne </Td> <Td> McLaren - Renault </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.073 </Td> <Td> 1 : 23.853 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Sergio Pérez </Td> <Td> Force India - Mercedes </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.344 </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Lance Stroll </Td> <Td> Williams - Mercedes </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.464 </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.230 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> Esteban Ocon </Td> <Td> Force India - Mercedes </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.503 </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.786 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Brendon Hartley </Td> <Td> Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.532 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Marcus Ericsson </Td> <Td> Sauber - Ferrari </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.556 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Charles Leclerc </Td> <Td> Sauber - Ferrari </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.636 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Sergey Sirotkin </Td> <Td> Williams - Mercedes </Td> <Td> 1 : 24.922 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Pierre Gasly </Td> <Td> Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda </Td> <Td> 1 : 25.295 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="8"> 107 % time : 1 : 28.621 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="8"> Source : </Th> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> ^ 1 -- Daniel Ricciardo received a three - place grid penalty for failing to adequately slow down for a red flag during free practice . </Li> <Li> ^ 2 -- Valtteri Bottas received a five - place grid penalty for a gearbox change . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Race ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Driver </Th> <Th> Constructor </Th> <Th> Laps </Th> <Th> Time / Retired </Th> <Th> Grid </Th> <Th> Points </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Sebastian Vettel </Td> <Td> Ferrari </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> 1 : 29 : 33.283 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Lewis Hamilton </Td> <Td> Mercedes </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> + 5.036 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Kimi Räikkönen </Td> <Td> Ferrari </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> + 6.309 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Daniel Ricciardo </Td> <Td> Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> + 7.069 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Fernando Alonso </Td> <Td> McLaren - Renault </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> + 27.886 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Max Verstappen </Td> <Td> Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> + 28.945 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Nico Hülkenberg </Td>

The winner of the 2018 Formula One Australian Grand Prix tournament was

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process , A.R.G.U.S. agents eventually capture Barry and Snart , but Lyla , seeing the kindness in Barry 's actions , allows Barry to take the device . Snart advises Barry to use the goodness in him to defeat Savitar . Tracy decides to join the team . Cisco vibes about his battle with Killer Frost and leaves to fight her . Joe tries to hide Iris from Savitar on Earth - 2 with Harry but future Barry tricks H.R. into revealing up her location by pretending to be his younger self , breaks Wally 's leg and kidnaps Iris in front of a horrified Joe . Flash uses the `` Speed Force Bazooka '' on Savitar , but it fails when Savitar counteracts it with the Philosopher 's Stone , which is made out of calcified speed force energy . Savitar then stabs Iris in the back in front of Flash seemingly killing her as he escapes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 69 </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` Finish Line '' </Td> <Td> David McWhirter </Td> <Td> Aaron Helbing & Todd Helbing </Td> <Td> May 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13123 </Td> <Td> 3.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> H.R. reveals he swapped places with Iris and dies from his injuries . Realizing Iris is not dead , Savitar kidnaps Cisco and forces him to modify the Bazooka into an `` inter-dimensional quantum splicer '' . This will allow Savitar to disperse himself throughout time and protect him from the paradox that threatens to erase him . Barry meets with Savitar , believing he can be redeemed and they go to S.T.A.R. Labs . Although Barry and Iris try to get through to him , Savitar wrecks the lab and orders Caitlin to kill Cisco , but Gypsy saves him . Savitar and Killer Frost open a portal into the Speed Force . The Black Flash intervenes , but is frozen by Caitlin . Savitar then attempts to execute his plan . However , Cisco modified the Bazooka into a ' skeleton key ' which frees Jay from the Speed Force prison . Barry , Wally and Jay engage Savitar , while Cisco , with Gyspy 's help , convinces Caitlin to abandon Savitar . Barry phases through and destroys Savitar 's armor before Savitar is erased from existence . As Team Flash mourns H.R. , Caitlin decides not to use Julian 's cure , leaving the team so she may find her own purpose . Later on , an energy storm appears over Central City , caused by the Speed Force prison being empty . Barry explains that he needs to atone for creating Flashpoint and enters the prison , entrusting Central City to Iris and the team . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 4 ( 2017 -- 18 ) </H3> Main article : The Flash ( season 4 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. Kevorkian </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13403 </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Elongated Journey Into Night '' </Td> <Td> Tom Cavanagh </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13404 </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> Laura Belsey </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13405 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 75 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` When Harry Met Harry ... '' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 76 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore I Am '' </Td> <Td> David McWhirter </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13407 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 77 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Crisis on Earth - X , Part 3 '' </Td> <Td> Dermott Downs </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg & Marc Guggenheim Teleplay by : Todd Helbing </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13408 </Td> <Td> 2.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 78 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Run '' </Td> <Td> Stefan Pleszczynski </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13409 </Td> <Td> 2.22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The Trial of The Flash '' </Td> <Td> Philip Chipera </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> January 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13410 </Td> <Td> 2.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 80 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Elongated Knight Rises '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13411 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Honey , I Shrunk Team Flash '' </Td> <Td> Chris Peppe </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> January 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 82 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` True Colors '' </Td> <Td> Tara Nicole Weyr </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> February 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Ratings </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2014 -- 15 ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> October 7 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.9 / 6 </Td> <Td> 4.83 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.00 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Fastest Man Alive '' </Td> <Td> October 14 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.7 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.27 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Things You Ca n't Outrun '' </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.59 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Going Rogue '' </Td> <Td> October 28 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.53 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Plastique '' </Td> <Td> November 11 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.46 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Is Born '' </Td> <Td> November 18 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.73 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Power Outage '' </Td> <Td> November 25 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.47 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Flash vs. Arrow '' </Td> <Td> December 2 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.6 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.34 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.31 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Man in the Yellow Suit '' </Td> <Td> December 9 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.66 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.06 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 6.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Revenge of the Rogues '' </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.87 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 6.27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Sound and the Fury '' </Td> <Td> January 27 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.08 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Crazy for You '' </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.60 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` The Nuclear Man '' </Td> <Td> February 10 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.66 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Fallout '' </Td> <Td> February 17 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.01 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Out of Time '' </Td> <Td> March 17 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.69 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.34 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Rogue Time '' </Td> <Td> March 24 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.2 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.33 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.37 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 5.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Tricksters '' </Td> <Td> March 31 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.67 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.43 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` All Star Team Up '' </Td> <Td> April 14 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.67 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.05 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Who Is Harrison Wells ? '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.75 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` The Trap '' </Td> <Td> April 28 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.93 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Grodd Lives '' </Td> <Td>

The last episode of The Flash was

What was the last episode of the flash?

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Arizona 's 9th congressional district - wikipedia <H1> Arizona 's 9th congressional district </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Arizona 's 9th congressional district </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Arizona 's 9th congressional district - since January 3 , 2013 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current Representative </Th> <Td> Kyrsten Sinema ( D -- Phoenix ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population ( 2015 ) </Th> <Td> 777,123 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ethnicity </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 77.2 % White </Li> <Li> 4.9 % Black </Li> <Li> 5 % Asian </Li> <Li> 2.9 % Hispanic </Li> <Li> 2.7 % Native American </Li> <Li> 6.1 % other </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cook PVI </Th> <Td> D + 4 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Arizona 's ninth congressional district is a new district that was created as a result of the 2010 Census . The first candidates ran in the 2012 House elections , and the first representative was seated for the 113th Congress in 2013 . </P> <P> The district is located entirely within Maricopa County . Geographically and demographically , it is the successor to the old 5th district ; 60 percent of the new 9th 's territory comes from the old 5th . It is centered around Tempe and includes southern Scottsdale , western Mesa , northwestern Chandler , and southern Phoenix including the Ahwatukee district . </P> <P> As of the 2012 general election , there are 344,770 registered voters . Of these , 118,077 ( 34.2 % ) are registered Republican , 107,123 ( 31.1 % ) are registered Democratic , 3,232 ( 0.9 % ) are registered Libertarian , and 761 ( 0.2 % ) are registered Green . A substantial number , 115,531 ( 33.5 % ) are independents . It is split between liberal bastions such as Tempe ( home to Arizona State University ) , strongly conservative portions of the East Valley , and more moderate Republicans in eastern and southern Phoenix . </P> <P> The district was one of seven across the United States whose winner was not declared on election night . Although Democratic candidate Kyrsten Sinema held a narrow lead over Republican candidate Vernon Parker , the number of provisional and absentee ballots to be counted significantly exceeded the margin between the two . Sinema was officially declared the winner on November 12 , 2012 . </P> <P> Since the 9th district 's incumbent representative Kyrsten Sinema is running for Senate in 2018 to replace retiring U.S. Senator Jeff Flake , the seat will be open in 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Voting </Li> <Li> 2 List of representatives </Li> <Li> 3 2012 election </Li> <Li> 4 Complete election results <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2012 </Li> <Li> 4.2 2014 </Li> <Li> 4.3 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Living former Members </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Voting ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Election results from statewide races </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Year </Td> <Td> Office </Td> <Td> Results </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> President </Td> <Td> Obama 51 - 47 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> President </Td> <Td> Clinton 55 - 38 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> List of Representatives ( edit ) </H2> <P> Arizona began sending a ninth member to the House after the 2010 Census , the 2012 Congressional election , and the convening of the 113th Congress . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Representative </Th> <Th> Party </Th> <Th> Years </Th> <Th> Cong resses </Th> <Th> Electoral history </Th> <Th> District description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> District created </Td> <Td> January 3 , 2013 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Parts of south and east Phoenix , including the Ahwatukee district ; Tempe , south Scottsdale , west Mesa , and northwest Chandler . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Kyrsten Sinema </P> </Td> <Td> Democratic </Td> <Td> January 3 , 2013 -- present </Td> <Td> 113 114 115 </Td> <Td> First elected in 2012 . Re-elected in 2014 . Re-elected in 2016 . Retiring to run for U.S. Senator . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> 2012 election ( edit ) </H2> Main article : United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona , 2012 <P> As the result of the August 28 , 2012 closed primary , Democrat Kyrsten Sinema faced Republican Vernon Parker in the November 6 general election . Sinema was the first candidate to announce an intention to run . A former member of both the Arizona House of Representatives and the Arizona State Senate , until resigning to launch her House campaign in Arizona 's 9th congressional district , she was endorsed by EMILY 's List , AFL - CIO , The Professional Firefighters of Arizona , Former Congressman Sam Coppersmith , among others . </P> <P> On January 11 , 2012 , Republican Travis Grantham announced that he was running . </P> <P> Arizona State Senate Minority Leader David Schapira announced his candidacy on January 17 , 2012 . Schapira was born in the district , has resided there for most of his life , and currently represents Tempe and South Scottsdale . </P> <P> On February 9 , 2012 former Clinton White House aide and Arizona prosecutor Andrei Cherny launched his bid for Congress in the new district . Cherny was Chair of the Arizona Democratic Party . His campaign slogan is `` Save the Middle Class , '' for his mission is to `` put our government back on the side of Arizona 's families . '' He served as an Assistant Attorney General under Terry Goddard and worked in the Clinton White House . Both men have given their endorsements to Cherny . Former Ahwatukee State Rep. Rae Waters , Mesa City Councilman Dennis Kavanaugh , former Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon and many other strong Arizona leaders have done so as well . </P> <P> On February 22 , 2012 , Republican Martin Sepulveda declared his candidacy for Congressional District 9 . Martin Sepulveda is a former Chandler City Councilman , a business owner , and a Commander in the United States Navy having served four tours in Afghanistan and Iraq . On March 3 , 2012 Lieutenant Colonel Wendy Rogers ( Ret ) announced her candidacy for Congressional District 9 . Rogers and husband Hal Kunen , along with children George and Emily , settled in Tempe in 1996 , upon their retirement from the United States Air Force . Rogers is a Republican . </P> <P> Leah Campos Schandlbauer announced her candidacy March 26 , 2012 . She is a former CIA operations officer and a conservative Republican . </P> <H2> Complete election results ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 2012 ( edit ) </H3> <Table> Arizona 's 9th congressional district general election , 2012 <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Party </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> % </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Democratic </Td> <Td> Kyrsten Sinema </Td> <Td> 121,881 </Td> <Td> 48.66 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Republican </Td> <Td> Vernon B. Parker </Td> <Td> 111,630 </Td> <Td> 44.56 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Libertarian </Td> <Td> Powell Gammill </Td> <Td> 16,620 </Td> <Td> 6.63 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Write - in </Td> <Td> Write - ins </Td> <Td> 363 </Td> <Td> 0.14 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Plurality </Td> <Td> 10,251 </Td> <Td> 4.10 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total votes </Td> <Td> 250,494 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Democratic gain from new constituency </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> 2014 ( edit ) </H3> <Table> Arizona 's 9th congressional district general election , 2014 <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Party </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> % </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Democratic </Td> <Td> Kyrsten Sinema </Td> <Td> 88,609 </Td> <Td> 55 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Republican </Td> <Td> Wendy Rogers </Td> <Td> 67,841 </Td> <Td> 41 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Libertarian </Td> <Td> Powell Gammill </Td> <Td> 5,612 </Td> <Td> 4 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Democratic hold </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> 2016 ( edit ) </H3> <Table> Arizona 's 9th congressional district general election , 2016 <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Party </Th> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Th> Votes </Th> <Th> % </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Democratic </Td> <Td> Kyrsten Sinema </Td> <Td> 169,055 </Td> <Td> 61 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Republican </Td> <Td> Dave Giles </Td> <Td> 108,350 </Td> <Td> 39 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Democratic hold </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Living former members ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are no former members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona 's 9th congressional district , living or dead : Representative Sinema has served for the entirety of the district 's existence . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Partisan Voting Index -- Districts of the 115th Congress '' ( PDF ) . The Cook Political Report . April 7 , 2017 . Retrieved April 7 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Census 2010 shows Red states gaining congressional districts '' . Washington Post . Retrieved December 21 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Arizona Redistricting : Commission releases draft map . Daily Kos , October 4 , 2011 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Arizona Secretary of State . `` State of Arizona Registration Report '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on November 7 , 2012 . Retrieved November 13 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Shira T. Center ( August 12 , 2014 ) . `` Freshman Congresswoman Moves to the Middle '' . Roll Call . Retrieved August 29 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Kyrsten Sinema 's Lead Growing Over Vernon Parker as More Ballots Are Counted '' . Phoenix New Times , November 9 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` US elects first bisexual member of Congress '' . AFP , November 12 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Martis , Kenneth C. ( 1982 ) . The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts , 1789 - 1983 . New York : Macmillan Publishing . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Martis , Kenneth C. ( 1989 ) . The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress , 1789 - 1989 . New York : Macmillan Publishing . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Congressional Directory : Browse 105th Congress Archived February 17 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` State senator announces bid for Congress '' . Washington Examiner . January 3 , 2012 . Retrieved January 3 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Endorsements '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Grantham announces run for Congress '' . KPHO - TV . January 11 , 2012 . Retrieved January 12 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Schapira announces bid for Congress '' . The Arizona Republic . January 17 , 2012 . Retrieved March 6 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.andreiforarizona.com/media/news/2012-02-cherny-launches-congressional-bid </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on August 23 , 2012 . Retrieved August 8 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2012 . Retrieved April 19 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Mother of Four , CIA Operations Officer Declares for Congress in District 9 '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Former CIA worker to run for Congress in District 9 '' . Arizona Republic . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Maps of Congressional Districts first in effect for the 2002 election </Li> <Li> Final Congressional Maps for the 2012 election </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Arizona 's congressional districts </Th>

The Arizona 9th district in the House is represented by

Who represents the arizona 9th district in the house?