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Total Quality Management - wikipedia <H1> Total Quality Management </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the specific approach to quality management from the 1980s . For quality management , in general , see Quality management . <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series of articles on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manufacturing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manufacturing methods </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Batch production </Li> <Li> Job production </Li> <Li> Flow production </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Improvement methods </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RCM </Li> <Li> TPM </Li> <Li> VDM </Li> <Li> QRM </Li> <Li> TOC </Li> <Li> Lean </Li> <Li> Six Sigma </Li> <Li> TQM </Li> <Li> ZD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Information and communication </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ISA - 88 </Li> <Li> ISA - 95 </Li> <Li> ERP </Li> <Li> SAP </Li> <Li> IEC 62264 </Li> <Li> B2MML </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Process control </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PLC </Li> <Li> DCS </Li> <Li> SCADA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Total quality management ( TQM ) consists of organization - wide efforts to install and make a permanent climate in which an organization continuously improves its ability to deliver high - quality products and services to customers . While there is no widely agreed - upon approach , TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously developed tools and techniques of quality control . TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being overshadowed by ISO 9000 , Lean manufacturing , and Six Sigma . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Development in the United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Features <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Notable definitions <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 United States Department of Defense ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 British Standards Institution standard BS 7850 - 1 : 1992 </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 8402 : 1994 </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 The American Society for Quality </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 The Chartered Quality Institute </Li> <Li> 2.1. 6 Baldrige Excellence Framework </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Standards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Legacy </Li> <Li> 4 Criticism </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the late 1970s and early 1980s , the developed countries of North America and Western Europe suffered economically in the face of stiff competition from Japan 's ability to produce high - quality goods at competitive cost . For the first time since the start of the Industrial Revolution , the United Kingdom became a net importer of finished goods . The United States undertook its own soul - searching , expressed most pointedly in the television broadcast of If Japan Can ... Why Ca n't We ? Firms began reexamining the techniques of quality control invented over the past 50 years and how those techniques had been so successfully employed by the Japanese . It was in the midst of this economic turmoil that TQM took root . </P> <P> The exact origin of the term `` total quality management '' is uncertain . It is almost certainly inspired by Armand V. Feigenbaum 's multi-edition book Total Quality Control ( OCLC 299383303 ) and Kaoru Ishikawa 's What Is Total Quality Control ? The Japanese Way ( OCLC 11467749 ) . It may have been first coined in the United Kingdom by the Department of Trade and Industry during its 1983 `` National Quality Campaign '' . Or it may have been first coined in the United States by the Naval Air Systems Command to describe its quality - improvement efforts in 1985 . </P> <H3> Development in the United States ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the spring of 1984 , an arm of the United States Navy asked some of its civilian researchers to assess statistical process control and the work of several prominent quality consultants and to make recommendations as to how to apply their approaches to improve the Navy 's operational effectiveness . The recommendation was to adopt the teachings of W. Edwards Deming . The Navy branded the effort `` Total Quality Management '' in 1985 . </P> <P> From the Navy , TQM spread throughout the US Federal Government , resulting in the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> The creation of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in August 1987 </Li> <Li> The creation of the Federal Quality Institute in June 1988 </Li> <Li> The adoption of TQM by many elements of government and the armed forces , including the United States Department of Defense , United States Army , and United States Coast Guard </Li> </Ul> <P> The private sector followed suit , flocking to TQM principles not only as a means to recapture market share from the Japanese , but also to remain competitive when bidding for contracts from the Federal Government since `` total quality '' requires involving suppliers , not just employees , in process improvement efforts . </P> <H2> Features ( edit ) </H2> <P> There is no widespread agreement as to what TQM is and what actions it requires of organizations , however a review of the original United States Navy effort gives a rough understanding of what is involved in TQM . </P> <P> The key concepts in the TQM effort undertaken by the Navy in the 1980s include : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Quality is defined by customers ' requirements . '' </Li> <Li> `` Top management has direct responsibility for quality improvement . '' </Li> <Li> `` Increased quality comes from systematic analysis and improvement of work processes . '' </Li> <Li> `` Quality improvement is a continuous effort and conducted throughout the organization . '' </Li> </Ul> <P> The Navy used the following tools and techniques : </P> <Ul> <Li> The PDCA cycle to drive issues to resolution </Li> <Li> Ad hoc cross-functional teams ( similar to quality circles ) responsible for addressing immediate process issues </Li> <Li> Standing cross-functional teams responsible for the improvement of processes over the long term </Li> <Li> Active management participation through steering committees </Li> <Li> Use of the Seven Basic Tools of Quality to analyze quality - related issues </Li> </Ul> <H3> Notable definitions ( edit ) </H3> <P> While there is no generally accepted definition of TQM , several notable organizations have attempted to define it . These include : </P> United States Department of Defense ( 1988 ) ( edit ) <P> `` Total Quality Management ( TQM ) in the Department of Defense is a strategy for continuously improving performance at every level , and in all areas of responsibility . It combines fundamental management techniques , existing improvement efforts , and specialized technical tools under a disciplined structure focused on continuously improving all processes . Improved performance is directed at satisfying such broad goals as cost , quality , schedule , and mission need and suitability . Increasing user satisfaction is the overriding objective . The TQM effort builds on the pioneering work of Dr. W.E. Deming , Dr. J.M. Juran , and others , and benefits from both private and public sector experience with continuous process improvement . '' </P> British standards Institution standard BS 7850 - 1 : 1992 ( edit ) <P> `` A management philosophy and company practices that aim to harness the human and material resources of an organization in the most effective way to achieve the objectives of the organization . '' </P> International organization for Standardization standard ISO 8402 : 1994 ( edit ) <P> `` A management approach of an organisation centred on quality , based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long term success through customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organisation and society . '' </P> The American Society for Quality ( edit ) <P> `` A term first used to describe a management approach to quality improvement . Since then , TQM has taken on many meanings . Simply put , it is a management approach to long - term success through customer satisfaction . TQM is based on all members of an organization participating in improving processes , products , services and the culture in which they work . The methods for implementing this approach are found in the teachings of such quality leaders as Philip B. Crosby , W. Edwards Deming , Armand V. Feigenbaum , Kaoru Ishikawa and Joseph M. Juran . '' </P> The Chartered Quality Institute ( edit ) <P> `` TQM is a philosophy for managing an organisation in a way which enables it to meet stakeholder needs and expectations efficiently and effectively , without compromising ethical values . '' </P> Baldrige excellence Framework ( edit ) <P> In the United States , the Baldrige Award , created by Public Law 100 - 107 , annually recognizes American businesses , education institutions , health care organizations , and government or nonprofit organizations that are role models for organizational performance excellence . Organizations are judged on criteria from seven categories : </P> <Ol> <Li> Leadership </Li> <Li> Strategy </Li> <Li> Customers </Li> <Li> Measurement , analysis , and knowledge management </Li> <Li> Workforce </Li> <Li> Operations </Li> <Li> Results </Li> </Ol> <P> Example criteria are : </P> <Ul> <Li> How do you obtain information on your customers ' satisfaction relative to their satisfaction with your competitors ? </Li> <Li> How do you select , collect , align , and integrate data and information for tracking daily operations ? </Li> <Li> How do you manage your workforce , its needs , and your needs to ensure continuity , prevent workforce reductions , and minimize the impact of workforce reductions , if they do become necessary ? </Li> </Ul> <P> Joseph M. Juran believed the Baldrige Award judging criteria to be the most widely accepted description of what TQM entails . </P> <H3> Standards ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the 1990s , standards bodies in Belgium , France , Germany , Turkey , and the United Kingdom attempted to standardize TQM . While many of these standards have since been explicitly withdrawn , they all are effectively superseded by ISO 9000 : </P> <Ul> <Li> Total Quality Management : Guide to Management Principles , London , England : British Standards Institution , 1992 , ISBN 9780580211560 , OCLC 655881602 , BS 7850 </Li> <Li> Electronic Components Committee ( 1994 ) , Guide to Total Quality Management ( TQM ) for CECC - Approved Organizations , Brussels , Belgium : European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization , CECC 00 806 Issue 1 </Li> <Li> System zur Zukunftssicherung : Total Quality Management ( TQM ) , Düsseldorf , Germany : Verein Deutscher Ingenieure , 1996 , OCLC 632959402 , VDI 5500 </Li> <Li> Total Quality and Marketing / Management Tools , Paris , France : AFNOR , 1998 , FD X50 - 680 </Li> <Li> Total Quality Management : Guide to Management Principles , Turkish Standards Institution ( TSE ) , 2006 , TS 13133 </Li> </Ul> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> Interest in TQM as an academic subject peaked around 1993 . </P> <P> The Federal Quality Institute was shuttered in September 1995 as part of the Clinton administration 's efforts to streamline government . The European Centre for Total Quality Management closed in August 2009 , a casualty of the Great Recession . </P> <P> TQM as a vaguely defined quality management approach was largely supplanted by the ISO 9000 collection of standards and their formal certification processes in the 1990s . Business interest in quality improvement under the TQM name also faded as Jack Welch 's success attracted attention to Six Sigma and Toyota 's success attracted attention to Lean manufacturing , though the three share many of the same tools , techniques , and significant portions of the same philosophy . </P> <P> TQM

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2015 World Series - wikipedia <H1> 2015 World Series </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see 2015 World Series ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2015 World Series </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team ( Wins ) </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Manager ( s ) </Td> <Td> Season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kansas City Royals ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ned Yost </Td> <Td> 95 -- 67 , . 586 , 12 GA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New York Mets ( 1 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Terry Collins </Td> <Td> 90 -- 72 , . 556 , 7 GA </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates </Th> <Td> October 27 -- November 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MVP </Th> <Td> Salvador Pérez ( Kansas City ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Umpires </Th> <Td> Gary Cederstrom ( crew chief ) , Bill Welke ( games 1 -- 2 ) , Mike Everitt ( games 3 -- 7 ) , Mark Carlson , Mike Winters , Jim Wolf , Alfonso Márquez , Ron Kulpa ( replay assistant ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ALCS </Th> <Td> Kansas City Royals defeated Toronto Blue Jays , 4 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NLCS </Th> <Td> New York Mets defeated Chicago Cubs , 4 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Broadcast </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television </Th> <Td> Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TV announcers </Th> <Td> Joe Buck ( play - by - play ) Harold Reynolds and Tom Verducci ( color analysts ) Ken Rosenthal and Erin Andrews ( field reporters ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Radio </Th> <Td> ESPN KCSP ( for the Royals ) WOR ( for the Mets ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Radio announcers </Th> <Td> Dan Shulman and Aaron Boone ( ESPN ) Denny Matthews , Ryan Lefebvre , and Steve Physioc ( for the Royals ) Howie Rose and Josh Lewin ( for the Mets ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> World Series Program </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← 2014 </Td> <Td> World Series </Td> <Td> 2016 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball 's ( MLB ) 2015 season . The 111th edition of the World Series , it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League ( NL ) champion New York Mets and the American League ( AL ) champion Kansas City Royals . The series was played between October 27 and November 1 , with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1 . It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November . The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series to win the World Series after losing in the previous year . It was the first World Series to feature only expansion teams and the first since the 2007 World Series to not feature the Philadelphia Phillies , St. Louis Cardinals , or San Francisco Giants as the NL champions . </P> <P> The Royals had home field advantage for the first two games of the series because of the AL 's 6 -- 3 victory in the Major League Baseball All - Star Game . It was the 13th World Series in which home field advantage was awarded to the league that won the All - Star Game , a practice that was discontinued after the 2016 season . The series was played in a 2 -- 3 -- 2 format : the Royals hosted Games 1 and 2 , and the Mets hosted Games 3 , 4 , and 5 ( there was no Game 6 or 7 , which the Royals would have hosted ) . </P> <P> The Royals won Game 1 in extra innings , tying for the longest game in World Series history . The Royals also won Game 2 with a complete game by Johnny Cueto , who allowed only one unearned run and two hits . With the series shifting to New York , the Mets won Game 3 with home runs by David Wright and Curtis Granderson . The Royals came from behind to win Game 4 after an error by Daniel Murphy led to a blown save by Jeurys Familia . Game 5 also went into extra innings , where bench player Christian Colón drove in the go - ahead run for the Royals , who clinched the series . Salvador Pérez was named the World Series Most Valuable Player . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 New York Mets </Li> <Li> 1.2 Kansas City Royals </Li> <Li> 1.3 Series preview </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Summary </Li> <Li> 3 Game summaries <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Game 1 </Li> <Li> 3.2 Game 2 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Game 3 </Li> <Li> 3.4 Game 4 </Li> <Li> 3.5 Game 5 </Li> <Li> 3.6 Composite line score </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Broadcasting <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Television <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Ratings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Radio </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Historical notes <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Popular culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <H3> New York Mets ( edit ) </H3> Main article : 2015 New York Mets season <P> The Mets made their fifth appearance in the World Series after sweeping the Cubs 4 -- 0 in the 2015 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) . They had split their four previous appearances , winning the 1969 World Series against the Baltimore Orioles and the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox , while losing the 1973 World Series against the Oakland Athletics and the 2000 World Series against the New York Yankees , their cross-town rivals . </P> <P> The Mets qualified for the postseason by winning the National League ( NL ) East , their sixth division title . They faced the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2015 NL Division Series , winning in five games . In the 2015 NLCS , Daniel Murphy led the team by hitting home runs in each game of the four - game sweep of the Chicago Cubs . By winning the NLCS , the Mets ensured that they have the most World Series appearances by an expansion franchise with five . In addition , the Mets have made World Series appearances in all but one of their six decades of existence , not appearing in any that were played during the 1990s . This was the first World Series appearance for Mets ' manager Terry Collins . </P> <H3> Kansas City Royals ( edit ) </H3> Main article : 2015 Kansas City Royals season <P> The Royals made their second consecutive appearance in the World Series , both under Ned Yost , and fourth overall . They won the 1985 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals , and lost their two other appearances , the 1980 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies and the 2014 World Series against the San Francisco Giants . The Royals qualified for the postseason by winning the American League ( AL ) Central , their seventh division title and their first since winning the AL West in 1985 . They faced the Houston Astros in the 2015 American League Division Series , winning in five games . They followed that up in the 2015 American League Championship Series , beating the Toronto Blue Jays in six games . </P> <P> By winning the ALCS , the Royals became the first team to play in consecutive World Series since the Texas Rangers played in the 2010 World Series and 2011 World Series . </P> <H3> Series preview ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series began on October 27 . As the AL won the 2015 All - Star Game , the Royals had home field advantage for the series . </P> <P> The Mets and Royals had not played since 2013 . Though the Mets boasted four starting pitchers who could throw over 95 miles per hour ( 153 km / h ) in Matt Harvey , Noah Syndergaard , Jacob deGrom and Steven Matz , the Royals had the best team batting average against pitches over that speed during the 2015 season . While the Mets starting pitchers had the best strikeout - to - walk ratio in the majors , the Royals , consisting of strong contact hitters , led baseball in contact rate . The Royals also had a superior defensive team , finishing second in the majors in Defensive Runs Saved , while the Mets finished 21st . The Royals bullpen , anchored by Wade Davis and Kelvin Herrera , also provided a strength . While the Mets hitters performed better against left - handed pitchers than right - handed pitchers , the Royals four starting pitchers , Johnny Cueto , Edinson Vólquez , Yordano Ventura , and Chris Young , and primary relievers , Davis , Herrera , Ryan Madson , and Luke Hochevar , are right - handed . This was also the first time the World Series was played by teams which both entered the league as expansion teams . The Mets joined the National League in 1962 , and the Royals joined the American League in 1969 . </P> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> Kansas City won the series , 4 -- 1 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Game </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 27 </Td> <Td> New York Mets -- 4 , Kansas City Royals -- 5 ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> Kauffman Stadium </Td> <Td> 5 : 09 </Td> <Td> 40,320 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 28 </Td> <Td> New York Mets -- 1 , Kansas City Royals -- 7 </Td> <Td> Kauffman Stadium </Td> <Td> 2 : 54 </Td> <Td> 40,410 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 30 </Td> <Td> Kansas City Royals -- 3 , New York Mets -- 9 </Td> <Td> Citi Field </Td> <Td> 3 : 22 </Td> <Td> 44,781 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 31 </Td> <Td> Kansas City Royals -- 5 , New York Mets -- 3 </Td> <Td> Citi Field </Td> <Td> 3 : 29 </Td> <Td> 44,815 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> November 1 </Td> <Td> Kansas City Royals -- 7 , New York Mets -- 2 ( 12 ) </Td> <Td> Citi Field </Td> <Td> 4 : 15 </Td> <Td> 44,859 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Game summaries ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Game 1 ( edit ) </H3> <Table> Tuesday , October 27 , 2015 7 : 09 pm ( CDT ) at Kauffman Stadium in Kansas City , Missouri <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> <Th> 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> 9 </Th> <Th> 10 </Th> <Th> 11 </Th> <Th> 12 </Th> <Th> 13 </Th> <Th> 14 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kansas City </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="24"> WP : Chris Young ( 1 -- 0 ) LP : Bartolo Colón ( 0 -- 1 ) Home runs : NYM : Curtis Granderson ( 1 ) KC : Alcides Escobar ( 1 ) , Alex Gordon (

The last World Series that didn't go 7 games was in

Last world series that didn't go 7 games?

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Fred Ott 's Sneeze - wikipedia <H1> Fred Ott 's Sneeze </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Fred Ott 's Sneeze </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> William K.L. Dickson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> William K.L. Dickson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Fred Ott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Edison Manufacturing Company </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> January 9 , 1894 ( 1894 - 01 - 09 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 5 seconds </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Silent </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Fred Ott 's Sneeze ( also known as Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze ) is an 1894 American , short , black - and - white , silent documentary film shot by William K.L. Dickson and starring Fred Ott . It was the first motion picture to be copyrighted in the United States . </P> <P> In the five - second film one of Thomas Edison 's assistants , Fred Ott , takes a pinch of snuff and sneezes . According to the Library of Congress , `` It was filmed for publicity purposes as a series of still photographs to accompany an article in Harper 's Weekly . '' </P> <P> In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production </Li> <Li> 2 Current status </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company , which had begun making films in 1890 under the direction of Dickson , one of the earliest film pioneers . It was filmed within the Black Maria studio at West Orange , New Jersey , in the USA , which was U.S. first movie studio . It was filmed between January 2 , 1894 and January 7 , 1894 and was displayed , at the time , through the means of a Kinetoscope . </P> <H2> Current status ( edit ) </H2> 45 paper prints made from individual frames of the film . <P> As a film produced prior to 1923 , its copyright has now expired and the work is in the public domain . Originally , the film was submitted to the Library of Congress as a `` paper print '' ( a photographic record of each frame of the film ) for copyright purposes . A digital copy is now kept by the Library of Congress and can be viewed on their American Memory website . This short film has been featured at The 30th Annual Academy Awards , and was included as part of the TV documentary . The First 100 Years : A Celebration of American Movies </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1894 in film </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Sneeze Caught on Film '' . American Treasures of the Library of Congress . Retrieved 2007 - 03 - 17 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Library of Congress American Memory '' . Retrieved 2007 - 03 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mike Barnes ( December 16 , 2015 ) . `` ' Ghostbusters , ' ' Top Gun , ' ' Shawshank ' Enter National Film Registry '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved December 16 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Internet Movie Database Movie Connections '' . Retrieved 2007 - 03 - 17 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fred Ott 's Sneeze . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Library of Congress </Li> <Li> Video of Fred Ott 's Sneeze YouTube </Li> <Li> Fred Ott 's Sneeze on IMDb </Li> <Li> Fred Ott 's Sneeze at AllMovie </Li> <Li> Evina , Frank ( October 2004 ) . `` Copyright Lore '' ( PDF ) . Copyright Notices . U.S. Copyright Office . Retrieved June 6 , 2011 . </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Ott%27s_Sneeze&oldid=817574596 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1894 films </Li> <Li> American films </Li> <Li> American documentary films </Li> <Li> American black - and - white films </Li> <Li> American silent short films </Li> <Li> Thomas Edison </Li> <Li> Films directed by William Kennedy Dickson </Li> <Li> Films shot in New Jersey </Li> <Li> 1890s documentary films </Li> <Li> Black - and - white documentary films </Li> <Li> United States National Film Registry films </Li> <Li> Edison Manufacturing Company films </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing video clips </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Български </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Qaraqalpaqsha </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 29 December 2017 , at 07 : 19 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The inventor who co-created the film "Fred Ott's Sneeze" was Thomas

This inventor co-created the film fred ott’s sneeze?

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remix . </P> <P> Disc jockey Tom Clay was working at radio station KGBS in Los Angeles , California , when he created the single `` What the World Needs Now is Love / Abraham , Martin and John '' , a social commentary that became a surprise hit record that summer . </P> <P> The song begins with a man asking a young boy to define such words as bigotry , segregation , and hatred ( to which the boy says he does n't know ) ; he says that prejudice is `` when someone 's sick '' . Following that is a soundbite of a drill sergeant leading a platoon into training , along with gunfire sound effects , after which are snippets of the two songs -- both as recorded by The Blackberries , a session recording group . Interspersed are excerpts of speeches by John F. Kennedy , Robert F. Kennedy , the eulogy ( given by Ted Kennedy ) after Robert 's assassination , and Martin Luther King , Jr. , and soundbites of news coverage of each one 's assassination . The ending of the song is a reprise of the introduction . </P> <P> `` What the World Needs Now is Love / Abraham , Martin and John '' rose to No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1971 , and was Clay 's only Top 40 hit . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` What the World Needs Now is Love '' has been used in many film soundtracks , notably Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and For the Love of Fred ( used as the film 's closing theme song in both ) , Austin Powers : International Man of Mystery , My Best Friend 's Wedding , Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason , Hot Shots ! , Happy Gilmore , and Forrest Gump . In the Danish zodiac porn comedy I Jomfruens tegn ( 1973 ) , an extended version is used for the hardcore underwater orgy that ends the film . </P> <Ul> <Li> In April 1968 , Cilla Black released a rendition of the song on her third studio album Sher - oo ! which was a Top 10 hit on the UK album chart . </Li> <Li> In June 1968 , following the shooting of Robert Kennedy but before he died ( approximately 26 hours ) , the Jackie DeShannon version was played over and over on Los Angeles radio stations as an audio vigil . This also continued for a few days following his death . </Li> <Li> The first few notes of the song have also been used as a toteboard cue for the annual Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon . </Li> <Li> A recording by Des O'Connor featured in episode # 3.1 ( `` The Early Birds '' ) of The Good Life . </Li> <Li> A shortened version of the title is used in a biography of Burt Bacharach and Hal David by Robin Platts . </Li> <Li> It was featured in the fourth season of Beverly Hills , 90210 , in the episode `` Twenty Years Ago Today '' . </Li> <Li> In the Philippines , it was also used as the theme song of an event dubbed as Close - Up Lovapalooza to break the record of most people kissing simultaneously in 10 seconds to celebrate Valentine 's Day . </Li> <Li> Jessica Mauboy sang `` What the World Needs Now Is Love '' on Australian Idol in 2006 . </Li> <Li> American experimental band Mr. Bungle covered the song live at least twice in 2000 . </Li> <Li> Alec Baldwin sang a part of the song in the episode `` Somebody to Love '' of 30 Rock while playing a piano , as his soon to be lover CC walked down the stairs at the party which they met . </Li> <Li> It was a top 5 song in American Idol season 2 in 2003 . </Li> <Li> Two versions of the song , one performed by Burt Bacharach himself , were played near the end of the film Austin Powers in Goldmember . </Li> <Li> The song was covered by Jad Fair and Daniel Johnston on the album It 's Spooky , with revised lyrics , referencing crack houses and Satanism . </Li> <Li> Andy Fletcher of Depeche Mode used to play it as the last song for his DJ sets in 2004 . </Li> <Li> The song was used as the unofficial theme tune of the improvised BBC One drama series True Love ( TV series ) , being played at the beginning of the episode , and at the end when the credits rolled . </Li> <Li> In 2010 , Connecticut musician Michael Occhionero used the song during the fade out of his song `` Hey ! Mr . '' , which includes samples of `` Paperback Writer '' and `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' . </Li> <Li> In 2013 Australia 's Got Talent R&B soul singer Leon Lee performed his rendition of the song which received a lot of praises from all judges on the show . </Li> <Li> On July 7 , 2014 , SiriusXM 's Ron and Fez show opened with the cast singing the song in a sarcastic manner to support recently fired co-worker , Anthony Cumia who was terminated on allegations of racism . </Li> <Li> The cast of Glee covered the song in the sixth episode of their sixth season , `` What The World Needs Now '' . They serenaded characters Santana and Brittany in an attempt to support their upcoming wedding . </Li> <Li> Pop Idol winner Will Young covered the song in late 2015 as part of a World Wildlife Foundation Awareness campaign . </Li> <Li> On July 27 , 2016 , an all - star ensemble of Broadway vocalists performed the song at the 2016 Democratic National Convention , as a protest against gun violence . </Li> <Li> On March 24 , 2017 , the song was added and recorded by Missi Hale for the film The Boss Baby . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Quotation ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song contains the memorable lines : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` What the world needs now is love , sweet love </Dd> <Dd> It 's the only thing that there 's just too little of ... `` . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The song builds upon the theme of `` Stowaway in the Sky '' , composed in 1960 by Jean Prodromidès for the film of the same title . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits : Eighth Edition . Record Research . p. 174 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 2010 - 11 - 30 . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Burt Bacharach interviewed on the Pop Chronicles ( 1969 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Are You Ready For This reissue liner notes </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Broadway For Orlando -- Broadway Records '' . Broadwayrecords.com. 2016 - 07 - 25 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andrew Hamilton . `` Tom Clay Biography & History '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Answers.com -- Tom Clay '' . Answers.com . Retrieved 25 September 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel , Top Pop Singles : 1955 -- 2006 , 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I JOMFRUENS TEGN : Review '' . Uncut.dk . Retrieved 25 September 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ron & Fez : Ron Briefly Discusses Anthony 's Firing ( 07 / 07 / 14 ) '' . YouTube . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` '' Stowaway in the Sky `` , by Jean Prodromidès , arranged by Nelson Riddle '' . YouTube . Retrieved 21 September 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Bibliography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Platts , Robin ( 2003 ) Burt Bacharach & Hal David : What the World Needs Now , Collector 's Guide Publishing , ISBN 1 - 896522 - 77 - 7 </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hal David Recollections . Accessed June 2007 . </Li> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> <Li> Songfacts Accessed July 2008 </Li> <Li> Jackie de Shannon Discography , Accessed July 2008 </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Burt Bacharach </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hit Maker ! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits </Li> <Li> Woman </Li> <Li> Painted from Memory ( with Elvis Costello ) </Li> <Li> At This Time </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film scores </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> What 's New Pussycat ? </Li> <Li> After the Fox </Li> <Li> Casino Royale </Li> <Li> Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid </Li> <Li> Lost Horizon </Li> <Li> Arthur </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compositions </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> A-M </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Alfie '' </Li> <Li> `` Another Tear Falls '' </Li> <Li> `` Any Day Now '' </Li> <Li> `` Anyone Who Had a Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Are You There ( With Another Girl ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Arthur 's Theme ( Best That You Can Do ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Baby It 's You '' </Li> <Li> `` Back at You '' </Li> <Li> `` Blue Guitar '' </Li> <Li> `` Blue on Blue '' </Li> <Li> `` Do You Know the Way to San Jose '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Make Me Over '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Say Goodbye Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't You Believe It '' </Li> <Li> `` God Give Me Strength '' </Li> <Li> `` Heartlight '' </Li> <Li> `` A House Is Not a Home '' </Li> <Li> `` I Just Do n't Know What to Do with Myself '' </Li> <Li> `` I Say a Little Prayer '' </Li> <Li> `` I Want You '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Never Fall in Love Again '' </Li> <Li> `` Living Together , Growing Together '' </Li> <Li> `` Long Ago Tomorrow '' </Li> <Li> `` The Look of Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Love Power '' </Li> <Li> `` Magic Moments '' </Li> <Li> `` Make It Easy on Yourself '' </Li> <Li> `` Making Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Message to Michael '' </Li> <Li> `` My Little Red Book '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> N-Z </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` On My Own '' </Li> <Li> `` One Less Bell to Answer '' </Li> <Li> `` Only Love Can Break a Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Please Stay '' </Li> <Li> `` Rain on Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Raindrops Keep Fallin ' on My Head '' </Li> <Li> `` Reach Out for Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Slow Jamz '' </Li> <Li> `` The Story of My Life '' </Li> <Li> `` That 's What Friends Are For '' </Li> <Li> `` ( There 's ) Always Something There to Remind Me '' </Li> <Li> `` ( They Long to Be ) Close to You '' </Li> <Li> `` This Guy 's in Love with You '' </Li> <Li> `` Three Wheels on My Wagon '' </Li> <Li> `` Tower of Strength '' </Li> <Li> `` Trains and Boats and Planes '' </Li> <Li> `` Turkey Lurkey Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa '' </Li> <Li> `` Walk On By '' </Li> <Li> `` What the World Needs Now Is Love '' </Li> <Li> `` What 's New Pussycat ? '' </Li> <Li> `` The Windows of the World '' </Li> <Li> `` Wishin ' and Hopin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Wives and Lovers ''

In the movie Boss Baby, the song "What the World Needs Now" is sung by

Who sings what the world needs now in boss baby?

1414110526098556415

Different Drum - wikipedia <H1> Different Drum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song written by Michael Nesmith . For the Linda Ronstadt album , see Different Drum ( album ) . For the record label , see A Different Drum . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Different Drum '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Evergreen , Volume 2 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` I 've Got to Know '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> September 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Baroque rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mike Nesmith </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Nick Venet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` One for One '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Different Drum '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Up to My Neck in High Muddy Water '' ( 1968 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` One for One '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Different Drum '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Up to My Neck in High Muddy Water '' ( 1968 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Different Drum '' is a song written by Mike Nesmith in 1965 and originally recorded by the northern bluegrass band the Greenbriar Boys and included on their 1966 album , Better Late than Never ! . </P> <P> The song first became popular in 1967 when recorded by the Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt , who took their version of `` Different Drum '' to # 12 on the Cash Box Top 100 , # 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , and # 16 in Record World magazine . The song did best in New Zealand , where it reached # 5 . In 1972 , Nesmith recorded his own version of his song . `` Different Drum '' has since been covered by other artists over the years . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Mike Nesmith version </Li> <Li> 2 The Stone Poneys version </Li> <Li> 3 Chart history <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Other versions </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Mike Nesmith version ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song reached a wider audience when Mike Nesmith rushed through a version of it in a comedy bit while pretending to be Billy Roy Hodstetter , in the Monkees television show episode `` Too Many Girls '' , which aired in December 1966 . Davy Jones mentions this during the commentary track on some DVDs of this episode . </P> <P> The song tells of a pair of lovers , one of who wants to settle down , while the other wants to retain a sense of freedom and independence . Its narrator is the lover who wants to remain free , telling the other that `` we 'll both live a lot longer '' if they part ways now . </P> <P> Nesmith later rerecorded the song for his 1972 LP And the Hits Just Keep on Comin ' . His version contains four verses , as opposed to the three in Ronstadt 's version . </P> <H2> The Stone Poneys version ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is best known for the 1967 version credited to the Stone Poneys featuring a vocal performance by a young and up - and - coming singer named Linda Ronstadt . The song was Ronstadt 's first hit single , reaching number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as number 12 on the Cash Box magazine singles chart . ( It went to number 1 in the Los Angeles market and number 6 in Detroit . ) Ronstadt 's version flips the gender references in Nesmith 's original lyrics , replacing `` girl '' with `` boy '' when describing her lover , but still referring to him being `` pretty '' . The Stone Poneys had initially intended to record an `` acoustic ballad version '' of the song , but producer Nick Venet opted for a more complex instrumental approach , using an arrangement by Jimmy Bond ( who also played bass ) , guitarist Al Viola , drummer Jim Gordon , strings led by Sid Sharp , and harpsichord played in baroque style ( and largely improvised during the recording ) by Don Randi . As a result , Ronstadt was the only member of the Stone Poneys who actually performed on the record . The album rendition offers a different stereo mix than the hit single , including a longer harpsichord bridge . Ronstadt later commented that she had been surprised and `` completely confused '' by the changed approach to the song , and that even years later she perceived `` fear and a lack of confidence '' in her performance . Nesmith , on the other hand , said that Ronstadt 's performance of his song `` infused it with a new level of passion and sensuality '' . In later live performances of the song , Nesmith would often sing the closing verse in the same singing style as the Ronstadt version . </P> <H2> Chart history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1967 - 68 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( Go - Set ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Listener ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1968 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US ( Joel Whitburn 's Pop Annual ) </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song has been covered by many artists . </P> <Ul> <Li> The Poppy Family with Susan Jacks </Li> <Li> Pete Burns </Li> <Li> Flying Emus </Li> <Li> Susanna Hoffs with Matthew Sweet </Li> <Li> The Jayhawks </Li> <Li> The Lemonheads </Li> <Li> Me First and the Gimme Gimmes </Li> <Li> The Pastels </Li> <Li> Victoria Shaw </Li> <Li> Sara Watkins </Li> <Li> Paul Westerberg </Li> <Li> P.P. Arnold </Li> <Li> Gina Jeffreys </Li> <Li> La Sera </Li> <Li> The Lennon Sisters </Li> <Li> Skeeter Davis </Li> <Li> Carrie Underwood </Li> <Li> Sarah White </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Gendron , Bernard ( 2002 ) . Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club : Popular Music and the Avant - Garde . University of Chicago Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 226 - 28737 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand , 15 March 1968 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Too Many Girls '' . The Monkees . Season 1 . Episode 15 . 1966 - 12 - 19 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Show 44 - Revolt of the Fat Angel : Some samples of the Los Angeles sound . ( Part 4 ) : UNT Digital Library </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ CMT.com : Linda Ronstadt : Biography </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Marc Myers , `` Linda Ronstadt 's ' Different Drum ' : She and songwriter Michael Nesmith talk about her first hit '' , The Wall Street Journal , October 31 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Go - Set National Top 40 , 21 February 1968 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Collectionscanada.gc.ca . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand , 15 March 1968 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 - 1990 - ISBN 0 - 89820 - 089 - X </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles , February 3 , 1968 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Go - Set Magazine Charts '' . www.poparchives.com.au . Barry McKay . January 2007 . Retrieved 10 July 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 1999 ) . Pop Annual . Menomonee Falls , Wisconsin : Record Research Inc . ISBN 0 - 89820 - 142 - X . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Linda Ronstadt and The Stone Poneys Alternate take on Different Drum </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Linda Ronstadt </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stone Poneys albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt </Li> <Li> Evergreen , Volume 2 </Li> <Li> Linda Ronstadt , Stone Poneys and Friends , Vol . III </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hand Sown ... Home Grown </Li> <Li> Silk Purse </Li> <Li> Linda Ronstadt </Li> <Li> Do n't Cry Now </Li> <Li> Heart Like a Wheel </Li> <Li> Prisoner in Disguise </Li> <Li> Hasten Down the Wind </Li> <Li> Simple Dreams </Li> <Li> Living in the USA </Li> <Li> Mad Love </Li> <Li> Get Closer </Li> <Li> What 's New </Li> <Li> Lush Life </Li> <Li> For Sentimental Reasons </Li> <Li> Canciones de Mi Padre </Li> <Li> Cry Like a Rainstorm , Howl Like the Wind </Li> <Li> Mas Canciones </Li> <Li> Frenesí </Li> <Li> Winter Light </Li> <Li> Feels Like Home </Li> <Li> Dedicated to the One I Love </Li> <Li> We Ran </Li> <Li> A Merry Little Christmas </Li> <Li> Hummin ' to Myself </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Collaborations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Trio </Li> <Li> Santiago </Li> <Li> Trio II </Li> <Li> Western Wall : The Tucson Sessions </Li> <Li> Adieu False Heart </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Different Drum </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits , Volume 2 </Li> <Li> The Very Best of Linda Ronstadt </Li> <Li> Mi Jardin Azul : Las Canciones Favoritas </Li> <Li> Duets </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hit singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Different Drum '' </Li> <Li> `` Long , Long Time '' </Li> <Li> `` You 're No Good '' </Li> <Li> `` When Will I Be Loved '' </Li> <Li> `` Heat Wave '' </Li> <Li> `` Love Is a Rose '' </Li> <Li> `` The Tracks of My Tears '' </Li> <Li> `` That 'll Be the Day '' </Li> <Li> `` Blue Bayou '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's So Easy '' </Li> <Li> `` Poor Poor Pitiful Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Tumbling Dice '' </Li> <Li> `` Back in the U.S.A. '' </Li> <Li> `` Ooh Baby Baby '' </Li> <Li> `` Just One Look '' </Li> <Li> `` Alison '' </Li> <Li> `` How Do I Make You '' </Li> <Li> `` Hurt So Bad '' </Li> <Li> `` I Ca n't Let Go '' </Li> <Li> `` I Knew You When '' </Li> <Li> `` What 's New ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Somewhere Out There </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Know Much '' </Li> <Li> `` All My Life '' </Li> <Li> `` When Something Is Wrong With My Baby '' </Li> <Li> `` Walk On '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Mr. Plow </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Book

The song "You and I Travel to the Beat of a Different Drum" was sung by

Who sang you and i travel to the beat of a different drum?

-7627363632917466497

Standing rules of the United States Senate - wikipedia <H1> Standing rules of the United States Senate </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States Senate </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> History of the United States Senate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Current members <Ul> <Li> ( by seniority </Li> <Li> by class ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Former members </Li> <Li> Hill committees <Ul> <Li> ( DSCC </Li> <Li> NRSC ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> United States Vice President ( list ) </Li> <Li> President Pro Tempore ( list ) </Li> <Li> Presiding officer </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Party leaders </Li> <Li> Party leadership of the United States Senate </Li> <Li> Democratic Caucus </Li> <Li> Republican Conference </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics and procedure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Advice and consent </Li> <Li> Blue slip </Li> <Li> Closed session ( list ) </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Cloture </Li> <Li> Committees ( list ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Executive session </Li> <Li> Morning business </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Filibuster </Li> <Li> Nuclear option </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Recess appointment </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Quorum </Li> <Li> Quorum call </Li> <Li> Salaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Saxbe fix </Li> <Li> Seal </Li> <Li> Holds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Senatorial courtesy </Li> <Li> Standing Rules </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Traditions </Li> <Li> Unanimous consent </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Vice Presidents ' tie - breaking votes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Places </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States Capitol </Li> <Li> Senate chamber </Li> <Li> Senate Reception Room </Li> <Li> Senate office buildings <Ul> <Li> ( Dirksen </Li> <Li> Hart </Li> <Li> Russell ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure . The Senate 's power to establish rules derives from Article One , Section 5 of the United States Constitution : `` Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings ... '' </P> <P> There are currently 44 rules , with the latest revision having been adopted on January 24 , 2013 . ( The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 lobbying reform bill introduces a 44th rule on earmarks ) . The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent . </P> <P> The Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business . Under the rules and customs of the Senate , a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise . Any senator may request a quorum call by `` suggesting the absence of a quorum '' ; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present . In practice , senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum , but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session . Such a delay may serve one of many purposes ; often , it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow Senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity . Once the need for a delay has ended , any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call . </P> <P> During debates , senators may only speak if called upon by the presiding officer . The presiding officer is , however , required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak . Thus , the presiding officer has little control over the course of debate . Customarily , the Majority Leader and Minority Leader are accorded priority during debates , even if another senator rises first . All speeches must be addressed to the presiding officer , using the words `` Mr. President '' or `` Madam President . '' Only the presiding officer may be directly addressed in speeches ; other Members must be referred to in the third person . In most cases , senators do not refer to each other by name , but by state , using forms such as `` the senior senator from Virginia '' or `` the junior senator from California . '' </P> <P> There are very few restrictions on the content of speeches ; there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate . </P> <P> The Standing Rules of the United States Senate provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day . ( A legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and ends with adjournment ; hence , it does not necessarily coincide with the calendar day . ) The length of these speeches is not limited by the rules ; thus , in most cases , senators may speak for as long as they please . Often , the Senate adopts unanimous consent agreements imposing time limits . In other cases ( for example , for the Budget process ) , limits are imposed by statute . In general , however , the right to unlimited debate is preserved . </P> <P> The filibuster is an obstructionary tactic used to defeat bills and motions by prolonging debate indefinitely . A filibuster may entail , but does not actually require , long speeches , dilatory motions , and an extensive series of proposed amendments . The longest filibuster speech in the history of the Senate was delivered by Strom Thurmond , who spoke for over twenty - four hours in an unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 . The Senate may end a filibuster by invoking cloture . In most cases , cloture requires the support of three - fifths of the Senate ; however , if the matter before the Senate involves changing the rules of the body , a two - thirds majority is required . Cloture is invoked very rarely , particularly because bipartisan support is usually necessary to obtain the required supermajority . If the Senate does invoke cloture , debate does not end immediately ; instead , further debate is limited to thirty additional hours unless increased by another three - fifths vote . </P> <P> When debate concludes , the motion in question is put to a vote . In many cases , the Senate votes by voice vote ; the presiding officer puts the question , and Members respond either `` Aye ! '' ( in favor of the motion ) or `` No ! '' ( against the motion ) . The presiding officer then announces the result of the voice vote . Any senator , however , may challenge the presiding officer 's assessment and request a recorded vote . The request may be granted only if it is seconded by one - fifth of the senators present . In practice , however , senators second requests for recorded votes as a matter of courtesy . When a recorded vote is held , the clerk calls the roll of the Senate in alphabetical order ; each senator responds when his or her name is called . Senators who miss the roll call may still cast a vote as long as the recorded vote remains open . The vote is closed at the discretion of the presiding officer , but must remain open for a minimum of 15 minutes . If the vote is tied , the Vice President , if present , is entitled to a casting vote . If the Vice President is not present , however , the motion is resolved in the negative . </P> <P> On occasion , the Senate may go into what is called a secret , or closed session . During a closed session , the chamber doors are closed , and the galleries are completely cleared of anyone not sworn to secrecy , not instructed in the rules of the closed session , or not essential to the session . Closed sessions are quite rare , and are usually held only under certain circumstances where the Senate is discussing sensitive subject - matter such as information critical to national security , private communications from the President , or even to discuss Senate deliberations during impeachment trials . Any Senator has the right to call a closed session as long as the motion is seconded . </P> <P> Budget bills are governed under a special rule process called `` Reconciliation '' that disallows filibusters . Reconciliation was devised in 1974 but came into use in the early 1980s . </P> <H2> The rules by number ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Standing Rules of the Senate detail the rules of order of the United States Senate . The latest version was adopted on April 27 , 2000 and comprises the following 43 rules . The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduces a 44th rule on earmarks . </P> <Ol> <Li> SR Rule I : Appointment of a Senator to the Chair </Li> <Li> SR Rule II : Presentation of Credentials and Questions of Privilege </Li> <Li> SR Rule III : Oaths </Li> <Li> SR Rule IV : Commencement of Daily Sessions </Li> <Li> SR Rule V : Suspension and Amendment of the Rules </Li> <Li> SR Rule VI : Quorum - Absent Senators May Be Sent For </Li> <Li> SR Rule VII : Morning Business </Li> <Li> SR Rule VIII : Order of Business </Li> <Li> SR Rule IX : Messages </Li> <Li> SR Rule X : Special Orders </Li> <Li> SR Rule XI : Papers - Withdrawal , Printing , Reading of , and Reference </Li> <Li> SR Rule XII : Voting Procedure </Li> <Li> SR Rule XIII : Reconsideration </Li> <Li> SR Rule XIV : Joint Resolutions , and Preambles Thereto </Li> <Li> SR Rule XV : Amendments and Resolutions </Li> <Li> SR Rule XVI : Appropriations and Amendments to General Appropriation Bills </Li> <Li> SR Rule XVII : Reference to Committees ; Motions to Discharge ; Reports of Committees ; and Hearings Available </Li> <Li> SR Rule XVIII : Business Continued from Session to Session </Li> <Li> SR Rule XIX : Debate </Li> <Li> SR Rule XX : Questions for Order </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXI : Session with Closed Doors </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXII : Precedence of Motions </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXIII : Privilege of the Floor </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXIV : Appointments of Committee </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXV : Standing Committees </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXVI : Committee Procedure </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXVII : Committee Staff </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXVIII : Conference Committees ; Reports ; Open Meetings </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXIX : Executive Sessions </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXX : Executive Session - Proceedings on Treaties </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXI : Executive Session - Proceedings on Nominations </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXII : The President Furnished with Copies of Record Executive Sessions </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXIII : Senate Chamber - Senate Wing of the Capitol </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXIV : Public Financial Disclosure </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXV : Gifts </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXVI : Outside Earned Income </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXVII : Conflict of Interest </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXVIII : Prohibition of Unofficial Office Accounts </Li> <Li> SR Rule XXXIX : Foreign Travel </Li> <Li> SR Rule XL : Franking Privilege and Radio and Television Studios </Li> <Li> SR Rule XLI : Political Fund Activity ; Definitions </Li> <Li> SR Rule XLII : Employment Practices </Li> <Li> SR Rule XLIII : Representation by Members </Li> <Li> SR Rule XLIV : Congressionally Directed Spending and Related Items </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-113sres16ats/pdf/BILLS-113sres16ats.pdf </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links

The rules of the US House and US Senate are determined by the

Who determines the rules of the us house and us senate?

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Andrews Clark . Clark enlisted Utah 's U.S. Senator and mining magnate Thomas Kearns to ensure the line 's completion through Utah to Las Vegas . The State Land Act of 1885 offered land at $1.25 per acre ( $3.09 / hectare ) . Clark and Kearns promoted the area to American farmers who quickly expanded the farming plots of the areas . Not until 1895 did the first large - scale migration of Mormons begin in the area , at long last fulfilling Brigham Young 's early dream . Through wells and arid irrigation , agriculture became the primary industry for the next 20 years and in return for his development , the farmers named the area Clark County in honor of the railroad tycoon and Senator . </P> <H2> 1905 -- 1929 : birth , growth and crisis ( edit ) </H2> St. Joan of Arc Catholic Church near 4th and Bridger in downtown was founded in 1910 . <P> By the early 20th century , wells piped water into the town , providing both a reliable source of fresh water and the means for additional growth . The increased availability of water in the area allowed Las Vegas to become a water stop , first for wagon trains and later railroads , on the trail between Los Angeles , California , and points east such as Albuquerque , New Mexico . </P> <P> The San Pedro , Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad was completed in 1905 , linking Salt Lake City to southern California . U.S. Senator William Andrews Clark was the majority owner of the railroad , which was a corporation based in Utah . Among its original incorporators were Utah 's U.S. Senator Thomas Kearns and his business partner David Keith . Kearns , one of the richest and most powerful men in Utah , and Keith were the owners of Utah 's Silver King Coalition Mine , several mines in Nevada and The Salt Lake Tribune newspaper . Kearns and Keith helped Clark ensure the success of the new railroad across Utah and into Nevada to California . Curiously , for a time there were two towns named Las Vegas . The east - side of Las Vegas ( which encompassed the modern Main Street and Las Vegas Boulevard ) was owned by Clark , and the west - side Las Vegas ( which encompassed the area north of modern - day Bonanza Road ) was owned by J.T. McWilliams , who was hired by the Stewart family during the sale of the Las Vegas Rancho and bought available land west of the ranch . It was from their property that Las Vegas took form . </P> <P> Clark subsequently built another railroad branching off from Las Vegas to the boomtown of Bullfrog called the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad . With the revenue coming down both railways that intersected there , the area of Las Vegas was quickly growing . On May 15 , 1905 , Las Vegas officially was founded as a city , when 110 acres ( 45 ha ) , in what would later become downtown , were auctioned to ready buyers . Las Vegas was the driving force in the creation of Clark County , Nevada in 1909 and the city was incorporated in 1911 as a part of the county . The first mayor of Las Vegas was Peter Buol who served from 1911 - 1913 . </P> <P> Shortly after the city 's incorporation , the State of Nevada reluctantly became the last western state to outlaw gaming . This occurred at midnight , October 1 , 1910 , when a strict anti-gambling law became effective in Nevada . It even forbade the western custom of flipping a coin for the price of a drink . Nonetheless , Las Vegas had a diversified economy and a stable and prosperous business community , and therefore continued to grow until 1917 . In that year , a combination of economic influences and the redirection of resources by the federal government in support of the war effort forced the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad to declare bankruptcy . Although William Clark sold the remains of the company to the Union Pacific Railroad , a nationwide strike in 1922 left Las Vegas in a desperate state . </P> <H2> 1930 -- 1941 : Hoover dam and the first casinos ( edit ) </H2> Hoover Dam in 1942 <P> On July 3 , 1930 , President Herbert Hoover signed the appropriation bill for the Boulder Dam . The dam was later renamed the Hoover Dam during the Truman administration . Work started on the dam in 1931 and Las Vegas ' population swelled from around 5,000 citizens to 25,000 , with most of the newcomers looking for a job building the dam . However , the demographic of the work force consisting of males from across the country with no attachment to the area created a market for large scale entertainment . A combination of local Las Vegas business owners , and Mafia crime lords helped develop the casinos and showgirl theaters to entertain the largely male dam construction workers . </P> <P> Despite the influx of known crime figures , the local business community tried to cast Las Vegas in a respectable light when the Secretary of the Interior Ray Lyman Wilbur visited in 1929 to inspect the dam site . However a subordinate was found with alcohol on his breath ( this was during the time of Prohibition ) after a visit to Block 16 in Las Vegas . The government ultimately decided that a federal - controlled town , Boulder City , would be erected for the dam workers . </P> <P> Realizing that gambling would be profitable for local business , the Nevada state legislature legalized gambling at the local level in 1931 . Las Vegas , with a small but already well - established illegal gambling industry , was poised to begin its rise as the gaming capital of the world . The county issued the first gambling license in 1931 to the Northern Club , and soon other casinos were licensed on Fremont Street like the Las Vegas Club and the Apache Hotel . Fremont Street became the first paved street in Las Vegas and received the city 's first traffic light in 1931 . </P> <P> In reply , the federal government restricted movement of the dam workers to Las Vegas . Smuggling and circuitous routes then were developed . In 1934 , to curtail these activities and the resulting growth of criminal figures in the gambling industry , the city 's leading figures purged gambling dens and started an effort to stem the flow of workers from the dam . This only emboldened some dam workers who still contrived to visit Las Vegas . A celebration of this era has become known as Helldorado Days . </P> <P> Although the suppression efforts resulted in declines at gambling venues and resulted in a business downturn , the city was recharged -- both literally and figuratively -- when the dam was completed in 1935 . In 1937 , Southern Nevada Power became the first utility to supply power from the dam , and Las Vegas was its first customer . Electricity flowed into Las Vegas and Fremont Street became known as Glitter Gulch due to the many bright lights powered by electricity from Hoover Dam . Meanwhile , although the dam worker population disappeared , Hoover Dam and its reservoir , Lake Mead , turned into tourist attractions on their own and the need for additional higher class hotels became clear . </P> <P> In 1940 , U.S. Route 95 was finally extended south into Las Vegas , giving the city two major access roads . Also in 1940 Las Vegas 's first permanent radio station , KENO , began broadcasting replacing the niche occupied earlier by transient broadcasters . </P> <H2> 1941 -- 1945 war years ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Las Vegas in the 1940s <P> On January 25 , 1941 the U.S. Army established a flexible gunnery school for the United States Army Air Corps in Las Vegas . Mayor John L. Russell signed over land to the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps for this development . The gunnery school later would become Nellis Air Force Base . The U.S. Army was not pleased with the legal prostitution in Las Vegas and in 1942 forced Las Vegas to outlaw the practice , putting Block 16 , the local red light district permanently out of business . </P> <P> On April 3 , 1941 , hotel owner Thomas Hull opened the El Rancho Vegas . It was the first resort on what would become the Las Vegas Strip . The hotel gained much of its fame from the gourmet buffet that it offered . On October 30 , 1942 , Texas cinema magnate R.E. Griffith rebuilt on the site of a nightclub called Pair - O - Dice , that first opened in 1930 , and renamed it Hotel Last Frontier . A few more resorts were built on and around Fremont Street , but it was the next hotel on the Strip that publicly demonstrated the influence of organized crime on Las Vegas . </P> <P> Although ethnic organized crime figures had been involved in some of the operations at the hotels , the Mafia bosses never owned or controlled the hotels and clubs which remained monopolized by hard - bitten local Las Vegas families who were unwilling to cede ground to the crime bosses and proved strong enough to push back . This changed in post-war Las Vegas when Jewish gangster Bugsy Siegel , with help from friend and fellow mob boss Meyer Lansky , poured money through Mormon - owned banks for cover of legitimacy and built The Flamingo in 1946 . Siegel modeled his enterprises on the long - running gambling empire in Galveston , Texas , which had pioneered the high - class casino concepts that became mainstays on the Strip . </P> <H2> 1946 -- 1955 : post-war boom ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Las Vegas in the 1940s and Las Vegas in the 1950s <P> The Flamingo initially lost money and Siegel died in a hail of gunfire in Beverly Hills , California in the summer of 1947 . Additionally , local police and Clark County Sheriff deputies were notorious for their heavy - handed tactics toward mobsters who `` grew too big for their pants . '' However , many mobsters saw the potential that gambling offered in Las Vegas . From 1952 to 1957 , through money and institutional lending provided by the Teamsters Union and some Mormon bankers they built the Sahara , the Sands , the New Frontier , the Royal Nevada , the Showboat , The Riviera , The Fremont , Binion 's Horseshoe ( which was the Apache Hotel ) , and finally The Tropicana . </P> <P> Owned and operated by a joint combination of Mormon elders who provided political and business legitimacy and people involved with organized crime who provided unreported income and street muscle , such as Meyer Lansky , these crime hotels became regarded as the epitome of gambling entertainment . Even with the general knowledge that some of the owners of these casino resorts had dubious backgrounds , by 1954 , over 8 million people were visiting Las Vegas yearly pumping $200 million into casinos . Gambling was no longer the only attraction ; the biggest stars of films and music like Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin , Andy Williams , Liberace , Bing Crosby , Carol Channing , and others performed in intimate settings . After coming to see these stars , the tourists would resume gambling , and then eat at the gourmet buffets that have become a staple of the casino industry . </P> <P> However , the confluence of various marginal and / or suspected groups such as Jews , Sicilians , and Mormons into the gambling enterprises in Las Vegas and the subsequent cornering of the gambling market in the city by these groups sparked

Las Vegas became a gambling town in

When did las vegas become a gambling town?

520061723518195831

the challenger answers more questions correctly , they are able to steal a character from their opponent . If the challenger loses the challenge , they also lose the character they bet . If there is a tie , the defending player receives an extra question , in which the winner of the challenge is dependent on whether the defender answers the question correctly . </P> <P> A game is over after either one of the players obtains all 6 characters , making them the winner , or a total of 25 rounds have been played . A round is completed each time both players play their turns until they answer a question incorrectly . If 25 rounds are played and neither player has obtained all 6 characters , the player with the most characters will be the winner . If both players have the same number of characters , a 6 - question challenge will be presented to each player , and the winner will be the one that answers the most questions . If both players tie the challenge , the player that initially started the game will be the winner . </P> <P> It is possible for a given player to have multiple games in progress at a time . The app 's main screen will show the player which games are currently waiting for them to play their turn , which games are waiting for the other player to play their turn , finished games that the player won or lost , games awaiting a Facebook friend 's approval , or games a Facebook friend started that are awaiting the player 's approval . Each game will list the score , that is , how many characters the player has and how many their opponent has . </P> <P> When starting a game against a Facebook friend , the starting player will play their turns until they answer a question incorrectly , and the game will then be in a pending - approval status . Their Facebook - friend opponent can choose to accept or reject the game , and if they accept , game play continues normally until one of players obtains 6 characters or 25 rounds are completed . If a player chooses to start a game against a random opponent , the player will play their turn until they answer incorrectly , then will be randomly matched up with an opponent who has recently played his / her turns . If the starting player gets three characters without missing a question , the game will inform the player that they can not get more than three characters before the opponent has a chance to play . </P> <P> When a game 's turn is passed to a player ( from the opponent answering incorrectly ) , the game will wait up to 72 hours for that player to play their turn . If 72 hours pass and the player has not played his / her turns , the game will force the player to forfeit . </P> <P> A challenge mode is also available . The player names the challenge and then invites friends to play . This will cost the player who started the game a life and all friends who accept the challenges one too . Each player is given the same 12 questions , 2 from each category . The winner is the player who gets the most questions right in the quickest time . The winner gets a set number of coins based on how many players have accepted the challenge . </P> <H2> Free spins ( edit ) </H2> <P> A newly created player starts with 3 `` free spins . '' If a player spins the wheel and lands on a category they consider difficult , the player may use one of their free spins to spin the wheel again in the hopes of landing on a different category . If a player runs out of free spins , they can request more from their Facebook friends . Free spins are no longer purchaseable . </P> <H2> Power - ups and coins ( edit ) </H2> <P> The game makes three power - ups available ; three in the standard game and two in `` challenge mode , '' which players can use to help answer a question . Using a power - up costs coins , and each power - up costs a different amount . Coins can be obtained by either the player purchasing them , winning them in challenges / standard games , obtaining them by reaching certain game milestones , or by using a prize card from a gem machine . </P> <P> ( 1 . ) Bomb : Using this power - up `` blows away '' ( discards ) two randomly selected wrong answers , narrowing the player 's choices down to the correct answer and a remaining wrong answer . This power - up uses 480 coins . </P> <P> ( 2 . ) Double Chance : If this power - up is used before guessing an answer , the player gets a second chance to pick the correct answer should they answer incorrectly the first time . This power - up uses 240 coins . </P> <P> ( 3 . ) Skip : This allows the player to skip over a question to a new one in the same category . This power up uses 400 coins . </P> <P> In all cases , only one power - up can be used . Once a power - up is used , all power - ups are disabled until the player answers . If the player answers correctly , power - ups will be available for use for the next question . If the player answers incorrectly , power - ups will also be available in the next question , however whether or not the question is answered correctly , the cost and choice to use the power - up is final . </P> <H2> Lives ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Lives '' serve as a mechanism to throttle how often new games can be started , and also provide an in - app revenue opportunity for the developer . Each time a player starts a game by pressing the New Game button , or accepts a Facebook friend 's request to play against them , they are charged a Life . A player can have as many lives as they wish , and as they spend lives , the game will automatically replenish one life every hour , provided they are below 5 lives , until the player returns to a full charge of 5 lives . A heart icon on the app 's main screen shows how many lives the player currently has , and if they have less than 5 , a timer will also display that ticks down in real time to show how long until the next replenishment . If the player runs out of lives , they must wait for replenishment before they can start any new games or approve a new game started against them by a Facebook friend . A player who does not want to wait can either request lives from their Facebook friends , or can buy lives through an in - app purchase . </P> <P> When the app is updated , players are offered the opportunity to buy unlimited lives . </P> <P> Running out of lives does not affect games that are already in progress , and these games can continue to be played in the meantime when it becomes the player 's turn . </P> <P> A newly updated Trivia Crack allows players to replenish one life by watching a video . Watching ads are one of the ways this free mobile app makes money . </P> <H2> Freebies ( edit ) </H2> <P> A game update introduced freebies , where the player can collect free coins , lives , and gems . Initially , the player starts with 2 cards , which allows the player to collect 1 life and a coin . The game will then undergo a tutorial ( unless skipped by the user ) to claim another card for free . Answering 50 questions correctly ( they do not have to be consecutive ) awards the player with a gem , which they can spend to buy new cards . Cards are available in four rarities , Common , Aqua , Gold , and Black , and is representative of how great the card is . Three machines are available , using 1 Gem , 3 Gems , and 5 Gems per card . Machines do not have an unlimited number of cards ; a number above the ' Push ' button tells the user how many cards are remaining in the machine , and tapping the question mark beside the machine name will inform the user of how many of each rarity of card remains in the machine . Seasonal machines occasionally appear next to the three machines , and can be purchased at 1 or 2 Gems for the first card per day , then 5 Gems . In the mobile versions , a VIP machine is available , and only contains cards that the player has not yet acquired from seasonal machines , but the number of gems needed to obtain one of these cards does not stay the same , and increases in number as fewer cards remain in it . Duplicate cards can also be traded in with five duplicates giving a player per one gem in return for the exchange , with three trade - ins allowed every four hours . Once the player has collected the 5 obtainable cards in a set , the sixth card , a ' Prize Card ' , is unlocked , and is usually better than all of the other cards in the set . If the player has enough Gems , they can also opt to ' Push x9 ' , to get nine cards from that machine . During major holiday and sporting events , Trivia Crack offers special machines with special cards . These cards will give the players who have received all the other cards new chances for free prizes . Such holiday and sporting machines are New Years , Valentine 's Day , St. Patrick 's Day , Easter , Halloween and Christmas machines . Usually , Trivia Crack offers these machines to coincide with special Latin American themed or other world holidays such as Día de muertos and Chinese New Year . The Sporting machines involve both Winter and Summer Olympics and Soccer Tournaments . </P> <H2> Trivia Rush ( edit ) </H2> <P> A new game update introduced Trivia Rush , in which two players compete head - to - head in 5 questions for coins . A player chooses from 4 entry fees to compete with another player , then a computer - controlled wheel will choose a category for a question . The two players then compete to answer the questions - the winner is determined by the most questions correct out of 5 , and wins slightly less than double the entry fee . In case of a tie , half of the winning prize is refunded , making Trivia Rush unprofitable or very slightly profitable in the long run . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Trivia Crack ' the top download '' . Edmonton Sun . 16 December 2014 . Retrieved 19 December 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How A Trivia App Broke The Record For The Longest Streak At The Top Of The App Store '' . Business Insider . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 04 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Heim , Anna . `` How Latin American mobile game Trivia Crack conquered the US market '' . The Next Web . Retrieved 19 December 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` TriviaCrack.com website '' . Etermax . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Newcomb , Alyssa ( 31 December 2014

In Trivia Crack, lives are used to

What are the lives used for in trivia crack?

-5107559781320376096

List of highest paid Major League baseball players - Wikipedia <H1> List of highest paid Major League baseball players </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( January 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Alex Rodriguez earned the highest salary in MLB in 2013 at $29,000,000 . He also has the highest career earnings in MLB history . <P> The highest paid player in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from the 2013 season is New York Yankees ' third baseman Alex Rodriguez with an annual salary of $29,000,000 , $4 million higher than the second - highest paid player , Cliff Lee . MLB does not have a hard salary cap , instead employing a luxury tax which applies to teams whose total payroll exceeds certain set thresholds for a given season . Free agency did not exist in MLB prior to the end of the reserve clause in the 1970s , allowing owners before that time to wholly dictate the terms of player negotiations and resulting in significantly lower salaries . Babe Ruth , widely regarded as one of the greatest baseball players ever , earned an estimated $910,696 ( $14,341,967 inflation - adjusted from 1931 dollars ) over his entire playing career . When asked whether he thought he deserved to earn $80,000 a year ( $1,146,932 inflation - adjusted ) , while the president , Herbert Hoover , had a $75,000 salary , Ruth famously remarked , `` What the hell has Hoover got to do with it ? Besides , I had a better year than he did . '' </P> <P> Rodriguez has signed two record - breaking contracts over the course of his career . First , he signed a $252 million , 10 - year contract with the Texas Rangers in December 2000 ( $350,462,609 inflation - adjusted from 2000 dollars ) . Sandy Alderson called the deal `` stupefying '' , while Sports Illustrated noted that Rodriguez 's early salaries under the contract ( $21 million ) would be greater than the annual payroll of the entire Minnesota Twins team that year ( $15.8 million ) . The deal was the largest sports contract in history , doubling the total value of Kevin Garnett 's $126 million National Basketball Association contract ( the previous record holder ) and more than doubling Mike Hampton 's $121 million contract , the previous MLB record which had been signed just days before . The Rangers later traded Rodriguez to the Yankees in exchange for Alfonso Soriano before the 2004 season , though they agreed to pay $67 million of the $179 million outstanding on the contract . Despite this , he opted out of the remainder of his deal after the 2007 season and renegotiated a new $275 million , 10 - year agreement with the Yankees , breaking his own record for the largest sports contract . Under this deal , Rodriguez also receives $6 million each if and when he ties the career home run totals of Willie Mays ( 660 ) , Babe Ruth ( 714 ) , Hank Aaron ( 755 ) , and Barry Bonds ( 762 ) , along with another $6 million for breaking Bonds ' mark . </P> <P> First base was the highest paid position in 2010 ; regular starters at that position earned an average salary of $9,504,165 in compared to an overall average of $3,014,572 . Pitcher Nolan Ryan was the first player to earn an annual salary above $1 million , signing a $4.5 million , 4 - year contract with the Houston Astros in 1979 . Kirby Puckett and Rickey Henderson signed the first contracts which paid an average of $3 million a year in November 1989 , while 2010 was the first season where the MLB average salary rose above that same mark . Five of the twenty highest paid players in 2013 were members of the Yankees . Their team payroll for 2013 was $228,835,490 , roughly $12 million above the second - largest Los Angeles Dodgers . The Yankees have drawn criticism for their payroll , with some claiming it undermines the parity of MLB . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Key </Li> <Li> 2 Highest annual salaries in 2015 </Li> <Li> 3 Career earnings </Li> <Li> 4 Salary progression </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Key <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1B </Th> <Td> First baseman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2B </Th> <Td> Second baseman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 3B </Th> <Td> Third baseman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> SS </Th> <Td> Shortstop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> LF </Th> <Td> Left fielder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CF </Th> <Td> Center fielder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> RF </Th> <Td> Right fielder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Catcher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> SP </Th> <Td> Starting pitcher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> RP </Th> <Td> Relief pitcher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> DH </Th> <Td> Designated hitter </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Highest annual salaries in 2015 ( edit ) </H2> <P> This table refers to the salary for 2015 alone , not the overall average value of the contract . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) </Th> <Th> Salary </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clayton Kershaw </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> Los Angeles Dodgers </Td> <Td> $32,571,428 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Justin Verlander </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> Houston Astros </Td> <Td> $28,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ryan Howard </Td> <Td> 1B </Td> <Td> Philadelphia Phillies </Td> <Td> $25,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cliff Lee </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> Philadelphia Phillies </Td> <Td> $25,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zack Greinke </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> Los Angeles Dodgers </Td> <Td> $25,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Felix Hernandez </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> Seattle Mariners </Td> <Td> $24,907,142 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Albert Pujols </Td> <Td> 1B </Td> <Td> Los Angeles Angels </Td> <Td> $24,050,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prince Fielder </Td> <Td> DH </Td> <Td> Texas Rangers </Td> <Td> $24,050,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robinson Cano </Td> <Td> 2B </Td> <Td> Seattle Mariners </Td> <Td> $24,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mark Teixeira </Td> <Td> 1B </Td> <Td> New York Yankees </Td> <Td> $23,125,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career earnings ( edit ) </H2> Though retired since 2007 , Barry Bonds ' career earnings of over $188 million still ranks fourth highest overall in MLB history . <Dl> <Dd> Earnings up to date as of the end of the 2013 season . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Years </Th> <Th> Earnings </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rodriguez , Alex Alex Rodriguez </Th> <Td> Seattle Mariners Texas Rangers New York Yankees </Td> <Td> SS , 3B </Td> <Td> 1994 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> $353,416,252 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jeter , Derek Derek Jeter </Th> <Td> New York Yankees </Td> <Td> SS </Td> <Td> 1995 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> $253,159,364 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ramirez , Manny Manny Ramirez </Th> <Td> Cleveland Indians Boston Red Sox Los Angeles Dodgers Chicago White Sox Tampa Bay Rays </Td> <Td> LF </Td> <Td> 1993 -- 2011 </Td> <Td> $206,827,769 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bonds , Barry Barry Bonds </Th> <Td> Pittsburgh Pirates San Francisco Giants </Td> <Td> LF </Td> <Td> 1986 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> $188,245,322 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Johnson , Randy Randy Johnson </Th> <Td> Montreal Expos Seattle Mariners Houston Astros Arizona Diamondbacks New York Yankees San Francisco Giants </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 1988 -- 2009 </Td> <Td> $175,550,019 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivera , Mariano Mariano Rivera </Th> <Td> New York Yankees </Td> <Td> RP </Td> <Td> 1995 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> $169,441,825 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jones , Chipper Chipper Jones </Th> <Td> Atlanta Braves </Td> <Td> 3B </Td> <Td> 1993 -- 2012 </Td> <Td> $168,552,133 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sheffield , Gary Gary Sheffield </Th> <Td> Milwaukee Brewers San Diego Padres Florida Marlins Los Angeles Dodgers Atlanta Braves New York Yankees Detroit Tigers New York Mets </Td> <Td> RF </Td> <Td> 1988 -- 2009 </Td> <Td> $168,008,550 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Helton , Todd Todd Helton </Th> <Td> Colorado Rockies </Td> <Td> 1B </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> $161,490,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beltrán , Carlos Carlos Beltrán </Th> <Td> Kansas City Royals Houston Astros New York Mets San Francisco Giants St. Louis Cardinals <P> New York Yankees </P> <P> Houston Astros </P> </Td> <Td> CF , RF </Td> <Td> 1998 -- </Td> <Td> $160,952,782 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Santana , Johan Johan Santana </Th> <Td> Minnesota Twins New York Mets </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 2000 -- 2012 </Td> <Td> $155,997,269 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maddux , Greg Greg Maddux </Th> <Td> Chicago Cubs Atlanta Braves Los Angeles Dodgers San Diego Padres </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 1986 -- 2008 </Td> <Td> $153,845,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Suzuki , Ichiro Ichiro Suzuki </Th> <Td> Seattle Mariners New York Yankees </Td> <Td> RF </Td> <Td> 2001 -- </Td> <Td> $152,631,483 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Griffey , Jr. , Ken Ken Griffey , Jr . </Th> <Td> Seattle Mariners Cincinnati Reds Chicago White Sox </Td> <Td> CF </Td> <Td> 1988 -- 2010 </Td> <Td> $151,703,682 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Clemens , Roger Roger Clemens </Th> <Td> Boston Red Sox Toronto Blue Jays New York Yankees Houston Astros </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 1984 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> $150,601,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Halladay , Roy Roy Halladay </Th> <Td> Toronto Blue Jays Philadelphia Phillies </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 1998 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> $148,991,666 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hunter , Torii Torii Hunter </Th> <Td> Minnesota Twins Los Angeles Angels Detroit Tigers </Td> <Td> CF </Td> <Td> 1997 -- 2015 </Td> <Td> $146,555,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sabathia , CC CC Sabathia </Th> <Td> Cleveland Indians Milwaukee Brewers New York Yankees </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 2001 -- </Td> <Td> $146,357,142 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Delgado , Carlos Carlos Delgado </Th> <Td> Toronto Blue Jays Florida Marlins New York Mets </Td> <Td> 1B </Td> <Td> 1993 -- 2009 </Td> <Td> $146,299,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Martínez , Pedro Pedro Martínez </Th> <Td> Los Angeles Dodgers Montreal Expos Boston Red Sox New York Mets Philadelphia Phillies </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 1992 -- 2009 </Td> <Td> $146,259,585 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Salary Progression ( edit ) </H2> Nolan Ryan ( pictured ) became the first player to earn an average salary above $1 million in 1979 . Precisely 17 years later Albert Belle became the first player to average above $10 million a year . <Dl> <Dd> This list documents the progression of the highest average annual value contracts / contract extensions . </Dd> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Average annual salary </Th> <Th> Date signed </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Contract duration ( Years ) </Th> <Th> Ref ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> $ 01170000 ! 1,170,000 </Th> <Td> 01 ! November 19 , 1979 </Td> <Td> Ryan , Nolan Nolan Ryan </Td> <Td> Houston Astros </Td> <Td> SP </Td> <Td> 03 ! 3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> $ 02500000 ! 2,500,000 </Th> <Td> 02 ! December 15 , 1980 </Td> <Td> Winfield , Dave Dave Winfield </Td> <Td> New York Yankees </Td> <Td> RF </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> $ 02600000 ! 2,600,000 </Th> <Td> 03 ! September 4 , 1985 </Td> <Td> Murray , Eddie

The highest paid baseball player in the major leagues is

Who is the highest paid baseball player in the major leagues?

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2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami - Wikipedia <H1> 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` 2011 Miyagi earthquake '' redirects here . For the aftershock that occurred on 7 April , see April 2011 Miyagi earthquake . <Table> 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> An aerial view of the Sendai region with black smoke coming from the Nippon Oil refinery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tokyo Sendai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UTC time </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> USGS - ANSS </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 11 March 2011 ; 7 years ago ( 2011 - 03 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin time </Th> <Td> 14 : 46 : 24 JST ( UTC + 09 : 00 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Local date </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Local time </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> 6 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Magnitude </Th> <Td> 9.0 -- 9.1 ( M ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Depth </Th> <Td> 29 km ( 18 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Epicenter </Th> <Td> 38 ° 19 ′ 19 '' N 142 ° 22 ′ 08 '' E  /  38.322 ° N 142.369 ° E  / 38.322 ; 142.369 Coordinates : 38 ° 19 ′ 19 '' N 142 ° 22 ′ 08 '' E  /  38.322 ° N 142.369 ° E  / 38.322 ; 142.369 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Megathrust </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Areas affected </Th> <Td> Japan ( shaking , tsunami ) Pacific Rim ( tsunami ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total damage </Th> <Td> $360 billion USD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max . intensity </Th> <Td> IX ( Violent ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Peak acceleration </Th> <Td> 2.99 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Peak velocity </Th> <Td> 117.41 cm / s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tsunami </Th> <Td> Up to 40.5 m ( 133 ft ) in Miyako , Iwate , Tōhoku </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Landslides </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Foreshocks </Th> <Td> List of foreshocks and aftershocks of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aftershocks </Th> <Td> 11,450 ( as of 3 March 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Casualties </Th> <Td> 15,895 deaths , 6,156 injured , 2,539 people missing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Citations </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> * Deprecated </Th> <Td> See documentation . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku ( 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 , Tōhoku - chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin ) was a magnitude 9.0 -- 9.1 ( M ) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14 : 46 JST ( 05 : 46 UTC ) on Friday 11 March 2011 , with the epicentre approximately 70 kilometres ( 43 mi ) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 29 km ( 18 mi ) . The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan Earthquake ( 東日本 大震災 , Higashi nihon daishinsai ) and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake , and the 3.11 earthquake . It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan , and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record - keeping began in 1900 . The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that reached heights of up to 40.5 metres ( 133 ft ) in Miyako in Tōhoku 's Iwate Prefecture , and which , in the Sendai area , traveled up to 10 km ( 6 mi ) inland . The earthquake moved Honshu ( the main island of Japan ) 2.4 m ( 8 ft ) east , shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm ( 4 in ) and 25 cm ( 10 in ) , increased earth 's rotational speed by 1.8 μs per day , and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low - orbiting GOCE satellite . Initially , the earthquake caused sinking of part of Honshu 's Pacific coast by up to roughly a metre , but after about three years , the coast rose back and kept on rising to exceed the original height of the coast . </P> <P> The latest report from the Japanese National Police Agency report confirms 15,895 deaths , 6,156 injured , and 2,539 people missing across twenty prefectures , and a report from 2015 indicated 228,863 people were still living away from their home in either temporary housing or due to permanent relocation . A March 2018 agency report listed 121,776 buildings totally collapsed , with a further 280,923 buildings `` half collapsed '' , and another 726,574 buildings partially damaged . The earthquake and tsunami also caused extensive and severe structural damage in north - eastern Japan , including heavy damage to roads and railways as well as fires in many areas , and a dam collapse . Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said , `` In the 65 years after the end of World War II , this is the toughest and the most difficult crisis for Japan . '' Around 4.4 million households in northeastern Japan were left without electricity and 1.5 million without water . </P> <P> The tsunami caused nuclear accidents , primarily the level 7 meltdowns at three reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant complex , and the associated evacuation zones affecting hundreds of thousands of residents . Many electrical generators were taken down , and at least three nuclear reactors suffered explosions due to hydrogen gas that had built up within their outer containment buildings after cooling system failure resulting from the loss of electrical power . Residents within a 20 km ( 12 mi ) radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) radius of the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated . </P> <P> Early estimates placed insured losses from the earthquake alone at US $14.5 to $34.6 billion . The Bank of Japan offered ¥ 15 trillion ( US $183 billion ) to the banking system on 14 March in an effort to normalize market conditions . The World Bank 's estimated economic cost was US $235 billion , making it the costliest natural disaster in history . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Earthquake <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Geology </Li> <Li> 1.2 Energy </Li> <Li> 1.3 Geophysical effects </Li> <Li> 1.4 Aftershocks </Li> <Li> 1.5 Earthquake Warning System </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Tsunami <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Japan </Li> <Li> 2.2 Elsewhere across the Pacific </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Land subsidence </Li> <Li> 4 Casualties <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Japan </Li> <Li> 4.2 Overseas </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Damage and effects <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ports </Li> <Li> 5.2 Dams and water problems </Li> <Li> 5.3 Electricity </Li> <Li> 5.4 Oil , gas and coal </Li> <Li> 5.5 Nuclear power plants <Ul> <Li> 5.5. 1 Fukushima meltdowns </Li> <Li> 5.5. 2 Incidents elsewhere </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.6 Wind power </Li> <Li> 5.7 Transport </Li> <Li> 5.8 Telecommunications </Li> <Li> 5.9 Defense </Li> <Li> 5.10 Space center </Li> <Li> 5.11 Cultural properties </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 7 Humanitarian response </Li> <Li> 8 Media coverage </Li> <Li> 9 Scientific and research response </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Earthquake </H2> A seismogram recorded in Massachusetts , USA A visual depiction of the type of faulting that caused the main tremor , low - angle thrusting on a west - dipping fault plane <P> The 9.1 - magnitude ( M ) undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14 : 46 JST ( 05 : 46 UTC ) in the north - western Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 32 km ( 20 mi ) , with its epicenter approximately 72 km ( 45 mi ) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku , Japan , lasting approximately six minutes . The earthquake was initially reported as 7.9 M by the USGS before it was quickly upgraded to 8.8 M , then to 8.9 M , and then finally to 9.0 M. On 11 July 2016 , the USGS further upgraded the earthquake to 9.1 . Sendai was the nearest major city to the earthquake , 130 km ( 81 mi ) from the epicenter ; the earthquake occurred 373 km ( 232 mi ) from Tokyo . </P> <P> The main earthquake was preceded by a number of large foreshocks , with hundreds of aftershocks reported . One of the first major foreshocks was a 7.2 M event on 9 March , approximately 40 km ( 25 mi ) from the epicenter of 11 March earthquake , with another three on the same day in excess of 6.0 M. Following the main earthquake on 11 March , a 7.4 M aftershock was reported at 15 : 08 JST ( 6 : 06 UTC ) , succeeded by a 7.9 M at 15 : 15 JST ( 6 : 16 UTC ) and a 7.7 M at 15 : 26 JST ( 6 : 26 UTC ) . Over eight hundred aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 M or greater have occurred since the initial quake , including one on 26 October 2013 ( local time ) of magnitude 7.1 M. Aftershocks follow Omori 's law , which states that the rate of aftershocks declines with the reciprocal of the time since the main quake . The aftershocks will thus taper off in time , but could continue for years . </P> <H3> Geology </H3> Map of the Tōhoku earthquake and aftershocks on 11 -- 14 March Hypocentral region boundaries ( Source : The Japanese Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion ) <P> This megathrust earthquake was a recurrence of the mechanism of the earlier 869 Sanriku earthquake , which has been estimated as having a magnitude of at least 8.4 M , which also created a large tsunami that inundated the Sendai plain . Three tsunami deposits have been identified within the Holocene sequence of the plain , all formed within the last 3,000 years , suggesting an 800 to 1,100 year recurrence interval for large tsunamigenic earthquakes . In 2001 it was reckoned that there was a high likelihood of a large tsunami hitting the Sendai plain as more than 1,100 years had then elapsed . In 2007 , the probability of an earthquake with a magnitude of M 8.1 -- 8.3 was estimated as 99 % within the following 30 years . </P> <P> This earthquake occurred where the Pacific Plate is subducting under the plate beneath northern Honshu . The Pacific plate , which moves at a rate of 8 to 9 cm ( 3.1 to 3.5 in ) per year , dips under Honshu 's underlying plate , building large amounts of elastic energy . This motion pushes the upper plate down until the accumulated stress causes a seismic slip - rupture event . The break caused the sea floor to rise by several metres . A quake of this magnitude usually has a rupture length of at least 500 km ( 310 mi ) and generally requires a long , relatively straight fault surface . Because the plate boundary and subduction zone in the area of the Honshu rupture is not very straight , it is unusual for the magnitude of its earthquake to exceed 8.5 M ; the magnitude of this earthquake was a surprise to some seismologists . The hypocentral region of this earthquake extended from offshore Iwate Prefecture to offshore Ibaraki Prefecture . The Japanese Meteorological Agency said that the earthquake may have ruptured the fault zone from Iwate to Ibaraki with a length of 500 km ( 310 mi ) and a width of 200 km ( 120 mi ) . Analysis showed that this earthquake consisted of a set of three events

The tsunami that hit Japan reached a height of

How tall was the tsunami that hit japan?

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Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit - wikipedia <H1> Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the charisms listed in the New Testament , see spiritual gift . Stained glass symbolic representation of the Holy Spirit as a dove , c. 1660 . <P> The 7 gifts of the Holy Spirit is an enumeration of 7 spiritual gifts originating from patristic authors , later elaborated by five intellectual virtues and 4 other groups of ethical characteristics . They are : wisdom , understanding , counsel , fortitude , knowledge , piety , and fear of the Lord . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Book of Isaiah </Li> <Li> 2 In Christianity <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Roman Catholicism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 The seven gifts of Holy Spirit </Li> <Li> 4 Relation to the Virtues </Li> <Li> 5 Augustine </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Book of Isaiah ( edit ) </H2> Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit . Folio from Walters manuscript W. 171 ( 15th century ) <P> The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah 11 : 1 - 2 , where the Biblical passage refers to the characteristics of a Messianic figure understood by Christians to be Jesus Christ empowered by the `` Spirit of the Lord '' . </P> <P> In the Hebrew Masoretic text the `` Spirit of the Lord '' is described with six characteristics ( wisdom , understanding , counsel , might , knowledge , fear of the Lord ) , and then the last characteristic ( fear of the Lord ) is mentioned a second time . </P> <P> In the Greek Septuagint the first mention of the fear of the Lord is translated as `` spirit of ( ... ) godliness '' ( πνεῦμα ( ... ) εὐσεβείας ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Verse </Th> <Th> Hebrew Masoretic </Th> <Th> English New International Version </Th> <Th> Greek Septuagint </Th> <Th> Latin Vulgate </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11.1 </Td> <Td> א וְיָצָא חֹטֶר , מִגֵּזַע יִשָׁי ; וְנֵצֶר , מִשָּׁרָשָׁיו יִפְרֶה. ‬ </Td> <Td> A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse ; from his roots a Branch will bear fruit . </Td> <Td> και εξελευσεται ραβδος εκ της ριζης ιεσσαι και ανθος εκ της ριζης αναβησεται </Td> <Td> et egredietur virga de radice Iesse et flos de radice eius ascendet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11.2 </Td> <Td> ב וְנָחָה עָלָיו , רוּחַ יְהוָה -- רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה , רוּחַ עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה , רוּחַ דַּעַת , וְיִרְאַת יְהוָה. ‬ </Td> <Td> The Spirit of the LORD will rest on him -- the Spirit of wisdom and of understanding , the Spirit of counsel and of might , the Spirit of the knowledge and fear of the LORD -- </Td> <Td> και αναπαυσεται επ ' αυτον πνευμα του θεου πνευμα σοφιας και συνεσεως πνευμα βουλης και ισχυος πνευμα γνωσεως και ευσεβειας </Td> <Td> et requiescet super eum spiritus Domini spiritus sapientiae et intellectus spiritus consilii et fortitudinis spiritus scientiae et pietatis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11.3 </Td> <Td> ג וַהֲרִיחוֹ , בְּיִרְאַת יְהוָה ; ‬ </Td> <Td> and he will delight in the fear of the LORD . </Td> <Td> εμπλησει αυτον πνευμα φοβου θεου </Td> <Td> et replebit eum spiritus timoris Domini </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The seven Latin terms are then : </P> <Ol> <Li> sapientia </Li> <Li> intellectus </Li> <Li> consilium </Li> <Li> fortitudo </Li> <Li> scientia </Li> <Li> pietas </Li> <Li> timor Domini . </Li> </Ol> <H2> In christianity ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit is one of several works in Christian devotional literature which follow a scheme of seven . Others include the seven petitions of the Lord 's Prayer , the beatitudes , the seven last words from the cross , the seven deadly sins , and the seven virtues . </P> <P> The seven gifts were often represented as doves in medieval texts and especially figure in depictions of the Tree of Jesse which shows the Genealogy of Jesus . For Saint Thomas Aquinas , the dove signifies by its properties each gift of the Holy Spirit . </P> <H3> Roman Catholicism ( edit ) </H3> <P> Although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11 : 1 - 2 regarding these gifts , Roman Catholicism teaches that initiates receive them at Baptism , and that they are strengthened at Confirmation , so that one can proclaim the truths of the faith : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` The reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace . '' ( 88 ) For `` by the sacrament of Confirmation , ( the baptized ) are more perfectly bound to the Church and are enriched with a special strength of the Holy Spirit . Hence they are , as true witnesses of Christ , more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith by word and deed . '' ( 89 ) </Dd> </Dl> <H2> The seven gifts of Holy Spirit ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church , these gifts `` ... complete and perfect the virtues of those who receive them . '' </P> <Ul> <Li> Wisdom is considered the first and the greatest of the gifts . It acts upon both the intellect and the will . According to St. Bernard , it both illumines the mind and instills an attraction to the divine . Adolphe Tanquerey OP explained the difference between the gift of wisdom and that of understanding , `` ... the latter is a view taken by the mind , while the former is an experience undergone by the heart ; one is light , the other love , and so they unite and complete one another . '' Wisdom is the perfection of the theological virtue of charity ; </Li> <Li> Understanding is a perceptive intuition which illuminates the mind to grasp the truths of faith . It does not involve a comprehensive understanding of the mysteries of faith , but helps a person understand that these mysteries are credible ; compatible with and related to each other ; and not unreasonable . The gift of understanding perfects the theological virtue of faith . </Li> <Li> Counsel functions as a sort of supernatural intuition , to enable a person to judge promptly and rightly , especially in difficult situations . It perfects the cardinal virtue of prudence . While prudence operates in accord with reason as enlightened by faith , the gift of counsel operates under the guidance of the Holy Spirit to illuminate the will of God . </Li> <Li> Fortitude is often identified with courage , but Aquinas takes its meaning to also encompass endurance . Joseph J. Rickaby describes it as a willingness to stand up for what is right in the sight of God , even if it means accepting rejection , verbal abuse , or physical harm . The gift of fortitude allows people the firmness of mind that is required both in doing good and in enduring evil . It is the perfection of the cardinal virtue of the same name . </Li> <Li> Knowledge : The gift of knowledge allows one , as far as is humanly possible , to see things from God 's perspective . It `` allows us to perceive the greatness of God and his love for his creatures '' through creation . </Li> <Li> Piety accords with reverence . A person with reverence recognizes his total reliance on God and comes before God with humility , trust , and love . Thomas Aquinas says that piety perfects the virtue of religion , which is an aspect of the virtue of justice , in that it accords to God that which is due him . In a series of talks on the Gifts of the Holy Spirit , Pope Francis said that piety is a recognition of `` ... our belonging to God , our deep bond with him , a relationship that gives meaning to our whole life and keeps us resolute , in communion with him , even during the most difficult and troubled moments '' . `` Piety is not mere outward religiosity ; it is that genuine religious spirit which makes us turn to the Father as his children and to grow in our love for others , seeing them as our brothers and sisters , ... '' </Li> <Li> Fear of the Lord is akin to wonder ( or awe ) : With the gift of fear of the Lord , one is made aware of the glory and majesty of God . At a June 2014 general audience Pope Francis said that it `` is no servile fear , but rather a joyful awareness of God 's grandeur and a grateful realization that only in him do our hearts find true peace '' . A person with wonder and awe knows that God is the perfection of all one desires . This gift is described by Aquinas as a fear of separating oneself from God . He describes the gift as a `` filial fear , '' like a child 's fear of offending his father , rather than a `` servile fear , '' that is , a fear of punishment . Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom . It is the perfection of the theological virtue of hope . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Relation to the virtues ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Summa Theologiae I. II , q. 68 , a1 , Saint Thomas Aquinas says that four of these gifts ( wisdom , understanding , knowledge , and counsel ) direct the intellect , while the other three gifts ( fortitude , piety , and fear of the Lord ) direct the will toward God . </P> <P> In some respects , the gifts are similar to the virtues , but a key distinction is that the virtues operate under the impetus of human reason ( prompted by grace ) , whereas the gifts operate under the impetus of the Holy Spirit ; the former can be used when one wishes , but the latter operate only when the Holy Spirit wishes . In the case of Fortitude , the gift has , in Latin and English , the same name as a virtue , which it is related to but from which it must be distinguished . </P> <P> In Summa Theologiae II. II , Thomas Aquinas asserts the following correspondences between the seven Capital Virtues and the seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit : </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> The gift of wisdom corresponds to the virtue of charity . </Li> <Li> The gifts of understanding and knowledge correspond to the virtue of faith . </Li> <Li> The gift of counsel ( right judgment ) corresponds to the virtue of prudence . </Li> <Li> The gift of fortitude corresponds to the virtue of courage . </Li> <Li> The gift of fear of the Lord corresponds to the virtue of hope . </Li> <Li> The gift of Reverence corresponds to the virtue of justice . </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <P> To the virtue of temperance , no Gift is directly assigned ; but the gift of fear can be taken as such , since fear drives somebody to restrict himself from forbidden pleasures . </P> <P> The Rev. Brian Shanley contrasts the gifts to the virtues this way : `` What the gifts do over and above the theological virtues ( which they presuppose ) is dispose the agent to the special promptings of the Holy Spirit in actively exercising the life of the virtues ; the gifts are necessary for the perfect operations of the virtues , especially in the face of our human weakness and in difficult situations . '' </P> <H2> Augustine ( edit ) </H2> <P> Saint Augustine drew a connection between the gifts of the Holy Spirit and the Beatitudes ( Matt. 5 : 3 - 12 ) .

The seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are

List the seven gifts of the holy spirit?

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U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by State - wikipedia <H1> U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by State </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Minimum legal drinking age as of 1969 ( two years before the 26th Amendment was passed ) : Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 Minimum age is 18 Minimum legal drinking age as of 1975 ( when almost all states had their lowest age limit ) : Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 ; see below Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 ; see below Minimum age is 18 Detail on dual age limits Both age limits apply for following states : Washington , D.C. : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Illinois : The legal drinking age is 19 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Kansas : The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2 % ABW beer , and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2 % ABW , wine and liquor . Maryland : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . North Carolina : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Oklahoma : The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2 % ABW beer , and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2 % ABW , wine and liquor . South Carolina : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . South Dakota : The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2 % ABW beer , and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2 % ABW , wine and liquor . Virginia : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Minimum legal drinking age as of 1983 ( one year before the Drinking Age Act of 1984 was passed ) : Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 Minimum age is 18 <P> The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time . The history is given in the table below . Unless otherwise noted , if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages , the age listed below is set at the lowest age given ( e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits , as was the case in several states , the age in the table will read as `` 18 '' , not `` 21 '' ) . In addition , the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages , although they have often been the same . </P> <P> As one can see in the table below , there has been much volatility in the states ' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 . Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December , most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time . Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s . From 1969 to 1976 , some 30 states lowered their purchase ages , generally to 18 . This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment . A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response , most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973 . Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them . </P> <P> From 1976 to 1983 , several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 ( or , less commonly , 20 or 21 ) , in part to combat drunk driving fatalities . In 1984 , Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act , which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 % of their federal highway funds . By mid-1988 , all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 ( but not Puerto Rico , Guam , or the Virgin Islands , see Additional Notes below ) . South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate . The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans , because of it being higher than the age of majority ( 18 in most states ) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries . The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment . Although debates have not been highly publicized , a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age , while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Pre-Prohibition ( prior to 1919 ) </Th> <Th> Post-Prohibition ( after 1933 ) </Th> <Th> 1970s / 26th Amendment ( adopted in 1971 ) </Th> <Th> 1980s / Drinking Age Act of 1984 </Th> <Th> 21st century </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alabama </Th> <Td> Pre 1881 : None 1881 : 21 ( none with consent of parent ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1975 : Lowered to 19 </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alaska </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1970 : Lowered to 19 </Td> <Td> 1984 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause ( if born before January 1 , 1965 ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arizona </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 19 </Td> <Td> 1985 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arkansas </Th> <Td> Pre 1925 : None 1925 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> California </Th> <Td> Pre 1891 : Regulated by municipality / county ( common age was 16 ) 1891 : 18 ( statewide ) </Td> <Td> 1933 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( except small amounts for religious ceremonies ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colorado </Th> <Td> None </Td> <Td> 1945 : 18 : for beer 21 : for wine and liquor </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Raised to 21 in 1987 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Connecticut </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 18 </Td> <Td> 1982 : Raised to 19 1983 : Raised to 20 1985 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( exemptions : ( 1 ) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30 - 90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person 's employment or business , ( 2 ) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician , or ( 3 ) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent , guardian or spouse of the minor , who has attained the age of twenty - one . Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person 's exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection ( a ) of section 52 - 571b . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Delaware </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 20 </Td> <Td> 1984 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> District of Columbia </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause . </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Florida </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 1980 : 19 </Td> <Td> 1985 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Georgia </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 18 </Td> <Td> 1984 : Raised to 19 1985 : Raised to 20 1986 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hawaii </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 18 </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Idaho </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 20 : for beer 21 : for wine and liquor </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 19 ( all ) </Td> <Td> 1987 : Raised to 21 in 1987 ( Apr 11 ) with grandfather clause </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Illinois </Th> <Td> 1872 : Age of majority ( none with written consent of parent ) </Td> <Td> pre 1961 : Age of majority 1961 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 1973 : Lowered to 19 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 1980 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Indiana </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> Post-1934 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iowa </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 19 in 1972 ( Jul 1 ) 1973 : Lowered to 18 in 1973 ( Jul 1 ) 1978 : Raised to 19 in 1978 ( Jul 1 ) </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 in 1986 ( Jul 1 ) with grandfather clause . </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kansas </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 1949 : 18 : for beer and wine with less than 4 % ABV 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 18 : for beer and wine with less than 4 % ABV 21 : for beer and wine with 4 % ABV or more 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 1985 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( However , anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kentucky </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 1938 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Louisiana </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> As of 1948 : 18 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 1987 : Raised to 21 de jure in 1987 , but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole . 1995 : De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed . 1996 : In 1996 , briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision , raising to 21 three months later . Other exceptions still remain . </Td> <Td> 21 ( Exceptions to state law include : <P> For an established religious purpose ; When a person under twenty - one years of age is accompanied by a parent , spouse , or legal guardian twenty - one years of age or older ; For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication , or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician , pharmacist , dentist , nurse , hospital , or medical institution ; In a private residence , which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres , on which the dwelling is located , owned by the same person who owns the dwelling ; The sale , handling , transport , or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty - one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer , wholesaler , or

The legal drinking age in the United States was changed to 21 in

When did the legal drinking age changed to 21?

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edit ) Isaiah Hicks does a reverse layup at the 2013 McDonald 's All - American Boys Game <P> A reverse layup is a layup that is finished on the opposite side of the court 's split - line , than the player began the attack on . </P> Finger roll ( edit ) Main article : Finger roll <P> A finger roll is performed when a player shoots the ball with one hand during a layup and then lifts his fingers , rolling the ball into the basket . The rotation produced provides the ball with a soft touch , and the ball will roll around the rim and then drop into the basket . The former Philadelphia 76ers forward Julius Erving is credited with the creation of the finger roll layup . Former San Antonio Spurs guard George `` The Iceman '' Gervin was known for having one of the best finger rolls in the game along with Lakers center Wilt Chamberlain . Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen are other notable practitioners , while former NBA star Jason Kidd is renowned for his smooth finger rolls as well . </P> Tear drop ( edit ) <P> The tear drop , also called a runner or a floater , is usually performed by undersized players ( mainly point guards ) . A player usually starts the layup procedure a good distance away from the basket . The ball is generally released earlier and in a higher arc than the normal layup . The ball should be away before the taller defender has the chance to block it . The purpose of this shooting move is to make the defender miss blocking the ball as the ball is released from the hand one moment sooner than expected . It is so - named because the ball drops down from the high point of the arc like a falling tear drop . Gary Payton of the Seattle SuperSonics and John Stockton of the Utah Jazz during their primes , the former in the mid-to - late 90s and the latter in the early - to - mid 90s were considered to have the best tear drops in the game . Chris Paul of the Houston Rockets , Tony Parker of the San Antonio Spurs and Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors frequently use the tear drop with great success . Antawn Jamison had one of the most highly effective tear drop shots in the league despite being a power forward . Ben Gordon of the Charlotte Bobcats , Juan Carlos Navarro of FC Barcelona , Steve Nash ( Retired ) , Rajon Rondo of the New Orleans Pelicans , J.J. Barea from the Dallas Mavericks , and Derrick Rose from the Cleveland Cavaliers are currently known for the tear drop move . </P> Power stop / drive ( edit ) <P> Power drive is a continuous shooting move in which a player stops dribbling and makes a huge leap forward , while securing the ball in both hands from the dribbling hand , then making a layup . The move is generally used as a layup because the huge movement coming from the leap provides the momentum for the player to jump forward for a layup . The move is a great way to squeeze the player under the basket for a fast layup . </P> Double clutch ( edit ) <P> A double clutch is a move associated with a layup or a dunk ; it is a change of ball position in mid-air ( similar to the `` up and under '' move , but performed while the player is in the air ) . It is effectively used by many players . </P> <H3> Bank shot ( edit ) </H3> <P> A bank shot in basketball is a shot that relies on the ball bouncing off the backboard and into the basket . It is frequently used for mid-range jump shots from around a 45 ° angle and layups . It is not commonly used for long - range shots or shots from the middle or near the baseline . The purpose of using the backboard is to try to hit the backboard at an angle , thus slowing the speed of the ball and increasing its chances of falling into the hoop . Researchers at North Carolina State University found that bank shots may be 20 percent more effective up to a distance of about 12 feet than direct shots . Another term for a bank shot is `` off the glass . '' NBA players known for using the bank shot often are Sam Jones , George Gervin , Tim Duncan , Dwyane Wade , Dirk Nowitzki , Scottie Pippen , and Kobe Bryant . </P> <H3> Putback and tip - in ( edit ) </H3> <P> A putback describes a situation where a player secures an offensive rebound , then immediately scores a basket . If the player secures the rebound while in the air , for the shot to be considered a putback , the player can land on the ground before shooting , but can not dribble before taking the shot . If the player does not secure the rebound but instead taps the ball into the basket , it is considered a tip - in . There is a point where the difference between a putback and a tip - in is subjective ( e.g. , a one - handed rebound in the air followed by a shot before touching the ground ) . A putback jam is a spectacular alternative to the tip - in , where the ball is slam - dunked off the rebound in the same motion . Josh Smith and Kenyon Martin are the perfectors of the putback jam . It is also a primary source of scoring for All - Star center Dwight Howard , who led the NBA in dunks in the 2008 -- 2009 , 2009 -- 2010 and 2010 -- 2011 seasons . </P> <H2> Triple threat position and related moves ( edit ) </H2> <P> Triple threat is the position when a player facing a defender receives a pass but has not dribbled yet . The offensive player 's feet are slightly wider than shoulder width and slightly on the balls of their feet , their knees flexed , with both hands on the basketball in front of them or almost resting on their thigh , presenting the defender with an opponent able to move in any direction . One foot is held as the pivot and the other slightly ahead . From this , the player can choose from three options : to jump - shoot , to dribble ( drive ) past the defender or to pass it to a teammate . There are also options to get the defender out of their defensive stance by using jab steps and pump fakes . </P> <H3> Pivot ( edit ) </H3> <P> Pivoting is the act of rotating one 's body while keeping the ball of one foot in place on the floor . Most of the player 's balance should be on the pivot foot while slightly raising the heel in order to pivot on the ball of the foot . Pivoting can be done with or without the ball as it is an important tool to quickly change direction or orientation to the basket . </P> <H3> Jab step ( edit ) </H3> <P> A jab step , also known as side step , is performed when a player holds onto the ball before dribbling while his non-pivot leg performs a jabbing forward or side motion . This move is used to test defender 's defensive weaknesses and stance . A combination of the pump fake , the drive , the shot and the crossover drive can be performed along with the jab step to lure the opponent out of his defense . New York Knicks forward Carmelo Anthony is well known for taking the jab step , as was 13 - year pro Kiki Vandeweghe . When the player does this , the defender falls off from their defensive stance , creating a space between the player and the defender , allowing them to take a quick mid-range jumper , a three - pointer , or a drive `` to the lane . '' </P> <H3> Pump fake ( edit ) </H3> <P> A pump fake ( also called a shot fake ) is a feigned attempt at a jump shot , restrained before the feet leave the ground . The pump fake is a fundamental move in basketball , used to cause defenders to jump ( known in basketball slang as `` lifting '' the defender ) or be shifted off - balance . Its main applications are in the low post area , where a player is much more likely to have his or her shot blocked . On the perimeter , it is useful in creating open lanes to the basket by `` showing '' the ball enough to entice a defender to attempt to block or steal it , allowing the dribbler to penetrate easily . Michael Jordan , Kobe Bryant , and Dwyane Wade are known to be masters of the pump fake . </P> <H3> Drawing contact ( edit ) </H3> <P> An offensive move intended to produce a foul call on the defensive player . A typical strategy is to drive into a defensive player whose feet are not stationary . When the two players make bodily contact , a blocking foul can be called on the defensive player . If the defensive player has a set position ( i.e. , both feet are stationary and arms are not in a downward motion ) , the contact can result in a charging foul against the offensive player ( this is known as taking the charge for the fouled defensive player ) . Another way of drawing contact is to pump fake and then jump towards the defender , make contact and then shoot ; this gets you to the foul line . If you make the basket ( often made in the paint ) , you get the basket and one foul shot . Players like DeMar DeRozan and Kobe Bryant have mastered the art of drawing contact . </P> <H3> Shuffle ( edit ) </H3> <P> This move is similar to the jab step , but smaller . It is when a player uses multiple very little jab steps to throw off a defender and keep him constantly guessing whether you will go to the basket or not . It was used frequently by former San Antonio Spurs forward Tim Duncan . </P> <H2> Posting up ( edit ) </H2> <P> To `` post up '' is to establish a position in the low post , the area near the basket below the foul line , usually in order to take advantage of a smaller defender . The offensive player usually faces away from the basket , so that his body can protect the ball from the defender . From this position , options such as spinning or backing down the defender to close in to the basket for better scoring opportunities become available . </P> <H3> Up and under ( edit ) </H3> Mason Rocca making a hook shot for Eldo Napoli , 2006 <P> The up and under is a move consisting of two parts : a shot fake ( the up ) and a step - through ( the under ) . First the player with the ball fakes a shot by thrusting the ball above his head as if to take a shot , then when the defender jumps in an attempt to block the shot , the offensive player steps by him and attempts a clear , unguarded shot . </P> <P> Generally used by post players , Hakeem Olajuwon and Kevin McHale were considered masters of this move . </P> <H3> Hook shot ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Hook shot <P> The hook shot is one of the most effective inside moves , but it is also quite difficult

A player who can shoot, pass, or dribble is considered to be a

A player that can shoot pass or dribble is considered to be?

-938578705122215845

Cauda equina - wikipedia <H1> Cauda equina </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cauda equina </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cauda equina and filum terminale seen from behind . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Human caudal spinal cord anterior view </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artery </Th> <Td> Iliolumbar artery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> Cauda equina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> A08. 800.800. 720.725. 150 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A14. 2.00. 036 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 52590 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The cauda equina ( Latin for `` horse 's tail '' ) is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets , consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs , the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs , and the coccygeal nerve , all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris of the spinal cord . The cauda equina occupies the lumbar cistern , a subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris . The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs to include motor innervation of the hips , knees , ankles , feet , internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter . In addition , the cauda equina extends to sensory innervation of the perineum and , partially , parasympathetic innervation of the bladder . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Development </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Clinical significance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Cauda equina syndrome </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 History </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> In humans , the spinal cord stops growing in infancy and the end of the spinal cord is about the level of the third lumbar vertebra , or L3 , at birth . Because the bones of the vertebral column continue to grow , by about 12 months of age , the end of the cord reaches its permanent position at the level of L1 or L2 ( closer to the head ) . However , due to normal anatomical variations , the final cord end position may occur anywhere from T12 twelfth thoracic vertebra ( T12 ) to L3 . Individual spinal nerve roots arise from the cord as they get closer to the head , but as the differential growth occurs , the top end of the nerve stays attached to the spinal cord while the lower end of the nerve exits the spinal column at its proper level . This results in a `` bundle '' - like structure of nerve fibers that extends caudally from the end of the spinal cord , gradually declining in number further down as individual pairs leave the spinal column . </P> <H2> Clinical significance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The cauda equina exists within the lumbar cistern , a gap between the arachnoid membrane and the pia matter of the spinal cord , called the subarachnoid space . Cerebrospinal fluid also exists within this space . Because the spinal cord terminates at level L1 / L2 , lumbar puncture ( or colloquially , `` spinal tap '' ) is performed from the lumbar cistern between two vertebrae at level L3 / L4 , or L4 / L5 , where there is no risk of accidental injury to the spinal cord , when a sample of CSF is needed for clinical purposes . </P> <H3> Cauda equina Syndrome ( edit ) </H3> <P> Cauda equina syndrome , a rare disorder affecting the bundle of nerve roots ( cauda equina ) at the lower ( lumbar ) end of the spinal cord , is a surgical emergency . Cauda equina syndrome occurs when the nerve roots in the lumbar spine are compressed , disrupting sensation and movement . Nerve roots that control the function of the bladder and bowel are especially vulnerable to damage . It can lead to permanent paralysis , impaired bladder and / or bowel control , loss of sexual sensation , and other problems if left untreated . Even with immediate treatment , some patients may not recover complete function . </P> <P> Cauda equina syndrome most commonly results from a massive disc herniation in the lumbar region . A disc herniation occurs when one of the soft flexible discs that functions as an elastic shock absorber between the bones of the spinal column displaces from its normal position . The herniation occurs after the disc begins to break down with aging and can be precipitated by stress or a mechanical problem in the spine . The result is that the softer , center portion of the disc pushes out and causes pressure on the nerve roots in the lumbar spine . Other causes include spinal lesions and tumors , spinal infections or inflammation , lumbar spinal stenosis , trauma to the lower back , birth abnormalities , spinal arteriovenous malformations ( AVMs ) , spinal hemorrhages ( subarachnoid , subdural , epidural ) , narrowing of the spinal canal , postoperative lumbar spine surgery complications or spinal anesthesia . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The cauda equina was named after its resemblance to a horse 's tail ( Latin : cauda equina ) by the French anatomist Andreas Lazarius ( André du Laurens ) in the 17th century . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview , see Anatomical terminology . <Ul> <Li> Spinal cord </Li> <Li> Cauda equina syndrome </Li> <Li> Conus medullaris </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` LSUHSC School of Medicine - Search Results '' . www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Cauda Equina Syndrome - OrthoInfo - AAOS '' . orthoinfo.aaos.org . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : http://www.aans.org/Patient%20Information/Conditions%20and%20Treatments/Cauda%20Equina%20Syndrome.aspx </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cauda Equina Syndrome -- The Spine Hospital at The Neurological Institute of New York '' . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> `` Cauda Equina Syndrome . '' Columbia University Department of Neurological Surgery . Columbia University Medical Center , 2015 . Web . 1 Dec. 2015 . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> `` Cauda Equina Syndrome . '' OrthoInfo . American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons , May 2014 . Web . 1 Dec. 2015 . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> `` Cauda Equina Syndrome . '' Patient Information . American Association of Neurological Surgeons , Nov. 2005 . Web . 1 Dec. 2015 . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Saladin , Kenneth S. Anatomy and Physiology The Unity of Form and Funct </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Smith 's Anesthesia for infants and children . 8th edition , Chapter 1 , Page 8 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> VIRTUAL Spine - Online Learning Resource </Li> <Li> MedlinePlus Image 19504 </Li> <Li> Anatomy photo : 02 : 08 - 0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center </Li> <Li> Cross section image : pembody / body12a -- Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna </Li> <Li> Dissection of deep back and spinal cord video : great view of the Cauda Equina </Li> <Li> http://www.caudaequinauk.com/welcome.php - Cauda Equina Syndrome UK Charity social network </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The spinal cord </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General features </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cervical enlargement </Li> <Li> Lumbar enlargement </Li> <Li> Conus medullaris </Li> <Li> Filum terminale </Li> <Li> Cauda equina </Li> <Li> Meninges </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grey matter </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Posterior grey column </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marginal nucleus </Li> <Li> Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando </Li> <Li> Nucleus proprius </Li> <Li> Spinal lamina V </Li> <Li> Spinal lamina VI </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lateral grey column </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Intermediolateral nucleus </Li> <Li> Posterior thoracic nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Anterior grey column </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Interneuron </Li> <Li> Alpha motor neuron <Ul> <Li> Onuf 's nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Gamma motor neuron </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rexed laminae </Li> <Li> Central gelatinous substance </Li> <Li> Gray commissure </Li> <Li> Central canal </Li> <Li> Terminal ventricle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> White matter </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Sensory </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Posterior </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Posterior column - medial lemniscus pathway : </Li> <Li> Gracile </Li> <Li> Cuneate </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lateral : </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Spinocerebellar <Ul> <Li> dorsal </Li> <Li> ventral </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Spinothalamic <Ul> <Li> lateral </Li> <Li> anterior </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Posterolateral </Li> <Li> Spinotectal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Spinoreticular tract </Li> <Li> Spino - olivary tract </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Motor </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Lateral </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Corticospinal <Ul> <Li> Lateral </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Extrapyramidal <Ul> <Li> Rubrospinal </Li> <Li> Olivospinal </Li> <Li> Raphespinal </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Anterior </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Corticospinal <Ul> <Li> Anterior </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Extrapyramidal <Ul> <Li> Vestibulospinal </Li> <Li> Reticulospinal </Li> <Li> Tectospinal </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Both </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anterior white commissure </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> External features </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ventral <Ul> <Li> Anterior median fissure </Li> <Li> Anterolateral sulcus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dorsal <Ul> <Li> Posterior median sulcus </Li> <Li> Posterolateral sulcus </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cauda_equina&oldid=801901905 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Spinal nerves </Li> <Li> Bones of the vertebral column </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage </Li> <Li> Articles containing Latin - language text </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 22 September 2017 , at 17 : 14 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The spinal cord becomes the cauda equina

Where does the spinal cord become cauda equina?

-8834996069938989383

Clifford the Big Red Dog ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Clifford the Big Red Dog ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may be written from a fan 's point of view , rather than a neutral point of view . Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality , and to make it neutral in tone . ( July 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Clifford the Big Red Dog </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Education </Li> <Li> Comedy </Li> <Li> Fantasy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Clifford the Big Red Dog by Norman Bridwell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> John Over </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voices of </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Ritter </Li> <Li> Grey DeLisle </Li> <Li> Cree Summer </Li> <Li> Kel Mitchell </Li> <Li> Cam Clarke </Li> <Li> Kath Soucie </Li> <Li> Gary LeRoi Gray </Li> <Li> Ulysses Cuadra </Li> <Li> Earl Boen </Li> <Li> Edie McClurg </Li> <Li> Nick Jameson </Li> <Li> Tony Plana </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Josh Mancell </Li> <Li> Mark Mothersbaugh </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States </Li> <Li> United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 65 ( 130 Segments ) ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Deborah Forte </Li> <Li> Gary Conrad </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 30 minutes ( 15 minutes per segment ) ( approx . per episode ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Scholastic Productions </Li> <Li> Mike Young Productions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> ITV Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> PBS Kids ( US ) BBC ( UK ) ( 2002 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 4 , 2000 ( 2000 - 09 - 04 ) -- February 25 , 2003 ( 2003 - 02 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> Clifford 's Puppy Days </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Clifford the Big Red Dog is an American - British educational animated children 's television series , based upon Norman Bridwell 's children 's book series of the same name . Produced by Scholastic Productions , it originally aired on PBS Kids from September 4 , 2000 to February 25 , 2003 . The UK version ( where it was dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original American soundtrack ) originally aired on BBC 2 on April 1 , 2002 . </P> <P> Two 15 - minute stories made up each half - hour cartoon . Usually one story featured Clifford and his canine friends , Cleo and T - Bone among them ; the other story would focus on Clifford 's owner Emily Elizabeth and her friends . During scenes focusing on the dog character 's perspective , human speech would replace barking to engage viewers in the storyline from the dogs ' point of view . </P> <P> John Ritter voiced Clifford in all episodes . This was originally done by Brent Titcomb in the series that debuted in 1988 and ran into the early 1990s . Generally speaking , his schedule dictated the production of Clifford the Big Red Dog . By the time the last of the 68 half - hour cartoons and the movie were completed , Ritter was back on ABC 's prime - time schedule , starring in 8 Simple Rules . Ritter 's death on September 11 , 2003 came less than a week before PBS debuted Clifford 's Puppy Days , a function of keeping Clifford 's legacy going . </P> <P> While no new Clifford episodes have been released since Ritter 's death in 2003 , voice actors for the main characters have reprised some of their roles for the Ready to Learn PBS Kids PSAs . The film Clifford 's Really Big Movie serves as the series finale due to Ritter 's death , as no new episodes were made to continue from where it left off . However , Clifford 's Puppy Days still continued to air until its cancellation in 2006 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Characters <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Dogs </Li> <Li> 1.2 Humans </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Setting </Li> <Li> 3 Format </Li> <Li> 4 Production </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 6 Episodes </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Film </Li> <Li> 7.2 Video games <Ul> <Li> 7.2. 1 Original series </Li> <Li> 7.2. 2 Modern series </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Dogs ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Clifford the Big Red Dog ( voiced by John Ritter ; Tom Eastwood in the British version ) : A giant red Labrador Retriever / Vizsla cross . The depiction of Clifford 's size is inconsistent ; he is often shown as being about 25 feet tall ( 7.6 m ) from paws to head , but can appear far larger . The character is based on the imaginary friend of creator Norman Bridwell 's wife . Clifford is devoted to his owner Emily Elizabeth . He is friendly , shy , lovable , loyal , gentle and helpful but sometimes gets into trouble because of his size , or is tempted into trouble by his friends and those he meets . Despite being the protagonist , he seldom has episodes focusing on him , usually serving as the voice - of - reason for his friend 's adventures . </Li> <Li> Cleo ( voiced by Cree Summer ; Regine Candler in the British version ) : An energetic , selfish , trouble - making purple poodle with a tendency to not tell the truth . Her catchphrase is `` Have I ever steered you wrong ? '' which she inadvertently does immediately after . She is one of Clifford 's best friends . Her owner is Mrs. Diller . </Li> <Li> T - Bone ( voiced by Kel Mitchell ; Benjamin Small in the British version ) : A male yellow and orange bulldog with a large appetite . He is often cowardly , clumsy , and cautious , but does have his moments of bravery . He is one of Clifford 's best friends . T - Bone is in love with Mimi , another dog who visits from time to time . His owner is Sheriff Lewis . <Ul> <Li> T - Bone had a best friend named Hamburger ( voiced by Kel Mitchell 's longtime comedy partner Kenan Thompson ) who moved away before Clifford arrived . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mac ( voiced by Cameron Clarke ) : A male blue greyhound with an inflated sense of self - importance , who shifts between aloofness and wanting to be part of Clifford , Cleo , and T - Bone 's circle of friends . Mac competes in dog shows . He can be vain , bossy and selfish . However , he appears to be devoted to his owner Jetta . It is revealed in a few episodes that his name is short for Machiavelli . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Humans ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Emily Elizabeth Howard ( voiced by Grey DeLisle ; Joanna Ruiz in the British version ) : Clifford 's eight - year - old owner . A friendly , curious , and helpful girl . The best skater on the island , and also very good at soccer . Emily Elizabeth adopted Clifford when he was a very small puppy , when her parents gave him to her on her 6th birthday . Emily 's love apparently caused Clifford to grow enormous , thus starting their new lives on Birdwell Island . Just like Clifford , she rarely has episodes about her and ends up being the voice of reason . Emily was named for creator Norman Bridwell 's daughter and based on the imaginary adventures of Bridwell 's wife . <Ul> <Li> Caroline Howard ( also voiced by Grey DeLisle ) : Emily Elizabeth 's mom </Li> <Li> Mark Howard ( voiced by Cameron Clarke ) : Emily Elizabeth 's dad </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Charley ( voiced by Gary LeRoi Gray ) : Emily Elizabeth 's best friend and the best soccer player on the Birdwell Birds ( the school soccer team ) . He lives on a houseboat with his father , who owns a restaurant . <Ul> <Li> Samuel ( voiced by Terrence C. Carson ) : Charley 's father and the Jamaican owner of Samuel 's Fish and Chips . He is a great storyteller and runs most of the pier . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Jetta Handover ( voiced by Kath Soucie ) : Mac 's owner . She is a wealthy , self - centered friend of Emily Elizabeth who is often oblivious to others ' feelings . She is often shown leading parades and competing in talent shows as a majorette . Jetta often claims her accomplishments are bigger or better than others ' and finds herself humbled when she aims too high to the point where she needs help . Her mother owns one of the island stores and seems somewhat oblivious to Jetta 's behavior . She often appears to dislike Clifford , criticizing him for minor accidents caused by his size , but occasionally she will show that she really does like him . <Ul> <Li> Cosmo Handover ( voiced by Debi Derryberry ) is the infant brother of Jetta . He is first seen in the episode `` And Baby Makes 4 '' . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Vaz ( voiced by Ulysses Cuadra ) : Somewhat clumsy and shy boy who is friends with Emily Elizabeth and Charley . </Li> <Li> Sheriff Lewis ( voiced by Nick Jameson ) : T - Bone 's owner . The island 's sheriff and the soccer coach . He feeds T - Bone often , ( explaining why T - Bone is overweight ) . <Ul> <Li> He had a best friend named Chief Wilson who moved away with T - Bone 's best buddy , Hamburger . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ms. Diller ( voiced by Cree Summer ) : Cleo 's owner . </Li> <Li> Horace Bleakman ( voiced by Earl Boen ) lives with his wife Violet . He is often grumpy and impatient about the noise and mess Clifford inadvertently causes , but he is still a good neighbor and helps Clifford and the others from time to time . </Li> <Li> Violet Bleakman ( voiced by Edie McClurg ) is the first neighbor of the Howards to introduce herself . She is a little more nice , calm , and patient than her cranky husband Horace . </Li> <Li> Pedro and Victor ( both

Clifford the Big Red Dog first aired on TV on

When did clifford the big red dog first air on tv?

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Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball - wikipedia <H1> Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kentucky Wildcats </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2018 -- 19 Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball team </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> University </Th> <Td> University of Kentucky </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First season </Th> <Td> 1903 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> All - time record </Th> <Td> 2,256 -- 697 (. 764 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Athletic director </Th> <Td> Mitch Barnhart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> John Calipari ( 9th season ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Td> SEC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Lexington , Kentucky </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arena </Th> <Td> Rupp Arena ( Capacity : 23,500 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname </Th> <Td> Wildcats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Student section </Th> <Td> eRUPPtion Zone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colors </Th> <Td> Blue and White </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Uniforms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Home </Td> <Td> Away <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pre-tournament Premo - Porretta champions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1934 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pre-tournament Helms champions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1933 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Tournament champions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1948 , 1949 , 1951 , 1958 , 1978 , 1996 , 1998 , 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Tournament runner - up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1966 , 1975 , 1997 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Tournament Final Four </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1942 , 1948 , 1949 , 1951 , 1958 , 1966 , 1975 , 1978 , 1984 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Tournament Elite Eight </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1942 , 1945 , 1948 , 1949 , 1951 , 1952 , 1956 , 1957 , 1958 , 1961 , 1962 , 1966 , 1968 , 1970 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1978 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1992 , 1993 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2003 , 2005 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1951 , 1952 , 1955 , 1956 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , 1961 , 1962 , 1964 , 1966 , 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1978 , 1980 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1992 , 1993 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Tournament appearances </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1942 , 1945 , 1948 , 1949 , 1951 , 1952 , 1955 , 1956 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , 1961 , 1962 , 1964 , 1966 , 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1978 , 1980 , 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Conference tournament champions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1921 , 1933 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 , 1942 , 1944 , 1945 , 1946 , 1947 , 1948 , 1949 , 1950 , 1952 , 1984 , 1986 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2001 , 2003 , 2004 , 2010 , 2011 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Conference regular season champions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1926 , 1932 , 1933 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 , 1942 , 1944 , 1945 , 1946 , 1947 , 1948 , 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1954 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1962 , 1964 , 1966 , 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1978 , 1980 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1995 , 1996 , 1998 , 2000 , 2001 , 2003 , 2005 , 2010 , 2012 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball team is an American college basketball team that represents the University of Kentucky . Kentucky is the most successful NCAA Division I basketball program in history in terms of both all - time wins ( 2,256 ) and all - time winning percentage (. 764 ) . The Wildcats are currently coached by John Calipari . </P> <P> Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances ( 58 ) , NCAA tournament wins ( 126 ) , NCAA Tournament games played ( 177 ) , NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances ( 43 ) , NCAA Elite Eight appearances ( 37 ) , and total postseason tournament appearances ( 65 ) . Further , Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours ( tied for 2nd place all - time with UCLA ) , 12 NCAA Championship games , and has won 8 NCAA championships ( second only to UCLA 's 11 ) . In addition to these titles , Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament ( NIT ) in both 1946 and 1976 , making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships . Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty - two 20 - win seasons , fifteen 30 - win seasons , and six 35 - win seasons . </P> <P> Throughout its history , the Kentucky basketball program has featured many notable and successful players , both on the collegiate level and the professional level . Kentucky holds the record for the most NBA Draft selections ( 121 ) as well as the most # 1 NBA Draft picks ( 3 ) . The Wildcats have also been led by many successful head coaches , including Adolph Rupp , Joe B. Hall , Eddie Sutton , Rick Pitino , Tubby Smith , and John Calipari . Kentucky is the only program with 5 different NCAA Championship coaches ( Rupp , Hall , Pitino , Smith , and Calipari ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early history ( 1903 -- 1930 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 George Buchheit and the `` Wonder Team '' ( 1919 -- 1925 ) </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 C.O Applegran , Ray Eklund , and Basil Hayden ( 1925 -- 1927 ) </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 John Mauer and the `` Mauermen '' ( 1927 -- 1930 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Adolph Rupp ( 1930 -- 1972 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 The Beardless Wonders ( 1944 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Kentucky 's first championship ( 1948 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Back - to - back championships ( 1949 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 4 A new decade ( 1950 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 5 Third championship and point shaving scandal ( 1951 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 6 Undefeated but no tournament ( 1954 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 7 Rupp 's fourth championship ( 1958 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 8 Rupp 's Runts ( 1966 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2. 9 The late Rupp years ( 1967 -- 1972 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Joe B. Hall ( 1972 -- 1985 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 The Super Kittens ( 1975 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3. 2 The Season Without Celebration and fifth championship ( 1978 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.4 Eddie Sutton ( 1985 -- 1989 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 Early Sutton era ( 1985 -- 1988 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 Emery scandal ( 1989 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.5 Rick Pitino ( 1989 -- 1997 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 Post season ban and rebuilding with the Unforgettables ( 1989 -- 1992 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5. 2 Return to the Final Four ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5. 3 The Mardi Gras Miracle ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5. 4 The Untouchables and Championship Number Six ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5. 5 The Unbelievables ( 1997 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.6 Orlando `` Tubby '' Smith ( 1997 -- 2007 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.6. 1 New coach and a seventh championship ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6. 2 Final Four drought ( 1999 -- 2007 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.7 Billy Gillispie ( 2007 -- 2009 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.7. 1 Decline in form ( 2008 -- 2009 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.8 John Calipari ( 2009 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> 1.8. 1 Calipari 's first class ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> 1.8. 2 Run to the Final Four ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> 1.8. 3 The road to an eighth championship ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> 1.8. 4 Starting anew ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> 1.8. 5 The Tweakables ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 1.8. 6 Pursuit of perfection ( 2015 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Season by season results </Li> <Li> 3 Coaches </Li> <Li> 4 Postseason results <Ul> <Li> 4.1 National championships </Li> <Li> 4.2 Final Four history </Li> <Li> 4.3 NCAA Tournament seeding history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Wildcats of note <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Honored players </Li> <Li> 5.2 Honored coaches </Li> <Li> 5.3 Honored contributors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 All - Time Statistical leaders </Li> <Li> 7 Awards <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Naismith Hall of Fame Members </Li> <Li> 7.2 Olympians </Li> <Li> 7.3 Wildcats in the NBA </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Memorable teams <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Three point streak </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Facilities <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Rupp Arena ( 1976 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 9.2 Joe Craft Center ( 2007 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 9.3 Memorial Coliseum ( 1950 -- 76 ) </Li> <Li> 9.4 Alumni Gymnasium ( 1924 -- 50 ) </Li> <Li> 9.5 Woodland Park Auditorium ( 1914 -- 16 ) </Li> <Li> 9.6 Buell Armory Gymnasium ( 1910 -- 24 ) </Li> <Li> 9.7 State College Gymnasium ( 1902 -- 14 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Cumulative all - time statistics </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early history ( 1903 -- 1930 ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> Records indicate that the first head coach of the Wildcats was W.W.H. Mustaine , who in 1903 called together some students , took up a collection totaling $3 for a ball , and told the students to start playing . The first recorded intercollegiate game at the college was a 15 -- 6 defeat to nearby Georgetown College . The team went 1 -- 2 for their first `` season '' , also losing to Kentucky University ( later Transylvania University ) but defeating the Lexington YMCA . </P> <P> Through 1908 , the team did not manage a winning season , and had an all - time record of 15 -- 29 . In the fall of that year a full - time head coach was hired . This made him the first paid coach in Kentucky 's basketball history . That year , the team went 5 -- 4 , and only three years later , boasted their first undefeated season with nine victories and no losses . </P> <P> During this early era Kentucky was unstable in that the school went through multiple coaches , many stayed only one or two seasons . </P> George Buchheit and the `` Wonder team '' (

The last time Kentucky won the NCAA championship was in

When was the last time kentucky won ncaa?

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Millet ( 1814 -- 1875 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Thomas Couture ( 1815 -- 1879 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean - Louis - Ernest Meissonier ( 1815 -- 1891 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jacques - Eugene Feyen ( 1815 -- 1908 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Charles Marville ( 1816 -- 1879 ) , painter , engraver , photographer </Li> <Li> Antoine Chintreuil ( 1816 -- 1873 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean Pierre Alexandre Antigna ( 1817 -- 1878 ) , painter </Li> <Li> François Bonvin ( 1817 -- 1887 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Charles - François Daubigny ( 1817 -- 1878 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Johan Barthold Jongkind ( 1819 -- 1891 ) ( Dutch , worked in France ) , painter </Li> <Li> Théodore Chassériau ( 1819 -- 1856 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Gustave Courbet ( 1819 -- 1877 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Eugène Fromentin ( 1820 -- 1876 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Nadar ( Gaspard Félix Tournachon , called `` Nadar '' ) ( 1820 -- 1910 ) , photographer </Li> <Li> Charles Méryon ( 1821 -- 1868 ) , printmaker ( etching ) </Li> <Li> Rosa Bonheur ( 1822 -- 1899 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Marie Adrien Persac ( 1823 ) , painter , cartographer , architect , civil engineer , photographer </Li> <Li> Alexandre Cabanel ( 1823 -- 1889 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Albert - Ernest Carrier - Belleuse ( 1824 -- 1887 ) , sculptor and painter </Li> <Li> Jean - Léon Gérôme ( 1824 -- 1904 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli ( 1824 -- 1886 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Théodule Ribot ( 1824 -- 1891 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Eugène Boudin ( 1824 -- 1898 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Pierre Puvis de Chavannes ( 1824 -- 1898 ) , painter </Li> <Li> William - Adolphe Bouguereau ( 1825 -- 1905 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Gustave Moreau ( 1826 -- 1898 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean - Baptiste Carpeaux ( 1827 -- 1875 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Elie Delaunay ( 1828 -- 1891 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Achille Emperaire ( 1829 -- 1898 ) , painter and a friend of Paul Cézanne </Li> <Li> Gaston de Laperriere ( 1848 - 1920 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Aimé Morot ( 1850 - 1915 ) , painter and son in law of Jean - Léon Gérôme </Li> <Li> Camille Bouvagne ( 1864 -- 1936 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jeanne Baudot ( 1877 -- 1957 ) , painter and the only assistant and pupil of Auguste Renoir </Li> </Ul> <H2> Nineteenth century ( Impressionism to Fauvism ) ( edit ) </H2> <P> See also Modern art , Modernism , Impressionism , Post-Impressionism , Les Nabis , Fauvism , Symbolism , Symbolist painters , Art Nouveau , Primitivism </P> <Ul> <Li> Camille Pissarro ( 1830 -- 1903 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Étienne - Jules Marey ( 1830 -- 1904 ) , photographer </Li> <Li> Édouard Manet ( 1832 -- 1883 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Gustave Doré ( 1832 -- 1883 ) , engraver </Li> <Li> Edgar Degas ( 1834 -- 1917 ) , painter , sculptor </Li> <Li> Pierre Mallet ( 1836 - 1898 ) , painter of ceramics </Li> <Li> Henri Fantin - Latour ( 1836 -- 1904 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jules Chéret ( 1836 -- 1932 ) , painter , other media </Li> <Li> Paul Cézanne ( 1839 -- 1906 ) , painter </Li> <Li> François Salle ( 1839 -- 1899 ) </Li> <Li> Odilon Redon ( 1840 -- 1916 ) , painter , draftsman , lithographer </Li> <Li> Auguste Rodin ( 1840 -- 1917 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Claude Monet ( 1840 -- 1926 ) , painter ; a founder of French impressionist painting </Li> <Li> Pierre - Auguste Renoir ( 1841 -- 1919 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Frédéric Bazille ( 1841 -- 1870 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Berthe Morisot ( 1841 -- 1895 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Marie Bracquemond ( 1841 -- 1916 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Fernand Pelez ( 1843 -- 1913 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Alexander Louis Leloir ( 1843 -- 1884 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri Rousseau ( `` Le Douanier Rousseau '' ) ( 1844 -- 1910 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean Antonin Mercié ( 1845 -- 1916 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Jean - Joseph Benjamin - Constant ( 1845 -- 1902 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Gustave Caillebotte ( 1848 -- 1894 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri Biva ( 1848 -- 1929 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jules Bastien - Lepage ( 1848 -- 1884 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Paul Gauguin ( 1848 -- 1903 ) , painter , sculptor </Li> <Li> Henry Lerolle ( 1848 -- 1929 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Eugène Carrière ( 1849 -- 1906 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Pierre Carrier - Belleuse ( 1851 -- 1932 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Vincent van Gogh ( 1853 -- 1890 ) ( Dutch , worked in France ) , painter </Li> <Li> Charles Angrand ( 1854 -- 1926 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henry Moret ( 1856 -- 1913 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Eugène Atget ( Jean - Eugène Auguste Atget ) ( 1857 -- 1927 ) , photographer </Li> <Li> Mathurin Janssaud ( 1857 -- 1940 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Georges - Pierre Seurat ( 1859 -- 1891 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Antoine Bourdelle ( 1861 -- 1929 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Aristide Maillol ( 1861 -- 1944 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Louis Vivin ( 1861 -- 1936 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Antonio de la Gandara ( 1861 -- 1917 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Gaston Bussière ( 1862 -- 1929 ) , Symbolism movement painter and illustrator </Li> <Li> Ernest de Chamaillard ( 1862 -- 1931 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri Delavallée ( 1862 -- 1943 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Paul Signac ( 1863 -- 1935 ) , painter </Li> <Li> René Georges Hermann - Paul ( 1864 -- 1940 ) , graphic artist , illustrator , painter </Li> <Li> William Didier - Pouget ( 1864 -- 1959 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri Marie de Toulouse - Lautrec ( 1864 -- 1901 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Paul Sérusier ( 1864 -- 1927 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Paul Ranson ( 1864 -- 1909 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Seraphine Louis ( 1864 -- 1942 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri Jourdain ( 1864 -- 1931 ) , painter , prints or lithographs of landscapes usually by the water </Li> <Li> Albert Aurier ( 1865 -- 1892 ) , poet , art critic and painter devoted to Symbolism </Li> <Li> Suzanne Valadon ( 1865 -- 1938 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Félix Vallotton ( 1865 -- 1925 ) ( Swiss , worked in France ) , painter , engraver </Li> <Li> Jacqueline Marval ( 1866 - 1932 ) , the pseudonym for Marie Josephine Vallet , French painter </Li> <Li> Pierre Bonnard ( 1867 -- 1947 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Ker - Xavier Roussel ( 1867 -- 1944 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Hector Guimard ( 1867 -- 1942 ) , architect and decorator </Li> <Li> Édouard Vuillard ( 1868 -- 1940 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Georges Lacombe ( 1868 -- 1916 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Émile Bernard ( 1868 -- 1941 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri Matisse ( 1869 -- 1954 ) , painter , other media </Li> <Li> Adolf de Meyer ( 1869 -- 1949 ) , photographer </Li> <Li> Georges d'Espagnat ( 1870 -- 1950 ) , painter , illustrator , engraver </Li> </Ul> <H2> Twentieth century ( pre-World War II ) ( edit ) </H2> <P> See also Post-Impressionism , Modern art , Modernism , Cubism , Puteaux Group , Dada , Surrealism </P> <Ul> <Li> Georges Rouault ( 1871 -- 1958 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Léon Printemps ( 1871 -- 1945 ) , painter </Li> <Li> František Kupka ( 1871 -- 1957 ) ( Czech , worked in France ) , painter </Li> <Li> Henri - Charles Manguin ( 1874 -- 1943 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Albert Marquet ( 1875 -- 1947 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jacques Villon ( 1875 -- 1963 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Constantin Brâncuși ( 1876 -- 1957 ) ( French , born in Romania ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Maurice de Vlaminck ( 1876 -- 1958 ) ( Flemish , worked in France ) , painter </Li> <Li> Raymond Duchamp - Villon ( 1876 -- 1918 ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Raoul Dufy ( 1877 -- 1953 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean Crotti ( 1878 -- 1958 ) ( Swiss ) , painter </Li> <Li> Louis Marcoussis ( Louis Markus ) ( 1878 -- 1941 or 1883 -- 1941 ) ( Polish , worked in France ) , painter </Li> <Li> Francis Picabia ( 1879 -- 1953 ) , painter </Li> <Li> André Derain ( 1880 -- 1954 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Joseph Hémard ( 1880 -- 1961 ) , illustrator </Li> <Li> Albert Gleizes ( 1881 -- 1952 ) , painter , writer , theorist </Li> <Li> Henri Le Fauconnier ( 1881 -- 1946 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Fernand Léger ( 1881 -- 1955 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Georges Braque ( 1882 -- 1963 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Auguste Chabaud ( 1882 -- 1955 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Auguste Herbin ( 1882 -- 1960 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean Metzinger ( 1883 -- 1956 ) , painter , engraver , poet , writer , theorist </Li> <Li> Marie Laurencin ( 1883 -- 1956 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Maurice Utrillo ( 1883 -- 1955 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Georges Ribemont - Dessaignes ( 1884 -- 1974 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jacques Maroger ( 1884 -- 1962 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Robert Delaunay ( 1885 -- 1941 ) , painter </Li> <Li> André Dunoyer de Segonzac ( 1884 -- 1974 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Raymond Wintz ( 1884 -- 1956 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Pierre Brissaud ( 1885 -- 1964 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Roger de La Fresnaye ( 1885 -- 1925 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Robert Antoine Pinchon ( 1886 -- 1943 ) , French Post-Impressionist painter of the Rouen School ( l'École de Rouen ) </Li> <Li> Amédée Ozenfant ( 1886 -- 1956 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jean ( Hans ) Arp ( 1886 -- 1966 ) , painter , sculptor </Li> <Li> Marc Chagall ( 1887 -- 1985 ) ( born in Belarus ) , painter </Li> <Li> Marcel Duchamp ( 1887 -- 1968 ) , painter , sculptor , other media </Li> <Li> Suzanne Duchamp - Crotti ( 1889 -- 1963 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Ossip Zadkine ( 1890 -- 1967 ) ( Russian born ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Jacques Lipchitz ( 1891 -- 1973 ) ( born in Lithuania ) , sculptor </Li> <Li> Max Ernst ( 1891 -- 1976 ) ( German born ) , painter , sculptor </Li> <Li> Louis Favre ( 1892 - 1956 ) , painter , creator of lithographs </Li> <Li> Bram van Velde ( 1892 -- 1981 ) ( Dutch , worked in France ) , painter </Li> <Li> Chaïm Soutine ( 1894 -- 1943 ) ( born in Belarus ) , painter </Li> <Li> Jacques Henri Lartigue ( 1894 -- 1986 ) , photographer </Li> <Li> Jean Maurice Rothschild ( 1902 -- 1998 ) , furniture artist , interior designer , muralist </Li> <Li> Gen Paul ( 1895 -- 1975 ) , painter , engraver </Li> <Li> Albert Gilles ( 1895 -- 1979 ) , metal embosser , working with copper </Li> <Li> André Masson ( 1896 -- 1987 ) , painter </Li> <Li> René Iché ( 1897 -- 1954 ) , sculptor , painter </Li> <Li> Jean Fautrier ( 1898 -- 1964 ) , painter </Li> <Li> Georges Gimel ( 1898 -- 1962 ) , painter , engraver , sculptor </Li> <Li> Henri Michaux ( 1899

The 19th-century artist who was both a painter and a graphic designer was

Who was the 19th c. artist who was both painter and graphic designer?

6301453363028517703

`` But Seriously , Folks , '' after Phyllis Diller ( who was there as an audience member ) hogs his slot at a comedy club , deciding to change his name to Joe and become a serious businessman . He reverses his decision after D.J. decides to quit practicing the guitar , realizing that he is not setting a good example . Although there was some tension between Joey and Jesse when they first move in with the Tanners , they quickly become good friends to the point where Jesse asks Joey to be his best man at his wedding . Even so , Joey 's perceived immaturity does irritate Jesse at times . Joey usually handles the day - to - day raising of the kids by doing chores like making meals , driving the kids to school appointments , and after school activities , taking care of Michelle as a baby , and helping the kids with their homework . Joey also buys D.J. her first car for her 16th birthday in the season six episode `` Grand Gift Auto , '' which ends up getting repossessed after the police discover that the car had been stolen ; Joey nearly moves out again after the family 's attempts to try illustrate that Joey is not capable of committing a crime make him believe that the rest of the family thinks of him as a big joke . It is in this episode that Joey reveals that he had wished to have siblings as he grew up as an only child ( even imaging that he was part of The Brady Bunch ) , and that being part of the Tanner family gave him the extended family he always wanted . In season four 's `` Viva Las Joey , '' Joey is reunited with his estranged father ( at the arrangement of Stephanie and D.J. ) , a former serviceman in the Armed Forces , with whom Joey did not get along with growing up due to his strict parenting style and his disapproval of Joey 's dream of being a comedian ; his father realizes that Joey made the right career decision when he sees his son 's routine when Joey is invited as an opening act for Wayne Newton in Las Vegas . </P> <P> Joey has held various jobs in addition to his work as a stand - up comic . For a while during seasons two and three , Joey and Jesse run an advertising business , J&J Creative Services , in which they partnered to compose jingles for television and radio commercials . In season four 's `` Joey Goes Hollywood , '' Joey wins a role he secretly auditions for in a sitcom co-starring Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello called Surf 's Up . Joey 's most successful job was portraying `` Ranger Joe , '' on an afternoon children 's variety television show . He was given the job to replace retiring original host `` Ranger Roy '' in season five 's `` The Legend of Ranger Joe , '' only to be fired after triggering Roy 's acute physical paranoia when hugging him as a thank you ; after Danny informs Joey of this while telling him of his firing , Joey ends up saving Roy from a `` hug - o - gram '' that he had sent to gratitude for the job ; he then gets rehired after Roy becomes impressed with Joey 's hosting skills when he takes over for Roy on his last show . Ranger Joe 's sidekick is his wise - cracking woodchuck marionette puppet `` Mr. Woodchuck '' ( first seen in `` The Legend of Ranger Joe '' and last seen in `` Michelle Rides Again '' ) . Joey quits his job in season six 's `` Radio Days , '' after he becomes disgruntled with his boss Mr. Strowbridge 's wife as his co-host . Jesse and Joey subsequently become co-hosts of a successful afternoon show on radio station KFLH called , Rush Hour Renegades . Besides his impressions , much of Joey 's humor comes from his depiction as a man child , particularly the fact that he still watches cartoons as an adult and has an extensive knowledge of animation . </P> <P> Joey has moved to Las Vegas in Fuller House , and is now married with four kids . His wife Ginger is a magician , and their kids , Phyllis , Lewis , Joan , and Jerry are very loud and obnoxious kids . Joey and his kids are moving back to San Francisco since his wife will be working as a magician on a cruise ship for six months . He also bought back the Smash Club with Jesse . </P> <H3> D.J. Tanner </H3> <P> Donna Jo Margaret `` D.J. '' Tanner ( portrayed by Candace Cameron Bure ) is Danny and Pam 's oldest child . Over the course of the show 's run , D.J. attends Frasier Street Elementary , Van Atta Junior High and Bayview High School . In the pilot episode `` Our Very First Show , '' she ends up having to share her bedroom with Stephanie in order to allow Jesse to move into Stephanie 's old bedroom ; due to problems with privacy regarding Stephanie , in the season five episode `` Take My Sister , Please , '' she sells Danny on an idea to switch rooms with Michelle , who in turn would move in with Stephanie ( only after convincing Michelle to move in with Stephanie , after she rejects the offer to move in with her older sister ) . </P> <P> D.J. is typically the daughter who acts the most practical , often giving advice to her younger sisters , Michelle and Stephanie . Although she sometimes bickers with them , she cares for them deeply . As D.J. entered into middle school , she started to deal with more serious issues like puberty and dating . She has her first serious relationship with Steve Hale ( who was first introduced in the season five episode `` Sisters in Crime '' ) , who later becomes a real fixture in her life ( and a regular character beginning in season six ) when their characters return from a summer abroad in Spain . Their relationship lasts until they break up in the season seven episode `` Love on the Rocks , '' when they realize that the passion in their relationship is gone , but they agree to remain friends . D.J. has on - and - off relationships ( during the show 's final season ) with guitarist Viper ( a member of Jesse 's new band Hot Daddy and the Monkey Puppets ) and rich kid Nelson , but both relationships do not last ( the two end up vying for D.J. 's affections in the season eight episode `` D.J. 's Choice , '' only for D.J. to reject them both after their fighting gets to be too much for her to bear ) . In the series finale `` Michelle Rides Again , '' Steve shows up at the Tanner house to take D.J. to her senior prom and they share a kiss . Her best friend throughout the show was next - door neighbor Kimmy Gibbler , who was the complete opposite of D.J. in every way . In season eight , D.J. gets accepted to University of California , Berkeley and it is implied she will go to college there after graduating high school ( after she was rejected from her first choice , Stanford University ) . </P> <P> In Fuller House , D.J. is a recent widow and mother of three kids ; Jackson , Max and Tommy , and moves in with Stephanie and Kimmy . D.J. has since become a veterinarian . When her boss retires he has his son , Matt Harmon and D.J. take over the pet clinic . Matt and Steve fight for D.J. 's affection but they both end up dating other people when she 's not ready to commit someone new yet . Realizing they have feelings for each other , Matt breaks up with his girlfriend , and starts dating D.J. On the way to Steve 's wedding in Japan , D.J. who 's preparing to fall asleep , and wearing a sleeping mask reveals to Kimmy that she was going to pick Steve not Matt , and feels like she 's losing her soulmate . Unbeknownst to her Steve was the one who heard her confession not Kimmy . Steve tells Kimmy what she said , and he was going to confront D.J. but he saw Matt proposing to her . The next day before the wedding starts Kimmy tells D.J. that Steve was the one who heard what she said on the plane . At the alter Steve calls off the wedding , and D.J. breaks off her engagement to Matt . Back home the two wait a month before they will start dating again . After her their third first date , Steve tells her that the Lakers want him to be the team 's foot doctor . He chooses to stay with her but D.J. called the team and said that he will take the job . </P> <H3> Stephanie Tanner </H3> <P> Stephanie Judith Tanner ( portrayed by Jodie Sweetin ) is the witty , sarcastic middle child of Danny and Pam , the younger sister of D.J. , and the older sister of Michelle . Her mother died when she was five years old . Her catchphrases during the early seasons of the series include `` how rude ! , '' `` well , pin a rose on your nose ! '' and `` hot dog '' . She eventually evolved into something of a tomboy in seasons four and five . Stephanie has a habit of spying on D.J. 's life by reading her diary and eavesdropping on her telephone calls ( having been caught in the act several times ) , and is generally the most athletic and nosiest of the Tanner girls . Her best friends in school are Gia Mahan and Mickey , whom she meets in season seven ( the former is the only one who appears through to season eight ) . Of the three sisters , Stephanie has dealt with the toughest issues , such as peer pressure into smoking ( in season seven 's `` Fast Friends '' ) , `` make - out '' parties ( in season eight 's `` Making Out is Hard to Do '' ) , joyriding ( in season eight 's `` Stephanie 's Wild Ride '' ) , and uncovering a classmate 's child abuse ( in season six 's `` Silence is Not Golden '' ) , as well as the death of her mother when she was only five . In her early years , she is very sentimental about Mr. Bear , a stuffed animal that her mother gave to her after Michelle was born ( this was the focal point of the season two episode `` Goodbye Mr. Bear '' ) . She and Jesse are the most abrasive when it comes to how they feel about Kimmy Gibbler . </P> <P> In Fuller House , Stephanie volunteers to give up her life in London to move back into her childhood home to help take care of her sister 's three kids . Kimmy volunteers to move in as well much to Stephanie 's dismay but she soon puts her abrasive feelings aside , and becomes friends with her . Stephanie confesses to D.J. that she ca n't have kids but wants to . Stephanie starts a relationship with Kimmy 's younger brother Jimmy . Becky schedules Stephanie for a pelvic exam and turns out she has three vivable eggs and can have a baby via surrogacy . Since she has n't been dating Jimmy for that long she does n't want to put pressure on him for being the father , and throwing him into a

On the TV show Full House, DJ's boyfriend's name is

What is dj's boyfriends name on full house?

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Real Chance of Love ( season 2 ) - wikipedia <H1> Real Chance of Love ( season 2 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Real Chance of Love 2 : Back in the Saddle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Cast of Real Chance of Love 2 : Back in the Saddle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Cris Abrego Mark Cronin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Kamal Givens Ahmad Givens </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Stallionaires </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Cris Abrego Mark Cronin Ben Samek Jeff Olde ( VH1 ) Jill Holmes ( VH1 ) Kristen Kelly ( VH1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 60 minutes ( including commercials ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> 51 Minds Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> VH1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> August 3 ( 2009 - 08 - 03 ) -- October 26 , 2009 ( 2009 - 10 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Real Chance of Love </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> I Love Money 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Real Chance of Love 2 : Back in the Saddle is the second season of the VH1 reality television dating series Real Chance of Love . Ahmad Givens ( Real ) and Kamal Givens ( Chance ) , former contestants on I Love New York are the central figures . The show premiered August 3 , 2009 . The show features twenty female contestants taking part in various challenges . Real and Chance appeared on Chelsea Lately on May 25 , 2009 to talk about the second season of Real Chance of Love , which was in production at the time . Ultimately , Ahmad ( Real ) selected Doll , while Kamal ( Chance ) selected Hot Wings . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Contestants </Li> <Li> 2 Elimination Order </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Back in the Saddle Bros </Li> <Li> 3.2 Love is in the Stallionaire </Li> <Li> 3.3 Girls Gone Viral </Li> <Li> 3.4 Yeti Set Go </Li> <Li> 3.5 Take A Chance Or Get Real </Li> <Li> 3.6 Pushin Product </Li> <Li> 3.7 Animals Are Awesome </Li> <Li> 3.8 Stallionaire Court </Li> <Li> 3.9 Whine 's and Cheese </Li> <Li> 3.10 Poca Face </Li> <Li> 3.11 Clip Show </Li> <Li> 3.12 Welcome in Miami , Beeotch </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Contestants ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Nickname </Th> <Th> Real name </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Eliminated </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Jackie DaFonseca </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Winner ( Real 's choice ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Kamille Leai </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Winner ( Chance 's choice ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Michelle Cervantes </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Episode 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Gabrielle Carey </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Episode 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Nancy Rodriguez </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Episode 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Tamara Moore </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Episode 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Amparo Rosa </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Episode 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Kaylana Reese </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Episode 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Kip Force </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Episode 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Shirley Alvarez </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Episode 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> Tricia Higgins </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Episode 6 ( Quit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td> Myrline Richards </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Episode 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td> Dolly Gray </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Episode 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td> Diana Hughes </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Episode 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aloha </Td> <Td> Raschelle Rawlins </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Episode 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wiggly </Td> <Td> Kayla Baker </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Episode 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freckles </Td> <Td> Jennifer Antoinette </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Episode 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ribbon </Td> <Td> Olympia Norris </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Episode 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vegas </Td> <Td> Tina Ulman </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Episode 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Show Me </Td> <Td> Amber Mountjoy </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Episode 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Elimination order ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Real & Chance 's Call - out Order <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Contestants </Th> <Th colspan="13"> Episodes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> <Th> 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> 9 </Th> <Th> 10 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> 12 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Aloha </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td> Aloha </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Freckles </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Hot Wings </Td> <Td> Doll </Td> <Td> Aloha </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Classy </Td> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> PS </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td> Flirty </Td> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Pocahontas </Td> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td> Blonde Baller </Td> <Td> Junk </Td> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> PS </Td> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td> Lady </Td> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td> Apple </Td> <Td colspan="8"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> Ribbon </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> Mamacita </Td> <Td> Aloha </Td> <Td colspan="9"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> Sassy </Td> <Td> Wiggly </Td> <Td> Wiggly </Td> <Td colspan="10"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> Show Me </Td> <Td> Freckles </Td> <Td colspan="11"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> Spanish Fly </Td> <Td> Ribbon </Td> <Td colspan="11"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> Vegas </Td> <Td> Vegas </Td> <Td colspan="11"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> Wiggly </Td> <Td> Show Me </Td> <Td colspan="11"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dd> The contestant won the competition as Real 's selection . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant won the competition as Chance 's selection . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant got a `` R '' chain from Real . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant got a `` C '' chain from Chance . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant got a Stallionaire `` R / C '' chain from Real & Chance . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant did not receive a chain , but was allowed to stay . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant was eliminated . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant quit the competition . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant was eliminated due to physical violence . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant was eliminated before the elimination ceremony . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant won a date with Real . </Dd> <Dd> The contestant won a date with Chance . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> In Episode Four , Chance was going to decide to eliminate Blonde Baller or Junk , but he decided to let them stay for another night . </Li> <Li> In Episode Six , PS said she wanted to quit so the boys did not give out anymore chains , therefore the names are in alphabetical order after Blonde Baller and Mamacita , both of whom were given Chance chains at the ceremony . </Li> <Li> Also in Episode 6 , there was a challenge between Real 's Girls and Chance 's Girls , having Tony Little select the winners . </Li> <Li> In Episode Ten , Real was going to decide to eliminate Pocahontas or Sassy , but he decided to let them stay for the season finale . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Back in the Saddle bros ( edit ) </H3> <P> First aired on August 3 , 2009 </P> <P> Chance and Real have returned for a second season , after both failed to making a lasting connection in season one ; Chance selected no one , and Real 's romantic relationship with Corn Fed ended soon after the show . In season two , the Stallionaires have twenty new women looking for love , and it will be up to Real and Chance to find their `` Stallionettes '' . The season features new twists such as no `` Real girls '' or `` Chance girls '' yet , leading to `` double the competition for their men . '' This twist leads to `` calculated game - play '' for some of the women . After eliminations , only sixteen women will remain in the competition . </P> <Ul> <Li> Bottom 3 : Freckles , Ribbon , Wiggly </Li> <Li> Disqualified : Show Me </Li> <Li> Eliminated : Freckles , Ribbon , Vegas </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Reasons for Elimination </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Show Me : For physically assaulting Vegas after Vegas insulted the other girls . </Li> <Li> Vegas : For provoking Show Me to hit her and instigating . </Li> <Li> Freckles : Neither Real or Chance felt much of a connection . </Li> <Li> Ribbon : She

The winner of Season 2 of "Real Chance of Love" was

Who won season 2 of real chance of love?

-953849400724466906

Huntington 's disease - Wikipedia <H1> Huntington 's disease </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Huntington 's disease </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Synonyms </Th> <Td> Huntington 's chorea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> An edited microscopic image of medium spiny neurons ( yellow ) with nuclear inclusions ( orange ) , which occur as part of the disease process , image width 360 μm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Specialty </Th> <Td> Neurology </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Symptoms </Th> <Td> Problems with mood , mental abilities , coordination , jerky body movements </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Complications </Th> <Td> Pneumonia , heart disease , physical injury from falls , suicide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Usual onset </Th> <Td> 30 -- 50 years old </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> Long term </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Causes </Th> <Td> Genetic ( inherited or new mutation ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Diagnostic method </Th> <Td> Genetic testing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Similar conditions </Th> <Td> Sydenham 's chorea , benign hereditary chorea , lupus , paraneoplastic syndrome , Wilson 's disease </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Treatment </Th> <Td> Supportive care </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Medication </Th> <Td> Tetrabenazine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prognosis </Th> <Td> 15 -- 20 years from diagnosis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> 4 -- 15 in 100,000 ( European descent ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Huntington 's disease ( HD ) , also known as Huntington 's chorea , is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells . The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental abilities . A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow . As the disease advances , uncoordinated , jerky body movements become more apparent . Physical abilities gradually worsen until coordinated movement becomes difficult and the person is unable to talk . Mental abilities generally decline into dementia . The specific symptoms vary somewhat between people . Symptoms usually begin between 30 and 50 years of age , but can start at any age . The disease may develop earlier in life in each successive generation . About eight percent of cases start before the age of 20 years and typically present with symptoms more similar to Parkinson 's disease . People with HD often underestimate the degree of their problems . </P> <P> HD is typically inherited from a person 's parents , although up to 10 % of cases are due to a new mutation . The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in either of an individual 's two copies of a gene called Huntingtin . This means a child of an affected person typically has a 50 % chance of inheriting the disease . The Huntingtin gene provides the genetic information for a protein that is also called `` huntingtin '' . Expansion of CAG ( cytosine - adenine - guanine ) triplet repeats in the gene coding for the Huntingtin protein results in an abnormal protein , which gradually damages cells in the brain , through mechanisms that are not fully understood . Diagnosis is by genetic testing , which can be carried out at any time , regardless of whether or not symptoms are present . This fact raises several ethical debates : the age at which an individual is considered mature enough to choose testing ; whether parents have the right to have their children tested ; and managing confidentiality and disclosure of test results . </P> <P> There is no cure for HD . Full - time care is required in the later stages of the disease . Treatments can relieve some symptoms and in some improve quality of life . The best evidence for treatment of the movement problems is with tetrabenazine . HD affects about 4 to 15 in 100,000 people of European descent . It is rare among Japanese , while the occurrence rate in Africa is unknown . The disease affects men and women equally . Complications such as pneumonia , heart disease , and physical injury from falls reduce life expectancy . Suicide is the cause of death in about 9 % of cases . Death typically occurs fifteen to twenty years from when the disease was first detected . </P> <P> The first likely description of the disease was in 1841 by Charles Oscar Waters . The condition was described in further detail in 1872 by the physician George Huntington , after whom it is named . The genetic basis was discovered in 1993 by an international collaborative effort led by the Hereditary Disease Foundation . Research and support organizations began forming in the late 1960s to increase public awareness , to provide support for individuals and their families , and to promote research . Current research directions include determining the exact mechanism of the disease , improving animal models to aid with research , testing of medications to treat symptoms or slow the progression of the disease , and studying procedures such as stem cell therapy with the goal of repairing damage caused by the disease . </P> Play media Video explanation <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Signs and symptoms </Li> <Li> 2 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Genetic mutation </Li> <Li> 2.2 Inheritance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Mechanism <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Huntingtin function </Li> <Li> 3.2 Cellular changes </Li> <Li> 3.3 Macroscopic changes </Li> <Li> 3.4 Transcriptional dysregulation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Diagnosis <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Clinical </Li> <Li> 4.2 Predictive genetic testing </Li> <Li> 4.3 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis </Li> <Li> 4.4 Prenatal testing </Li> <Li> 4.5 Differential diagnosis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Management <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Therapy </Li> <Li> 5.2 Medications </Li> <Li> 5.3 Education </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Prognosis </Li> <Li> 7 Epidemiology </Li> <Li> 8 History </Li> <Li> 9 Society and culture <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Ethics </Li> <Li> 9.2 Support organizations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Research directions <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Reducing huntingtin production </Li> <Li> 10.2 Improving cell survival </Li> <Li> 10.3 Neuronal replacement </Li> <Li> 10.4 Clinical trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Signs and symptoms ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Reported rates of behavioral symptoms in Huntington 's disease <Tr> <Td> Irritability </Td> <Td> 38 -- 73 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apathy </Td> <Td> 34 -- 76 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anxiety </Td> <Td> 34 -- 61 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Depressed mood </Td> <Td> 33 -- 69 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Obsessive and compulsive </Td> <Td> 10 -- 52 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Psychotic </Td> <Td> 3 -- 11 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Symptoms of Huntington 's disease most commonly become noticeable between the ages of 35 and 44 years , but they can begin at any age from infancy to old age . In the early stages , there are subtle changes in personality , cognition , and physical skills . The physical symptoms are usually the first to be noticed , as cognitive and behavioral symptoms are generally not severe enough to be recognized on their own at the earlier stages . Almost everyone with Huntington 's disease eventually exhibits similar physical symptoms , but the onset , progression and extent of cognitive and behavioral symptoms vary significantly between individuals . </P> <P> The most characteristic initial physical symptoms are jerky , random , and uncontrollable movements called chorea . Chorea may be initially exhibited as general restlessness , small unintentionally initiated or uncompleted motions , lack of coordination , or slowed saccadic eye movements . These minor motor abnormalities usually precede more obvious signs of motor dysfunction by at least three years . The clear appearance of symptoms such as rigidity , writhing motions or abnormal posturing appear as the disorder progresses . These are signs that the system in the brain that is responsible for movement has been affected . Psychomotor functions become increasingly impaired , such that any action that requires muscle control is affected . Common consequences are physical instability , abnormal facial expression , and difficulties chewing , swallowing , and speaking . Eating difficulties commonly cause weight loss and may lead to malnutrition . Sleep disturbances are also associated symptoms . Juvenile HD differs from these symptoms in that it generally progresses faster and chorea is exhibited briefly , if at all , with rigidity being the dominant symptom . Seizures are also a common symptom of this form of HD . </P> <P> Cognitive abilities are progressively impaired . Especially affected are executive functions , which include planning , cognitive flexibility , abstract thinking , rule acquisition , initiation of appropriate actions , and inhibition of inappropriate actions . As the disease progresses , memory deficits tend to appear . Reported impairments range from short - term memory deficits to long - term memory difficulties , including deficits in episodic ( memory of one 's life ) , procedural ( memory of the body of how to perform an activity ) and working memory . Cognitive problems tend to worsen over time , ultimately leading to dementia . This pattern of deficits has been called a subcortical dementia syndrome to distinguish it from the typical effects of cortical dementias e.g. Alzheimer 's disease . </P> <P> Reported neuropsychiatric manifestations are anxiety , depression , a reduced display of emotions ( blunted affect ) , egocentrism , aggression , and compulsive behavior , the latter of which can cause or worsen addictions , including alcoholism , gambling , and hypersexuality . Difficulties in recognizing other people 's negative expressions have also been observed . The prevalence of these symptoms is highly variable between studies , with estimated rates for lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders between 33 % and 76 % . For many sufferers and their families , these symptoms are among the most distressing aspects of the disease , often affecting daily functioning and constituting reason for institutionalization . Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts are more common than in the general population . Often individuals have reduced awareness of chorea , cognitive and emotional impairments . </P> <P> Mutant Huntingtin is expressed throughout the body and associated with abnormalities in peripheral tissues that are directly caused by such expression outside the brain . These abnormalities include muscle atrophy , cardiac failure , impaired glucose tolerance , weight loss , osteoporosis , and testicular atrophy . </P> <H2> Genetics ( edit ) </H2> <P> All humans have two copies of the Huntingtin gene ( HTT ) , which codes for the protein Huntingtin ( HTT ) . The gene is also called HD and IT15 , which stands for ' interesting transcript 15 ' . Part of this gene is a repeated section called a trinucleotide repeat , which varies in length between individuals and may change length between generations . If the repeat is present in a healthy gene , a dynamic mutation may increase the repeat count and result in a defective gene . When the length of this repeated section reaches a certain threshold , it produces an altered form of the protein , called mutant Huntingtin protein ( mHTT ) . The differing functions of these proteins are the cause of pathological changes which in turn cause the disease symptoms . The Huntington 's disease mutation is genetically dominant and almost fully penetrant : mutation of either of a person 's HTT alleles causes the disease . It is not inherited according to sex , but the length of the repeated section of the gene and hence its severity can be influenced by the sex of the affected parent . </P> <H3> Genetic mutation ( edit ) </H3> <P> HD is one of several trinucleotide repeat disorders which are caused by the length of a repeated section of a gene exceeding a normal range . The HTT gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 4 at 4p16. 3 . HTT contains a sequence of three DNA bases -- cytosine - adenine - guanine ( CAG )

Huntington's disease got its name from

Where did huntington's disease get its name?

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United States House Committee on Rules - Wikipedia <H1> United States House Committee on Rules </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( March 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Committee on Rules </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 114th United States Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Committee Logo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> April 2 , 1789 ( 1789 - 04 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New session started </Th> <Td> January 3 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Leadership </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chairman </Th> <Td> Pete Sessions ( R ) Since 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ranking Member </Th> <Td> Jim McGovern ( D ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Structure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seats </Th> <Td> 15 members </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Political groups </Th> <Td> Majority ( 11 ) <Ul> <Li> Republican ( 11 ) </Li> </Ul> Minority ( 4 ) <Ul> <Li> Democratic ( 4 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> rules.house.gov </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States House of Representatives </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> History of the United States House of Representatives </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Current members <Ul> <Li> ( by seniority </Li> <Li> by age </Li> <Li> non-voting ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Former members </Li> <Li> Hill committees <Ul> <Li> ( DCCC </Li> <Li> NRCC ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Congressional districts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ( list ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Party leaders </Li> <Li> Democratic Caucus </Li> <Li> Republican Conference </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics and procedure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Committee of the Whole </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Closed session ( list ) </Li> <Li> Saxbe fix </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Committees ( list ) </Li> <Li> Procedures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Origination Clause </Li> <Li> Quorum call </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Unanimous consent </Li> <Li> Salaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Apportionment ( Huntington -- Hill method ) </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Redistricting </Li> <Li> Gerrymandering </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Articles of impeachment </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Self - executing rule </Li> <Li> Rules suspension </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> General ticket </Li> <Li> Plural district </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Places </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States Capitol </Li> <Li> House office buildings <Ul> <Li> ( Cannon </Li> <Li> Ford </Li> <Li> Longworth </Li> <Li> Rayburn ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Committee on Rules , or ( more commonly ) Rules Committee , is a committee of the United States House of Representatives . Rather than being responsible for a specific area of policy , as most other committees are , it is in charge of determining under what rule other bills will come to the floor . As such , it is one of the most powerful committees and is often described as `` an arm of the leadership '' and as the `` traffic cop of Congress . '' A rule is a simple resolution of the House of Representatives , usually reported by the Committee on Rules , to permit the immediate consideration of a legislative measure , notwithstanding the usual order of business , and to prescribe conditions for its debate and amendment . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Jurisdiction </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Members , 115th Congress </Li> <Li> 4 Subcommittees </Li> <Li> 5 Chairs , 1849 -- 1853 and 1880 -- present </Li> <Li> 6 Historical members and subcommittees <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Members , 114th Congress </Li> <Li> 6.2 Subcommittees </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Jurisdiction ( edit ) </H2> <P> When a bill is reported out of one of the other committees , it does not go straight to the House floor , because the House , unlike the United States Senate , does not have unlimited debate and discussion on a bill . Instead , what may be said and done to a bill is strictly limited . This limitation is performed by the Rules Committee . </P> <P> When a bill is reported out of another committee with legislative jurisdiction , it is placed on the appropriate House Calendar for debate . Common practice , though , is for bills reported from committees to be considered in the Rules Committee , which will decide for how long and under what rules the full body will debate the proposition . </P> <P> Consideration by the full body can be in one of two forums : the Committee of the Whole , or on the floor of the full House of Representatives itself . Different traditions govern whether the Committee of the Whole or the House itself will debate a given resolution , and the Rules Committee generally sets the forum under which a proposition will be debated and the amendment / time limitations for every measure , too . For instance , there might be a limit on the number or types of amendments ( proposed changes to the bill ) . Amendments might only be allowed to specific sections of the bill , or no amendments might be allowed at all . Besides control over amendments , the rule issued by the Rules Committee also determines the amount of speaking time assigned on each bill or resolution . If the leadership wants a bill pushed forward quietly , for instance , there might be no debate time scheduled ; if they want attention , they might allow time for lengthy speeches in support of the bill . </P> <P> Between control over amendments , debate , and when measures will be considered , the Rules Committee exerts vast power in the House . As such , the majority party will usually be very keen on controlling it tightly . While most House committees maintain membership in a rough proportion to the full chamber ( If the majority party controls 55 % of the House , it will tend to have 55 % of committee seats ) , membership on the Rules Committee is disproportionately in favor of the majority party . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Rules Committee was formed on April 2 , 1789 , during the first Congress . However , it had nowhere near the powerful role it has today . Instead , it merely proposed general rules for the House to follow when debating bills ( rather than passing a special rule for each bill ) , and was dissolved after proposing these general rules . These general rules still have a great impact on the tone of the House floor today . </P> <P> The Rules Committee , for a long time , lay dormant . For the first fifty years of its existence , it accomplished little beyond simply reaffirming these rules , and its role was very noncontroversial . On June 16 , 1841 , it made a major policy change , reducing from 2 / 3 to 1 / 2 the fraction of votes needed in the House to close debate and vote on a bill . </P> <P> In 1880 , the modern Rules Committee began to emerge from the reorganization of the House Committees . When the Republican party took over the House in the election of 1880 , they quickly realized the power that the Rules Committee possessed . One member , Thomas Brackett Reed ( R - Maine ) , used a seat on the Rules Committee to vault himself to the Speakership , and gained so much power that he was referred to as `` Czar Reed '' . </P> <P> In the 1890s and 1900s , Reed and his successor , Joseph Gurney Cannon ( R - Illinois ) used the Rules Committee to centralize the power of the Speakership . Although their power to place members in committees and perform other functions was limited by a forced rule change in 1910 , the Rules Committee retained its power . However , it ceased to function as the personal project of the Speaker , as it had originally ; instead , as the seniority system took root , it was captured by a coalition of conservative Democrats and Republicans . This state of affairs would continue until the 1960s . </P> <P> In 1961 , Speaker Sam Rayburn ( D - Texas ) , acting on the wishes of the new President John F. Kennedy and the Democratic Study Group , introduced a bill to enlarge the committee from 12 members to 15 , to decrease the power of the arch - conservative chairman , Howard W. Smith ( D - Virginia ) . The bill passed , 217 votes to 212 . However , it was only partially successful ; the Rules Committee continued to block legislation including civil rights and education bills . </P> <P> In the 1970s , however , the Rules Committee was firmly under the command of the Speaker once again . As before , its primary role is to come up with special rules , to help or obstruct the chances of legislation reported to it . </P> <H2> Members , 115th Congress ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Majority Party </Th> <Th> Minority Party </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Republican </Th> <Th> Democratic </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pete Sessions , Texas 's 32nd , Chair </Li> <Li> Tom Cole , Oklahoma 's 4th , Vice Chair </Li> <Li> Rob Woodall , Georgia 's 7th </Li> <Li> Michael C. Burgess , Texas 's 26th </Li> <Li> Doug Collins , Georgia 's 9th </Li> <Li> Bradley Byrne , Alabama 's 1st </Li> <Li> Dan Newhouse , Washington 's 4th </Li> <Li> Ken Buck , Colorado 's 4th </Li> <Li> Liz Cheney , Wyoming 's at - large </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jim McGovern , Massachusetts 's 2nd , Ranking Member </Li> <Li> Alcee Hastings , Florida 's 20th </Li> <Li> Jared Polis , Colorado 's 2nd , Vice Ranking Member </Li> <Li> Norma Torres , California 's 35th </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sources : H. Res. 6 ( R ) , H. Res. 7 ( D ) . </P> <H2> Subcommittees ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Rules Committee operates with two subcommittees , one focusing on legislative and budget matters and the other focusing on the internal operations and procedures of the House . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Subcommittee </Th> <Th> Chair </Th> <Th> Ranking Member </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legislative and Budget Process </Td> <Td> Rob Woodall ( R - GA ) </Td> <Td> Alcee Hastings ( D - FL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rules and the Organization of the House </Td> <Td> Rich Nugent ( R - FL ) </Td> <Td> Jim McGovern ( D - MA ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Source : House Committee on Rules Subcommittees </P> <H2> Chairs , 1849 -- 1853 and 1880 -- present ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Committee on Rules was first a standing committee of the House , during the 31st and 32nd Congresses ( 1849 -- 1853 ) . From 1853 until 1880 , the panel reverted to being a select committee ( as it had been before 1849 ) . </P> <P> Between 1880 and the revolt against Speaker Cannon , in March 1910 , the Speaker of the House also served as Chairman of the Rules Committee . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chair </Th> <Th> Party </Th> <Th> State

The House of Rules Committee is an important part of the legislative process because it

The house of rules committee is an important part of the legislative process because it?

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<Td> XXXIII </Td> <Td> Shanahan , Mike Mike Shanahan ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos B ! Denver Broncos </Td> <Td> Atlanta Falcons </Td> <Td> Reeves , Dan Dan Reeves ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 34 -- 19 </Td> <Td> Pro Player Stadium in Miami , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> January 30 , 2000 </Td> <Td> XXXIV </Td> <Td> Vermeil , Dick Dick Vermeil </Td> <Td> St. Louis Rams A ! St. Louis Rams </Td> <Td> Tennessee Titans </Td> <Td> Fisher , Jeff Jeff Fisher </Td> <Td> 23 -- 16 </Td> <Td> Georgia Dome in Atlanta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> January 28 , 2001 </Td> <Td> XXXV </Td> <Td> Billick , Brian Brian Billick </Td> <Td> Baltimore Ravens </Td> <Td> New York Giants A ! New York Giants </Td> <Td> Fassel , Jim Jim Fassel </Td> <Td> 34 -- 07 ! 34 -- 7 </Td> <Td> Raymond James Stadium in Tampa , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 3 , 2002 </Td> <Td> XXXVI </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick </Td> <Td> New England Patriots A ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> St. Louis Rams B ! St. Louis Rams </Td> <Td> Martz , Mike Mike Martz </Td> <Td> 20 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> January 26 , 2003 </Td> <Td> XXXVII </Td> <Td> Gruden , Jon Jon Gruden </Td> <Td> Tampa Bay Buccaneers </Td> <Td> Oakland Raiders B ! Oakland Raiders </Td> <Td> Callahan , Bill Bill Callahan </Td> <Td> 48 -- 21 </Td> <Td> Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 1 , 2004 </Td> <Td> XXXVIII </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> New England Patriots B ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> Carolina Panthers </Td> <Td> Fox , John John Fox </Td> <Td> 32 -- 29 </Td> <Td> Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 6 , 2005 </Td> <Td> XXXIX </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> New England Patriots C ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> Philadelphia Eagles B ! Philadelphia Eagles </Td> <Td> Reid , Andy Andy Reid </Td> <Td> 24 -- 21 </Td> <Td> Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 5 , 2006 </Td> <Td> XL </Td> <Td> Cowher , Bill Bill Cowher </Td> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers E ! Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> <Td> Seattle Seahawks A ! Seattle Seahawks </Td> <Td> Holmgren , Mike Mike Holmgren ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 21 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Ford Field in Detroit , Michigan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 4 , 2007 </Td> <Td> XLI </Td> <Td> Dungy , Tony Tony Dungy </Td> <Td> Indianapolis Colts B ! Indianapolis Colts </Td> <Td> Chicago Bears </Td> <Td> Smith , Lovie Lovie Smith </Td> <Td> 29 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Dolphin Stadium in Miami Gardens , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 3 , 2008 </Td> <Td> XLII </Td> <Td> Coughlin , Tom Tom Coughlin </Td> <Td> New York Giants C ! New York Giants </Td> <Td> New England Patriots C ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick </Td> <Td> 17 -- 14 </Td> <Td> University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale , Arizona </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 1 , 2009 </Td> <Td> XLIII </Td> <Td> Tomlin , Mike Mike Tomlin </Td> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers F ! Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> <Td> Arizona Cardinals </Td> <Td> Whisenhunt , Ken Ken Whisenhunt </Td> <Td> 27 -- 23 </Td> <Td> Raymond James Stadium in Tampa , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 7 , 2010 </Td> <Td> XLIV </Td> <Td> Payton , Sean Sean Payton </Td> <Td> New Orleans Saints </Td> <Td> Indianapolis Colts B ! Indianapolis Colts </Td> <Td> Caldwell , Jim Jim Caldwell </Td> <Td> 31 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Sun Life Stadium in Miami Gardens , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 6 , 2011 </Td> <Td> XLV </Td> <Td> McCarthy , Mike Mike McCarthy </Td> <Td> Green Bay Packers D ! Green Bay Packers </Td> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers B ! Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> <Td> Tomlin , Mike Mike Tomlin </Td> <Td> 31 -- 25 </Td> <Td> Cowboys Stadium in Arlington , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 5 , 2012 </Td> <Td> XLVI </Td> <Td> Coughlin , Tom Tom Coughlin ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> New York Giants D ! New York Giants </Td> <Td> New England Patriots D ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 21 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , Indiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 3 , 2013 </Td> <Td> XLVII </Td> <Td> Harbaugh , John John Harbaugh </Td> <Td> Baltimore Ravens D ! Baltimore Ravens </Td> <Td> San Francisco 49ers D ! San Francisco 49ers </Td> <Td> Harbaugh , Jim Jim Harbaugh </Td> <Td> 34 -- 31 </Td> <Td> Mercedes - Benz Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 2 , 2014 </Td> <Td> XLVIII </Td> <Td> Carroll , Pete Pete Carroll </Td> <Td> Seattle Seahawks A ! Seattle Seahawks </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos E ! Denver Broncos </Td> <Td> Fox , John John Fox ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 43 -- 8 </Td> <Td> MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 1 , 2015 </Td> <Td> XLIX </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> New England Patriots H ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> Seattle Seahawks B ! Seattle Seahawks </Td> <Td> Carroll , Pete Pete Carroll </Td> <Td> 28 -- 24 </Td> <Td> University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale , Arizona </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 7 , 2016 </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Kubiak , Gary Gary Kubiak </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos C ! Denver Broncos </Td> <Td> Carolina Panthers B ! Carolina Panthers </Td> <Td> Rivera , Ron Ron Rivera </Td> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 5 , 2017 </Td> <Td> LI </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> New England Patriots H ! New England Patriots </Td> <Td> Atlanta Falcons B ! Atlanta Falcons </Td> <Td> Quinn , Dan Dan Quinn </Td> <Td> 34 -- 28 ( OT ) </Td> <Td> NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> February 4 , 2018 </Td> <Td> LII </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Coaches with multiple Super Bowl appearances ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Elected to Hall of Fame as Coach </Td> <Td> Elected to Hall of Fame as Player </Td> <Td> Active Coach </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The following NFL head coaches have coached in two or more Super Bowls . </P> <P> Sort chart by clicking arrows by heading . In descending order , the tiebreakers are -- 1 ) Better win percentage 2 ) Earliest Super Bowl </P> <Table> Coaches listed by Games 1st , Wins 2nd , then Super Bowl number <Tr> <Th> Games </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Wins </Th> <Th> Losses </Th> <Th> Percent </Th> <Th> Super Bowls </Th> <Th> Team ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Belichick , Bill Bill Belichick </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 2.9 ! 2 </Td> <Td> . 714 </Td> <Td> s ! XXXVI , XXXVIII , XXXIX , XLII , XLVI , XLIX , LI </Td> <Td> New England Patriots </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Shula , Don Don Shula </Td> <Td> 2.1 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 4.9 ! 4 </Td> <Td> . 340 ! . 333 </Td> <Td> c ! III , VI , VII , VIII , XVII , XIX </Td> <Td> Baltimore Colts , Miami Dolphins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Landry , Tom Tom Landry </Td> <Td> 2.2 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 3.9 ! 3 </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> <Td> e ! V , VI , X , XII , XIII </Td> <Td> Dallas Cowboys </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Noll , Chuck Chuck Noll </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0.9 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.410 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> f ! IX , X , XIII , XIV </Td> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gibbs , Joe Joe Gibbs </Td> <Td> 3.8 ! 3 </Td> <Td> 1.9 ! 1 </Td> <Td> . 750 </Td> <Td> j ! XVII , XVIII , XXII , XXVI </Td> <Td> Washington Redskins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Grant , Bud Bud Grant </Td> <Td> . 9 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 4.8 ! 4 </Td> <Td> - 7 ! . 000 </Td> <Td> d ! IV , VIII , IX , XI </Td> <Td> Minnesota Vikings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Levy , Marv Marv Levy </Td> <Td> . 8 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 4.7 ! 4.8 ! 4 </Td> <Td> - 6 ! . 000 </Td> <Td> n ! XXV , XXVI , XXVII , XXVIII </Td> <Td> Buffalo Bills </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Reeves , Dan Dan Reeves </Td> <Td> . 7 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 4.6 ! 4 </Td> <Td> - 2 ! . 000 </Td> <Td> l ! XXI , XXII , XXIV , XXXIII </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos , Atlanta Falcons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Walsh , Bill Bill Walsh </Td> <Td> 3.9 ! 3 </Td> <Td> 0.8 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.400 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> i ! XVI , XIX , XXIII </Td> <Td> San Francisco 49ers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parcells , Bill Bill Parcells </Td> <Td> 2.3 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 1.8 ! 1 </Td> <Td> . 667 </Td> <Td> k ! XXI , XXV , XXXI </Td> <Td> New York Giants , New England Patriots </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Holmgren , Mike Mike Holmgren </Td> <Td> 1.5 ! 1 </Td> <Td> 2.8 ! 2 </Td> <Td> . 339 ! . 333 </Td> <Td> q ! XXXI , XXXII , XL </Td> <Td> Green Bay Packers , Seattle Seahawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lombardi , Vince Vince Lombardi </Td> <Td> 2.9 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 0.7 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.310 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> a ! I , II </Td> <Td> Green Bay Packers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flores , Tom Tom Flores </Td> <Td> 2.8 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 0.6 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.309 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> g ! XV , XVIII </Td> <Td> Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Johnson , Jimmy Jimmy Johnson </Td> <Td> 2.7 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 0.5 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.308 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> o ! XXVII , XXVIII </Td> <Td> Dallas Cowboys </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seifert , George George Seifert </Td> <Td> 2.6 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 0.4 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.307 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> m ! XXIV , XXIX </Td> <Td> San Francisco 49ers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shanahan , Mike Mike Shanahan </Td> <Td> 2.5 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 0.3 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.306 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> r ! XXXII , XXXIII </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coughlin , Tom Tom Coughlin </Td> <Td> 2.4 ! 2 </Td> <Td> 0.2 ! 0 </Td> <Td> 1.305 ! 1.000 </Td> <Td> t ! XLII , XLVI </Td> <Td> New York Giants </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stram , Hank Hank Stram </Td> <Td> 1.9 ! 1 </Td> <Td> 1.7 ! 1 </Td> <Td> . 510 ! . 500 </Td> <Td> b ! I , IV </Td> <Td> Kansas City Chiefs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vermeil , Dick Dick Vermeil </Td> <Td> 1.8 ! 1 </Td> <Td> 1.6 ! 1 </Td> <Td> . 509 ! . 500 </Td> <Td> h ! XV , XXXIV </Td> <Td> Philadelphia Eagles , St. Louis Rams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cowher , Bill Bill Cowher </Td> <Td> 1.7 ! 1 </Td> <Td> 1.5 ! 1 </Td> <Td> . 508 ! . 500 </Td> <Td> p ! XXX , XL </Td> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tomlin , Mike Mike Tomlin </Td> <Td> 1.6 ! 1 </Td> <Td> 1.4 ! 1 </Td>

The NFL coach with the most Super Bowl rings is

Which nfl coach has the most superbowl rings?

-5407234157766859145

Turducken - wikipedia <H1> Turducken </H1> Jump to : navigation , search 30 lb . roasted turducken Sausage - stuffed turducken cut into quarters to show the internal layers <P> Turducken is a dish consisting of a deboned chicken stuffed into a deboned duck , further stuffed into a deboned turkey . Outside of the United States and Canada , it is known as a three bird roast . Gooducken is a traditional English variant , replacing turkey with goose . </P> <P> The word turducken is a portmanteau of turkey , duck , and chicken . The dish is a form of engastration , which is a recipe method in which one animal is stuffed inside the gastric passage of another . </P> <P> The thoracic cavity of the chicken / game hen and the rest of the gaps are stuffed , sometimes with a highly seasoned breadcrumb mixture or sausage meat , although some versions have a different stuffing for each bird . The result is a fairly solid layered poultry dish , suitable for cooking by braising , roasting , grilling , or barbecuing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Variations </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Variations ( edit ) </H2> <P> Credit for the creation of the turducken is uncertain , though it is generally agreed to have been popularized by Cajun chef Paul Prudhomme . The most common claimant is Hebert 's Specialty Meats in Maurice , Louisiana , whose owners Junior and Sammy Hebert say they created it in 1985 `` when a local man brought his own birds to their shop and asked the brothers to create the medley '' . </P> <P> A New Orleans surgeon , Dr. Gerald R. LaNasa , was locally known for his use of a scalpel in deboning his three birds of choice , sometimes adding pork or veal roasts in the final hen 's cavity , thus preserving the turducken tradition as a regional holiday favorite of the southern United States . Andouille sausage and Foie Gras were always key ingredients of the LaNasa creations . The results of Dr. LaNasa 's work can be found in the modern day mass - produced turducken or turduckhen ( another variation adding or substituting a cornish game hen ) . His turkey , duck , and chicken ballotine is now widely commercially available under multiple trademark names . Dr. LaNasa 's innovation and success with ballotine , Three Bird Roast and turducken began mid century , expanding in the 1960s and seventies long before many of the popular commercial Cajun / Creole chefs of today took the stage . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom , a turducken is a type of ballotine called a `` three - bird roast '' or a `` royal roast '' . The Pure Meat Company offered a five - bird roast ( a goose , a turkey , a chicken , a pheasant , and a pigeon , stuffed with sausage ) , described as a modern revival of the traditional Yorkshire Christmas pie , in 1989 ; and a three - bird roast ( a duck stuffed with chicken stuffed with a pigeon , with sage and apple stuffing ) in 1990 . Multi-bird roasts are widely available . </P> <P> In his 1807 Almanach des Gourmands , gastronomist Grimod de La Reynière presents his rôti sans pareil ( `` roast without equal '' ) -- a bustard stuffed with a turkey , a goose , a pheasant , a chicken , a duck , a guinea fowl , a teal , a woodcock , a partridge , a plover , a lapwing , a quail , a thrush , a lark , an ortolan bunting and a garden warbler -- although he states that , since similar roasts were produced by ancient Romans , the rôti sans pareil was not entirely novel . The final bird is very small but large enough to just hold an olive ; it also suggests that , unlike modern multi-bird roasts , there was no stuffing or other packing placed in between the birds . </P> <P> Gooducken is a goose stuffed with a duck , which is in turn stuffed with a chicken . </P> <P> An early form of the recipe was Pandora 's cushion , a goose stuffed with a chicken stuffed with a quail . </P> <P> Another version of the dish is credited to French diplomat and gourmand Charles Maurice de Talleyrand - Périgord . The 1891 newspaper article French Legends Of The Table offers Quail a la Talleyrand : </P> <P> The following for instance , is Talleyrand 's fanciful and somewhat roundabout way of roasting a quail . On a day of `` inspiration gourmande '' at his hotel in the Rue Saint - Florentin , he composed the following recipe : Take a plump quail , seasoned with truffles , and made tender by having been put into champagne . You put it carefully inside a young Bresse chicken ; then sew up the opening , and put dabs of butter all over the chicken . Again , you put the chicken inside a fine Berri turkey , and roast the turkey very carefully before a bright fire . What will be the result ? All the juice of the turkey is absorbed by the fowl , and all the juice of the fowl in its turn by the quail . After two hours roasting the fowl , which in reality it composed of three fowls , is ready , and you place the steaming trinity upon a dish of fine porcelain or chiseled silver . Then you pull the chicken out of the turkey , and the quail out of the chicken . The quail ? Is it correct to talk of the quail , when this delicious , perfumed dish is indeed too good for any name ? You take the quail as you would some sacred relic , and serve it hot , steaming , with its aroma of truffles , after having roasted it to a golden yellow by basting it diligently with the best Gournay butter . </P> <P> The book Passion India : The Story of the Spanish Princess of Kapurthula ( p. 295 ) features a section that recounts a similar dish in India in the late 1800s : `` Invited by Maharajah Ganga Singh to the most extraordinary of dinners , in the palace at Bikaner , when Anita asks her host for the recipe of such a succulent dish , he answers her seriously , `` Prepare a whole camel , skinned and cleaned , put a goat inside it , and inside the goat a turkey and inside the turkey a chicken . Stuff the chicken with a grouse and inside that put a quail and finally inside that a sparrow . Then season it all well , place the camel in a hole in the ground and roast it . '' </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of duck dishes </Li> <Li> List of meat dishes </Li> <Li> Whole stuffed camel </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/article92743.ece </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Engastration '' . Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Turkey Finds Its Inner Duck ( and Chicken ) '' , The New York Times , November 20 , 2002 . Accessed November 21 , 2007 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Trillin , Calvin ( November 2005 ) . `` Turducken Town '' . National Geographic . Washington . Retrieved May 3 , 2010 ... Retrieved on October 13 , 2016 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Walker , Harlan ( ed . ) . Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery , 1990 : feasting and fasting : proceedings . p. 35 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Williams , Anne . `` Send a friend a meal on wheels '' , The Sunday Times ( London ) , December 2 , 1990 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Iredale , Will ( November 21 , 2004 ) . `` TimesOnline.co.uk Three - in - one bird is big this Christmas '' . The Times . London . Retrieved May 3 , 2010 . TimesOnline.co.uk . Retrieved on June 2 , 2008 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Pandoras Cushion '' . Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` French Legends Of The Table '' . The Argus ( Melbourne , Vic. : 1848 -- 1957 ) . Melbourne , Vic. : National Library of Australia . 5 November 1891 . p. 6 . Retrieved 22 June 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Moro , Javier ( 2006 ) . Passion India : The Story of the Spanish Princess of Kapurthala . Translated by Peter J. Hearn , , First Circle Publishing , New Delhi , ISBN 8176211788 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turducken . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Food portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> `` Farm creates £ 665 multibird roast '' . BBC News . December 30 , 2007 </Li> <Li> Turducken at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) </Li> <Li> `` John Madden Arrested For Possession Of Turhumanheaducken '' . The Onion . November 24 , 2005 </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Cajun cuisine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ingredients </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andouille </Li> <Li> Crawfish </Li> <Li> Filé </Li> <Li> Holy trinity </Li> <Li> Louisiana Hot Sauce </Li> <Li> Rice </Li> <Li> Roux </Li> <Li> Steen 's syrup </Li> <Li> Tasso ham </Li> <Li> Tabasco sauce </Li> <Li> Trappey 's Hot Sauce </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Methods </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Baking </Li> <Li> Blackening </Li> <Li> Brochette </Li> <Li> Deep frying </Li> <Li> Fricassée </Li> <Li> Grilling </Li> <Li> Seafood boil </Li> <Li> Smoked meat </Li> <Li> Smothering </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dishes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boudin </Li> <Li> Chaudin </Li> <Li> Couche Couche </Li> <Li> Cracklins </Li> <Li> Crawfish pie </Li> <Li> Dirty rice </Li> <Li> Cochon de Lait </Li> <Li> Étouffée </Li> <Li> Gumbo </Li> <Li> Gumbo des Herbes </Li> <Li> Hog 's Head Cheese </Li> <Li> Jambalaya </Li> <Li> Maque choux </Li> <Li> Pecan praline </Li> <Li> Pistolette </Li> <Li> Red beans and rice </Li> <Li> Rice and gravy </Li> <Li> Sauce Piquante </Li> <Li> Shrimp Creole </Li> <Li> Stuffed Mirliton </Li> <Li> Turducken </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cajun or Cajun - influenced chefs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Besh </Li> <Li> Tony Chachere </Li> <Li> John Folse </Li> <Li> Emeril Lagasse </Li> <Li> Kay Prudhomme </Li> <Li> Paul Prudhomme </Li> <Li> Justin Wilson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> See also </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cuisine of New Orleans </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> English cuisine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Roman times </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Dishes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sausages </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Middle Ages </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Exemplars </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Forme of Cury ( c. 1390 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dishes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Apple pie </Li> <Li> Bacon </Li> <Li> Banbury cake </Li> <Li> Cheesecake </Li> <Li> Custard </Li> <Li> Game pie </Li> <Li> Gingerbread </Li> <Li> Kippers </Li> <Li> Mince pie </Li> <Li> Mortis </Li> <Li> Pasty </Li> <Li> Pease pudding </Li> <Li> Pie </Li> <Li> Pottage </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16th century </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Exemplars </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thomas Dawson ( The Good Huswifes Jewell , 1585 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dishes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Black pudding </Li> <Li> Fruit fool </Li> <Li> Pancake </Li> <Li> Scones </Li>

A dish consisting of a turkey stuffed with a duck stuffed with a chicken is called a

Turkey stuffed with a duck stuffed with a chicken?

2884966474182044344

America 's got Talent ( season 1 ) - wikipedia <H1> America 's got Talent ( season 1 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> America 's Got Talent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season 1 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Broadcast from </Th> <Td> June 21 -- August 17 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judges </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Hasselhoff </Li> <Li> Piers Morgan </Li> <Li> Brandy Norwood </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Host ( s ) </Th> <Td> Regis Philbin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Broadcaster </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Winner </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bianca Ryan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bianca Ryan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Gospel , pop , R&B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Runner - up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> All That & The Millers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> ▶ </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The first season of America 's Got Talent premiered on June 21 , 2006 and concluded on August 17 , 2006 . The audition tour took place in April 2006 , stopping at Los Angeles , New York , and Chicago . Regis Philbin was the host for this season . David Hasselhoff , Brandy Norwood , and Piers Morgan were the judges . This season 's winner was Bianca Ryan . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Selection process </Li> <Li> 2 Auditions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Los Angeles auditions </Li> <Li> 2.2 New York auditions </Li> <Li> 2.3 Chicago auditions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Semifinals <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Semifinals summary </Li> <Li> 3.2 Semifinals , Part 1 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Semifinals , Part 2 </Li> <Li> 3.4 Semifinals , Part 3 </Li> <Li> 3.5 Semifinals , Part 4 </Li> <Li> 3.6 Wildcard summary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Wild Card </Li> <Li> 5 Finals <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Finals summary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Crazy Caliber Talent </Li> <Li> 7 Performers on results shows </Li> <Li> 8 Contestants who appeared on other shows </Li> <Li> 9 Contestants who appeared on other seasons </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Selection process </H2> <P> For the audition round , each of the three judges has a red button in front of them that they can press when they do not want the act to continue ; the button rings an electronic bell and a large red X with the judge 's name lights up over the stage . A louder buzzer indicates the third judge 's button was pressed , and the contestant 's performance is terminated . Then , the judges deliberate over the act and decide if it gets through to the live semi-finals . In the semi-finals , the judges have X 's ( red buttons ) and check marks ( white buttons ) . Acts are divided into four groups of either 14 or 15 , and only 10 of those acts in the group perform . They do not have the power to terminate an act in the middle of his / her performance . At the end of the performance , the judges give the act a check for approval , and an X if they did not like the act . At the end of the episode , the judges would pick an act and automatically move them through to the live finale . Then , the viewers at home would vote another act through to the finale . The act with the most votes from the viewers would move on to the finals and that act would be announced in a live results show the next day . There was also a fifth wild card episode , where the judges picked ten acts who were previously eliminated and give them one more chance to perform . In the finale , there is no judges ' choice , and the voting is entirely handed over to the viewers . </P> <H2> Auditions </H2> <H3> Los Angeles auditions </H3> <Dl> <Dd> Aired June 21 , 2006 , 2 hours </Dd> </Dl> <P> Acts that advanced to the second round include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Bobby Badfingers , a `` professional finger snappist '' from San Francisco , California . He danced to classic 1950s rock , as well . </Li> <Li> Dave the Horn Guy , a man with a plethora of horns attached to his body . He moved different parts of his body to honk the horns , making humorous music . </Li> <Li> At Last , a hip - hop a cappella quartet . </Li> <Li> Kenny Shelton , a juggler from Alpine , California , who was given three Xs for dropping his props , and pleaded for another chance . He survived the first round by successfully juggling three swords on top of a Rola Bola for one minute . </Li> <Li> Bernie Barker , a 65 - year - old male stripper from San Diego . Morgan did not like the act , but Brandy and Hasselhoff voted him through , with Brandy saying she could use him as a backup dancer for her next music video . </Li> <Li> Alexis Jordan , a 14 - year - old R&B singer . All three judges had agreed that she had a ' perfect voice ' . She performed the Whitney Houston song `` I Have Nothing '' . </Li> <Li> Kevin Johnson , a ventriloquist who threw his voice and the voices of his two puppets out of synchronization with lip movements , à la the English - language dub of Godzilla . Morgan buzzed the performance because he thought it was not funny . His buzz was later withdrawn . </Li> <Li> Vladimir Malachikhin , a hand balancing acrobat . </Li> <Li> Team AcroDunk , a group of acrobats from Houston , Texas , who shot basketballs while doing somersaults , backflips , and other tricks on a trampoline . Morgan did not feel they were right for the competition , though he did agree that they could be the next Harlem Globetrotters . Brandy and Hasselhoff gave their total praise for them though . </Li> <Li> Ivan Pecel , a juggler . He did some technical juggling , which did not impress Hasselhoff or Morgan , though Brandy supported him . Morgan reluctantly voted yes on the condition that Ivan step up his performance in the semifinals . </Li> <Li> Nathan Burton , a magician who performed the Bowl - A-Rama magic trick , making a bowling ball appear from a drawing in a large sketchpad . Then , he did a disappearing act involving the `` Microwave of Death '' . Morgan voted `` no , '' but was passed through to the next round . </Li> <Li> Vladik Miagkostoupov , a juggler . All three critics agreed that he was the only good juggler that performed on that day . </Li> <Li> Michael Speaks , a gospel music singer . The judges unanimously sent him through for his great energy and his pop - gospel vibe . </Li> <Li> J.R. Johns and His Best Friends , a dog trainer who did some acrobatic and fast - paced dog tricks . </Li> <Li> Rappin ' Granny , a 73 - year - old rapping grandmother from Castaic , California . </Li> <Li> Sydney `` Syd the Kid '' Park , a young stand - up comedian , </Li> </Ul> <P> Michael Speaks advanced to the second round from the L.A. auditions , but did not compete in any of the semifinal episodes , for reasons not disclosed . </P> <P> Eighteen additional acts from Los Angeles that also made it to the second round were briefly shown at the end of the show , since there were too many performers to fit into a two - hour episode . They include : Celtic Spring , Sugar n ' Spice , Jessica Sanchez , N'Versity , Rabbi Baptiste , George Kelly , Andy Chitanga , Conrad Wright , Shawn Ryan , Sean and John , Natasha Le , Realis , Caitlyn Taylor Love , Marla and Michelle , Hell If I Know , Jesschelle , Trey Knight 's Stilt World , Hoopalicious , and Desperation Squad . </P> <P> Acts that were eliminated include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Blue Velvet , a singing trio , was voted out as soon as they sang their name . They mentioned that they were missing out on their music . </Li> <Li> Shadow Dancers , a troupe of performers who used costumed actors and a donkey to tell some sort of allegorical tale . Neither the judges nor the audience could understand it . The judges refused to vote ; the audience was allowed to vote in their place . </Li> <Li> Eddie Haskell , who played a saw as a musical instrument . He was voted off very quickly , and was visibly angry with the judges as a result . </Li> <Li> Kathy Kavanaugh , a singing harpist . Morgan commented that he would like her to sing at his funeral , as the music was deep and touching , but said it was not the right kind of talent for the show . </Li> <Li> Eric `` Harry Carrey '' Mol , who tried to impersonate the voices of Arnold Schwarzenegger , Yoda and Shaggy Rogers from Scooby - Doo , but appeared to have failed on all accounts . </Li> <Li> Jay Myl , a man in a pirate costume playing `` Tiptoe Through the Tulips '' on a nose flute . After being eliminated , he started insulting the judges . </Li> <Li> Betty Victor , a 76 - year - old woman singing `` God Bless America '' . Morgan single - handedly stopped the act by pushing all three X buttons . </Li> <Li> The Boofont Sisters , a singing duo featuring a woman and a cross-dressing man in matching outfits , singing `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' . Both Morgan and Brandy buzzed them right before they started singing . Hasselhoff said if they got together with Bernie the Stripper , they would have a great act . </Li> <Li> Holy Cow , a man breakdancing in a cow suit that shot milk at the judges . Morgan said he would be popular with children , but not with adults . </Li> <Li> Wildlife Wendy , a zookeeper with an African grey parrot named Wazoo , that was trained to make various sound effects . The judges were not impressed with the performance . </Li> <Li> S. Frank Stringham , a performer who blew up balloons to make parts of a face , then put the parts on while singing Frank Sinatra 's `` All of Me '' . He presented Philbin with a mini replica of him made out of balloons . </Li> </Ul> <H3> New York auditions </H3> <Dl> <Dd> Aired June 28 , 2006 , 1 hour </Dd> </Dl> <P> Acts that advanced to the second round include : </P> <Ul> <Li> All That ! A clog dancing group ; the five men from Myrtle Beach , South Carolina ( who had auditioned in New York ) danced with incredible rhythm and had the audience on their feet in no time . Brandy described the men as worthy of their title and Hasselhoff thought they were `` up front '' , Morgan joked that he did not like them , adding after the audience expressed , `` because all the women in America will love you '' . </Li> <Li> Leonid the Magnificent from Russia ; a tall , flamboyant Adonis with angel 's wings , who balanced a sword tip to tip on a sword held in his mouth . He was noticeably nervous , dropped the sword during his first try , and was rejected . Later in the show , Brandy asked him to be brought back . </Li>

The winner of the first season of America's Got Talent was

Who won the first season of america's got talent?

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Georgia State Panthers football - wikipedia <H1> Georgia State Panthers football </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Georgia State Panthers football </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2017 Georgia State Panthers football team </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First season </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Athletic director </Th> <Td> Charlie Cobb </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> Shawn Elliott 1st season , 7 -- 5 (. 583 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stadium </Th> <Td> Georgia State Stadium ( Capacity : 23,000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Atlanta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Td> Sun Belt Conference </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> All - time record </Th> <Td> 26 -- 66 (. 283 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bowl record </Th> <Td> 1 -- 1 (. 500 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivalries </Th> <Td> Georgia Southern Eagles South Alabama Jaguars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colors </Th> <Td> Blue and White </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fight song </Th> <Td> Fight Panthers , Panther Pride </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mascot </Th> <Td> Pounce </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> GeorgiaStateSports.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Georgia State Panthers football team is the college football program for Georgia State University in Atlanta , Georgia . The Panthers football team was founded in 2010 and currently competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level . The team is a member of the Sun Belt Conference . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Bill Curry era ( 2010 -- 2012 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Trent Miles era ( 2013 -- 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Shawn Elliott era ( 2017 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Rivalries <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Georgia Southern Eagles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Year - by - year results </Li> <Li> 4 Bowl games </Li> <Li> 5 All - time record vs. Sun Belt teams </Li> <Li> 6 Records <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Single - Game Highs </Li> <Li> 6.2 Team Records <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 Offense </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Defense </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.3 Longest Plays </Li> <Li> 6.4 Career Leaders </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Head coaches <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Bill Curry </Li> <Li> 7.2 Trent Miles </Li> <Li> 7.3 Shawn Elliott </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 NFL Players </Li> <Li> 9 Facilities <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Stadium <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 1 Georgia Dome </Li> <Li> 9.1. 2 Georgia State Stadium </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.2 Practice facility </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Future non-conference opponents </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Bill Curry era ( 2010 -- 2012 ) ( edit ) </H3> The crowd of 30,237 during the inaugural game against the Shorter University Hawks <P> In November 2006 , a study commissioned by Georgia State was completed and submitted back to the school . It found Georgia State to be in a good position to begin a competitive football team , and based its remarks on the location and resources of the university . It estimated that total annual expenses by 2012 would be $3.1 million . </P> <P> On April 15 , 2007 , former Atlanta Falcons head coach Dan Reeves was hired by Georgia State as a consultant . </P> <P> On November 1 , 2007 , the university began discussing the possibility of adding football . It found that total costs would cost between $6.2 million and $33.8 million depending on several different factors , including whether a stadium would be built or a preexisting stadium would be used . </P> <P> On April 17 , 2008 , Georgia State launched its football program . On June 12 , 2008 , former Georgia Tech , Alabama , and Kentucky head coach Bill Curry was named as the Georgia State head coach , working on a 5 - year contract . This was followed by the hiring of John Bond as offensive coordinator , John Thompson as defensive coordinator , and George Pugh as assistant head coach , as well as Chris Ward and Anthony Midget . </P> <P> On November 20 , 2008 , ground was broken for a downtown practice facility at 188 Martin Luther King Drive . The facility would eventually be expanded to include a 100 - yard artificial turf field and a 50 - yard natural turf field . The existing buildings were converted into facilities and offices for the football team . </P> <P> On January 4 , 2009 , Mark Hogan , son of former Georgia Tech player Mark Hogan , Sr. , enrolled to play as wide receiver on scholarship , making him the first football player to receive a scholarship from Georgia State . The following month , the program signed its first recruiting class of 27 players , including the three - star running back Parris Lee . </P> <P> On February 25 , 2009 , Georgia State named Cheryl Levick as athletic director . Levick left leaving Maryland , where she had served as the school 's executive senior athletic director . By June 11 , the CAA announced that they Georgia State was joining the conference and would officially begin CAA play during the 2012 season . </P> <P> The Panthers would n't play football until the 2010 season , and so the 2009 season was spent practicing at an NFL facility in downtown Atlanta . 71 players reported on August 14 . </P> Athletic director Cheryl Levick trades helmets with Sun Belt commissioner Karl Benson at the Georgia Dome on April 9 , 2012 <P> Georgia State 's second recruiting class was signed on February 3 , 2010 . The team would go on to hold spring practice beginning on March 23 , and would begin working out at the new practice facility by March 27 . </P> <P> On September 2 , Georgia State played its first football game and home opener against the Shorter Hawks , winning the game 41 -- 7 . The first touchdown was recorded by Parris Lee . A crowd of 30,237 was present at the Georgia Dome including then Georgia governor Sonny Perdue , former mayor Andrew Young , amongst other dignitaries . Later during the last game of the season on November 18 , Georgia State would play FBS defending national champion and number 10 ranked Alabama in Tuscaloosa , Alabama , losing 63 -- 7 . The single touchdown was earned during a kick return by Albert Wilson . Georgia State would finish its inaugural year with a 6 -- 5 record . </P> <P> During its second year of play , the Panthers would record a 3 -- 8 record . The season would be marked by a constant shuffle of quarterbacks after the 2009 starter Drew Little was suspended for the first four games and the second - string quarterback Kelton Hill was arrested prior to the season opener , leaving the punter , Bo Schlecter as starting quarterback . </P> <P> The 2012 season marked the last with Bill Curry as head coach as he had stated that he would retire after the end of the season . Throughout the season , the Panthers were plagued with inconsistencies on both the offense and defense , made worse by injuries on either side and inexperienced quarterbacks . Curry would end his final season ( and only year in the CAA ) with a 1 -- 10 record . The Panthers were not eligible for a post season berth ( through neither the conference 's automatic bid nor an at large bid ) due to their reclassifying status as the team prepared to move up to FBS football in the Sun Belt Conference . This reclassifying status did allow for the Panthers to use more scholarships than the allowed 63 scholarships at the FCS level . On opening day Matt Hubbard surpassed the NCAA record for highest punting average in a single game , but it would end up not counting in the record books due to the reclassification . </P> <P> Georgia State officially announced that it would join the Sun Belt Conference on April 9 , 2012 , during a press conference at the Georgia Dome . The school began full membership on July 1 , 2013 . Georgia State was a founding member of the Sun Belt Conference in 1976 . The Sun Belt participates in Division I FBS , as opposed to FCS . The Panthers were not eligible for postseason play until the 2014 season . </P> <H3> Trent Miles era ( 2013 -- 2016 ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> After Coach Bill Curry announced his retirement in August , the administration hired Parker Executive Search to help find potential candidates . On November 30 , the Atlanta Journal - Constitution reported that the university had hired Trent Miles , head coach of Indiana State University . </P> <P> With Trent Miles ' arrival as new head coach came the Panthers first complete change in uniform since the programs inception . The original uniform consisted solely of 2 different outfits ; a blue home jersey with Panthers written across the chest above the player number and two white stripes on each arm ; and a white away jersey with similar stylings , but with Georgia State written across the chest . Only a single helmet existed , blue and with the secondary GSU emblem on it . Both uniforms used the same white pants with panther heads on them . Initially , an anthracite colored helmet with `` Panthers '' written in stylized script across the sides was unveiled in April 2013 , drawing criticism from fans due to its use of a non-school color and lack of GSU emblem . However , after a two - day - long social media event that had fans unravelling parts of a `` puzzle '' , Miles ' altered uniforms were unveiled , showing up to 12 possible variations . Two different jerseys were shown , a blue home jersey with white numbers and lettering and a white away jersey with blue numbers and lettering . Both uniforms included numbering on the sleeves and player names on the back . The uniforms also included three sets of pants , one pair copying the original whites , a blue pair , and an anthracite pair . Along with these changes , it was announced that the original blue helmet with the GSU insignia on it would still be available as a part of the uniform and would be worn at homecoming . Before each game , the seniors and captains decided which combination will be worn that week . The uniforms drew praise from Atlanta area fashion professionals , who cited it as `` a modern take on a classic style . '' </P> <P> During his tenure as head coach , Miles would oversee the transition of football from the FCS to the FBS , the highest level of football in the NCAA as members of the Sun Belt conference . With this move came a significant increase in opposition quality , as well as an increase in the number of scholarships available for the team . During the transition year from FCS to FBS , and the first year in which Miles coached , the Panthers would achieve zero wins , accruing a final record of 0 - 12 , 0 - 7 in conference . While the following year would mark only a single win against the lone FCS opponent , the 2015 season would end with a 6 - 7 record , 5 - 3 in the Sun Belt and a loss at the Panthers ' first bowl game , the Cure Bowl . The 2016 season would see only three wins , and after the 10th game , Miles was relieved from duty as head coach , leaving Lappano as interim head coach for the final two games . </P> <H3> Shawn Elliott era ( 2017 -- present ) ( edit ) </H3>

Georgia State University established its football team in

When did ga state get a football team?

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, Shawn and Juliet share a meaningful glance . </Li> <Li> `` Talk Derby to Me '' ( 3.07 ) - Shawn sets up a romantic dinner for Juliet and himself , complete with music , candles , and flowers . She can not stay , however , because she has to follow a lead . When that lead turns out to be a red herring , Shawn takes the blame for the mistake . After the case is closed , Shawn and Juliet go on a couples skate - alone at the roller rink and brush hands several times ; as the camera zooms out , their hands pressed together , though they are not actually holding hands . </Li> <Li> `` Gus Walks into a Bank '' ( 3.08 ) - Shawn and Juliet have a minor squabble about her decision to date Cameron Luntz , the head of SWAT . Shawn eventually tells her it is okay , he just wants her to be happy . When Juliet 's date with Luntz for that evening is cancelled , she finds Shawn at the Psych office . The two take a stroll on the boardwalk eating hot dogs . </Li> <Li> `` Christmas Joy '' ( 3.09 ) - Shawn , while discussing an old flame with Juliet , says , `` Do n't worry , it was long before I knew you . '' Juliet insists that it is irrelevant , meaning that from her point of view , no relationship exists between them . Shawn , however , does not seem convinced . </Li> <Li> `` Six Feet Under the Sea '' ( 3.10 ) - Juliet befriends a woman named April , who expresses an interest in Shawn and asks for Juliet 's opinion of him . Juliet 's reaction implies that she has feelings for Shawn . Later , Shawn asks April out , but she turns him down because she does not want to `` get in the way . '' She wishes Shawn good luck , leaving him confused . </Li> <Li> `` Lassie Did a Bad , Bad Thing '' ( 3.11 ) - Officer Drimmer asks Shawn if Juliet and he are an item . He then proceeds to tell Shawn that Juliet talks about him a lot , calling him `` witty and urbane . '' </Li> <Li> `` Any Given Friday Night at 10PM , 9PM Central '' ( 3.13 ) - Juliet is checking out one of the football players as he runs out onto the field . When he turns around , Juliet is astonished to discover that he is Shawn ! Later , Juliet smiles widely as she watches Shawn leading a football team out onto the field , but quickly hides it when Gus notices . </Li> <Li> `` Tuesday the 17th '' ( 3.15 ) - When Shawn is introducing Juliet , he calls her `` one of Santa Barbara 's finest , both literally and figuratively '' , and Juliet is flattered rather than annoyed . Also , after Juliet saves Shawn 's life by shooting his assailant in the hand , Shawn tells her , `` That level of markmanship is easily one of the sexiest things that I 've ever - '' Juliet cuts him off , but smiles softly nonetheless . </Li> <Li> `` An Evening with Mr. Yang '' ( 3.16 ) - Juliet finally asks out Shawn on a date , and owns up to the fact that she has been sending mixed signals . Unfortunately , Shawn tells her the timing is awful , as he is on a date with his old high - school flame , Abigail . When Shawn explains the situation , Juliet understands . She kisses him on the cheek and leaves . Shawn is obviously affected by the kiss , but rejoins Abigail . </Li> </Ul> <P> Season four </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Extradition : British Columbia '' ( 4.01 ) - Shawn does not know how to act around Juliet , now that he is dating Abigail . He tells Juliet , `` I refuse to feel uncomfortable around you . It 's silly . You mean too much to me , and I am perfectly capable of keeping this ( their friendship ) platonic , as long as you are . '' Juliet replies , `` I am too ! Great ! '' As she walks away , Shawn questions , `` But how ? '' They also take what feels like a romantic stroll , as pointed out by Juliet , on a suspension bridge overlooking a river . </Li> <Li> `` High Noon - ish '' ( 4.03 ) - Shawn tips his cowboy hat at Juliet and winks at her . Juliet smiles , but quickly looks down as if embarrassed . </Li> <Li> `` Bollywood Homicide '' ( 4.06 ) - When Shawn asks if Juliet believes in love curses , she says whenever someone is looking for their soulmate , it can feel like outsides forces are conspiring against them . Shawn moves closer to Juliet , and she leans back , probably thinking that Shawn is going to kiss her . She asks , `` Shawn , what are you doing ? '' Shawn does not answer the question , instead pointing out a clue that he had seen while they were moving toward each other . When Raj and Juliet go on their pretend date , Shawn , watching from a car , is clearly jealous when Raj starts to hold Juliet 's hand , as noted by Gus and Lassiter . Later , Shawn rescues Juliet from an unstable suspect threatening her with a knife . Abigail tells Shawn that she was very impressed that he would risk his life for a random coworker . Shawn glances over at Juliet and says , `` She 's not random . '' So Abigail would not get the wrong impression , Shawn quickly corrects himself , saying he would do that for anyone . </Li> <Li> `` Shawn Takes a Shot in the Dark '' ( 4.09 ) - After Shawn 's kidnapping , Juliet goes to his apartment with Gus to search for clues . When she sees Abigail 's toothbrush and some items , she becomes very curious if Abigail moved in . Gus replies that they have reached the `` he has a drawer , she has a toothbrush '' stage to which Juliet seems affected . Shawn , who has been shot and kidnapped , tells one of his kidnappers that he has a girlfriend named Abigail and that he wants to call her to say goodbye before they kill him . Shawn then calls Juliet and proceeds to give her clues about his whereabouts . The kidnapper tells Shawn to tell `` Abigail '' that he loves her . Shawn does . Juliet , believing the profession of love to be real , responds by saying , `` Shawn , I think I ... '' Shawn interrupts her by saying , `` Goodbye , Abigail . '' He hangs up . Juliet is clearly confused , but is able to use his clues to track down his whereabouts , and he is saved . After the ordeal , Shawn discusses with Gus the possibility that Juliet was going to say , `` I love you '' back . Although Gus states the possibility that she was just doing what she had to do , Shawn does not seem convinced . </Li> <Li> `` You Ca n't Handle This Episode '' ( 4.10 ) - Juliet 's brother , Ewan O'Hara , reveals that Juliet has said a lot of good things about Shawn . Later , Ewan says explicitly that Juliet `` likes ( Shawn ) a lot '' , and he puts his stamp of approval on Shawn , as well . Meanwhile , Abigail leaves for Uganda . </Li> <Li> `` A Very Juliet Episode '' ( 4.12 ) - Juliet receives news that her college boyfriend Scott might be dead . After receiving the awful news , Shawn and she take a long walk together through the park , during which Shawn gives Juliet a friendly hug . Shawn then searches high and low for Scott , who turns out to be in witness protection . Once the couple is reunited , Shawn is clearly jealous . Shawn bargains with the criminal Scott put in jail to not have Scott harmed if Shawn will prove the criminal 's innocence . Shawn holds up his end of the bargain , and though Scott was no longer in danger , Juliet and he parted ways , agreeing to meet again in a year . </Li> <Li> `` Death Is in the Air '' ( 4.13 ) - At the beginning of the episode , Shawn and Gus are talking about all the things Shawn can do since he is single and does not need to impress anyone , but then Juliet walks up and he immediately throws away his stinky snack - obviously he wants to impress Juliet . More importantly , Juliet gets exposed to the Thornburg virus and Shawn rushes to find the antidote . Upon returning , Shawn explains to Gus that the threat of Juliet 's mortality made him realize he does not have as much time as he thought ; he has to tell her how he feels . Gus informs them both that Juliet has not contracted the virus after all , but Shawn tries to go through with his admission , anyway . He ultimately stumbles and fails to tell Juliet how he feels , which is immediately followed by Lassiter 's entry into the room , effectively killing the moment . </Li> <Li> `` Mr. Yin Presents '' ( 4.16 ) - A serial killer named Mr. Yin kidnaps both Juliet and Abigail , who just returned from Uganda . Yin forces Shawn to choose one of them to save , but only has Juliet read him the clue to save her life . Juliet tries to tell Shawn he can save Abigail , but Yin cuts her off . Shawn gets the clue to save Abigail from Yang 's book , and sends Gus with Lassie to save Juliet , saying the only way he would be able to not be there for Jules is if he knows that Gus is . Lassiter and Gus arrive and they are able to save Juliet in time , while Shawn is able to save Abigail . At the end , Juliet breaks down sobbing as Lassiter hugs her . Abigail tells Shawn she can not handle the danger and breaks up with him . </Li> </Ul> <P> Season five </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Romeo and Juliet and Juliet '' ( 5.01 ) - Juliet was temporarily reassigned to City Hall sometime shortly after her ordeal with Mr. Yin to deal with the stress from it . Shawn seeks her help on a case from which his father has barred him , involving a kidnapping within two rival Chinese gangs . Juliet gives him information , but does not return to the SBPD . Shawn calls her for back up before confronting kidnapper , Teno Tan . He is easily outmatched , but Teno surrenders when Juliet arrives before Shawn is killed . They thank each other and agree to hug , but Lassiter interrupts . Shawn calls for a rain check . </Li> <Li> `` Feet Do n't Kill Me Now '' ( 5.02 ) - Henry allows Shawn and Juliet to team up after Lassiter chooses Gus to help on the case . Their partnership does not hold up , as Shawn realizes he works best with Gus , as does Juliet with Lassiter . Shawn and Juliet attend a tap recital together to support their respective partners . </Li> <Li> `` Shawn 2.0 '' ( 5.08 ) - Shawn plans to invite Juliet to a friend 's wedding , but `` criminal profiler '' Declan Rand beats him to the punch . Juliet offers to

Shawn tells Juliet he loves her in the episode

When does shawn tell juliet he loves her?

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2017 -- 18 NBA season - wikipedia <H1> 2017 -- 18 NBA season </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2017 -- 18 NBA season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League </Th> <Td> National Basketball Association </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sport </Th> <Td> Basketball </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> October 17 , 2017 -- April 11 , 2018 April 14 -- May 28 , 2018 ( Playoffs ) May 31 -- June 17 , 2018 ( Finals ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of games </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of teams </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TV partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> ABC , TNT , ESPN , NBA TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Draft </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Top draft pick </Th> <Td> Markelle Fultz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picked by </Th> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Regular season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playoffs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Finals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NBA seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2017 -- 18 NBA season is the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 , earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of `` back - to - back '' games teams are scheduled to play , with the 2017 runners - up Cleveland Cavaliers hosted a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland , Ohio . Christmas games will be played on December 25 . The 2018 NBA All - Star Game will be played on February 18 , 2018 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . The regular season will end on April 11 , 2018 and the playoffs will begin on April 14 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Transactions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Retirement </Li> <Li> 1.2 Free agency </Li> <Li> 1.3 Coaching changes <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 Off - season </Li> <Li> 1.3. 2 In - season </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Preseason <Ul> <Li> 2.1 International games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Regular season <Ul> <Li> 3.1 By conference </Li> <Li> 3.2 International games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Awards <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Players of the Week </Li> <Li> 4.2 Players of the Month </Li> <Li> 4.3 Rookies of the Month </Li> <Li> 4.4 Coaches of the Month </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Arenas </Li> <Li> 6 Media </Li> <Li> 7 Uniforms <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Uniform sponsorships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Notable occurrences </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Transactions ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of 2017 -- 18 NBA season transactions <H3> Retirement ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> On July 17 , 2017 , Paul Pierce signed a ceremonial contract with the Boston Celtics and officially retired as a Celtic after playing 19 seasons and winning one championship with the Celtics . </Li> <Li> On July 19 , 2017 , James Jones was announced to be the vice president of basketball operations for the Phoenix Suns , which signified his retirement after playing 14 seasons and winning two championships with the Miami Heat and one championship with the Cleveland Cavaliers . </Li> <Li> On August 4 , 2017 , Jason Maxiell signed a ceremonial contract with the Detroit Pistons and officially retired after playing 14 seasons . </Li> <Li> On August 15 , 2017 , Tayshaun Prince was announced to be assistant general manager for the Memphis Grizzlies , which signified his retirement after playing 15 seasons and winning one championship with the Detroit Pistons . </Li> <Li> On September 2 , 2017 , Primož Brezec announced his retirement after 21 professional seasons . Brezec had played in Russia , Cyprus , Kuwait and his native country Slovenia since last playing in the NBA during the 2009 -- 10 NBA season . </Li> <Li> On October 23 , 2017 Ron Artest was hired as player development coach for the South Bay Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers D - Affiltate ending his 18 year player career of NBA winning 1 NBA Championship with the Los Angeles Lakers . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Free agency ( edit ) </H3> <P> Free agency negotiations began on July 1 . Players began signing on July 6 , after the July moratorium ended . </P> <H3> Coaching changes ( edit ) </H3> <Table> Coaching changes <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> In - season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Outgoing coach </Th> <Th> Incoming coach </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix Suns </Td> <Td> Earl Watson </Td> <Td> Jay Triano ( interim ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Off - season ( edit ) <P> For the first time since the inauguration of the BAA , there will be no coaching changes entering training camp . In fact , the 536 days had from Dave Joerger being fired as coach of the Memphis Grizzlies to the day the Phoenix Suns fired Earl Watson as head coach would be the longest period in NBA history without any coaching changes occur . </P> In - season ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> On October 22 , 2017 , the Phoenix Suns fired head coach Earl Watson and replaced him with the team 's associate coach Jay Triano as interim head coach for the rest of the season . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Preseason ( edit ) </H2> <P> The preseason began on September 30 and ended on October 13 . </P> <H3> International games ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Golden State Warriors and Minnesota Timberwolves played two preseason games in China , at Shenzhen on October 5 and Shanghai on October 8 . Minnesota won the first game 111 -- 97 , while Golden State emerged victorious in the second one , 142 -- 110 . </P> <H2> Regular season ( edit ) </H2> <P> The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 . Christmas Day games will be played on December 25 , 2017 . The regular season will end on April 11 , 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Eastern Conference </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Atlantic Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boston Celtics </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brooklyn Nets </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Toronto Raptors </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 500 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 200 </Td> <Td> 2.0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Knicks </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 000 </Td> <Td> 2.0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Central Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cleveland Cavaliers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indiana Pacers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago Bulls </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 250 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Southeast Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Orlando Magic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 750 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Washington Wizards </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 750 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charlotte Hornets </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 500 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miami Heat </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 500 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta Hawks </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 200 </Td> <Td> 2.5 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Western Conference </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Northwest Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portland Trail Blazers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oklahoma City Thunder </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 500 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota Timberwolves </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Utah Jazz </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denver Nuggets </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 250 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pacific Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles Clippers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1.000 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Golden State Warriors </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 600 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles Lakers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 500 </Td> <Td> 2.0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix Suns </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> . 400 </Td> <Td> 2.5 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 1 </Td> <Td>

The first NBA basketball game of the 2017-2018 season starts on

When does the first nba basketball game start?

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Heart - wikipedia <H1> Heart </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the internal organ . For other uses , see Heart ( disambiguation ) . `` Cardiac '' redirects here . For the comics character , see Cardiac ( comics ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Heart </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The human heart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> System </Th> <Td> Circulatory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artery </Th> <Td> Aorta , pulmonary trunk and right and left pulmonary arteries Right coronary artery , left main coronary artery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vein </Th> <Td> Superior vena cava , inferior vena cava , right and left pulmonary veins , great cardiac vein , middle cardiac vein , small cardiac vein , anterior cardiac veins . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nerve </Th> <Td> Accelerans nerve , vagus nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> cor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greek </Th> <Td> kardía ( καρδία ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> A07. 541 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A12. 1.00. 001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 7088 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Normal heart sounds Normal heart sounds as heard with a stethoscope </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The heart is a muscular organ in most animals , which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system . Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients , as well as assists in the removal of metabolic wastes . In humans , the heart is located between the lungs , in the middle compartment of the chest . </P> <P> In humans , other mammals , and birds , the heart is divided into four chambers : upper left and right atria ; and lower left and right ventricles . Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart . Fish , in contrast , have two chambers , an atrium and a ventricle , while reptiles have three chambers . In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves , which prevent backflow . The heart is enclosed in a protective sac , the pericardium , which also contains a small amount of fluid . The wall of the heart is made up of three layers : epicardium , myocardium , and endocardium . </P> <P> The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node . These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart , traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart . The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation , which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle . From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation , through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide . Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium , passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulation − where the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide . The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute . Exercise temporarily increases the rate , but lowers resting heart rate in the long term , and is good for heart health . </P> <P> Cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008 , accounting for 30 % of deaths . Of these more than three quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke . Risk factors include : smoking , being overweight , little exercise , high cholesterol , high blood pressure , and poorly controlled diabetes , among others . Cardiovascular diseases frequently do not have symptoms or may cause chest pain or shortness of breath . Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history , listening to the heart - sounds with a stethoscope , ECG , and ultrasound . Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists , although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Location and shape </Li> <Li> 1.2 Chambers <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Valves </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Right heart </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Left heart </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Heart wall </Li> <Li> 1.4 Pericardium </Li> <Li> 1.5 Coronary circulation </Li> <Li> 1.6 Nerve supply </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Development </Li> <Li> 3 Physiology <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Blood flow <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Cardiac cycle </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Cardiac output </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Electrical conduction </Li> <Li> 3.3 Heart rate <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Influences </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Clinical significance <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Diseases <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Ischaemic heart disease </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Heart failure </Li> <Li> 4.1. 3 Cardiomyopathies </Li> <Li> 4.1. 4 Valvular heart disease </Li> <Li> 4.1. 5 Cardiac arrhythmias </Li> <Li> 4.1. 6 Pericardial disease </Li> <Li> 4.1. 7 Congenital heart disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Diagnosis <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Examination <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1.1 Heart sounds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Blood tests </Li> <Li> 4.2. 3 Electrocardiogram </Li> <Li> 4.2. 4 Imaging </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 Treatment <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Ischaemic heart disease <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1.1 Valvular heart disease </Li> <Li> 4.3. 1.2 Cardiac arrhythmias </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 Heart failure </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 History <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ancient </Li> <Li> 5.2 Pre-modern </Li> <Li> 5.3 Modern </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Society and culture <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Symbolism </Li> <Li> 6.2 Food </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Other animals <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Other vertebrates </Li> <Li> 7.2 Double circulatory systems </Li> <Li> 7.3 The fully divided heart </Li> <Li> 7.4 Fish </Li> <Li> 7.5 Invertebrates </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Additional images </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Structure </H2> Photograph of a human heart Computer generated animation of a beating human heart <H3> Location and shape </H3> Play media Real - time MRI of the human heart The human heart is in the middle of the thorax , with its apex pointing to the left . <P> The human heart is situated in the middle mediastinum , at the level of thoracic vertebrae T5 - T8 . A double - membraned sac called the pericardium surrounds the heart and attaches to the mediastinum . The back surface of the heart lies near the vertebral column , and the front surface sits behind the sternum and rib cartilages . The upper part of the heart is the attachment point for several large blood vessels -- the venae cavae , aorta and pulmonary trunk . The upper part of the heart is located at the level of the third costal cartilage . The lower tip of the heart , the apex , lies to the left of the sternum ( 8 to 9 cm from the midsternal line ) between the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs near their articulation with the costal cartilages . </P> <P> The largest part of the heart is usually slightly offset to the left side of the chest ( though occasionally it may be offset to the right ) and is felt to be on the left because the left heart is stronger and larger , since it pumps to all body parts . Because the heart is between the lungs , the left lung is smaller than the right lung and has a cardiac notch in its border to accommodate the heart . The heart is cone - shaped , with its base positioned upwards and tapering down to the apex . An adult heart has a mass of 250 -- 350 grams ( 9 -- 12 oz ) . The heart is typically the size of a fist : 12 cm ( 5 in ) in length , 8 cm ( 3.5 in ) wide , and 6 cm ( 2.5 in ) in thickness . Well - trained athletes can have much larger hearts due to the effects of exercise on the heart muscle , similar to the response of skeletal muscle . </P> <H3> Chambers </H3> Heart being dissected showing right and left ventricles , from above <P> The heart has four chambers , two upper atria , the receiving chambers , and two lower ventricles , the discharging chambers . The atria open into the ventricles via the atrioventricular valves , present in the atrioventricular septum . This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus . There is an ear - shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial appendage , or auricle , and another in the upper left atrium , the left atrial appendage . The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart . Similarly , the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart . The ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum , visible on the surface of the heart as the anterior longitudinal sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus . </P> <P> The cardiac skeleton is made of dense connective tissue and this gives structure to the heart . It forms the atrioventricular septum which separates the atria from the ventricles , and the fibrous rings which serve as bases for the four heart valves . The cardiac skeleton also provides an important boundary in the heart 's electrical conduction system since collagen can not conduct electricity . The interatrial septum separates the atria and the interventricular septum separates the ventricles . The interventricular septum is much thicker than the interatrial septum , since the ventricles need to generate greater pressure when they contract . </P> Valves Main article : Heart valves With the atria and major vessels removed , all four valves are clearly visible . The heart , showing valves , arteries and veins . The white arrows show the normal direction of blood flow . Frontal section showing papillary muscles attached to the tricuspid valve on the right and to the mitral valve on the left via chordae tendineae . <P> The heart has four valves , which separate its chambers . One valve lies between each atrium and ventricle , and one valve rests at the exit of each ventricle . </P> <P> The valves between the atria and ventricles are called the atrioventricular valves . Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve . The tricuspid valve has three cusps , which connect to chordae tendinae and three papillary muscles named the anterior , posterior , and septal muscles , after their relative positions . The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle . It is also known as the bicuspid valve due to its having two cusps , an anterior and a posterior cusp . These cusps are also attached via chordae tendinae to two papillary muscles projecting from the ventricular wall . </P> <P> The papillary muscles extend from the walls of the heart to valves by cartilaginous connections called chordae tendinae . These muscles prevent the valves from falling too far back when they close . During the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle , the papillary muscles are also relaxed and the tension on the chordae tendineae is slight . As the heart chambers contract , so do the papillary muscles . This creates tension on the chordae tendineae , helping to hold the cusps of the atrioventricular valves in place and preventing them from being blown back into

The heart is located

Where is the heart in the human body?

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Nicole Gale Anderson - wikipedia <H1> Nicole Gale Anderson </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nicole Gale Anderson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anderson in June 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1990 - 08 - 29 ) August 29 , 1990 ( age 27 ) Rochester , Indiana , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2005 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nicole Gale Anderson ( born August 29 , 1990 ) is a Filipino - American actress . She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast . She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series Jonas , and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series Make It or Break It and Ravenswood . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Philanthropy </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Television </Li> <Li> 4.2 Film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Anderson was born in Rochester , Indiana . Her father is an American who served as a Commander in the United States Navy , and her mother is of Filipino ethnicity . As a child , she won national gymnastics competitions , but retired due to injuries . Anderson was awarded a scholarship to Georgia 's Barbizon Modeling and Acting School at age 13 . She then began to study acting and attending auditions . She landed several print ads and television commercials , including Mary - Kate & Ashley Online Clothing , Every Girl , Stand Up , and Bratz Pretty ' n ' Punk & Treasures . </P> <P> She currently lives in Canada . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> She auditioned for the role of Stella in the television series Jonas , but actress Chelsea Kane ended up winning the role . After the series plot changed , producers decided to create a best friend for Stella and offered Anderson , the role of Macy . </P> <P> Anderson was added to the cast of the television series Beauty & the Beast in March 2012 , playing the recurring role of Heather Chandler , Catherine 's ( Kristin Kreuk ) younger sister . In May 2013 , it was announced that Anderson had joined Ravenswood , a Pretty Little Liars spin - off , as Miranda Collins , a foster kid , who relies on her wits to cover her emotional scars . Prior to appearing in Ravenswood , Anderson appeared in the Pretty Little Liars episode `` Grave New World '' , introducing her character , Miranda Collins . After the cancellation of Ravenswood , Anderson returned for the third season of Beauty & the Beast as a regular cast member . </P> <H2> Philanthropy ( edit ) </H2> <P> Gale served as the first international spokesperson for Underwriters Laboratories Youth Safety Smart program and has participated in Disney 's Friends for Change . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Unfabulous </Td> <Td> Cheerleader # 3 </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Grey Area '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Nobody </Td> <Td> Leila </Td> <Td> Unsold ABC Family pilot </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Zoey 101 </Td> <Td> Maria </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Quarantine '' ; credited as Nicole Anderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Hannah Montana </Td> <Td> Marissa Hughes </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Achy Jakey Heart Part 1 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Sunday ! Sunday ! Sunday ! </Td> <Td> Dana </Td> <Td> Unsold Jetix pilot </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Princess </Td> <Td> Jitterbug / Princess Calliope </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 2010 </Td> <Td> Jonas </Td> <Td> Macy Misa </Td> <Td> Main role , 29 episodes ; credited as Nicole Anderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 2012 </Td> <Td> Make It or Break It </Td> <Td> Kelly Parker </Td> <Td> Recurring role ; 17 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Imagination Movers </Td> <Td> Cinderella </Td> <Td> Episode : `` A Fairy Tale Ending '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Accused at 17 </Td> <Td> Bianca Miller </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Mean Girls 2 </Td> <Td> Hope Plotkin </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Happy Endings </Td> <Td> Madison 1 </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Baby Steps '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Ringer </Td> <Td> Monica Reynolds </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Oh Gawd , There 's Two of Them ? '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> Beauty & the Beast </Td> <Td> Heather Chandler </Td> <Td> Recurring role ( seasons 1 -- 2 ) ; main role ( seasons 3 -- 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Pretty Little Liars </Td> <Td> Miranda Collins </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Grave New World '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> Ravenswood </Td> <Td> Miranda Collins / Original Miranda </Td> <Td> Main role ( season 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> The Wedding Do Over </Td> <Td> Abby Anderson </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Mulawin : The Movie </Td> <Td> Langay </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Lukewarm </Td> <Td> Jessie </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Red Line </Td> <Td> Tori </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Never </Td> <Td> Meghan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Official Nicole Anderson Website Biography '' . Nicoleandersononline.com . Archived from the original on 2012 - 12 - 31 . Retrieved 2013 - 08 - 31 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` MediaNetBio '' . Disney Channel MediaNet . Archived from the original on 2012 - 07 - 11 . Retrieved 2009 - 06 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nicole Anderson Quit Gymnastics after Winning Nationals '' . Starlitnews.com . Retrieved 2010 - 08 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Barbizon Modeling and Acting School Alumni '' . Barbizonmodeling.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nicole Anderson on her verified Twitter - Account : And that 's a wrap on Heather ! Back to LA I go '' . Retrieved 2014 - 12 - 24 -- via Twitter . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lee , Michael J. ( November 20 , 2007 ) . `` Chelsea Staub on ' J.O.N.A.S ! ' ( 1 ) '' . Radiofree.com . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lee , Michael J. ( November 20 , 2007 ) . `` Chelsea Staub on ' J.O.N.A.S ! ' ( 2 ) '' . Radiofree.com . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sprinklepoponline.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Weisman , Jon ( March 5 , 2012 ) . `` TV pilot casting eyes finish line '' . Variety . Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Development Update : Friday , February 24 '' . The Futon Critic . February 24 , 2012 . Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gonzaelz , Sandra ( May 11 , 2013 ) . `` ' Ravenswood ' : ' Beauty and the Beast sis nabbed as series regular '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 2013 - 05 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , Nick . `` Pretty Little Liars `` Grave New World '' Review : Things to Do in Ravenswood When You 're Dead `` . TV.com . Retrieved 2013 - 10 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( June 12 , 2014 ) . `` Dascha Polanco Promoted To Regular On ' Orange Is The New Black ' , Nicole Gale Anderson On ' Beauty & The Beast ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Miranda Collins , played by Nicole Gale Anderson '' . ABC Family . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2008 Pilot Season '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Associated Press . February 27 , 2008 . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Weisman , Jon ( January 25 , 2011 ) . `` Viewers nice to ' Mean Girls 2 , ' making it top 2010 - 11 movie in 12 - 34 demo '' . Variety . Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nededog , Jethro ( August 15 , 2011 ) . `` ' Happy Endings ' : ABC Family 's Megan Park and Nicole Gale Anderson to Guest Star '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2015 - 09 - 03 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Nicole Gale Anderson on IMDb </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicole_Gale_Anderson&oldid=837508211 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1990 births </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from Indiana </Li> <Li> Female models from Indiana </Li> <Li> American film actresses </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> American actresses of Filipino descent </Li> <Li> People from Rochester , Indiana </Li> <Li> Gymnasts from Indiana </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from February 2018 </Li> <Li> Articles with permanently dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> تۆرکجه </Li> <Li> Български </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Հայերեն </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> मैथिली </Li> <Li> Bahasa Melayu </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> नेपाली </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Tagalog </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> <Li> डोटेली </Li> 18 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 April 2018 , at 08 : 13 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In the Disney+ live-action remake of Beauty and the Beast, the role of Heather is played by

Who plays heather in beauty and the beast?

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United States Secretary of Homeland Security - wikipedia <H1> United States Secretary of Homeland Security </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Secretary of Homeland Security of the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Seal of the Department of Homeland Security </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Flag of the Secretary of Homeland Security </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Incumbent Kirstjen Nielsen since December 6 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> United States Department of Homeland Security </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Style </Th> <Td> Madam Secretary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Member of </Th> <Td> Cabinet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reports to </Th> <Td> The President </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seat </Th> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appointer </Th> <Td> The President with Senate advice and consent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Term length </Th> <Td> No fixed term </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Constituting instrument </Th> <Td> 6 U.S.C. § 112 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> January 24 , 2003 ( 14 years ago ) ( 2003 - 01 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First holder </Th> <Td> Tom Ridge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succession </Th> <Td> Eighteenth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deputy </Th> <Td> Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Salary </Th> <Td> Executive Schedule , level 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.dhs.gov </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The United States Secretary of Homeland Security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security , the body concerned with protecting the U.S. and the safety of U.S. citizens . The secretary is a member of the President 's Cabinet . The position was created by the Homeland Security Act following the attacks of September 11 , 2001 . The new department consisted primarily of components transferred from other cabinet departments because of their role in homeland security , such as the Coast Guard , the Federal Protective Service , U.S. Customs and Border Protection ( which includes the Border Patrol ) , U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( which includes Homeland Security Investigations ) , the Secret Service , and the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) . It did not , however , include the FBI or the CIA . </P> <P> On January 20 , 2009 , the Senate confirmed Barack Obama 's appointment of Janet Napolitano to be the third Secretary of Homeland Security , effective January 21 , 2009 . Napolitano resigned effective August 2013 to head the University of California . On October 17 , President Obama announced his intention to nominate former General Counsel of the Department of Defense Jeh Johnson , and on December 16 , the US Senate confirmed the nomination . </P> <P> The current Secretary of Homeland Security is Kirstjen Nielsen following the appointment of the then - incumbent secretary , John F. Kelly , to the post of White House Chief of Staff by President Donald Trump . It was announced on October 12 , 2017 , that Kirstjen Nielsen was nominated as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security by President Donald Trump . She was confirmed by the Senate on December 5 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Inclusion in the presidential line of succession </Li> <Li> 2 List of Secretaries of Homeland Security </Li> <Li> 3 Living former Secretaries of Homeland Security </Li> <Li> 4 Order of succession </Li> <Li> 5 Administration - cited potential nominees <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Bernard Kerik </Li> <Li> 5.2 Raymond Kelly </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Inclusion in the presidential line of succession ( edit ) </H2> <P> Traditionally , the order of the presidential line of succession is determined ( after the Vice President , Speaker of the House , and President pro tempore of the Senate ) by the order of the creation of the cabinet positions , and the list as mandated under 3 U.S.C. § 19 follows this tradition . </P> <P> On March 7th , 2006 , 43rd President George W. Bush signed H.R. 3199 as Pub. L. 109 -- 177 , which renewed the still controversial Patriot Act of 2001 and amended the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 to include the newly created Presidential Cabinet position of Secretary of Homeland Security in the line of succession after the previously authorized Secretary of Veterans Affairs ( § 503 ) ( which are listed and designated in the order that their departments were created ) . In the 109th Congress , legislation was introduced to place the Secretary of Homeland Security into the line of succession after the Attorney General but that bill expired at the end of the 109th Congress and was not re-introduced . </P> <H2> List of Secretaries of Homeland Security ( edit ) </H2> <P> Prior to the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security , there existed an Assistant to the President for the Office of Homeland Security , which was created following the September 11 attacks in 2001 . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Parties </Dt> </Dl> <P> Republican ( 2 ) Democratic ( 2 ) Independent ( 2 ) </P> <Dl> <Dt> Status </Dt> </Dl> <P> Denotes acting Homeland Security Secretary </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> State of residence </Th> <Th> Took office </Th> <Th> Left office </Th> <Th colspan="2"> President ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Tom Ridge </Td> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> January 24 , 2003 </Td> <Td> February 1 , 2005 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> George W. Bush </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> James Loy </Td> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> February 1 , 2005 </Td> <Td> February 15 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Michael Chertoff </Td> <Td> New Jersey </Td> <Td> February 15 , 2005 </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Janet Napolitano </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2009 </Td> <Td> September 6 , 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Barack Obama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rand Beers </Td> <Td> District of Columbia </Td> <Td> September 6 , 2013 </Td> <Td> December 16 , 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jeh Johnson </Td> <Td> New Jersey </Td> <Td> December 23 , 2013 </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> John F. Kelly </Td> <Td> Massachusetts </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2017 </Td> <Td> July 31 , 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Donald Trump </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Elaine Duke </Td> <Td> Ohio </Td> <Td> July 31 , 2017 </Td> <Td> December 6 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kirstjen Nielsen </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> December 6 , 2017 </Td> <Td> Incumbent </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> James Loy served as acting secretary in his capacity as Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security from February 1 , 2005 , to February 15 , 2005 . </P> <P> Rand Beers served as acting secretary in his capacity as confirmed Undersecretary of Homeland Security for National Protection and Programs and Acting Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security ; Beers was the highest ranking Senate - approved presidential appointee at the Department of Homeland Security from September 6 , 2013 , to December 23 , 2013 . </P> <P> Elaine Duke served as acting secretary in her capacity as Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security from July 31 , 2017 , to December 2017 . </P> <H2> Living former Secretaries of Homeland Security ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of living former members of the United States Cabinet <P> As of January 2018 , there are 5 living former Secretaries of Homeland Security , and 3 living former Acting Secretaries of Homeland Security the oldest being James Loy ( served February 1 , 2005 -- February 15 , 2005 , born 1942 ) </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Term </Th> <Th> Date of birth ( and age ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Loy </Td> <Td> February 1 , 2005 -- February 15 , 2005 </Td> <Td> ( 1942 - 08 - 10 ) August 10 , 1942 ( age 75 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rand Beers </Td> <Td> September 6 , 2013 -- December 16 , 2013 </Td> <Td> ( 1942 - 11 - 30 ) November 30 , 1942 ( age 75 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Ridge </Td> <Td> January 24 , 2003 -- February 1 , 2005 </Td> <Td> ( 1945 - 08 - 26 ) August 26 , 1945 ( age 72 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Chertoff </Td> <Td> February 15 , 2005 -- January 21 , 2009 </Td> <Td> ( 1953 - 11 - 28 ) November 28 , 1953 ( age 64 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Janet Napolitano </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2009 -- September 6 , 2013 </Td> <Td> ( 1957 - 11 - 29 ) November 29 , 1957 ( age 60 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jeh Johnson </Td> <Td> December 23 , 2013 -- January 20 , 2017 </Td> <Td> ( 1957 - 09 - 11 ) September 11 , 1957 ( age 60 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John F. Kelly </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2017 -- July 31 , 2017 </Td> <Td> ( 1950 - 05 - 11 ) May 11 , 1950 ( age 67 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elaine Duke </Td> <Td> July 31 , 2017 -- July 31 , 2017 </Td> <Td> ( 1958 - 06 - 26 ) June 26 , 1958 ( age 59 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Order of succession ( edit ) </H2> <P> The order of succession for the Secretary of Homeland Security is as follows : </P> <Ol> <Li> Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security </Li> <Li> Under Secretary of Homeland Security for National Protection and Programs </Li> <Li> Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management </Li> <Li> Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Policy ( acting as Under Secretary - equivalent ) </Li> <Li> Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Science and Technology </Li> <Li> General Counsel of the Department of Homeland Security </Li> <Li> Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration </Li> <Li> Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency </Li> <Li> Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection </Li> <Li> Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement </Li> <Li> Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services </Li> <Li> Chief Financial Officer </Li> <Li> Regional Administrator , Region V , Federal Emergency Management Agency </Li> <Li> Regional Administrator , Region VI , Federal Emergency Management Agency </Li> <Li> Regional Administrator , Region VII , Federal Emergency Management Agency </Li> <Li> Regional Administrator , Region IX , Federal Emergency Management Agency </Li> <Li> Regional Administrator , Region I , Federal Emergency Management Agency </Li> </Ol> <H2> Administration - cited potential nominees ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Bernard Kerik ( edit ) </H3> <P> George W. Bush nominated Bernard Kerik for the position in 2004 . However a week later , Kerik withdrew his nomination , explaining that he had employed an illegal immigrant as a nanny . </P> <H3> Raymond Kelly ( edit ) </H3> <P> By July 2013 , Raymond Kelly had served as Commissioner of the New York City Police Department ( NYPD ) for nearly 12 straight years . Within days of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano 's announcement that she was resigning , Kelly was soon cited as an obvious potential successor by New York Senator Charles Schumer and others . </P> <P> During a July 16 , 2013 , interview , President Obama referred generally to the `` bunch of strong candidates '' for nomination to head the Department of Homeland Security , but singled out Kelly as `` one of the best there is '' and `` very well qualified for the job '' . </P> <P> Later in July 2013 , the online internet news website / magazine Huffington Post detailed `` a growing campaign to quash the potential nomination of

As of 2017, the head of the Department of Homeland Security was

Who is the head of the department of homeland security 2017?

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List of Green Bay Packers retired Numbers - wikipedia <H1> List of Green Bay Packers retired Numbers </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Lambeau Field 's north end zone with the five retired numbers in 2008 <P> The Green Bay Packers are an American football team in the National Football League . Since their founding 99 years ago in 1919 , six players have had their uniform numbers officially retired . All six are also members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Retired numbers </Li> <Li> 2 Possible additions </Li> <Li> 3 Notes </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Retired numbers ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Player Name </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Seasons with franchise </Th> <Th> Year number retired </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Canadeo , Tony Tony Canadeo </Td> <Td> Halfback </Td> <Td> 1941 -- 44 1946 -- 52 </Td> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Favre , Brett Brett Favre </Td> <Td> Quarterback </Td> <Td> 1992 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hutson , Don Don Hutson </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> 1935 -- 45 </Td> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Starr , Bart Bart Starr </Td> <Td> Quarterback </Td> <Td> 1956 -- 71 </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nitschke , Ray Ray Nitschke </Td> <Td> Linebacker </Td> <Td> 1958 -- 72 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> White , Reggie Reggie White </Td> <Td> Defensive end </Td> <Td> 1993 -- 98 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> <P> Tony Canadeo </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Brett Favre </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Don Hutson </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Bart Starr </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Ray Nitschke </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Reggie White ( right foreground ) </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Possible additions ( edit ) </H2> Curly Lambeau in 1940 as coach of the Packers Curly Lambeau 's No. 1 <P> Founder , coach and player Curly Lambeau is the only Packer credited with wearing jersey number 1 . It has yet to be retired . </P> <P> Paul Hornung 's No. 5 was unofficially retired at the Packers ' annual press party on July 10 , 1967 , although there has not been a ceremony to put his number on the wall of retired numbers at Lambeau Field . </P> <P> In the 2013 training camp pre-season games , jersey No. 1 has been worn by rookie wide receiver Alex Gillett , and No. 5 by rookie wide receiver Omarius Hines . Quarterback Don Majkowski wore No. 5 his rookie season ( 1987 ) before switching to No. 7 . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ In 1961 , kicker Ben Agajanian , who played only three games for the Packers , wore Canadeo 's No. 3 after being assigned it by mistake . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Green Bay Packers Team Page - NFL.com '' . NFL . Retrieved January 30 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Retired Numbers - Packers.com '' . Green Bay Packers . Archived from the original on April 3 , 2009 . Retrieved January 30 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pro Football Hall of Famers by Team '' . Pro Football Hall of Fame . Retrieved January 30 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tony Canadeo - Class of 1974 '' . packers.com . Green Bay Packers . Retrieved July 23 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bellamy , Jason . `` Retired Numbers Added To Lambeau Field '' . Packers.com . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2010 . Retrieved January 30 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christl , Cliff . `` No. 5 should hang on Lambeau wall '' . jsonline.com . Retrieved July 28 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Maxymuk , John ( 2003 ) . Packers by the Numbers : Jersey Numbers and the Players who Wore Them ( illustrated ed . ) . Big Earth Publishing . ISBN 1879483904 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Johnson , Chuck ( November 16 , 1973 ) . Packers Play Confusing Numbers Game The Milwaukee Journal . p. 14 . Retrieved August 4 , 2016 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Green Bay Packers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Founded in 1919 </Li> <Li> Based and headquartered in Green Bay , Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Franchise </Li> <Li> Team history </Li> <Li> Green Bay Packers , Inc . <Ul> <Li> Board of Directors </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Records </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Coaches </Li> <Li> Players <Ul> <Li> A -- D </Li> <Li> E -- K </Li> <Li> L -- R </Li> <Li> S -- Z </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Starting quarterbacks </Li> <Li> Pro Football Hall of Famers </Li> <Li> Retired numbers </Li> <Li> First - round draft picks </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> Pro Bowlers </Li> <Li> Stadiums </Li> <Li> Draft history </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stadiums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hagemeister Park </Li> <Li> Bellevue Park </Li> <Li> City Stadium </Li> <Li> Borchert Field </Li> <Li> Wisconsin State Fair Park </Li> <Li> Marquette Stadium </Li> <Li> Milwaukee County Stadium </Li> <Li> Lambeau Field </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Training facilities </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Don Hutson Center </Li> <Li> Clarke Hinkle Field </Li> <Li> Ray Nitschke Field </Li> <Li> St. Norbert College ( training camp ) </Li> <Li> Rockwood Lodge ( former ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Culture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cheesehead </Li> <Li> Lambeau Leap </Li> <Li> Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> Packers Fan Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> `` Bang the Drum All Day '' </Li> <Li> Cheerleaders </Li> <Li> Fight song </Li> <Li> Lumberjack Band </Li> <Li> Pigskin Champions </Li> <Li> Vernon Biever </Li> <Li> Hungry Five </Li> <Li> George Whitney Calhoun </Li> <Li> The Dope Sheet </Li> <Li> Curly Lambeau </Li> <Li> Vince Lombardi </Li> <Li> Ron Wolf </Li> <Li> Receiver Statue </Li> <Li> Lombardi </Li> <Li> Pitch Perfect 2 </Li> <Li> Packers Heritage Trail </Li> <Li> Packers Pro Shop </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lore </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dolly Gray impostor </Li> <Li> The Ice Bowl </Li> <Li> The Snow Bowl </Li> <Li> The Mud Bowl </Li> <Li> 4th and 26 </Li> <Li> Fail Mary </Li> <Li> Miracle in Motown </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivalries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chicago Bears </Li> <Li> Detroit Lions </Li> <Li> Minnesota Vikings </Li> <Li> Dallas Cowboys </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Division championships ( 18 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1938 </Li> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1995 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> <Li> 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference championships ( 9 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1965 </Li> <Li> 1966 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League championships ( 13 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1929 </Li> <Li> 1930 </Li> <Li> 1931 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1965 </Li> <Li> 1966 ( I ) </Li> <Li> 1967 ( II ) </Li> <Li> 1996 ( XXXI ) </Li> <Li> 2010 ( XLV ) </Li> </Ul> <P> does not include 1966 or 1967 NFL championships </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Retired numbers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 14 </Li> <Li> 15 </Li> <Li> 66 </Li> <Li> 92 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Broadcasters </Li> <Li> Radio : Packers Radio Network <Ul> <Li> WTMJ </Li> <Li> WKTI - HD2 </Li> <Li> WIXX </Li> <Li> WTAQ </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Television ( pre-season & official in - season team programming ) : <Ul> <Li> WGBA - TV </Li> <Li> WTMJ - TV </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Personnel : <Ul> <Li> Wayne Larrivee ( play - by - play ) </Li> <Li> Larry McCarren ( color / analysis ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current league affiliations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> League : National Football League ( 1921 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Conference : National Football Conference </Li> <Li> Division : North Division </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seasons ( 99 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1919 </Li> <Li> 1920 </Li> <Li> 1921 </Li> <Li> 1922 </Li> <Li> 1923 </Li> <Li> 1924 </Li> <Li> 1925 </Li> <Li> 1926 </Li> <Li> 1927 </Li> <Li> 1928 </Li> <Li> 1929 </Li> <Li> 1930 </Li> <Li> 1931 </Li> <Li> 1932 </Li> <Li> 1933 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1937 </Li> <Li> 1938 </Li> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1941 </Li> <Li> 1942 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> <Li> 1946 </Li> <Li> 1947 </Li> <Li> 1948 </Li> <Li> 1949 </Li> <Li> 1950 </Li> <Li> 1951 </Li> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1953 </Li> <Li> 1954 </Li> <Li> 1955 </Li> <Li> 1956 </Li> <Li> 1957 </Li> <Li> 1958 </Li> <Li> 1959 </Li> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1963 </Li> <Li> 1964 </Li> <Li> 1965 </Li> <Li> 1966 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> 1970 </Li> <Li> 1971 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1973 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1977 </Li> <Li> 1978 </Li> <Li> 1979 </Li> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1981 </Li> <Li> 1982 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> 1985 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1993 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2015 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> <Li> 2018 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Championship seasons in bold </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Green Bay Packers retired numbers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 3 Tony Canadeo </Li> <Li> 4 Brett Favre </Li> <Li> 14 Don Hutson </Li> <Li> 15 Bart Starr </Li> <Li> 66 Ray Nitschke </Li> <Li> 92 Reggie White </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Green_Bay_Packers_retired_numbers&oldid=799156539 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Green Bay Packers players </Li> <Li> Green Bay Packers lists </Li> <Li> Lists of National Football League retired numbers </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 September 2017 , at 00 : 21 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About

The player who wore the number 7 jersey for the Green Bay Packers was

Who wore number 7 for the green bay packers?

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Maginot line - wikipedia <H1> Maginot line </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( December 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Maginot Line </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ligne Maginot </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Eastern France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The entrance to Ouvrage Schoenenbourg along the Maginot Line in Alsace </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Defensive line </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Site information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Controlled by </Th> <Td> France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Open to the public </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Condition </Th> <Td> Mostly intact , through the preservation of the French Government </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Site history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Built </Th> <Td> 1929 -- 1938 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Built by </Th> <Td> <P> Paul Painlevé , Colonel Tricaud </P> <Ul> <Li> Named after André Maginot ( French Minister of War , 1915 -- 1920s ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> In use </Th> <Td> 1935 -- 1969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Materials </Th> <Td> Concrete , steel , iron </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Battles / wars </Th> <Td> <P> World War II </P> <Ul> <Li> Battle of France ( 1940 ) </Li> <Li> Operation Nordwind ( 1945 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Maginot Line ( French : Ligne Maginot , IPA : ( liɲ maʒino ) ) , named after the French Minister of War André Maginot , was a line of concrete fortifications , obstacles , and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications . Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy , Switzerland , Germany , and Luxembourg , the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault . </P> <P> Based on France 's experience with trench warfare during World War I , the massive Maginot Line was built in the run - up to World War II , after the Locarno Conference gave rise to a fanciful and optimistic `` Locarno spirit '' . French military experts extolled the Line as a work of genius that would deter German aggression , because it would slow an invasion force long enough for French forces to mobilize and counterattack . </P> <P> The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack , including aerial bombings and tank fire , and had underground railways as a backup ; it also had state - of - the - art living conditions for garrisoned troops , supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort . Instead of attacking directly , the Germans invaded through the Low Countries , bypassing the Line to the north . French and British officers had anticipated this : when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium , they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line . However , the French line was weak near the Ardennes forest , a region whose rough terrain they considered unlikely for the Germans to traverse . The German Army took advantage of this weak point to split the French -- British defensive front . The Allied forces to the north were forced to evacuate at Dunkirk , leaving the forces to the south unable to mount an effective resistance to the German invasion of France . </P> <P> The line has since become a metaphor for expensive efforts that offer a false sense of security . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Purposes </Li> <Li> 2 Planning and construction <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1927 : Allied Control Commission abolished </Li> <Li> 2.2 German economic superiority </Li> <Li> 2.3 War of long duration </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Manning </Li> <Li> 4 Organization </Li> <Li> 5 Inventory <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ouvrages </Li> <Li> 5.2 Armoured cloches </Li> <Li> 5.3 Retractable turrets </Li> <Li> 5.4 Artillery </Li> <Li> 5.5 Anti-tank guns </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Features <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Czechoslovak connection </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 German invasion in World War II </Li> <Li> 8 After World War II </Li> <Li> 9 Post-war assessment </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Purposes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Maginot Line was built to fulfil several purposes : </P> <Ul> <Li> To prevent a surprise German attack , and to deter a cross-border assault . </Li> <Li> To protect Alsace and Lorraine ( returned to France in 1918 ) and their industrial basin </Li> <Li> To save manpower ( France counted 39 million inhabitants , Germany 70 million ) </Li> <Li> To cover the mobilisation of the French Army ( which took between two and three weeks ) </Li> <Li> To push Germany into an effort to circumvent via Switzerland or Belgium , and allow France to fight the next war off of French soil to avoid a repeat of 1914 - 18 . </Li> <Li> To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive </Li> </Ul> <H2> Planning and construction ( edit ) </H2> The Maginot Line <P> The defences were first proposed by Marshal Joffre . He was opposed by modernists such as Paul Reynaud and Charles de Gaulle , who favoured investment in armour and aircraft . Joffre had support from Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain , and there were a number of reports and commissions organised by the government . It was André Maginot who finally convinced the government to invest in the scheme . Maginot was another veteran of World War I ; he became the French Minister of Veteran Affairs and then Minister of War ( 1928 -- 1932 ) . </P> <P> In January 1923 , after Germany defaulted on reparations , the French Premier Raymond Poincaré responded by sending French troops to occupy Germany 's Ruhr region . During the ensuing Ruhrkampf ( `` Ruhr struggle '' ) between the Germans and the French that lasted until September 1923 , Britain condemned the French occupation of the Ruhr , and a period of sustained Francophobia broke out in Britain , with Poincaré being vilified in Britain as a cruel bully punishing Germany with unreasonable reparations demands . The British -- who openly championed the German position on reparations -- applied intense economic pressure on France to change its policies towards Germany . At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco - German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf , the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier Édouard Herriot to make concessions to Germany . The British diplomat Sir Eric Phipps who attended the conference commented afterwards that : </P> <P> The London Conference was for the French ' man in the street ' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission , the right of sanctions in the event of German default , the economic occupation of the Ruhr , the French - Belgian railroad Régie , and finally , the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year . </P> <P> The great conclusion that was drawn in Paris after the Ruhrkampf and the 1924 London conference was that France could not make unilateral military moves to uphold Versailles as the resulting British hostility to such moves was too dangerous to the republic . Beyond that , the French were well aware of the contribution of Britain and its Dominions to the victory of 1918 , and French decision - makers believed that they needed Britain 's help to win another war ; the French could only go so far with alienating the British . From 1871 onwards , French elites had concluded that France had no hope of defeating Germany on its own , and France would need an alliance with another great power to defeat the Reich . </P> <H3> 1927 : Allied Control Commission abolished ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1927 , the Allied Control Commission , which was responsible for ensuring that Germany complied with Part V of the Treaty of Versailles , was abolished as a goodwill gesture reflecting the `` Spirit of Locarno '' . When the Control Commission was dissolved , the commissioners in their final report issued a blistering statement , stating that Germany had never sought to abide by Part V and the Reichswehr had been engaging in covert rearmament all through the 1920s . Under the Treaty of Versailles France was to occupy the Rhineland region of Germany until 1935 , but in fact the last French troops left the Rhineland in June 1930 in exchange for Germany accepting the Young Plan . As long as the Rhineland was occupied by the French , the Rhineland served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty , such as rearming in violation of Part V ; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V. French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich , the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr . A variant of the Foch plan had been used by Poincaré in 1923 when he ordered the French occupation of the Ruhr. French plans for an offensive in the 1920s were realistic , as Versailles had forbidden Germany conscription , and the Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men . Once the French forces left the Rhineland in 1930 , this form of leverage with the Rhineland as collateral was no longer available to Paris , which from then on had to depend on Berlin 's word that it would continue to abide by the terms of the Versailles and Locarno treaties , which stated that the Rhineland was to stay demilitarized forever . Given that Germany had engaged in covert rearmament with the co-operation of the Soviet Union starting in 1921 ( a fact that become public knowledge in 1926 ) and that every German government had gone out of its way to insist on the moral invalidity of Versailles , claiming it was based upon the so - called Kriegsschuldlüge ( `` War guilt lie '' ) that Germany started the war in 1914 , the French had little faith that the Germans would willingly allow the Rhineland 's demilitarized status to continue forever , and believed that at some time in the future Germany would rearm in violation of Versailles , reintroduce conscription and remilitarize the Rhineland . The decision to build the Maginot Line in 1929 was a tacit French admission that without the Rhineland as collateral Germany was soon going to rearm , and that the terms of Part V had a limited lifespan . </P> <H3> German economic superiority ( edit ) </H3> <P> After 1918 , the German economy was three times as large as that of France ; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France 's 40 million and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I , while German territory had seen little fighting . French military chiefs were dubious about their ability to win another war against Germany on its own , especially an offensive war . French decision - makers knew that the victory of 1918 had been achieved because the British Empire and the United States were allies in the war and that the French would have been defeated on their

The system of fortifications along France's border is the

A system of fortifications along france's border?

9066531131415757476

Role - wikipedia <H1> Role </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the sociology term . For the performing arts term , see Character ( arts ) . For other uses , see Role ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A role ( also rôle or social role ) is a set of connected behaviors , rights , obligations , beliefs , and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation . It is an expected or free or continuously changing behaviour and may have a given individual social status or social position . It is vital to both functionalist and interactionist understandings of society . Social role posits the following about social behaviour : </P> <Ol> <Li> The division of labour in society takes the form of the interaction among heterogeneous specialised positions , we call roles . </Li> <Li> Social roles included appropriate and permitted forms of behaviour , guided by social norms , which are commonly known and hence determine the expectations for appropriate behaviour in these roles . </Li> <Li> Roles are occupied by individuals , who are called actors . </Li> <Li> When individuals approve of a social role ( i.e. , they consider the role legitimate and constructive ) , they will incur costs to conform to role norms , and will also incur costs to punish those who violate role norms . </Li> <Li> Changed conditions can render a social role outdated or illegitimate , in which case social pressures are likely to lead to role change . </Li> <Li> The anticipation of rewards and punishments , as well as the satisfaction of behaving prosocially , account for why agents conform to role requirements . </Li> </Ol> <P> The notion of the role is examined in the social sciences , more specifically economics , sociology and organisation theory . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Determinants and characteristics </Li> <Li> 2 Role theory <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Role in functionalist and consensus theory </Li> <Li> 2.2 Role in interactionist or social action theory </Li> <Li> 2.3 Social norms theory <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 The theory of planned behaviour </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Team role theory </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Role conflict and role confusion </Li> <Li> 4 Role enhancement </Li> <Li> 5 Documenting roles </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Determinants and characteristics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Roles may be achieved or ascribed or they can be accidental in different situations . An achieved role is a position that a person assumes voluntarily which reflects personal skills , abilities , and effort . An ascribed role is a position assigned to individuals or groups without regard for merit but because of certain traits beyond their control , ( Stark 2007 ) , and is usually forced upon a person . </P> <P> Roles can be semi-permanent ( `` doctor '' , `` mother '' , `` child '' ) , or they can be transitory . A well - known example is the sick role as formulated by Talcott Parsons in the late 1940s . In the transitory `` sick role '' , a person is exempted from their usual roles , but is expected to conform to transitory behavioural standards , such as following doctors ' orders and trying to recover . </P> <P> For many roles , individuals must meet certain conditions , biological or sociological . For instance , a boy can not ordinarily take the biological role of mother . Other roles require training or experience . For instance , in many cultures doctors must be educated and certified before practising medicine . </P> <P> Role development can be influenced by a number of additional factors , including social , genetic predisposition , cultural or situational . </P> <Ul> <Li> Societal influence : The structure of society often forms individuals into certain roles based on the social situations they choose to experience . Parents enrolling their children in certain programs at a young age increases the chance that the child will follow that role . </Li> <Li> Genetic predisposition : People take on roles that come naturally to them . Those with athletic ability generally take on roles of athletes . Those with mental genius often take on roles devoted to education and knowledge . This does not mean that people must choose only one path , each individual can reprise multiple roles ( i.e. Evelyn can be the point guard on the basketball team and the editor of her school newspaper ) . </Li> <Li> Cultural influence : Different cultures place different values on certain roles based on their lifestyle . For instance , soccer players are regarded higher in European countries than in the United States , where soccer is less popular . </Li> <Li> Situational influence : Roles can be created or altered based on the situation a person is put in outside their own influence . </Li> </Ul> <P> Roles are also frequently interconnected in a role set , that complement of role - relationships in which persons are involved by virtue of occupying a particular social status ( Merton 1957 ) . For example , a high school football player carries the roles of student , athlete , classmate , etc . </P> <H2> Role theory ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Role theory <P> Role theory is the sociological study of role development , concerned with explaining what forces cause people to develop the expectations of their own and others ' behaviours . According to sociologist Bruce Biddle ( 1986 ) , the five major models of role theory include : </P> <Ol> <Li> Functional Role Theory , which examines role development as shared social norms for a given social position , </Li> <Li> Symbolic Interactionist Role Theory , which examines role development as the outcome of individual interpretation of responses to behaviour , </Li> <Li> Structural Role Theory , which emphasises the influence of society rather than the individual in roles and utilises mathematical models , </Li> <Li> Organizational Role Theory , which examines role development in organisations , and </Li> <Li> Cognitive Role Theory , which is summarised by Flynn and Lemay as `` the relationship between expectations and behaviours '' </Li> </Ol> <H3> Role in functionalist and consensus theory ( edit ) </H3> <P> The functionalist approach to role theory , which is largely borrowed from anthropology , sees a `` role '' as the set of expectations that society places on an individual . By unspoken consensus , certain behaviours are deemed `` appropriate '' and others `` inappropriate '' . For example , an appropriate doctor dresses fairly conservatively , asks a series of personal questions about one 's health , touches one in ways that would normally be forbidden , writes prescriptions , and shows more concern for the personal wellbeing of his or her clients than is expected of , say , an electrician or a shopkeeper . </P> <P> `` Role '' is what the doctor does ( or , at least , is expected to do ) while status is what the doctor is ; in other words , `` status '' is the position an actor occupies , while `` role '' is the expected behaviour attached to that position . Roles are not limited to occupational status , of course , nor does the fact that one is cast in the role of `` doctor '' during working hours prevent one from taking on other roles at other times : husband / wife , friend , father / mother , and so on . </P> <H3> Role in interactionist or social action theory ( edit ) </H3> <P> In interactionist social theory , the concept of role is crucial . The interactionist definition of `` role '' pre-dates the functionalist one . A role , in this conception , is not fixed or prescribed but something that is constantly negotiated between individuals in a tentative , creative way . Philosopher George Herbert Mead explored roles in his seminal 1934 work , Mind , self and society . Mead 's main interest was the way in which children learn how to become a part of society by imaginative role - taking , observing and mimicking others . This is always done in an interactive way : it 's not meaningful to think of a role for one person alone , only for that person as an individual who is both co-operating and competing with others . Adults behave similarly : taking roles from those that they see around them , adapting them in creative ways , and ( by the process of social interaction ) testing them and either confirming them or modifying them . This can be most easily seen in encounters where there is considerable ambiguity , but is nevertheless something that is part of all social interactions : each individual actively tries to `` define the situation '' ( understand their role within it ) ; choose a role that is advantageous or appealing ; play that role ; and persuade others to support the role . </P> <H3> Social norms theory ( edit ) </H3> <P> Social norms theory states that much of people 's behaviour is influenced by their perception of how other members of their social group behave . When individuals are in a state of deindividuation , they see themselves only in terms of group identity , and their behaviour is likely to be guided by group norms alone . But while group norms have a powerful effect on behaviour , they can only guide behaviour when they are activated by obvious reminders or by subtle cues . People adhere to social norms through enforcement , internalisation , the sharing of norms by other group members , and frequent activation ( Smith 2007 ) . Norms can be enforced through punishment or reward . Individuals are rewarded for living up to their roles ( i.e. students getting an `` A '' on their exam ) or punished for not completing the duties of their role ( i.e. a salesman is fired for not selling enough product ) . </P> <P> Social norm theory has been applied as an environmental approach , with an aim of influencing individuals by manipulating their social and cultural environments . It has been widely applied using social marketing techniques . Normative messages are designed for delivery using various media and promotional strategies in order to effectively reach a target population . Social norms theory has also been successfully applied through strategies such as curriculum infusion , creating press coverage , policy development , and small group inventions. ( Main Frame 2002 ) </P> The theory of planned behaviour ( edit ) <P> People display reactance by fighting against threats to their freedom of action when they find norms inappropriate . Attitudes and norms typically work together to influence behaviour ( directly or indirectly ) . The theory of planned behaviour intentions are a function of three factors : attitudes about the behaviour , social norms relevant to the behaviour , and perceptions of control over the behaviour . When attitudes and norms disagree , their influence on behaviour will depend on their relative accessibility . </P> Team role theory ( edit ) <P> As described in Working in Groups by Engleberg and Wynn , team role theory is when `` members assume roles that are compatible with their personal characteristics and skills '' . Meredith Belbin , a psychologist , first explored the concept of team - role theory in the 1970s when he and his research team went about observing teams and wanted to find out what made teams work and what did not . According to Belbin

The term "social roles" refers to

What is meant by the term social roles?

-521349963474269802

Ai n't Living Long Like this - wikipedia <H1> Ai n't Living Long Like this </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ai n't Living Long Like This </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Studio album by Rodney Crowell </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 1978 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 38 : 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Brian Ahern Dave Nives ( re-issue ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Rodney Crowell chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ai n't Living Long Like This ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> But What Will the Neighbors Think ( 1980 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allmusic - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Ai n't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer - songwriter Rodney Crowell , released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records . It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart . The songs , `` Elvira '' , `` Baby Better Start Turnin ' ' Em Down '' and `` ( Now and Then , There 's ) A Fool Such as I '' were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40 . Despite this , Ai n't Living Long Like This is considered one Crowell 's best and most influential albums . Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it `` not only showcases his songwriting prowess , but also his ability to deliver a song , whether it 's one of his own or the work of another writer '' . Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson . When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Content </Li> <Li> 2 Track listing </Li> <Li> 3 Personnel <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Additional musicians </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Singles </Li> <Li> 5 Sources </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> Three of the tracks are cover songs : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Elvira '' -- Dallas Frazier , Elvira ( 1966 ) </Li> <Li> `` ( Now and Then , There 's ) A Fool Such as I '' -- Eddy Arnold , American Institution ( 1954 ) ( Covered by many other artists such as Elvis Presley , Hank Snow , Jim Reeves and Lou Rawls ) </Li> <Li> `` I Thought I Heard You Callin ' My Name '' -- Norma Jean , Let 's Go All the Way ( 1965 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Many Crowell - penned songs have since been covered by other artists . `` Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight '' was covered by Emmylou Harris in 1978 and , a year later , by The Oak Ridge Boys from The Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived . They released it as a single that reached Number One . </P> <P> `` Voila , An American Dream '' was covered ( as `` An American Dream '' ) by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and was the title track to their 1979 album . Released as a single , the record hit # 13 on the U.S. pop charts and # 3 in Canada . </P> <P> `` I Ai n't Living Long Like This '' was recorded in 1978 by Emmylou Harris for her album , Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town and in 1979 by Waylon Jennings for his album What Goes Around Comes Around . Brooks & Dunn recorded a version in 2003 as a tribute to Waylon . Gary Stewart and Jerry Jeff Walker also covered the song in the 1970s . Andy Griggs recorded a version for his 1999 first album , You Wo n't Ever Be Lonely . </P> <P> `` Baby , Better Start Turnin ' ' Em Down '' was covered by Emmylou Harris on her 1983 album White Shoes and by Rosanne Cash on her 1979 album Right or Wrong . `` Song for the Life '' was first covered in 1980 by John Denver and in 1982 by Waylon Jennings . Alan Jackson released his version as a single from his album Who I Am in 1994 where it became a top ten hit . </P> <P> Willie Nelson , Ricky Skaggs , Emmylou Harris and Nicolette Larson sang background vocals on several of the tracks . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <P> All tracks composed by Rodney Crowell ; except where indicated Side 1 </P> <Ol> <Li> `` Elvira '' ( Dallas Frazier ) -- 4 : 26 </Li> <Li> `` ( Now and Then There 's ) A Fool Such as I '' ( Bill Trader ) -- 3 : 14 </Li> <Li> `` Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight '' ( Donivan Cowart , Rodney Crowell ) -- 3 : 26 </Li> <Li> `` Voilá , An American Dream '' -- 3 : 53 </Li> <Li> `` I Ai n't Living Long Like This '' -- 5 : 04 </Li> </Ol> <P> Side 2 </P> <Ol> <Li> `` Baby , Better Start Turnin ' ' Em Down '' -- 4 : 31 </Li> <Li> `` Song for the Life '' -- 4 : 43 </Li> <Li> `` I Thought I Heard You Callin ' My Name '' ( Lee Emerson ) -- 3 : 13 </Li> <Li> `` California Earthquake ( A Whole Lotta Shakin ' Goin ' On ) '' -- 6 : 20 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Rodney Crowell -- vocals , acoustic guitar </Li> </Ul> <H3> Additional musicians ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Brian Ahern -- acoustic guitar , percussion </Li> <Li> Byron Berline -- fiddle , violin </Li> <Li> Hal Blaine -- drums </Li> <Li> James Burton -- dobro , electric guitar , acoustic guitar </Li> <Li> Ry Cooder -- acoustic and slide guitar </Li> <Li> Donivan Cowart -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Hank DeVito -- steel guitar </Li> <Li> Dr. John -- keyboards </Li> <Li> Amos Garrett -- acoustic and electric guitar </Li> <Li> John Goldthwaite -- electric guitar </Li> <Li> Emory Gordy , Jr. -- bass guitar </Li> <Li> Richard Greene -- strings </Li> <Li> Glen D. Hardin -- piano </Li> <Li> Emmylou Harris -- acoustic guitar , electric guitar , background vocals </Li> <Li> Jerry Jumonville -- horns , saxophone </Li> <Li> Jim Keltner -- drums </Li> <Li> Nicolette Larson -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Albert Lee -- electric guitar , mandolin , piano , acoustic guitar , background vocals </Li> <Li> Willie Nelson -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Mickey Raphael -- harmonica </Li> <Li> Tom Sauber -- banjo </Li> <Li> Ricky Skaggs -- fiddle , violin , background vocals </Li> <Li> John Ware -- percussion , drums </Li> <Li> Larry Willoughby -- background vocals </Li> </Ul> <H2> Singles ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Single </Th> <Th> US Country </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> `` Elvira '' </Td> <Td> 95 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Baby , Better Start Turnin ' ' Em Down '' </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> `` ( Now and Then , There 's ) A Fool Such as I '' </Td> <Td> 90 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Allmusic - review </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Allmusic review for `` Ai n't Livin ' Long Like This '' ( see infobox ) </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> CMT </Li> <Li> Allmusic </Li> <Li> AOL Music </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Rodney Crowell </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ai n't Living Long Like This </Li> <Li> But What Will the Neighbors Think </Li> <Li> Rodney Crowell </Li> <Li> Street Language </Li> <Li> Diamonds & Dirt </Li> <Li> Keys to the Highway </Li> <Li> Life Is Messy </Li> <Li> Let the Picture Paint Itself </Li> <Li> Jewel of the South </Li> <Li> The Houston Kid </Li> <Li> Fate 's Right Hand </Li> <Li> The Outsider </Li> <Li> Sex & Gasoline </Li> <Li> Old Yellow Moon </Li> <Li> Tarpaper Sky </Li> <Li> The Traveling Kind </Li> <Li> Close Ties </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Rodney Crowell Collection </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Elvira '' </Li> <Li> `` ( Now and Then There 's ) A Fool Such as I '' </Li> <Li> `` Ashes by Now '' </Li> <Li> `` Ai n't No Money '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's Such a Small World '' </Li> <Li> `` I Could n't Leave You If I Tried '' </Li> <Li> `` She 's Crazy for Leavin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` After All This Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Above and Beyond '' </Li> <Li> `` Many a Long and Lonesome Highway '' </Li> <Li> `` If Looks Could Kill '' </Li> <Li> `` My Past Is Present '' </Li> <Li> `` Now That We 're Alone '' </Li> <Li> `` Lovin ' All Night '' </Li> <Li> `` What Kind of Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Please Remember Me '' </Li> <Li> `` I Walk the Line Revisited '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Answer Is Yes '' </Li> <Li> `` Heartbroke '' </Li> <Li> `` I Ai n't Living Long Like This '' </Li> <Li> `` Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight '' </Li> <Li> `` Making Memories of Us '' </Li> <Li> `` Queen of Hearts '' </Li> <Li> `` Song for the Life '' </Li> <Li> `` Voilá , An American Dream '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> The Notorious Cherry Bombs </Li> <Li> The Notorious Cherry Bombs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ain%27t_Living_Long_Like_This&oldid=835431345 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1978 debut albums </Li> <Li> Rodney Crowell albums </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Records albums </Li> <Li> Albums produced by Brian Ahern ( producer ) </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Français </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 April 2018 , at 17 : 44 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "Ain't Living Long Like This" was written by

Who wrote ain't living long like this?

-7607504458781868831

Anatomy of the human nose - wikipedia <H1> Anatomy of the human nose </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Human nose </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Human nose in profile </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Internal anatomy of the nose </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artery </Th> <Td> Sphenopalatine artery and greater palatine artery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vein </Th> <Td> Facial vein </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nerve </Th> <Td> External nasal nerve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> Nasus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> A human nose from the front <P> The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils . The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum , which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils . On average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female . </P> <P> The nasal root is the top of the nose , forming an indentation at the suture where the nasal bones meet the frontal bone . The anterior nasal spine is the thin projection of bone at the midline on the lower nasal margin , holding the cartilaginous center of the nose . Adult humans have nasal hairs in the anterior nasal passage . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Bone anatomy <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Soft tissue <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1.1 Nasal subunits and nasal segments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Blood supply and drainage </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Lymphatic drainage </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Innervation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Internal nasal anatomy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Development </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> Squamous epithelium is one of several types of epithelia . The procerus muscle ( musculus procerus , pyramidalis nasi , depressor glabellae ) <H3> Bone anatomy ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the upper portion of the nose , the paired nasal bones attach to the frontal bone . Above and to the side ( superolaterally ) , the paired nasal bones connect to the lacrimal bones , and below and to the side ( inferolaterally ) , they attach to the ascending processes of the maxilla ( upper jaw ) . Above and to the back ( posterosuperiorly ) , the bony nasal septum is composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone . The vomer bone lies below and to the back ( posteroinferiorly ) , and partially forms the choanal opening into the nasopharynx , ( the upper portion of the pharynx that is continuous with the nasal passages ) . The floor of the nose comprises the premaxilla bone and the palatine bone , the roof of the mouth . </P> <P> The nasal septum is composed of the quadrangular cartilage , the vomer bone ( the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone ) , aspects of the premaxilla , and the palatine bones . Each lateral nasal wall contains three pairs of turbinates ( nasal conchae ) , which are small , thin , shell - form bones : ( i ) the superior concha , ( ii ) the middle concha , and ( iii ) the inferior concha , which are the bony framework of the turbinates . Lateral to the turbinates is the medial wall of the maxillary sinus . Inferior to the nasal conchae ( turbinates ) is the meatus space , with names that correspond to the turbinates , e.g. superior turbinate , superior meatus , et alii . The internal roof of the nose is composed by the horizontal , perforated cribriform plate ( of the ethmoid bone ) through which pass sensory filaments of the olfactory nerve ( Cranial nerve I ) ; finally , below and behind ( posteroinferior ) the cribriform plate , sloping down at an angle , is the bony face of the sphenoid sinus . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Cartilaginous pyramid of the nose </Dt> </Dl> <P> The cartilaginous septum ( septum nasi ) extends from the nasal bones in the midline ( above ) to the bony septum in the midline ( posteriorly ) , then down along the bony floor . The septum is quadrangular ; the upper half is flanked by two ( 2 ) triangular - to - trapezoidal cartilages : the upper lateral - cartilages , which are fused to the dorsal septum in the midline , and laterally attached , with loose ligaments , to the bony margin of the pyriform ( pear - shaped ) aperture , while the inferior ends of the upper lateral - cartilages are free ( unattached ) . The internal area ( angle ) , formed by the septum and upper lateral - cartilage , constitutes the internal valve of the nose ; the sesamoid cartilages are adjacent to the upper lateral - cartilages in the fibroareolar connective tissue . The respective external valve of each nose is variably dependent upon the size , shape , and strength of the lower lateral cartilage . </P> <P> Beneath the upper lateral - cartilages lay the lower lateral - cartilages ; the paired lower lateral - cartilages swing outwards , from medial attachments , to the caudal septum in the midline ( the medial crura ) to an intermediate crus ( shank ) area . Finally , the lower lateral - cartilages flare outwards , above and to the side ( superolaterally ) , as the lateral crura ; these cartilages are mobile , unlike the upper lateral cartilages . Furthermore , some persons present anatomical evidence of nasal scrolling -- i.e. an outward curving of the lower borders of the upper lateral - cartilages , and an inward curving of the cephalic borders of the alar cartilages . </P> Soft tissue ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Nasal skin -- Like the underlying bone - and - cartilage ( osseo - cartilaginous ) support framework of the nose , the external skin is divided into vertical thirds ( anatomic sections ) ; from the glabella ( the space between the eyebrows ) , to the bridge , to the tip , for corrective plastic surgery , the nasal skin is anatomically considered , as the : </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> Upper third section -- the skin of the upper nose is thick , and relatively distensible ( flexible and mobile ) , but then tapers , adhering tightly to the osseo - cartilaginous framework , and becomes the thinner skin of the dorsal section , the bridge of the nose . </Li> <Li> Middle third section -- the skin overlying the bridge of the nose ( mid-dorsal section ) is the thinnest , least distensible , nasal skin , because it most adheres to the support framework . </Li> <Li> Lower third section -- the skin of the lower nose is as thick as the skin of the upper nose , because it has more sebaceous glands , especially at the nasal tip . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Nasal lining -- At the vestibule , the human nose is lined with a mucous membrane of squamous epithelium , which tissue then transitions to become columnar respiratory epithelium , a pseudo-stratified , ciliated ( lash - like ) tissue with abundant seromucinous glands , which maintains the nasal moisture and protects the respiratory tract from bacteriologic infection and foreign objects . </Li> <Li> Nasal muscles -- The movements of the human nose are controlled by groups of facial and neck muscles that are set deep to the skin ; they are in four ( 4 ) functional groups that are interconnected by the nasal superficial aponeurosis -- the superficial musculoaponeurotic system ( SMAS ) -- which is a sheet of dense , fibrous , collagenous connective tissue that covers , invests , and forms the terminations of the muscles . <Ul> <Li> the elevator muscle group includes the procerus muscle and the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle . </Li> <Li> the depressor muscle group includes the alar nasalis muscle and the depressor septi nasi muscle . </Li> <Li> the compressor muscle group includes the transverse nasalis muscle . </Li> <Li> the dilator muscle group includes the dilator naris muscle that expands the nostrils ; it is in two parts : ( i ) the dilator nasi anterior muscle , and ( ii ) the dilator nasi posterior muscle . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> The surgical nose as aesthetic nasal segments Nasal subunits and nasal segments ( edit ) <P> To plan , map , and execute the surgical correction of a nasal defect or deformity , the structure of the external nose is divided into nine ( 9 ) aesthetic nasal subunits , and six ( 6 ) aesthetic nasal segments , which provide the plastic surgeon with the measures for determining the size , extent , and topographic locale of the nasal defect or deformity . </P> <Dl> <Dt> The surgical nose as nine ( 9 ) aesthetic nasal subunits </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> tip subunit </Li> <Li> columellar subunit </Li> <Li> right alar base subunit </Li> <Li> right alar wall subunit </Li> <Li> left alar wall subunit </Li> <Li> left alar base subunit </Li> <Li> dorsal subunit </Li> <Li> right dorsal wall subunit </Li> <Li> left dorsal wall subunit </Li> </Ol> <P> In turn , the nine ( 9 ) aesthetic nasal subunits are configured as six ( 6 ) aesthetic nasal segments ; each segment comprehends a nasal area greater than that comprehended by a nasal subunit . </P> <Dl> <Dt> The surgical nose as six ( 6 ) aesthetic nasal segments </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> the dorsal nasal segment </Li> <Li> the lateral nasal - wall segments </Li> <Li> the hemi - lobule segment </Li> <Li> the soft - tissue triangle segments </Li> <Li> the alar segments </Li> <Li> the columellar segment </Li> </Ol> The Common carotid artery <P> Using the co-ordinates of the subunits and segments to determine the topographic location of the defect on the nose , the plastic surgeon plans , maps , and executes a rhinoplasty procedure . The unitary division of the nasal topography permits minimal , but precise , cutting , and maximal corrective - tissue coverage , to produce a functional nose of proportionate size , contour , and appearance for the patient . Hence , if more than 50 per cent of an aesthetic subunit is lost ( damaged , defective , destroyed ) the surgeon replaces the entire aesthetic segment , usually with a regional tissue graft , harvested from either the face or the head , or with a tissue graft harvested from elsewhere on the patient 's body . </P> Blood supply and drainage ( edit ) <P> Like the face , the human nose is well vascularized with arteries and veins , and thus supplied with abundant blood . The principal arterial blood - vessel supply to the nose is two-fold : ( i ) branches from the internal carotid artery , the branch of the anterior ethmoid artery , the branch of the posterior ethmoid artery , which derive from the ophthalmic artery ; ( ii ) branches from the external carotid artery , the sphenopalatine artery , the greater palatine artery , the superior labial artery , and the angular artery . </P> <P> The external nose is supplied with blood by the facial artery , which becomes the angular artery that courses over the superomedial aspect of the nose . The sellar region ( sella turcica , `` Turkish chair '' ) and the dorsal region of the nose are supplied with blood by branches of the internal maxillary artery ( infraorbital ) and the ophthalmic arteries that derive from the internal common carotid artery system . </P> <P> Internally , the lateral nasal wall is supplied with blood by the sphenopalatine artery ( from behind and below ) and by the anterior ethmoid artery and

The skin between your nostrils is called

What is the name of the skin between your nostrils?

-1142715461435497032

List of cities in West Virginia - wikipedia <H1> List of cities in West Virginia </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Map of the United States with West Virginia highlighted Charleston , Capital of West Virginia West Virginia State Capitol Huntington Morgantown Wheeling Fairmont Weston <P> West Virginia is a state located in the Southern United States . The following is a list of cities in West Virginia , arranged by population . </P> <H2> List by population ( edit ) </H2> County seat State capital and county seat <Table> <Tr> <Th> 2014 Rank </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> 2014 Estimate </Th> <Th> 2010 Census </Th> <Th> Change </Th> <Th> County </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 </Td> <Td> Charleston † † </Td> <Td> 50,404 </Td> <Td> 51,400 </Td> <Td> 2999806225680933850 ♠ − 1.94 % </Td> <Td> Kanawha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 </Td> <Td> Huntington </Td> <Td> 48,807 </Td> <Td> 49,138 </Td> <Td> 3000326386910334160 ♠ − 0.67 % </Td> <Td> Cabell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 </Td> <Td> Morgantown </Td> <Td> 31,073 </Td> <Td> 29,660 </Td> <Td> 7000476399190829400 ♠ + 4.76 % </Td> <Td> Monongalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000400000000000000 ♠ 4 </Td> <Td> Parkersburg </Td> <Td> 30,981 </Td> <Td> 31,492 </Td> <Td> 2999837736568017270 ♠ − 1.62 % </Td> <Td> Wood </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 </Td> <Td> Wheeling </Td> <Td> 27,790 </Td> <Td> 28,486 </Td> <Td> 2999755669451660459 ♠ − 2.44 % </Td> <Td> Ohio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 </Td> <Td> Weirton </Td> <Td> 19,362 </Td> <Td> 19,746 </Td> <Td> 2999805530233971440 ♠ − 1.94 % </Td> <Td> Hancock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 </Td> <Td> Fairmont </Td> <Td> 18,740 </Td> <Td> 18,704 </Td> <Td> 6999192472198460210 ♠ + 0.19 % </Td> <Td> Marion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 </Td> <Td> Martinsburg </Td> <Td> 17,743 </Td> <Td> 17,227 </Td> <Td> 7000299529807859760 ♠ + 3.00 % </Td> <Td> Berkeley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 </Td> <Td> Beckley </Td> <Td> 17,238 </Td> <Td> 17,614 </Td> <Td> 2999786533439309640 ♠ − 2.13 % </Td> <Td> Raleigh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 </Td> <Td> Clarksburg </Td> <Td> 16,242 </Td> <Td> 16,578 </Td> <Td> 2999797321751719150 ♠ − 2.03 % </Td> <Td> Harrison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 </Td> <Td> South Charleston </Td> <Td> 13,214 </Td> <Td> 13,450 </Td> <Td> 2999824535315985130 ♠ − 1.75 % </Td> <Td> Kanawha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001120000000000000 ♠ 12 </Td> <Td> St. Albans </Td> <Td> 10,835 </Td> <Td> 11,044 </Td> <Td> 2999810756972111550 ♠ − 1.89 % </Td> <Td> Kanawha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001130000000000000 ♠ 13 </Td> <Td> Vienna </Td> <Td> 10,562 </Td> <Td> 10,749 </Td> <Td> 2999826030328402639 ♠ − 1.74 % </Td> <Td> Wood </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001140000000000000 ♠ 14 </Td> <Td> Bluefield </Td> <Td> 10,448 </Td> <Td> 10,447 </Td> <Td> 6997957212596917060 ♠ + 0.01 % </Td> <Td> Mercer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 </Td> <Td> Moundsville </Td> <Td> 8,891 </Td> <Td> 9,318 </Td> <Td> 2999541747156042070 ♠ − 4.58 % </Td> <Td> Marshall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001160000000000000 ♠ 16 </Td> <Td> Bridgeport </Td> <Td> 8,358 </Td> <Td> 8,149 </Td> <Td> 7000256473186894100 ♠ + 2.56 % </Td> <Td> Harrison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001170000000000000 ♠ 17 </Td> <Td> Oak Hill </Td> <Td> 8,175 </Td> <Td> 7,730 </Td> <Td> 7000575679172056920 ♠ + 5.76 % </Td> <Td> Fayette </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001180000000000000 ♠ 18 </Td> <Td> Dunbar </Td> <Td> 7,749 </Td> <Td> 7,907 </Td> <Td> 2999800177058302770 ♠ − 2.00 % </Td> <Td> Kanawha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001190000000000000 ♠ 19 </Td> <Td> Elkins </Td> <Td> 7,286 </Td> <Td> 7,094 </Td> <Td> 7000270651254581339 ♠ + 2.71 % </Td> <Td> Randolph </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001200000000000000 ♠ 20 </Td> <Td> Nitro </Td> <Td> 6,837 </Td> <Td> 7,178 </Td> <Td> 2999524937308442460 ♠ − 4.75 % </Td> <Td> Kanawha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001210000000000000 ♠ 21 </Td> <Td> Hurricane </Td> <Td> 6,396 </Td> <Td> 6,284 </Td> <Td> 7000178230426479950 ♠ + 1.78 % </Td> <Td> Putnam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 </Td> <Td> Princeton </Td> <Td> 6,359 </Td> <Td> 6,432 </Td> <Td> 2999886504975124380 ♠ − 1.13 % </Td> <Td> Mercer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23 </Td> <Td> Charles Town </Td> <Td> 5,706 </Td> <Td> 5,259 </Td> <Td> 7000849971477467200 ♠ + 8.50 % </Td> <Td> Jefferson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001240000000000000 ♠ 24 </Td> <Td> Buckhannon </Td> <Td> 5,679 </Td> <Td> 5,639 </Td> <Td> 6999709345628657570 ♠ + 0.71 % </Td> <Td> Upshur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 </Td> <Td> Keyser </Td> <Td> 5,264 </Td> <Td> 5,439 </Td> <Td> 2999678249678249680 ♠ − 3.22 % </Td> <Td> Mineral </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 </Td> <Td> New Martinsville </Td> <Td> 5,254 </Td> <Td> 5,366 </Td> <Td> 2999791278419679460 ♠ − 2.09 % </Td> <Td> Wetzel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001270000000000000 ♠ 27 </Td> <Td> Grafton </Td> <Td> 5,199 </Td> <Td> 5,164 </Td> <Td> 6999677769171185140 ♠ + 0.68 % </Td> <Td> Taylor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001280000000000000 ♠ 28 </Td> <Td> Ranson </Td> <Td> 4,830 </Td> <Td> 4,440 </Td> <Td> 7000878378378378380 ♠ + 8.78 % </Td> <Td> Jefferson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001290000000000000 ♠ 29 </Td> <Td> Point Pleasant </Td> <Td> 4,284 </Td> <Td> 4,350 </Td> <Td> 2999848275862068970 ♠ − 1.52 % </Td> <Td> Mason </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> Westover </Td> <Td> 4,173 </Td> <Td> 3,983 </Td> <Td> 7000477027366306800 ♠ + 4.77 % </Td> <Td> Monongalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> Weston </Td> <Td> 4,079 </Td> <Td> 4,110 </Td> <Td> 3000245742092457419 ♠ − 0.75 % </Td> <Td> Lewis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 </Td> <Td> Lewisburg </Td> <Td> 3,939 </Td> <Td> 3,830 </Td> <Td> 7000284595300261100 ♠ + 2.85 % </Td> <Td> Greenbrier </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 </Td> <Td> Ravenswood </Td> <Td> 3,834 </Td> <Td> 3,876 </Td> <Td> 2999891640866873060 ♠ − 1.08 % </Td> <Td> Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> Summersville </Td> <Td> 3,513 </Td> <Td> 3,572 </Td> <Td> 2999834826427771560 ♠ − 1.65 % </Td> <Td> Nicholas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 </Td> <Td> Ripley </Td> <Td> 3,242 </Td> <Td> 3,252 </Td> <Td> 3000692496924969250 ♠ − 0.31 % </Td> <Td> Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001360000000000000 ♠ 36 </Td> <Td> Philippi </Td> <Td> 3,233 </Td> <Td> 2,966 </Td> <Td> 7000900202292650030 ♠ + 9.00 % </Td> <Td> Barbour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> Pleasant Valley </Td> <Td> 3,185 </Td> <Td> 3,149 </Td> <Td> 7000114322006986340 ♠ + 1.14 % </Td> <Td> Marion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001380000000000000 ♠ 38 </Td> <Td> Kenova </Td> <Td> 3,096 </Td> <Td> 3,216 </Td> <Td> 2999626865671641790 ♠ − 3.73 % </Td> <Td> Wayne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001390000000000000 ♠ 39 </Td> <Td> Williamson </Td> <Td> 3,051 </Td> <Td> 3,191 </Td> <Td> 2999561266060795990 ♠ − 4.39 % </Td> <Td> Mingo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001400000000000000 ♠ 40 </Td> <Td> Madison </Td> <Td> 2,968 </Td> <Td> 3,076 </Td> <Td> 2999648894668400520 ♠ − 3.51 % </Td> <Td> Boone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001410000000000000 ♠ 41 </Td> <Td> Kingwood </Td> <Td> 2,956 </Td> <Td> 2,939 </Td> <Td> 6999578428036747190 ♠ + 0.58 % </Td> <Td> Preston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001420000000000000 ♠ 42 </Td> <Td> Williamstown </Td> <Td> 2,936 </Td> <Td> 2,908 </Td> <Td> 6999962861072902330 ♠ + 0.96 % </Td> <Td> Wood </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001430000000000000 ♠ 43 </Td> <Td> Follansbee </Td> <Td> 2,911 </Td> <Td> 2,986 </Td> <Td> 2999748827863362360 ♠ − 2.51 % </Td> <Td> Brooke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001440000000000000 ♠ 44 </Td> <Td> Wellsburg </Td> <Td> 2,725 </Td> <Td> 2,805 </Td> <Td> 2999714795008912660 ♠ − 2.85 % </Td> <Td> Brooke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001450000000000000 ♠ 45 </Td> <Td> Hinton </Td> <Td> 2,556 </Td> <Td> 2,676 </Td> <Td> 2999551569506726460 ♠ − 4.48 % </Td> <Td> Summers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001460000000000000 ♠ 46 </Td> <Td> Paden City </Td> <Td> 2,540 </Td> <Td> 2,633 </Td> <Td> 2999646790733004180 ♠ − 3.53 % </Td> <Td> Wetzel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001470000000000000 ♠ 47 </Td> <Td> Granville </Td> <Td> 2,529 </Td> <Td> 781 </Td> <Td> 7002223815620998720 ♠ + 223.82 % </Td> <Td> Monongalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001480000000000000 ♠ 48 </Td> <Td> Chester </Td> <Td> 2,527 </Td> <Td> 2,585 </Td> <Td> 2999775628626692460 ♠ − 2.24 % </Td> <Td> Hancock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001490000000000000 ♠ 49 </Td> <Td> Petersburg </Td> <Td> 2,451 </Td> <Td> 2,467 </Td> <Td> 3000351438994730450 ♠ − 0.65 % </Td> <Td> Grant </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001500000000000000 ♠ 50 </Td> <Td> White Sulphur Springs </Td> <Td> 2,441 </Td> <Td> 2,444 </Td> <Td> 3000877250409165310 ♠ − 0.12 % </Td> <Td> Greenbrier </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001510000000000000 ♠ 51 </Td> <Td> Spencer </Td> <Td> 2,234 </Td> <Td> 2,322 </Td> <Td> 2999621016365202410 ♠ − 3.79 % </Td> <Td> Roane </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001520000000000000 ♠ 52 </Td> <Td> Shinnston </Td> <Td> 2,178 </Td> <Td> 2,201 </Td> <Td> 2999895502044525220 ♠ − 1.04 % </Td> <Td> Harrison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001530000000000000 ♠ 53 </Td> <Td> Welch </Td> <Td> 2,154 </Td> <Td> 2,406 </Td> <Td> 2998895261845386530 ♠ − 10.47 % </Td> <Td> McDowell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001540000000000000 ♠ 54 </Td> <Td> Mannington </Td> <Td> 2,072 </Td> <Td> 2,063 </Td> <Td> 6999436257876878330 ♠ + 0.44 % </Td> <Td> Marion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001550000000000000 ♠ 55 </Td> <Td> Richwood </Td> <Td> 2,001 </Td> <Td> 2,051 </Td> <Td> 2999756216479765970 ♠ − 2.44 % </Td> <Td> Nicholas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001560000000000000 ♠ 56 </Td> <Td> McMechen </Td> <Td> 1,866 </Td> <Td> 1,926 </Td> <Td> 2999688473520249220 ♠ − 3.12 % </Td> <Td> Marshall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001570000000000000 ♠ 57 </Td> <Td> St. Marys </Td> <Td> 1,860 </Td> <Td> 1,860 </Td> <Td> 5000000000000000000 ♠ 0.00 % </Td> <Td> Pleasants </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001580000000000000 ♠ 58 </Td> <Td> Romney </Td> <Td> 1,788 </Td> <Td> 1,848 </Td> <Td> 2999675324675324680 ♠ − 3.25 % </Td> <Td> Hampshire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001590000000000000 ♠ 59 </Td> <Td> Stonewood </Td> <Td> 1,772 </Td> <Td> 1,806 </Td> <Td> 2999811738648947950 ♠ − 1.88 % </Td> <Td> Harrison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001600000000000000 ♠ 60 </Td> <Td> Ronceverte </Td> <Td> 1,753 </Td> <Td> 1,765 </Td> <Td> 3000320113314447589 ♠ − 0.68 % </Td> <Td> Greenbrier </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001610000000000000 ♠ 61 </Td> <Td> Logan </Td> <Td> 1,682 </Td> <Td> 1,779 </Td> <Td> 2999454749859471610 ♠ − 5.45 % </Td> <Td> Logan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001620000000000000 ♠ 62 </Td> <Td> Montgomery </Td> <Td> 1,607 </Td> <Td> 1,638 </Td> <Td> 2999810744810744810 ♠ − 1.89 % </Td> <Td> Fayette </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001630000000000000 ♠ 63 </Td> <Td> Salem </Td> <Td> 1,557 </Td> <Td> 1,586 </Td> <Td> 2999817150063051700 ♠ − 1.83 % </Td> <Td> Harrison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001640000000000000 ♠ 64 </Td> <Td> Mullens </Td> <Td> 1,494 </Td> <Td> 1,559 </Td> <Td> 2999583066067992300 ♠ − 4.17 % </Td> <Td> Wyoming </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001650000000000000 ♠ 65 </Td> <Td> Glen Dale </Td> <Td> 1,483 </Td> <Td> 1,526 </Td> <Td> 2999718217562254260 ♠ − 2.82 % </Td> <Td> Marshall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001660000000000000 ♠ 66 </Td> <Td> Marmet </Td> <Td> 1,469 </Td> <Td> 1,503 </Td> <Td> 2999773785761809710 ♠ − 2.26 % </Td> <Td> Kanawha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001670000000000000 ♠ 67 </Td> <Td> Parsons </Td> <Td> 1,427 </Td> <Td> 1,485 </Td> <Td> 2999609427609427610 ♠ − 3.91 % </Td> <Td> Tucker </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001680000000000000 ♠ 68 </Td> <Td> Ansted </Td> <Td> 1,398 </Td> <Td> 1,404 </Td> <Td> 3000572649572649570 ♠ − 0.43 % </Td> <Td> Fayette </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001690000000000000 ♠ 69 </Td> <Td> Ceredo </Td> <Td> 1,395 </Td> <Td> 1,450 </Td> <Td> 2999620689655172410 ♠ − 3.79 % </Td> <Td> Wayne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001700000000000000 ♠ 70 </Td> <Td> Mabscott </Td> <Td> 1,388 </Td> <Td> 1,408 </Td> <Td> 2999857954545454550 ♠ − 1.42 % </Td> <Td> Raleigh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001710000000000000 ♠ 71 </Td> <Td> Wayne </Td> <Td> 1,385 </Td> <Td> 1,413 </Td> <Td> 2999801840056617130 ♠ − 1.98 % </Td> <Td> Wayne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001720000000000000 ♠ 72 </Td> <Td> Benwood </Td> <Td> 1,378 </Td> <Td> 1,420 </Td> <Td> 2999704225352112680 ♠ − 2.96 % </Td> <Td> Marshall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001730000000000000 ♠ 73 </Td> <Td> Sistersville </Td> <Td> 1,375 </Td> <Td> 1,396 </Td> <Td> 2999849570200573069 ♠ − 1.50 % </Td> <Td> Tyler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7001740000000000000 ♠ 74 </Td> <Td> Mount Hope </Td> <Td> 1,370 </Td> <Td> 1,414 </Td> <Td> 2999688826025459690 ♠ − 3.11 % </Td>

The biggest town in West Virginia is

What is the biggest town in west virginia?

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WWE Superstars & Slam Jam </Td> <Td> March 31 , 1997 -- March 25 , 2002 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` We 're All Together Now '' </Td> <Td> WWE Superstars & Slam Jam </Td> <Td> March 31 , 1997 -- March 25 , 2002 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Across the Nation '' </Td> <Td> The Union Underground </Td> <Td> April 1 , 2002 -- October 2 , 2006 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` ... To Be Loved '' </Td> <Td> Papa Roach </Td> <Td> October 9 , 2006 -- November 9 , 2009 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Burn It to the Ground '' </Td> <Td> Nickelback </Td> <Td> November 16 , 2009 -- July 16 , 2012 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Tonight Is the Night '' </Td> <Td> Outasight </Td> <Td> July 23 , 2012 ( only used for Raw 1000 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` The Night '' </Td> <Td> Kromestatik </Td> <Td> July 23 , 2012 -- August 11 , 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` The Night '' ( 2014 Remix ) </Td> <Td> CFO $ </Td> <Td> August 18 , 2014 -- July 18 , 2016 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Enemies '' </Td> <Td> Shinedown </Td> <Td> July 25 , 2016 -- January 22 , 2018 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Born for Greatness '' </Td> <Td> Papa Roach </Td> <Td> January 29 , 2018 -- present </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> ^ Bold song titles denotes that the song is currently being used as the show 's theme . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Naming controversy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The name for Raw was disputed in June 2009 when Muscle Flex Inc. , a Los Angeles - based fitness company , had taken legal action against the WWE after a court ruled that some of WWE 's trademarks related to Raw were similar enough to the In the Raw trademark that they caused confusion among Canadians . On June 18 , 2008 , the Canadian Intellectual Property Office then issued a final decision that found certain wares listed in the trademark application from WWE ( No. 1,153,018 ) were confusingly similar and thus lacked distinctiveness from the Muscle Flex trademark , which Muscle Flex is in the process of acquiring . The WWE appealed the CIPO 's ruling to the Federal Court of Canada , but failed to file the required documents by the deadline . </P> <P> In August 2009 , the court ruled in favor of Muscle Flex , Inc. that it was successful in defending its In the Raw trademark against the WWE . In a press release date issued on July 20 , 2009 , Muscle Flex Inc. disclosed that it was in possession of WWE Raw - labeled items that it believes directly infringe on its In the Raw trademark such as various CDs , VHS tapes , and a number of apparel items . According to the WWE 's most recent reported financial quarter in 2009 , combined sales of WWE 's consumer products and digital media business segments produced $40 million in global revenues . In previous quarters , these numbers were even higher . </P> <H2> Special episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of WWE Raw special episodes <P> Throughout its broadcast history , the show has aired episodes that have different themes . Some of them are yearly events such as the Slammy Awards . Others include tributes to various professional wrestlers who have recently died or retired from actively performing , as well as episodes commemorating various show milestones or anniversaries . </P> <H2> On - air personalities ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of WWE Raw on - air personalities <P> The show features various on - air personalities including the wrestlers themselves ( both males and females ) , ring announcers , commentators , and on - screen authority figures . Raw also has had various recurring on - air segments hosted by members of the roster . </P> <H2> Broadcast ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show airs live on the USA Network . Raw and also airs Wednesdays on Universo in Spanish . Occasionally , Raw is aired on same - day tape delay when WWE is on an overseas tour . Raw is also shown live on Sky Sports Main Event and Sky Sports Arena , with replay shows airing on Sky Sports Arena in the United Kingdom and Ireland . Raw aires live in India at 5.30 am in Tuesdays on Sony Ten 1 . Since October 6 , 2014 , Raw has been airing live throughout Latin America on Fox Sports . The show also airs live on Supersport in South Africa on Tuesdays at 02 : 00 am CAT . RAW had aired in Australia on Fox8 since 2003 , usually on a 27 - hour tape delay , but has started airing live as of February 4 , 2014. , Syfy in the United States started airing a 2 - hour replay of Raw on May 20 , 2016 . For the U.S. audience , Raw has been under a multi-year contract extension for the USA Network which currently is under a 10 - year stint ; the agreement does not get renewed until January 2023 . </P> <H3> Online streaming ( edit ) </H3> <P> On September 24 , 2012 , Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company 's TV shows and some of its web series which includes Raw . Episodes of Raw are available for viewing the following day and only a condensed 90 minute version is available , not the full version as shown the previous night on the USA Network . </P> <P> As of December 9 , 2016 , all episodes of Raw are available on demand on the WWE Network . Recent episodes are available for on - demand viewing 30 days after the original air date . </P> <P> After Wrestlemania 32 in 2016 , WWE began with airing the newest episodes of Raw and SmackDown on YouTube for countries that do n't have WWE programming on traditional TV for free in less than 24 hours after the original broadcast ( The links are blocked in countries where the shows are traditionally available ) . The 90 - minute Hulu Plus version gets put on YouTube for international audiences . </P> <H3> Canada ( edit ) </H3> <P> From 1996 to 2006 , Raw was shown on The Sports Network until it moved to rival sports broadcaster The Score ( now renamed Sportsnet 360 ) after it was announced that TSN would be carrying Monday Night Football for the 2006 season . This also meant that Canadian viewers would be watching via tape - delay , as The Score does not broadcast Raw live . Around that time , The Score aired Countdown to Raw until May 2013 when Raw is shown live to match the United States airtime . </P> <P> During its run on TSN , which aired live , occasionally had been censored live for extremely violent scenes , or when female wrestlers or characters were assaulted by male wrestlers . These actions are supposed to be in order to meet Canadian broadcast standards , with repeat broadcasts often more heavily edited . This move had disappointed many wrestling fans over the years , and is unusual since the violence of wrestling scenes are not significantly different from other television programs aired on regular Canadian networks . </P> <P> The show currently airs live on Sportsnet 360 . </P> <H3> The middle east ( edit ) </H3> <P> Raw airs in the Arab world on OSN Sports and MBC Action , on FM1 in Iran and on Sport 1 and Sport 1 HD in Israel . Raw further began airing on D - Smart in Turkey . </P> <H3> Europe ( edit ) </H3> <P> Raw airs on AB3 in Belgium and is translated into Dutch , French , and German . The show airs on Nova Sport in the Czech Republic and on AB1 in France . </P> <P> Raw airs on ProSieben MAXX and ProSieben Fun in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Luxembourg , and Liechtenstein on Wednesdays at 10 PM . The show airs on Nova Sports 3 in Greece . </P> <P> Raw airs live on Sky Sport 2 , Sky Sport 2 HD , with international version shows airing on Cielo TV in Italy in Italian . </P> <P> The show airs on Extreme Sports Channel in Poland . It airs on SIC Radical and on SIC K on Friday nights in Portugal . </P> <P> Raw airs on Sport.ro in Romania . The show airs on Prva Srpska Televizija in Serbia . It airs on Neox in Spain in Spanish . </P> <P> Raw airs on Diema Sport in Bulgaria . The show airs on Televizija OBN in Bosnia and Herzegovina . It airs on BTV in Lithuania . </P> <H3> Asia and pacific ( edit ) </H3> <P> Raw airs on Sony Ten 1 and Sony Ten 1 HD in Nepal . It airs on MNC Sports 2 in Indonesia . </P> <P> Raw airs live on Sony Ten 1 HD and Sony Ten 1 in India . And airs exclusive in Pakistan and Sri Lanka . </P> <P> Raw airs live on SuperSport 2 HD in Singapore . The show airs on TrueVisions in Thailand . The show airs on 2 × 2 in Russia . </P> <P> Raw airs live on Fox8 and Thursday nights on 9Go ! as a one - hour version in Australia . </P> <P> The show airs live on J Sports 4 in Japan . </P> <P> In New Zealand , Raw airs live on Sky 5 , Saturday nights on Maori Television as a one - hour version , and Monday nights on Te Reo as a one - hour version in the Maori language . </P> <P> Raw airs in China on various local networks within China and Videoland Television Network in Taiwan in both English and Thai . </P> <P> Raw airs in Hong Kong on ViuTVsix . </P> <H3> Latin America ( edit ) </H3> <P> Raw airs live on Fox Sports in Mexico and across Central and South America . It also airs on La Red in Chile , Unitel in Bolivia , Canal Uno in Colombia , Teleamazonas in Ecuador , Andina de Televisión in Peru , Repretel : Canal 11 in Costa Rica , Canal VTV in El Salvador , Canal 5 in Honduras , RPC Canal 4 in Panama . </P> <H3> South Africa ( edit ) </H3> <P> It airs live on SuperSport in South Africa . </P> <Ul> <Li> Professional wrestling portal </Li> <Li> Television portal </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Cohen , Eric ( June 25 , 2013 ) . `` The History of Monday Night RAW '' . ProWrestling.com . Retrieved September 5 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` WWE ENTERTAINMENT , INC . REVISES FULL YEAR REVENUE AND EBITDA ESTIMATES FOR FISCAL YEAR 2001 '' . WWE.com . September 27 , 2000 . Retrieved September 5 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Axel Saalbach . `` Wrestlingdata.com -- The World 's Largest Wrestling Database '' . wrestlingdata.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Axel Saalbach . `` Wrestlingdata.com -- The World 's Largest Wrestling Database '' . wrestlingdata.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Online World of Wrestling '' . onlineworldofwrestling.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` April 16 , 2007 RAW results , from Wrestleview.com '' . wrestleview.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` WWE Raw SuperShow results : Mexican standoff '' . WWE . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Raw expands to three hours starting July 23 '' . WWE . May 17 , 2012 . Retrieved 2012 - 05 -

Monday Night Raw becomes available on Hulu

When does monday night raw come on hulu?

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ATP hydrolysis - wikipedia <H1> ATP hydrolysis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : Grammar and word choice seem confused in places , may need a careful look by someone who knows the subject . Please help improve this article if you can . ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Structure of ATP Structure of ADP Four possible resonance structures for orthophosphate <P> ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high - energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is released , for example in muscles , by producing work in the form of mechanical energy . The product is adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) and an inorganic phosphate , orthophosphate ( P ) . ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy , adenosine monophosphate ( AMP ) , and another orthophosphate ( P ) . ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction , the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes , and biosynthetic processes necessary to maintain life . </P> <P> The description and typical textbook labeling anhydridic bonds as `` high energy ... bonds '' can be very misleading to students . These bonds are in fact relatively weak . They do involve high energy electrons but the bonds themselves are quite easy to break . As noted below , energy is released by the hydrolysis of ATP when these weak bonds are broken -- requiring a small input of energy , followed by the formation of new bonds and the release of a larger amount of energy as the total energy of the system is lowered and becomes more stable . </P> <P> Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups in ATP is especially exergonic , because the resulting orthophosphate group is greatly stabilized by multiple resonance structures , making the products ( ADP and P ) much lower in energy than the reactant ( ATP ) . The high negative charge density associated with the three adjacent phosphate units of ATP also destabilizes the molecule , making it higher in energy . Hydrolysis relieves some of these electrostatic repulsions , liberating useful energy in the process by causing conformational changes in enzyme structure . </P> <P> In humans , approximately 60 percent of the energy released from the hydrolysis of one mole of ATP produces metabolic heat rather than fuel the actual reactions taking place . Due to the acid - base properties of ATP , ADP , and inorganic phosphate , the hydrolysis of ATP has the effect of lowering the pH of the reaction medium . Under certain conditions , high levels of ATP hydrolysis can contribute to lactic acidosis . </P> <H2> How much energy ATP hydrolysis produces ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydridic bond is a highly exergonic process . The amount of released energy depends on the conditions in a particular cell . Specifically , the energy released is dependent on concentrations of ATP , ADP and P . The further the concentrations are from equilibrium the greater the absolute value of Gibbs free energy change ( ΔG ) will be . In standard conditions ( ATP , ADP and P concentrations are equal to 1M , water concentration is equal to 55M ) the value of ΔG is between - 28 to - 34 kJ / mol . </P> <P> The variability of the ΔG value exists , because this reaction is also dependent on the concentration of Mg cations . The cation Mg plays a role in stabilizing the ATP molecule . But the conditions in a cell are far from the standard state . In fact the ΔG in standard conditions would mean that the concentrations are close to equilibrium . And if cells were actually at equilibrium the change in Gibbs free energy would be zero . That would mean , that no energy is acquired by ATP hydrolysis , and that would have fatal consequences for the organism . Because this reaction is often coupled with thermodynamically unfavorable reactions , to give an overall negative ( spontaneous ) change in Gibbs free energy ( ΔG ) for the reaction sequence . </P> <P> The outcome of ATP hydrolysis is dependent not only on the studied organism , but also on the tissue or even the compartment within the cell . The current demand for energy must be taken into account as well . Variability in the ΔG are therefore to be expected . It is important to realize how far away are the actual concentrations from the standard condition concentrations . They are lower by three orders of magnitude ( standard condition values are in M and in reality they are in mM ) . Because these concentrations are so low , the reaction will be energetically more favorable . </P> <P> To find out the ΔG in vivo in humans , the concentration of ATP , ADP and P are measured by using nuclear magnetic resonance . In a human body , in muscle , while in resting state the concentration of ATP is around 4 mM and the concentration of ADP is around 9 μmol / l . And thus the ATP hydrolysis yields the ΔG value of - 64 kJ / mol . After ischemia , when the muscle is recovering from exercise , the concentration of ATP is as low as 1 mM and the concentration of ADP is around 7 μmol / l . Therefore the absolute ΔG would be as high as - 69 kJ / mol . </P> <P> By comparing the standard value of ΔG and the real life value of ΔG , we can see that the worth of ATP , as measured in humans , is almost twice as much as the worth of ATP in standard conditions . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dephosphorylation </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Syberg , F. Suveyzdis , Y. , Kotting , C. , Gerwert K. , & Hofmann , E. Time - Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of the Nucleotide - binding Domain from the ATP - binding Cassette Transporter MsbA : ATP HYDROLYSIS ID THE RATE - LIMITING STEP IN THE CATALYTIC CYCLE . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 278 ( 28 ) , 23923 - 23931 doi : 10.1074 / jbc. M112. 359208 </Li> <Li> Zharova , T.V , & Vinogradov , Proton - Translocating ATP - synthase of Paracoccus denitrificans : ATP - Hydrolytic Activity . Biochemistry ( 00062979 : , 68 ( 10 ) , A.D. ( 2003 ) . 1101 - 1108 </Li> <Li> Kamerlin , S.C. , & Warshel , A. ( 2009 ) . On the energetics of ATP hydrolysis in solution . The Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 113 ( 47 ) , 15692 - 15698 . </Li> <Li> Bergman , C. , Kashiwaya , Y. , & Veech , R.L. ( 2010 ) The effect of pH and Free Mg2+ on ATP Linked Enzymes and the Calculation of Gibbs Free Energy of ATP Hydrolysis . Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 114 ( 49 ) , 16137 - 16146 . </Li> <Li> Berg , J.M. , Tymoczko , J.L. , Stryer , L. , Biochemistry , international edition . W.H. Freeman. ; New York , New York , 2011 ; p 287 </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Specific </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Lodish , Harvey ( 2013 ) . Molecular cell biology ( 7th ed . ) . New York : W.H. Freeman and Co. pp. 52 , 53 . ISBN 9781464109812 . OCLC 171110915 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Berne & Levy physiology . Berne , Robert M. , 1918 - 2001. , Koeppen , Bruce M. , Stanton , Bruce A. ( 6th , updated ed . ) . Philadelphia , PA : Mosby / Elsevier . 2010 . ISBN 9780323073622 . OCLC 435728438 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Standard Gibbs free energy of ATP hydrolysis - Generic - BNID 101989 '' . bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 25 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Philips , Ron Milo & Ron . `` '' How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis ? `` . book.bionumbers.org . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wackerhage , H. ; Hoffmann , U. ; Essfeld , D. ; Leyk , D. ; Mueller , K. ; Zange , J. ( December 1998 ) . `` Recovery of free ADP , Pi , and free energy of ATP hydrolysis in human skeletal muscle '' . Journal of Applied Physiology. 85 ( 6 ) : 2140 -- 2145 . doi : 10.1152 / jappl. 1998.85. 6.2140 . ISSN 8750 - 7587 . PMID 9843537 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATP_hydrolysis&oldid=831577050 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Cellular respiration </Li> <Li> Exercise physiology </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from February 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles needing cleanup from February 2018 </Li> <Li> All pages needing cleanup </Li> <Li> Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from February 2018 </Li> <Li> Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from February 2018 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 March 2018 , at 08 : 12 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

When one phosphate group is removed from ATP, the breakdown product formed is

What is the breakdown product formed when one phosphate group is removed from atp?

-2520765213268223500

s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hindi ( primary ) </Li> <Li> English ( minor ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Vikram Bhatt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mumbai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Star India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Star Plus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> SDTV 576i </Li> <Li> HDTV 1080i </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 23 October 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 23 ) -- 2 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Hotstar </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara ( English : Be Careful My Heart ) is an Indian drama television series broadcast on Star Plus from 23 October 2017 to 2 February 2018 . The series was produced by Vikram Bhatt . The show was earlier titled as Ishq Gunaah . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <P> It 's a story about a married couple with an age gap of 20 years . Ahana was always loved by her father . Her mother Laila Raichand is a sly , ambitious , greedy woman who cheated on her husband . Ahana 's father dies of shock taking his wife 's betrayal too hard . Ahana witnesses their argument hereby developing an intense hatred for her mother . Ahana , frustrated at her life at home after her father 's death , finds solace in Anant Mathur , a friend of her dad . Saloni , Ahana 's elder sister is about to be married to her sweetheart Tarun . Tarun 's father , Mr Gupta is not keen on letting them get married since he is aware of Laila 's gold - digging tendencies . He wants Saloni to sign a prenup . When Laila finds out she is infuriated and wants to cancel the wedding . The plot twist comes in the form of Saloni 's pregnancy . Laila agrees to the wedding on the condition that Tarun provides 3 crore rupees to her . Tarun and Saloni get married . Meanwhile , Laila sets her eyes on marrying Anant Mathur as he is a rich businessman in order to pay off her debts and increase her social status . But Anant proposes to Ahana and they decide to get married . Rehaan convinces Roshni , Anant 's daughter to give her blessings . Anant goes to Laila to ask for Ahana 's hand in marriage to him . Laila is furious . She agrees to the marriage and puts forward a condition to Anant . As the story continues Ahana and Anant face many obstacles in their marriage due to the age difference , society , rivalry and family . Rehaan begins to fall for Ahana , while simultaneously learning that she married Anant just to defy and insult her mother for revenge . As he loves Anant who is like a father - figure to him , he does n't want to see him cheated and tells Anant that Ahana did n't actually love him , not realizing that Ahana truly loves Anant and revenge against her mother was a bonus . On revealing her supposed intentions , it is not taken up well by Anant at first , which leads Rehaan to leave the house . Later being asked for answers , Ahana reveals the initial reason behind the marriage before Anant that shatters him . Misunderstandings brew up . Soon after , Ahana gets pregnant . Elated , she tries to reveal this to Anant . In a series of misunderstandings and the growing distance between them , she is forced to take up the decision of aborting her unborn child . Laila is left broke by Gupta , she has an accident . Rehaan realizes his mistakes . After knowing the abortion bit , Anand again hates Ahana . Rehaan asks for ahana 's forgiveness . She forgives him soon after and is taken care of by him . He supports her through the hard times and they go for a Goa trip . Rehaan and Ahana grow closer during the trip . Meanwhile , Anant realizes his mistake and wants to give a second chance to their marriage . Laila gets discharged and is brought home by Anant . She notices Ahana behave weirdly and asks her about her closeness with Rehaan . Ahana struggles to get Rehaan off her mind . She realizes that she actually loves Rehaan and not Anant after getting taunted by Laila that she 's turning up to be just like her mother . A frustrated Ahana tries to keep a distance from Rehaan but ends up having more troubles . Rehaan breaks up with Vyoma , his girlfriend . A scorned Vyoma writes a letter to let Anant know about the supposed brewing closeness of Rehaan and Ahana . But Laila rewrites the letter describing Rehaan 's relationship with Vyoma . But Roshni misplaces the original letter in order to create trouble between the two . The show ends abruptly with Anant reading the letter and screaming at Rehaan and Ahana asking if what 's written is true . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sanjay Kapoor </Td> <Td> Anant Mathur </Td> <Td> Ahana 's husband and her father 's friend . He loves Ahana but misunderstandings ruin their relationship . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Smriti Kalra </Td> <Td> Ahana Mathur </Td> <Td> Laila Raichand 's daughter and Anant Mathur 's wife . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aashim Gulati </Td> <Td> Rehan Khanna </Td> <Td> Anant 's friend 's son and Saloni 's ex-boyfriend . He loves Ahaana . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Niki Aneja Walia </Td> <Td> Laila Raichand </Td> <Td> Saloni and Ahana 's mother . A greedy woman who cheats her husband and earlier wanted to marry Anant for money . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cheshtha Bhagat </Td> <Td> Saloni Gupta ( Raichand ) </Td> <Td> Laila Raichand 's daughter and Tarun 's wife . She loved Rehaan earlier . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Puneet Sharma </Td> <Td> Tarun Gupta </Td> <Td> Saloni 's husband . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indraneel Bhattacharya </Td> <Td> Mahendra Gupta </Td> <Td> Tarun 's father and Laila Raichand 's business rival . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beena Banerjee </Td> <Td> Reema </Td> <Td> Anant 's elder sister </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anandita Pagnis </Td> <Td> Roshni Mathur </Td> <Td> Anant 's daughter . She hates Ahana and creates trouble between Anant and Ahana . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kriish Wawa </Td> <Td> Aarav Mathur </Td> <Td> Anant 's son </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bidisha Ghosh Sharma </Td> <Td> Yamini </Td> <Td> Roshni and Aarav 's nanny and Massi . She loves Anant secretly . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Naveen Pandita </Td> <Td> Karan </Td> <Td> Driver at Anant 's house . He was orphaned at the age of six so when Anant found him , he brought him home and raised him along with Roshni . He is in love with Roshni and would go to any length to keep her happy . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Geet Sharma </Td> <Td> Kavita </Td> <Td> Servant at Anant 's house Hiralal and Uma 's daughter . Loves Karan . A greedy girl who hates Roshni </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nakuul Mehta </Td> <Td> Shivaay Singh Oberoi </Td> <Td> Ahana 's Friend . ( Cameo ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surbhi Chandna </Td> <Td> Anika Shivaay Singh Oberoi </Td> <Td> Ahana 's Friend . ( Cameo ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <P> Harish Sagane had composed the original songs and background score for the show . The tracks become an instant hit among viewers . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Track list </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Vocalist </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Jeene Bhi De '' </Td> <Td> Yasser Desai </Td> <Td> 6 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Ae Dil Na Kar Tu Chahate '' </Td> <Td> Soham Naik </Td> <Td> 3 : 33 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara promo : Sanjay Kapoor romances Smriti Kalra and Niki Aneja Walia in this mature love story '' . Bollywoodlife. 11 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` This is what Vikram Bhatt 's TV show with Sanjay Kapoor is all about '' . Bollywood hungama . Retrieved 5 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tum Bin 2 's Aashim Gulati to be seen on Vikram Bhatt 's bold TV show , Ishq Gunaah '' . Bollywoodlife. 5 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` SHOCKING ! Star Plus show Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara is going OFF - AIR ! '' . ABP Live . 23 January 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara Written Updates , Latest News '' . dilsambhaljazara.com . Retrieved 25 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sanjay Kapoor 's Busy Birthday Schedule , Courtesy Dil Sambhal Ja Zara '' . ndtv.com . Retrieved 23 October 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara Streaming on Hotstar </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Current broadcasts on Star Plus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Currently broadcast </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Primetime soap opera </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Har Shaakh Pe Ullu Baithaa Hai </Li> <Li> Ikyawann </Li> <Li> Ishqbaaaz </Li> <Li> Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala </Li> <Li> Naamkarann </Li> <Li> Tu Sooraj , Main Saanjh Piyaji </Li> <Li> Yeh Hai Mohabbatein </Li> <Li> Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weekend </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Khichdi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dil_Sambhal_Jaa_Zara&oldid=837123872 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Hindi - language television programs </Li> <Li> Indian drama television series </Li> <Li> Television shows set in Mumbai </Li> <Li> Star Plus television series </Li> <Li> 2017 Indian television series debuts </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use Indian English from October 2017 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from October 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 18 April 2018 , at 21 : 26 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The real name of Ahana from the TV show "Dil Sambhal Ja Zara" is

Ahana from dil sambhal ja zara real name?

-7267574651947029426

Somatic cell nuclear transfer - wikipedia <H1> Somatic cell nuclear transfer </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Somatic cell nuclear transfer can create clones for both reproductive and therapeutic purposes . The diagram depicts the removal of the donor nucleus for schematic purposes ; in practice the whole donor cell is transferred . <P> In genetics and developmental biology , somatic cell nuclear transfer ( SCNT ) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell . The technique consists of taking an enucleated oocyte ( egg cell ) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic ( body ) cell . It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning . Dolly the Sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal . `` Therapeutic cloning '' refers to the potential use of SCNT in regenerative medicine ; this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells ( ESC ) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use , though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Process </Li> <Li> 2 Applications <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Stem cell research </Li> <Li> 2.2 Reproductive cloning </Li> <Li> 2.3 Interspecies nuclear transfer </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Limitations </Li> <Li> 4 Controversy </Li> <Li> 5 Policies regarding human SCNT </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Process ( edit ) </H2> <P> The process of somatic cell nuclear transplant involves two different cells . The first being a female gamete , known as the ovum ( egg / oocyte ) . In human SCNT ( Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ) experiments , these eggs are obtained through consenting donors , utilizing ovarian stimulation . The second being a somatic cell , referring to the cells of the human body . Skin cells , fat cells , and liver cells are only a few examples . The nucleus of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded , leaving it ' deprogrammed . ' What is left is a somatic cell and an unnucleated egg cell . These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the ' empty ' ovum . After being inserted into the egg , the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell . The ovum , now containing the somatic cell 's nucleus , is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide . The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all the necessary genetic information from just one parent . Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions , this single cell forms a blastocyst ( an early stage embryo with about 100 cells ) with an identical genome to the original organism ( i.e. a clone ) . Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term . </P> <H2> Applications ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Stem cell research ( edit ) </H3> <P> Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research . The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo . These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. This gives them the ability to create patient specific pluripotent cells , which could then be used in therapies or disease research . </P> <P> Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells of an embryo . These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism . This ability allows stem cells to create any cell type , which could then be transplanted to replace damaged or destroyed cells . Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos . Leading scientists to seek an alternative method of obtaining stem cells , SCNT is one such method . </P> Human Embryonic Stem cell colony on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layer . <P> A potential use of stem cells genetically matched to a patient would be to create cell lines that have genes linked to a patient 's particular disease . By doing so , an in vitro model could be created , would be useful for studying that particular disease , potentially discovering its pathophysiology , and discovering therapies . For example , if a person with Parkinson 's disease donated his or her somatic cells , the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson 's disease . The disease specific stem cell lines could then be studied in order to better understand the condition . </P> <P> Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient . The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor , thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection . </P> <P> Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research . In the United States , scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute , the University of California San Francisco , the Oregon Health & Science University , Stemagen ( La Jolla , CA ) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells . In the United Kingdom , the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has granted permission to research groups at the Roslin Institute and the Newcastle Centre for Life . SCNT may also be occurring in China . </P> <P> In 2005 , a South Korean research team led by Professor Hwang Woo - suk , published claims to have derived stem cell lines via SCNT , but supported those claims with fabricated data . Recent evidence has proved that he in fact created a stem cell line from a parthenote . </P> <P> Though there has been numerous successes with cloning animals , questions remain concerning the mechanisms of reprogramming in the ovum . Despite many attempts , success in creating human nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells has been limited . There lies a problem in the human cell 's ability to form a blastocyst ; the cells fail to progress past the eight cell stage of development . This is thought to be a result from the somatic cell nucleus being unable to turn on embryonic genes crucial for proper development . These earlier experiments used procedures developed in non-primate animals with little success . A research group from the Oregon Health & Science University demonstrated SCNT procedures developed for primates successfully reprogrammed skin cells into stem cells . The key to their success was utilizing oocytes in metaphase II ( MII ) of the cell cycle . Egg cells in MII contain special factors in the cytoplasm that have a special ability in reprogramming implanted somatic cell nuclei into cells with pluripotent states . When the ovum 's nucleus is removed , the cell loses its genetic information . This has been blamed for why enucleated eggs are hampered in their reprogramming ability . It is theorized the critical embryonic genes are physically linked to oocyte chromosomes , enucleation negatively affects these factors . Another possibility is removing the egg nucleus or inserting the somatic nucleus causes damage to the cytoplast , affecting reprogramming ability . Taking this into account the research group applied their new technique in an attempt to produce human SCNT stem cells . In May 2013 , the Oregon group reported the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines derived through SCNT , using fetal and infant donor cells . Using MII oocytes from volunteers and their improved SCNT procedure , human clone embryos were successfully produced . These embryos were of poor quality , lacking a substantial inner cell mass and poorly constructed trophectoderm . The imperfect embryos prevented the acquisition of human ESC . The addition of caffeine during the removal of the ovum 's nucleus and injection of the somatic nucleus improved blastocyst formation and ESC isolation . The ESC obtain were found to be capable of producing teratomas , expressed pluripotent transcription factors , and expressed a normal 46XX karyotype , indicating these SCNT were in fact ESC - like . This was the first instance of successfully using SCNT to reprogram human somatic cells . This study used fetal and infantile somatic cells to produce their ESC . </P> <P> In April 2014 , an international research team expanded on this break through . There remained the question of whether the same success could be accomplished using adult somatic cells . Epigenetic and age related changes were thought to possibly hinder an adult somatic cells ability to be reprogrammed . Implementing the procedure pioneered by the Oregon research group they indeed were able to grow stem cells generated by SCNT using adult cells from two donors , aged 35 and 75. Indicating age does not impede a cells ability to be reprogrammed </P> <P> Late April 2014 , the New York Stem Cell Foundation was successful in creating SCNT stem cells derived from adult somatic cells . One of these lines of stem cells was derived from the donor cells of a type 1 diabetic . The group was then able to successfully culture these stem cells and induce differentiation . When injected into mice , cells of all three of the germ layers successfully formed . The most significant of these cells , were those who expressed insulin and were capable of secreting the hormone . These insulin producing cells could be used for replacement therapy in diabetics , demonstrating real SCNT stem cell therapeutic potential . </P> <P> The impetus for SCNT - based stem cell research has been decreased by the development and improvement of alternative methods of generating stem cells . Methods to reprogram normal body cells into pluripotent stem cells were developed in humans in 2007 . The following year , this method achieved a key goal of SCNT - based stem cell research : the derivation of pluripotent stem cell lines that have all genes linked to various diseases . Some scientists working on SCNT - based stem cell research have recently moved to the new methods of induced pluripotent stem cells . Though recent studies have put in question how similar iPS cells are to embryonic stem cells . Epigenetic memory in iPS affects the cell lineage it can differentiate into . For instance , an iPS cell derived from a blood cell will be more efficient at differentiating into blood cells , while it will be less efficient at creating a neuron . This raises the question of how well iPS cells can mimic the gold standard ESC in experiments , as stem cells are defined as having the ability to differentiate into any cell type . SCNT stem cells do not pose such a problem and continue to remain relevant in stem cell studies . </P> <H3> Reproductive cloning ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cloning BTX ECM 2001 Electrofusion generator used for SCNT and Cloning applications <P> This technique is currently the basis for cloning animals ( such as the famous Dolly the sheep ) , and has been theoretically proposed as a possible way to clone humans . Using SCNT in reproductive cloning has proven difficult with limited success . High fetal and neonatal death make the process very inefficient . Resulting cloned offspring are also plagued with development and imprinting disorders in non-human species . For these reasons , along with moral and ethical objections , reproductive cloning in humans is proscribed in more than 30 countries . Most researchers

To transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell, a scientist would use

To transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell a scientist would use?

-1163524811252371834

Staci Keanan - wikipedia <H1> Staci Keanan </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Staci Keanan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Anastasia Love Sagorsky ( 1975 - 06 - 06 ) June 6 , 1975 ( age 42 ) Devon , Pennsylvania , US </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stacy Keanan </Li> <Li> Staci Love </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> UCLA Southwestern Law School </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress ( 1987 -- 2012 ) Attorney ( 2013 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1987 -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Guy Birtwhistle ( m . 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Staci Keanan ( born Anastasia Love Sagorsky on June 6 , 1975 ) is a former American actress and attorney . Keanan is best known for her roles in the television series My Two Dads ( 1987 -- 1990 ) and Step by Step ( 1991 -- 1998 ) . She has also been credited as Stacy Keenan and Staci Love . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Acting </Li> <Li> 2.2 Law </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography </Li> <Li> 5 Theatre </Li> <Li> 6 Awards </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Keanan was born in Devon , Pennsylvania ( near Philadelphia ) , the daughter of Jacqueline ( née Love ) and Irv Sagorsky , a car salesman . She has a sister , Pilar . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Acting ( edit ) </H3> <P> At age five , she began modeling and appeared in print , radio , and television advertisements , including the voice of My Little Pony and television commercials for Burger King and Hershey 's Kisses . As a youth , Keanan moved with her mother and sister to New York City , where she changed her name to `` Staci Love '' and began appearing in summer stock . She made her credited television debut in the 1987 miniseries I 'll Take Manhattan . </P> <P> At the age of 12 , shortly after she moved with her family to Los Angeles , California , she was cast as Nicole Bradford in the TV series My Two Dads . The series ran from 1987 to 1990 . During the 1990 - 91 season , she co-starred in the short - lived series Going Places with Alan Ruck , Heather Locklear , and Hallie Todd . The following year , Keanan was cast as Dana Foster in the TV series Step by Step which aired from 1991 to 1998 . By 1997 Keanan had changed her name from Staci to Stacy . </P> <P> Keanan had roles in the short Stolen Poem ( 2004 ) and the films Hidden Secrets ( 2006 ) , and Death and Cremation ( 2010 ) with Brad Dourif , Jeremy Sumpter , and Daniel Baldwin . In 2009 Keanan appeared in Holyman Undercover , starring David A.R. White , and in 2010 she appeared in a cameo in You Again with Step By Step castmates Christine Lakin and Patrick Duffy . She also co-starred in the film Sarah 's Choice . </P> <H3> Law ( edit ) </H3> <P> Keanan received her ungraduate degree from UCLA . She then attended Southwestern Law School and was admitted to the State Bar of California in 2013 . She currently practices law under her given name , Anastasia Sagorsky , in the Los Angeles area . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> On February 11 , 2017 , Keanan married actor / producer Guy Birtwhistle . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Film roles <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Lisa </Td> <Td> Lisa </Td> <Td> Alternative title : Candlelight Killer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Skooled </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Ski Hard </Td> <Td> Annie Meyers </Td> <Td> Alternative titles : Downhill Willie , Ski Nuts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> The Red Coat </Td> <Td> Mary </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Nowhere </Td> <Td> Ever </Td> <Td> Credited as Stacy Keanan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stolen Poem </Td> <Td> Jamie </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Hidden Secrets </Td> <Td> Rachel Wilson </Td> <Td> Credited as Stacy Keanan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Sarah 's Choice </Td> <Td> Denise </Td> <Td> Credited as Stacy Keanan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Holyman Undercover </Td> <Td> Carmen </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> You Again </Td> <Td> Dana </Td> <Td> Credited as Stacy Keanan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Death and Cremation </Td> <Td> Becky Weaver </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Television roles <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> How To Be A Man </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Television special ; uncredited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Many Happy Returns </Td> <Td> Uncredited </Td> <Td> Television short produced for PBS ; uncredited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> I 'll Take Manhattan </Td> <Td> Angelica Cipriani </Td> <Td> Television miniseries ; credited as Staci Love </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1987 -- 1990 </Td> <Td> My Two Dads </Td> <Td> Nicole Bradford </Td> <Td> Lead role ; 60 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Casey 's Gift : For Love of a Child </Td> <Td> Kathy Stilwell </Td> <Td> Television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 -- 1991 </Td> <Td> Going Places </Td> <Td> Lindsay Bowen </Td> <Td> Main role ; 22 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 -- 1998 </Td> <Td> Step by Step </Td> <Td> Dana Foster </Td> <Td> Main role ; 159 episodes ; credited as Stacy Keanan for Season 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Boy Meets World </Td> <Td> Dana </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Happiest Show on Earth '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman </Td> <Td> Becky Samms </Td> <Td> Episode : `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' ; credited as Stacy Keanan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Cybill </Td> <Td> Lacy </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Fine Is Not a Feeling '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Diagnosis : Murder </Td> <Td> Cindy Garrett </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Till Death Do Us Part '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Theatre ( edit ) </H2> <P> As a child musical theatre performer : </P> <Ul> <Li> Miss Lulu Bett , Berkshire Theater Festival , Stockbridge , Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Annie , Theatre at Stagedoor Manor , Loch Sheldrake , New York </Li> <Li> Georgia Avenue , Goodspeed Opera House , East Haddam , Connecticut </Li> <Li> The King and I , Norma Terris Theatre , Chester , Connecticut </Li> <Li> Gypsy , Norma Terris Theatre , Chester , Connecticut </Li> </Ul> <P> As an adult stage performer : </P> <Ul> <Li> Old Glories , two one - act plays by Elliot Shoenman , directed by Mark L. Taylor , Zephyr Theatre , Hollywood , California <Ul> <Li> Above the Fold ( Diane ) , Zephyr Theatre , Hollywood , California </Li> <Li> Red Flags ( Janet ) , Zephyr Theatre , Hollywood , California </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Moment in the Sun ( Diane Bellini ) , by Elliot Shoenman , Matrix Theatre , Hollywood , California </Li> <Li> Last Call at Moby Dick 's ( Caroline ) , by Ed Marill , directed by Mark L. Taylor , McCadden Place Theatre , Hollywood , California </Li> <Li> Sunset Park ( Young Evelyn ) second run , by Marley Sims and Elliot Shoenman , directed by Mark L. Taylor , Zephyr Theatre , Hollywood , California </Li> </Ul> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Work </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Refs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Young Artist Award </Td> <Td> Best Young Actress Starring in a New Television Comedy Series </Td> <Td> My Two Dads </Td> <Td> Won </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Staci Keanan Biography ( 1975 - ) '' . Filmreference.com . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 07 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The State Bar of California : Attorney Search '' . calbar.ca.gov . The State Bar of California . Retrieved January 1 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kim , Jae - Ha . `` Actress likes having ' 2 Dads ' '' , Chicago Sun - Times , November 17 , 1989 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Obituary for Jacqueline Love Sagorsky , Philadelphia Inquirer , July 30 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Blessing , Angela ; Holmstrom , Rick ( November 23 , 1987 ) . `` For Staci Keanan of TV 's My Two Dads , Hollywood Can Be a Two - Faced Town '' . People . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Podcast : ' Keanan , Stacy . Interview with Brian Castro . ' from ( 4 : 24 `` ) , IMDB listing misspelled . WTF ? the Podcast . FX Show , Orlando . January 2008 . Retrieved on 2010 - 10 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' My Two Dads ' Star Staci Keanan : Where Is She Now ? '' . Extra . Extra ( TV program ) . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Film clip : ' FILM `` NOWHERE '' CAST ( 1997 ) ' onscreen credits ( 1.43 `` - 1.47 '' ) as `` Stacy Keanan '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nowhere ( 1997 ) Cast and Crew at FLF.com ( circa 1997 via Wayback Machine . ) Retrieved 2010 - 11 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sarah 's Choice DVD cover DVD cover image Wikipedia.org . Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ You Again production credits New York Times Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 22 . Archived November 3 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Staci Keanan on IMDb </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staci_Keanan&oldid=818059167 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1975 births </Li> <Li> 20th - century American actresses </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> <Li> 21st - century American lawyers </Li> <Li> Actresses from Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> American child actresses </Li> <Li> American child models </Li> <Li> American film actresses </Li> <Li> American musical theatre actresses </Li> <Li> American stage actresses </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> American women lawyers </Li> <Li> California lawyers </Li> <Li> Female models from Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> People from Chester County , Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Southwestern Law School alumni </Li> <Li> University of California , Los Angeles alumni </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from December 2017 </Li> <Li> Articles with permanently dead external links </Li> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> <Li> Use mdy dates from January 2018 </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The role of the girl in the TV show "My Two Dads" was played by

Who played the girl in my two dads?

-8152430794227425375

4.46 billion km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Semi-major axis </Th> <Td> 30.110387 AU ( 4.50 billion km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eccentricity </Th> <Td> 6997945600000000000 ♠ 0.009 456 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Orbital period </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 164.8 yr </Li> <Li> 60,182 days </Li> <Li> 89,666 Neptunian solar days </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Synodic period </Th> <Td> 367.49 days </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average orbital speed </Th> <Td> 7003543000000000000 ♠ 5.43 km / s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean anomaly </Th> <Td> 7000447202223580004 ♠ 256.228 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inclination </Th> <Td> 6998308569848429468 ♠ 1.767 975 ° to ecliptic 6.43 ° to Sun 's equator 0.72 ° to invariable plane </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Longitude of ascending node </Th> <Td> 7000230006470144821 ♠ 131.784 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Argument of perihelion </Th> <Td> 7000482297304179106 ♠ 276.336 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known satellites </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Physical characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean radius </Th> <Td> 7007246220000000000 ♠ 24,622 ± 19 km </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equatorial radius </Th> <Td> 7007247640000000000 ♠ 24,764 ± 15 km 3.883 Earths </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Polar radius </Th> <Td> 7007243410000000000 ♠ 24,341 ± 30 km 3.829 Earths </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Flattening </Th> <Td> 6998171000000000000 ♠ 0.0171 ± 0.0013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface area </Th> <Td> 7015761830000000000 ♠ 7.6183 × 10 km 14.98 Earths </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Volume </Th> <Td> 7022625399999999999 ♠ 6.254 × 10 km 57.74 Earths </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mass </Th> <Td> 7026102430000000000 ♠ 1.0243 × 10 kg 17.147 Earths 5.15 × 10 Suns </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean density </Th> <Td> 7003163800000000000 ♠ 1.638 g / cm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface gravity </Th> <Td> 11.15 m / s 1.14 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Moment of inertia factor </Th> <Td> 6999230000000000000 ♠ 0.23 ( estimate ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Escape velocity </Th> <Td> 23.5 km / s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sidereal rotation period </Th> <Td> 0.6713 day 16 h 6 min 36 s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equatorial rotation velocity </Th> <Td> 2.68 km / s ( 9,650 km / h ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Axial tilt </Th> <Td> 28.32 ° ( to orbit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> North pole right ascension </Th> <Td> 19 57 20 299.3 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> North pole declination </Th> <Td> 42.950 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albedo </Th> <Td> 0.290 ( bond ) 0.41 ( geom . ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Surface temp . </Th> <Th> min </Th> <Th> mean </Th> <Th> max </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1 bar level </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 72 K ( − 201 ° C ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 0.1 bar ( 10 kPa ) </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 55 K ( − 218 ° C ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Apparent magnitude </Th> <Td> 8.02 to 7.78 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Angular diameter </Th> <Td> 2.2 -- 2.4 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Atmosphere </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scale height </Th> <Td> 7004197000000000000 ♠ 19.7 ± 0.6 km </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composition by volume </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gases : </Li> <Li> 6999800000000000000 ♠ 80 % ± 3.2 % hydrogen ( H 2 ) </Li> <Li> 6999190000000000000 ♠ 19 % ± 3.2 % helium ( He ) </Li> <Li> 6998150000000000000 ♠ 1.5 % ± 0.5 % methane ( CH 4 ) </Li> <Li> ~ 0.019 % hydrogen deuteride ( HD ) </Li> <Li> ~ 0.00015 % ethane ( C 6 ) </Li> <Li> Ices : </Li> <Li> ammonia ( NH 3 ) </Li> <Li> water ( H 2O ) </Li> <Li> ammonium hydrosulfide ( NH 4SH ) </Li> <Li> methane ice ( ? ) ( CH 4 5.75 H O ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System . In the Solar System , it is the fourth - largest planet by diameter , the third-most - massive planet , and the densest giant planet . Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near - twin Uranus , which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune . Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 AU ( 4.5 billion km ) . It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol ♆ , a stylised version of the god Neptune 's trident . </P> <P> Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation . Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet . Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier . Its largest moon , Triton , was discovered shortly thereafter , though none of the planet 's remaining known 13 moons were located telescopically until the 20th century . The planet 's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size , making it challenging to study with Earth - based telescopes . Neptune was visited by Voyager 2 , when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989 . The advent of the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground - based telescopes with adaptive optics has recently allowed for additional detailed observations from afar . </P> <P> Like Jupiter and Saturn , Neptune 's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium , along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen , but it contains a higher proportion of `` ices '' such as water , ammonia , and methane . However , its interior , like that of Uranus , is primarily composed of ices and rock , which is why Uranus and Neptune are normally considered `` ice giants '' to emphasise this distinction . Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet 's blue appearance . </P> <P> In contrast to the hazy , relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus , Neptune 's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns . For example , at the time of the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989 , the planet 's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter . These weather patterns are driven by the strongest sustained winds of any planet in the Solar System , with recorded wind speeds as high as 2,100 kilometres per hour ( 580 m / s ; 1,300 mph ) . Because of its great distance from the Sun , Neptune 's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System , with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K ( − 218 ° C ; − 361 ° F ) . Temperatures at the planet 's centre are approximately 5,400 K ( 5,100 ° C ; 9,300 ° F ) . Neptune has a faint and fragmented ring system ( labelled `` arcs '' ) , which was discovered in 1982 , then later confirmed by Voyager 2 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Discovery </Li> <Li> 1.2 Naming </Li> <Li> 1.3 Status </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Physical characteristics <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Internal structure </Li> <Li> 2.2 Atmosphere </Li> <Li> 2.3 Magnetosphere </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Climate <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Storms </Li> <Li> 3.2 Internal heating </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Orbit and rotation <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Orbital resonances </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Formation and migration </Li> <Li> 6 Moons <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Planetary rings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Observation </Li> <Li> 8 Exploration </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> <H3> Discovery </H3> Main article : Discovery of Neptune <P> Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope , Galileo 's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613 contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune . On both occasions , Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close -- in conjunction -- to Jupiter in the night sky ; hence , he is not credited with Neptune 's discovery . At his first observation in December 1612 , Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day . This apparent backward motion is created when Earth 's orbit takes it past an outer planet . Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle , the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo 's small telescope . In July 2009 , University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was at least aware that the `` star '' he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars . </P> <P> In 1821 , Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune 's neighbour Uranus . Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables , leading Bouvard to hypothesise that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction . In 1843 , John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had . Via Cambridge Observatory director James Challis , he requested extra data from Sir George Airy , the Astronomer Royal , who supplied it in February 1844 . Adams continued to work in 1845 -- 46 and produced several different estimates of a new planet . </P> Urbain Le Verrier <P> In 1845 -- 46 , Urbain Le Verrier , independently of Adams , developed his own calculations but aroused no enthusiasm in his compatriots . In June 1846 , upon seeing Le Verrier 's first published estimate of the planet 's longitude and its similarity to Adams 's estimate , Airy persuaded Challis to search for the planet . Challis vainly scoured the sky throughout August and September . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory 's refractor . Heinrich d'Arrest , a student at the observatory , suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier 's predicted location with the current sky to seek the displacement characteristic of a planet , as opposed to a fixed star . On the evening of 23 September 1846 , the day Galle received the letter , he discovered Neptune within 1 ° of where Le Verrier had predicted it to be , about 12 ° from Adams ' prediction . Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice , on 4 and 12 August , but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up - to - date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations . </P> <P> In the wake of the discovery , there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery . Eventually , an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit . Since 1966 , Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams 's claim to co-discovery , and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the `` Neptune papers '' ( historical documents ) to the Royal Observatory , Greenwich . After reviewing the documents , they suggest that `` Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune . That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet 's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it

Neptune is known as an ice

What type of planet is neptune known as?

-5738106146117683016

Love & Hip Hop : New York - wikipedia <H1> Love & Hip Hop : New York </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the upcoming season , see Love & Hip Hop : New York ( season 8 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Love & Hip Hop : New York </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Reality television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> David Wolfgang Josh Richards </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chrissy Lampkin </Li> <Li> Emily Bustamante </Li> <Li> Olivia Longott </Li> <Li> Somaya Reece </Li> <Li> Kimbella Vanderhee </Li> <Li> Yandy Smith - Harris </Li> <Li> Erica Mena </Li> <Li> Jen the Pen </Li> <Li> Raqi Thunda </Li> <Li> Winter Ramos </Li> <Li> Rashidah Ali </Li> <Li> Tahiry Jose </Li> <Li> Tara Wallace </Li> <Li> Erica Jean </Li> <Li> Amina Buddafly </Li> <Li> K. Michelle </Li> <Li> Cyn Santana </Li> <Li> Chrissy Monroe </Li> <Li> Cardi B </Li> <Li> Moe Money & Sexxy Lexxy </Li> <Li> Mariahlynn </Li> <Li> Remy Ma </Li> <Li> Bianca Bonnie </Li> <Li> Felicia `` Snoop '' Pearson </Li> <Li> Juju C . </Li> <Li> Anaís </Li> <Li> Lil ' Mo </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` This Is The Life '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Lofey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 95 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mona Scott - Young </Li> <Li> Stefan Springman </Li> <Li> Stephanie Gayle </Li> <Li> David DiGangi </Li> <Li> Vivian Gomez </Li> <Li> Nina L. Diaz </Li> <Li> Josh Richards </Li> <Li> Toby Barraud </Li> <Li> Mala Chapple </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Vivian Gomez </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20 to 23 minutes ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> 42 to 44 minutes ( 2011 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Monami Entertainment Eastern TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( SDTV ) 1080i ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> March 6 , 2011 ( 2011 - 03 - 06 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Love & Hip Hop : Atlanta </Li> <Li> Love & Hip Hop : Hollywood </Li> <Li> Love & Hip Hop : Miami </Li> <Li> Chrissy & Mr. Jones </Li> <Li> K. Michelle : My Life </Li> <Li> Stevie J & Joseline : Go Hollywood </Li> <Li> Leave It To Stevie </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.vh1.com/shows/love_and_hip_hop/ </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Love & Hip Hop : New York ( also known as Love & Hip Hop ) is the original installment of the Love & Hip Hop reality television franchise on VH1 . The series premiered on March 6 , 2011 , and chronicles the lives of several people in New York City ( and nearby areas , including New Jersey , and Yonkers ) , involved with hip hop music . Its success has produced the spin - offs Love & Hip Hop : Atlanta , Chrissy & Mr. Jones , Love & Hip Hop : Hollywood , K. Michelle : My Life , Stevie J & Joseline : Go Hollywood , Leave It To Stevie and Love & Hip Hop : Miami . On October 2 , 2017 , VH1 announced the show 's return for an eighth season , which will premiere on October 30 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cast <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Main <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Current </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Former </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Supporting <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Current </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Former </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Series overview </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Season 1 ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 2 ( 2011 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 3 ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> 3.4 Season 4 ( 2013 -- 14 ) </Li> <Li> 3.5 Season 5 ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> 3.6 Season 6 ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> <Li> 3.7 Season 7 ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Li> <Li> 3.8 Season 8 ( 2017 -- 18 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Cast member </Th> <Th colspan="8"> Seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> <Th> 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chrissy Lampkin </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emily Bustamante </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Olivia Longott </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td> Supporting </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Somaya Reece </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kimbella Vanderhee </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yandy Smith - Harris </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Erica Mena </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Supporting </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jen the Pen </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Raqi Thunda </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Winter Ramos </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rashidah Ali </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Supporting </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tahiry Jose </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tara Wallace </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> <Td> Supporting </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Erica Jean </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amina Buddafly </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> <Td> Supporting </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> K. Michelle </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Main </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cyn Santana </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Supporting </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chrissy Monroe </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Main </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cardi B </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moe Money & Sexxy Lexxy </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariahlynn </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Remy Ma </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bianca Bonnie </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Supporting </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Felicia `` Snoop '' Pearson </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Juju C . </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Supporting </Td> <Td> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anaís </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lil ' Mo </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> Main </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note : </P> <Ol> <Li> ^ Appears in the Dirty Little Secrets special only . </Li> <Li> ^ Appears in the Love & Hip Hop Live : The Wedding special only . </Li> <Li> ^ Appears in an uncredited cameo only . </Li> </Ol> Current ( edit ) The cast of the eighth season , from left to right : Juju , Mariahlynn , Yandy , Bianca , Remy , Lil ' Mo , Anaís and Snoop . <Ul> <Li> Yandy Smith - Harris ( Season 2 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> A entertainment manager and entrepreneur . Smith , full name Yandielle Unique Smith , is the wife of Mendeecees Harris , who she marries live on VH1 in the special Love & Hip Hop Live : The Wedding . She is the mother of Omere and Skylar , and the stepmother of Lil Mendeecees and Aasim ( from her husband 's previous relationships ) . The second season documents her dramatic falling out with rapper Jim Jones , who she managed for seven years . Subsequent seasons focus on her family struggles , including Mendeecees ' legal dramas and her difficulties co-parenting with his baby mamas Samantha and Erika . In the seventh season , she reveals that her wedding ceremony was `` symbolic '' and she and Mendeeces have never been legally married . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Mariahlynn ( Season 6 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> An aspiring rapper . Mariahlynn , full name Mariahlynn Jacoby - Araujo , was born and raised in Jersey City and endured a rough childhood within the foster case system . She is of Puerto Rican and Italian ethnicity . The series chronicles her love life , including her flings with Cisco Rosado , Rich Dollaz and James R. , along with her struggles with her mother , who suffers from substance abuse issues . She reveals her bisexuality at the seventh season reunion . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Remy Ma ( Season 6 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> A Grammy Award - nominated rapper . Ma , real name Reminisce Smith Mackie , is the wife of Papoose , who she married in 2008 while incarcerated . They renew their vows in an official ceremony in the sixth season 's finale . She has a son , Jace , from a previous relationship . The series chronicles her return to the music industry after a six - year stint in jail . The seventh and eighth seasons focus on her struggles to have another child . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Bianca Bonnie ( Season 7 -- present ) ( supporting cast member in season 6 ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> An aspiring rapper under Yandy 's management . Bonnie , birth name Bianca Dupree and also known as Young B , Bonnie Banks and BiBi , was born and raised in Harlem . She is best known for the hit single `` Chicken Noodle Soup '' , which was released when she was just 15 years old . The series documents her return to the music industry after some personal struggles , along with her rivalries within the music scene , including BBOD and Brittney Taylor . She pursues a romance with DJ Drewski in season seven , igniting a feud with his girlfriend Sky . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Felicia `` Snoop '' Pearson ( Season 7 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> An actress , rapper and aspiring manager , best known for her role in TV series The Wire . Pearson was born a crack baby in Baltimore , Maryland and before discovering acting , endured a rough life in the foster care system , including working as a drug dealer and being convicted of second - degree murder by the age of 15 . She is openly lesbian . The series chronicles her attempts to kickstart her management career and building her label Gorgeous Gangster Records . The seventh season focus her romantic struggles with girlfriend J. Adrienne . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Juju C. ( Season 8 -- present ) ( supporting cast member in season 7 ) ( cameo appearance in season 6 ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> The fiancé of Cam'ron . Juju , full name Juliet Casteneda , is an aspiring author and entrepreneur . She acts as a friend and confidante to Kimbella , Yandy and Remy in the seventh and eighth seasons . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Anaís ( Season 8 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> A singer . Anaís , full name Anaís Martínez , rose to fame after winning the Puerto - Rican singing competition show Objetivo Fama . She moved from the Dominican Republic to

Love and Hip Hop New York returns on

When do love and hip hop new york come back on?

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Vasoepididymostomy - wikipedia <H1> Vasoepididymostomy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Vasoepididymostomy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ICD - 9 - CM </Th> <Td> 63.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Vasoepididymostomy or epididymovasostomy is a surgery by which vasectomies are reversed . It involves connection of the severed vas deferens to the epididymis and is more technically demanding than the vasovasostomy . </P> <P> For a vasectomy reversal that involves a vasoepididymostomy , there are two microsurgical approaches . The procedure involves a similar surgical incision as vasovasostomy ; however , unlike with a vasovasostomy , the testis is usually delivered into the field for this more complex microsurgery . After the findings from the vasal fluid are reviewed showing epididymal obstruction , the epididymis is exposed by opening the outer testis covering ( tunica vaginalis ) . The epididymis is inspected and an individual tubule is selected to enter and connect to the vas deferens . From this point on , one of two epididymovasostomy techniques is taken . In the mucosa - to - mucosa , end to side method , an opened epididymal tubule is connected to the cut end of the vas deferens with 4 to 6 small ( 10 - 0 ) simple sutures placed around the circumference of each . This `` inner '' layer is supported with an `` outer '' layer of radially placed 9 - 0 sutures to strengthen the connection . Recently , an `` invagination '' vasoepididymostomy was described as an alternative to the mucosa - to - mucosa method . With this technique , one , two or three `` vest '' sutures of 10 - 0 suture should be placed near the opening of the epididymal tubule to allow the epididymal tubule to `` invaginate '' into the vas deferens , theoretically creating a connection , that , based on studies in animal models , has an improved watertight seal and possibly a higher chance for success . Once the vas - deferens - epididymis connection is completed , the covering around the testis is replaced . </P> <P> Vasoepididymostomy is often considered one of the most technically challenging operations in the field of urology . The procedure requires anastomosis of a single epididymal tubule ( luminal diameter . 15 -. 25 mm ) to the lumen of the vas deferens ( diameter . 3 -. 4 mm ) , and is reserved for patients with congenital or acquired epididymal obstruction , or patients who have failed previous attempts at surgical reconstruction of the vas deferens . This surgery attaches the vas deferens directly to the epididymis , the coiled tube on the back of each testicle where sperm matures . A vasectomy can cause blockages or a break in the vas deferens or the epididymis . This surgery is used when a vasovasostomy wo n't work because sperm flow is blocked . The vas deferens is connected to the epididymis above the point of blockage . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomas AJ Jr . Vasoepididymostomy . Urol Clin North Am. 14 : 527 , 1987 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Berger RE . Triangulation end - to - side vasoepididymostomy . J. Urol. 159 : 1951 , 1998 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Male genital surgical and other procedures : reproductive system ( ICD - 9 - CM V3 60 -- 64 , ICD - 10 - PCS 0V ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Internal </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Prostate </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Transurethral incision of the prostate </Li> <Li> Prostate biopsy <Ul> <Li> Transrectal biopsy </Li> <Li> Transurethral biopsy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Prostatectomy <Ul> <Li> Transurethral resection of the prostate </Li> <Li> Radical retropubic prostatectomy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Transurethral microwave thermotherapy </Li> <Li> Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate </Li> <Li> Brachytherapy <Ul> <Li> Prostate brachytherapy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Prostate massage </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> seminal vesicles : </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Spermatocelectomy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vas deferens </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Vasectomy </Li> <Li> Vasectomy reversal <Ul> <Li> Vasovasostomy </Li> <Li> Vasoepididymostomy </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Testes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Orchiectomy <Ul> <Li> Castration </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Orchiopexy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> External </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Penis </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Circumcision </Li> <Li> Penectomy </Li> <Li> Penile prosthesis </Li> <Li> Preputioplasty </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Penile plethysmograph </Li> <Li> Postage stamp test </Li> <Li> Frenuloplasty of prepuce of penis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tests </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Semen analysis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Medical imaging </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Transscrotal ultrasound </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasoepididymostomy&oldid=705757281 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Urologic surgery </Li> <Li> Male genital surgery </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 19 February 2016 , at 11 : 17 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The anastomosis between the epididymis and the vas deferens is called a

Anastomosis between the epididymis and the vas deferens?

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in half , he discovers that they are powered by his own energy . He heeds Master Roshi 's training and calms himself down , which weakens the illusions . As a final challenge , Fortuneteller Baba summons an illusion of Super Shenron , which immediately ensnares Goku . Krillin quickly arrives and frees him . The two of them use a combined Kamehameha blast to destroy the illusion . The illusions turn into the rare herbs that Master Roshi wanted . Goku and Krillin return to Master Roshi 's house with bags full of the herb . Master Roshi admits that there is actually no secret technique . Krillin , who has regained his confidence , disagrees . Goku and Krillin soon leave . Krillin returns home , where Android 18 shaves his head . This signals Krillin 's decision to pick up his martial arts training once again . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 5 : Universe Survival Saga ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Overall No . </Th> <Th> Saga No . </Th> <Th> English translation Original Japanese title </Th> <Th> Original airdate </Th> <Th> American airdate </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 77 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Let 's Do It , Zen - Oh Sama ! The All - Universe Martial Arts Tournament ! ! '' `` Yarou ze Zenō - sama ! Uchū ichi Budō - kai ! ! '' ( や ろう ぜ 全 王様 ! 宇宙 一 武道 会 ! ! ) </Td> <Td> February 5 , 2017 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The Present Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō are playing a game together in their realm , but both have become bored with their monotonous routine . Meanwhile , Goku heads to a local farmer 's market to sell his produce and get Chi - Chi off his back about making money . On the way home , he is ambushed by some robbers . Goku defeats them , but he is injured in the process . Deciding that he has grown rusty , Goku and Goten decide to train with Whis . They head to the Capsule Corporation building , where Bulma reveals she is pregnant with her and Vegeta 's second child . Goten remains behind to train with Trunks . Vegeta declines to accompany Goku so that he can be with Bulma when she gives birth . Goku heads to Beerus ' planet alone . While training with Whis , Goku remembers Grand Zenō 's intention to hold a multiverse martial arts tournament . Heedless of Beerus and Whis ' warnings , Goku uses Grand Zenō 's button to head to his realm and convinces Present Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō to hold the tournament . When he returns to Beerus ' planet , Beerus angrily berates Goku and explains that Grand Zenō naive and innocent nature combined with his extreme power makes him a danger to the multiverse . Beerus threatens to kill Goku if he steps out of line again . Goku , Beerus , and Whis head to the Sacred World of the Kais , where the Grand Minister arrives . He tells the group to assemble their ten most powerful warriors to compete in the `` Tournament of Power '' ( 力 の 大会 , Chikara no Taikai ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 78 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Gods of Every Universe in Shock ? ! Losers Erased in the Tournament of Power '' `` Zen uchū no kami - sama mo don hiki ! ? Maketara shōmetsu `` Chikara no taikai '' '' ( 全 宇宙 の 神様 も ドン 引き ! ? 負け たら 消滅 「 力 の 大会 」 ) </Td> <Td> February 12 , 2017 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The Grand Minister explains the details of the `` Tournament of Power '' and states that it will be held on `` the World of Void '' . It is a place of `` infinite nothingness '' , where the competitors can fight without limits . The tournament champion will be granted a wish by the Super Dragon Balls , while the losers and their respective universes will be completely erased from existence . Everyone is horrified by this harsh penalty . Goku suggests asking Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō to ignore it , but Whis advises against this . Whis tells Goku that Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō has already made up his mind and attempting to change it could be dangerous . Beerus demands that Goku takes responsibility for asking Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō to hold the tournament in the first place . Goku declares that he will defeat any opponent he faces . The Grand Minister also reveals that Universes 7 and 9 are to have a smaller exhibition tournament for Future Grand Zenō 's benefit . Each universe is to name three fighters . Goku sets off to recruit teammates . After Vegeta refuses , Goku recruits Gohan and Majin Buu , who is accompanied by Mr. Satan to represent Universe 7 . Goku also explains the potential penalty to Gohan . Gohan tells Goku to keep the stakes a secret to prevent mass panic . Back at Grand Zenō 's and Future Grand Zenō 's palace , all the gods from all 12 universes gather . The Grand Minister explains the purpose of the Zen Exhibition Match . He alludes to the possibility of Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō erasing the fighters that he deems unfit for the tournament . In the first round , Majin Buu is to fight Basil ( バジル , Bajiru ) , a humanoid canine fighter from Universe 9 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Universe 9 's Basil the Kicker VS Universe 7 's Majin Buu ! ! '' `` Dai kyu uchū keri no Bajiru basasu Dai nana uchū Majinbū ! ! '' ( 第 9 宇宙 蹴り の バジル VS 第 7 宇宙 魔 人 ブウ ! ! ) </Td> <Td> February 19 , 2017 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Basil quickly gains the upper hand and beats down Majin Buu , who is not taking the fight seriously and thinks of it as a game . Goku goads Basil into showing his full power to get Majin Buu 's attention , which leads to Basil using his ultimate attack . As Roh ( ロウ , Rō ) , the Supreme Kai of Universe 9 , claims victory , Majin Buu emerges with a hole in his stomach , but he is otherwise unmoved . Basil and Roh are shocked to see this . Mr. Satan is injured during the attack . He tells Majin Buu to beat Basil before falling unconscious . This enrages Majin Buu to the point , where he effortlessly beats Basil and knocks him out of the ring . However , since neither Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō is satisfied with the fight , Basil is allowed to get back into the ring . Roh gives Basil a drug that makes him far more powerful . Although Beerus demands that Basil is disqualified for obvious cheating , Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō is entertained by this and allows the fight to continue . The Grand Minister announces that the rules will be improvised as the tournament goes along . Basil overpowers Majin Buu and seemingly beats him , which causes Roh to prematurely gloat about the superiority of Universe 9 . However , Majin Buu emerges unscathed and launches a full power attack at Basil . This knocks him out and clinches Universe 7 the victory . As the Universe 9 team laments Basil 's loss , Basil 's second oldest brother Lavender ( ラベンダ , Rabenda ) says that if he is allowed to kill his opponent , which Bergamo gives him permission to do , he can win his match . Gohan volunteers to fight Lavender . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 80 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Awaken Your Sleeping Battle Spirit ! Son Gohan 's Fight ! ! '' `` Nemutta tōshi o yobisamase ! Son Gohan no tatakai ! ! '' ( 眠っ た 闘志 を 呼び覚ませ ! 孫 悟 飯 の 闘い ! ! ) </Td> <Td> February 26 , 2017 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> As their battle begins , Lavender spits a poison mist into Gohan 's eyes and blinds him . Shin offers Gohan a Senzu bean to cure the poison , but Gohan refuses and says he wants to fight with his strength alone . Unable to see , Gohan uses his other senses to track Lavender and scores several blows . Lavender counters by levitating , which eliminates the sound of his footsteps . Gohan responds by powering up to Super Saiyan and bouncing his own ki off of Lavender 's body , which uses it as a kind of active radar . Powering up also causes the poison to spread rapidly through Gohan 's body . Lavender mounts a comeback . In desperation , Gohan grabs hold of Lavender and launches a kamikaze attack . He drives both of their bodies into the ring at high speed . Lavender is knocked out , but Gohan is so weakened by the poison that he can not continue . With both fighters down , the match is declared a tie . After Goku feeds Gohan a Senzu bean , the Grand Minister announces to those in attendance that all universes that lose the Tournament of Power will be erased with their respective gods as well . However , Universes 1 , 5 , 8 , and 12 will be exempt from erasure as will the Angels from all universes because their inhabitants are particularly strong . Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō had long believed that there were too many universes . He was planning to erase most of them anyway , but the tournament will afford one of the weaker universes the chance to be spared . With the announcement concluded , the ring is repaired in preparation for the final exhibition match where Goku will fight Bergamo ( ベルガモ , Berugamo ) , Basil 's oldest brother who is also a humanoid canine . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Bergamo the Crusher Vs Son Goku ! Which One Wields the Limitless Power ? ! '' `` Tsubushi no Berugamo VS Son Gokū ! Aotenjō no tsuyosa wa dotchida ! ? '' ( 潰し の ベルガモ VS 孫悟空 ! 青 天井 の 強 さ は どっち だ ! ? ) </Td> <Td> March 5 , 2017 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Before their battle begins , Bergamo denounces Goku before the assembled gods . Bergamo pleads with Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō to rescind the rule that the universes that lose the Tournament of Power be erased . Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō agree on the condition that Bergamo beats Goku in an all out battle . Grand Minister states that if Goku holds back to cancel the erasure , Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō will immediately erase all of the universes . Both Goku and Bergamo agree to the terms . When the fight begins , Bergamo invites Goku to hit him and leaves himself exposed . Goku obliges and strikes Bergamo several times , but Bergamo absorbs the energy of Goku 's attacks . He grows stronger and physically larger . Goku continues to attack , which causes Bergamo to grow so large that the ring begins to buckle under his weight . Goku transforms to Super Saiyan Blue , which shocks the gods and quickly overwhelms Bergamo with a Kaioken powered Kamehameha . Bergamo claims every universe participating in the Tournament of Power will seek vengeance on Goku for making them face erasure , but Goku relishes the idea of such a challenge . The Zen Exhibition Match comes to a close and the Tournament of Power will soon begin . The universe with the most fighters remaining or the

The Dragon Ball Super Tournament of Power started on

When did dragon ball super tournament of power start?

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<Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1452 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Is Bliss then , such Abyss </Td> <Td> F18. 04.010 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 1.052 </Td> <Td> 1.135 </Td> <Td> 340 </Td> <Td> 371 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Is Heaven a Physician ? </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 1.021 </Td> <Td> 1.047 </Td> <Td> 1270 </Td> <Td> 1260 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Is Immortality a bane </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 2.630 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1728 </Td> <Td> 1757 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Is it dead -- Find it </Td> <Td> F15. 05.012 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 4.096 </Td> <Td> 6.085 </Td> <Td> 417 </Td> <Td> 434 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Is it too late to touch you , Dear ? </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1637 </Td> <Td> 1674 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Is it true , dear Sue ? </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 218 </Td> <Td> 189 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It always felt to me -- a wrong </Td> <Td> F24. 05.017 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 2.046 </Td> <Td> 6.040 </Td> <Td> 597 </Td> <Td> 521 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It bloomed and dropt , a Single Noon </Td> <Td> S04b. 01.001 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 2.602 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 978 </Td> <Td> 843 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It came at last but prompter Death </Td> <Td> S08b. 05.005 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.330 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1230 </Td> <Td> 1221 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It came his turn to beg </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.317 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1500 </Td> <Td> 1519 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It ca n't be Summer ! </Td> <Td> F11. 06.014 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 3.046 </Td> <Td> 2.046 </Td> <Td> 221 </Td> <Td> 265 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It ceased to hurt me , though so slow </Td> <Td> F14. 06.017 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 6.189 </Td> <Td> 6.171 </Td> <Td> 584 </Td> <Td> 421 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It did not surprise me </Td> <Td> F02. 02.007 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.199 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It do n't sound so terrible -- quite -- as it did </Td> <Td> F19. 02.006 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 2.614 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 426 </Td> <Td> 384 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It dropped so low -- in my Regard </Td> <Td> F37. 04.013 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 1.035 </Td> <Td> 1.118 </Td> <Td> 747 </Td> <Td> 785 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It feels a shame to be Alive </Td> <Td> F24. 07.022 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 4.094 </Td> <Td> 6.083 </Td> <Td> 444 </Td> <Td> 524 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It is a lonesome Glee </Td> <Td> F39. 02.004 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.103 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 774 </Td> <Td> 873 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It is an honorable Thought </Td> <Td> S06a. 02.008 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 4.010 </Td> <Td> 4.092 </Td> <Td> 946 </Td> <Td> 1115 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It is easy to work when the soul is at play </Td> <Td> F11. 05.009 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.476 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 244 </Td> <Td> 242 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It is the Meek that Valor wear </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1252 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It knew no lapse , nor Diminution </Td> <Td> F27. 06.022 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.376 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 560 </Td> <Td> 568 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It knew no Medicine </Td> <Td> F27. 06.021 </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> <Td> 4.122 </Td> <Td> 7.105 </Td> <Td> 559 </Td> <Td> 567 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It makes no difference abroad </Td> <Td> F32. 02.007 </Td> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> 3.020 </Td> <Td> 2.071 </Td> <Td> 620 </Td> <Td> 686 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It might be lonelier </Td> <Td> F28. 04.012 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 1.049 * </Td> <Td> 1.132 </Td> <Td> 405 </Td> <Td> 535 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It rises -- passes -- on our South </Td> <Td> S07. 22.109 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.041 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1023 </Td> <Td> 1034 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It sifts from Leaden Sieves </Td> <Td> F24. 01.001 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 3.050 * </Td> <Td> 2.050 </Td> <Td> 311 </Td> <Td> 291 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It sounded as if the Streets were running </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 3.034 </Td> <Td> 2.034 </Td> <Td> 1397 </Td> <Td> 1454 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It stole along so stealthy </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1457 </Td> <Td> 1497 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It struck me -- every Day </Td> <Td> F31. 02.007 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 4.050 </Td> <Td> 4.132 </Td> <Td> 362 </Td> <Td> 636 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It tossed -- and tossed </Td> <Td> F36. 03.011 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 1.025 </Td> <Td> 1.051 </Td> <Td> 723 </Td> <Td> 746 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It troubled me as once I was </Td> <Td> F24. 03.011 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.150 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 600 </Td> <Td> 516 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was a Grave , yet bore no Stone </Td> <Td> F38. 03.007 * </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> <Td> 4.136 </Td> <Td> 7.118 </Td> <Td> 876 </Td> <Td> 852 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was a quiet seeming Day </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.018 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1419 </Td> <Td> 1442 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was a quiet way </Td> <Td> F25. 02.005 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 6.137 </Td> <Td> 6.122 </Td> <Td> 1053 </Td> <Td> 573 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was given to me by the Gods </Td> <Td> F21. 05.017 * </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.151 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 455 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was not Death , for I stood up </Td> <Td> F17. 04.009 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 4.035 </Td> <Td> 4.075 </Td> <Td> 510 </Td> <Td> 355 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was not Saint -- it was too large </Td> <Td> S07. 26.127 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 5.121 </Td> <Td> 6.108 </Td> <Td> 1092 </Td> <Td> 1052 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It was too late for Man </Td> <Td> F32. 03.010 </Td> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> 4.032 </Td> <Td> 4.032 </Td> <Td> 623 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It will be Summer -- eventually . </Td> <Td> F18. 06.014 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 3.001 * </Td> <Td> 2.083 </Td> <Td> 342 </Td> <Td> 374 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It would have starved a Gnat </Td> <Td> F21. 02.005 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.177 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 612 </Td> <Td> 444 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It would never be Common -- more -- I said </Td> <Td> F19. 04.010 </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> <Td> 3.098 </Td> <Td> 7.085 </Td> <Td> 430 </Td> <Td> 388 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It would not know if it were spurned </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 2.655 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1579 </Td> <Td> 1615 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's all I have to bring today </Td> <Td> F01. 03.017 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 0.000 </Td> <Td> 3.000 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's coming -- the postponeless Creature </Td> <Td> F27. 04.010 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 4.110 </Td> <Td> 6.099 </Td> <Td> 390 </Td> <Td> 556 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's easy to invent a Life </Td> <Td> F36. 04.012 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 2.041 </Td> <Td> 6.035 </Td> <Td> 724 </Td> <Td> 747 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's like the Light </Td> <Td> F12. 05.019 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 3.016 </Td> <Td> 2.098 </Td> <Td> 297 </Td> <Td> 302 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's such a little thing to weep </Td> <Td> F09. 03.009 </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 1.008 </Td> <Td> 1.091 </Td> <Td> 189 </Td> <Td> 220 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> It 's thoughts -- and just One Heart </Td> <Td> F18. 01.001 </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> <Td> 2.033 </Td> <Td> 7.028 </Td> <Td> 495 </Td> <Td> 362 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Its Hour with itself </Td> <Td> S08a. 07.007 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 5.124 </Td> <Td> 6.111 </Td> <Td> 1225 </Td> <Td> 1211 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Its little Ether Hood </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.140 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1501 </Td> <Td> 1490 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jesus ! thy Crucifix </Td> <Td> F12. 03.015 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.229 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 225 </Td> <Td> 197 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joy to have merited the Pain </Td> <Td> F36. 01.002 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> 6.178 </Td> <Td> 6.161 </Td> <Td> 788 </Td> <Td> 739 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judgment is justest </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1671 </Td> <Td> 1707 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Just as He spoke it from his Hands </Td> <Td> S07. 04.018 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.458 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 848 </Td> <Td> 953 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Just lost , when I was saved ! </Td> <Td> F10. 03.013 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 1.057 </Td> <Td> 1.083 </Td> <Td> 160 </Td> <Td> 132 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Just Once ! Oh least Request ! </Td> <Td> F22. 06.023 </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> A. 202 </Td> <Td> A. 005 </Td> <Td> 1076 </Td> <Td> 478 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Just so -- Jesus -- raps </Td> <Td> F11. 06.012 </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> 5.134 </Td> <Td> 5.137 </Td> <Td> 317 </Td> <Td> 263 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kill your Balm -- and its Odors bless you </Td> <Td> F14. 02.007 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.586 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 238 </Td> <Td> 309 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Knock with tremor </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.390 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1325 </Td> <Td> 1333 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Knows how to forget ! </Td> <Td> F19. 05.013 * </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.210 * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 433 </Td> <Td> 391 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lad of Athens , faithful be </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1768 </Td> <Td> 1606 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lain in Nature -- so suffice us </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.387 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1288 </Td> <Td> 1309 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lay this Laurel on the One </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 4.042 </Td> <Td> 4.082 </Td> <Td> 1393 </Td> <Td> 1428 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Least Bee that brew </Td> <Td> F39. 03.009 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.128 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 676 </Td> <Td> 878 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Least Rivers -- docile to some sea </Td> <Td> F10. 03.015 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 2.656 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 212 </Td> <Td> 206 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Left in immortal Youth </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.382 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1289 </Td> <Td> 1289 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lest any doubt that we are glad that they were born Today </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1156 </Td> <Td> 1191 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lest they should come -- is all my fear </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 2.632 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1169 </Td> <Td> 1204 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lest this be Heaven indeed </Td> <Td> S07. 14.071 </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> 1.501 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1043 </Td> <Td> 1000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Let down the Bars , Oh Death </Td> <Td> S06a. 04.013 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 4.001 </Td> <Td> 4.041 </Td> <Td> 1065 </Td> <Td> 1117 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Let me not mar that perfect Dream </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1896 </Td> <Td> 2.019 * </Td> <Td> 3.053 </Td> <Td> 1335 </Td> <Td> 1361 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Let me not thirst with this Hock at my Lip </Td>

The poem "I Stood Up" was published in

When was it was not death for i stood up published?

2096150463763344356

Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow - wikipedia <H1> Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the First World War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> SMS Bayern sinking by the stern . SMS Baden can be seen at the far left . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 21 June 1919 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Scapa Flow , Orkney , Scotland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> Sinking of ten battleships , five battlecruisers , five cruisers and 32 destroyers </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> German Empire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sydney Fremantle </Td> <Td> Ludwig von Reuter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Units involved </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Battle Squadron </Td> <Td> High Seas Fleet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> None </Td> <Td> Most of the fleet scuttled ; nine killed ; 16 wounded </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The scuttling of the German fleet took place at the Royal Navy 's base at Scapa Flow , in Scotland , after the First World War . The High Seas Fleet was interned there under the terms of the Armistice whilst negotiations took place over the fate of the ships . Fearing that all of the ships would be seized and divided amongst the allied powers , the German commander , Admiral Ludwig von Reuter , decided to scuttle the fleet . </P> <P> The scuttling was carried out on 21 June 1919 . Intervening British guard ships were able to beach a number of the ships , but 52 of the 74 interned vessels sank . Many of the wrecks were salvaged over the next two decades and were towed away for scrapping . Those that remain are popular diving sites . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Surrender of the fleet </Li> <Li> 3 In captivity </Li> <Li> 4 The fleet is scuttled </Li> <Li> 5 Reactions </Li> <Li> 6 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 7 List of the German ships and their fate </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The signing of the Armistice on 11 November 1918 , at Compiègne , France , effectively ended the First World War . The Allied powers agreed that Germany 's U-boat fleet should be surrendered without the possibility of return , but were unable to agree upon a course of action regarding the German surface fleet . The Americans suggested that the ships be interned in a neutral port until a final decision was reached , but the two countries that were approached -- Norway and Spain -- both refused . Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss suggested that the fleet be interned at Scapa Flow with a skeleton crew of German sailors , and guarded in the interim by the Grand Fleet . </P> <P> The terms were transmitted to Germany on 12 November 1918 , instructing them to make the High Seas Fleet ready to sail by 18 November , or the Allies would occupy Heligoland . </P> John Lavery 's painting of the German delegates arriving on HMS Queen Elizabeth <P> On the night of 15 November , Rear - Admiral Hugo Meurer , the representative of Admiral Franz von Hipper , met Admiral David Beatty aboard Beatty 's flagship , HMS Queen Elizabeth . Beatty presented Meurer with the terms , which were expanded at a second meeting the following day . The U-boats were to surrender to Rear - Admiral Reginald Tyrwhitt at Harwich , under the supervision of the Harwich Force . The surface fleet was to sail to the Firth of Forth and surrender to Beatty . They would then be led to Scapa Flow and interned , pending the outcome of the peace negotiations . Meurer asked for an extension to the deadline , aware that the sailors were still in a mutinous mood ( which earlier led to the Wilhelmshaven mutiny ) , and that the officers might have difficulty in getting them to obey orders . Meurer eventually signed the terms after midnight . </P> <H2> Surrender of the fleet ( edit ) </H2> HMS Cardiff leads the High Seas Fleet into the Firth of Forth . The cruisers Emden , Frankfurt and Bremse entering Scapa Flow <P> The first craft to be surrendered were the U-boats , which began to arrive at Harwich on 20 November 1918 ; 176 were eventually handed over . Hipper refused to lead his fleet to the surrender , delegating the task to Rear - Admiral Ludwig von Reuter . The German fleet was met by the light cruiser Cardiff on the morning of 21 November , and led to the rendezvous with over 370 ships of the Grand Fleet and other allied navies . There were 70 German ships in total ; the battleship König and the light cruiser Dresden had engine trouble and had to be left behind . The destroyer V30 struck a mine while crossing , and sank . </P> <P> The German ships were escorted into the Firth of Forth , where they anchored . Beatty signalled them : </P> <P> The German flag will be hauled down at sunset today and will not be hoisted again without permission . </P> <P> The fleet was then moved between 25 and 27 November to Scapa Flow ; the destroyers to Gutter Sound and the battleships and cruisers to the north and west of the island of Cava . Eventually , a total of 74 ships were interned there , König and Dresden having arrived on 6 December accompanied by the destroyer V129 , which replaced the sunken V30 . The last ship to arrive was the battleship Baden on 9 January 1919 . Initially , the interned ships were guarded by the Battle Cruiser Force ( later reduced to the Battle Cruiser Squadron ) , commanded in succession by Vice-Admiral Pakenham , Rear - Admiral Oliver and Rear - Admiral Keyes . On 1 May 1919 , Vice-Admiral Leveson and the Second Battle Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet took over guard duties , and were succeeded on 18 May by Vice-Admiral Sir Sydney Fremantle and the First Battle Squadron . </P> <H2> In captivity ( edit ) </H2> Map of the fleet 's internment at Scapa Flow from 25 March 1919 . Only the locations of battleships , cruisers , and five torpedo boats are shown . The fleet in Scapa Flow . November 1918 <P> The naval historian Arthur Marder described the state of affairs in the German ships during the internment as `` one of complete demoralization '' . He identified four reasons that exacerbated the situation : lack of discipline , poor food , lack of recreation and slow postal service . The cumulative result of these problems created `` indescribable filth in some of the ships '' . On 29 November the Second - in - Command of the Grand Fleet , Admiral Sir Charles Madden , wrote to his brother - in - law and former superior Lord Jellicoe that , `` All proposed orders are considered and counter-signed by the men 's committee before they are executed and then they are carried out as convenient '' . When visiting an interned ship the German officers were reported to have been `` dumb with shame '' . Food was sent from Germany twice a month but was monotonous and not of good quality . Catching fish and seagulls provided a dietary supplement and some recreation . A large amount of brandy was also sent over . Recreation for the men was limited to their ships , as the British refused to allow any of the interned sailors to go ashore or visit any other German ships . British officers and men were only allowed to visit on official business . Outgoing post to Germany was censored from the beginning , and later incoming post also . German seamen were granted 300 cigarettes a month or 75 cigars . There were German doctors in the interned fleet but no dentists , and the British refused to provide dental care . </P> <P> Command of the interned ships was exercised through Rear - Admiral von Reuter , flying his flag in the battleship Friedrich der Grosse . He had a British drifter at his disposal for visiting ships and issuing written orders on urgent business , and his staff was occasionally allowed to visit other ships to arrange repatriation of officers and men . Von Reuter , whose health was poor , requested that his flag be transferred to the light cruiser Emden on 25 March after he was repeatedly prevented from sleeping by the stomping on his cabin roof by a group of revolutionary sailors called the `` Red Guard '' . Over seven months the number of men in his command was continually reduced from the 20,000 men who had sailed the ships over in November . 4,000 returned to Germany on 3 December , 6,000 on 6 December and 5,000 on 12 December , leaving 4,815 , of whom approximately 100 were repatriated a month . </P> German sailors fishing over the side of a destroyer <P> Negotiations over the fate of the ships were under way at the Paris Peace Conference . The French and Italians each wanted a quarter of the ships . The British wanted them destroyed , since they knew that any redistribution would be detrimental to the proportional advantage in numbers they had compared to other navies . Under Article XXXI of the Armistice the Germans were not permitted to destroy their ships . Both Admirals Beatty and Madden had approved plans to seize the German ships in case scuttling was attempted ; Admirals Keyes and Leveson recommended that the ships be seized anyway and the crews interned ashore at Nigg Island , but their suggestions were not taken up . Their concern was not without justification , for as early as January 1919 , von Reuter mentioned the possibility of scuttling the fleet to his chief of staff . Having learned of the possible terms of the Treaty of Versailles in May 1919 , he began to prepare detailed plans to scuttle his ships . Admiral Erich Raeder later wrote that von Reuter was informed that the fleet was to be scuttled at all costs . A further reduction of crews with the departure of two transports to Germany on 18 June 1919 meant that von Reuter was left with reliable men to carry out preparations . On that day he sent out orders , paragraph 11 of which stated : `` It is my intention to sink the ships only if the enemy should attempt to obtain possession of them without the assent of our government . Should our government agree in the peace to terms to the surrender of the ships , then the ships will be handed over , to the lasting disgrace of those who have placed us in this position . '' His orders were sent to the interned ships on 18 June . </P> <P> In the meantime the signing of the Treaty of Versailles was scheduled for noon on 21 June 1919 . The First Battle Squadron prepared to board the German ships in force to check for signs that the fleet was preparing to scuttle . On 13 June Admiral Madden requested in person at the Admiralty a daily political appreciation from 17 June onwards so as to be prepared to take action , but as Madden related to Beatty shortly afterwards , `` they had no reliable indication of the German attitude towards the peace terms '' . Admiral Fremantle submitted to Madden on 16 June a scheme for seizing the German ships at midnight of 21 / 22 June ,

The German fleet was scuttled in 1919 at

Where was the german fleet scuttled in 1919?

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Thomas ( name ) - wikipedia <H1> Thomas ( name ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It has been suggested that this article be merged with Thomas ( surname ) . ( Discuss ) Proposed since April 2018 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> This article is about the name Thomas . For surname , see Thomas ( surname ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Thomas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Saint Thomas the Apostle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pronunciation </Th> <Td> / ˈtɒməs / French : ( tɔma ) German : ( ˈtoːmas ) Dutch : ( ˈtoːmɑs ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Male </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Name day </Th> <Td> July 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Origin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Word / name </Th> <Td> Aramaic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Meaning </Th> <Td> `` twin '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other names </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related names </Th> <Td> Tom , Tommaso , Tŏmas , Tomas , Tomasz , Tommy </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Thomas comes from the Greek bible . Thomas was a popular medieval given throughout Europe , coming from the biblical name , Thomas being one of Jesus ' disciples . It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name meaning `` twin . '' </P> <P> In Britain the name was rare prior to the Norman Conquest ( 11th century ) , but by the 13th and 14th centuries it had become common . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_(name)&oldid=837945103 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Given names </Li> <Li> English masculine given names </Li> <Li> Irish masculine given names </Li> <Li> Scottish masculine given names </Li> <Li> French masculine given names </Li> <Li> German masculine given names </Li> <Li> Dutch masculine given names </Li> <Li> Norwegian masculine given names </Li> <Li> Swedish masculine given names </Li> <Li> Danish masculine given names </Li> <Li> Hebrew masculine given names </Li> <Li> Masculine given names </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles to be merged from April 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles to be merged </Li> <Li> Articles lacking sources from April 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking sources </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Ελληνικά </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Հայերեն </Li> <Li> Íslenska </Li> <Li> Latina </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Norsk nynorsk </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> 5 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 April 2018 , at 00 : 08 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The definition of the name Thomas is

What is the definition of the name thomas?

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Kirsten Vangsness - wikipedia <H1> Kirsten Vangsness </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kirsten Vangsness </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Kirsten Simone Vangsness ( 1972 - 07 - 07 ) July 7 , 1972 ( age 45 ) Pasadena , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress , writer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1998 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Keith Hanson ( 2015 - present ; engaged ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kirsten Simone Vangsness ( born July 7 , 1972 ) is an American actress and writer . She currently stars as FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the CBS drama series Criminal Minds . She portrayed the same character on the spin - off series Criminal Minds : Suspect Behavior . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Acting </Li> <Li> 2.2 Writing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Vangsness was born in Pasadena , California , the daughter of Errol Leroy Vangsness ( born 1938 in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ) and his wife Barbara Mary ( née Marconi ; born 1942 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) . Her paternal great - grandparents were Norwegian , with ancestry from Bergen , Gol , and Oslo . She was raised in Porterville , California , and later moved to Cerritos , California . She graduated from Cerritos High School in June 1990 and attended Cypress College . She later graduated from California State University , Fullerton in June 1995 . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Acting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Vangsness got into acting as a child to help overcome shyness and got her first big break in the theatre , where she won several awards , including the 15 Minutes of Female Best Actress Award , the Los Angeles Drama Critics Award for Best Emerging Comic Actress , and the Golden Betty Award . </P> <H3> Writing ( edit ) </H3> <P> Vangsness ' work has been published in the Los Angeles Times . Since 2014 , Vangsness has co-written three episodes of Criminal Minds . In 2014 she co-wrote `` Nelson 's Sparrow '' with Executive Producer , Erica Messer , in 2015 she co-wrote `` A Beautiful Disaster '' once again with Messer and in 2016 she co-wrote `` Spencer '' with Messer . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Vangsness says that she is `` as queer as a purple unicorn singing Madonna '' . She began dating film and television editor Melanie Goldstein in 2006 . They were engaged , but separated in 2013 . </P> <P> In November 2015 , it was reported that she was engaged to her boyfriend , actor and writer Keith Hanson . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Sometimes Santa 's Gotta Get Whacked </Td> <Td> Tooth Fairy </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> A-List </Td> <Td> Blue </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Tranny McGuyver </Td> <Td> TV News Reporter </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Scream of the Bikini </Td> <Td> Interior Decorator </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> In My Sleep </Td> <Td> Madge </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Sarina 's Song </Td> <Td> Party Guest </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Chicago 8 , The The Chicago 8 </Td> <Td> Sketch Artist </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Remember to Breathe </Td> <Td> Vocals for Young Alice </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Kill Me , Deadly </Td> <Td> Mona Livingston </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Diane & Devine Meet the Apocalypse </Td> <Td> Fawn </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Axis </Td> <Td> Heather ( voice ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Dave Made a Maze </Td> <Td> Jane </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Phil of the Future </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Age Before Beauty '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> LAX </Td> <Td> Ticket Agent / Stephanie </Td> <Td> 3 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 -- present </Td> <Td> Criminal Minds </Td> <Td> Penelope Garcia </Td> <Td> Main Cast ; 292 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vampire Mob </Td> <Td> Laura Anderson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 2012 </Td> <Td> Pretty the Series </Td> <Td> Meredith Champagne </Td> <Td> 14 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Criminal Minds : Suspect Behavior </Td> <Td> Penelope Garcia </Td> <Td> Main Cast ; 13 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second City This Week </Td> <Td> Herself </Td> <Td> 1 episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> Good Job , Thanks ! </Td> <Td> Therapist </Td> <Td> 2 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Shelf Life </Td> <Td> Freaky Squeaky </Td> <Td> 6 episodes , webseries </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 - 2017 </Td> <Td> Criminal Minds : Beyond Borders </Td> <Td> Penelope Garcia </Td> <Td> Special Guest ; 2 episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Vangsness , Kirsten ( 2007 - 07 - 24 ) . `` Kirstens Blog '' . CBS . Archived from the original on 2007 - 10 - 12 . Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Criminal Minds ' Kirsten Vangsness Joins Spin - Off as a Series Regular '' . TVGuide.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Family tree by Vangsness ' father </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kirsten Simone Vangsness ancestry profile '' . Geni.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cypress College Public Information Office ( 2012 - 05 - 04 ) . `` Cypress College @ Cypress Newsletter '' ( PDF ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The nerd who got heard '' . Matt Pomroy. 2008 - 03 - 06 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CRIMINAL MINDS Season 10 - 1013 . Nelson 's Sparrow - Press Release '' . Criminal Minds Round Table . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CRIMINAL MINDS Season 11 - 1118 . A Beautiful Disaster - Press Release '' . Criminal Minds Round Table . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Anderson - Minshall , Diane ( November 2011 ) . `` The Purple Unicorn '' . The Advocate : 42 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Melanie Goldstein on IMDb </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Untitled '' . Criminal Minds Fanatic. 2009 - 09 - 22 . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Waldon , Dave ( 2008 - 09 - 23 ) . `` Kirsten Vangsness Thrives on `` Criminal Minds '' `` . AfterEllen.com . Archived from the original on 2008 - 10 - 06 . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nicole Sands ( November 23 , 2015 ) . `` Criminal Minds Star Kirsten Vangsness Is Engaged : ' He 's the Perfect Partner ' '' . People . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kirsten Vangsness . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Kirsten Vangsness on IMDb </Li> <Li> Kirsten Vangsness at TVGuide.com </Li> <Li> Profile at CBS - Criminal Minds </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Criminal Minds </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criminal Minds </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Season 1 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 5 </Li> <Li> 6 </Li> <Li> 7 </Li> <Li> 8 </Li> <Li> 9 </Li> <Li> 10 </Li> <Li> 11 </Li> <Li> 12 </Li> <Li> 13 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jason Gideon </Li> <Li> Aaron Hotchner </Li> <Li> Elle Greenaway </Li> <Li> Derek Morgan </Li> <Li> Spencer Reid </Li> <Li> Jennifer Jareau </Li> <Li> Penelope Garcia </Li> <Li> Emily Prentiss </Li> <Li> David Rossi </Li> <Li> Alex Blake </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Video game </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Suspect Behavior </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sam Cooper </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beyond Borders </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Season 1 </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jack Garrett </Li> <Li> Clara Seger </Li> <Li> Russ Montgomery </Li> <Li> Matt Simmons </Li> <Li> Mae Jarvis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> International </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> South Korean </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 170639305 </Li> <Li> LCCN : no2011067949 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirsten_Vangsness&oldid=838368679 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1972 births </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> American people of Norwegian descent </Li> <Li> Queer actors </Li> <Li> LGBT entertainers from the United States </Li> <Li> LGBT people from California </Li> <Li> People from Cerritos , California </Li> <Li> 20th - century American actresses </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015 </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> Bosanski </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Íslenska </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Lëtzebuergesch </Li> <Li> Magyar </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 14 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 26 April 2018 , at 15 : 43 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The actress who plays Penelope Garcia on Criminal Minds is

Actress who plays penelope garcia on criminal minds?

-9203958203595622889

List of Presidents of India - Wikipedia <H1> List of Presidents of India </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Rajendra Prasad First President of India <P> The President of India is the head of state of India and the commander - in - chief of the Indian Armed Forces . The President is referred to as the first citizen of India . Although vested with these powers by the Constitution of India , the position is largely a ceremonial one and executive powers are de facto exercised by the Prime Minister . </P> <P> The President is elected by the Electoral College composed of elected members of the parliament houses , the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha , and also members of the Vidhan Sabha , the state legislative assemblies . Presidents may remain in office for a tenure of five years , as stated by article 56 , part V , of the Constitution of India . In the case where a President 's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the President , the Vice President assumes office . By article 70 of part V , the parliament may decide how to discharge the functions of the President where this is not possible , or in any other unexpected contingency . </P> <P> Representation of Presidents by party of candidacy </P> Independent ( 29.6 % ) Indian National Congress ( 41.2 % ) Bharatiya Janata Party ( 5.8 % ) Janata Party ( 5.8 % ) Acting ( 17.6 % ) <P> There have been 14 Presidents of India since the post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950 . Apart from these fourteen , three Acting Presidents have also been in office for short periods of time . Varahagiri Venkata Giri became the Acting President in 1969 after Zakir Husain , died in office . Giri was elected President a few months later . He remains the only person to have held office both as a President and Acting President . Rajendra Prasad , the first President of India , is the only person to have held office for two terms . </P> Presidents by state of birth <P> Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected . Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress . The Janata Party has had one member , Neelam Sanjiva Reddy , who later became President . Two Presidents , Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed , have died in office . Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected . Following Zakir Husain 's death , two acting Presidents held office until the new President , V.V. Giri , was elected . When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections , he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President . The 12th President , Pratibha Patil , is the first woman to serve as President of India , elected in 2007 . </P> <P> On 25 July 2017 , Ram Nath Kovind took office as the 14th President of India . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Presidents </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References <Ul> <Li> 3.1 General </Li> <Li> 3.2 Specific </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Presidents </H2> <P> This list is numbered based on Presidents elected after winning an Indian Presidential election . The terms of Varahagiri Venkata Giri , Mohammad Hidayatullah , and Basappa Danappa Jatti , who served as Acting President , are therefore not numbered or counted as actual terms in office . The President of India does not represent any political party . The colours used in the table indicate the following : </P> <Dl> <Dt> Colour key </Dt> </Dl> Acting President of India President was an Independent candidate President was an candidate of Indian National Congress ( INC ) President was an candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) President was an candidate of the Janata Party ( JP ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Name ( birth -- death ) </Th> <Th> Photograph </Th> <Th> Elected </Th> <Th> Took office </Th> <Th> Left office </Th> <Th> Term ( in months ) </Th> <Th> Vice President </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Candidate of </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Rajendra Prasad ( 1884 -- 1963 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1952 1957 </Td> <Td> 26 January 1950 </Td> <Td> 12 May 1962 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> Prasad , from Bihar , was the first President of independent India and also the longest - serving President , as the only president to serve two terms in office . He was also a freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan ( 1888 -- 1975 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> 13 May 1962 </Td> <Td> 13 May 1967 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Zakir Husain </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher and writer and also held the position of vice-chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University . He received the Bharat Ratna award in 1954 before becoming the President . He was the first President from South India . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Zakir Husain ( 1897 -- 1969 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 13 May 1967 </Td> <Td> 3 May 1969 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Varahagiri Venkata Giri </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> Husain was vice-chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna . He died in office , the first to do so . He was also the shortest - serving President . He was also the first Muslim President . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> Varahagiri Venkata Giri ( 1894 -- 1980 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 3 May 1969 </Td> <Td> 20 July 1969 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> He was elected Vice President of India in 1967 . Following the death of President Zakir Husain , Giri was appointed as Acting President . He resigned after a few months to take part in the presidential elections . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> Mohammad Hidayatullah ( 1905 -- 1992 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 20 July 1969 </Td> <Td> 24 August 1969 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India and was also a recipient of the Order of the British Empire . He served as Acting President until the election of Giri as the President of India . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Varahagiri Venkata Giri ( 1894 -- 1980 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> 24 August 1969 </Td> <Td> 24 August 1974 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Gopal Swarup Pathak </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> Giri was the first person to have served as both an acting president and president of India . He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna , and served as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed ( 1905 -- 1977 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24 August 1974 </Td> <Td> 11 February 1977 </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> Gopal Swarup Pathak ( 1974 ) <P> Basappa Danappa Jatti ( 1974 -- 1977 ) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president . He died in 1977 before his term of office ended , and was the second Indian president to die in office . He was also president during Emergency . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> -- </Th> <Td> Basappa Danappa Jatti ( 1912 -- 2002 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 11 February 1977 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1977 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed 's term of office , and was sworn in as Acting President upon Ahmed 's death . He earlier served as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore State . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Neelam Sanjiva Reddy ( 1913 -- 1996 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1977 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1982 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Basappa Danappa Jatti ( 1977 -- 1979 ) <P> Mohammad Hidayatullah ( 1979 -- 1982 ) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Janata Party </Td> <Td> Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh . Reddy was the only Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh . He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Zail Singh ( 1916 -- 1994 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1982 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1987 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Mohammad Hidayatullah ( 1982 -- 1984 ) <P> Ramaswamy Venkataraman ( 1984 -- 1987 ) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> In March 1972 , Singh assumed the position of Chief Minister of Punjab , and in 1980 , he became Union Home Minister . He was also secretary general to Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) from 1983 to 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Ramaswamy Venkataraman ( 1910 -- 2009 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 July 1987 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1992 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Shankar Dayal Sharma </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> In 1942 , Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the Indian independence movement . After his release , he was elected to independent India 's Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government , where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Shankar Dayal Sharma ( 1918 -- 1999 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 July 1992 </Td> <Td> 25 July 1997 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Kocheril Raman Narayanan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> Sharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh , and the Indian Minister for Communications . He also served as the Governor of Andhra Pradesh , Punjab and Maharashtra . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Kocheril Raman Narayanan ( 1920 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 July 1997 </Td> <Td> 25 July 2002 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Krishan Kant </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> Narayanan served as India 's ambassador to Thailand , Turkey , China and United States of America . He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities . He was also the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University . He was the first Dalit President . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( 1931 -- 2015 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 25 July 2002 </Td> <Td> 25 July 2007 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Krishan Kant ( 2002 ) <P> Bhairon Singh Shekhawat ( 2002 -- 2007 ) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> <Td> Kalam was an educator and engineer who played a leading role in the development of India 's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs . He also received the Bharat Ratna . Kalam died following a heart attack while delivering a speech in Shillong . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Pratibha Patil ( 1934 -- )

The President of India in the present time is

Who is president of india in present time?

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</Td> <Td> November 20 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> KCW209 </Td> <Td> 6.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Kevin vows to make a home - cooked Thanksgiving meal for the family , but when he finds it impossible , he relies on neighbor Wendy ( Florencia Lozano ) who is always bringing him food . Vanessa correctly deduces that Wendy has been bringing meals to Kevin because she 's romantically interested in him and wants Kevin to end the relationship . Meanwhile , Jack has been stocking supplies because he 's read that Yellowstone sits on an active volcano that could blow anytime , causing chaos throughout the country , and Sara wants to cook the cornbread Donna had taught her to make before her death . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 34 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Kevin Moves Metal '' </Td> <Td> Andy Fickman </Td> <Td> Peter Hoare & Pete Correale </Td> <Td> November 27 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> KCW208 </Td> <Td> 6.35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> A Monkey Fist client suspects that her ex-husband , a car dealer , is falsifying his income to pay less alimony , so Kevin goes undercover as a janitor to try and get a hold of the dealer 's books . After inadvertently convincing a couple to buy a vehicle , Kevin is immediately promoted to salesman . He is soon distracted by his incentive to win the dealer 's Vespa by selling the most cars , which prompts Vanessa to go undercover herself to make sure he does n't screw up the job . Meanwhile , Chale helps train Jack to be a better actor as the latter prepares to try out for a school play , only to overdo it . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 35 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Trainer Wreck '' </Td> <Td> Andy Fickman </Td> <Td> Annie Levine & Jonathan Emerson </Td> <Td> December 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> KCW211 </Td> <Td> 6.31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> A new gym has opened up downstairs , and Kevin and Vanessa both vie for the attention of the handsome new trainer for very different reasons , putting the partners at odds . Meanwhile , Kyle provides bad advice to Chale when a health inspector visits the restaurant with Enzo out of town . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 36 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` The Might 've Before Christmas '' </Td> <Td> Andy Fickman </Td> <Td> Rock Reuben & Mike Soccio </Td> <Td> December 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> KCW212 </Td> <Td> 6.40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> At the Gable family Christmas Eve gathering , Vanessa arrives and tells the story of her and Kevin 's first day as partners on the force . As the story evolves , the kids realize it was also the day Kevin asked out Donna for the first time . Meanwhile , Kendra is mad that Kevin did not get a present for Chale , while Kyle is upset that Kevin did not get a present for him ( even though it was Kyle 's idea to not exchange gifts ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 37 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Monkey Fist Insecurity '' </Td> <Td> Andy Fickman </Td> <Td> Pete Correale & Avin Das </Td> <Td> January 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> KCW215 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> In October 2015 , it was announced Kevin James would star in a new family - comedy television series for CBS , while Rock Reuben will executive produce the series , and Bruce Helford would serve as the show runner . </P> <P> On October 17 , 2016 , CBS ordered a full season of 22 episodes . In November 2016 , Bruce Helford exited the series as showrunner after the first thirteen episodes , due to creative differences . Cheers alum Rob Long replaced Helford as showrunner . On January 6 , 2017 , two additional episodes were added , bringing the season to a total of 24 episodes . </P> <P> The series is filmed entirely on Long Island at Gold Coast Studios in Bethpage , New York . The pilot episode was filmed on April 1 , 2016 . Production on subsequent episodes began taping on August 5 , 2016 . </P> <P> Season two was originally supposed to contain 22 episodes . However , like the previous season , it was eventually bumped up to 24 episodes . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> In January 2016 , Taylor Spreitler had been cast in the series as Kendra , Kevin 's daughter . In February 2016 , Ryan Cartwright , Mary - Charles Jones , and James DiGiacomo had been cast in the series , as Kendra 's boyfriend , and James ' characters other children , respectively . That same month , Leonard Earl Howze and Erinn Hayes joined the cast portraying James ' character 's friend and former police partner and James ' wife , respectively . In March 2016 , Lenny Venito and Gary Valentine joined the cast . </P> <P> In September 2016 , it was announced Ray Romano and Gina Brillon would guest star . In November 2016 , it was announced Adam Sandler would also guest star . In March 2017 , it was announced James ' former King of Queens co-star Leah Remini would guest star in the first season 's final two episodes . </P> <P> In June 2017 , Remini was upped to a series regular starting with Season 2 ; shortly after , it was announced that Erinn Hayes would not be returning for the show 's second season . Sources cited in a Variety article confirmed that Remini would be returning as Detective Vanessa Cellucci , the character she portrayed in the first - season finale , and that Hayes ' dismissal was for creative reasons and `` not a reflection '' of the actress ' performance . In August 2017 , it was reported Hayes ' character will be killed off before season two begins and the season will take place 7 -- 10 months after season one ended , in order to make room for Remini . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the first season , Kevin Can Wait received generally negative reviews from critics . On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the series has an approval rating of 30 % , based on 23 reviews , with an average rating of 3.9 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Kevin James proves a likable , funny lead , but Kevin Can Wait relies too heavily on predictable , unfunny jokes and a series of lackluster subplots to stand out from the crowd . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating , the series has a score 39 out of 100 , based on 17 critics , indicating `` generally unfavorable reviews '' . </P> <P> With the firing of Hayes and addition of Reimini in season two , the series ' retooling also received negative reviews , this time heavily comparing the series as inferior to James and Remini 's former show The King of Queens . </P> <H3> Controversy ( edit ) </H3> <P> The replacement of Erinn Hayes with Leah Remini , and how the show handled Donna Gable 's death , has been a source of controversy for the series. . Criticism has lied especially on the episodes `` Civil Ceremony '' and `` Grief Thief '' . In the former , which served as the season premiere , criticism was placed on the brief mention of Donna 's death , via a piece of mail , and a subsequent joke many found distasteful . The later episode , the season 's fifth episode , was panned for its plot that the characters use a single parents support group for getting out of work and their romantic life . The series ' reduced mention of Donna following her death , as well as no specific cause to her death , has also been target of criticism . </P> <P> Viewers and critics of the show remain divided over the retool . Some stated the decision was a well - made one , and that the chemistry James has with Remini has made the quality of the series better . Others say that Hayes ' firing , and the addition of Remini with how the show handled her character 's death , with poor script quality , has made the show worse . Despite the division , both Hayes and Remini spoke highly of each other . Remini stated that , before Hayes ' firing , she was looking forward to working with her again ; Hayes ( who has mostly remained silent over the firing so far ) asked fans to not place blame on Remini . </P> <P> It has been rumoured and hinted at that the addition of co-star Leah Remini was an attempt to save the show from cancellation . Many suggested this theory is due not only to their great chemistry and ability to play off one another well , but also to capitalize on their successful run on The King of Queens a decade earlier . However , James insisted the choice was purely creative , as the writers felt they were running out of ideas , and he was unsure if it would continue beyond a second season . James also stated that the original plot line of the series was to have him as a single father , but the original producers gave him a wife instead . </P> <P> Despite the controversy surround the revamp , the series ' ratings have remained steady . As of December 1 , 2017 , the series was averaging 8.2 million viewers ( with delayed viewing ) in the season , competing against more established Top 20 series Dancing with the Stars and ' The Voice . The series also performs well in the much - coveted 18 - 49 demographic , ranking as the fifth - highest rated program on CBS in that category . </P> <H3> Ratings ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Timeslot ( ET ) </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> First aired </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Last aired </Th> <Th> TV season </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Avg . viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> 18 -- 49 rating ( average ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Monday 8 : 30 PM ( 1 -- 5 ) Monday 8 : 00 PM ( 6 -- 24 ) </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> September 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 11.08 </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 5.68 </Td> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 9.24 </Td> <Td> 2.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Monday 9 : 00 PM ( 1 -- 5 ) Monday 8 : 00 PM ( 6 -- ) </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> September 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 10.26 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> Season 1 ( 2016 -- 17 ) ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> September 19 , 2016 </Td> <Td> 2.6 / 9 </Td> <Td> 11.08 </Td> <Td> 0.9

Kevin Can Wait's wife left the show for

Why did kevin can't wait wife leave the show?

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Wonder ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Wonder ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wonder </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Stephen Chbosky </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Hoberman </Li> <Li> Todd Lieberman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jack Thorne </Li> <Li> Steve Conrad </Li> <Li> Stephen Chbosky </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Wonder by R.J. Palacio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Julia Roberts </Li> <Li> Owen Wilson </Li> <Li> Jacob Tremblay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marcelo Zarvos </Li> <Li> Bea Miller </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Don Burgess </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Mark Livolsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lionsgate </Li> <Li> Mandeville Films </Li> <Li> Participant Media </Li> <Li> Walden Media </Li> <Li> TIK Films </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Lionsgate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) ( Regency Village Theater ) </Li> <Li> November 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 17 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 113 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $20 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $300.1 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Wonder is a 2017 American drama film directed by Stephen Chbosky and written by Jack Thorne , Steve Conrad , and Stephen Chbosky , based on the 2012 novel of the same name by R.J. Palacio . The film stars Julia Roberts , Owen Wilson , and Jacob Tremblay . The film follows a child with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in . Wonder was released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 , by Lionsgate . The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences and grossed $300 million worldwide on a $20 million budget , turning a profit of $55 million . At the 90th Academy Awards , the film was nominated for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 2.2 Other cast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> August `` Auggie '' Pullman is a young boy raised in North River Heights in upper Manhattan , New York . He has a rare medical facial deformity , which he refers to as `` mandibulofacial dysostosis . '' Due to numerous surgeries ( 27 ) , Auggie had been home - schooled by his parents Isabel and Nate , but as Auggie is approaching middle school age , Isabel and Nate decide to send him to Beecher Prep , a mainstream private school . Fifth grade is tough for Auggie who is ostracized by nearly all the student body . He is bullied by being called a freak and rumors were spread that kids will get the `` plague '' if they touch him . He does befriend a boy named Jack Will . </P> <P> Halloween is Auggie 's favorite holiday . He has to wear an old `` Ghostface '' mask and costume because his dog , Daisy , threw up on his `` Boba Fett '' costume . He walks around school unrecognized and is not tormented while incognito . As he walks through the door to his homeroom , he overhears his friend Jack telling Julian Albans that he was `` only pretending to be friends with Auggie . '' Feeling betrayed , Auggie leaves school and wants to stay home during trick - or - treating . His older sister Olivia , nicknamed `` Via , '' tells him she is still his friend and talks him out of it . Auggie later confides the incident to a new friend , named Summer , but swears her to secrecy . When Jack notices that Auggie has become quiet and distant he asks Summer why , but she only gives him the clue `` Ghost Face '' . Jack is shocked when it dawns on him that it was Auggie wearing the Ghost Face costume , and thus had overheard everything he said to Julian . When Julian calls Auggie a `` freak , '' Jack angrily punches him in the face and a fight ensues between the two , which is soon broken up by their homeroom teacher Mr. Browne . Jack is suspended for two days for his actions . He apologizes to Auggie and the two friends reconcile . They even team up for a winning science project . </P> <P> During the middle of the school year , Auggie is constantly bullied by Julian and his friends Amos , Miles , and Henry . They leave hurtful and threatening notes on his desk and tape their class picture on his locker with Auggie photoshopped out . Mr. Tushman confronts Julian and his parents . Julian 's mother assures the principal that her boy is no bully . She even proclaims that she had Auggie edited out of the picture because she did n't want people to only care about Auggie and his family more than Julian . She also threatens to pull their funding from the school . Tushman shows all of his evidence and suspends Julian for two days , along with making him stay home from the annual nature retreat . As he and his parents leave , a remorseful Julian apologizes to Tushman for his behavior which the principal proudly accepts . </P> <P> Via has her own teen problems as well as feeling left out with all of the parental attention given to her sick brother . Her best friend , Miranda , has been ignoring her all year but she meets a new boy Justin who encourages her to join Drama Club . Via and Justin develop a close friendship which later turns into a romantic relationship and her first kiss . Via is selected to be an understudy for the lead role in the school 's production of `` Our Town , '' but Miranda gets the lead role . Miranda realizes the pain and harm she 's done to Via , and on opening night pretends to fall ill . Via takes her place and gives a performance that earns her a standing ovation . </P> <P> During the nature retreat , Auggie and Jack are harassed by a group of seventh graders from another school and Amos , Miles , and Henry come to their defense . After their return to school , Auggie is generally more accepted by his classmates , including the reformed Julian . At the school 's year end graduation ceremony , Tushman announces that Auggie has been selected for the Henry Ward Beecher Medal for being a strong standing out student . Auggie receives a standing ovation . His mother Isabel calls Auggie her `` wonder '' . The movie ends with a shot of a floating astronaut : Auggie 's goal in life . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Julia Roberts as Isabel Pullman , Via and Auggie 's mother . </Li> <Li> Owen Wilson as Nate Pullman , Via and Auggie 's father , Isabel 's husband </Li> <Li> Jacob Tremblay as August `` Auggie '' Pullman , Via 's brother and Isabel and Nate 's son </Li> <Li> Izabela Vidovic as Olivia `` Via '' Pullman , Auggie 's sister <Ul> <Li> Maccie Margaret Chbosky as Young Olivia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Noah Jupe as Jack Will , Auggie 's best friend </Li> <Li> Bryce Gheisar as Julian Albans </Li> <Li> Elle McKinnon as Charlotte Cody </Li> <Li> Millie Davis as Summer Dawson </Li> <Li> Ty Consiglio as Amos Continu </Li> <Li> Kyle Harrison Breitkopf as Miles Noury </Li> <Li> James A. Hughes as Henry Joplin </Li> <Li> Sônia Braga as Lisa `` Grans '' Minel , Isabel 's mother and Via and Auggie 's grandmother </Li> <Li> Mandy Patinkin as Mr. Tushman </Li> <Li> Daveed Diggs as Mr. Browne </Li> <Li> Ali Liebert as Ms. Petosa </Li> <Li> Danielle Rose Russell as Miranda Navas , Via 's best friend </Li> <Li> Nadji Jeter as Justin Hollander , Via 's boyfriend </Li> <Li> Gidget as Darth - Daisy `` Daisy '' , Auggie and Via 's dog </Li> </Ul> <H3> Other cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nicole Oliver as Mrs. Will , Jack 's mother </Li> <Li> Rachel Hayward as Mrs. Navas , Miranda 's mother </Li> <Li> Crystal Lowe as Mrs. Sarah Albans , Julian 's mother </Li> <Li> Steve Bacic as Mr. Albans , Julian 's father </Li> <Li> Erika McKitrick as Ella </Li> <Li> Lucia Thain as Savanna Wittenberg </Li> <Li> Sasha Neuhaus as Maya Markowitz </Li> <Li> Izzy Lieberman as Reid Kingsley </Li> <Li> Hannah Hoberman as Rebecca </Li> <Li> William Dickinson as Eddie </Li> <Li> Emma Tremblay as Michelle </Li> <Li> Lydia Jewett as Lina Annan </Li> <Li> Armen Bagdasrov as Danny </Li> <Li> Kaelyn Breitkopf as Angela </Li> <Li> Victoria V. Cruz as the Science Fair judge </Li> <Li> Benjamin Ratner as Mr. Davenport </Li> <Li> J. Douglas Stewart as Darth Sidious </Li> <Li> Michael Alan Healy as Chewbacca </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On November 27 , 2012 , it was announced that Lionsgate was developing the feature film adaptation of R.J. Palacio 's debut novel Wonder , while in talks with John August to write the screenplay . Mandeville Films ' David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman would be producing the film . On May 8 , 2013 , Jack Thorne was hired to adapt the novel , while August , who was previously reported as writer , had departed from the project . In October 2014 , John Krokidas was reported to be directing the film , but in April 2015 , Paul King was hired to take the directing duties . Steven Conrad was writing the script at that time . </P> <P> On April 14 , 2016 , Jacob Tremblay was cast in to play the lead role as Auggie Pullman , while Julia Roberts was in talks to play Auggie 's mother . On May 5 , 2016 , Roberts was confirmed to play the mother , with Stephen Chbosky signed on to direct . On June 27 , 2016 , Owen Wilson had joined to play Auggie 's father . On July 11 , 2016 , newcomer Noah Jupe joined the cast as Auggie 's best friend at school . On July 15 , 2016 , Daveed Diggs was cast as Mr. Browne , an English teacher at the school . On August 19 , 2016 , Sônia Braga joined the cast , portraying the role of Roberts 's mother . </P> <P> Jacob 's prosthetic makeup , designed and created by Arjen Tuiten , took an hour and half to apply . It consisted of a skull cap with prosthetic ears attached , a facial prosthetic that covered Jacob 's face , and a wig to tie it all together . </P> <P> Marcelo Zarvos composed the film 's score . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bea Miller composed a song entitled `` Brand New Eyes . '' It was released on August 3 , 2017 . </P> <P> Wonder author R.J. Palacio has often credited Natalie Merchant 's song `` Wonder '' from her 1995 album Tigerlily as

The movie Wonder is supposed to take place in

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Percy Jackson ( film series ) - wikipedia <H1> Percy Jackson ( film series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Percy Jackson & the Olympians </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Chris Columbus ( 1 ) Thor Freudenthal ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Michael Barnathan ( 1 -- 2 ) Karen Rosenfelt ( 1 -- 2 ) Chris Columbus ( 1 ) Mark Radcliffe ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Craig Titley ( 1 ) Marc Guggenheim ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Percy Jackson & the Olympians by Rick Riordan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Logan Lerman Brandon T. Jackson Alexandra Daddario Jake Abel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Christophe Beck ( 1 ) Andrew Lockington ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Stephen Goldblatt ( 1 ) Shelly Johnson ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Peter Honess ( 1 ) Mark Goldblatt ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Fox 2000 Pictures ( 1 - 2 ) 1492 Pictures ( 1 -- 2 ) Sunswept Entertainment ( 1 -- 2 ) Dune Entertainment ( 1 ) TSG Entertainment ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> 20th Century Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> 2010 -- 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 224 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $185 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $428.7 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Percy Jackson & the Olympians ( also known as Percy Jackson ) is an American feature film series based on the novel series of the same name by the author Rick Riordan . The series is distributed by 20th Century Fox , produced by 1492 Pictures and currently consists of two installments . The first film , Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief ( 2010 ) , was directed by Chris Columbus , and was released on February 12 , 2010 . The second installment , Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters ( 2013 ) , was originally intended to be released in March 2013 but was instead pushed back to August 7 , 2013 , and was directed by Thor Freudenthal . The series has grossed nearly $430 million at the worldwide box office . </P> <P> The films follow the adventures of demigod Percy Jackson and his comrades at the demigod training ground of Camp Half - Blood . In the first film , Percy must go on a quest to save his mother from the underworld and prove his innocence when he is accused of stealing lightning from Zeus . However , this first movie does not follow the plot of the first Percy Jackson book , the origin of inspiration for the Percy Jackson movie , by Rick Riordan . The second film revolves around Percy 's escapade as he must retrieve the legendary golden fleece from the sea of monsters , or the Bermuda triangle , which is the only thing that will save the camp from the forces of darkness . </P> <P> In December 2017 , The Walt Disney Company agreed to a 52.4 - billion - dollar deal to acquire 21st Century Fox , including the film rights for Percy Jackson & The Olympians ; it 's unknown if Disney ( the owners of Disney Hyperion ) will continue the series or reboot it . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production <Ul> <Li> 1.1 The Lightning Thief </Li> <Li> 1.2 Sea of Monsters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Films <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters ( 2013 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Crew </Li> <Li> 4 Criticism </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office performance </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical and public response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The Lightning Thief ( edit ) </H3> <P> In June 2004 , 20th Century Fox acquired the film rights to the book . In April 2007 , director Chris Columbus was hired to lead at the helm of the project . Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver while other portions of the film were shot at the Parthenon in Nashville , Tennessee ; A full - scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens . Filming wrapped up on the morning of July 25 , 2009 in Vancouver , British Columbia . Digital intermediate work began in San Francisco in November 2009 . Christopher Beck composed the soundtrack . Chris Columbus has stated that each member of the cast were chosen specifically with sequels in mind . `` I think with Percy Jackson it was a matter of finding the right cast to fit into these roles , sort of the perfect cast for these roles , because hopefully , God willing , we will go on to do other Percy Jackson films and you want the cast to grow with their characters . '' All the lead actors had signed for three films during the shooting . </P> <H3> Sea of Monsters ( edit ) </H3> <P> It was revealed in the 749th issue of online subscription magazine Production Weekly that the film was in production . Another source said that the lead cast members from the first movie were expected to return for their roles . Chris Columbus did not return as director , though he produced the movie together with Karen Rosenfelt , producer of The Twilight Saga film series . Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski were hired as the scriptwriters . On June 16 , 2011 , it was announced that Thor Freudenthal would be directing the film with production beginning on April 12 , 2012 . On October 12 , 2011 , it was announced that the film would be released on March 26 , 2013 , but on May 31 , 2012 , it was announced that the movie had been pushed back to August 16 , 2013 . On April 6 , it was announced that the movie was pushed up to August 7 , 2013 . On January 13 , 2012 , a brand new production list was released and stated that the movie will film between April 26 , 2012 - July 11 , 2012 with scenes being filmed in Vancouver , B.C. and New Orleans , Louisiana . Filming wrapped up in July 2012 , but then started again in January 2013 for reshoots . Filming was officially wrapped up on January 20 , 2013 . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Percy Jackson & the Olympians : the Lightning Thief ( 2010 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief <P> In June 2004 , 20th Century Fox acquired feature film rights to the book . In April 2007 , director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project . Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver . The film was released on February 12 , 2010 and was met with mixed reviews upon release and was a commercial success and grossed almost $227 million at the worldwide box office against a budget of $95 million . The plot revolves around a sixteen - year - old Percy Jackson who discovers that he is the son of Poseidon , Greek God of the sea , and goes to Camp Half - Blood , a training camp for demigods , the half mortal children of Greek gods . When Percy 's mom is kidnapped by Hades , and Percy is accused of stealing Zeus ' lightning bolt , Percy and his friends go on a quest to rescue his mom from the underworld , leading them across America to find Persephone 's pearls , while proving that Percy is not the lightning thief and is innocent . </P> <H3> Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters ( 2013 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters <P> In October 2011 , 20th Century Fox announced a sequel based on the second book , The Sea of Monsters . The film was released on August 7 , 2013 . Percy Jackson , son of Greek god Poseidon , discovers he has a half - brother , Tyson , and embarks on a journey with his friends to retrieve the Golden Fleece to save a magical tree containing the spirit of Zeus 's daughter Thalia who died at the gates of Camp Half - Blood while saving Annabeth , Luke and Grover . This tree protects their training ground , Camp Half - Blood . They must travel to the Sea of Monsters to save it , and find the challenges that may await them . The film grossed just over $202 million at the worldwide box office . </P> <H2> Crew ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Director </Th> <Th> Producer </Th> <Th> Writer </Th> <Th> Composer </Th> <Th> Editor </Th> <Th> Cinematographer </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief </Td> <Td> Chris Columbus </Td> <Td> Karen Rosenfelt Chris Columbus Michael Barnathan Mark Radcliffe </Td> <Td> Craig Titley </Td> <Td> Christophe Beck </Td> <Td> Peter Honess </Td> <Td> Stephen Goldblatt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters </Td> <Td> Thor Freudenthal </Td> <Td> Karen Rosenfelt Chris Columbus Michael Barnathan </Td> <Td> Marc Guggenheim </Td> <Td> Andrew Lockington </Td> <Td> Mark Goldblatt </Td> <Td> Shelly Johnson </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Criticism ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rick Riordan , the author of the book series , has mentioned in numerous interviews that he has never seen the movies , to keep them from influencing the way he views the characters . During March 2016 , Riordan wrote a letter asking teachers not to show the movie to students during class time . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> For more details on the reception of each film , see Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief § Reception , and Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters § Reception . <H3> Box office performance ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Box office gross </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Box office ranking </Th> <Th> Budget </Th> <Th> Ref ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> North America </Th> <Th> Other territories </Th> <Th> Worldwide </Th> <Th> All time North America </Th> <Th> All time worldwide </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Lightning Thief </Td> <Td> February 12 , 2010 </Td> <Td> $88,768,303 </Td> <Td> $137,728,906 </Td> <Td> $226,497,209 </Td> <Td> # 651 </Td> <Td> # 495 </Td> <Td> $95,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sea of Monsters </Td> <Td> August 7 , 2013 </Td> <Td> $68,519,879 </Td> <Td> $133,728,197 </Td> <Td> $202,247,751 </Td> <Td> # 937 </Td> <Td> # 581 </Td> <Td> $90,000,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Total </Th> <Th> $157,288,182 </Th> <Th> $271,456,667 </Th> <Th> $428,744,970 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> <Th> $185,000,000 </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Critical and public response ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Rotten Tomatoes </Th> <Th> Metacritic </Th> <Th> CinemaScore </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Lightning Thief </Td> <Td> 49 % ( 141 reviews ) </Td> <Td> 47 % ( 31 reviews ) </Td> <Td> B+ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sea of Monsters </Td> <Td> 41 % ( 110 reviews ) </Td> <Td> 39 % ( 35 reviews ) </Td> <Td> B+ </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Zeitchik , Steven ( December 14 , 2017 ) . `` Disney buys much of Fox in megamerger

The Percy Jackson movies are in the following order:

What order are the percy jackson movies in?

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Cold War - wikipedia <H1> Cold War </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Cold War ( disambiguation ) . `` Cold warrior '' redirects here . For other uses , see Cold warrior ( disambiguation ) . The Cold War ( 1947 -- 1991 ) East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall , 1961 ; The Apollo -- Soyuz Test Project crew , 1975 ; During the Cold War , the US conducted around 1,054 nuclear tests by official count , between 1945 and 1992 ; The fall of the Berlin Wall , 1989 ; Tanks in Red Square during the August Coup , four months before the USSR collapse , 1991 . <P> The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc ( the Soviet Union and its satellite states ) and powers in the Western Bloc ( the United States , its NATO allies and others ) . Historians do not fully agree on the dates , but a common timeframe is the period between 1947 , the year the Truman Doctrine , a U.S. foreign policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism , was announced , and either 1989 , when communism fell in Eastern Europe , or 1991 , when the Soviet Union collapsed . The term `` cold '' is used because there was no large - scale fighting directly between the two sides , but they each supported major regional wars known as proxy wars . </P> <P> The Cold War split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany , leaving the Soviet Union and the United States as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences . The USSR was a Marxist -- Leninist state led by its Communist Party of the Soviet Union , which in turn was dominated by a leader with different titles over time , and a small committee called the Politburo . The Party controlled the press , the military , the economy and many organizations . It also controlled the other states in the Eastern Bloc , and funded Communist parties around the world , sometimes in competition with Communist China , particularly following the Sino - Soviet split of the 1960s . In opposition stood the capitalist West , led by the United States , a federal republic with a two - party presidential system . The First World nations of the Western Bloc were generally liberal democratic with a free press and independent organizations , but were economically and politically entwined with a network of banana republics and other authoritarian regimes throughout the Third World , most of which were the Western Bloc 's former colonies . Some major Cold War frontlines such as Vietnam , Indonesia , and the Congo were still Western colonies in 1947 . </P> <P> A small neutral bloc arose with the Non-Aligned Movement ; it sought good relations with both sides . The two superpowers never engaged directly in full - scale armed combat , but they were heavily armed in preparation for a possible all - out nuclear world war . Each side had a nuclear strategy that discouraged an attack by the other side , on the basis that such an attack would lead to the total destruction of the attacker -- the doctrine of mutually assured destruction ( MAD ) . Aside from the development of the two sides ' nuclear arsenals , and their deployment of conventional military forces , the struggle for dominance was expressed via proxy wars around the globe , psychological warfare , massive propaganda campaigns and espionage , rivalry at sports events , and technological competitions such as the Space Race . </P> <P> The first phase of the Cold War began in the first two years after the end of the Second World War in 1945 . The USSR consolidated its control over the states of the Eastern Bloc , while the United States began a strategy of global containment to challenge Soviet power , extending military and financial aid to the countries of Western Europe ( for example , supporting the anti-communist side in the Greek Civil War ) and creating the NATO alliance . The Berlin Blockade ( 1948 -- 49 ) was the first major crisis of the Cold War . With the victory of the communist side in the Chinese Civil War and the outbreak of the Korean War ( 1950 -- 53 ) , the conflict expanded . The USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia . Meanwhile , the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was stopped by the Soviets . The expansion and escalation sparked more crises , such as the Suez Crisis ( 1956 ) , the Berlin Crisis of 1961 , and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 . Following the Cuban Missile Crisis , a new phase began that saw the Sino - Soviet split complicate relations within the communist sphere , while US allies , particularly France , demonstrated greater independence of action . The USSR crushed the 1968 Prague Spring liberalization program in Czechoslovakia , and the Vietnam War ( 1955 -- 75 ) ended with the defeat of the US - backed Republic of Vietnam , prompting further adjustments . </P> <P> By the 1970s , both sides had become interested in making allowances in order to create a more stable and predictable international system , ushering in a period of détente that saw Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the US opening relations with the People 's Republic of China as a strategic counterweight to the Soviet Union . Détente collapsed at the end of the decade with the beginning of the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . The early 1980s were another period of elevated tension , with the Soviet downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 ( 1983 ) , and the `` Able Archer '' NATO military exercises ( 1983 ) . The United States increased diplomatic , military , and economic pressures on the Soviet Union , at a time when the communist state was already suffering from economic stagnation . In the mid-1980s , the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika ( `` reorganization '' , 1987 ) and glasnost ( `` openness '' , c. 1985 ) and ended Soviet involvement in Afghanistan . Pressures for national independence grew stronger in Eastern Europe , especially Poland . Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past . The result in 1989 was a wave of revolutions that peacefully ( with the exception of the Romanian Revolution ) overthrew all of the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe . The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August 1991 . This in turn led to the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse of communist regimes in other countries such as Mongolia , Cambodia and South Yemen . The United States remained as the world 's only superpower . </P> <P> The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy . It is often referred to in popular culture , especially in media featuring themes of espionage ( e.g. , the internationally successful James Bond movie franchise ) and the threat of nuclear warfare . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins of the term </Li> <Li> 2 Background <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Russian Revolution </Li> <Li> 2.2 Beginnings of World War II </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 End of World War II ( 1945 -- 47 ) <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Wartime conferences regarding post-war Europe </Li> <Li> 3.2 Potsdam Conference and surrender of Japan </Li> <Li> 3.3 Beginnings of the Eastern Bloc </Li> <Li> 3.4 Preparing for a `` new war '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Beginnings of the Cold War ( 1947 -- 53 ) <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Containment and the Truman Doctrine </Li> <Li> 4.2 Marshall Plan and Czechoslovak coup d'état </Li> <Li> 4.3 Cominform and the Tito -- Stalin Split </Li> <Li> 4.4 Berlin Blockade and airlift </Li> <Li> 4.5 Beginnings of NATO and Radio Free Europe </Li> <Li> 4.6 Chinese Civil War and SEATO </Li> <Li> 4.7 Korean War </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Crisis and escalation ( 1953 -- 62 ) <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Khrushchev , Eisenhower and de-Stalinization </Li> <Li> 5.2 Warsaw Pact and Hungarian Revolution </Li> <Li> 5.3 Berlin ultimatum and European integration </Li> <Li> 5.4 Competition in the Third World </Li> <Li> 5.5 Sino - Soviet split </Li> <Li> 5.6 Space Race </Li> <Li> 5.7 Cuban Revolution and the Bay of Pigs Invasion </Li> <Li> 5.8 Berlin Crisis of 1961 </Li> <Li> 5.9 Cuban Missile Crisis and Khrushchev 's ouster </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Confrontation through détente ( 1962 -- 79 ) <Ul> <Li> 6.1 French withdrawal from NATO </Li> <Li> 6.2 Invasion of Czechoslovakia </Li> <Li> 6.3 Brezhnev Doctrine </Li> <Li> 6.4 Third World escalations </Li> <Li> 6.5 Sino - American rapprochement </Li> <Li> 6.6 Nixon , Brezhnev , and détente </Li> <Li> 6.7 Late 1970s deterioration of relations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 `` Second Cold War '' ( 1979 -- 85 ) <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Soviet War in Afghanistan </Li> <Li> 7.2 Reagan and Thatcher </Li> <Li> 7.3 Polish Solidarity movement and martial law </Li> <Li> 7.4 Soviet and US military and economic issues </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Final years ( 1985 -- 91 ) <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Gorbachev 's reforms </Li> <Li> 8.2 Thaw in relations </Li> <Li> 8.3 Eastern Europe breaks away </Li> <Li> 8.4 Soviet republics break away </Li> <Li> 8.5 Soviet dissolution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 9.1 In popular culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Historiography </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 13 References and further reading <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Historiography and memory </Li> <Li> 13.2 Primary sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins of the term </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Part of a series on the History of the Cold War </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origins of the Cold War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> World War II ( Hiroshima and Nagasaki ) War conferences Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Iron Curtain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cold War ( 1947 -- 53 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cold War ( 1953 -- 62 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cold War ( 1962 -- 79 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cold War ( 1979 -- 85 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cold War ( 1985 -- 91 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frozen conflicts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Timeline Conflicts Historiography </Th> </Tr> </Table> Main article : Cold war ( general term ) <P> At the end of World War II , English writer George Orwell used cold war , as a general term , in his essay `` You and the Atomic Bomb '' , published 19 October 1945 in the British newspaper Tribune . Contemplating a world living in the shadow of the threat of nuclear warfare , Orwell looked at James Burnham 's predictions of a polarized world , writing : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Looking at the world as a whole , the drift for many decades has been not towards anarchy but towards the reimposition of slavery ... James Burnham 's theory has been much discussed , but few people have yet considered its ideological implications -- that is , the kind of world - view , the kind of beliefs , and the social structure that would probably prevail in a state which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of `` cold war '' with its neighbours . </Dd> </Dl> <P> In The Observer of 10 March 1946 , Orwell wrote , `` after the Moscow conference last December , Russia began to make a ' cold war ' on Britain and the British Empire . '' </P> <P> The

The major countries involved in the Cold War were the

Who were the major countries involved in the cold war?

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published on 14 February 1887 , Eiffel said : </P> <P> Is it not true that the very conditions which give strength also conform to the hidden rules of harmony ? ... Now to what phenomenon did I have to give primary concern in designing the Tower ? It was wind resistance . Well then ! I hold that the curvature of the monument 's four outer edges , which is as mathematical calculation dictated it should be ... will give a great impression of strength and beauty , for it will reveal to the eyes of the observer the boldness of the design as a whole . </P> <P> He used graphical methods to determine the strength of the tower and empirical evidence to account for the effects of wind , rather than a mathematical formula . Close examination of the tower reveals a basically exponential shape . All parts of the tower were over-designed to ensure maximum resistance to wind forces . The top half was even assumed to have no gaps in the latticework . In the years since it was completed , engineers have put forward various mathematical hypotheses in an attempt to explain the success of the design . The most recent , devised in 2004 after letters sent by Eiffel to the French Society of Civil Engineers in 1885 were translated into English , is described as a non-linear integral equation based on counteracting the wind pressure on any point of the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point . </P> <P> The Eiffel Tower sways by up to 9 centimetres ( 3.5 in ) in the wind . </P> <H3> Accommodation </H3> Gustave Eiffel 's apartment <P> When originally built , the first level contained three restaurants -- one French , one Russian and one Flemish -- and an `` Anglo - American Bar '' . After the exposition closed , the Flemish restaurant was converted to a 250 - seat theatre . A promenade 2.6 - metre ( 8 ft 6 in ) wide ran around the outside of the first level . At the top , there were laboratories for various experiments , and a small apartment reserved for Gustave Eiffel to entertain guests , which is now open to the public , complete with period decorations and lifelike mannequins of Eiffel and some of his notable guests . </P> <P> In May 2016 , an apartment was created on the first level to accommodate four competition winners during the UEFA Euro 2016 football tournament in Paris in June . The apartment has a kitchen , two bedrooms , a lounge , and views of Paris landmarks including the Seine , the Sacre Coeur , and the Arc de Triomphe . </P> <H3> Passenger lifts </H3> <P> The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower 's history . Given the elasticity of the cables and the time taken to align the cars with the landings , each lift , in normal service , takes an average of 8 minutes and 50 seconds to do the round trip , spending an average of 1 minute and 15 seconds at each level . The average journey time between levels is 1 minute . The original hydraulic mechanism is on public display in a small museum at the base of the east and west legs . Because the mechanism requires frequent lubrication and maintenance , public access is often restricted . The rope mechanism of the north tower can be seen as visitors exit the lift . </P> <H3> Engraved names </H3> Main article : List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower Names engraved on the tower <P> Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists , engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower . Eiffel chose this `` invocation of science '' because of his concern over the artists ' protest . At the beginning of the 20th century , the engravings were painted over , but they were restored in 1986 -- 87 by the Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel , a company operating the tower . </P> <H3> Aesthetics </H3> <P> The tower is painted in three shades : lighter at the top , getting progressively darker towards the bottom to perfectly complement the Parisian sky . It was originally reddish brown ; this changed in 1968 to a bronze colour known as `` Eiffel Tower Brown '' . </P> <P> The only non-structural elements are the four decorative grill - work arches , added in Sauvestre 's sketches , which served to make the tower look more substantial and to make a more impressive entrance to the exposition . </P> <P> One of the great Hollywood movie clichés is that the view from a Parisian window always includes the tower . In reality , since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to seven storeys , only a small number of tall buildings have a clear view of the tower . </P> <H3> Maintenance </H3> <P> Maintenance of the tower includes applying 60 tons of paint every seven years to prevent it from rusting . The tower has been completely repainted at least 19 times since it was built . Lead paint was still being used as recently as 2001 when the practice was stopped out of concern for the environment . </P> Panorama of Paris and its suburbs from the top of the Eiffel Tower <H2> Tourism </H2> <H3> Transport </H3> <P> The nearest Paris Métro station is Bir - Hakeim and the nearest RER station is Champ de Mars - Tour Eiffel . The tower itself is located at the intersection of the quai Branly and the Pont d'Iéna . </P> <H3> Popularity </H3> Number of visitors per year between 1889 and 2004 <P> More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889 . In 2015 , there were 6.91 million visitors . The tower is the most - visited paid monument in the world . An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues . Tickets can be purchased online to avoid the long queues . </P> <H3> Restaurants </H3> <P> The tower has two restaurants : Le 58 Tour Eiffel on the first level , and Le Jules Verne , a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level . This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide . It is run by the multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse and owes its name to the famous science - fiction writer Jules Verne . Additionally , there is a champagne bar at the top of the Eiffel Tower . </P> <H2> Replicas </H2> Replica at the Paris Las Vegas Hotel , Nevada , United States Main article : List of Eiffel Tower replicas <P> As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world , the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of many replicas and similar towers . An early example is Blackpool Tower in England . The mayor of Blackpool , Sir John Bickerstaffe , was so impressed on seeing the Eiffel Tower at the 1889 exposition that he commissioned a similar tower to be built in his town . It opened in 1894 and is 158.1 metres ( 518 ft ) tall . Tokyo Tower in Japan , built as a communications tower in 1958 , was also inspired by the Eiffel Tower . </P> <P> There are various scale models of the tower in the United States , including a half - scale version at the Paris Las Vegas , Nevada , one in Paris , Texas built in 1993 , and two 1 : 3 scale models at Kings Island , Ohio , and Kings Dominion , Virginia , amusement parks opened in 1972 and 1975 respectively . Two 1 : 3 scale models can be found in China , one in Durango , Mexico that was donated by the local French community , and several across Europe . </P> <P> In 2011 , the TV show Pricing the Priceless on the National Geographic Channel speculated that a full - size replica of the tower would cost approximately US $480 million to build . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Communications </H2> Top of the Eiffel Tower <P> The tower has been used for making radio transmissions since the beginning of the 20th century . Until the 1950s , sets of aerial wires ran from the cupola to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars . These were connected to longwave transmitters in small bunkers . In 1909 , a permanent underground radio centre was built near the south pillar , which still exists today . On 20 November 1913 , the Paris Observatory , using the Eiffel Tower as an aerial , exchanged wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory , which used an aerial in Arlington , Virginia . The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington , D.C. Today , radio and digital television signals are transmitted from the Eiffel Tower . </P> <H3> FM radio </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Th> kW </Th> <Th> Service </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 87.8 MHz </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> France Inter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 89.0 MHz </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> RFI Paris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 89.9 MHz </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> TSF Jazz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90.4 MHz </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Nostalgie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90.9 MHz </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chante France </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Digital television </H3> <P> A television antenna was first installed on the tower in 1957 , increasing its height by 18.7 m ( 61.4 ft ) . Work carried out in 2000 added a further 5.3 m ( 17.4 ft ) , giving the current height of 324 m ( 1,063 ft ) . Analogue television signals from the Eiffel Tower ceased on 8 March 2011 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Th> VHF </Th> <Th> UHF </Th> <Th> kW </Th> <Th> Service </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 182.25 MHz </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> Canal+ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 479.25 MHz </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> France 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 503.25 MHz </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> TF1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 527.25 MHz </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> France 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 543.25 MHz </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> France 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 567.25 MHz </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> M6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Illumination copyright </H2> The Eiffel Tower illuminated in 2015 <P> The tower and its image have long been in the public domain . In June 1990 a French court ruled that a special lighting display on the tower in 1989 to mark the tower 's 100th anniversary was an `` original visual creation '' protected by copyright . The Court of Cassation , France 's judicial court of last resort , upheld the ruling in March 1992 . The Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel ( SETE ) now considers any illumination of the tower to be a separate work of art that falls under copyright . As a result , the SNTE alleges that it is illegal to publish contemporary photographs of the lit tower at night without permission in France and some other countries for commercial use . </P> <P> The imposition of copyright has been controversial . The Director of Documentation for what was then called the Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel ( SNTE ) , Stéphane Dieu , commented in 2005 : `` It is really just a way to manage commercial use of the image , so that it is n't used in ways ( of which ) we do

The main use of the Eiffel Tower in modern times is as a

What is the main use of the eiffel tower in modern times?

-1814654291537702625

Christian ethics - wikipedia <H1> Christian ethics </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article relies too much on references to primary sources . Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Depicted is the famous Sermon on the Mount of Jesus in which he commented on the Old Covenant . Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant . Painting by Carl Heinrich Bloch , Danish painter , d . 1890 . <P> Christian ethics is a branch of Christian theology that defines virtuous behavior and wrong behavior from a Christian perspective . Systematic theological study of Christian ethics is called moral theology , possibly with the name of the respective theological tradition , e.g. Catholic moral theology . </P> <P> Christian virtues are often divided into four cardinal virtues and three theological virtues . Christian ethics includes questions regarding how the rich should act toward the poor , how women are to be treated , and the morality of war . Christian ethicists , like other ethicists , approach ethics from different frameworks and perspectives . The approach of virtue ethics has also become popular in recent decades , largely due to the work of Alasdair MacIntyre and Stanley Hauerwas . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Historical development of Christian ethics <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Sources </Li> <Li> 1.2 New Testament </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early Christianity </Li> <Li> 1.4 Scholasticism and Thomism </Li> <Li> 1.5 Modern Christian ethics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Virtues and principles in Christian ethics </Li> <Li> 3 Areas of applied Christian ethics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Abortion </Li> <Li> 3.2 Alcohol </Li> <Li> 3.3 Divorce </Li> <Li> 3.4 Sexual morality and Celibacy </Li> <Li> 3.5 Homosexuality </Li> <Li> 3.6 Violence </Li> <Li> 3.7 Wealth and Poverty </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Old Testament </Li> <Li> 4.2 New Testament </Li> <Li> 4.3 Responses to criticism <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Biblical views on slavery </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Historical development of Christian ethics ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Sources ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the Wesleyan tradition , Christian theology ( and thus Christian ethics ) are informed by four distinguishable sources known as the Wesleyan Quadrilateral . The four sources are `` ( 1 ) the Bible and the Christian tradition , ( 2 ) philosophical principles and methods , ( 3 ) science and other sources of knowledge about the world , and ( 4 ) human experience broadly conceived . '' </P> <P> According to D. Stephen Long , Jewish ethics and the life of Jesus figure prominently in Christian ethics , but `` The Bible is the universal and fundamental source of specifically Christian ethics '' , Long also claims `` Christian ethics finds its source in diverse means , but it primarily emerges from the biblical narrative . '' . </P> <P> Childress and Macquarrie state that `` Many Christian ethicists have claimed that Jesus Christ is the center of the biblical message in its entirety and the key to scripture '' . Other Christian ethicists `` prefer a more Trinitarian rendering of the message of scripture '' . Some modern Christians `` understand ' liberation ' or deliverance from oppression to be the message of scripture '' . </P> <P> Although Christians today do not feel compelled to the whole of the Old Testament Law , the Ten Commandments often figure prominently in Christian ethics . </P> <P> `` The Prophets ground their appeals for right conduct in God 's demand for righteousness . '' On the other hand , `` It is not ... true to say that for the OT writers righteousness is defined by what God does ; i.e. , an act is not made righteous by the fact that God does it . Also noted as ethical guidelines adhered to by Old Testament figures is `` maintenance of the family '' , `` safeguarding of the family property '' , and `` maintenance of the community '' . </P> <H3> New Testament ( edit ) </H3> <P> Much of Christian ethics derives from Biblical scripture and Christianity have always considered the Bible profitable to teach , reprove , correct , and train in righteousness . </P> <P> The New Testament generally asserts that all morality flows from the Great Commandment , to love God with all one 's heart , mind , strength , and soul , and to love one 's neighbour as oneself . In this , Jesus was reaffirming a teachings of Deut 6 : 4 - 9 and Lev 19 : 18 . Christ united these commands together and proposed himself as a model of the love required in John 13 : 12 , known also as The New Commandment . </P> <P> Paul is also the source of the phrase `` Law of Christ '' , though its meaning and the relationship of Paul of Tarsus and Judaism are still disputed . The Pauline writings are also the major source of the New Testament household code . </P> <P> The Council of Jerusalem , as reported in Acts 15 , may have been held in Jerusalem in about 50 AD . Its decree , known as the Apostolic Decree , was held as generally binding for several centuries and is still observed today by the Greek Orthodox . </P> <H3> Early Christianity ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section may stray from the topic of the article . Please help improve this section or discuss this issue on the talk page . ( March 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Christian ethics developed during Early Christianity as Christianity arose in the Holy Land and other early centers of Christianity while Christianity emerged from Second Temple Judaism . Consequently , early Christian ethics included discussions of how believers should relate to Roman authority and to the empire . </P> <P> The Church Fathers had little occasion to treat moral questions from a purely philosophical standpoint and independently of divine revelation , but in the explanation of Christian doctrine their discussions naturally led to philosophical investigations . </P> <P> Writers , such as Justin Martyr , Irenaeus , Tertullian , Clement of Alexandria , Origen , Ambrose , Jerome , and Augustine of Hippo all wrote on ethics from a distinctly Christian point of view . They made use of philosophical and ethical principles laid down by their Greek philosopher forebears and the intersection of Greek and Jewish thought known as Hellenistic Judaism . </P> <P> Under the Emperor Constantine I ( 312 -- 337 ) , Christianity became a legal religion . With Christianity now in power , ethical concerns broadened and included discussions of the proper role of the state . </P> <P> Augustine in particular made use of the ethical principles of Greek philosophy and Hellenistic Judaism . He proceeded to develop thoroughly along philosophical lines and to establish firmly most of the truths of Christian morality . The eternal law ( lex aeterna ) , the original type and source of all temporal laws , the natural law , conscience , the ultimate end of man , the cardinal virtues , sin , marriage , etc. were treated by him in the clearest and most penetrating manner . Augustine identified a movement in Scripture `` toward the ' City of God ' , from which Christian ethics emerges '' , as illustrated in chapters 11 and 12 of the book of Genesis . Broadly speaking , Augustine adapted the philosophy of Plato to Christian principles . His synthesis is called Augustinianism ( alternatively , Augustinism ) . He presents hardly a single portion of ethics to us but what he does present is enriched with his keen philosophical commentaries . Later writers followed in his footsteps . </P> <H3> Scholasticism and thomism ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Main articles : Scholasticism and Thomism <P> A sharper line of separation between philosophy and theology , and in particular between ethics and moral theology , is first met within the works of the great Schoolmen of the Middle Ages , especially of Albertus Magnus ( 1193 -- 1280 ) , Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 -- 1274 ) , Bonaventure ( 1221 -- 1274 ) , and Duns Scotus ( 1274 -- 1308 ) . Philosophy and , by means of it , theology reaped abundant fruit from the works of Aristotle , which had until then been a sealed treasure to Western civilization , and had first been elucidated by the detailed and profound commentaries of Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas and pressed into the service of Christian philosophy . </P> <P> In his Summa Theologiae , Thomas locates ethics within the context of theology . For example , he discusses the ethics of buying and selling and concludes that although it may be legal ( according to human law ) to sell an object for more that it is worth , Divine law `` leaves nothing unpunished that is contrary to virtue . '' The question of beatitudo , perfect happiness in the possession of God , is posited as the goal of human life . Thomas also argues that the human being by reflection on human nature 's inclinations discovers a law , that is the natural law , which is `` man 's participation in the divine law . '' </P> <P> The meaning of the word love can be imprecise , so Thomas Aquinas defined `` love '' for the benefit of the Christian believer as `` to will the good of another . '' </P> <H3> Modern Christian ethics ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> After a couple centuries of stagnation , in the sixteenth century ethical questions are again made the subject of careful investigation . Writers include the Francisco de Vitoria , Dominicus Soto , Luis de Molina , Francisco Suarez , Leonardus Lessius , Juan de Lugo , Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz , and Alphonsus Liguori . Since the sixteenth century , special chairs of ethics ( moral philosophy ) have been funded in many Catholic universities . </P> <P> Among topics they discussed was the ethics of action in case of doubt , leading to the doctrine of probabilism . </P> <P> With the rejection of the doctrine of papal infallibility

The basic principle of Christian morality is that

What is the basic principle of christian morality?

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Cozonac - wikipedia <H1> Cozonac </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Cozonac <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bulgarian Kozunak with raisins , braided and sprinkled with sugar . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alternative names </Th> <Td> Bulgarian : козунак </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Course </Th> <Td> Dessert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region or state </Th> <Td> Romania Moldova Bulgaria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main ingredients </Th> <Td> Wheat flour Butter Milk Eggs Sugar Yeast Raisins Rahat Lemon zest Orange zest Walnuts Hazelnuts Vanilla Rum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cookbook : Cozonac Media : Cozonac </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Cozonac ( Romanian pronunciation : ( kozoˈnak ) ) or Kozunak ( Bulgarian : козунак , Bulgarian pronunciation : ( kozuˈnak ) ) , from Greek : κοσώνα ( ' doll ' , i.e. `` doll - shaped sweet bread '' ) , is a traditional Bulgarian and Romanian sweet leavened bread , which is a type of Stollen . It is usually prepared for Easter in Bulgaria , and mostly for every major holiday ( Christmas , Easter , New Year 's Day , Pentecost ) in Romania and Moldova . </P> <P> The dessert is also known as tsoureki ( Greek : τσουρέκι ) , شوريك ( Arabic ) , panarët ( Arbërisht ) , choreg or chorek ( Armenian : չորեկ ) , çörək ( Azerbaijani ) , or çörek ( Turkish ) . It is a sweet , egg - enriched bread , which is rooted in the cuisines of Western and Central Asia . Such rich brioche - like breads are also traditional in many other countries , such as Hungary and the Czech Republic . Examples of similar breads from other cultures include badnji kruh in Croatian cuisine , folar de páscoa in Portuguese cuisine , brioche in French cuisine , kulich in Russian cuisine , panettone in Italian cuisine , and challah in Jewish cuisine . </P> <P> Cozonac is a sweet bread , into which milk , yeast , eggs , sugar , butter , and other ingredients are mixed together and allowed to rise before baking . In Bulgaria , the kozunak is prepared by adding lemon zest to the dough mixture , just as the Romanian version . The Italian Panettone is very similar to the basic cozonac , the most visible difference being their shapes . </P> <P> In Romania , the recipes for trimmings differ rather significantly between regions . The dough is essentially similar throughout the country ; a plain sweet bread made from flour , eggs , milk , butter , sugar and salt . Depending on the region , one may add to it any of the following : raisins , rahat , grated orange or lemon zest , walnuts or hazelnuts , and vanilla or rum flavor . Cozonac may be sprinkled with poppy seeds on top . Other styles dictate the use of a filling , usually a ground walnut mixture with ground poppy seeds , cocoa powder , rum essence , or raisins . The dough is rolled flat with a pin , the filling is spread and the whole is rolled back into a shape vaguely resembling a pinwheel . In the baked product , the filling forms a swirl adding to the character of the bread . </P> <P> It was the sweet chosen to represent Romania in the Café Europe initiative of the Austrian presidency of the European Union , on Europe Day 2006 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> <P> It is possible that the first cozonac has been made in Ancient Egypt . Perhaps it was sweetened with honey and filled with seeds . The Greeks took from the Egyptians their interest in cuisine , the yeast , and the leavened doughs . Certainly the Greeks have eaten cozonac . They made it with honey , raisins and walnuts . The Greek cozonac is called plakoús ( πλακούς ) . Yeast and implicitly leavened breads , such as cozonac , were `` stolen '' from the Greeks by the Romans , where they added dried fruits to the cozonac . At first there were only two varieties called libum and placenta . Libum was a small cake , used as an offering to the gods . Later appeared versions were also consumed by people , not only by the gods . Placenta , more elaborate , is a cozonac made from cheese , raisins and peanuts , which was served with a sweet wine . Although , they took the ready - made yeast from the Greeks and the Egyptians , the Romans were the ones who discovered all the possibilities offered by the yeast added to doughs , thus becoming true masters of pastry . In the Middle Ages , European bakers often made cozonac with dried fruits , because they lasted longer . </P> <P> In Great Britain , the first recipe of cozonac appears in a cookbook in 1718 , with the recommendation to be baked in long and narrow forms , a recommendation that remains valid nowadays . The French people , those who in the 19th century added the third kind of meal , the dessert , are those who put forward the cozonac , more than others . </P> <P> Today , this dessert with a long history is prepared mainly in the southeastern European countries , especially in Romania , Moldova and Bulgaria , where it is considered a traditional food . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tsoureki </Li> <Li> Lokum </Li> <Li> Babka </Li> <Li> Brioche </Li> <Li> Challah </Li> <Li> Stollen </Li> <Li> Bread pudding </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes and references ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Толковìй словарь живаго великорусскаго язîка , Dal ' V.I. , IAS , 1869 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Coffee and Sweets </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( in Romanian ) `` Istoria cozonacului '' , Revista Flacăra , December 10 , 2010 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cozonac . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Cozonac recipes and more </Li> <Li> Cozonac with walnut </Li> <Li> Cozonac </Li> <Li> Romanian Cozonac or Colac - a Christmas Bread , mislabeled cozonac but actually a Paskha recipe </Li> <Li> Cozonac Rosenkrantz </Li> <Li> Cozonac with cocoa ( ro cozonac cu cacao ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Bread </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Types </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brown bread </Li> <Li> Chapati </Li> <Li> Flatbread </Li> <Li> Injera </Li> <Li> Multigrain bread </Li> <Li> Naan </Li> <Li> Paratha </Li> <Li> Pitta </Li> <Li> Quick </Li> <Li> Rye bread </Li> <Li> Salt - rising </Li> <Li> Sandwich bread </Li> <Li> Soda bread </Li> <Li> Sourdough </Li> <Li> Texas toast </Li> <Li> Unleavened </Li> <Li> White bread </Li> <Li> Whole wheat </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ingredients </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Baker 's yeast </Li> <Li> Barm </Li> <Li> Calcium propanoate </Li> <Li> Eggs </Li> <Li> Fat </Li> <Li> Flour </Li> <Li> Flour treatment agent </Li> <Li> Leavening agent </Li> <Li> Milk </Li> <Li> Salt </Li> <Li> Sugar </Li> <Li> Water </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equipment </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oven </Li> <Li> Bread machine </Li> <Li> Bread pan </Li> <Li> Dough scraper </Li> <Li> Farinograph </Li> <Li> Lame </Li> <Li> Peel </Li> <Li> Stand mixer </Li> <Li> Weighing scales </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Processes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Autolysis </Li> <Li> Baking </Li> <Li> Biga </Li> <Li> Chorleywood bread process </Li> <Li> Kneading </Li> <Li> Leavening </Li> <Li> Maillard reaction </Li> <Li> No - knead bread </Li> <Li> Proofing </Li> <Li> Pre-ferment </Li> <Li> Pre-slicing </Li> <Li> Sponge and dough </Li> <Li> Steaming </Li> <Li> Straight dough </Li> <Li> Vienna process </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uses </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bread crumbs </Li> <Li> Bread bowl </Li> <Li> Bread pudding </Li> <Li> Croutons </Li> <Li> French toast </Li> <Li> Stuffing </Li> <Li> Sandwiches </Li> <Li> Toast </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Breadmaking </Li> <Li> Baker percentage </Li> <Li> Bread in Europe </Li> <Li> History of bread </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> List articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> American breads </Li> <Li> Brand name breads </Li> <Li> Bread dishes </Li> <Li> Bread rolls </Li> <Li> British breads </Li> <Li> Buns </Li> <Li> Indian breads </Li> <Li> Pakistani breads </Li> <Li> Quick breads </Li> <Li> Sweet breads </Li> <Li> Toast dishes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Cuisine of Bulgaria </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beverages </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Non-alcoholic beverages </Dt> <Dd> Pekmez </Dd> <Dd> Sherbet </Dd> <Dt> Fermented Beverages </Dt> <Dd> Ayran </Dd> <Dd> Boza </Dd> <Dd> Kefir </Dd> <Dt> Beers </Dt> <Dd> Beer in Bulgaria ( main article ) </Dd> <Dd> Ariana </Dd> <Dd> Astika </Dd> <Dd> Boliarka </Dd> <Dd> Burgasko </Dd> <Dd> Kamenitza </Dd> <Dd> Ledenika </Dd> <Dd> MM </Dd> <Dd> Pirinsko </Dd> <Dd> Plevensko </Dd> <Dd> Shumensko </Dd> <Dd> Slavena </Dd> <Dd> Stolichno </Dd> <Dd> Zagorka </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Distilled beverages </Dt> <Dd> Rakia </Dd> <Dd> Konyak </Dd> <Dt> Wines </Dt> <Dd> Bulgarian wine ( main article ) </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Breads </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Katma </Li> <Li> Pita </Li> <Li> Pogacha </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appetizers and salads </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Meze ( main article ) </Li> <Li> Dolma </Li> <Li> Imam bayalda </Li> <Li> Ajvar </Li> <Li> Pindjur </Li> <Li> Lyutenitza </Li> <Li> Milk salad </Li> <Li> Kyopolou </Li> <Li> Pastirma </Li> <Li> Sarma </Li> <Li> Shopska salata </Li> <Li> Sujuk </Li> <Li> Turshiya </Li> <Li> Lukanka </Li> <Li> Bulgarian yogurt </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cheeses </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sirene </Li> <Li> Kashkaval cheese </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soups </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chorba ( main article ) </Li> <Li> Bob chorba </Li> <Li> Lentil soup </Li> <Li> Shkembe chorba </Li> <Li> Nettle soup </Li> <Li> Tarator </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dishes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Banitsa </Li> <Li> Patatnik </Li> <Li> Byurek </Li> <Li> Gyuvech </Li> <Li> Stuffed tomatoes </Li> <Li> Dry meatballs </Li> <Li> Stuffed apples </Li> <Li> Smyrna meatballs </Li> <Li> Mallow with lamb </Li> <Li> Musaka </Li> <Li> Kavarma </Li> <Li> Stuffed bell peppers </Li> <Li> Stuffed eggplants </Li> <Li> Stuffed zucchini </Li> <Li> Eggplant Papucaki </Li> <Li> Perdeli pilav </Li> <Li> Pilav </Li> <Li> Yahniya </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grilled meats </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kebab ( main article ) </Li> <Li> Dyoner kebab </Li> <Li> Kyufte </Li> <Li> Patladjanen Kebap </Li> <Li> Shish Kebap </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Desserts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bulgarian desserts ( main article ) </Li> <Li> Baklava </Li> <Li> Garash cake </Li> <Li> Halva </Li> <Li> Kurabiya </Li> <Li> Kyunefe </Li> <Li> Kompot </Li> <Li> Kozunak </Li> <Li> Lokum </Li> <Li> Mekitsa </Li> <Li> Palachinki </Li> <Li> Pekmez </Li> <Li> Pestil </Li> <Li> Tikvenik </Li> <Li> Rice pudding </Li> <Li> Tulumba </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequent ingredients </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Vegetables </Dt> <Dd> Bean </Dd> <Dd> Bell pepper </Dd> <Dd> Eggplant </Dd> <Dd> Leek </Dd> <Dd> Lentil </Dd> <Dd> Spinach </Dd> <Dd> Tomato </Dd> <Dd> Zucchini </Dd> <Dt> Herbs & Spices </Dt> <Dd> Black pepper </Dd> <Dd> Cinnamon </Dd> <Dd> Cumin </Dd> <Dd> Dried apricot </Dd> <Dd> Garlic </Dd> <Dd> Hazelnut </Dd> <Dd> Mint </Dd> <Dd> Nut </Dd> <Dd> Onion </Dd> <Dd> Oregano </Dd> <Dd> Paprika </Dd> <Dd> Parsley

In Romania, a traditional sweet leavened bread prepared for Easter is called

Sweet leavened bread prepared for easter in romania?

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An Inspector Calls - wikipedia <H1> An Inspector Calls </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the play . For other uses , see An Inspector Calls ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> An Inspector Calls </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> J.B. Priestley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date premiered </Th> <Td> 1945 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place premiered </Th> <Td> Moscow , Soviet Union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subject </Th> <Td> A mysterious inspector interrogates a wealthy English family about their responsibility for the death of a young working class factory girl . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Drama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Setting </Th> <Td> The Birlings ' home in Brumley , England ; April 1912 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> An Inspector Calls is a play written by English dramatist J.B. Priestley , first performed in 1945 in the Soviet Union and in 1946 in the UK . It is one of Priestley 's best known works for the stage , and is considered to be one of the classics of mid-20th century English theatre . The play 's success and reputation has been boosted in recent years by a successful revival by English director Stephen Daldry for the National Theatre in 1992 , and a tour of the UK in 2011 -- 2012 . </P> <P> The play is a three - act drama , which takes place on a single night in April 1912 , focusing on the prosperous upper middle - class Birling family , who live in a comfortable home in the fictional town of Brumley , `` an industrial city in the north Midlands '' . The family is visited by a man calling himself Inspector Goole , who questions the family about the suicide of a young working - class woman , Eva Smith ( also known as Daisy Renton ) . The family is interrogated and revealed to have been responsible for the young woman 's exploitation , abandonment and social ruin , effectively leading to her death . Long considered part of the repertory of classic `` drawing room '' theatre , the play has also been hailed as a scathing critique of the hypocrisies of Victorian / Edwardian English society and as an expression of Priestley 's socialist political principles . The play is studied in many schools in the UK as one of the prescribed texts for the English Literature GCSE ( General Certificate of Secondary Education ) examination . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Inspector Goole </Li> <Li> 2.2 Eva Smith / Daisy Renton </Li> <Li> 2.3 Sheila Birling </Li> <Li> 2.4 Eric Birling </Li> <Li> 2.5 Arthur Birling </Li> <Li> 2.6 Sybil Birling </Li> <Li> 2.7 Gerald Croft </Li> <Li> 2.8 Edna </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Criticism and interpretation </Li> <Li> 4 Productions </Li> <Li> 5 Adaptations <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Film </Li> <Li> 5.2 Television </Li> <Li> 5.3 Radio and audio </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> At the Birlings ' home in April 1912 , Arthur Birling - a wealthy mill owner and local politician - and his family are celebrating the engagement of daughter Sheila to Gerald Croft , the son of one of Birling 's competitors , Croft Limited . In attendance are Arthur 's wife Sybil and their adult children Sheila and Eric . Eric , the younger , has a drinking problem that is discreetly ignored . After dinner , Arthur speaks about the importance of self - reliance . He talks about his impending knighthood and about how `` a man has to look after himself and his own . '' </P> <P> A man calling himself Inspector Goole arrives , interrupting the evening and explaining that a woman called Eva Smith has killed herself by drinking strong disinfectant . He implies that she has left a diary naming names , including members of the Birling family . Goole produces a photograph of Eva and shows it to Arthur , who acknowledges that she worked in one of his mills . He admits that he dismissed her from Birling & Co. 18 months ago for her involvement in an abortive workers ' strike . He denies responsibility for her death . </P> <P> Sheila enters the room and is drawn into the discussion . After prompting from Goole , she admits to recognising Eva as well . She confesses that Eva served her in a department store , Milwards , and Sheila contrived to have her fired for an imagined slight . She admits that Eva 's behaviour had been blameless and that the firing was motivated solely by Sheila 's jealousy and spite towards a pretty working - class woman . </P> <P> Sybil enters the room and Goole continues his interrogation , revealing that Eva was also known as Daisy Renton . Gerald starts at the mention of the name and Sheila becomes suspicious . Gerald admits that he met a woman by that name in the Palace Bar . He gave her money and arranged to see her again . Goole reveals that Gerald had installed Eva as his mistress , and gave her money and promises of continued support before ending the relationship . Arthur and Sybil are horrified . As an ashamed Gerald exits the room , Sheila acknowledges his nature and credits him for speaking truthfully but also signals that their engagement is over by handing the ring , that Gerald had bought for her , back to him . </P> <P> Goole identifies Sybil as the head of a women 's charity to which Eva had turned for help . Despite Sybil 's haughty responses , she eventually admits that Eva , pregnant and destitute , had asked the committee for financial aid . Sybil had convinced the committee that the girl was a liar and that her application should be denied . Despite vigorous cross-examination from Goole , Sybil denies any wrongdoing . Sheila begs her mother not to continue , but Goole plays his final card , making Sybil declare that the `` drunken young man '' who had made Eva pregnant should give a `` public confession , accepting all the blame '' . Eric enters the room , and after brief questioning from Goole , he breaks down , admitting that he drunkenly raped Eva before meeting up with her several times later and then stole £ 50 ( equivalent to $4,464 in 2015 ) from his father 's business to help her when she became pregnant . Arthur and Sybil are upset by this , and the evening dissolves into angry recriminations . </P> <P> The implication resulting from Goole 's questioning is that each of the people there that evening had contributed to Eva 's despondency and suicide . He reminds the Birlings that actions have consequences , and that all people are intertwined in one society , saying , `` If men will not learn that lesson , then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish '' , alluding to the impending World War . Goole then leaves . </P> <P> Gerald returns , telling the family that there may be no `` Inspector Goole '' on the police force . Arthur makes a call to the Chief Constable , who confirms this . Gerald points out that as Goole was lying about being a policeman , there may be no dead girl . Placing a second call to the local infirmary , Gerald determines that no recent cases of suicide have been reported . The elder Birlings and Gerald celebrate , with Arthur dismissing the evening 's events as `` moonshine '' and `` bluffing '' . The younger Birlings , however , still realise the error of their ways and promise to change . Gerald is keen to resume his engagement to Sheila , but she is reluctant , since he still admitted to having had an affair . </P> <P> The play ends abruptly with a telephone call , taken by Arthur , who reports that a young woman has died , a suspected case of suicide by disinfectant , and that the local police are on their way to question the Birlings . The true identity of Goole is never explained , but it is clear that the family 's confessions over the course of the evening are true , and that they will be disgraced publicly when news of their involvement in Eva 's demise is revealed . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Inspector Goole ( edit ) </H3> <P> A mysterious interrogator who introduces himself as `` Inspector Goole '' , claiming that he has seen the dead body of Eva Smith / Daisy Renton earlier that day after her slow and painful suicide by swallowing disinfectant , and that he has been given `` a duty '' to investigate the Birlings ' responsibility for her death . He makes a brief reference to a diary left by Eva / Daisy although this is never seen or explicitly referred to . Throughout the play , it is suggested that Goole knows everything about Eva / Daisy 's life and the Birlings ' involvement in her death , and is interrogating the family solely to reveal their guilt rather than to discover unknown information . Both during and after his interrogation of the family , the Birlings query whether he is actually a real inspector , and a phone call made by Mr. Birling to the local police station reveals that there is no Inspector Goole in the local police force . Many critics and audiences have interpreted Goole 's role as an `` avenging angel '' or a supernatural being because of his unexplained omniscience , his prophetic final speech in which he says that humanity will learn its lesson in `` fire and blood and anguish '' ( referring to the First World War , two years after the setting of the play 1912 ) and even because of his name , which is a homophone for the word `` ghoul '' ( meaning `` ghost '' ) and is also the name of a seaside town ( which could possibly be a reference to the time period in the play when Eva Smith stays in a seaside town with money that Gerald Croft had given her ) . It is suggested in the final scene that Goole 's interrogation of the family will foreshadow a further interrogation to follow by the `` real '' police force , and that Goole 's purpose has been to warn the family in advance and encourage them to accept responsibility and repent for their bad behaviour , like The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come . Goole also forces the characters to question their very own lives , and if the ones they were living were true . In addition he also feels a responsibility to make the Birling family feel guilty for their actions . His identity remains ambiguous throughout the play . </P> <H3> Eva Smith / Daisy Renton ( edit ) </H3> <P> She is the unseen working class woman whom Goole claims has committed suicide whilst pregnant with Eric Birling 's baby , and who has been mistreated by each member of the Birling family and by Gerald Croft . Through reports from other characters , she is described as `` pretty '' with soft brown hair and big dark eyes , and it is explained that she has no family and must work for her living . Her beauty is commented on by all the characters . Her beauty attracts both Gerald and Eric to her , with Eric sexually exploiting her . Sheila comments disparagingly that Eva looked prettier when she wore a certain dress than Sheila did herself , and seems

The play "An Inspector Calls" is

What is the meaning behind an inspector calls?

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Angel of the North - wikipedia <H1> Angel of the North </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Angel of the North </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Angel of the North , October 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location within Tyne and Wear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Artwork </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Low Eighton , Gateshead , NE9 United Kingdom NE9 7TY </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 54 ° 54 ′ 54 '' N 1 ° 35 ′ 24 '' W  /  54.915 ° N 1.59 ° W  / 54.915 ; - 1.59 Coordinates : 54 ° 54 ′ 54 '' N 1 ° 35 ′ 24 '' W  /  54.915 ° N 1.59 ° W  / 54.915 ; - 1.59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 75 metres ( 246.1 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction started </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Completed </Th> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height </Th> <Td> 20 metres ( 65.6 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Design and construction </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Architect </Th> <Td> Antony Gormley ( artist ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Structural engineer </Th> <Td> Ove Arup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main contractor </Th> <Td> Hartlepool Steel Fabrications </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Angel of the North is a contemporary sculpture , designed by Antony Gormley , located in Gateshead in Tyne and Wear , England . </P> <P> Completed in 1998 , it is a steel sculpture of an angel , 20 metres ( 66 ft ) tall , with wings measuring 54 metres ( 177 ft ) across . The wings do not stand straight sideways , but are angled 3.5 degrees forward ; Gormley did this to create `` a sense of embrace '' . </P> <P> It stands on the hill of Birtley , at Low Eighton in Lamesley , overlooking the A1 and A167 roads into Tyneside , and the East Coast Main Line rail route , south of the site of Team Colliery . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Concept </Li> <Li> 2 Construction </Li> <Li> 3 Maquettes </Li> <Li> 4 Other projects </Li> <Li> 5 Photo gallery </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Concept ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to Gormley , the significance of an angel was three-fold : first , to signify that beneath the site of its construction , coal miners worked for two centuries ; second , to grasp the transition from an industrial to an information age , and third , to serve as a focus for our evolving hopes and fears . </P> <H2> Construction ( edit ) </H2> <P> Work began on the project in 1994 , and cost £ 800,000 . Most of the project funding was provided by the National Lottery . The Angel was finished on 16 February 1998 . </P> <P> Due to its exposed location , the sculpture was built to withstand winds of over 100 mph ( 160 km / h ) . Thus , foundations containing 600 tonnes ( 590 long tons ; 660 short tons ) of concrete anchor the sculpture to rock 70 feet ( 21 m ) below . The sculpture was built at Hartlepool Steel Fabrications Ltd using COR - TEN weather - resistant steel . It was made in three parts -- with the body weighing 100 tonnes ( 98 long tons ; 110 short tons ) and two wings weighing 50 tonnes ( 49 long tons ; 55 short tons ) each -- then brought to its site by road . It took five hours for the body to be transported from its construction site in Hartlepool , up the A19 road to the site . </P> <P> The Angel aroused some controversy in British newspapers , at first , including a `` Gateshead stop the statue '' campaign , while local councillor Martin Callanan was especially strong in his opposition . However , it has since been considered to be a landmark for North East England and has been listed by one organisation as an `` Icon of England '' . It has often been used in film and television to represent Tyneside , as are other local landmarks such as the Tyne Bridge and the Gateshead Millennium Bridge . </P> <P> The sculpture is also humorously known by some local people as the `` Gateshead Flasher '' , because of its location and appearance . </P> <H2> Maquettes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several maquettes were produced during the development stage of the project . A life - size model from which the sculpture was created was sold at auction for £ 2.28 million in July 2008 . An additional bronze maquette used in fundraising in the 1990s , owned by Gateshead Council , was valued at £ 1 million on the BBC show Antiques Roadshow on 16 November 2008 -- the most valuable item ever appraised on the programme . In 2011 German fashion designer Wolfgang Joop sold his life - size maquette ( previously kept in the garden of his mansion in Potsdam , Germany ) at an auction at Christie 's in London for £ 3.4 m to an anonymous bidder . Another maquette was donated to the National Gallery of Australia in 2009 , and stands in its Sculpture Garden . </P> <H2> Other projects ( edit ) </H2> <P> Inspired by the Angel of the North , several similar projects have been proposed . The Angel of the South title has been given by some to the Willow Man , which sits to the side of the M5 in Somerset , while a project , informally named the Angel of the South , has been proposed in Ebbsfleet , Kent . The sculpture Brick Man ( also by Gormley ) was proposed for the Holbeck area of Leeds . </P> <H2> Photo gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> <P> Detail of the Angel 's body </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Rear view of Angel of the North ( man - size maquette ) at the National Gallery of Australia </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A Lego model of Angel of the North in Miniland </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Angel of the West ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Angel of the South </Li> <Li> Angel of the North statue ( 2009 ) statue by Banksy </Li> <Li> List of statues by height </Li> <Li> Wicker man </Li> <Li> Star of Caledonia </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Facts '' . Gateshead.gov.uk . Retrieved 18 October 2010 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The Angel of the North > Background '' . Gateshead Council . Archived from the original on 29 March 2007 . Retrieved 9 March 2007 . Gormley said of the Angel : `` ... The effect of the piece is in the alertness , the awareness of space and the gesture of the wings -- they are not flat , they 're about 3.5 degrees forward and give a sense of embrace . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Durham Mining Museum . `` Durham Mining Museum -- 1951 Durham Map 23 '' . Dmm-gallery.org.uk . Retrieved 18 October 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Angel facts '' . Gateshead council . 16 February 1998 . Retrieved 16 June 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The angel has landed '' . BBC . 16 February 1998 . Retrieved 9 March 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Angel of the North '' . AboutBritain.com . Archived from the original on 4 April 2007 . Retrieved 9 March 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Icons of England '' . Icons.org.uk . Retrieved 18 October 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Higgins , Charlotte ( 27 September 2010 ) . `` Antony Gormley '' . Guardian . London . Archived from the original on 30 August 2010 . Retrieved 28 September 2010 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Angel of the north is one in a million '' . Gateshead Council . 17 November 2008 . Retrieved 19 November 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Buyer pays £ 2.3 m for Angel model '' . BBC . 2008 - 07 - 02 . Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 04 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Antiques Roadshow finds £ 1m Angel '' . BBC News . 16 November 2008 . Retrieved 1 January 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Joop lets his angel fly '' . BILD. 23 October 2011 . Retrieved 25 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Antony Gormley 's ' Angel of North ' sold at auction '' . BBC . 15 October 2011 . Retrieved 25 August 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Angel of the North ( life - size maquette ) 1996 '' . Collection search . National Gallery of Australia . Retrieved 6 January 2013 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angel of the North . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Gateshead Council 's Angel of the North website </Li> <Li> Angel of the North -- Antony Gormley 's official website </Li> <Li> The Angel of the North at icons.org , featuring pictures of the sculpture under construction </Li> <Li> `` In praise of ... the Angel of the North '' . The Guardian . London . 30 January 2008 . Archived from the original on 31 January 2008 . Retrieved 7 February 2008 . </Li> <Li> Photo showing a maquette in the garden of German fashion designer Wolfgang Joop 's mansion ' Villa Wunderkind ' in Potsdam , Germany </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Antony Gormley </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sculptures </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Angel of the North </Li> <Li> Another Place </Li> <Li> Brick Man </Li> <Li> Event Horizon </Li> <Li> Field </Li> <Li> Havmannen </Li> <Li> Horizon Field </Li> <Li> Horizon Field Hamburg </Li> <Li> Iron : Man </Li> <Li> One & Other </Li> <Li> Quantum Cloud </Li> <Li> Stay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Places in Tyne and Wear </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gateshead </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Bensham </Li> <Li> Birtley </Li> <Li> Blaydon </Li> <Li> Carr Hill </Li> <Li> Chopwell </Li> <Li> Deckham </Li> <Li> Dunston </Li> <Li> Felling </Li> <Li> Kibblesworth </Li> <Li> Lamesley </Li> <Li> Low Fell </Li> <Li> Pelaw </Li> <Li> Rowlands Gill </Li> <Li> Ryton </Li> <Li> Sheriff Hill </Li> <Li> Team Valley </Li> <Li> Whickham </Li> <Li> Windy Nook </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> City of Newcastle upon Tyne </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gosforth </Li> <Li> Newcastle upon Tyne </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Arthurs Hill </Li> <Li> Battlefield </Li> <Li> Benwell </Li> <Li> Black Callerton </Li> <Li> Blakelaw </Li> <Li> Blucher </Li> <Li> Brunswick </Li> <Li> Byker </Li> <Li> Chapel House </Li> <Li> City Centre </Li> <Li> Cochrane Park </Li> <Li> Cowgate </Li> <Li> Coxlodge </Li> <Li> Dene </Li> <Li> Denton </Li> <Li> Denton Burn </Li> <Li> Dinnington </Li> <Li> East Denton </Li> <Li> Elswick </Li> <Li> Fairways </Li> <Li> Fawdon </Li> <Li> Fenham </Li> <Li> Great Park </Li> <Li> Haymarket </Li> <Li> Hazlerigg </Li> <Li> Heaton </Li> <Li> High Heaton </Li> <Li> Jesmond </Li> <Li> Kenton </Li> <Li> Kingston Park </Li> <Li> Lemington </Li> <Li> Manors </Li> <Li> Newburn </Li> <Li> North Kenton </Li> <Li> Ouseburn </Li> <Li> Parklands </Li> <Li> Sandyford </Li> <Li> Scotswood </Li> <Li> Shieldfield </Li> <Li> Slatyford </Li> <Li> South Gosforth </Li> <Li> Spital Tongues </Li> <Li> Throckley </Li> <Li> Walbottle </Li> <Li> Walker </Li> <Li>

The Angel of the North was placed at its location

Why is the angel of the north there?

8646202690650801918

Betty Lynn - wikipedia <H1> Betty Lynn </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Betty Lynn </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Betty Lynn and Ian Oliver Martin in 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Elizabeth Ann Theresa Lynn ( 1926 - 08 - 29 ) August 29 , 1926 ( age 91 ) Kansas City , Missouri , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Betty Ann Lynn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1948 - 2006 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Elizabeth Ann Theresa `` Betty '' Lynn ( born August 29 , 1926 ) is a former American actress . She is best known for her role as Thelma Lou , Deputy Barney Fife 's girlfriend , on The Andy Griffith Show . She is the last surviving multi-season regular adult cast member from that series . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 USO tour </Li> <Li> 3 Acting career </Li> <Li> 4 Personal life </Li> <Li> 5 Honors </Li> <Li> 6 Filmography </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Betty Lynn was born in Kansas City , Missouri , Her mother , Elizabeth Ann Lynn , was `` an accomplished mezzo - soprano '' who taught Betty to sing and started her in the Kansas City Conservatory of Music when she was 5 years old . </P> <P> Lynn had little personal contact with her father , who once threatened to shoot her mother in the abdomen when she was pregnant with Lynn . After Lynn 's birth , her mother once took shelter in a locked closet with the baby as her husband threatened the two . They divorced when Lynn was 5 years old . Lynn 's grandfather , George Andrew Lynn , a railroad engineer , took on the role of father as she grew up . </P> <H2> USO tour ( edit ) </H2> <P> When she was 17 , Lynn auditioned to participate in United Service Organizations entertainment . At 18 she was part of a USO tour in the China Burma India Theater . She realized the gravity of the situation when a Marine gave her a pistol saying , `` You might need this . '' Her activities on the tour included visiting patients in hospitals and singing requests from a repertoire of 725 songs . She also met recently released prisoners of war from Rangoon , and she was told by a doctor , `` Most of them will be out of their minds in six months . '' </P> <H2> Acting career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Betty Lynn began her acting career in radio as a member of the cast on a daytime drama on a station in Kansas City . On Broadway , she acted in Walk with Music ( 1940 ) and Oklahoma ! ( 1943 ) . She was discovered in a Broadway production by Darryl F. Zanuck and signed to 20th Century Fox . A clause in her contract allowed the studio to drop her at six - month intervals , leading to recurring concerns for Lynn . She said , `` I was a redhead with freckles and did n't have a bosom . I prayed so hard they 'd keep picking me up . '' </P> <P> Lynn made her film debut in the 1948 film Sitting Pretty opposite Robert Young . That same year , she appeared in June Bride with Bette Davis followed by roles in Mother Is a Freshman ( 1949 ) , Cheaper by the Dozen ( 1950 ) , and Payment on Demand ( 1951 ) . </P> <P> Lynn replaced Patricia Kirkland in the role of Betty Blake in the CBS comedy , The Egg and I ( 1951 - 1952 ) , and she played Pearl in the ABC comedy Love That Jill ( 1958 ) . She was Viola Slaughter in the ABC Western Texas John Slaughter ( 1958 - 1962 ) . In the 1953 -- 1954 television season , Lynn was cast as June Wallace , the sister - in - law of the Ray Bolger character in the ABC sitcom Where 's Raymond ? Allyn Joslyn played her husband , Jonathan Wallace . Lynn and Joslyn left the series in its second season when it was renamed The Ray Bolger Show . </P> <P> After guest - starring on various television series , including Schlitz Playhouse of Stars , The Gale Storm Show , Sugarfoot , and Markham , Lynn won the role of Thelma Lou on The Andy Griffith Show . She portrayed the role regularly from 1961 until 1965 , then made a final guest appearance in one episode during the sixth season ( 1965 -- 1966 ) . Following the end of The Andy Griffith Show , Lynn continued appearing in various television and film roles . In 1986 , she reprised the role of Thelma Lou in the reunion television movie Return to Mayberry in which Thelma Lou and Barney Fife were finally married . In 2006 , Lynn retired from acting and relocated to Mount Airy , North Carolina , the hometown of Andy Griffith and the town on which Mayberry is believed to have been based despite Griffith 's repeated denials . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1950 , Lynn bought a house in Los Angeles , with her mother and grandparents moving in . She thus took on the off - screen roles of breadwinner and caretaker . </P> <Ul> <Li> Betty Lynn </Li> <Li> <P> Giovanna Rayburn left and Randy Rayburn Right with Betty Lynn `` Thelma Lou '' Mount Airey NC </P> </Li> </Ul> <P> Betty Lynn has never married , although she has said she was once engaged . She makes monthly appearances at the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy to sign autographs and meet with her fans . </P> <H2> Honors ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 2007 , Lynn was inducted into the Missouri Walk of Fame , located in Marshfield , Missouri , and is still `` The Cats '' . </P> <P> On August 30 , 2016 , then - North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory granted and North Carolina Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest presented Lynn with the Order of the Long Leaf Pine , the highest civilian honor in North Carolina . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <P> 1951 Payment on Demand ( 1951 ) Martha Ramsey </P> <Table> Film <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Apartment for Peggy </Td> <Td> Wife </Td> <Td> Credited as Betty Ann Lynn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sitting Pretty </Td> <Td> Ginger </Td> <Td> Credited as Betty Ann Lynn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> June Bride </Td> <Td> Babara Brinker </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> Father Was a Fullback </Td> <Td> Constance `` Connie '' Cooper </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> Cheaper by the Dozen </Td> <Td> Deborah Lancaster </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> Take Care of My Little Girl </Td> <Td> Marge Colby </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> Meet Me in Las Vegas </Td> <Td> Young Bride </Td> <Td> Alternative title : Viva Las Vegas ! </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Louisiana Hussy </Td> <Td> Lili Guillot </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Television <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> M Squad </Td> <Td> Susan Baines </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Trap '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Lawman </Td> <Td> Edna Phillips </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Oath '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Wagon Train </Td> <Td> Molly Richardson </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Dick Richardson Story '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Bronco </Td> <Td> Molly Bailey </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Baron of Broken Lace '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Tales of Wells Fargo </Td> <Td> Mary Francis </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Bounty Hunter '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Mickey Spillane 's Mike Hammer </Td> <Td> Mona </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Pen Pals '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Sugarfoot </Td> <Td> Sarah Sears </Td> <Td> Episode `` The Royal Raiders '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> Sugarfoot </Td> <Td> Alice Fenton </Td> <Td> Episode `` The Twister '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 - 1966 </Td> <Td> The Andy Griffith Show </Td> <Td> Thelma Lou </Td> <Td> 26 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> National Velvet </Td> <Td> Barbara Howard </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Mi 's Girl '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> The Farmer 's Daughter </Td> <Td> Sylvia </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Speechmaker : Part 2 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> The Smothers Brothers Show </Td> <Td> Vera </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Here Comes the Bridegroom '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 -- 1970 </Td> <Td> My Three Sons </Td> <Td> Janet / Janice ; Lois </Td> <Td> 7 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 -- 1968 </Td> <Td> Family Affair </Td> <Td> Miss Lee </Td> <Td> 4 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> The Mod Squad </Td> <Td> Mrs. Hill </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Healer '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Little House on the Prairie </Td> <Td> Bridget </Td> <Td> Episode : `` If I Should Wake Before I Die '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Barnaby Jones </Td> <Td> Mrs. Russell </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Blind Jeopardy '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Matlock </Td> <Td> Sarah </Td> <Td> 4 episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Oby , Jenny ( 2017 ) . Lakewood Theatre . Arcadia Publishing . p. 103 . ISBN 9781467125949 . Retrieved 24 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Robinson , Dale ; Fernandes , David ( 1996 ) . The Definitive Andy Griffith Show Reference : Episode - by - Episode , With Cast and Production Biographies and a Guide to Collectibles . McFarland . p. 267 . ISBN 0 - 7864 - 0136 - 2 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Collura , Joe ( September 2017 ) . `` Betty Lynn : Barney 's Thelma Lou '' . Classic Images ( 507 ) : 68 -- 71 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Washburn , Mark ( August 28 , 2016 ) . `` The secret life of Mayberry 's Thelma Lou '' . Miami Herald . Archived from the original on 24 October 2017 . Retrieved 25 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Betty Lynn Started Acting At Early Age '' . Biddeford - Saco Journal . Maine , Biddeford. April 14 , 1952 . p. 12 . Retrieved October 25 , 2017 -- via Newspapers.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Betty Lynn '' . Playbill Vault . Playbill . Archived from the original on 25 October 2017 . Retrieved 25 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Breed , Allen G. ( 2007 - 09 - 28 ) . `` ' Thelma Lou ' moves to Mount Airy after L.A. break - ins '' . news-record.com . Archived from the original on 2012 - 02 - 13 . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 10 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Betty Lynn on IMDb </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Terrace , Vincent ( 2011 ) . Encyclopedia of Television Shows , 1925 through 2010 ( 2nd ed . ) . Jefferson , N.C. : McFarland & Company , Inc. , Publishers . p. 300 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7864 - 6477 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up

The role of Thelma Lou in the Andy Griffith Show was played by

Who played thelma lou in andy griffith show?

-5864856625806411702

List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu - Wikipedia <H1> List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Incumbent Edappadi K. Palaniswami since 16 February 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appointer </Th> <Td> Governor of Tamil Nadu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inaugural holder </Th> <Td> A. Subbarayalu Reddiar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> 17 December 1920 </Td> </Tr> </Table> The state of Tamil Nadu in India has an electorate of more than 70 million people ( 7 crores ) <P> The complete list of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu consists of the heads of government in the history of the state of Tamil Nadu in India since 1920 . The area under the present - day state of Tamil Nadu has been part of different territorial configurations under Madras Presidency and Madras State in its history . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Madras Presidency </Li> <Li> 1.2 Madras State </Li> <Li> 1.3 Tamil Nadu </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Records </Li> <Li> 3 Footnotes and References </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Madras Presidency ( edit ) </H3> Madras Presidency in 1909 , southern portion <P> The Madras Presidency , headquartered in Fort St. George , was a province of British India that comprised present day Tamil Nadu , the Malabar region of North Kerala , the coastal and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh , and the Bellary , Dakshina Kannada , and Udupi districts of Karnataka . It was established in 1653 to be the headquarters of the English settlements on the Coromandel Coast . </P> <P> The territory under the presidency comprised only Madraspatnam and surrounding regions . But , after the Anglo - French wars and the consequent alliance between the English East India Company and the Nawab of Arcot , it was expanded to comprise the region from Northern Circars to Cape Comorin . Alongside , the governance structure also evolved from a modest secretariat with a single secretary for the Public Department in 1670 to six departments overseen by a Chief Secretary by 1920 . With the enactment of Government of India Act 1919 , the first legislature was formed in 1920 after general elections . The term of the legislative council was three years . It had 132 members of whom 34 were nominated by the Governor and the rest were elected . </P> <P> Under the Government of India Act 1935 , a bicameral legislature was set up with a legislative assembly consisting of 215 members and a legislative council having 56 members . The first legislative assembly under this act was constituted in July 1937 . The legislative council was a permanent body with a third of its members retiring every three years . </P> <P> In 1939 , the British government declared India 's entrance into World War II without consulting provincial governments . The Indian National Congress protested by asking all its elected representatives to resign from the governments . Congress came back to power in 1946 after new provincial elections . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> # </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Took office </Th> <Th> Left office </Th> <Th> Term </Th> <Th> Political party </Th> <Th> Election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> A. Subbarayalu Reddiar </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 17 December 1920 </Td> <Td> 11 July 1921 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 206 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> <Td> 1920 Madras Legislative Council Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Raja of Panagal </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 July 1921 </Td> <Td> 11 September 1923 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 792 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Raja of Panagal </Td> <Td> 19 November 1923 </Td> <Td> 4 December 1926 </Td> <Td> 2nd ( 1,111 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> <Td> 1923 Madras Legislative Council Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> P. Subbarayan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 December 1926 </Td> <Td> 27 October 1930 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 1,423 days ) </Td> <Td> Unaffiliated </Td> <Td> 1926 Madras Legislative Council Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> B. Munuswamy Naidu </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 27 October 1930 </Td> <Td> 5 November 1932 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 740 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> <Td> 1930 Madras Legislative Council Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Ramakrishna Ranga Rao ( Raja of Bobbilli ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 November 1932 </Td> <Td> 5 November 1934 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 730 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Ramakrishna Ranga Rao </Td> <Td> 5 November 1934 </Td> <Td> 4 April 1936 </Td> <Td> 2nd ( 516 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> <Td> 1934 Madras Legislative Council Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> P.T. Rajan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 April 1936 </Td> <Td> 24 August 1936 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 142 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> Ramakrishna Ranga Rao </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24 August 1936 </Td> <Td> 1 April 1937 </Td> <Td> 3rd ( 220 days ) </Td> <Td> Justice Party </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1 April 1937 </Td> <Td> 14 July 1937 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 104 days ) </Td> <Td> Interim provisional ministry </Td> <Td> 1937 Madras Legislative Assembly Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> C. Rajagopalachari </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 July 1937 </Td> <Td> 29 October 1939 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 837 days ) </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> - </Td> <Td> Governor 's Rule </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 29 October 1939 </Td> <Td> 30 April 1946 </Td> <Td> ( 2,375 days ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Tanguturi Prakasam </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 April 1946 </Td> <Td> 23 March 1947 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 327 days ) </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> 1946 Madras Legislative Assembly Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> O.P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 March 1947 </Td> <Td> 6 April 1949 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 745 days ) </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> P.S. Kumaraswamy Raja </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 April 1949 </Td> <Td> 26 January 1950 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 295 days ) </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Madras state ( edit ) </H3> Map of southern India showing the Madras State in yellow before the reorganisation of 1956 <P> Madras State , precursor to the present day state of Tamil Nadu , was created after India became a republic on 26 January 1950 . It comprised present - day Tamil Nadu and parts of present - day Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka and Kerala . The first legislature of the Madras State to be elected on the basis of universal suffrage was constituted on 1 March 1952 , after the general elections held in January 1952 . </P> <P> The state was split up along linguistic lines in 1953 , carving out Andhra State . Under the States Reorganisation Act , 1956 , the States of Kerala , and Mysore were carved out of the Madras state . Under the implementation of the Andhra Pradesh and Madras Alteration of Boundaries Act , 1959 , with effect from 1 April 1960 , Tirutani taluk and Pallipattu sub-taluk of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were transferred to Madras State in exchange for territories from the Chingelput and Salem Districts . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> # </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Took office </Th> <Th> Left office </Th> <Th> Term </Th> <Th> Political party </Th> <Th> Election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> P.S. Kumaraswamy Raja </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 26 January 1950 </Td> <Td> 10 April 1952 </Td> <Td> 2nd ( 805 days ) </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> <Td> 1946 Madras Legislative Assembly Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> C. Rajagopalachari </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 April 1952 </Td> <Td> 13 April 1954 </Td> <Td> 2nd ( 733 days ) </Td> <Td> 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> K. Kamaraj </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 April 1954 </Td> <Td> 31 March 1957 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 1,083 days ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 13 April 1957 </Td> <Td> 1 March 1962 </Td> <Td> 2nd ( 1,783 days ) </Td> <Td> 1957 Madras Legislative Assembly Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 15 March 1962 </Td> <Td> 2 October 1963 </Td> <Td> 3rd ( 566 days ) </Td> <Td> 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly Election </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> M. Bakthavatsalam </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 October 1963 </Td> <Td> 6 March 1967 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 1,251 days ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> C.N. Annadurai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 March 1967 </Td> <Td> 14 January 1969 </Td> <Td> 1st ( 680 days ) </Td> <Td> DMK </Td> <Td> 1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H3> Tamil Nadu ( edit ) </H3> The political state of Tamil Nadu in India was created in 1969 when erstwhile Madras State was renamed <P> Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu ( Tamil for Tamil country ) on 14 January 1969 . The legislative assembly adopted a resolution on 14 May 1986 , to abolish the legislative council . Thereafter , the legislative council was abolished through an act of Parliament named the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council ( Abolition ) Act , 1986 with effect from 1 November 1986 . The state legislature is unicameral , and consists of 235 members including one nominated member . </P> <P> The Chief Minister commands most of the executive powers while the Governor has a largely ceremonial role . The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu , like other Chief Ministers of India , is elected by legislators of the political party or the coalition which commands a simple majority in the legislative assembly . The tenure of the Chief Minister extends as long as he or she enjoys the confidence of the assembly . The incumbent shall vacate the office in the event of a successful motion of no confidence . Also , the President of India , acting under the recommendations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Government of India , can dismiss an elected government using certain provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India . In 1976 , Karunanidhi 's government was dismissed and President 's rule was imposed on the grounds of corruption . If a vacancy is caused to the office of the Chief Minister due to death , demitting , or dismissal , the Governor can invite another person to form the government and request him or her to move a confidence - seeking motion in the Assembly . In the event of no one enjoying majority support , the Assembly is either dissolved or put in suspended animation and the state comes under President 's rule or a caretaker government until fresh elections are held for the assembly . The incumbent shall be disqualified if convicted of a criminal offence with a jail sentence of two years or more . In 2014 , Jayalalithaa lost her post due to a special court sentencing her to four years of prison term in the disproportionate assets case . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> # </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Took office </Th> <Th> Left office </Th> <Th> Term </Th> <Th> Political party </Th> <Th> Election </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> C.N. Annadurai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 January

According to Wikipedia, one of the chief ministers of Tamil Nadu was

Chief ministers of tamil nadu mentioned on wikipedia?

-3573392112612030278

Arjuna Award - wikipedia <H1> Arjuna Award </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Arjuna Award </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Civilian award for outstanding individual achievements in National Sports </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsored by </Th> <Td> Govt. of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reward ( s ) </Th> <Td> ₹ 500,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First awarded </Th> <Td> 1961 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last awarded </Th> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Highlights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total awarded </Th> <Td> 700 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Official website </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ← Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports , Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports . Started in 1961 , the award carries a cash prize of ₹ 500,000 , a bronze statue of Arjuna and a scroll . </P> <P> Over the years the scope of the award has been expanded and a large number of sports persons who belonged to the pre-Arjuna Award era were also included in the list . Further , the number of disciplines for which the award is given was increased to include indigenous games and the physically handicapped category . </P> <P> The Government revises the criteria for the Arjuna Award over the years . As per the revised guidelines , to be eligible for the Award , a sportsperson should not only have had good performance consistently for the previous four years at the international level with excellence for the year for which the Award is recommended , but should also have shown qualities of leadership , sportsmanship and a sense of discipline . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Archery </Li> <Li> 3 Athletics </Li> <Li> 4 Badminton </Li> <Li> 5 Ball Badminton </Li> <Li> 6 Basketball </Li> <Li> 7 Billiards & Snooker </Li> <Li> 8 Boxing </Li> <Li> 9 Carrom </Li> <Li> 10 Chess </Li> <Li> 11 Cricket </Li> <Li> 12 Cycling </Li> <Li> 13 Equestrian </Li> <Li> 14 Football </Li> <Li> 15 Golf </Li> <Li> 16 Gymnastics </Li> <Li> 17 Hockey </Li> <Li> 18 Judo </Li> <Li> 19 Kabaddi </Li> <Li> 20 Lawn Tennis </Li> <Li> 21 Roller Skating </Li> <Li> 22 Rowing </Li> <Li> 23 Polo </Li> <Li> 24 Shooting </Li> <Li> 25 Squash </Li> <Li> 26 Swimming </Li> <Li> 27 Table Tennis </Li> <Li> 28 Volleyball </Li> <Li> 29 Weightlifting </Li> <Li> 30 Wrestling </Li> <Li> 31 Wushu </Li> <Li> 32 Yachting </Li> <Li> 33 References </Li> <Li> 34 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> From the year 2001 , the award is given only in disciplines falling under the following categories : </P> <Ul> <Li> Olympic Games / Asian Games / Commonwealth Games / World Cup / World Championship Disciplines and Cricket </Li> <Li> Indigenous Games </Li> <Li> Sports for the Physically Challenged </Li> </Ul> <P> In mid-August 2011 , 19 athletes were announced as Arjuna recipients ; the high number due to the inclusion of both the 2010 Commonwealth Games and 2010 Asian Games in the Arjuna qualifying year . </P> <P> In 2012 , 25 sports - persons were conferred with the Arjuna awards . </P> <P> In the year 2017 , 17 sports - persons , including para - athletes were honoured with Arjuna Award by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports . </P> <H2> Archery ( edit ) </H2> Mangal Singh Champia <Table> <Tr> <Th> S.No . </Th> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Krishna Das </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Shyam Lal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Limba Ram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Sanjeev Kumar Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Tarundeep Rai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Dola Banerjee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Jayanta Talukdar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Mangal Singh Champia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Rahul Banerjee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Deepika Kumari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Laishram Bombayla Devi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Chekrovolu Swuro </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Abhishek Verma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Sandeep Kumar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Rajat Chauhan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> VJ Surekha </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Athletics ( edit ) </H2> Mercy Kuttan Reeth and Beedu <P> ‡ - Para Athlete </P> <P> § - Lifetime Contribution </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> S.No . </Th> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Gurbachan Singh Randhawa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Tarlok Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> Stephie D'Souza </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> Makhan Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Kenneth Powell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Ajmer Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Bhogeswar Baruah </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Praveen Kumar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Bhim Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Joginder Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Manjit Walia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Harnek Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Mohinder Singh Gill </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Edward Sequeira </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Vijay Singh Chauhan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Sriram Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> T.C. Yohannan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shivnath Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hari Chand </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> V. Anusuya Bai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Bahadur Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Geeta Zutshi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 1977 - 78 </Td> <Td> Satish Kumar ( Athlete ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1978 - 79 </Td> <Td> Suresh Babu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 1978 - 79 </Td> <Td> Angel Mary Joseph </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 1979 - 80 </Td> <Td> R. Gyanasekaran </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 1980 - 81 </Td> <Td> Gopal Saini </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Sabir Ali </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Charles Borromeo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Chand Ram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> M.D. Valsamma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Suresh Yadav </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> P.T. Usha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Raj Kumar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Shiny Abraham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Raghubir Singh Bal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Asha Agarwal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Adille Sumariwala </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Suman Rawat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Balwinder Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vandana Rao </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bagicha Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vandana Shanbagh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> Ashwini Nachappa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Mercy Kuttan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Deena Ram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Bahadur Prasad </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> K. Saramma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Rosa Kutty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Shakti Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Jyotirmoyee Sikdar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kallegowda ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ajit Bhaduria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Padmini Thomas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> M. Mahadeva ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Reeth Abraham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Sirichand Ram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Neelam Jaswant Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> S.D. Eshan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Rachita Mistry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Paramjit Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Gulab Chand </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> G. Venkataravanappa ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Gurmit Kaur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Parduman Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Sunita Rani </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> K.M. Beenamol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Yadvendra Vashishta ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Joginder Singh Bedi ‡ § </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> K.R. Shankar Iyer ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Anju Bobby George </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 73 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Saraswati Saha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Soma Biswas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Madhuri Saxena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Anil Kumar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> J.J. Shobha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Devendra Jhajharia ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Manjit Kaur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> K.M. Binu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Chitra K. Soman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Sinimol Paulose </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Joseph Abraham ( Athletics ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Krishna Punia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jagseer Singh ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Preeja Sreedharan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Sudha Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Kavita Ramdas Raut </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Deepa Malik ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Ramkaran Singh ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 91 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Amit Kumar Saroha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Tintu Luka </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> M.R. Poovamma </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Lalita Babar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 95 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Sandeep Singh Maan ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 96 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Khushbir Kaur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 97 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Arokia Rajiv </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Mariyappan Thangavelu ‡ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Varun Bhati ‡

The first Arjuna Award in athletics was given to

Who got the first arjun award in athletics?

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Role in Native American culture </Li> <Li> 7.2 National bird of the United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Identification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 External links <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Video links </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description </H2> Adult and chick <P> The plumage of an adult bald eagle is evenly dark brown with a white head and tail . The tail is moderately long and slightly wedge - shaped . Males and females are identical in plumage coloration , but sexual dimorphism is evident in the species , in that females are 25 % larger than males . The beak , feet and irises are bright yellow . The legs are feather - free , and the toes are short and powerful with large talons . The highly developed talon of the hind toe is used to pierce the vital areas of prey while it is held immobile by the front toes . The beak is large and hooked , with a yellow cere . The adult bald eagle is unmistakable in its native range . The closely related African fish eagle ( H. vocifer ) ( from far outside the bald eagle 's range ) also has a brown body , white head and tail , but differs from the bald in having a white chest and black tip to the bill . </P> Bald eagle anatomy <P> The plumage of the immature is a dark brown overlaid with messy white streaking until the fifth ( rarely fourth , very rarely third ) year , when it reaches sexual maturity . Immature bald eagles are distinguishable from the golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ) , the only other very large , non-vulturine bird in North America , in that the former has a larger , more protruding head with a larger beak , straighter edged wings which are held flat ( not slightly raised ) and with a stiffer wing beat and feathers which do not completely cover the legs . When seen well , the golden eagle is distinctive in plumage with a more solid warm brown color than an immature bald eagle , with a reddish - golden patch to its nape and ( in immature birds ) a highly contrasting set of white squares on the wing . Another distinguishing feature of the immature bald eagle over the mature bird is its black , yellow - tipped beak ; the mature eagle has a fully yellow beak . </P> <P> The bald eagle has sometimes been considered the largest true raptor ( accipitrid ) in North America . The only larger species of raptor - like bird is the California condor ( Gymnogyps californianus ) , a New World vulture which today is not generally considered a taxonomic ally of true accipitrids . However , the golden eagle , averaging 4.18 kg ( 9.2 lb ) and 63 cm ( 25 in ) in wing chord length in its American race ( A. c. canadensis ) , is merely 455 g ( 1.003 lb ) lighter in mean body mass and exceeds the bald eagle in mean wing chord length by around 3 cm ( 1.2 in ) . Additionally , the bald eagle 's close cousins , the relatively longer - winged but shorter - tailed white - tailed eagle and the overall larger Steller 's sea eagle ( H. pelagicus ) , may , rarely , wander to coastal Alaska from Asia . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bald eagle A recording of a bald eagle at Yellowstone National Park </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The bald eagle has a body length of 70 -- 102 cm ( 28 -- 40 in ) . Typical wingspan is between 1.8 and 2.3 m ( 5.9 and 7.5 ft ) and mass is normally between 3 and 6.3 kg ( 6.6 and 13.9 lb ) . Females are about 25 % larger than males , averaging 5.6 kg ( 12 lb ) , and against the males ' average weight of 4.1 kg ( 9.0 lb ) . </P> This eagle has a sizeable wingspan <P> The size of the bird varies by location and generally corresponds with Bergmann 's rule , since the species increases in size further away from the Equator and the tropics . For example , eagles from South Carolina average 3.27 kg ( 7.2 lb ) in mass and 1.88 m ( 6.2 ft ) in wingspan , smaller than their northern counterparts . The largest eagles are from Alaska , where large females may weigh up to 7.5 kg ( 17 lb ) and span 2.44 m ( 8.0 ft ) across the wings . A survey of adult weights in Alaska showed that females weighed on average 6.3 kg ( 14 lb ) and males weighed 4.3 kg ( 9.5 lb ) . R.S. Palmer listed a record from 1876 in Wyoming County , New York of an outsized adult bald eagle that was shot and reportedly scaled 8.2 kg ( 18 lb ) . Among standard linear measurements , the wing chord is 51.5 -- 69 cm ( 20.3 -- 27.2 in ) , the tail is 23 -- 37 cm ( 9.1 -- 14.6 in ) long , and the tarsus is 8 to 11 cm ( 3.1 to 4.3 in ) . The culmen reportedly ranges from 3 to 7.5 cm ( 1.2 to 3.0 in ) , while the measurement from the gape to the tip of the bill is 7 -- 9 cm ( 2.8 -- 3.5 in ) . </P> <P> The call consists of weak staccato , chirping whistles , kleek kik ik ik ik , somewhat similar in cadence to a gull 's call . The calls of young birds tend to be more harsh and shrill than those of adults . </P> <H2> Taxonomy </H2> <P> The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus ( sea eagles ) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult 's head . Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald , and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body . The scientific name is derived from Haliaeetus , New Latin for `` sea eagle '' ( from the Ancient Greek haliaetos ) , and leucocephalus , Latinized Ancient Greek for `` white head , '' from λευκος leukos ( `` white '' ) and κεφαλη kephale ( `` head '' ) . </P> <P> The bald eagle was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th century work Systema Naturae , under the name Falco leucocephalus . </P> <P> There are two recognized subspecies of bald eagle : </P> <Ul> <Li> H. l. leucocephalus ( Linnaeus , 1766 ) is the nominate subspecies . It is found in the southern United States and Baja California Peninsula . </Li> <Li> H. l. washingtoniensis ( Audubon , 1827 ) , synonym H. l. alascanus Townsend , 1897 , the northern subspecies , is larger than southern nominate leucocephalus . It is found in the northern United States , Canada and Alaska . </Li> </Ul> <P> The bald eagle forms a species pair with the Eurasian white - tailed eagle . This species pair consists of a white - headed and a tan - headed species of roughly equal size ; the white - tailed eagle also has overall somewhat paler brown body plumage . The two species fill the same ecological niche in their respective ranges . The pair diverged from other sea eagles at the beginning of the Early Miocene ( c. 10 Ma BP ) at the latest , but possibly as early as the Early / Middle Oligocene , 28 Ma BP , if the most ancient fossil record is correctly assigned to this genus . </P> <H2> Range </H2> Bald eagle in flight at Yellowstone National Park , Wyoming <P> The bald eagle 's natural range covers most of North America , including most of Canada , all of the continental United States , and northern Mexico . It is the only sea eagle endemic to North America . Occupying varied habitats from the bayous of Louisiana to the Sonoran Desert and the eastern deciduous forests of Quebec and New England , northern birds are migratory , while southern birds are resident , remaining on their breeding territory all year . At minimum population , in the 1950s , it was largely restricted to Alaska , the Aleutian Islands , northern and eastern Canada , and Florida . Today , they are much more common ( almost attaining their peak numbers pre-colonization in North America ) , and nest in every continental state and province in the United States and Canada . </P> <P> Bald eagles will also congregate in certain locations in winter . From November until February , one to two thousand birds winter in Squamish , British Columbia , about halfway between Vancouver and Whistler . The birds primarily gather along the Squamish and Cheakamus Rivers , attracted by the salmon spawning in the area . </P> <P> It has occurred as a vagrant twice in Ireland ; a juvenile was shot illegally in Fermanagh on January 11 , 1973 ( misidentified at first as a white - tailed eagle ) , and an exhausted juvenile was captured in Kerry on November 15 , 1987 . </P> <H2> Habitat </H2> Juvenile with salmon , Katmai National Park <P> The bald eagle occurs during its breeding season in virtually any kind of American wetland habitat such as seacoasts , rivers , large lakes or marshes or other large bodies of open water with an abundance of fish . Studies have shown a preference for bodies of water with a circumference greater than 11 km ( 7 mi ) , and lakes with an area greater than 10 km ( 4 sq mi ) are optimal for breeding bald eagles . </P> <P> The bald eagle typically requires old - growth and mature stands of coniferous or hardwood trees for perching , roosting , and nesting . Tree species reportedly is less important to the eagle pair than the tree 's height , composition and location . Perhaps of paramount importance for this species is an abundance of comparatively large trees surrounding the body of water . Selected trees must have good visibility , be over 20 m ( 66 ft ) tall , an open structure , and proximity to prey . If nesting trees are in standing water such as in a mangrove swamp , the nest can be located fairly low , at as low 6 m ( 20 ft ) above the ground . In a more typical tree standing on dry ground , nests may be located from 16 to 38 m ( 52 to 125 ft ) in height . In Chesapeake Bay , nesting trees averaged 82 cm ( 32 in ) in diameter and 28 m ( 92 ft ) in total height , while in Florida , the average nesting tree stands 23 m ( 75 ft ) high and is 23 cm ( 9.1 in ) in diameter . Trees used for nesting in the Greater Yellowstone area average 27 m ( 89 ft ) high . Trees or forest used for nesting should have a canopy cover of no more than 60 % , and no less than 20 % , and be in close proximity to water . Most nests have been found within 200 m ( 660 ft ) of open water . The greatest distance from open water recorded for a bald eagle nest was over 3 km ( 1.9 mi ) , in Florida . </P> <P> Bald eagle nests are often very large in order to compensate for size of the birds . The largest recorded nest was found in Florida in 1963 , and was measured at

The genus of a bald eagle is

What is the genus of a bald eagle?

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The Best Years of Our Lives - wikipedia <H1> The Best Years of Our Lives </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see The Best Years of Our Lives ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Best Years of Our Lives </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> William Wyler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Samuel Goldwyn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Robert E. Sherwood </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Glory for Me 1945 novella by MacKinlay Kantor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Myrna Loy </Li> <Li> Fredric March </Li> <Li> Dana Andrews </Li> <Li> Teresa Wright </Li> <Li> Virginia Mayo </Li> <Li> Harold Russell </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hugo Friedhofer </Li> <Li> Emil Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Gregg Toland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Daniel Mandell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Samuel Goldwyn Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> RKO Radio Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 21 , 1946 ( 1946 - 11 - 21 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 172 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $2.1 million or $3 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $23.7 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> Standing , L-R : Fredric March , Myrna Loy , Dana Andrews , Teresa Wright ; seated at piano : Hoagy Carmichael <P> The Best Years of Our Lives ( aka Glory for Me and Home Again ) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy , Fredric March , Dana Andrews , Teresa Wright , Virginia Mayo , and Harold Russell . The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II . Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7 , 1944 , article in Time about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life . Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay . His work was first published as a novella , Glory for Me , which Kantor wrote in blank verse . Robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay . </P> <P> The Best Years of Our Lives won seven Academy Awards in 1946 , including Best Picture , Best Director ( William Wyler ) , Best Actor ( Fredric March ) , Best Supporting Actor ( Harold Russell ) , Best Film Editing ( Daniel Mandell ) , Best Adapted Screenplay ( Robert E. Sherwood ) , and Best Original Score ( Hugo Friedhofer ) . In addition to its critical success , the film quickly became a great commercial success upon release . It became the highest - grossing film and most attended film in both the United States and UK since the release of Gone with the Wind , selling approximately 55 million tickets in the United States which equaled a gross of $23,650,000 . It remains the sixth most - attended film of all time in the UK , with over 20 million tickets sold . The film had one of the highest viewing figures of all time , with ticket sales exceeding $20.4 million . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 4.2 Popular response </Li> <Li> 4.3 Awards and honors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 5.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 5.3 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> After World War II , Fred Derry ( Dana Andrews ) , Homer Parrish ( Harold Russell ) , and Al Stephenson ( Fredric March ) meet while flying home to Boone City ( a fictional city patterned after Cincinnati , Ohio ) . Fred was a decorated Army Air Forces captain and bombardier in Europe . Homer lost both hands from burns suffered when his aircraft carrier was sunk , and now uses mechanical hook prostheses . Al served as an infantry platoon sergeant in the Pacific . All three have trouble adjusting to civilian life . </P> <P> Al has a comfortable home and a loving family : wife Milly ( Myrna Loy ) , adult daughter Peggy ( Teresa Wright , who was only thirteen years Loy 's junior ) , and college freshman son Rob ( Michael Hall , who is absent after the first one - third of the film ) . He returns to his old job as a bank loan officer . The bank president views his military experience as valuable in dealing with other returning servicemen . When Al approves a loan ( without collateral ) to a young Navy veteran , however , the president advises him against making a habit of it . Later , at a banquet held in his honor , a slightly inebriated Al expounds his belief that the bank ( and America ) must stand with the vets who risked everything to defend the country and give them every chance to rebuild their lives . </P> <P> Before the war , Fred had been an unskilled drugstore soda jerk . He wants something better , but the tight postwar job market forces him to return to his old job . Fred had met Marie ( Virginia Mayo ) while in flight training and married her shortly afterward , before shipping out less than a month later . She became a nightclub waitress while Fred was overseas . Marie makes it clear she does not enjoy being married to a lowly soda jerk . </P> <P> Homer was a football quarterback and became engaged to his next door neighbor , Wilma ( Cathy O'Donnell ) , before joining the Navy . Both Homer and his parents now have trouble dealing with his disability . He does not want to burden Wilma with his handicap so he eventually pushes her away , although she still wants to marry him . </P> <P> Peggy meets Fred while bringing her father home from a bar where the three men meet once again . They are attracted to each other . Peggy dislikes Marie , and informs her parents she intends to end Fred and Marie 's marriage , but they tell her that their own marriage overcame similar problems . Concerned , Al demands that Fred stop seeing his daughter . Fred agrees , but the friendship between the two men is strained . </P> <P> At the drugstore , an obnoxious customer , who claims that the war was fought against the wrong enemies , gets into a fight with Homer . Fred intervenes and knocks the man into a glass counter , costing him his job . Later , Fred encourages Homer to put his misgivings behind him and marry Wilma , offering to be his best man . </P> <P> One evening , Wilma visits Homer and tells him that her parents want her to leave Boone City for an extended period to try to forget him . Homer bluntly demonstrates to her how hard life with him would be . When Wilma is undaunted , Homer reconsiders . </P> <P> On arriving home , Fred discovers his wife with another veteran ( Steve Cochran ) . After complaining to Fred that she has `` given up the best years of my life , '' Marie tells him that she is getting a divorce . Fred decides to leave town , and gives his father his medals and citations . His father is unable to persuade Fred to stay . After Fred leaves , his father reads the citation for his Distinguished Flying Cross as composed by General Doolittle . At the airport , Fred books space on the first outbound aircraft , without regard for the destination . While waiting , he wanders into a vast aircraft boneyard . Inside the nose of a B - 17 , he relives the intense memories of combat . The boss of a work crew rouses him from his flashback . When the man says the aluminum from the aircraft is being salvaged to build housing , Fred persuades the boss to hire him . </P> <P> At the bride 's home , people have gathered for the wedding of Homer and Wilma . Fred , now divorced , is Homer 's best man . While the vows are exchanged Fred and Peggy glance across at one another . At the conclusion everyone gathers around the newlyweds . Still gazing over at Peggy , Fred walks across the room , takes her in his arms and kisses her . He asks if she understands how things will be for them , that it will be a hard struggle at first , and that it could take years before they can get a life established . All the while Peggy smiles fondly at Fred , and then kisses him again . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Myrna Loy as Milly Stephenson </Li> <Li> Fredric March as Platoon Sergeant Al Stephenson </Li> <Li> Dana Andrews as Captain Fred Derry </Li> <Li> Teresa Wright as Peggy Stephenson </Li> <Li> Virginia Mayo as Marie Derry </Li> <Li> Cathy O'Donnell as Wilma Cameron </Li> <Li> Hoagy Carmichael as Uncle Butch Engle </Li> <Li> Harold Russell as Petty Officer 2nd Class Homer Parrish </Li> <Li> Gladys George as Hortense Derry </Li> <Li> Roman Bohnen as Pat Derry </Li> <Li> Ray Collins as Mr. Milton </Li> <Li> Minna Gombell as Mrs. Parrish </Li> <Li> Walter Baldwin as Mr. Parrish </Li> <Li> Steve Cochran as Cliff </Li> <Li> Dorothy Adams as Mrs. Cameron </Li> <Li> Don Beddoe as Mr. Cameron </Li> <Li> Marlene Aames as Luella Parrish </Li> <Li> Charles Halton as Prew </Li> <Li> Ray Teal as Mr. Mollett </Li> <Li> Howland Chamberlain as Thorpe </Li> <Li> Dean White as Novak </Li> <Li> Erskine Sanford as Bullard </Li> <Li> Michael Hall as Rob Stephenson </Li> <Li> Victor Cutler as Woody Merrill </Li> <Li> Robert Karnes as Technical Sergeant </Li> </Ul> <P> Casting brought together established stars as well as character actors and relative unknowns . Famed drummer Gene Krupa was seen in archival footage , while Tennessee Ernie Ford , later a famous television star , appeared as an uncredited `` hillbilly singer '' ( in the first of his only three film appearances ) . Blake Edwards , later notable as a film producer and director , appeared fleetingly as an uncredited `` Corporal '' . Actress Judy Wyler was cast in her first role in her father 's production . Sean Penn 's father , Leo , played the uncredited part of the soldier working as the scheduling clerk at the beginning of the film . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Director Wyler had flown combat missions over Europe in filming Memphis Belle ( 1944 ) and worked hard to get accurate depictions of the combat veterans he had encountered . Wyler changed the original casting that had featured a veteran suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder and sought out Harold Russell , a non-actor to take on the exacting role of Homer Parrish . </P> <P> For The Best Years of Our Lives , he asked the principal actors to purchase their own clothes , in order to connect with daily life and produce an authentic feeling . Other Wyler touches included constructing life - size sets , which went against the standard larger sets that were more suited to camera positions . The impact for the audience was immediate , as each scene played out in a realistic

The classic film "The Best Years of Our Lives" was directed by

Who directed the best years of our lives?

4295767281742718676

Forgotten man - wikipedia <H1> Forgotten man </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Forgotten man is a phrase with several meanings , some of which are polar opposites . It was first used by William Graham Sumner in an 1883 lecture in Brooklyn entitled The Forgotten Man ( published posthumously in 1918 ) to refer to the person compelled to pay for reformist programs ; however , since Franklin Roosevelt appropriated the phrase in a 1932 speech , it has more often been used to refer to those at the bottom of the economic government whom the state ( in Roosevelt 's view and in the general social humanitarian approach ) needed to help . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Sumner 's forgotten man </Li> <Li> 2 Roosevelt 's forgotten man </Li> <Li> 3 McNaughton 's forgotten man </Li> <Li> 4 Works titled `` The Forgotten Man '' </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Sumner 's forgotten man ( edit ) </H2> <P> Yale University professor William Graham Sumner appears to be the first to use the phrase `` the forgotten man '' in his 1876 essay . His algebraic definition of the forgotten man was `` C '' , who is coerced into helping the man at the economic bottom `` X '' , by `` A '' and `` B '' who demand charity for `` X '' . </P> <P> As soon as A observes something which seems to him wrong , from which X is suffering , A talks it over with B , and A and B then propose to get a law passed to remedy the evil and help X . Their law always proposes to determine what C shall do for X , or , in better case , what A , B , and C shall do for X ... What I want to do is to look up C. I want to show you what manner of man he is . I call him the Forgotten Man . perhaps the appellation is not strictly correct. he is the man who never is thought of ... I call him the forgotten man ... He works , he votes , generally he prays -- but he always pays ... '' </P> <H2> Roosevelt 's forgotten man ( edit ) </H2> <P> Roosevelt redefined the phrase in a radio address he gave on April 7 , 1932 . Roosevelt used the phrase to describe the poor men who needed money and were not getting it , promoting his New Deal . Roosevelt said , </P> <P> These unhappy times call for the building of plans that rest upon the forgotten , the unorganized but the indispensable units of economic power , for plans like those of 1917 that build from the bottom up and not from the top down , that put their faith once more in the forgotten man at the bottom of the economic pyramid . </P> <P> The term quickly appeared within popular culture , and fittingly Sumner 's forgotten man , C , was forgotten . Joan Blondell and Etta Moten Barnett sing the song `` Remember My Forgotten Man '' in the climactic sequence of the film Gold Diggers of 1933 , with scenes of mass unemployment . In the film My Man Godfrey ( 1936 ) a Boston Brahmin is mistaken for a tramp when frivolous socialites are looking for a `` forgotten man '' in a scavenger hunt . </P> <H2> McNaughton 's forgotten man ( edit ) </H2> <P> Artist Jon McNaughton made a series of paintings that depict the `` Forgotten Man '' as being forgotten by Democratic presidents , although supported by Republicans . </P> <H2> Works titled `` the forgotten man '' ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Forgotten Man is also the name of several works . </P> <Ul> <Li> The Forgotten Man , a 1941 Robert Benchley short </Li> <Li> The Forgotten Man , a 1971 TV film </Li> <Li> The Forgotten Man , a 2005 Elvis Cole novel by Robert Crais </Li> <Li> The Forgotten Man : A New History of the Great Depression , a 2007 book by Amity Shlaes </Li> <Li> The Forgotten Man , a 2010 painting by Jon McNaughton </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Lecture by Professor William G. Sumner , Of Yale . On ' The Forgotten Man , ' Will be given ... January 30 , ( 1883 ) '' , Brooklyn Daily Eagle , Jan. 29 , 1883 , p. 1 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ William Graham Sumner , The Forgotten Man and Other Essays . Edited by Albert Galloway Keller ( New Haven : Yale University Press , 1918 ) , pp. 465 - 495 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Remembering ' The Forgotten Man ' reason.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Forgotten Man and Other Essays at the Online Library of Liberty </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Remembering ' The Forgotten Man ' reason.com/news </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roosevelt 's speech , April 7 , 1932 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ TCM : Gold Diggers of 1933 ( 1933 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Forgotten Man : a fitting oil painting for Trump 's America '' . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forgotten_man&oldid=838210491 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Economic inequality in the United States </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 25 April 2018 , at 16 : 21 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

According to Sumner, the forgotten man is

Who is the forgotten man according to sumner?

6882831655380911332

Coton in the Elms - wikipedia <H1> Coton in the Elms </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Coton in the Elms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> St Mary Church , Coton in the Elms ( Built 1844 - 1847 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coton in the Elms Coton in the Elms shown within Derbyshire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population </Th> <Td> 896 ( 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OS grid reference </Th> <Td> SK253144 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> District </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> South Derbyshire </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Shire county </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Derbyshire </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> East Midlands </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sovereign state </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Post town </Th> <Td> SWADLINCOTE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Postcode district </Th> <Td> DE12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dialling code </Th> <Td> 01283 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Police </Th> <Td> Derbyshire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fire </Th> <Td> Derbyshire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ambulance </Th> <Td> East Midlands </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EU Parliament </Th> <Td> East Midlands </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Dl> <Dt> List of places </Dt> <Dd> UK </Dd> <Dd> England </Dd> <Dd> Derbyshire </Dd> </Dl> 52 ° 43 ′ 38 '' N 1 ° 37 ′ 34 '' W  /  52.727104 ° N 1.62608 ° W  / 52.727104 ; - 1.62608 Coordinates : 52 ° 43 ′ 38 '' N 1 ° 37 ′ 34 '' W  /  52.727104 ° N 1.62608 ° W  / 52.727104 ; - 1.62608 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Coton in the Elms is a village and parish in the English county of Derbyshire . At 70 miles ( 113 km ) from the coast , it is the furthest place in the United Kingdom from coastal waters . The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 896 . It is located 5 miles southwest of Swadlincote and 6 miles south of Burton upon Trent . </P> <P> Less than a mile southeast of the village is Church Flatts Farm , which is defined by the Ordnance Survey as the furthest point from the sea in the UK . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Distance from sea <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Distance from coast </Li> <Li> 2.2 Distance from highest tidal water </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Notable residents </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> The `` Shoulder of Mutton '' pub <P> Coton is mentioned over a thousand years ago when land was transferred to Wulfrige the Black in AD942 . It is also on the salt route known as Walton Way , which starts in nearby Walton - on - Trent . </P> <P> Coton in the Elms is mentioned in the Domesday book where it is then spelt Cotes . The book says under the title of `` The lands of the Abbey of Burton '' . </P> <P> `` In Coton in the Elms Ælfgar had two carucates of land to the geld . There is land for three ploughs . Now the abbot has it of the king . There are now one plough in demesne and six villans and three bordars having two ploughs . TRE worth 40 shillings now 30 shillings . '' </P> <P> Coton is situated on the Walton Way and is first mentioned in 942 in a charter giving land in the area to Wulfrige the Black . This formed part of a much larger estate covering many of the villages in the area . Coton would seem to have been roughly in the centre of this estate . It would appear that it was a crossroads as there is an old lane which runs all the way from Tamworth through Coton and on northwards towards Burton on Trent . At the time of Domesday Burton Abbey held land at Coton - however this had been initially seized by King William - no doubt in part due to the rebellion led by Earl Morcar . However , by the time of Domesday this land had been restored to Burton . The village itself forms a diamond of roads around a small village green . The original route of the Walton Way may have been the south west corner of this diamond as this runs past the Church and Church Farm . To the north east of the village coal mining became important and this is reflected in the lane name Coalpit Lane . </P> <P> The present church of St Mary was built in 1844 - 7 by Henry Isaac Stevens but not on the site of the original church , which was behind the Shoulder of Mutton pub . It has a narrow west tower with a recessed spire . It is generally believed that when the original church fell into disrepair , the bells were taken to the neighbouring Lullington village , so the inhabitants of Coton can still hear the old bells when the wind is in the right direction . </P> <P> There is a Methodist chapel , built in 1922 to replace a smaller building in Chapel Street . The old building became known as the band room , where for many years a good band was run by a Mr Coates , who was also the village post master . It has also been used as a village hall . </P> <P> The main occupations of the village inhabitants in the past has been mining and farming , though the pits are now all closed . For many of today 's population ( 782 in 1991 ) it is a commuter base for the larger towns such as Burton - on - Trent , Swadlincote and Tamworth . </P> <P> Coton in the Elms has 2 pubs . The Black Horse was refurbished in 2009 . The Queen 's Head Inn dates back to the 17th century , part of the premises was once a shop . Another pub , the Shoulder of Mutton , closed in 2010 and is currently being converted to a house . </P> <H2> Distance from sea ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Distance from coast ( edit ) </H3> <P> Southeast of the village -- at grid reference SK253144 -- is Church Flatts Farm , which is calculated by the Ordnance Survey to be the farthest point from the sea ( at the mean low water line ) in Great Britain . The location is Latitude : 52 ° 43.6 ' N Longitude : 1 ° 37.2 ' W . This place in Coton was chosen as equidistant from Fosdyke Wash in Lincolnshire ; White Sands between Neston in Cheshire and Flint , Flintshire in Wales ; and Westbury - on - Severn in Gloucestershire -- all of which are 113 kilometres ( 70 mi ) away . </P> <H3> Distance from highest tidal water ( edit ) </H3> <P> The nearest high tide point is on the River Trent at Cromwell Lock , north of Newark - on - Trent , in Nottinghamshire , 72 kilometres ( 45 mi ) away . </P> <H2> Notable residents ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Nigel Sims , goalkeeper for Wolverhampton Wanderers , Aston Villa and ' England B ' . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Centre points of the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> Coastline of the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> Fenny Drayton - Centre of England , 24 kilometres ( 15 mi ) south . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The Abbey of Burton held a considerable number of manors including several in Derbyshire given to it by the King . These included Coton in the Elms , Stapenhill , Caldwell , Mickleover and Appleby Magna . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ TRE is a Latinate acronym for Tempore Regis Edwardi , meaning ' in the time of King Edward ' ( before the Battle of Hastings ) . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Civil Parish population 2011 '' . Neighbourhood Statistics . Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 22 March 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : BBC report centre of England </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ordnance Survey - MapZone </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Derbyshire UK </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Salt Ways </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Domesday Book : A Complete Translation . London : Penguin , 2003 . ISBN 0 - 14 - 143994 - 7 p. 744 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coton in the Elms . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Illustrated details </Li> <Li> GENUKI page </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coton_in_the_Elms&oldid=832747106 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Villages in Derbyshire </Li> <Li> Civil parishes in Derbyshire </Li> <Li> South Derbyshire </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with OS grid coordinates </Li> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cebuano </Li> <Li> Cymraeg </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Ślůnski </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 March 2018 , at 19 : 51 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The British city farthest from the sea is

Which british city is farthest from the sea?

-8464536395541330825

Meninges - wikipedia <H1> Meninges </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Meninx '' redirects here . For the Tunisian island formerly known as `` Meninx '' , see Djerba . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Meninges </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The meninges : dura mater , arachnoid mater and pia mater </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artery </Th> <Td> middle meningeal artery , meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery , accessory meningeal artery , branch of anterior ethmoidal artery , meningeal branches of vertebral artery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nerve </Th> <Td> middle meningeal nerve , nervus spinosus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> Meninges </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> A08. 186.566 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dorlands / Elsevier </Th> <Td> 12523818 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A14. 1.01. 001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 231572 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The meninges ( / məˈnɪndʒiːz / , singular : meninx ( / ˈmiːnɪŋks / or / ˈmɛnɪŋks / ) , from Ancient Greek : μῆνιγξ , translit . mēninx , lit . ' membrane ' , adjectival : meningeal / məˈnɪndʒəl / ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord . In mammals , the meninges are the dura mater , the arachnoid mater , and the pia mater . Cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater . The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Dura mater </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arachnoid mater </Li> <Li> 1.3 Pia mater </Li> <Li> 1.4 Leptomeninges </Li> <Li> 1.5 Spaces </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Clinical significance </Li> <Li> 3 Other animals </Li> <Li> 4 Additional images </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Dura mater ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Dura mater <P> The dura mater ( Latin : tough mother ) ( also rarely called meninx fibrosa or pachymeninx ) is a thick , durable membrane , closest to the skull and vertebrae . The dura mater , the outermost part , is a loosely arranged , fibroelastic layer of cells , characterized by multiple interdigitating cell processes , no extracellular collagen , and significant extracellular spaces . The middle region is a mostly fibrous portion . It consists of two layers : the endosteal layer , which lies closest to the calvaria ( skullcap ) , and the inner meningeal layer , which lies closer to the brain . It contains larger blood vessels that split into the capillaries in the pia mater . It is composed of dense fibrous tissue , and its inner surface is covered by flattened cells like those present on the surfaces of the pia mater and arachnoid mater . The dura mater is a sac that envelops the arachnoid mater and surrounds and supports the large dural sinuses carrying blood from the brain toward the heart . </P> <P> The dura has four areas of infolding : </P> <Ul> <Li> Falx cerebri , the largest , sickle - shaped ; separates the cerebral hemispheres . Starts from the frontal crest of frontal bone and the crista galli running to the internal occipital protuberance . </Li> <Li> Tentorium cerebelli , the second largest , crescent - shaped ; separates the occipital lobes from cerebellum . The falx cerebri attaches to it giving a tentlike appearance . </Li> <Li> Falx cerebelli , vertical infolding ; lies inferior to the tentorium cerebelli , separating the cerebellar hemispheres . </Li> <Li> Diaphragma sellae , smallest infolding ; covers the pituitary gland and sella turcica . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Arachnoid mater ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Arachnoid mater <P> The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater , so named because of its spider web - like appearance . It cushions the central nervous system . This thin , transparent membrane is composed of fibrous tissue and , like the pia mater , is covered by flat cells also thought to be impermeable to fluid . </P> <P> The shape of the arachnoid does not follow the convolutions of the surface of the brain and so looks like a loosely fitting sac . In particular , in the region of the brain a large number of fine filaments called arachnoid trabeculae pass from the arachnoid through the subarachnoid space to blend with the tissue of the pia mater . The arachnoid is composed of an outermost portion ( arachnoid barrier cell layer ) with tightly packed cells and no extracellular collagen ; that is why it is considered to represent an effective morphological and physiological meningeal barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and subarachnoid space and the blood circulation in the dura . </P> <P> The arachnoid barrier layer is characterized by a distinct continuous basal lamina on its inner surface toward the innermost collagenous portion of the arachnoid reticular layer . </P> <H3> Pia mater ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Pia mater <P> The pia mater ( Latin : tender mother ) is a very delicate membrane . It is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord , following all of the brain 's contours ( the gyri and sulci ) . It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid . The pia mater is pierced by blood vessels to the brain and spinal cord , and its capillaries nourish the brain . </P> <H3> Leptomeninges ( edit ) </H3> <P> The arachnoid and pia mater together are sometimes called the leptomeninges , literally `` thin meninges '' ( Greek : λεπτός leptos - thin ) . Acute meningococcal meningitis can lead to an exudate within the leptomeninges along the surface of the brain . Because the arachnoid is connected to the pia by cob - web like strands , it is structurally continuous with the pia , hence the name pia - arachnoid or leptomeninges . They are responsible for the production of beta - trace protein ( prostaglandin D synthase ) a major cerebrospinal fluid protein . </P> <H3> Spaces ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Subarachnoid space <P> The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater , which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid . </P> <P> The dura mater is attached to the skull , whereas in the spinal cord , the dura mater is separated from the bone ( vertebrae ) by a space called the epidural space , which contain fat and blood vessels . The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater , while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue . When the dura mater and the arachnoid separate through injury or illness , the space between them is the subdural space . There is a subpial space underneath the pia mater that separates it from the glia limitans . </P> <H2> Clinical significance ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are three types of hemorrhage involving the meninges : </P> <Ul> <Li> A subarachnoid hemorrhage is acute bleeding under the arachnoid ; it may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma . </Li> <Li> A subdural hematoma is a hematoma ( collection of blood ) located in a separation of the arachnoid from the dura mater . The small veins that connect the dura mater and the arachnoid are torn , usually during an accident , and blood leaks into this area . </Li> <Li> An epidural hematoma may arise after an accident or spontaneously . </Li> </Ul> <P> Other medical conditions that affect the meninges include meningitis ( usually from fungal , bacterial , or viral infection ) and meningiomas that arise from the meninges , or from meningeal carcinomatoses ( tumors ) that form elsewhere in the body and metastasize to the meninges . </P> <H2> Other animals ( edit ) </H2> <P> In fish , there is a single membrane known as the primitive meninx . In other vertebrates -- amphibians , reptiles and birds , the meninges include a thick outer dura mater and a thick inner secondary meninx . In the early 1900s , Giuseppe Sterzi an Italian anatomist carried out comparative studies on the meninges from the lancelet to man . Contrary to previous reports the spinal meninges were seen to be very simple , both in the adult lower vertebrates and in the early developmental stages of the more advanced vertebrates . From the mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube only a single leaflet forms the primitive meninx . In the following phylogenetic and ontogenetic stages , the latter divides into an internal leaflet : the secondary meninx , and into an external one : the dura mater . Finally , in higher vertebrates , even the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and the pia . In the same animals , Sterzi demonstrated that , while in the spinal medulla the dura keeps its identity , in the skull it fuses with the periosteum . He also demonstrated the continuity of all meninges with the envelopes of nerves and with the filum terminale . </P> <P> Mammals ( as higher vertebrates ) retain the dura mater , and the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and pia mater . </P> <H2> Additional images ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Diagrammatic section of scalp . </P> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ OED 2nd edition , 1989 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Entry `` meninges '' in Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary , retrieved 2012 - 07 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Entry `` meninx '' in Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary , retrieved 2012 - 07 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ μῆνιγξ . Liddell , Henry George ; Scott , Robert ; A Greek -- English Lexicon at the Perseus Project . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Entry `` pia mater '' in Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary , retrieved 2015 - 11 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` leptomeninges - definition of leptomeninges in English Oxford Dictionaries '' . Oxford Dictionaries English . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kumar , Vinay ( 2015 ) . Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Mechanisms of Disease . Philadelphia : Elsevier Saunders . p. 1273 . In acute meningitis , an exudate is evident within the leptomeninges over the surface of the brain ( Fig. 28 - 21 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Yamashima , Tetsumori ; Sakuda , Kazushige ; Tohma , Yasuo ; Yamashita , Junkoh ; Oda , Hiroshi ; Irikura , Daisuke ; Eguchi , Naomi ; Beuckmann , Carsten T. ; Kanaoka , Yoshihide ; Urade , Yoshihiro ; Hayaishi , Osamu ( 1 April 1997 ) . `` Prostaglandin D Synthase ( β - Trace ) in Human Arachnoid and Meningioma Cells : Roles as a Cell Marker or in Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption , Tumorigenesis , and Calcification Process '' . Journal of Neuroscience . pp. 2376 -- 2382 . Retrieved 10 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ attribution , no . `` Prostaglandin D2 synthase '' . TheFreeDictionary.com . Retrieved 10 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Overview of Adult Traumatic Brain Injuries '' ( PDF ) . Orlando Regional Healthcare , Education and Development . 2004 .

The layer of the meninges connected to the brain is the

Which layer of the meninges is connected to the brain?

-4002094067206606739

Proton pump - wikipedia <H1> Proton pump </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about biochemical proton pumps . For generators of proton beams , see synchrotron and cyclotron . <P> A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane . Proton pumps catalyze the following reaction : </P> <Dl> <Dd> H + energy ⇌ H </Dd> </Dl> <P> Mechanisms are based on energy - induced conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle . </P> <P> During evolution , proton pumps have arisen independently on multiple occasions . Thus , not only throughout nature but also within single cells , different proton pumps that are evolutionarily unrelated can be found . Proton pumps are divided into different major classes of pumps that utilize different sources of energy , have different polypeptide compositions and evolutionary origins . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Function </Li> <Li> 2 Diversity </Li> <Li> 3 Electron transport driven proton pumps <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Electron Transport Complex I </Li> <Li> 3.2 Electron Transport Complex III </Li> <Li> 3.3 The cytochrome b f complex </Li> <Li> 3.4 Electron Transport Complex IV </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 ATP driven proton pumps <Ul> <Li> 4.1 P - type proton ATPase </Li> <Li> 4.2 V - type proton ATPase </Li> <Li> 4.3 F - type proton ATPase </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Pyrophosphate driven proton pumps </Li> <Li> 6 Light driven proton pumps </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Function ( edit ) </H2> <P> It should be observed that transport of the positively charged proton typically is electrogenic , i.e. it generates an electrical field across the membrane also called the membrane potential . Proton transport becomes electrogenic if not neutralized electrically by transport of either a corresponding negative charge in the same direction or a corresponding positive charge in the opposite direction . An example of a proton pump that is not electrogenic , is the proton / potassium pump of the gastric mucosa which catalyzes a balanced exchange of protons and potassium ions . </P> <P> The combined transmembrane gradient of protons and charges created by proton pumps is called an electrochemical gradient . An electrochemical gradient represents a store of energy ( potential energy ) that can be used to drive a multitude of biological processes such as ATP synthesis , nutrient uptake and action potential formation . </P> <P> In cell respiration , the proton pump uses energy to transport protons from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the inter-membrane space . It is an active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane because there are more protons outside the matrix than inside . The difference in pH and electric charge ( ignoring differences in buffer capacity ) creates an electrochemical potential difference that works similar to that of a battery or energy storing unit for the cell . The process could also be seen as analogous to cycling uphill or charging a battery for later use , as it produces potential energy . The proton pump does not create energy , but forms a gradient that stores energy for later use . </P> <H2> Diversity ( edit ) </H2> <P> The energy required for the proton pumping reaction may come from light ( light energy ; bacteriorhodopsins ) , electron transfer ( electrical energy ; electron transport complexes I , III and IV ) or energy - rich metabolites ( chemical energy ) such as pyrophosphate ( PPi ; proton - pumping pyrophosphatase ) or adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ; proton ATPases ) . </P> <H2> Electron transport driven proton pumps ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Electron transport complex I ( edit ) </H3> Main article : NADH dehydrogenase ( ubiquinone ) <P> Complex I ( EC 1.6. 5.3 ) ( also referred to as NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase or , especially in the context of the human protein , NADH dehydrogenase ) is a proton pump driven by electron transport . It belongs to the H or Na - translocating NADH Dehydrogenase ( NDH ) Family ( TC # 3. D. 1 ) , a member of the Na transporting Mrp superfamily . It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) and , in eukaryotes , it is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane . This enzyme helps to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential that the ATP synthase then uses to synthesize ATP . </P> <H3> Electron transport complex III ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Coenzyme Q -- cytochrome c reductase <P> Complex III ( ( EC 1.10. 2.2 ) ) ( also referred to as cytochrome b 1 or the coenzyme Q : cytochrome c -- oxidoreductase ) is a proton pump driven by electron transport . Complex III is a multisubunit transmembrane protein encoded by both the mitochondrial ( cytochrome b ) and the nuclear genomes ( all other subunits ) . Complex III is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane of all aerobic eukaryotes and the inner membranes of most eubacteria . This enzyme helps to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential that the ATP synthase of mitochondria then uses to synthesize ATP . </P> <H3> The cytochrome b F complex ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cytochrome b6f complex <P> The cytochrome b f complex ( EC 1.10. 99.1 ) ( also called plastoquinol -- plastocyanin reductase ) is an enzyme related to Complex III but found in the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts of plants , cyanobacteria , and green algae . This proton pump is driven by electron transport and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin . The reaction is analogous to the reaction catalyzed by Complex III ( cytochrome bc1 ) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain . This enzyme helps to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential that the ATP synthase of chloroplasts then uses to synthesize ATP . </P> <H3> Electron transport complex IV ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cytochrome c oxidase <P> Complex IV ( EC 1.9. 3.1 ) ( also referred to as cytochrome c oxidase ) , is a proton pump driven by electron transport . This enzyme is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria and inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes . It receives an electron from each of four cytochrome c molecules , and transfers them to one oxygen molecule , converting molecular oxygen to two molecules of water . In the process , it binds four protons from the inner aqueous phase to make water and in addition translocates four protons across the membrane . This enzyme helps to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential that the ATP synthase of mitochondria then uses to synthesize ATP . </P> <H2> ATP driven proton pumps ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Proton ATPase <P> Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) driven proton pumps ( also referred to as proton ATPases or H - ATPases ) are proton pumps driven by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) . Three classes of proton ATPases are found in nature . In a single cell ( for example those of fungi and plants ) , representatives from all three groups of proton ATPases may be present . </P> <H3> P - type proton ATPase ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Plasma membrane H+ - ATPase <P> The plasma membrane H - ATPase is a single subunit P - type ATPase found in the plasma membrane of plants , fungi , protists and many prokaryotes . </P> <P> The plasma membrane H - ATPase creates the electrochemical gradients in the plasma membrane of plants , fungi , protists , and many prokaryotes . Here , proton gradients are used to drive secondary transport processes . As such , it is essential for the uptake of most metabolites , and also for responses to the environment ( e.g. , movement of leaves in plants ) . </P> <P> Humans ( and probably other mammals ) have a gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H / K ATPase that also belongs to the P - type ATPase family . This enzyme functions as the proton pump of the stomach , primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents ( see gastric acid ) . </P> <H3> V - type proton ATPase ( edit ) </H3> Main article : V - ATPase <P> The V - type proton ATPase is a multisubunit enzyme of the V - type . It is found in various different membranes where it serves to acidify intracellular organelles or the cell exterior . </P> <H3> F - type proton ATPase ( edit ) </H3> Main article : F - ATPase <P> The F - type proton ATPase is a multisubunit enzyme of the F - type ( also referred to as ATP synthase or F F ATPase ) . It is found in the mitochondrial inner membrane where is functions as a proton transport - driven ATP synthase . </P> <P> In mitochondria , reducing equivalents provided by electron transfer or photosynthesis power this translocation of protons . For example , the translocation of protons by cytochrome c oxidase is powered by reducing equivalents provided by reduced cytochrome c . ATP itself powers this transport in the plasma membrane proton ATPase and in the ATPase proton pumps of other cellular membranes . </P> <P> The F F ATP synthase of mitochondria , in contrast , usually conduct protons from high to low concentration across the membrane while drawing energy from this flow to synthesize ATP . Protons translocate across the inner mitochondrial membrane via proton wire . This series of conformational changes , channeled through the a and b subunits of the F particle , drives a series of conformational changes in the stalk connecting the F to the F subunit . This process effectively couples the translocation of protons to the mechanical motion between the Loose , Tight , and Open states of F necessary to phosphorylate ADP . </P> <P> In bacteria and ATP - producing organelles other than mitochondria , reducing equivalents provided by electron transfer or photosynthesis power the translocation of protons . </P> <P> CF ATP ligase of chloroplasts correspond to the human F F ATP synthase in plants . </P> <H2> Pyrophosphate driven proton pumps ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Proton pumping pyrophosphatase <P> Proton pumping pyrophosphatase ( also referred to as HH - PPase or vacuolar - type inorganic pyrophosphatases ( V - PPase ; V is for vacuolar ) ) is a proton pump driven by the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate ( PPi ) . In plants , HH - PPase is localized to the vacuolar membrane ( the tonoplast ) . This membrane of plants contains two different proton pumps for acidifying the interior of the vacuole , the V - PPase and the V - ATPase . </P> <H2> Light driven proton pumps ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Bacteriorhodopsin <P> Bacteriorhodopsin is a light - driven proton pump and is used by Archaea , most notably in Halobacteria . Light is absorbed by a retinal pigment covalently linked to the protein , that result in a conformational change of the molecule that is transmitted to the pump protein associated with proton pumping . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Active transport </Li> <Li> Chemiosmosis </Li> <Li> Cytochrome </Li> <Li> Protonophore </Li> <Li> Proton - pump inhibitor </Li> <Li> Uncoupling protein </Li> <Li> 2 , 4 - Dinitrophenol </Li> <Li> V - ATPase </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Yoshikawa , Shinya ; Shimada , Atsuhiro ; Shinzawa - Itoh , Kyoko ( 2015 ) . `` Chapter 4 , Section 4 Proton Pump Mechanism '' . In Peter M.H. Kroneck and Martha E. Sosa Torres . Sustaining Life on Planet Earth : Metalloenzymes Mastering Dioxygen and Other Chewy Gases .

A proton pump in the human body is

What is a proton pump in the human body?

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Governor - General of India - Wikipedia <H1> Governor - General of India </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the position of Governor - General of India . For individual Governor - Generals , see List of governors - general of India . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Viceroy and Governor - General of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Standard of the Governor - General </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Louis Mountbatten , the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Style </Th> <Td> His Excellency </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> Viceroy 's House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appointer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> East India Company ( to 1858 ) </Li> <Li> Monarch of India ( from 1858 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> 20 October 1774 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First holder </Th> <Td> Warren Hastings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Final holder </Th> <Td> Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abolished </Th> <Td> 26 January 1950 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Governor - General of India ( or , from 1858 to 1947 , officially the Viceroy and Governor - General of India , commonly shortened to Viceroy of India ) was originally the head of the British administration in India and , later , after Indian independence in 1947 , the representative of the Indian head of state . The office was created in 1773 , with the title of Governor - General of the Presidency of Fort William . The officer had direct control only over Fort William , but supervised other British East India Company officials in India . Complete authority over all of British India was granted in 1833 , and the official came to be known as the `` Governor - General of India '' . </P> <P> In 1858 , the territories of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British government ; see British Raj . The governor - general ( now also the viceroy ) headed the central government of India , which administered the provinces of British India , including the Punjab , Bengal , Bombay , Madras , the United Provinces , and others . However , much of India was not ruled directly by the British government ; outside the provinces of British India , there were hundreds of nominally sovereign princely states or `` native states '' , whose relationship was not with the British government , but directly with the monarch . To reflect the governor - general 's role as the representative of the monarch to the feudal rulers of the princely states , from 1858 the term Viceroy and Governor - General of India ( known in short as the Viceroy of India ) was applied to him . </P> <P> The title of viceroy was abandoned when British India split into the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan , but the office of governor - general continued to exist in each country separately -- until they adopted republican constitutions in 1950 and 1956 , respectively . </P> <P> Until 1858 , the governor - general was selected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company , to whom he was responsible . Thereafter , he was appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the British government ; the Secretary of State for India , a member of the UK Cabinet , was responsible for instructing him on the exercise of his powers . After 1947 , the sovereign continued to appoint the governor - general , but did so on the advice of the Indian government . </P> <P> Governors - General served at the pleasure of the sovereign , though the practice was to have them serve five - year terms . Governors - General could have their commission rescinded ; and if one was removed , or left , a provisional governor - general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen . The first Governor - General of British India was Warren Hastings , and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Functions </Li> <Li> 3 Council </Li> <Li> 4 Style and title </Li> <Li> 5 Flag </Li> <Li> 6 Residence </Li> <Li> 7 Insignia </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Warren Hastings , the first Governor - General of Fort William from 1773 to 1785 . <P> Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the East India Company , which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal Emperor . In 1773 , motivated by corruption in the Company , the British government assumed partial control over the governance of India with the passage of the Regulating Act of 1773 . A Governor - General and Supreme Council of Bengal were appointed to rule over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal . The first Governor - General and Council were named in the Act . </P> <P> The Charter Act 1833 replaced the Governor - General and Council of Fort William with the Governor - General and Council of India . The power to elect the Governor - General was retained by the Court of Directors , but the choice became subject to the Sovereign 's approval . </P> <P> After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the East India Company 's territories in India were put under the direct control of the Sovereign . The Government of India Act 1858 vested the power to appoint the Governor - General in the Sovereign . The Governor - General , in turn , had the power to appoint all lieutenant governors in India , subject to the Sovereign 's approval . </P> <P> India and Pakistan acquired independence in 1947 , but Governors - General continued to be appointed over each nation until republican constitutions were written . Louis Mountbatten , 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma remained Governor - General of India for some time after independence , but the two nations were otherwise headed by native Governors - General . India became a secular republic in 1950 ; Pakistan became an Islamic one in 1956 . </P> <H2> Functions ( edit ) </H2> Lord Curzon in his robes as Viceroy of India , a post he held from 1899 to 1905 . Lord Mountbatten addressing the Chamber of Princes as Crown Representative in the 1940s <P> The Governor - General originally had power only over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal . The Regulating Act , however , granted them additional powers relating to foreign affairs and defence . The other Presidencies of the East India Company ( Madras , Bombay and Bencoolen ) were not allowed to declare war on or make peace with an Indian prince without receiving the prior approval of the Governor - General and Council of Fort William . </P> <P> The powers of the Governor - General , in respect of foreign affairs , were increased by the India Act 1784 . The Act provided that the other Governors under the East India Company could not declare war , make peace or conclude a treaty with an Indian prince unless expressly directed to do so by the Governor - General or by the Company 's Court of Directors . </P> <P> While the Governor - General thus became the controller of foreign policy in India , he was not the explicit head of British India . That status came only with the Charter Act 1833 , which granted him `` superintendence , direction and control of the whole civil and military Government '' of all of British India . The Act also granted legislative powers to the Governor - General and Council . </P> <P> After 1858 , the Governor - General ( now usually known as the Viceroy ) functioned as the chief administrator of India and as the Sovereign 's representative . India was divided into numerous provinces , each under the head of a Governor , Lieutenant Governor or Chief Commissioner or Administrator . Governors were appointed by the British Government , to whom they were directly responsible ; Lieutenant Governors , Chief Commissioners , and Administrators , however , were appointed by and were subordinate to the Viceroy . The Viceroy also oversaw the most powerful princely rulers : the Nizam of Hyderabad , the Maharaja of Mysore , the Maharaja ( Scindia ) of Gwalior , the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the Gaekwad ( Gaekwar ) Maharaja of Baroda . The remaining princely rulers were overseen either by the Rajputana Agency and Central India Agency , which were headed by representatives of the Viceroy , or by provincial authorities . </P> <P> The Chamber of Princes was an institution established in 1920 by a Royal Proclamation of King - Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the princely rulers could voice their needs and aspirations to the government . The chamber usually met only once a year , with the Viceroy presiding , but it appointed a Standing Committee , which met more often . </P> <P> Upon independence in August 1947 , the title of Viceroy was abolished . The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General . C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General . However , once India acquired independence , the Governor - General 's role became almost entirely ceremonial , with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet . After the nation became a republic in 1950 , the President of India continued to perform the same functions . </P> <H2> Council ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Council of India and Viceroy 's Executive Council The Viceregal Lodge in Simla , built in 1888 , was the summer residence of the Viceroy of India Viceregal Lodge , Delhi , where Viceroy Lord Hardinge stayed ( 1912 -- 31 ) , now the main building of the University of Delhi <P> The Governor - General was always advised by a Council on the exercise of his legislative and executive powers . The Governor - General , while exercising many functions , was referred to as the `` Governor - General in Council . '' </P> <P> The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company 's Court of Directors . The Governor - General had a vote along with the counsellors , but he also had an additional vote to break ties . The decision of the Council was binding on the Governor - General . </P> <P> In 1784 , the Council was reduced to three members ; the Governor - General continued to have both an ordinary vote and a casting vote . In 1786 , the power of the Governor - General was increased even further , as Council decisions ceased to be binding . </P> <P> The Charter Act 1833 made further changes to the structure of the Council . The Act was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative responsibilities of the Governor - General . As provided under the Act , there were to be four members of the Council elected by the Court of Directors . The first three members were permitted to participate on all occasions , but the fourth member was only allowed to sit and vote when legislation was being debated . </P> <P> In 1858 , the Court of Directors ceased to have the power to elect members of the Council . Instead , the one member who had a vote only on legislative questions came to be appointed by the Sovereign , and the other three members by the Secretary of State for India . </P> <P> The Indian Councils Act 1861 made several changes to the Council 's composition . Three

The first Governor-General of British India was Lord

Who was first governor general of british india?

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Heart of palm - wikipedia <H1> Heart of palm </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Fresh heart of palm <P> Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees ( notably the coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) , palmito juçara ( Euterpe edulis ) , Açaí palm ( Euterpe oleracea ) , sabal ( Sabal spp . ) , pupunha and pejibaye ( Bactris gasipaes ) palms ) . Harvesting of many non-cultivated or wild single - stemmed palms results in palm tree death ( e.g. Geonoma edulis ) . However , other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants ( e.g. Prestoea acuminata , Euterpe oleracea ) and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm . Heart of palm may be eaten on its own , and often it is eaten in a salad . </P> <P> An alternative to wild heart of palm are palm varieties which have undergone a process of adaptation to become a domesticated farm species . The main variety that has been domesticated is the botanical species Bactris gasipaes , known in Ecuador as chontaduro , in Brazil and Costa Rica as palmito , and in English as the peach palm . This variety is the most widely used for canning . Peach palms are self - suckering and produce multiple stems , up to 40 on one plant , so harvesting several stems from a plant is not so expensive because the plant can live on . Another advantage it has over other palms is that it has been selectively bred to eliminate the vicious thorns of its wild cousins . Since harvesting is still a labor - intensive task , palm hearts are regarded as a delicacy . </P> <P> As of 2008 , Costa Rica is the primary source of fresh palm hearts in the US . The Edible Palm Company located in Orlando , Florida has been the largest importer of sustainably farmed Fresh Hearts of Palm from Costa Rica to the United States since 2002 . Peach palm is also cultivated in Hawaii , and now has limited distribution on the mainland , primarily to the restaurant trade . Florida 's wild Sabal palmetto or cabbage palm was once a source of hearts of palm but is now protected by conservation law . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Harvesting </Li> <Li> 2 Nutrition </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Harvesting ( edit ) </H2> Heart of palm being prepared in Brazil for sale <P> When harvesting the cultivated young palm , the tree is cut down and the bark is removed leaving layers of white fibers around the center core . During processing the fibers are removed leaving the center core or heart of palm . The center core is attached to a slightly more fibrous cylindrical base with a larger diameter . The entire cylindrical center core and the attached base are edible . The center core is considered more of a delicacy because of its lower fiber content . </P> <H2> Nutrition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Heart of Palm <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nutritional value per 100 g ( 3.5 oz ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Energy </Th> <Td> 79.5 kJ ( 19.0 kcal ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carbohydrates </Th> <Td> 3.1 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sugars </Th> <Td> 0.0 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dietary fiber </Th> <Td> 1.6 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fat </Th> <Td> 0.39 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Protein </Th> <Td> 1.55 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Vitamins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin A equiv . </Th> <Td> ( 3 % ) 23.4 μg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin C </Th> <Td> ( 2 % ) 1.9 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Minerals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Calcium </Th> <Td> ( 5 % ) 47 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iron </Th> <Td> ( 16 % ) 2.09 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sodium </Th> <Td> ( 23 % ) 349 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Link to USDA Database entry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Units </Li> <Li> μg = micrograms mg = milligrams </Li> <Li> IU = International units </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults . Source : USDA Nutrient Database </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Hearts of palm is rich in fibers , potassium , iron , zinc , phosphorus , copper , vitamins B2 , B6 , and C. ( 1 ) </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Deckenia nobilis </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to heart of palm . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Sylvester , O. ; Avalos , G. ( 2009 ) . Illegal palm heart ( Geonoma edulis ) harvest in Costa Rican national parks : patterns of consumption and extraction . Economic Botany. 63 ( 2 ) : 179 - 189 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Zeldes , Leah A. ( 2010 - 11 - 17 ) . `` Eat this ! Heart of palm , an exotic taste of the tropics '' . Dining Chicago . Chicago 's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide , Inc . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 18 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Rose Kahele ( August -- September 2007 ) . `` Big Island Hearts '' . Hana Hou ! Vol. 10 , No. 4 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_of_palm&oldid=814257635 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Edible palms </Li> <Li> Stem vegetables </Li> <Li> Latin American cuisine </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Gaelg </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Basa Jawa </Li> <Li> Latina </Li> <Li> Lietuvių </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Tagalog </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 7 December 2017 , at 18 : 53 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The heart of palm on a palm tree is located in the

Where is the heart of palm on a palm tree?

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production ( 1957 ) Kert and Lawrence in the balcony scene ( 1957 ) <P> Prince began cutting the budget and raising money . Robbins then announced he did not want to choreograph the show , but changed his mind when Prince agreed to an eight - week dance rehearsal period ( instead of the customary four ) , since there was to be more dancing in West Side Story than in any previous Broadway show , and allowed Robbins to hire Peter Gennaro as his assistant . Originally , when considering the cast , Laurents wanted James Dean for the lead role of Tony , but the actor soon died . Sondheim found Larry Kert and Chita Rivera , who created the roles of Tony and Anita , respectively . Getting the work on stage was still not easy . Bernstein said : </P> <P> Everyone told us that ( West Side Story ) was an impossible project ... And we were told no one was going to be able to sing augmented fourths , as with `` Ma - ri - a '' ... Also , they said the score was too rangy for pop music ... Besides , who wanted to see a show in which the first - act curtain comes down on two dead bodies lying on the stage ? ... And then we had the really tough problem of casting it , because the characters had to be able not only to sing but dance and act and be taken for teenagers . Ultimately , some of the cast were teenagers , some were 21 , some were 30 but looked 16 . Some were wonderful singers but could n't dance very well , or vice versa ... and if they could do both , they could n't act . </P> <P> Throughout the rehearsal period , the New York newspapers were filled with articles about gang warfare , keeping the show 's plot timely . Robbins kept the cast members playing the Sharks and the Jets separate in order to discourage them from socializing with each other and reminded everyone of the reality of gang violence by posting news stories on the bulletin board backstage . Robbins wanted a gritty realism from his sneaker - and jeans - clad cast . He gave the ensemble more freedom than Broadway dancers had previously been given to interpret their roles , and the dancers were thrilled to be treated like actors instead of just choreographed bodies . As the rehearsals wore on , Bernstein fought to keep his score together , as other members of the team called on him to cut out more and more of the sweeping or complex `` operatic '' passages . Columbia Records initially declined to record the cast album , saying the score was too depressing and too difficult . </P> <P> There were problems with Oliver Smith 's designs . His painted backdrops were stunning , but the sets were , for the most part , either shabby looking or too stylized . Prince refused to spend money on new construction , and Smith was obliged to improve what he had as best he could with very little money to do it . The pre-Broadway run in Washington , D.C. was a critical and commercial success , although none of the reviews mentioned Sondheim , listed as co-lyricist , who was overshadowed by the better - known Bernstein . Bernstein magnanimously removed his name as co-author of the lyrics , although Sondheim was uncertain he wanted to receive sole credit for what he considered to be overly florid contributions by Bernstein . Robbins demanded and received a `` Conceived by '' credit , and used it to justify his making major decisions regarding changes in the show without consulting the others . As a result , by opening night on Broadway , none of his collaborators were talking to him . </P> <P> It has been rumored that while Bernstein was off trying to fix the musical Candide , Sondheim wrote some of the music for West Side Story , and that Bernstein 's co-lyricist billing mysteriously disappeared from the credits of West Side Story during the tryout , presumably as a trade - off . However , Suskin writes in Show Tunes that `` As the writing progressed and the extent of Bernstein 's lyric contributions became less , the composer agreed to rescind his credit ... Contrary to rumor , Sondheim did not write music for the show ; his only contribution came on `` Something 's Coming '' , where he developed the main strain of the chorus from music Bernstein wrote for the verse . ) </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Act 1 ( edit ) </H3> <P> Two rival teenage gangs , the Jets ( White Americans ) and the Sharks ( Puerto Rican immigrants ) , struggle for control of the neighborhood somewhere in the Upper West Side of New York City amidst the police ( Prologue ) . They are warned by Lt. Schrank and Officer Krupke to stop fighting on their beat . The police chase the Sharks off , and then the Jets plan how they can assure their continued dominance of the street . The Jets ' leader , Riff , suggests setting up a rumble with the Sharks . He plans to make the challenge to Bernardo , the Sharks ' leader , that night at the neighborhood dance . Riff wants to convince his friend and former member of the Jets , Tony , to meet the Jets at the dance . Some of the Jets are unsure of his loyalty , but Riff is adamant that Tony is still one of them ( `` Jet Song '' ) . Riff meets Tony while he 's working at Doc 's Drugstore to persuade him to come . Tony initially refuses , but Riff wins him over . Tony is convinced that something important is round the corner ( `` Something 's Coming '' ) . </P> <P> Maria works in a bridal shop with Anita , the girlfriend of her brother , Bernardo . Maria has just arrived from Puerto Rico for her arranged marriage to Chino , a friend of Bernardo 's . Maria confesses to Anita that she is not in love with Chino . Anita makes Maria a dress to wear to the neighborhood dance . </P> The Shark girls extol the virtues of `` America '' in Portland Center Stage 's production of West Side Story in 2007 . <P> At the dance , after introductions , the teenagers begin to dance ; soon a challenge dance is called ( `` Dance at the Gym '' ) , during which Tony and Maria ( who are n't taking part in the challenge dance ) see each other across the room and are drawn to each other . They dance together , forgetting the tension in the room , and fall in love , but Bernardo pulls his sister from Tony and sends her home . Riff and Bernardo agree to meet for a War Council at Doc 's , a drug store which is considered neutral ground , but meanwhile , an infatuated and happy Tony finds Maria 's building and serenades her outside her bedroom ( `` Maria '' ) . She appears on her fire escape , and the two profess their love for one another ( `` Tonight '' ) . Meanwhile , Anita , Rosalia , and the other Shark girls discuss the differences between the territory of Puerto Rico and the mainland United States of America , with Anita defending America , and Rosalia yearning for Puerto Rico ( `` America '' ) . </P> <P> The Jets get antsy while waiting for the Sharks inside Doc 's Drug Store . Riff helps them let out their aggression ( `` Cool '' ) . The Sharks arrive to discuss weapons to use in the rumble . Tony suggests `` a fair fight '' ( fists only ) , which the leaders agree to , despite the other members ' protests . Bernardo believes that he will fight Tony , but must settle for fighting Diesel , Riff 's second - in - command , instead . This is followed by a monologue by the ineffective Lt. Schrank trying to find out the location of the rumble . Tony tells Doc about Maria . Doc is worried for them while Tony is convinced that nothing can go wrong ; he is in love . </P> Tony stabs Bernardo in the 1957 Broadway production . <P> The next day , Maria is in a very happy mood at the bridal shop , as she anticipates seeing Tony again . However , she learns about the upcoming rumble from Anita and is dismayed . When Tony arrives , Maria asks him to stop the fight altogether , which he agrees to do . Before he goes , they dream of their wedding ( `` One Hand , One Heart '' ) . Tony , Maria , Anita , Bernardo and the Sharks , and Riff and the Jets all anticipate the events to come that night ( `` Tonight Quintet '' ) . The gangs meet under the highway and , as the fight between Bernardo and Diesel begins , Tony arrives and tries to stop it . Though Bernardo taunts and provokes Tony , ridiculing his attempt to make peace , Tony keeps his composure . When Bernardo pushes Tony , Riff punches him in Tony 's defense . The two draw their switchblades and get in a fight ( `` The Rumble '' ) . Tony attempts to intervene , inadvertently leading to Riff being fatally stabbed by Bernardo . Tony kills Bernardo in a fit of rage , which in turn provokes an all - out fight like the fight in the Prologue . The sound of approaching police sirens is heard , and everyone scatters , except Tony , who stands in shock at what he has done . The tomboy Anybodys , who stubbornly wishes that she could become a Jet , tells Tony to flee from the scene at the last moment and flees with the knives . Only the bodies of Riff and Bernardo remain . </P> <H3> Act 2 ( edit ) </H3> Tony ( Justin Gordon ) and Maria ( Erica Racz ) in a Pacific Repertory Theatre production in 2001 . <P> Blissfully unaware of the gangs ' plans for that night , Maria daydreams with her friends , Rosalia , Consuelo , Teresita and Francisca , about seeing Tony ( `` I Feel Pretty '' ) . Later , as Maria dances on the roof happily because she has seen Tony and believes he went to stop the rumble , Chino brings the news that Tony has killed Bernardo . Maria flees to her bedroom , praying that Chino is lying . Tony arrives to see Maria and she initially pounds on his chest with rage , but she still loves him . They plan to run away together . As the walls of Maria 's bedroom disappear , they find themselves in a dreamlike world of peace ( `` Somewhere '' ) . </P> <P> Two of the Jets , A-Rab and Baby John , are set on by Officer Krupke , but they manage to escape him . They meet the rest of the gang . To cheer themselves up , they lampoon Officer Krupke , and the other adults who do n't understand them ( `` Gee , Officer Krupke '' ) . Anybodys arrives and tells the Jets she has been spying on the Puerto Ricans ; she has discovered that Chino is looking for Tony with a gun . The gang separates to find Tony . Action has taken charge ; he accepts Anybodys into the Jets and includes her in the search . </P> <P> A grieving Anita arrives at Maria 's apartment . As Tony leaves , he tells Maria to meet him at Doc 's so

When the audience first meets Maria and Anita,

What are maria and anita doing when the audience first meets them?

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Blood Swept Lands and Seas of red - wikipedia <H1> Blood Swept Lands and Seas of red </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> For the centenary of the outbreak of World War I </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Established </Th> <Td> 17 July 2014 ( 2014 - 07 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Unveiled </Th> <Td> 11 November 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> 51 ° 30 ′ 33 '' N 0 ° 04 ′ 31 '' W  /  51.50912 ° N 0.07528 ° W  / 51.50912 ; - 0.07528 Coordinates : 51 ° 30 ′ 33 '' N 0 ° 04 ′ 31 '' W  /  51.50912 ° N 0.07528 ° W  / 51.50912 ; - 0.07528 moat at the Tower of London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designed by </Th> <Td> Paul Cummins Tom Piper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total commemorated </Th> <Td> 888,246 by ceramic poppies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Statistics source : Tower of London Remembers </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red was a work of installation art placed in the moat of the Tower of London , England , between July and November 2014 , commemorating the centenary of the outbreak of World War I. It consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppies , each intended to represent one British or Colonial serviceman killed in the War . The artist was Paul Cummins , with setting by stage designer Tom Piper . The work 's title was taken from the first line of a poem by an unknown World War I soldier . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Form </Li> <Li> 3 Official visits and public reaction </Li> <Li> 4 Critical reaction </Li> <Li> 5 UK tour </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The work 's title , and Cummins ' inspiration for the work , came from a poem by an unknown World War I soldier from Derbyshire , who joined up in the early days of the war and died in Flanders . The poem begins : `` The blood swept lands and seas of red , / Where angels dare to tread / ... `` . The poem was contained in the soldier 's unsigned will , found by Cummins among old records in Chesterfield . </P> <P> The Tower of London moat , in which the work was set , was used in the early days of the war as a training ground for City of London workers who had enlisted to fight -- the `` Stockbrokers ' Battalion '' . </P> <H2> Form ( edit ) </H2> <P> The work consisted of a sea of ceramic red poppies , which were individually hand - made at Cummins ' ceramics works in Derbyshire , and some at Johnson Tiles in Tunstall , Stoke - on - Trent . The poppies were added to the installation progressively by volunteers . The 497,000 kg of the Etruria Marl - based Etruscan red earthenware used , as well as the majority of the manufacturing equipment and materials , were supplied by Potclays Limited in Stoke - on - Trent There were eventually 888,246 of the flowers , representing one count of the number of British and Colonial military fatalities in World War I . The sea of flowers was arranged to resemble a pool of blood which appeared to be pouring out of a bastion window ( the `` Weeping Window '' ) . </P> <P> </P> <P> The first poppy was planted on 17 July 2014 , and the work was unveiled on 5 August ( the centenary of Britain 's entry into the war ) . A team of about 17,500 volunteers put the poppies in place . The last one was planted on 11 November 2014 ( Remembrance Day ) , by a 13 - year - old cadet , Harry Hayes , from the Combined Cadet Force ( CCF ) of Reading Blue Coat School . After that day a team of about 8000 volunteers began removing the flowers . Members of the public had been able to pre-order the ceramic poppies for £ 25 each , with a share of the proceeds ( estimated at more than £ 15 million ) going to six service charities : COBSEO , Combat Stress , Coming Home , Help for Heroes , the Royal British Legion and SSAFA . </P> <P> At around sunset each day between 1 September and 10 November , the names of 180 World War I service personnel , nominated by members of the public to appear on a Roll of Honour , were read aloud by a Yeoman Warder , followed by the Last Post bugle call . </P> <H2> Official visits and public reaction ( edit ) </H2> Reading of the Roll of Honour , to be followed by playing of the Last Post <P> The installation was visited by the Princes William and Harry and the Duchess of Cambridge on the day of its opening , and by the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh on 16 October . The Queen later spoke about the memorial in her annual Christmas Message , broadcast on 25 December 2014 . </P> <P> </P> Poppies from the display with a certificate in a cabinet at a church <P> In all , an estimated five million people saw the memorial , and the huge visitor demand saw Prime Minister David Cameron and other politicians join calls to try and extend the period for which the installation remained at the Tower so that more visitors would be able to pay their respects . Cummins and Tower officials resisted such calls , stating that the transience of the installation was a key part of the artistic concept , and that the poppies would be removed as planned and distributed to their purchasers . On 8 November it was announced that the Wave segment -- a steel construction with poppies around the Tower entrance -- would remain in place until the end of the month , and that the Wave and the Weeping Window segments ( both made by the Theatre Royal , Plymouth ) would be taken on a tour of the UK , organised by 14 - 18 NOW , lasting until 2018 and would then go on permanent display at the Imperial War Museums in London and Manchester . A campaign was launched in December 2014 to bring the sculptural elements to Stoke - on - Trent during the tour itinerary as the majority of materials and much of the piece itself were manufactured in the city . In April 2016 , about halfway through the tour , the Weeping Windows segment was installed at St. Magnus Cathedral in Kirkwall , Orkney , Britain 's most northerly cathedral , to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Jutland , the biggest naval engagement of the First World War . </P> <P> In recognition of the work , Paul Cummins and Tom Piper were both awarded the MBE ( Member of the Order of the British Empire ) in the 2015 New Year Honours . </P> <H2> Critical reaction ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although the installation struck a chord with the public , it received negative reactions from some press critics . A.A. Gill of The Sunday Times called it `` impressive '' but `` curiously bland '' . The Guardian 's art critic Jonathan Jones described it as having a `` false nobility '' and being a `` prettified and toothless '' memorial . Tom Piper said in response that `` ... it is a remarkably good thing that it is so accessible . We should not be trying to create something that is difficult to understand . '' </P> <H2> UK tour ( edit ) </H2> <P> In November 2014 , it was announced that Wave and the Weeping Window segments would tour to venues around the UK until 2018 . This was organised by 14 - 18 NOW . The scheduled venues were : </P> <Ul> <Li> Woodhorn Museum , Ashington ; </Li> <Li> St George 's Hall , Liverpool </Li> <Li> Yorkshire Sculpture Park </Li> <Li> St Magnus Cathedral , Kirkwall </Li> <Li> Lincoln Castle </Li> <Li> Black Watch Museum , Perth </Li> <Li> Caernarfon Castle </Li> <Li> Hull Maritime Museum </Li> <Li> The Silk Mill , Derby </Li> <Li> Barge Pier , Shoeburyness </Li> <Li> Ulster Museum , Belfast </Li> <Li> National Assembly for Wales , Cardiff </Li> <Li> Plymouth Naval Memorial </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Remembrance poppy </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tower of London Remembers '' . Historic Royal Palaces . Retrieved 25 May 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` About the installation '' , Tower of London website . Retrieved 17 October 2014 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Some sources give `` ... fear to tread ... '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Will of an unnamed soldier '' , SSAFA website ( contains full text of poem ) . Retrieved 9 April 2015 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Poppies to fill Tower of London moat in first world war commemoration '' , The Guardian , 7 May 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Campaign launched to bring the Tower of London poppies to Stoke - on - Trent '' , The Sentinel , 12 December 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Johnson Tiles helps poppies bloom at Tower of London '' , Johnson Tiles website , 5 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The poppies at the Tower of London '' , BBC News , 7 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Business-Family-firm-Potclays-supplies-materials/story-21090630-detail/story.html ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tower poppies ' debt to the Potteries '' , The Guardian , 29 December 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2010 -- 2011 Archived 4 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine ... This includes a table of numbers of war dead ( page 45 ) ; 888,246 is the figure for identified burials and names listed on memorials , for the UK and colonies ( not including dominions ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cadet Harry Hayes , 13 , plants last of 888,246 poppies in Tower of London moat '' , The Daily Telegraph , 11 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tower of London poppies : Volunteers to remove ceramic flowers '' , BBC News , 12 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Removal of Tower of London poppies ' at halfway point ' '' , BBC News , 19 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Roll of Honour -- Submit your nomination '' . Historic Royal Palaces -- Tower of London . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kate , William and Harry visit blood red sea of poppies '' , royalista.com , 6 August 2014 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Queen visits Tower of London poppy garden '' , BBC News , 16 October 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Queen visits Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red installation '' , The Guardian , 16 October 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tower of London poppies : Final poppy is ' planted ' '' , BBC News , 11 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` David Cameron joins plea to extend Tower of London poppies '' , The Daily Telegraph , 7 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Tower of London poppies to be removed as planned on 12 November ''

The poppies at the Tower of London were created by

Who made the poppies at tower of london?

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Inner core - wikipedia <H1> Inner core </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the cores of other planetary bodies , see Planetary core . For a broader coverage related to this topic , see Earth core . The internal structure of Earth <P> The Earth 's inner core is the Earth 's innermost part . It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres ( 760 miles ) , which is about 70 % of the Moon 's radius . It is composed of an iron -- nickel alloy and some other elements . The temperature at the inner core 's surface is approximately 5,700 K ( 5,430 ° C ) , which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Discovery </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Temperature and pressure </Li> <Li> 4 Dynamics </Li> <Li> 5 History </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Discovery ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Earth was discovered to have a solid inner core distinct from its molten outer core in 1936 , by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann , who deduced its presence by studying seismograms from earthquakes in New Zealand . She observed that the seismic waves reflect off the boundary of the inner core and can be detected by sensitive seismographs on the Earth 's surface . This boundary is known as the Bullen discontinuity , or sometimes as the Lehmann discontinuity . A few years later , in 1940 , it was hypothesized that this inner core was made of solid iron ; its rigidity was confirmed in 1971 . </P> <P> The outer core was determined to be molten from observations showing that compressional waves pass through it , but elastic shear waves do not -- or do so only very weakly . The solidity of the inner core had been difficult to establish because the elastic shear waves that are expected to pass through a solid mass are very weak and difficult for seismographs on the Earth 's surface to detect , since they become so attenuated on their way from the inner core to the surface by their passage through the liquid outer core . Dziewonski and Gilbert established that measurements of normal modes of vibration of Earth caused by large earthquakes were consistent with a liquid outer core . It has recently been claimed that shear waves have been detected passing through the inner core ; these claims were initially controversial , but are now gaining acceptance . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> Based on the relative prevalence of various chemical elements in the Solar System , the theory of planetary formation , and constraints imposed or implied by the chemistry of the rest of the Earth 's volume , the inner core is believed to consist primarily of a nickel - iron alloy . Pure iron was found to be denser than the core by approximately 3 % , implying the presence of light elements in the core ( e.g. silicon , oxygen , sulfur ) in addition to the probable presence of nickel . </P> <P> Further , if the primordial and mostly fluid ( still forming ) earth contained any significant mass ( es ) of elements denser than iron and nickel , namely the white ( appearance ) precious metals ( and a few others ) except silver , specifically the siderophile elements then these would necessarily have differentiated to the very center of the core into concentric nested spheres by Planetary differentiation . The most dense ( and stable , i.e. platinum , iridium , and osmium , ( etc . ) in order of density ) of these forming the innermost spheroid ( s ) . While unstable elements of such trans - iron / nickel density would have mostly decayed to iron / nickel / lead by the time the earth formed a discrete core . </P> See also : Densities of the elements ( data page ) <P> It then necessarily follows that all , or almost all , of these denser elements we have mined ( or are even able to ) at the surface ( or near surface , or even at all `` above '' the core ) have been delivered later as part of impact objects / masses . </P> <H2> Temperature and pressure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The temperature of the inner core can be estimated by considering both the theoretical and the experimentally demonstrated constraints on the melting temperature of impure iron at the pressure which iron is under at the boundary of the inner core ( about 330 GPa ) . These considerations suggest that its temperature is about 5,700 K ( 5,400 ° C ; 9,800 ° F ) . The pressure in the Earth 's inner core is slightly higher than it is at the boundary between the outer and inner cores : it ranges from about 330 to 360 gigapascals ( 3,300,000 to 3,600,000 atm ) . Iron can be solid at such high temperatures only because its melting temperature increases dramatically at pressures of that magnitude ( see the Clausius -- Clapeyron relation ) . </P> <P> A report published in the journal Science concludes that the melting temperature of iron at the inner core boundary is 6230 ± 500 K . </P> <H2> Dynamics ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Earth 's inner core is thought to be slowly growing as the liquid outer core at the boundary with the inner core cools and solidifies due to the gradual cooling of the Earth 's interior ( about 100 degrees Celsius per billion years ) . Many scientists had initially expected that the inner core would be found to be homogeneous , because the solid inner core was originally formed by a gradual cooling of molten material , and continues to grow as a result of that same process . Even though it is growing into liquid , it is solid , due to the very high pressure that keeps it compacted together even if the temperature is extremely high . It was even suggested that Earth 's inner core might be a single crystal of iron . However , this prediction was disproved by observations indicating that in fact there is a degree of disorder within the inner core . Seismologists have found that the inner core is not completely uniform , but instead contains large - scale structures such that seismic waves pass more rapidly through some parts of the inner core than through others . In addition , the properties of the inner core 's surface vary from place to place across distances as small as 1 km . This variation is surprising , since lateral temperature variations along the inner - core boundary are known to be extremely small ( this conclusion is confidently constrained by magnetic field observations ) . Recent discoveries suggest that the solid inner core itself is composed of layers , separated by a transition zone about 250 to 400 km thick . If the inner core grows by small frozen sediments falling onto its surface , then some liquid can also be trapped in the pore spaces and some of this residual fluid may still persist to some small degree in much of its interior . </P> <P> Because the inner core is not rigidly connected to the Earth 's solid mantle , the possibility that it rotates slightly faster or slower than the rest of Earth has long been entertained . In the 1990s , seismologists made various claims about detecting this kind of super-rotation by observing changes in the characteristics of seismic waves passing through the inner core over several decades , using the aforementioned property that it transmits waves faster in some directions . Estimates of this super-rotation are around one degree of extra rotation per year . </P> <P> Growth of the inner core is thought to play an important role in the generation of Earth 's magnetic field by dynamo action in the liquid outer core . This occurs mostly because it can not dissolve the same amount of light elements as the outer core and therefore freezing at the inner core boundary produces a residual liquid that contains more light elements than the overlying liquid . This causes it to become buoyant and helps drive convection of the outer core . The existence of the inner core also changes the dynamic motions of liquid in the outer core as it grows and may help fix the magnetic field since it is expected to be a great deal more resistant to flow than the outer core liquid ( which is expected to be turbulent ) . </P> <P> Speculation also continues that the inner core might have exhibited a variety of internal deformation patterns . This may be necessary to explain why seismic waves pass more rapidly in some directions than in others . Because thermal convection alone appears to be improbable , any buoyant convection motions will have to be driven by variations in composition or abundance of liquid in its interior . S. Yoshida and colleagues proposed a novel mechanism whereby deformation of the inner core can be caused by a higher rate of freezing at the equator than at polar latitudes , and S. Karato proposed that changes in the magnetic field might also deform the inner core slowly over time . </P> <P> There is an East -- West asymmetry in the inner core seismological data . There is a model which explains this by differences at the surface of the inner core -- melting in one hemisphere and crystallization in the other . The western hemisphere of the inner core may be crystallizing , whereas the eastern hemisphere may be melting . This may lead to enhanced magnetic field generation in the crystallizing hemisphere , creating the asymmetry in the Earth 's magnetic field . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of the Earth <P> Based on rates of cooling of the core , it is estimated that the current solid inner core started solidifying approximately 0.5 to 2 billion years ago out of a fully molten core ( which formed just after planetary formation ) . If true , this would mean that the Earth 's solid inner core is not a primordial feature that was present during the planet 's formation , but a feature younger than the Earth ( the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old ) . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Wikibook Historical Geology has a page on the topic of : Structure of the Earth </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Geodynamics </Li> <Li> Iron meteorite </Li> <Li> Structure of the Earth </Li> <Li> Travel to the Earth 's center </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Monnereau , Marc ; Calvet , Marie ; Margerin , Ludovic ; Souriau , Annie ( May 21 , 2010 ) . `` Lopsided Growth of Earth 's Inner Core '' . Science . 328 ( 5981 ) : 1014 -- 1017 . Bibcode : 2010Sci ... 328.1014 M . doi : 10.1126 / science. 1186212 . PMID 20395477 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ E.R. Engdahl ; E.A. Flynn & R.P. Massé ( 1974 ) . `` Differential PkiKP travel times and the radius of the core '' . Geophys . J.R. Astron . Soc. 40 ( 3 ) : 457 -- 463 . Bibcode : 1974GeoJI ... 39 ... 457E . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 246X. 1974. tb05467. x . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : D. Alfè ; M. Gillan & G.D. Price ( January 30 , 2002 ) . `` Composition and temperature of the Earth 's core constrained by combining ab initio calculations and seismic data '' ( PDF ) . Earth and Planetary Science Letters . Elsevier . 195 ( 1 -- 2 ) : 91 -- 98 .

The inner core of the Earth is composed of an iron-nickel alloy and

What is the inner core of the earth made from?

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with British forces through the campaigns in New York and New Jersey . In all 25,000 hired auxiliaries served with Britain in the various campaigns during the war . </P> <P> The German units were found to be different in tactics and approach to the regular British troops . Many British officers regarded the German regiments as slow in mobility , therefore British generals utilised them as heavy infantry . This is primarily because of the German officers ' reluctance to adopt loose formations . British Lieutenant William Hale commented on the tactical limitations of the German tactical methods : `` I believe them steady , but their slowness is of the greatest disadvantage in a country almost covered with woods , and against an enemy whose chief qualification is agility in running from fence to fence keeping up an irregular , but galling fire on troops who advance with the same pace as at their exercise ... At Brandywine , when the first line formed , the Hessian Grenadiers were close to our rear , and began beating their march at the same time as us . From that minute we saw them no more until the action was over , and only one man of them was wounded , by a random shot which came over us . '' </P> <P> The Hessians served in some capacity in most of the major battles of the war . Duke Karl I provided Great Britain with almost 4,000 foot soldiers and 350 dragoons under General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel . These soldiers were the majority of the German regulars under General John Burgoyne in the Saratoga campaign of 1777 , and were generally referred to as `` Brunswickers . '' The combined forces from Braunschwieg and Hesse - Hanau accounted for nearly half of Burgoyne 's army . </P> <P> The Jagers were greatly prized by British commanders , their skill in skirmishing and scouting meant they continued to serve in the Southern campaigns under Cornwallis until the end of the war . </P> <P> Soldiers from Hanover also formed part of the garrisons at Gibraltar and Minorca , and two regiments participated in the Siege of Cuddalore . </P> <P> Other than mercenary troops , the Company army serving in India consisted of regular British troops alongside native Indian Sepoys . Foreigners were also present among the regular British officer corps . The Swiss - born Major - General Augustine Prévost commanded the successful defense of Savannah in 1779 . The former Jacobite officer Allan Maclean of Torloisk , who had previously held commission in the Dutch service , was second in command during the successful defense of Quebec in 1775 . Another Swiss - born officer Frederick Haldimand served as Governor of Quebec in the later stages of the war . Huguenots , and exiled Corsicans also served amongst the regular and officers ranks . </P> <H2> Campaigns ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Boston 1774 - 75 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Boston campaign British assault on Breed 's Hill . <P> `` The rebels have done more in one night than my whole army would have done in a month . '' -- General Howe , March 5 , 1776 </P> <P> British troops had been stationed in Boston since 1769 amid rising tensions between colonial subjects and the parliament in Great Britain . Fearing the impending insurrection General Thomas Gage dispatched an expedition to remove gunpowder from the powder magazine in Massachusetts on 1 September 1774 . The next year on the night of April 18 , 1775 , General Gage sent a further 700 men to seize munitions stored by the colonial militia at Concord . The Battles of Lexington and Concord were fought . The British troops stationed in Boston were inexperienced , and by the time the redcoats began the return march to Boston , several thousand militiamen had gathered along the road . A running battle ensued , and the British detachment suffered heavily before reaching Charlestown . The British army in Boston found itself under siege by thousands of colonial militia . On June 17 , British forces now under the command of General William Howe attacked and seized the Charlestown peninsula in the Battle of Bunker Hill . Although successful in his objective , the British forces suffered heavy casualties in taking the position . Both sides remained at stalemate until guns were placed on the Dorchester Heights , at which point Howe 's position became untenable and the British abandoned Boston entirely . </P> <H3> Canada 1775 - 76 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Invasion of Canada ( 1775 ) British regulars and Canadian militia repulse American assault on Quebec . <P> After capturing Fort Ticonderoga , American forces under the command of General Richard Montgomery launched an invasion of British controlled Canada . They besieged and captured Fort Saint - Jean , while another army moved on Montreal . However they were defeated at the Battle of Quebec and British forces under the command of General Guy Carleton launched a counter invasion which drove the colonial forces from the province entirely and reached all the way to Lake Chaplain , however came short of recapturing Fort Ticonderoga . </P> <H3> New York and New Jersey 1776 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : New York and New Jersey campaign <P> `` I can not too much commend Lord Cornwallis 's good services during this campaign , and particularly the ability and conduct he displayed in the pursuit of the enemy from Fort Lee to Trenton , a distance exceding eighty miles , in which he was well supported by the ardour of his corps , who cheerfully quitted their tents and heavy baggage as impediments to their march . '' -- General Howe , December 20 , 1776 </P> <P> After withdrawing from Boston , Howe immediately began preparations to seize New York which was considered the ' hinge ' of the colonies . In late August , 22,000 men ( including 9,000 Hessians ) were rapidly landed on Long Island using flat bottomed boats , this would be the largest amphibious operation undertaken by the British army until the Normandy landings almost 200 years later . In the ensuing Battle of Long Island on August 27 , 1776 , the British outflanked the American positions , driving the Americans back to the Brooklyn Heights fortifications . General Howe not wishing to risk the lives of his men in a bloody frontal assault then began to lay siege works . The navy had failed to properly blockade the East river which left an escape route open for Washington 's army , which he fully exploited , managing a nighttime retreat through his unguarded rear to Manhattan Island . British forces then fought a series of actions to consolidate control of Manhattan Island , culminating in the Battle of Fort Washington which resulted in the capture of close to 3,000 Continental troops . Following the conquest of Manhattan , Howe ordered Charles Cornwallis to `` clear the rebel troops from New Jersey without a major engagement , and to do it quickly before the weather changed . '' Cornwallis ' force drove Washington 's army entirely from New Jersey and across the Delaware River . However , in the pre-dawn hours of December 26 , Washington crossed back into New Jersey and captured a garrison of Hessians at Trenton . Several days later , Washington outmaneuvered Cornwallis at Assunpink Creek and overwhelmed a British outpost at Princeton on January 3 , 1777 . Cornwallis rallied and again drove Washington away , however the defeats showed the British army had become too overstretched and Howe abandoned most of his outposts in New Jersey . </P> <H3> Saratoga 1777 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Saratoga campaign The surrender of General Burgoyne 's army at Saratoga . <P> `` I fear it bears heavy on Burgoyne ... If this campaign does not finish the war , I prophesy that there is an end of British dominion in America . '' -- General Henry Clinton , July , 1777 </P> <P> Following the failure of the New York and New Jersey campaign to bring about a decisive victory over the Americans , the British army adopted a radically new strategy . Two armies would invade from the north to capture Albany , one of 8,000 men ( British and Germans ) under the command of General John Burgoyne , and another of 1,000 men ( British , German , Indian , Loyalists , Canadians ) under Brigadier General Barry St. Leger , while a third army under the command of General Howe would advance from New York in support . Through poor co-ordination and unclear orders the plan failed . Howe believed that he could not support a Northern army until the threat of Washington 's army had been dealt with and moved on Philadelphia instead . The early stages of Burgoyne 's campaign met with success , capturing the forts Crown Point , Ticonderoga and Anne . However part of his army was destroyed at Bennington . After winning a hard fought battle at Freeman 's Farm , bought with heavy casualties , Burgoyne complained at the inexperience of his soldiers , that his men were too impetuous and uncertain in their aim , and that his troops remained in position to exchange volleys too long , rather than switch to the bayonet . Following the battle he ordered the retraining of his army . Burgoyne did not want to lose the initiative and immediately prepared a second assault to puncture the Gates ' army scheduled for the following morning , however his subordinate General Fraser advised him of the fatigued state of the British light infantry and Grenadiers and that a renewed assault following a further night 's rest would be carried out with greater vivacity . That night Burgoyne received word that Clinton would launch his own offensive . The news convinced Burgoyne to wait , believing that the American General Gates would be forced to commit part of his own force to oppose Clinton , however Gates was being continually reinforced . Burgoyne launched the second attempt to breakthrough the American lines early in the following month which failed at Bemis Heights with losses that Burgoyne 's force could not sustain . Burgoyne was finally compelled surrender after it had become clear he was surrounded . Burgoyne 's campaign tactics were greatly criticised , the composition of his force was disjointed , and his decision to overload his army with artillery ( expecting a long siege ) meant his army could not advance rapidly enough through the difficult terrain , allowing the Americans too much time to gather an overwhelming force to oppose him . The defeat had far reaching consequences as the French ( who had already been secretly supporting the colonists ) decided to openly support the rebellion and eventually declared war on Britain in 1778 . </P> <H3> Philadelphia 1777 - 78 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Philadelphia campaign <P> `` ... I do not think that there exists a more select corps than that which General Howe has assembled here . I am too young and have seen too few different corps , to ask others to take my word ; but old Hessian and old English officers who have served a long time , say that they have never seen such a corps in respect to quality ... '' -- Captain Muenchhausen , June , 1777 </P> <P> While Burgoyne invaded from the North , Howe took an army of 15,000 men ( including 3,500 Hessians ) by sea to attack Philadelphia . Howe rapidly outflanked Washington at the Battle of Brandywine , but most of Washington 's army managed to escape destruction . After inconclusive skirmishing with Washington 's army at the Battle of the Clouds , a battalion of British light infantry were accused of committing a massacre in a surprise assault on a rebel camp at the Battle of Paoli . All remaining resistance to Howe was eliminated in this attack ,

The British Army launched a successful invasion in 1776 on

Where did the british army launch a successful invasion in 1776?

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Jackson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Thriller </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Get on the Floor '' ( US ) </Li> <Li> `` Burn This Disco Out '' ( UK ) </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Stop ' Til You Get Enough '' ( live with The Jacksons ) </Li> <Li> `` Working Day and Night '' </Li> <Li> `` Largate ( Beat It ) '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 14 , 1983 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' single </Li> <Li> 12 '' single </Li> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> Mini CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hard rock </Li> <Li> dance - rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Epic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Quincy Jones </Li> <Li> Michael Jackson ( co-producer ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Michael Jackson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Billie Jean '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` Beat It '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` Wanna Be Startin ' Somethin ' '' ( 1983 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Billie Jean '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` Beat It '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` Wanna Be Startin ' Somethin ' '' ( 1983 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Beat It '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Beat It '' is a song written and performed by American singer Michael Jackson from his sixth solo album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . The song was produced by Quincy Jones together with Jackson . Following the successful chart performances of the Thriller singles `` The Girl Is Mine '' and `` Billie Jean '' , `` Beat It '' was released on February 14 , 1983 as the album 's third single . The song is also notable for its famous video , which featured Jackson bringing two gangs together through the power of music and dance . </P> <P> `` Beat It '' received the 1984 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Male Rock Vocal Performance , as well as two American Music Awards . It was inducted into the Music Video Producers Hall of Fame . The single , along with its music video , helped propel Thriller into becoming the best - selling album of all time . The single was certified platinum in the United States in 1989 . Rolling Stone placed `` Beat It '' on the 344th spot of its list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . The song was also ranked number 81 on Rolling Stone 's `` 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time '' . </P> <P> In the decades since its release , `` Beat It '' has been covered , parodied , and sampled by numerous artists including Fall Out Boy , Alvin and the Chipmunks , Fergie , and `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . The song was also featured in the National Highway Safety Commission 's anti-drunk driving campaign . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production and composition </Li> <Li> 2 Release and reception </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Legacy </Li> <Li> 6 Format and track listing </Li> <Li> 7 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 8.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 8.3 Sales and certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Beat It 2008 <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Reception </Li> <Li> 9.2 Charts </Li> <Li> 9.3 Remix credits </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Fall Out Boy version <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Background , recording and release </Li> <Li> 10.2 Music video </Li> <Li> 10.3 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production and composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Beat It '' was composed by Michael Jackson for his Thriller album . Producer Quincy Jones had wanted to include a rock and roll song in the vein of the Knack 's `` My Sharona '' , though Jackson reportedly had never previously shown an interest in the genre . Jackson later said of `` Beat It '' , `` I wanted to write a song , the type of song that I would buy if I were to buy a rock song ... That is how I approached it and I wanted the children to really enjoy it -- the school children as well as the college students . '' Jermaine Jackson has suggested the inspiration of `` Beat It '' and its video came from the Jackson family experiencing gang activity in Gary , Indiana . `` From our front window , we witnessed , about three bad rumbles between rival gangs . '' </P> <P> Upon hearing the first recorded vocals , Jones stated that it was exactly what he was looking for . The song begins with seven distinct synthesizer notes played on the Synclavier digital synthesizer , with Tom Bahler credited for the Synclavier performance on the song . The intro is taken note for note from a demo LP released the year before , called `` The Incredible Sounds of Synclavier II '' first published in 1981 by Denny Jaeger Creative Services , Inc and sold by New England Digital , makers of the Synclavier . </P> <P> Eddie Van Halen , lead guitarist of hard rock band Van Halen , was asked to add a guitar solo . When initially contacted by Jones , Van Halen thought he was receiving a prank call . Having established that the call was genuine , Van Halen borrowed an amplifier from guitarist Allan Holdsworth and recorded his guitar solo free of any charge . `` I did it as a favor '' , the musician later said . `` I was a complete fool , according to the rest of the band , our manager and everyone else . I was not used . I knew what I was doing -- I do n't do something unless I want to do it . '' Van Halen recorded his contribution following Jones and Jackson arriving at the guitarist 's house with a `` skeleton version '' of the song . Fellow guitarist Steve Lukather recalled , `` Initially , we rocked it out as Eddie had played a good solo -- but Quincy thought it was too tough . So I had to reduce the distorted guitar sound and that is what was released . '' The song was among the last four completed for Thriller ; the others were `` Human Nature '' , `` P.Y.T. ( Pretty Young Thing ) '' and `` The Lady in My Life '' . </P> <P> Right before Van Halen 's guitar solo begins , a noise is heard that sounds like somebody knocking at a door . It is reported that the knock was a person walking into Eddie 's recording studio . Another story has claimed that the sound was simply the musician knocking on his own guitar . The sound , however , is that of Jackson knocking on a drum case , as he is credited in the album 's liner notes . </P> <P> The engineers were shocked during the recording of Van Halen 's solo to discover that the sound of his guitar had caused the monitor speaker in the control room to catch fire , causing one to exclaim , `` This must be really good ! '' </P> <P> The lyrics of `` Beat It '' have been described as a `` sad commentary on human nature '' . The line `` do n't be a macho man '' is said to express Jackson 's dislike of violence , whilst also referring to the childhood abuse he faced at the hands of his father Joseph . The song is played in the key of E ♭ minor at a moderately fast tempo of 138 -- 139 beats per minute . In the song , Jackson 's vocal range is B3 to D5 . </P> <P> Drums on the song were played by Toto co-founder Jeff Porcaro . </P> <P> A remix of `` 2 Bad '' , is featured on Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix containing a sample of `` Beat It '' as well as a rap by John Forté and guitar solo by Wyclef Jean . </P> <H2> Release and reception ( edit ) </H2> `` The uncredited guitarist who whipped out the fluttering , squealing solo on this ode to macho cowardice was Eddie Van Halen . The aerodynamic metal flight pumped crossover fuel that would boost the success of Thriller -- a gimmick Jackson would flog later with spots from Slash and Carlos Santana . Without the Van Halen precedent , there might have been no collaboration of Run - DMC and Aerosmith on the 1986 rap / rock version of ' Walk This Way ' . '' -- Greg Burk , South Coast Today . <P> `` Beat It '' was released on February 14 , 1983 , following the successful chart performances of `` The Girl Is Mine '' and `` Billie Jean '' . Frank DiLeo , the vice president of Epic Records , convinced Jackson to release `` Beat It '' while `` Billie Jean '' was heading towards No. 1 . Dileo , who would later become the singer 's manager , predicted that both singles would remain in the Top 10 at the same time . `` Billie Jean '' remained atop the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks , before being toppled by `` Come On Eileen '' , which stayed at No. 1 for a single week , before Jackson reclaimed the position with `` Beat It '' . </P> <P> `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' occupied Top 5 positions at the same time , a feat matched by very few artists . The single remained at the top of the Hot 100 for a total of three weeks . The song also charted at No. 1 on the US R&B singles chart and No. 14 on the Billboard Top Tracks chart in the US . Billboard ranked it at the No. 5 song for 1983 . `` Beat It '' also claimed the top spot in Spain and The Netherlands , reached No. 3 in the UK and the Top 20 in Austria , Norway , Italy , Sweden and Switzerland . </P> <P> In a Rolling Stone review , Christopher Connelly describes `` Beat It '' as the best song on Thriller , adding that it `` ai n't no disco AOR track '' . He notes of the `` nifty dance song '' , `` Jackson 's voice soars all over the melody , Eddie Van Halen checks in with a blistering guitar solo , you could build a convention center on the backbeat '' . AllMusic 's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that the song is both `` tough '' and `` scared '' . Robert Christgau claimed that the song has Eddie Van Halen `` wielding his might in the service of antimacho '' . Slant Magazine observed that the song was an `` uncharacteristic dalliance with the rock idiom '' . The track also won praise from Jackson biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli , who stated that the song was `` rambunctious '' .

The guitar solo in "Beat It" was written by

Who wrote the guitar solo in beat it?

-2033893527164697325

Arthur Chung - wikipedia <H1> Arthur Chung </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This is a Chinese name ; the family name is Chung . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Arthur Raymond Chung OE </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 1st President of Guyana </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> In office 17 March 1970 -- 6 October 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prime Minister </Th> <Td> Forbes Burnham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Edward Luckhoo ( Acting ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succeeded by </Th> <Td> Forbes Burnham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Personal details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1918 - 01 - 10 ) 10 January 1918 Windsor Forest , West Demerara , British Guiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 23 June 2008 ( 2008 - 06 - 23 ) ( aged 90 ) Bel Air Gardens , Guyana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Political party </Th> <Td> Independent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Doreen Chung ( 1954 -- 2008 ; his death ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Middle Temple </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Arthur Chung ( January 10 , 1918 -- June 23 , 2008 ) was the first President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980 . During his time as President of Guyana , the office was that of a ceremonial head of state , with real power in the hands of Prime Minister Forbes Burnham . He was honoured with Guyana 's highest national honour , the Order of Excellence ( O.E. ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life and career </Li> <Li> 2 Presidency </Li> <Li> 3 Later years </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life and career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Chung was born at Windsor Forest , West Coast Demerara in Guyana ; he was the youngest of Joseph and Lucy Chung 's eight children . He was educated at Windsor Forest , Blankenburg and Modern High School . In 1954 , Chung married another native of Windsor Forest , Doreen Pamela Ng - See - Quan , with whom he had one daughter and one son . </P> <P> Before civic service , Chung was an apprentice surveyor and sworn land surveyor . In the early 1940s , Chung entered the Middle Temple of London , England and qualified as a barrister in 1947 . He returned to Guyana and was later appointed an acting magistrate . He became a magistrate in 1954 and a senior magistrate in 1960 . Chung also served as Registrar of Deeds and of the Supreme Court . He then became a puisne judge and finally an Appeal Court Judge in 1963 . </P> <H2> Presidency ( edit ) </H2> <P> When Guyana became a republic under the leadership of Forbes Burnham in 1970 , the National Assembly elected Chung as the country 's first President ; he took office on March 17 , 1970 . Ten years later , a constitutional revision transformed the presidency into an executive position , and Burnham succeeded Chung as President on October 6 , 1980 . </P> Presidential Standard under Arthur Chung <H2> Later years ( edit ) </H2> <P> Chung died on June 23 , 2008 at his home . In the two months prior to his death he had been hospitalized a number of times , and he was last released from the hospital on June 20 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Guyana 's first President dies '' Archived February 14 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine. , GINA , June 23 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Obituary -- Arthur Chung </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Guyana 's first president Arthur Chung dies '' , Starbroek News , June 24 , 2008 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Article on Arthur Chung in Kaieteur News </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Heads of State of Guyana </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Queen ( 1966 -- 1970 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elizabeth II </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President ( from 1970 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Luckhoo * </Li> <Li> Chung </Li> <Li> Burnham </Li> <Li> Hoyte </Li> <Li> C. Jagan </Li> <Li> Hinds </Li> <Li> J. Jagan </Li> <Li> Jagdeo </Li> <Li> Ramotar </Li> <Li> Granger </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> * Acting President </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Chung&oldid=831102293 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1918 births </Li> <Li> Guyanese people of Chinese descent </Li> <Li> 2008 deaths </Li> <Li> Presidents of Guyana </Li> <Li> Guyanese politicians of Chinese descent </Li> <Li> Guyanese judges </Li> <Li> Guyanese people of Hakka descent </Li> <Li> Recipients of the Order of Excellence of Guyana </Li> <Li> People from Essequibo Islands - West Demerara </Li> <Li> Guyanese politicians of Hakka descent </Li> <Li> Members of the Middle Temple </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Bân - lâm - gú </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Ελληνικά </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Ido </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> मराठी </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Runa Simi </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> Yorùbá </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 16 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 18 March 2018 , at 19 : 28 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The first executive president of Guyana was

Who was the first executive president of guyana?

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</Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Shawn Paper </Li> <Li> Andrew Doerfer </Li> <Li> Lawrence Maddox </Li> <Li> Steven Sprung </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Single - camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 26 -- 34 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kapital Entertainment </Li> <Li> KatCo </Li> <Li> Flower Films </Li> <Li> Garfield Grove </Li> <Li> Olybomb Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 4K ( 16 : 9 UHDTV in high dynamic range ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Santa Clarita Diet is an American horror - comedy web television series created by Victor Fresco for the streaming service Netflix , starring Drew Barrymore and Timothy Olyphant . Fresco serves as the showrunner , and is an executive producer alongside Barrymore , Olyphant , Aaron Kaplan , Tracy Katsky , Chris Miller , Ember Truesdell and Ruben Fleischer . </P> <P> The single - camera series premiered on February 3 , 2017 and consists of 10 episodes . The first season has received generally positive reviews , with critics praising the cast and premise , but criticizing the number of graphic scenes . On March 29 , 2017 , it was announced that Netflix renewed the series for a second season , which premiered on March 23 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 1 ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 2 ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Development </Li> <Li> 4.2 Advertising controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Joel and Sheila Hammond are everyday suburban real estate agents in Santa Clarita , California . The couple face a series of obstacles when Sheila has a physical transformation into a zombie and starts craving human flesh . With Joel and the family trying to help Sheila through the trying time , they have to deal with neighbors , cultural norms and getting to the bottom of a potentially mythological mystery . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Drew Barrymore as Sheila Hammond , Joel 's wife and Abby 's mother </Li> <Li> Timothy Olyphant as Joel Hammond , Sheila 's husband and Abby 's father </Li> <Li> Liv Hewson as Abby Hammond , Sheila and Joel 's daughter </Li> <Li> Skyler Gisondo as Eric Bemis , the Hammonds ' neighbor , Lisa 's son and Dan 's stepson </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Ricardo Chavira as Dan Palmer ( season 1 ) , a sheriff 's deputy , Eric 's stepfather and the Hammonds ' neighbor . Dan is killed by Joel with a shovel and later eaten by Sheila . </Li> <Li> Mary Elizabeth Ellis as Lisa Palmer , Dan 's wife and Eric 's mother </Li> <Li> Andy Richter as Carl Coby , the Hammonds ' boss </Li> <Li> Richard T. Jones as Rick , a Santa Monica police officer , the Hammond 's neighbor , and Joel 's friend </Li> <Li> Joy Osmanski as Alondra , Rick 's wife </Li> <Li> Kaylee Bryant as Sarah , a classmate of Abby and Eric </Li> <Li> Nathan Fillion as Gary West , a realtor and the Hammonds ' co-worker . He is the first person Sheila kills for food . His severed head still survives and is stored in the Hammonds ' basement and later storage unit . </Li> <Li> Natalie Morales as Anne Garcia , a sheriff 's deputy , Dan 's partner , and very religious . She becomes romantically involved with Lisa after Dan goes missing . </Li> <Li> Thomas Lennon as Principal Andrei Novak , Abby 's school principal </Li> <Li> Ramona Young as Ramona , a wise Rite - Aid employee . She also turns out to be a zombie . </Li> <Li> Grace Zabriskie as Mrs. Bakavic ( season 1 ) , Novak 's Serbian grandmother </Li> <Li> DeObia Oparei as Loki Hayes ( season 1 ) , a convicted felon . He turns into a zombie when Sheila is unsuccessful in killing him . </Li> <Li> Portia de Rossi as Dr. Cora Wolf ( season 1 ) , a scientist focused on the undead </Li> <Li> Zachary Knighton as Paul ( season 2 ) , Marsha 's husband and a descendant of the Knights of Serbia , who has been tasked with ending the zombie outbreak </Li> <Li> Jaee Young Han as Marsha ( season 2 ) , Paul 's wife who 's helping him with the mission to end the zombie outbreak </Li> <Li> Matt Shively as Christian ( season 2 ) , a student at Abby and Eric 's school who is also Chris and Christa 's son </Li> </Ul> <H3> Guest ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Patton Oswalt as Dr. Hasmedi , a virologist </Li> <Li> Ryan Hansen as Bob Jonas , Lisa Palmer 's lover </Li> <Li> Derek Waters as Anton , a conspiracy theorist </Li> <Li> Ravi Patel as Ryan , a convention goer </Li> <Li> Joel McHale as Chris , a realtor who is married to Christa </Li> <Li> Maggie Lawson as Christa , a realtor who is married to Chris </Li> <Li> Gerald McRaney as Ed Thune , a retired army colonel </Li> <Li> Leo Howard as Sven , a student who asked Abby out in Season 2 after the tray incident , hurting Eric 's soul </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Series overview ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally released </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> February 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 23 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2017 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` So Then a Bat or a Monkey '' </Td> <Td> Ruben Fleischer </Td> <Td> Victor Fresco </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Joel and Sheila Hammond are realtors leading a normal suburban life with their daughter Abby . They are trying hard to sell a house but while showing it Sheila violently throw ups copious amounts of yellow liquid , including what might be an organ . Joel takes Sheila to the emergency department but since it is slow they go home . Sheila is acting oddly , including an increased libido ; her blood is thick and she has no heartbeat . Their neighbor 's son Eric explains to them that Sheila is dead and undead and driven by her Id , which Sheila is okay with . Eric tells them Sheila must always be fed , and if she degrades she may have to die . Sheila and Abby sneak out and buy a car , and later Sheila parties with her neighbors . Gary , Sheila 's co-worker , entices Sheila to dance with him when Joel finds them . They leave and Sheila thinks her new behavior might be who she really is . At Sheila 's home , Gary tries to force himself on her , threatening to tell others she was unfaithful if she refuses . Sheila licks his fingers , suddenly biting two of them off before devouring Gary in the backyard . Joel comes home to find Sheila eating Gary ; as he looks on in horror , Sheila tells him she wants to make this work . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` We Ca n't Kill People ! '' </Td> <Td> Ruben Fleischer </Td> <Td> Victor Fresco </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> They bury Gary 's remains in the desert . Abby and Eric follow them discovering Sheila killed Gary . While covering up the murder Dan sees Joel spraying his grass in the middle of the night and gets suspicious . Joel consults a virologist but he thinks Joel is crazy . Dan comes to inspect the grass and Joel tells him they have ants . Abby ditches school with Eric . Joel tries to get Sheila to eat meat but she says since she ate Gary she does not want anything but humans . Joel suggests that maybe it is the freshness that matters . Sheila continues to act impulsively including killing a rooster . After they make the sale on the listing Sheila tells Joel she could n't eat the rooster . Joel reiterates that they can not kill people . Joel and Sheila try to find an alternate food source at the morgue but Sheila ca n't stand the cadaver flesh . Sheila 's hunger is growing so Joel tells her they are going to kill people so she can eat . They have been together since high school and he is not going to leave her now . Abby comes and sleeps in their bed because she is worried about the changes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` We Can Kill People '' </Td> <Td> Marc Buckland </Td> <Td> Clay Graham </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Joel and Sheila discuss balancing killing people and being parents . Abby is grumpy with them for being overbearing . They make a plan to find a bad person to kill . Dan talks to them about never having a sloppy kill referring to the ants . They get supplies for killing people . Joel smokes pot in the bathroom to calm down . Eric and Abby have lunch while ditching school where Abby 's friend leaves with her 26 - year - old drug dealer boyfriend , but he breaks up with her . Joel and Sheila talk to Rick , their other neighbor who is a cop , looking for where to find people to kill . He says that a pedophile lives in the area and the couple consider killing him . Sheila and Joel overhear the teenagers talking about how bad the ex-boyfriend was and decide to kill him . Once Joel talked to him he decides to let him go much to Sheila 's annoyance . The teenagers go to the ex-boyfriend's house ; one of them teargasses it and retrieves her friend 's sweater . On the way home , Sheila and Joel have a road rage incident then Sheila kills the driver of the other car . They put him in the freezer in their storage unit hoping he will not be missed . They go to family dinner and all three of them tell the others how wonderful everything is . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Farting Sex Tourist '' </Td> <Td> Ken Kwapis </Td> <Td> Michael A. Ross </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Sheila makes a smoothie from the body in storage then goes walking with her neighbors . She suggests the women

The role of Sven in the Santa Clarita Diet is played by

Who plays sven in the santa clarita diet?

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preservation of a Republican government as a periodic rotation '' . The historian Mercy Otis Warren , warned that `` there is no provision for a rotation , nor anything to prevent the perpetuity of office in the same hands for life ; which by a little well - timed bribery , will probably be done '' . </P> <H3> 19th century ( edit ) </H3> <P> The fact that `` perpetuity in office '' was not approached until the 20th century is due in part to the influence of rotation in office as a popular 19th - century concept . `` Ideas are , in truth , forces '' , and rotation in office enjoyed such normative support , especially at the local level , that it altered political reality . For a detailed study of the 19th - century concepts of rotation , consult Political Science Quarterly , vol. 94 , `` House Turnover and the Principle of Rotation '' , by Robert Struble , Jr . See also his Treatise on Twelve Lights , chapter six , `` Rotation in History '' . Consult also , James Young 's The Washington Community , 1800 -- 1828 . </P> <P> According to Young , the tendency to look with mistrust upon political power was so ingrained into American culture that even the officeholders themselves perceived their occupations in a disparaging light . James Fenimore Cooper described the common view that `` contact with the affairs of state is one of the most corrupting of the influences to which men are exposed '' . An article in the Richmond Enquirer ( 1822 ) noted that the `` long cherished '' principle of rotation in office had been impressed on the republican mind `` by a kind of intuitive impulse , unassailable to argument or authority '' . </P> <P> Beginning about the 1830s , Jacksonian democracy introduced a less idealistic twist to the practice of limiting terms . Rotation in office came to mean taking turns in the distribution of political prizes . Rotation of nominations to the U.S. House of Representatives -- the prizes -- became a key element of payoffs to the party faithful . The leading lights in the local party machinery came to regard a nomination for the House as `` salary '' for political services rendered . A new code of political ethics evolved , based on the proposition that `` turnabout is fair play '' . In short , rotation of nominations was intertwined with the spoils system . </P> <P> In district nominating conventions local leaders could negotiate and enforce agreements to pass the nominations around among themselves . Abraham Lincoln was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 under such a bargain , and he returned home to Springfield after a single congressional term because , he wrote , `` to enter myself as a competitor of another , or to authorize anyone so to enter me , is what my word and honor forbid '' . </P> <P> During the Civil War , the Confederate States Constitution limited its president to a single six - year term . </P> <H3> Era of incumbency ( edit ) </H3> <P> The practice of nomination rotation for the House of Representatives began to decline after the Civil War . It took a generation or so before the direct primary system , civil service reforms , and the ethic of professionalism worked to eliminate rotation in office as a common political practice . By the turn of the 20th century the era of incumbency was coming into full swing . </P> <P> A total of 8 presidents served two full terms and declined a third and three presidents served one full term and refused a second . After World War II , however , an officeholder class had developed to the point that congressional tenure rivaled that of the U.S. Supreme Court , where tenure is for life . </P> <H3> Term limits movement ( edit ) </H3> <P> `` Homesteading , '' or securing a lifelong career in Congress , was made possible by reelection rates that approached 100 % by the end of the 20th century . The concept of homesteading brought about a popular movement known as the `` term - limits movement '' . The elections of 1990 -- 94 saw the adoption of term limits for state legislatures in almost every state where citizens had the power of the initiative . In addition , 23 states limited service in their delegation to Congress . As they pertain to Congress , these laws are no longer enforceable , however , as in 1995 , the U.S. Supreme Court overturned congressional term limits in U.S. Term Limits , Inc. v. Thornton , ruling that state governments can not limit the terms of members of the national government . </P> <P> Where rotation in the legislative branch has withstood court challenges , term limits continue to garner popular support . As of 2002 , the advocacy group `` U.S. Term Limits '' found that in the 17 states where state legislators served in rotation , public support for term limits ranged from 60 to 78 percent . </P> <H2> Federal term limits ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Office </Th> <Th> Term limits </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> President </Td> <Td> Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four - year terms . A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President 's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once , and 2 more four - year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less . Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times , for example , if he or she is Vice President and the President dies , resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vice President </Td> <Td> Unlimited four - year terms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> House of Representatives </Td> <Td> Unlimited two - year terms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Senate </Td> <Td> Unlimited six - year terms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Supreme Court </Td> <Td> No term limits , appointed to serve `` during good behavior '' ( but can be impeached and removed from office for `` high Crimes and Misdemeanors '' ) ; in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down ( by retirement or resignation ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> As of 2013 , term limits at the federal level are restricted to the executive branch and some agencies . Judicial appointments at the federal level are made for life , and are not subject to election or to term limits . The U.S. Congress remains ( since the Thornton decision of 1995 ) without electoral limits . During one of Trump 's speeches from October 2016 , he is quoted as having planned to impose term limits on Congress within his first hundred days in office . </P> <H3> President ( edit ) </H3> A political cartoon about Theodore Roosevelt 's third term <P> The first U.S. president , George Washington , started the tradition of informal presidential term limits by refusing to run for a third term ( originally he claimed he did not want to run in the first place , much less for a second term ) . The short - lived Confederate States of America adopted a six - year term for their president and vice-president and barred the president from seeking re-election . That innovation was endorsed by many American politicians after the American Civil War , most notably by Rutherford B. Hayes in his inaugural address . </P> <P> Franklin D. Roosevelt ( president , 1933 -- 1945 ) was the first and only U.S. president to break Washington 's tradition successfully . He died in office a few months after starting his fourth term . This gave rise to a successful move in Congress to formalize the traditional two - term limit by amending the U.S. Constitution . As ratified in 1951 , the Twenty - Second Amendment provides that `` no person shall be elected to the office of President more than twice '' . </P> <H3> Congress ( edit ) </H3> Letter from Senator Orrin Hatch , first elected in 1976 , expressing reservations regarding term limits ( dated February 10 , 2011 ) <P> Reformers during the early 1990s used the initiative and referendum to put congressional term limits on the ballot in 24 states . Voters in eight of these states approved the congressional term limits by an average electoral margin of two to one . It was an open question whether states had the constitutional authority to enact these limits . In May 1995 , the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5 -- 4 in U.S. Term Limits , Inc. v. Thornton , 514 U.S. 779 ( 1995 ) , that states can not impose term limits upon their federal Representatives or Senators . </P> <P> In the 1994 elections , part of the Republican platform included legislation for term limits in Congress . After winning the majority , a Republican congressman brought a constitutional amendment to the House floor that proposed limiting members of the Senate to two six - year terms and members of the House to six two - year terms . However , this rate of rotation was so slow ( the life - tenured Supreme Court averages in the vicinity of twelve years ) that the congressional version of term - limits garnered little support among the populist backers of term limits , including U.S. Term Limits , the largest private organization pushing for congressional term limits . The bill got only a bare majority ( 227 -- 204 ) , falling short of the two - thirds majority ( 290 ) needed for constitutional amendments . Three other term limit amendment bills failed to get more than 200 votes . </P> <P> Defeated in Congress and overridden by the Supreme Court , the federal term limit uprising was brought to a halt . The term limits intended simultaneously to reform state legislatures ( as distinguished from the federal congressional delegations ) remain in force , however , in fifteen states . </P> <P> In 2007 Larry J. Sabato revived the debate over term limits by arguing in A More Perfect Constitution that the success and popularity of term limits at the state level suggests that they should be adopted at the federal level as well . He specifically put forth the idea of congressional term limits and suggested a national constitutional convention be used to accomplish the amendment , since the Congress would be unlikely to propose and adopt any amendment that limits its own power . </P> <P> Some state legislators have also expressed their opinions on term limits . It is confirmed that in the following five states -- and there may be others -- state lawmakers approved resolutions asking Congress to propose a federal constitutional amendment to limit the number of terms which members of Congress may serve : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section has an unclear citation style . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation , footnoting , or external linking . ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> South Dakota Legislature ( designated as POM - 42 in the U.S. Senate ) approved in 1989 , South Dakota House Joint Resolution No. 1001 ( see Congressional Record of April 4 , 1989 , at pages 5395 and 5396 , with verbatim text provided ) ; </Li> <Li> Hawaii Senate ( designated as Memorial 400 in the U.S. House of Representatives ) approved in 1990 , Hawaii Senate Resolution No. 41 -- unicameral only ( see Congressional Record of September 28 , 1998 , at page 22655 ) it took 8 years for this resolution to find its way into the Congressional Record and to be correctly referred to the Committee on

The term limits for the House of Representatives and Senate are

Term limits for house of representatives and senate?

-755777782301038229

Bohrium - wikipedia <H1> Bohrium </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with chemical borium or elements boron ( B ) or barium ( Ba ) . <Table> Bohrium , Bh <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pronunciation </Th> <Td> / ˈbɔːriəm / ( listen ) ​ ( BOR - ee - əm ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mass number </Th> <Td> 270 ( most stable isotope ) ( unconfirmed : 278 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bohrium in the periodic table </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Hydrogen </Td> <Td colspan="30"> </Td> <Td> Helium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lithium </Td> <Td> Beryllium </Td> <Td colspan="24"> </Td> <Td> Boron </Td> <Td> Carbon </Td> <Td> Nitrogen </Td> <Td> Oxygen </Td> <Td> Fluorine </Td> <Td> Neon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sodium </Td> <Td> Magnesium </Td> <Td colspan="24"> </Td> <Td> Aluminium </Td> <Td> Silicon </Td> <Td> Phosphorus </Td> <Td> Sulfur </Td> <Td> Chlorine </Td> <Td> Argon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Potassium </Td> <Td> Calcium </Td> <Td> Scandium </Td> <Td colspan="14"> </Td> <Td> Titanium </Td> <Td> Vanadium </Td> <Td> Chromium </Td> <Td> Manganese </Td> <Td> Iron </Td> <Td> Cobalt </Td> <Td> Nickel </Td> <Td> Copper </Td> <Td> Zinc </Td> <Td> Gallium </Td> <Td> Germanium </Td> <Td> Arsenic </Td> <Td> Selenium </Td> <Td> Bromine </Td> <Td> Krypton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rubidium </Td> <Td> Strontium </Td> <Td> Yttrium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="13"> </Td> <Td> Zirconium </Td> <Td> Niobium </Td> <Td> Molybdenum </Td> <Td> Technetium </Td> <Td> Ruthenium </Td> <Td> Rhodium </Td> <Td> Palladium </Td> <Td> Silver </Td> <Td> Cadmium </Td> <Td> Indium </Td> <Td> Tin </Td> <Td> Antimony </Td> <Td> Tellurium </Td> <Td> Iodine </Td> <Td> Xenon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Caesium </Td> <Td> Barium </Td> <Td> Lanthanum </Td> <Td> Cerium </Td> <Td> Praseodymium </Td> <Td> Neodymium </Td> <Td> Promethium </Td> <Td> Samarium </Td> <Td> Europium </Td> <Td> Gadolinium </Td> <Td> Terbium </Td> <Td> Dysprosium </Td> <Td> Holmium </Td> <Td> Erbium </Td> <Td> Thulium </Td> <Td> Ytterbium </Td> <Td> Lutetium </Td> <Td> Hafnium </Td> <Td> Tantalum </Td> <Td> Tungsten </Td> <Td> Rhenium </Td> <Td> Osmium </Td> <Td> Iridium </Td> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> Mercury ( element ) </Td> <Td> Thallium </Td> <Td> Lead </Td> <Td> Bismuth </Td> <Td> Polonium </Td> <Td> Astatine </Td> <Td> Radon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Francium </Td> <Td> Radium </Td> <Td> Actinium </Td> <Td> Thorium </Td> <Td> Protactinium </Td> <Td> Uranium </Td> <Td> Neptunium </Td> <Td> Plutonium </Td> <Td> Americium </Td> <Td> Curium </Td> <Td> Berkelium </Td> <Td> Californium </Td> <Td> Einsteinium </Td> <Td> Fermium </Td> <Td> Mendelevium </Td> <Td> Nobelium </Td> <Td> Lawrencium </Td> <Td> Rutherfordium </Td> <Td> Dubnium </Td> <Td> Seaborgium </Td> <Td> Bohrium </Td> <Td> Hassium </Td> <Td> Meitnerium </Td> <Td> Darmstadtium </Td> <Td> Roentgenium </Td> <Td> Copernicium </Td> <Td> Nihonium </Td> <Td> Flerovium </Td> <Td> Moscovium </Td> <Td> Livermorium </Td> <Td> Tennessine </Td> <Td> Oganesson </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> Re ↑ Bh ↓ ( Uhu ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> seaborgium ← bohrium → hassium </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Atomic number ( Z ) </Th> <Td> 107 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Group </Th> <Td> group 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Period </Th> <Td> period 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Element category </Th> <Td> transition metal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Block </Th> <Td> d - block </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Electron configuration </Th> <Td> ( Rn ) 5f 6d 7s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Electrons per shell </Th> <Td> 2 , 8 , 18 , 32 , 32 , 13 , 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Physical properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Phase at STP </Th> <Td> solid ( predicted ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density ( near r.t. ) </Th> <Td> 37.1 g / cm ( predicted ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Atomic properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oxidation states </Th> <Td> 7 , ( 5 ) , ( 4 ) , ( 3 ) ​ ( parenthesized oxidation states are predictions ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ionization energies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1st : 740 kJ / mol </Li> <Li> 2nd : 1690 kJ / mol </Li> <Li> 3rd : 2570 kJ / mol </Li> <Li> ( more ) ( all but first estimated ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Atomic radius </Th> <Td> empirical : 128 pm ( predicted ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Covalent radius </Th> <Td> 141 pm ( estimated ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Miscellanea </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Crystal structure </Th> <Td> ​ hexagonal close - packed ( hcp ) ( predicted ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CAS Number </Th> <Td> 54037 - 14 - 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Naming </Th> <Td> after Niels Bohr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Discovery </Th> <Td> Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ( 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Main isotopes of bohrium </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Isotope </Th> <Th> Abundance </Th> <Th> Half - life ( t ) </Th> <Th> Decay mode </Th> <Th> Product </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bh </Th> <Td> syn </Td> <Td> 11.5 min ? </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bh </Th> <Td> syn </Td> <Td> 44 s </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> Db </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bh </Th> <Td> syn </Td> <Td> 11 s </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> Db </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bh </Th> <Td> syn </Td> <Td> 1.5 s </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> Db </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bh </Th> <Td> syn </Td> <Td> 1 min </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> Db </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bh </Th> <Td> syn </Td> <Td> 17 s </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> Db </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> view </Li> <Li> talk </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> references in Wikidata </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107 . It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr . As a synthetic element , it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature . It is radioactive : its most stable known isotope , Bh , has a half - life of approximately 61 seconds , though the unconfirmed Bh may have a longer half - life of about 690 seconds . </P> <P> In the periodic table of the elements , it is a d - block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and belongs to the group 7 elements as the fifth member of the 6d series of transition metals . Chemistry experiments have confirmed that bohrium behaves as the heavier homologue to rhenium in group 7 . The chemical properties of bohrium are characterized only partly , but they compare well with the chemistry of the other group 7 elements . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Discovery </Li> <Li> 1.2 Proposed names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Isotopes </Li> <Li> 3 Predicted properties <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Chemical </Li> <Li> 3.2 Physical and atomic </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Experimental chemistry </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Element 107 was originally proposed to be named after Niels Bohr , a Danish nuclear physicist , with the name nielsbohrium ( Ns ) . This name was later changed by IUPAC to bohrium ( Bh ) . <H3> Discovery ( edit ) </H3> <P> Two groups claimed discovery of the element . Evidence of bohrium was first reported in 1976 by a Russian research team led by Yuri Oganessian , in which targets of bismuth - 209 and lead - 208 were bombarded with accelerated nuclei of chromium - 54 and manganese - 55 respectively . Two activities , one with a half - life of one to two milliseconds , and the other with an approximately five - second half - life , were seen . Since the ratio of the intensities of these two activities was constant throughout the experiment , it was proposed that the first was from the isotope bohrium - 261 and that the second was from its daughter dubnium - 257 . Later , the dubnium isotope was corrected to dubnium - 258 , which indeed has a five - second half - life ( dubnium - 257 has a one - second half - life ) ; however , the half - life observed for its parent is much shorter than the half - lives later observed in the definitive discovery of bohrium at Darmstadt in 1981 . The IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group ( TWG ) concluded that while dubnium - 258 was probably seen in this experiment , the evidence for the production of its parent bohrium - 262 was not convincing enough . </P> <P> In 1981 , a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research ( GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung ) in Darmstadt bombarded a target of bismuth - 209 with accelerated nuclei of chromium - 54 to produce 5 atoms of the isotope bohrium - 262 : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Bi + Cr → Bh + n </Dd> </Dl> <P> This discovery was further substantiated by their detailed measurements of the alpha decay chain of the produced bohrium atoms to previously known isotopes of fermium and californium . The IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group ( TWG ) recognised the GSI collaboration as official discoverers in their 1992 report . </P> <H3> Proposed names ( edit ) </H3> Naming ceremony conducted at the GSI on 7 September 1992 for the namings of elements 107 , 108 , and 109 as nielsbohrium , hassium , and meitnerium <P> In September 1992 , the German group suggested the name nielsbohrium with symbol Ns to honor the Danish physicist Niels Bohr . The Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna , Russia had suggested this name be given to element 105 ( which was finally called dubnium ) and the German team wished to recognise both Bohr and the fact that the Dubna team had been the first to propose the cold fusion reaction to solve the controversial problem of the naming of element 105 . The Dubna team agreed with the German group 's naming proposal for element 107 . </P> <P> There was an element naming controversy as to what the elements from 104 to 106 were to be called ; the IUPAC adopted unnilseptium ( symbol Uns ) as a temporary , systematic element name for this element . In 1994 a committee of IUPAC recommended that element 107 be named bohrium , not nielsbohrium , since there was no precedence for using a scientist 's complete name in the naming of an element . This was opposed by the discoverers as there was some concern that the name might be confused with boron and in particular the distinguishing of the names of their respective oxyanions , bohrate and borate . The matter was handed to the Danish branch of IUPAC which , despite this , voted in favour of the name bohrium , and thus the name bohrium for element 107 was recognized internationally in 1997 ; the names of the respective oxyanions of boron and bohrium remain unchanged despite their homophony . </P> <H2> Isotopes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Isotopes of bohrium <Table> List of bohrium isotopes <Tr> <Th> Isotope </Th> <Th> Half - life </Th> <Th> Decay mode </Th> <Th> Discovery year </Th> <Th> Reaction </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bh </Td> <Td> 00000035 ! 35 ms </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Bi ( Cr , n ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bh </Td> <Td> 000000118 ! 11.8 ms </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Bi ( Cr , 2n ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bh </Td> <Td> 00000084 ! 84 ms </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Bi ( Cr , n ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bh </Td> <Td> 000000096 ! 9.6 ms </Td> <Td> α </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Bi ( Cr , n ) </Td> </Tr>

The IUPAC name of the element with atomic number 107 is

Iupac name of element with atomic number 107?

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the characters from the reimagining of Battlestar Galactica ; for the original characters , see Lieutenant Boomer and Lieutenant Athena . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( December 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in - universe style . Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective . ( March 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It has been suggested that this article be merged into List of Battlestar Galactica characters . ( Discuss ) Proposed since December 2016 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Number Eight Sharon `` Boomer '' Valerii Sharon `` Athena '' Agathon </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Battlestar Galactica character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Miniseries </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last appearance </Th> <Td> Battlestar Galactica : The Plan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Grace Park </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aliases </Th> <Td> Boomer , Athena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Humanoid Cylon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Female </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Td> Lieutenant Junior Grade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colony </Th> <Td> Cylon Homeworld , claims to be from Aerelon 's colony Troy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Affiliation </Th> <Td> Colonial Fleet / Cylons </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Number Eight is a female humanoid Cylon model on the television series Battlestar Galactica , a reimagining of the classic show of the same name . She is portrayed by Grace Park . Two prominent Number Eight copies serving as Galactica pilots are Sharon Valerii and Sharon Agathon , using the call signs `` Boomer '' and `` Athena '' , respectively . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Notable copies <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Sharon `` Boomer '' Valerii <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Life on Caprica and Galactica </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Death and resurrection </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Relation to Hera Agathon and second death </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Second resurrection and relation with John Cavil </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Relation to Ellen Tigh and return to Galactica </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Kidnapping of Hera Agathon </Li> <Li> 1.1. 7 Final death </Li> <Li> 1.1. 8 Dual personality mode </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Sharon `` Athena '' Agathon <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Cylon - occupied Caprica </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Return to the Colonial Fleet </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Pregnancy and birth </Li> <Li> 1.2. 4 Post-occupation of New Caprica </Li> <Li> 1.2. 5 Relation with daughter Hera </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Typical Eight traits </Li> <Li> 3 Call sign origins </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Notable copies ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cylon models Six and Eight are the most common in the series . Many Number Eight copies have been seen in various roles , including leadership positions ; two are featured as central characters -- Boomer and Athena . </P> <H3> Sharon `` Boomer '' Valerii ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Life on Caprica and Galactica ( edit ) <P> Lieutenant Junior Grade Sharon `` Boomer '' Valerii is a Cylon sleeper agent programmed to believe she is human . For example , she has been implanted with false memories of being raised on Troy by her parents Katherine and Abraham Valerii , who supposedly died in an accident killing all the members on the mining colony . Whether or not Katherine and Abraham actually existed is unknown . In the time before the mini-series , Boomer and Galen Tyrol are romantically involved , although their relationship is against military protocol ( she is an officer , he 's enlisted ) . Due to her programming , she performs a number of sabotage actions ( including bombing the Galactica 's water tanks ) but has no conscious memory of these actions ; although , in the special entitled The Plan , we learn that she had a Cylon handler , Brother Cavil , who activated her missions & chastised her for allowing human weakness ( inability to hold her breath long enough ) to prevent her from planting all the explosives in the water tanks ; & later , for not shooting Adama in the head . Tyrol trusts her and hides evidence implicating her in the water bombing but later suspicious events cause him to break off his relationship with her . In time , she begins to suspect something may be wrong with her . She asks Gaius Baltar to administer a blood test to determine whether she is a Cylon . Although his test demonstrates she is in fact a Cylon , he decides not to inform her or anyone else , out of fear she will kill him . She is relieved for a while but gradually her suspicions return and she attempts suicide . Her programming , however , prevents her from killing herself . </P> <P> In the episode `` Kobol 's Last Gleaming '' , Commander Adama sends Boomer on a mission to destroy the basestar orbiting Kobol . On the basestar , she encounters numerous other Number Eight copies identical to herself but she refuses to accept she is a Cylon and personally sets the bomb . After returning to Galactica , her hidden programming takes over and she shoots Commander Adama twice in the chest , putting him in a coma . She is put in the brig and violently interrogated by Colonel Tigh , who has taken command of Galactica during Adama 's incapacity . Tyrol is also suspected of being a Cylon because of his relationship with her , and is thrown in her cell . He tells her not to speak to him or even touch him ; he insists she is a machine and nothing like him . </P> Death and Resurrection ( edit ) <P> Gaius Baltar forces Boomer to tell him how many other Cylons are still hidden in the fleet by injecting Tyrol with a substance that stops his heart and refusing to administer the antidote . Sharon finally tells Gaius there are eight Cylons in the fleet . She is shot and killed by Cally , who blames her for Tyrol 's imprisonment ; Cally herself is in love with Tyrol as is made clear in later episodes . Sharon dies in Tyrol 's arms , telling him she loves him . </P> <P> In the episode `` Sacrifice '' terrorist Sesha Abinell and her group take hostages about the Cloud 9 , demanding that the `` Athena '' Sharon in Galactica 's brig be turned over to her to be executed . The now Admiral Adama tells Abinell that he will give her Sharon , but will execute the Cylon before hand . He sends over `` Boomer '' Sharon 's body as a ruse to give his Marines an opportunity to take out the terrorists . Upon receiving the body , Abinell promptly shoots it twice in the head . Thereafter however , she discovers the ruse when upon seeing the autopsy scars on the body . The rescue is successful however , at the cost of Billy Keikeya 's life . Adama and Roslin later view Boomer 's and Billy 's bodies in the morgue , with Roslin concluding that the ruse `` was n't worth it '' . </P> <P> In the episode `` Downloaded '' , it is revealed Boomer 's consciousness has been downloaded into a new body . She tries to live on Caprica like in her old life as a human . She resists being identified with the Cylon cause , although they view her and Caprica Six as heroes . Over time , she begins to open up to Caprica Six , who like her has been transformed by their love for a human . They decide to try to persuade the Cylons some of their actions against mankind are wrong . Number Three threatens to have them `` boxed '' , that is , placing their consciousness into `` cold storage '' . </P> <P> Boomer is among the Cylons occupying New Caprica . She has accepted herself as a Cylon and is fully integrated back into their society . She functions as a member of the Cylon governing council that controls the puppet human government under President Gaius Baltar . Her desire remains to show humans and Cylons can co-exist ; however , relations between the two groups turn increasingly hostile . Boomer visits Cally who has been imprisoned to tell her she is doing everything that she can to free her , and attempts to make peace . She indicates she has accepted Tyrol moving on and starting a family with Cally . However , Cally remains distrustful and angrily rebuffs her . </P> Relation to Hera Agathon and second death ( edit ) <P> In the episode `` The Eye of Jupiter '' , Boomer is seen attempting to care for Athena 's hybrid child Hera , who is mysteriously ill . She is frustrated by the child 's deteriorating health and their inability to bond . She later joins D'Anna and Cavil when they go to meet Adama and Roslin on Galactica . Athena identifies Boomer as the Cylon who shot Adama , and Tigh informs her that her visiting privileges have been revoked . Boomer tells Athena that Hera is still alive and living among the Cylons , but has fallen ill . </P> <P> Athena arrives on the Cylon Base Ship and is reunited with Hera who immediately stops crying . Caprica Six is amazed how Hera responds to being back with her `` real mother '' , however Boomer is upset . Athena determines Hera would best be treated by a human doctor . Boomer accuses her of having planned to take Hera back to Galactica from the start . Boomer says the failure of New Caprica has taught her humans and Cylons can not co-exist and should go their separate ways . Throughout this meeting , Boomer becomes increasingly distressed and emotionally unstable . She suggests Cavil may be right that the Cylons are not supposed to have children , and ultimately threatens to snap Hera 's neck , but her own neck is snapped by Caprica Six for endangering the future of the Cylon race . </P> Second Resurrection and relation with John Cavil ( edit ) <P> Shortly thereafter , Boomer again resurrects . She has begun to develop a relationship with John Cavil , a Cylon who embraces his machine nature and sees human traits as a weakness . Cavil insists the Raiders should undergo a procedure to remove or at least reduce their sentience , and he enlists Boomer 's aid when the Cylons become deadlocked over the matter . While her fellow Eights vote as a group against the procedure , Boomer decides to vote yes in order to make the Raiders effective fighters once again . In so doing , she becomes the first Cylon to ever vote against

Boomer finds out she is a Cylon in

When does boomer find out she a cylon?

2010294071842366580

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre - wikipedia <H1> The Treasure of the Sierra Madre </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the novel . For the film version , see The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( film ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> The Treasure of the Sierra Madre <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1st edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> B. Traven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original title </Th> <Td> Der Schatz der Sierra Madre </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> German </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Adventure novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Buchergilde Gutenberg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1927 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published in English </Th> <Td> 1935 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 213 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( originally titled Der Schatz der Sierra Madre ) is a 1927 adventure novel by bilingual German author B. Traven , whose identity remains unknown . In the book , two destitute American men in the 1920s join an older American man in Mexico to prospect for gold . John Huston adapted the book as a 1948 film of the same name . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Historical setting </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Philosophy </Li> <Li> 4 Adaptations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Cultural references </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Historical setting ( edit ) </H2> <P> By the 1920s , the violence of the Mexican Revolution had largely subsided , although scattered gangs of bandits continued to terrorize the countryside . The newly established post-revolution government relied on the effective but ruthless Federal Police , commonly known as the Federales , to patrol remote areas and dispose of the bandits . </P> <P> Foreigners , like the three American prospectors who are the focus of the story , were at very real risk of being killed by the bandits . The bandits , after being captured by army units , were given little more than a `` last cigarette '' and had to dig their own graves first . This is the context of the story . </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Three down - and - out Americans -- Curtin , Dobbs , and Howard -- meet by chance in the Mexican city of Tampico and discuss how to overcome their financial distress . They then set out to discover gold in the remote Sierra Madre mountains . Once in the desert , experienced old - timer Howard quickly proves to be the toughest and most knowledgeable ; he is the one who discovers the gold they are seeking . A mine is dug and much gold is extracted , but Dobbs soon becomes greedy and begins to lose both his trust and his mind , lusting to possess the entire treasure . One day , another prospector named Lacaud follows Curtin from a nearby village back to the men 's camp . Although the men do not initially trust Lacaud , they decide to allow him to stay and camp with them . </P> <P> Bandits appear and pretend , very crudely , to be Federales . After a gunfight , real Federales arrive and drive the bandits away . The prospectors soon decide to leave the mine and head to Durango to sell the gold that they have mined . Lacaud decides to stay behind , because he believes there is more gold in the mountain . On the way , Howard is called to assist some local villagers help a sick boy , and Dobbs and Curtin have a final confrontation . Dobbs shoots Curtin , leaving him lying shot and bleeding . Dobbs continues on alone but is soon confronted and killed by the leader of the bandits and two of his remaining henchmen , who had apparently been wandering the desert without weapons or horses after somehow escaping the Federales . The bandits , thinking the gold dust is just worthless sand used to make the bundles of skins they were hidden in seem heavier , scatter the paydirt ; they are later captured and executed by the Federales . Curtin survives Dobbs ' attack and meets up with Howard . When they hear the story , they can do nothing but laugh at their misfortunes . </P> <H2> Philosophy ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dobbs is often used as a foil for Howard 's philosophical comments on the value of gold and one 's responsibilities to one 's companions . </P> <H2> Adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> John Huston successfully adapted the book as a 1948 film of the same name </Li> </Ul> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Episode 3 in the first season of the 1955 TV series , Cheyenne , gives a writing credit ( novel ) to B. Traven , and contains the same basic plot as the novel , with the main character , Cheyenne , standing in the role of the old prospector , Howard , of the original story . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Cultural references ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Gold Hat '' ( portrayed by Alfonso Bedoya ) 's line to Fred C. Dobbs ( Humphrey Bogart ) - `` I do n't have to show you any stinkin ' badges ! '' - is a well - known and widely quoted ( and often misquoted ) line from the book and 1948 film . ( See Stinking badges . ) </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` '' Cheyenne '' The Argonauts `` . IMDb . Retrieved 3 December 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` We do n't need no stinkin ' badges ! ( 0 : 15 minute excerpt from the scene : ' I do n't have to show you any stinkin ' badges ! ' ) '' . Youtube . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Treasure_of_the_Sierra_Madre&oldid=802168460 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1927 German language novels </Li> <Li> Novels set in Mexico </Li> <Li> German novels adapted into films </Li> <Li> Mining in fiction </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from March 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Pages to import images to Wikidata </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Wikiquote </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 September 2017 , at 12 : 12 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The novel "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre" was written by

Who wrote the treasure of the sierra madre?

-838090964585984539

Star Destroyer - wikipedia <H1> Star Destroyer </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Star Destroyer <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A pair of Imperial II - class Star Destroyers and a squadron of TIE fighters pursue the Millennium Falcon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> A New Hope </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Affiliation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Galactic Republic </Li> <Li> Galactic Empire </Li> <Li> First Order </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> Clone Wars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> References </Th> <Td> Starwars.com Encyclopedia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Class </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Imperial - class ( Imperial I / Imperator and Imperial II ) </Li> <Li> Interdictor - class </Li> <Li> Executor - class Star Dreadnought ( Super Star Destroyer ) </Li> <Li> Mega-class Star Dreadnought ( Star Dreadnought ) </Li> <Li> Mandator IV - class Siege Dreadnought ( Star Dreadnought ) </Li> <Li> Qaz - class </Li> <Li> Resurgent - class </Li> <Li> Venator - class </Li> <Li> Victory - class </Li> <Li> Secutor - class </Li> <Li> Tector - class </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fighters </Th> <Td> Galactic Republic : <Ul> <Li> ARC - 170 starfighter </Li> <Li> A-3 V - wing starfighter </Li> <Li> BTL - A4 Y - wing assault </Li> <Li> Eta - 2 - class light interceptor </Li> </Ul> Galactic Empire : <Ul> <Li> TIE fighters & bombers </Li> </Ul> First Order : <Ul> <Li> TIE / fo space superiority fighter </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Auxiliary craft </Th> <Td> Galactic Republic : <Ul> <Li> MA - ATs , AT - TEs & AT - AP </Li> </Ul> Galactic Empire : <Ul> <Li> AT - ATs & AT - STs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Armaments </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Taim & Bak XX - 9 heavy turbolaser batteries </Li> <Li> Ion cannon emplacements </Li> <Li> Point - defense flak turrets </Li> <Li> Anti-starfighter missile emplacements </Li> <Li> Tractor beam projectors </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defenses </Th> <Td> Deflector shield </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> Between 1,600 to 60,000 meters </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population volume </Th> <Td> Galactic Republic : <Ul> <Li> Crewmen ( 7,400 ) </Li> <Li> Clone troopers ( 2,000 ) </Li> </Ul> Galactic Empire : <Ul> <Li> Enlisted ( 27,850 ) </Li> <Li> Stormtroopers ( 9,700 ) </Li> <Li> Officers ( 9,235 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Star Destroyers are capital ships in the fictional Star Wars universe . The Imperial Star Destroyer , which first appears in the first seconds of Star Wars ( 1977 ) , is `` the signature vessel of the Imperial fleet '' . The term `` Star Destroyer '' also refers to other vessels in the franchise . </P> <P> Numerous Star Destroyer models and toys have been released , and the iconic scene featuring the vessel 's first appearance has been called `` a milestone in special effects history '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Concept and design </Li> <Li> 2 Depiction <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Films and television </Li> <Li> 2.2 Novels and other media </Li> <Li> 2.3 Star Wars Legends </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Merchandise </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Concept and design ( edit ) </H2> <P> In draft scripts for the film that would become Star Wars , the term `` Stardestroyer '' refers to two - man fighters flown by what would become the Galactic Empire . The film 's second draft features four Star Destroyers chasing a single Rebel ship , but the tremendous costs incurred by Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) when production began helped lead Lucas to use a single `` terrifyingly large '' Star Destroyer instead of four . ILM built a 91 - centimeter ( 36 in ) shooting model that was about half the size of the model for the Tantive IV the Star Destroyer was chasing . Lucas asked ILM to build a larger Star Destroyer model to match the Tantive IV 's scale , but ILM convinced him that the Dykstraflex camera invented for the film made this unnecessary . Nevertheless , they added additional hull details to the Star Destroyer model . The 13 - second opening shot was the first special effects piece ILM completed , and its success was an essential test for the Dykstraflex . </P> <P> ILM built a 259 - centimeter ( 102 in ) Star Destroyer , equipped with internal lighting to provide a better sense of scale , for The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) . During production , Lucas decided that every Star Wars film would open in space with a shot of a Star Destroyer . The Empire Strikes Back also introduces the `` Super Star Destroyer '' , also referred to as a `` Star Dreadnought '' . The shooting model for the Super Star Destroyer Executor in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi was 282 centimeters ( 111 in ) long . </P> <P> The design of the Venator - class Star Destroyers appearing in Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) are meant to bridge the appearance of the Acclamator - class transports in Attack of the Clones ( 2002 ) and the Imperial class in the original trilogy . </P> <H2> Depiction ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Films and television ( edit ) </H3> <P> The iconic Star Destroyer first appears in the opening scene of Star Wars , as Darth Vader 's flagship , the Devastator , chases the Tantive IV above Tatooine . This appearance shows the Imperial ship 's massive size in comparison to the Tantive IV . </P> <P> Imperial - class Star Destroyers appear not only throughout the original trilogy , but also in Star Wars Rebels and Rogue One ( 2016 ) . Rey scavenges material from one such Star Destroyer , the Inflictor , in Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) . Rey lives in a small encampment near the Inflictor crash site , and takes what little parts she finds inside to the nearby Niima Outpost to be sold . </P> <P> The original trilogy also features a massive Super Star Destroyer , Executor , that serves as Darth Vader 's flagship in The Empire Strikes Back . The Executor , now commanded by Admiral Piett , again appears as the Imperial command ship at the climax of Return of the Jedi . In the sequel trilogy movie , The Force Awakens , Rey pilots the Millennium Falcon through the wreckage of the crashed Super Star Destroyer , Ravager , during a chase scene . </P> <P> Other Star Destroyer varieties appear in the Star Wars prequel and sequel films . Star Wars creator George Lucas calls the cigar - shaped Separatist cruisers visible at the beginning of Revenge of the Sith `` Star Destroyers '' in the movie 's DVD commentary track . Venator - class Star Destroyers are introduced in Revenge of the Sith and later appear throughout Star Wars : The Clone Wars . The Venator - class ships initially appear with a red and grey Republic color scheme . However towards the end of Revenge of the Sith the Venators are gray and white , signifying the Empire 's rise to power . </P> <P> The Force Awakens introduces the Resurgent - class Star Destroyers , belonging to the First Order . The Resurgent - class star destroyers are larger than Imperial - class star destroyers but smaller than Super Star Destroyers . One of them , the Finalizer , is commanded by Kylo Ren . </P> <P> The Last Jedi introduces two classes of Star Dreadnoughts : The Mandator IV - class Siege Dreadnought , and the Mega-class Star Dreadnought . The Mandator IV - class Siege Dreadnought features two `` orbital auto cannons '' and is used as a siege warship . The sole Mega-class Star Dreadnought , the Supremacy , is commanded by Supreme Leader Snoke himself and acts as the headquarters of the First Order . The Supremacy has a different geometry than other Star Destroyers ; it is a short , very wide triangle while other star destroyers are long , thin triangles . </P> <H3> Novels and other media ( edit ) </H3> <P> In addition to the main Films and TV series , much of the other Star Wars media post-2014 is also considered canon . These materials feature additional details and storylines involving Imperial Star Destroyers ; also introducing other varieties . </P> <P> It is revealed that the Empire had a dozen Super Star Destroyers in service during the time of the Battle of Endor , in addition to Darth Vader 's Executor command ship ( as the sole ship depicted in the films ) . The final surviving Super Star Destroyer , the Ravager , is the vessel whose wreckage appears in The Force Awakens . The Ravager 's crash onto Jakku is depicted in the game Star Wars Battlefront ( 2015 ) . </P> <H3> Star Wars Legends ( edit ) </H3> <P> In April 2014 , most of the licensed Star Wars novels , games , and comics produced since 1977 ( and prior to 2014 ) , were rebranded by Lucasfilm as Star Wars Legends ; and therefore declared non-canon to the franchise . However , Star Destroyers feature in numerous Legends publications , with a considerable amount of additional notable information . </P> <P> According to Star Wars roleplaying books and other texts , Imperial - class Star Destroyers are constructed by Kuat Drive Yards and hold a distinguished place in the Imperial Navy , symbolizing the Empire 's military might with a peak number of more than 25,000 vessels . Like the Victory - and Venator - class ships that precede it , this Star Destroyer is notable for its massive size and overwhelming firepower ; a single Imperial - class ship is capable of overwhelming most starships or devastating a hostile planet , and its mere presence is often enough to deter rebellion . At 1,600 meters ( 5,200 ft ) long , Imperial - class Star Destroyers are armed with turbolasers , ion cannons and tractor beam projectors . They carry 72 TIE fighters , numerous ground forces ( including stormtroopers , 20 AT - ATs and 30 AT - STs ) , a prefabricated base for rapid deployment to planetary surfaces , and a variety of support craft . After the Battle of Endor , the Rebel Alliance captured several Imperial - class ships and added them to their own fleet . Although the New Republic eventually upgrades its starfleet with newer ship types , the Imperial - class Star Destroyer remains in service well into the New Jedi Order era and fights during the Yuuzhan Vong War . </P> <P> Kevin J. Anderson 's novel Darksaber describes a Super Star Destroyer as being `` worth twenty Imperial Star Destroyers '' . Described in A Guide to the Star Wars Universe ( 1984 ) as being 8 kilometers ( 5.0 mi ) long , Executor - class Super Star Destroyers were later described as being 19 kilometers ( 12 mi ) long . In addition to Vader 's command ship , Star Wars novels introduce the prison ship Lusankya and stealth - armored Night Hammer as ships in the class . </P> <P> The labels `` Star Destroyer '' and `` Super Star Destroyer '' are applied to several other massive Star Wars warships , such as the Pellaeon - class in the Legacy comic series ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , the reborn Emperor Palpatine 's flagships Eclipse and Eclipse II in the Dark Empire series ( 1991 -- 1995 ) , and the Victory class first described in the early Star Wars novella Han Solo 's Revenge ( 1979 ) . </P> <H2> Merchandise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lego has released numerous Star Destroyer kits , including a 1 - metre (

The name of Darth Vader's Star Destroyer was the

What was the name of darth vader star destroyer?

5980486301760893723

<Tr> <Th> Shenzi </Th> <Td> Whoopi Goldberg </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Whoopi Goldberg </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Florence Kasumba </Td> <Td> Tress MacNeille </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Banzai </Th> <Td> Cheech Marin </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Cheech Marin </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Keegan - Michael Key </Td> <Td> Rob Paulsen </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ed </Th> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Eric Andre </Td> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gopher </Th> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kiara </Th> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Neve Campbell Liz Callaway Michelle Horn Charity Sanoy </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Eden Riegel </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Eden Riegel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kovu </Th> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Jason Marsden Gene Miller Ryan O'Donohue </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> Jason Marsden </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nuka </Th> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Andy Dick </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> Andy Dick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitani </Th> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Jennifer Lien Lacey Chabert Crysta Macalush </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> Lacey Chabert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zira </Th> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Suzanne Pleshette </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> Nika Futterman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ma </Th> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Julie Kavner </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncle Max </Th> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Jerry Stiller </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kion </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Max Charles </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Max Charles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bunga </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Joshua Rush </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Joshua Rush </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fuli </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Diamond White </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Diamond White </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beshte </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Dusan Brown </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Dusan Brown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ono </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Atticus Shaffer </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Atticus Shaffer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Zuri </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Madison Pettis </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Madison Pettis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tiifu </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Sarah Hyland </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Sarah Hyland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Janja </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Andrew Kishino </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Andrew Kishino </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cheezi </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Vargus Mason </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Vargus Mason </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chungu </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Kevin Schon </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Kevin Schon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mzingo </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Greg Ellis </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Greg Ellis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Big Baboon </Th> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> Ford Riley </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Dee Bradley Baker </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quint </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Corey Burton </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speedy the Snail </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Corey Burton </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fred </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> S. Scott Bullock </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Boss Beaver </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Brad Garrett </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Irwin </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Charlie Adler </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Toucan Dan </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Jeff Bennett </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cheetata </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Rob Paulsen </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cheetato </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Smolder the Bear </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Jim Cummings </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Three Natives </Th> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> Jeff Bennett </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nne </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Beau Black </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tano </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Dee Bradley Baker </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jasiri </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Maia Mitchell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madoa </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Maisie Klompus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tunu </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Crimson Hart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wema </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Fiona Hart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Makuu </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Blair Underwood </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Makini </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Landry Bender </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basi </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Kevin Michael Richardson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Laini </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Meghan Strange </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mtoto </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Jason Felbinger </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ma Tembo </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Lynette Dupree </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kiburi </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Common </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tamka </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Nolan North </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nduli </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Jorge Diaz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reirei </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Ana Gasteyer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Goigoi </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Phil LaMarr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dogo </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Jacob Guenther </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ushari </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Christian Slater </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Makucha </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Steven Blum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Badili </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Jack McBrayer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mapigano </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Jorge Diaz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mjomba </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Charlie Adler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ogopa </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Marieve Herington </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Haya </Th> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Ogie Banks </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Notes : </P> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Banzai was renamed `` Kamari '' for the 2019 film , but is the same character . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ed was renamed `` Azizi '' for the 2019 film , but is the same character . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Introduced in the Lion King ( 1994 ) ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Simba ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Simba <P> Simba ( voiced by Matthew Broderick in the films , Cam Clarke in Timon & Pumbaa , Rob Lowe in The Lion Guard , and Donald Glover in the 2019 remake ) is the son of Mufasa and Sarabi , Scar 's nephew , Nala 's husband and Kiara and Kion 's father . After defeating Scar , Simba take 's Mufasa 's place as King of Pride Rock before marrying Nala and having Kiara and Kion with her . </P> <H3> Nala ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Nala ( Disney ) <P> Nala ( voiced by Moira Kelly in The Lion King , The Lion King ll : Simba 's Pride , and The Lion King 11⁄2 , and Gabrielle Union in The Lion Guard ) is the daughter of Sarafina , the best friend and later wife of Simba and Kiara and Kion 's mother . Although she is a prominent character in The Lion King , she makes minor appearances in Simba 's Pride , The Lion King 11⁄2 , and The Lion Guard . </P> <P> In the first film , she is portrayed as Simba 's childhood friend . After helping Simba enter the elephant graveyard , she has to be rescued by Mufasa when the hyenas attack them . Several years later , Nala encounters Simba as a young adult and develops a romance with him . After returning to Pride Rock , she helps Simba defeat Scar and take his rightful place as King of Pride Rock . In Simba 's Pride , Nala is depicted as slightly older , calmer and less overprotective than her mate . </P> <H3> Timon and Pumbaa ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Timon and Pumbaa <P> Timon and Pumbaa ( voiced by Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella in the films and TV series , respectively ) are a meerkat and warthog duo . Although they are supporting characters in the first two films , they are featured as the main characters in The Lion King 11⁄2 as well as in the Timon & Pumbaa TV series . In the first film they become friends with Simba and teach him the basics of life in the jungle . After helping Simba stop Scar 's tyrannical reign , the two become Simba 's royal advisors , and as revealed in the TV series The Lion Guard , the adoptive uncles of the honey badger , Bunga . </P> <P> While Lane voiced Timon in early episodes of Timon & Pumbaa , for the majority of the series Timon is voiced by Kevin Schon or Quinton Flynn . Schon voices Timon in The Lion Guard . </P> <H3> Scar ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Scar ( Disney ) <P> Scar ( voiced by Jeremy Irons in The Lion King and Jim Cummings in The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , and David Oyelowo in The Lion Guard ) is the main antagonist of The Lion King franchise , Simba 's paternal uncle and Mufasa 's younger brother . In The Lion King , after he commits a coup d'état by murdering Mufasa and exiling Simba , he becomes `` King of the Pride Lands '' . However , years later , Simba returns to Pride Rock and overthrows Scar to become King of the Pride Lands . </P> <P> The Lion Guard : Return of the Roar reveals that Scar was once the leader of the titular group and , like his great - nephew Kion , once possessed the Roar of the Elders . Scar lost the Roar after using it to destroy the other members of his Lion Guard , as the Roar is meant to be used for good , not evil . In Season 2 of The Lion Guard , Scar appears as a fiery spirit in a volcano after Kion unknowingly summons him by using the Roar in anger . Scar then conspires with the animals in the Outlands to take over the Pride Lands and defeat the new Lion Guard and Simba , who remain unaware that Scar has returned . </P> <H3> Mufasa ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mufasa ( voiced by James Earl Jones in the films and Gary Anthony Williams in The Lion Guard ) is Scar 's older brother , Sarabi 's husband , Simba 's father and Kiara and Kion 's paternal grandfather who is introduced as the King of the Pride Lands . The name `` Mufasa '' means `` King '' in the Manazoto language . In The Lion King , he teaches Simba on what a king is supposed to be . However , Mufasa later dies after being thrown into a wildebeest stampede by Scar whilst rescuing Simba . He returns years later as a ghostly apparition in the clouds to help an older Simba return to the Pride Lands and remember who he is as King . </P> <P> In The Lion Guard , Mufasa serves as a spirit guide to his grandson Kion . </P> <P> According to Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , they knew that Jones ' voice was powerful similar to the lion roar . Jones is scheduled to reprise his role in the upcoming live - action adaptation of the film directed by Jon Favreau . </P> <H3> Sarabi ( edit ) </H3> `` Sarabi '' redirects here . For other uses , see Sarabi ( disambiguation ) . <P> Sarabi ( voiced by Madge Sinclair ) is Mufasa 's wife , Simba 's mother and Kiara and Kion 's paternal grandmother . Her name means `` mirage '' in Swahili . In The Lion King , she serves as the Queen of Pride Rock . Years after Scar usurps the throne , Sarabi helps Simba fight against Scar and his hyenas . When Simba defeats Scar , Nala becomes Queen and Sarabi becomes Queen Mother . </P> <H3> Zazu ( edit ) </H3> <P> Zazu ( voiced by Rowan Atkinson in The Lion King , Edward Hibbert in Timon & Pumbaa , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , and The Lion King 11⁄2 , and Jeff Bennett in The Lion Guard ) is a red - billed hornbill and majordomo to Mufasa and later Simba . After Mufasa 's death , Zazu becomes a prisoner of Scar before Pumbaa releases him when Simba returns to the Pride Lands . He eventually acts as a scout and advises Simba on royal protocol . In the musical , Zazu is a puppet controlled by an actor dressed in blue striped clothes and a bowler hat , much like

In the Lion King, the female lion is called

What is the female lion called in lion king?

-4664207169377167173

Chilliwack ( band ) - wikipedia <H1> Chilliwack ( band ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chilliwack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bill Henderson , guitarist and vocalist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> Rock , progressive rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1970 -- 1988 , 1997 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> Parrot , A&M , Goldfish , Casino , Sire , Mushroom Records , Solid Gold , Millennium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> Classics ( 1964 ) , Collectors ( 1966 ) , Headpins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> Bill Henderson Ed Henderson Jerry Adolphe Gord Maxwell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Doug Edwards Ross Turney Claire Lawrence Glenn Miller Brian MacLeod Howard Froese Jamie Bowers Ab Bryant Bucky Berger Rick Taylor John Roles </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Chilliwack is a Canadian rock band centered on the singer and guitarist Bill Henderson , which started off with a more Progressive rock sound that incorporated elements of folk , jazz , and blues , before moving towards a more straight - ahead hard rock / pop rock sound by the mid-70s . They were active from 1970 to 1988 , while Henderson reformed the band in 1997 . Their six best - selling songs were `` My Girl ( Gone , Gone , Gone ) '' , `` I Believe '' , `` Whatcha Gonna Do '' , `` Fly At Night '' , `` Crazy Talk '' , and `` Lonesome Mary '' . The band 's lineup has changed many times while they have continued to tour across Canada . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Headpins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Discography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Albums </Li> <Li> 2.2 Singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The band originated in Vancouver , British Columbia . The members of the C - FUN Classics changed the band 's name to The Collectors when Bill Henderson joined in 1966 . Their psychedelic self - titled debut album yielded the minor hit `` Lydia Purple '' . Their second album was based on the musical score written by the band for a stage play by Canadian playwright George Ryga , Grass and Wild Strawberries . </P> <P> Vocalist Howie Vickers left the Collectors in 1969 ; the remaining members formed the band Chilliwack in 1970 , Chilliwack being a Salish term meaning `` valley of many streams '' and the name of a city east of Vancouver in the Fraser River valley . </P> <P> Lead guitarist Bill Henderson led the remaining former Collectors members : Glenn Miller ( bass , guitar , backing vocals ) , Ross Turney ( drums ) , and Claire Lawrence ( flute , saxophone , keyboards , backing vocals ) ; while he provided most of the vocals and did most of the composing . During 1970 , Miller briefly left the band , who were joined on the road by Robbie King ( keyboards , bass ) and played at Expo ' 70 in Japan and other gigs across Canada . </P> <P> In 1971 bassist Rick Kilburn played live with Chilliwack for a short time before Miller returned later that same year when Lawrence departed . New member Howard Froese ( guitar , keyboards , backing vocals ) joined in 1973 . </P> <P> The band released several records that were moderately successful . Hit singles in Canada included `` Lonesome Mary '' , which entered Cashbox January 22 , 1972 ( and was their first US charting single , peaking at # 75 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1972 ) , `` Crazy Talk '' ( # 98 in the US in January 1975 ) , and `` Fly at Night '' ( # 75 in the US in May 1977 ) . The album track `` Rain - o '' , a blues - based composition that appeared in different versions on their debut album , Chilliwack ( June 1970 ) and the later Dreams , Dreams , Dreams ( January 1977 ) , was a well - known concert favourite . </P> <P> Chilliwack 's debut was followed by two more albums : Chilliwack in September 1971 and All Over You in December 1972 . </P> <P> In April 1974 their album Riding High on Goldfish Records ( Terry Jacks ' label ) contained one of their biggest hits , the aforementioned `` Crazy Talk '' , which was produced by Jacks . This album was not released in the US until early 1975 ( on the Sire Records label ) , where it was retitled Chilliwack ( their third U.S. release to bear that title ) . </P> <P> However , Chilliwack had a difficult time sustaining any success because of their constant changes of label . The two Collectors albums were on Warner Brothers and Chilliwack 's first five albums were on four different labels in Canada : Parrot , A&M , Goldfish , and Casino Records . </P> <P> Rockerbox , their fifth album , was released in December 1975 on Sire Records in the US and ( with a different cover ) on the little known , aforementioned Casino Records label in Canada . It was Chilliwack 's least successful album in Canada . </P> <P> The band was then signed to Vancouver 's Mushroom Records , with distribution throughout North America . After completing one album for the label , Dreams , Dreams , Dreams , Chilliwack began work on their seventh album , to be titled Lights from the Valley . The first attempt at recording proved unsatisfactory , leading to discord among the band members . Veteran guitarist Froese was replaced by Brian MacLeod , who contributed guitar , drums , keyboards , and backing vocals . The album was re-recorded ; with some of Froese 's vocal and guitar work , as well as percussion from session drummer Eddie Tuduri , included in the final mix . By the time of the record 's release , bassist Glenn Miller and long term drummer Ross Turney had left the group . Mushroom was also having financial problems which hampered the promotion of the album after its release in June 1978 . </P> <P> Drummer Skip Layton and former Prism bassist Ab Bryant were recruited to perform with Henderson , Jamie Bowers ( guitar , keyboards ) , and MacLeod in Chilliwack 's 1978 live gigs . Henderson , MacLeod , and Bryant then began working on Chilliwack 's eighth album in 1979 , joined by John Roles ( guitar , keyboards , backing vocals ) and drummer Bucky Berger . The Mushroom label went bankrupt abruptly shortly after the album , Breakdown in Paradise , was released in December 1979 . Berger was replaced by Rick Taylor shortly thereafter , and the lineup of Henderson , MacLeod , Bryant , Roles , and Taylor toured into 1980 . </P> <P> Chilliwack then signed with Solid Gold Records in Canada and Millennium Records in the U.S. in 1981 as a trio ( Henderson / MacLeod / Bryant ) and enjoyed its greatest success with this lineup , releasing the albums Wanna Be a Star ( September 1981 ) and Opus X ( October 1982 ) . The singles `` My Girl ( Gone , Gone , Gone ) '' ( Their first US Top 40 hit , peaking at # 22 in December 1981 ) , `` I Believe '' ( US # 33 in March 1982 ) , and `` Whatcha Gonna Do ( When I 'm Gone ) '' ( US # 41 in December 1982 ) were popular both in Canada and in the U.S. Rolling Stone wrote : </P> <P> `` At their best , Chilliwack was the finest Canadian rock band , outrocking BTO and outwriting Burton Cummings . But a lack of consistency kept it from international success . '' </P> <P> The trio of Henderson , MacLeod , and Bryant were joined by drummer Paul Delaney in early 1982 for US promotional appearances on TV shows , like Solid Gold and The Merv Griffin Show , before heading out on the road later in the year with an expanded lineup of Henderson , MacLeod , Bryant , Joey Franco ( drums ) , Glenn Grayson ( keyboards , backing vocals ) , and Dennis Grayson ( keyboards , backing vocals ) . </P> <P> Henderson and MacLeod received a Best Producer Juno Award for Opus X . However , echoing the Mushroom problems , Millennium Records then collapsed . MacLeod and Bryant left the band soon after , in early 1983 , to devote more time to their other project , the Headpins , and Chilliwack 's last new studio recording , Look In Look Out , was released in July 1984 with Henderson as the only continuing member , joined by session players Ashley Mulford ( guitar , backing vocals , from the band Sad Café ) , Richard Gibbs ( keyboards , from the group Oingo Boingo ) , Mo Foster ( bass ) , Simon Phillips ( drums ) , and Tom Keenlyside ( saxophone ) , with additional vocals provided by Mark LaFrance , Saffron & Camille Henderson , Dustin Keller , and Bob Rock . </P> <P> By 1985 the band was without a record deal and Henderson cobbled together a touring only lineup made up of former member Claire Lawrence ( sax , backing vocals ) , Jerry Adolphe ( drums ) , Brian Newcombe ( bass ) , Robbie Gray ( keyboards , backing vocals ) , and Dave Pickell ( keyboards ) . Pickell was replaced almost immediately by another former member John Roles ( guitar , keyboards ) and this grouping played mostly in Canadian clubs and smaller venues until Henderson , growing weary of the club crowds , who were out more to drink and socialize than listen to music , disbanded the group in December 1988 . </P> <P> On October 6 , 1991 , Henderson joined fellow rockers Loverboy , Bryan Adams , Colin James , and Chrissy Steele at a benefit show at Vancouver 's 86 Street Music Hall to raise over $50,000 for Henderson 's former Chilliwack bandmate , Brian MacLeod , who was fighting cancer and undergoing treatment at a Houston medical clinic . MacLeod died on April 25 , 1992 , aged 39 . </P> <P> In 1989 Henderson went on to form the folk - rock supergroup UHF and decided to launch a new Chilliwack lineup in 1997 , made up of himself , Adolphe ( drums ) , Doug Edwards ( bass , backing vocals ) , and Roy ' Bim ' Forbes ( guitar , backing vocals , from UHF ) . Forbes was succeeded on guitar in 1998 by Bill 's brother , Ed , and Chilliwack released a new live album , There and Back - Live , in 2003 . </P> <P> Chilliwack performed at 2005 's Voyageur Days Festival in Mattawa , Ontario , where they appeared that July with other Canadian bands Moxy , Toronto , Trooper , Goddo , Killer Dwarfs , and Ray Lyell for the thirtieth anniversary of Moxy 's debut album release . </P> <P> On May 24 , 2010 , the current members of Chilliwack ( Bill Henderson , Ed Henderson , Doug Edwards , and Jerry Adolphe ) were joined by former

The song "Gone, Gone, Gone, She's Been Gone So Long" is sung by

Who sings gone gone gone she been gone so long?

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Next Australian federal election - Wikipedia <H1> Next Australian federal election </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Next Australian federal election <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← 2016 </Td> <Td> On or before 18 May 2019 ( half - Senate ) <P> On or before 2 November 2019 ( House of Representatives ) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> All 151 seats in the Australian House of Representatives 76 seats are needed for a majority 40 ( of the 76 ) seats in the Australian Senate </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Opinion polls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader </Th> <Td> Malcolm Turnbull </Td> <Td> Bill Shorten </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Party </Th> <Td> Liberal / National coalition </Td> <Td> Labor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader since </Th> <Td> 14 September 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 13 October 2013 ( 2013 - 10 - 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader 's seat </Th> <Td> Wentworth </Td> <Td> Maribyrnong </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last election </Th> <Td> 76 seats </Td> <Td> 69 seats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current seats </Th> <Td> 76 seats </Td> <Td> 69 seats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seats needed </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2016 TPP </Th> <Td> 50.36 % </Td> <Td> 49.64 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TPP polling </Th> <Td> 47 % </Td> <Td> 53 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader </Th> <Td> Richard Di Natale </Td> <Td> Nick Xenophon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Party </Th> <Td> Greens </Td> <Td> Xenophon Team </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader since </Th> <Td> 6 May 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 1 June 2013 ( 2013 - 06 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader 's seat </Th> <Td> Senator for Victoria </Td> <Td> Not Contesting </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last election </Th> <Td> 1 seat </Td> <Td> 1 seat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current seats </Th> <Td> 1 seat </Td> <Td> 1 seat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seats needed </Th> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader </Th> <Td> Bob Katter </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Party </Th> <Td> Katter 's Australian </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader since </Th> <Td> 3 June 2011 ( 2011 - 06 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader 's seat </Th> <Td> Kennedy </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last election </Th> <Td> 1 seat </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current seats </Th> <Td> 1 seat </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seats needed </Th> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Incumbent Prime minister <P> Malcolm Turnbull Liberal / National coalition </P> </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The next Australian federal election will elect members of the 46th Parliament of Australia . The election will be called following the dissolution or expiry of the 45th Parliament as elected at the 2016 double dissolution federal election . </P> <P> Except for another double dissolution , the next election must be held between 4 August 2018 and 18 May 2019 for half of the Senators ( from the States ) and on or before 2 November 2019 for the House of Representatives and the Senators from the territories . </P> <P> Australia has compulsory voting ; it uses full - preference instant - runoff voting in single member seats for the lower house , the House of Representatives ( currently 150 seats , but will be 151 seats at the next election ) , and optional - preference single transferable voting in the proportionally represented upper house , the 76 - seat Senate . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Previous election <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Result </Li> <Li> 1.2 Marginal seat pendulum </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Retiring MPs and senators <Ul> <Li> 2.1 House Of Representatives </Li> <Li> 2.2 Senate </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Opinion polls <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Graphical summary </Li> <Li> 3.2 Voting intention </Li> <Li> 3.3 Preferred prime minister and satisfaction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Timeline </Li> <Li> 5 Election date <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Constitutional and legal provisions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Redistributions <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Changes to representation entitlement </Li> <Li> 6.2 Northern Territory </Li> <Li> 6.3 Tasmania </Li> <Li> 6.4 Queensland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Previous election ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Australian federal election , 2016 <P> Though federal election outcomes are traditionally called by political commentators on election night , even during the following day the outcome could not be predicted , with many close seats in doubt . After a week of vote counting , still no party had won enough seats in the 150 - seat House of Representatives to form a majority government . Neither the incumbent Turnbull Government led by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull of the Liberal / National Coalition nor the Shorten Opposition led by Opposition Leader Bill Shorten of the Australian Labor Party were in a position to concede defeat or claim victory . Many political commentators predicted a hung parliament such as occurred at the 2010 election . </P> <P> Turnbull repeatedly claimed prior to the election that a vote for a Labor , Green or Independent candidate was a vote for `` the Labor / Green / Independent alliance '' , and also refused to countenance a hung parliament . However , during the uncertain week following the election , Turnbull negotiated with the crossbench and secured confidence and supply support from Bob Katter and from independents Andrew Wilkie and Cathy McGowan in the event of a hung parliament and resulting minority government . During crossbench negotiations , Turnbull pledged additional staff and resources for crossbenchers , and stated `` It is my commitment to work in every way possible to ensure that the crossbenchers have access to all of the information they need and all of the resources they need to be able to play the role they need in this parliament '' . On 10 July , eight days after the election took place and following Turnbull 's negotiations with the crossbench where he secured sufficient confidence and supply support , Shorten conceded defeat , acknowledging that the incumbent Coalition had enough seats to form either a minority or majority government . Turnbull claimed victory later that day . In the closest federal majority result since the 1961 election , the ABC declared on 11 July that the incumbent Coalition would be able to form a one - seat majority government . It was the first election result since federation where the post-election opposition won more seats than the post-election government in both of Australia 's two most populous states , New South Wales and Victoria . </P> <H3> Result ( edit ) </H3> See also : Results of the Australian federal election , 2016 ( House of Representatives ) See also : Senate results for the Australian federal election , 2016 <P> In the 150 - seat House of Representatives , the one - term incumbent Liberal / National Coalition government suffered a 14 - seat swing , reducing it to 76 seats , a bare one - seat majority . Resulting from the national three percent two - party swing against the government , the Labor opposition picked up a significant number of previously government - held seats − totaling 69 seats . On the crossbench the Greens , the Nick Xenophon Team , Katter 's Australian Party , and independents Wilkie and McGowan won a seat each . On 19 July the Australian Electoral Commission ( AEC ) announced a re-count for the Coalition - held but provisionally Labor - won Division of Herbert . At the start of the Herbert re-count , Labor led by eight votes . The AEC announced on 31 July that Labor had won Herbert by 37 votes . </P> <P> The final outcome in the 76 - seat Australian Senate took over four weeks to complete despite significant voting changes . Earlier in 2016 , legislation changed the Senate voting system from a full - preference single transferable vote with group voting tickets to an optional - preferential single transferable vote . The final Senate result was announced on 4 August : Liberal / National Coalition 30 seats ( − 3 ) , Labor 26 seats ( + 1 ) , Greens 9 seats ( − 1 ) , One Nation 4 seats ( + 4 ) and Nick Xenophon Team 3 seats ( + 2 ) . Derryn Hinch won a seat , while Jacqui Lambie , Liberal Democrat David Leyonhjelm and Family First 's Bob Day retained their seats . The number of crossbenchers increased by two to a record 20 . The Liberal / National Coalition will require at least nine additional votes to reach a Senate majority , an increase of three . As per convention , the government and opposition agreed to support a motion in the parliament that the first six senators elected in each state would serve a six - year term , while the last six elected would serve a three - year term . </P> <H3> Marginal seat pendulum ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Post-election pendulum for the Australian federal election , 2016 <P> Based on the 2016 post-election pendulum for the Australian federal election , this Mackerras pendulum has the Liberal / National Coalition government on 76 of 150 seats with the Labor opposition on 69 seats and a crossbench of five seats . </P> <P> Assuming a theoretical uniform swing , for the Labor opposition to get to 76 seats and majority government would require Labor with 51.0 % of the two - party vote from a 1.4 - point two - party swing or greater , while for the incumbent Coalition to lose majority government would require the Coalition with 49.8 % of the two - party vote from a 0.6 - point two - party swing or greater . </P> <P> The key marginal seats are as follows : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Marginal Coalition seats </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capricornia ( Qld ) </Td> <Td> Michelle Landry </Td> <Td> LNP </Td> <Td> 50.63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ^ ^ ^ Government loses majority on a uniform swing ^ ^ ^ </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Forde ( Qld ) </Td> <Td> Bert van Manen </Td> <Td> LNP </Td> <Td> 50.63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gilmore ( NSW ) </Td> <Td> Ann Sudmalis </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 50.73 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Flynn ( Qld ) </Td> <Td> Ken O'Dowd </Td> <Td> LNP </Td> <Td> 51.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robertson ( NSW ) </Td> <Td> Lucy Wicks </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 51.14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chisholm ( Vic ) </Td> <Td> Julia Banks </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 51.24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dunkley ( Vic ) </Td> <Td> Chris Crewther </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 51.43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ^ ^ ^ Opposition wins majority on a uniform swing ^ ^ ^ </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Banks ( NSW ) </Td> <Td> David Coleman </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 51.44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> La Trobe ( Vic ) </Td> <Td> Jason Wood </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 51.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dickson ( Qld ) </Td> <Td> Peter Dutton </Td> <Td> LNP </Td> <Td> 51.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Petrie ( Qld ) </Td> <Td> Luke Howarth </Td> <Td> LNP </Td> <Td> 51.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Grey ( SA ) </Td> <Td> Rowan Ramsey </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 51.95 v NXT </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hasluck ( WA ) </Td> <Td> Ken Wyatt </Td> <Td> LIB </Td> <Td> 52.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Page ( NSW ) </Td> <Td> Kevin Hogan

The next Senate election in Australia is scheduled to take place

When is the next senate election in australia?

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Air gap ( plumbing ) - wikipedia <H1> Air gap ( plumbing ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Water can not flow from the sink to the tap in normal circumstances , even if the water supply loses pressure . <P> An air gap , as it relates to the plumbing trade , is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture . </P> <P> A simple example is the space between a wall mounted faucet and the sink rim ( this space is the air gap ) . Water can easily flow from the faucet into the sink , but there is no way that water can flow from the sink into the faucet without modifying the system . This arrangement will prevent any contaminants in the sink from flowing into the potable water system by siphonage and is the least expensive form of backflow prevention . </P> <P> A common use of the term `` air gap '' in home plumbing refers to a fixture that provides back - flow prevention for an installed dishwasher . This `` air gap '' is seen above the countertop as a small cylindrical fixture mounted parallel with the faucet . Below the countertop , the drain pipe of the dishwasher feeds the `` top '' of the air gap , and the `` bottom '' of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket , or into a garbage disposal unit . When installed and maintained properly , the air gap works as described above , and prevents drain water from the sink from backing up into the dishwasher , possibly contaminating dishes . Water flowing from the fixture into the sink indicates a need for maintenance or repair . </P> <P> To further illustrate the air gap , consider what could happen if the air gap were eliminated by attaching a hose to the faucet and lowering the hose into a sink full of contaminated water . Under the right conditions ( if the water supply loses pressure and the sink is higher than the point at which the water supply enters the house , for instance ) , the dirty water in the sink will be siphoned into the water pipes through the hose and faucet . The dirty water then will be dispersed throughout the drinking water system . </P> <H2> Standards and codes ( edit ) </H2> <P> All plumbing codes require backflow prevention in several ways . The plumbing fixture manufacturers build the fixtures to meet these codes . Plumbers must not build cross-connections in their daily work practices , and plumbing inspectors look for improper designs or connections of piping and plumbing fixtures . A common misconception is that a `` high loop '' ( routing a drain line above a sink 's flood level , for instance ) will provide the same function as an air gap ; this is not true , because the continuous connection in such a case still will allow backflow through siphoning . </P> <P> According to the International Residential Code 2003 , an air gap must meet the requirements of being two times the effective inner diameter of the pipe ( 2 * D ) in order to be sufficient . </P> <P> A standard widely use in the United States is : </P> <Ul> <Li> A112. 1.2 Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems ( For Plumbing Fixtures and Water - Connected Receptors ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hydrostatic loop </Li> <Li> Pressure vacuum breaker </Li> <Li> Double check valve </Li> <Li> Chemigation valve </Li> <Li> Reduced pressure zone device </Li> <Li> Atmospheric vacuum breaker </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ International Residential Code 2003 ( 1st ed . ) . Definition : AIR GAP , WATER -- DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM : International Code Council . 2003 . p. 9 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 892395 - 58 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.plumbingsupply.com/airgap.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.justanswer.com/plumbing/1zdw3-kitchenaide-dishwasher-vent-next-faucet.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ International Residential Code 2003 ( 1st ed . ) . Paragraph P2902. 2.1 Air gaps : International Code Council . 2003 . p. 402 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 892395 - 58 - 0 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Backflow and prevention </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Backflow prevention methods </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atmospheric vacuum breaker </Li> <Li> Air gap </Li> <Li> Check valve </Li> <Li> Chemigation valve </Li> <Li> Double check valve </Li> <Li> Hydrostatic loop </Li> <Li> Pressure vacuum breaker </Li> <Li> Reduced pressure zone device </Li> <Li> Vacuum breaker </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_gap_(plumbing)&oldid=835383451 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Plumbing </Li> <Li> Plumbing valves </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 April 2018 , at 11 : 00 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The air gap on a dishwasher

What does the air gap do on a dishwasher?

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Tree - topper - Wikipedia <H1> Tree - topper </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Tree Topper . A Christmas tree crowned with a star tree - topper in Little Stanney , Cheshire , in England <P> A tree - topper or treetopper is a decorative ornament placed on the top ( or `` crown '' ) of a Christmas tree or Hanukkah bush . Tree - toppers can take any form , but the most common shapes are a star ( representing either the Star of Bethlehem or the Star of David ) , finials , angels ( `` Christmas angel '' ) , or fairies . Other tree - toppers include paper rosettes , ribbon bows , Father Christmases or Santa Clauses , Christian crosses , owls , and sunbursts . </P> <P> Tree - toppers may be made of blown glass , metal , or plastic , among other materials . Plastic tree - toppers are often electric and once connected with the tree 's lights glow from within . Following World War II , various symbols of Christmastide , such as Santa Claus , were introduced as electrified tree - toppers . </P> <P> Hans Christian Andersen 's short story of `` The Fir - Tree '' describes the decoration of a Danish Christmas tree , including its topper , thus : </P> <P> `` On one branch there hung little nets cut out of colored paper , and each net was filled with sugarplums ; and among the other boughs gilded apples and walnuts were suspended , looking as though they had grown there , and little blue and white tapers were placed among the leaves . Dolls that looked for all the world like men -- the Tree had never beheld such before -- were seen among the foliage , and at the very top a large star of gold tinsel was fixed . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin and use </Li> <Li> 2 Alternatives </Li> <Li> 3 Gallery </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin and use ( edit ) </H2> `` That pretty German toy , a Christmas tree '' ( 1848 ) , The Illustrated London News <P> Use of a Christmas angel as a tree - topper represents to some the angel Gabriel from the Nativity of Jesus : </P> <P> `` And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee , named Nazareth , to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph , of the house of David ; and the virgin 's name was Mary . '' </P> -- Luke 1 : 26 -- 27 ( KJV ) <P> Use of a star represents the Star of Bethlehem : </P> <P> `` Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king , behold , there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem , saying , ' Where is he that is born King of the Jews ? for we have seen his star in the east , and are come to worship him . ' '' </P> -- Matthew 2 : 1 -- 2 ( KJV ) <P> The use of the angel tree - topper goes back to the Victorian era , corresponding to the rise in popularity of Christmas trees in England . The Illustrated London News published a picture of Queen Victoria , Prince Albert , and their family around a Christmas tree topped with an angel , and by its influence the Christmas angel became the most common tree - topper . </P> <P> During the 1870s , in conjunction with the growing power of the British Empire , the Union Jack had become the most popular tree - topper . </P> <H2> Alternatives ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Jewish homes that use a Hanukkah bush , the Star of David is used as a tree - topper . </P> <P> Some Neo-pagan homes celebrate the winter solstice , which falls close to Christmas , by decorating an evergreen tree as a symbol of continuing life , but make an effort to decorate it with non-Christian symbols and often choose tree - toppers representing the sun . </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Post-War NOMA plastic , electrified angel tree - topper </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Croatian Christmas star </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Homemade Christmas angel </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A Christmas tree crowned with a star tree - topper Köln Germany </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Christmas tree </Li> <Li> Christmas ornament </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Andersen 's Fairy Tales , Project Gutenberg text </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ History of Christmas Trees at Christmas Archives </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ History of Tree - toppers </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christmas Tree - topper at Mahalo </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christmas tree . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Christmas trees </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cultivation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christmas tree cultivation </Li> <Li> Christmas tree cultivation history </Li> <Li> Christmas tree pests and weeds </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Canadian production </Li> <Li> Danish production </Li> <Li> Global production </Li> <Li> Mexican production </Li> <Li> U.S. production </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artificial </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Artificial Christmas tree </Li> <Li> Aluminum Christmas tree </Li> <Li> Feather Christmas tree </Li> <Li> Pre-lit tree </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Decorations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Candy cane </Li> <Li> Christmas ornament </Li> <Li> Christmas lights </Li> <Li> Garland </Li> <Li> Pickle </Li> <Li> Pleated Christmas hearts </Li> <Li> Shiny Brite ornaments </Li> <Li> Szaloncukor </Li> <Li> Tinsel </Li> <Li> Tree - topper </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Individual trees </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anthem </Li> <Li> Boston </Li> <Li> California Capitol </Li> <Li> Chicago </Li> <Li> Grand Place ( Brussels ) </Li> <Li> Grove ( L.A. ) </Li> <Li> Lisbon ( Portugal ) </Li> <Li> Macy 's ( Atlanta ) </Li> <Li> Milwaukee </Li> <Li> Mount Ingino ( Italy ) </Li> <Li> U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> U.S. National Tree </Li> <Li> Rockefeller Center </Li> <Li> Sri Lanka </Li> <Li> Toledo ( Ohio ) Zoo </Li> <Li> Trafalgar Square ( London ) </Li> <Li> Tree ( Paris ) </Li> <Li> Vatican </Li> <Li> White House </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trade groups </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> American Christmas Tree Association </Li> <Li> British Christmas Tree Growers Association </Li> <Li> Canadian Christmas Tree Growers Association </Li> <Li> Christmas Tree Promotion Board </Li> <Li> Danish Christmas Tree Growers Association </Li> <Li> National Christmas Tree Association </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chichilaki </Li> <Li> Christmas tree stand </Li> <Li> Festive ecology </Li> <Li> Hanukkah bush </Li> <Li> Holiday tree </Li> <Li> Rouse Simmons </Li> <Li> Singing Christmas Tree </Li> <Li> Tree baler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This religion - related article is a stub . 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The most popular item to put on top of a Christmas tree is

What is the most popular item to put on top of a christmas tree?

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reported in footnotes . </P> <P> The cash flow statement is intended to </P> <Ol> <Li> provide information on a firm 's liquidity and solvency and its ability to change cash flows in future circumstances </Li> <Li> provide additional information for evaluating changes in assets , liabilities and equity </Li> <Li> improve the comparability of different firms ' operating performance by eliminating the effects of different accounting methods </Li> <Li> indicate the amount , timing and probability of future cash flows </Li> </Ol> <P> The cash flow statement has been adopted as a standard financial statement because it eliminates allocations , which might be derived from different accounting methods , such as various timeframes for depreciating fixed assets . </P> <H2> History and variations ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cash basis financial statements were very common before accrual basis financial statements . The `` flow of funds '' statements of the past were cash flow statements . </P> <P> In 1863 , the Dowlais Iron Company had recovered from a business slump , but had no cash to invest for a new blast furnace , despite having made a profit . To explain why there were no funds to invest , the manager made a new financial statement that was called a comparison balance sheet , which showed that the company was holding too much inventory . This new financial statement was the genesis of cash flow statement that is used today . </P> <P> In the United States in 1973 , the Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) defined rules that made it mandatory under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( US GAAP ) to report sources and uses of funds , but the definition of `` funds '' was not clear . Net working capital might be cash or might be the difference between current assets and current liabilities . From the late 1970 to the mid-1980s , the FASB discussed the usefulness of predicting future cash flows . In 1987 , FASB Statement No. 95 ( FAS 95 ) mandated that firms provide cash flow statements . In 1992 , the International Accounting Standards Board issued International Accounting Standard 7 ( IAS 7 ) , Cash Flow Statement , which became effective in 1994 , mandating that firms provide cash flow statements . </P> <P> US GAAP and IAS 7 rules for cash flow statements are similar , but some of the differences are : </P> <Ul> <Li> IAS 7 requires that the cash flow statement include changes in both cash and cash equivalents . US GAAP permits using cash alone or cash and cash equivalents . </Li> <Li> IAS 7 permits bank borrowings ( overdraft ) in certain countries to be included in cash equivalents rather than being considered a part of financing activities . </Li> <Li> IAS 7 allows interest paid to be included in operating activities or financing activities . US GAAP requires that interest paid be included in operating activities . </Li> <Li> US GAAP ( FAS 95 ) requires that when the direct method is used to present the operating activities of the cash flow statement , a supplemental schedule must also present a cash flow statement using the indirect method . The IASC strongly recommends the direct method but allows either method . The IASC considers the indirect method less clear to users of financial statements . Cash flow statements are most commonly prepared using the indirect method , which is not especially useful in projecting future cash flows . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Cash flow activities ( edit ) </H2> <P> The cash flow statement is partitioned into three segments , namely : </P> <Ol> <Li> cash flow resulting from operating activities ; </Li> <Li> cash flow resulting from investing activities ; </Li> <Li> cash flow resulting from financing activities . </Li> </Ol> <P> The money coming into the business is called cash inflow , and money going out from the business is called cash outflow . </P> <H3> Operating activities ( edit ) </H3> <P> Operating activities include the production , sales and delivery of the company 's product as well as collecting payment from its customers . This could include purchasing raw materials , building inventory , advertising , and shipping the product . </P> <P> Under IAS 7 , operating cash flows include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Receipts for the sale of loans , debt or equity instruments in a trading portfolio </Li> <Li> Interest received on loans </Li> <Li> Payments to suppliers for goods and services </Li> <Li> Payments to employees or on behalf of employees </Li> <Li> Interest payments ( alternatively , this can be reported under financing activities in IAS 7 ) </Li> <Li> buying Merchandise </Li> </Ul> <P> Items which are added back to ( or subtracted from , as appropriate ) the net income figure ( which is found on the Income Statement ) to arrive at cash flows from operations generally include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Depreciation ( loss of tangible asset value over time ) </Li> <Li> Deferred tax </Li> <Li> Amortization ( loss of intangible asset value over time ) </Li> <Li> Any gains or losses associated with the sale of a non-current asset , because associated cash flows do not belong in the operating section ( unrealized gains / losses are also added back from the income statement ) . </Li> <Li> Dividends received </Li> </Ul> <H3> Investing activities ( edit ) </H3> <P> Examples of Investing activities are </P> <Ul> <Li> Purchase or Sale of an asset ( assets can be land , building , equipment , marketable securities , etc . ) </Li> <Li> Loans made to suppliers or received from customers </Li> <Li> Payments related to mergers and acquisition . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Financing activities ( edit ) </H3> <P> Financing activities include the inflow of cash from investors such as banks and shareholders , as well as the outflow of cash to shareholders as dividends as the company generates income . Other activities which impact the long - term liabilities and equity of the company are also listed in the financing activities section of the cash flow statement . </P> <P> Under IAS 7 , </P> <Ul> <Li> Payments of dividends </Li> <Li> Payments for repurchase of company shares </Li> <Li> For non-profit organizations , receipts of donor - restricted cash that is limited to long - term purposes </Li> </Ul> <P> Items under the financing activities section include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Dividends paid </Li> <Li> Sale or repurchase of the company 's stock </Li> <Li> Net borrowings </Li> <Li> Repayment of debt principal , including capital leases </Li> </Ul> <H2> Disclosure of non-cash activities ( edit ) </H2> <P> Under IAS 7 , non-cash investing and financing activities are disclosed in footnotes to the financial statements . Under US General Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP ) , non-cash activities may be disclosed in a footnote or within the cash flow statement itself . Non-cash financing activities may include </P> <Ul> <Li> Leasing to purchase an asset </Li> <Li> Converting debt to equity </Li> <Li> Exchanging non-cash assets or liabilities for other non-cash assets or liabilities </Li> <Li> Issuing share </Li> <Li> Payment of dividend taxes in exchange for assets </Li> </Ul> <H2> Preparation methods ( edit ) </H2> <P> The direct method of preparing a cash flow statement results in a more easily understood report . The indirect method is almost universally used , because FAS 95 requires a supplementary report similar to the indirect method if a company chooses to use the direct method . </P> <H3> Direct method ( edit ) </H3> <P> The direct method for creating a cash flow statement reports major classes of gross cash receipts and payments . Under IAS 7 , dividends received may be reported under operating activities or under investing activities . If taxes paid are directly linked to operating activities , they are reported under operating activities ; if the taxes are directly linked to investing activities or financing activities , they are reported under investing or financing activities . Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP ) vary from International Financial Reporting Standards in that under GAAP rules , dividends received from a company 's investing activities is reported as an `` operating activity , '' not an `` investing activity . '' </P> <P> Sample cash flow statement using the direct method </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Cash flows from ( used in ) operating activities </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cash receipts from customers </Td> <Td> 9,500 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cash paid to suppliers and employees </Td> <Td> ( 2,000 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cash generated from operations ( sum ) </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Interest paid </Td> <Td> ( 2,000 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Income taxes paid </Td> <Td> ( 3,000 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Net cash flows from operating activities </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Cash flows from ( used in ) investing activities </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Proceeds from the sale of equipment </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dividends received </Td> <Td> 3,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Net cash flows from investing activities </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Cash flows from ( used in ) financing activities </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dividends paid </Td> <Td> ( 2,500 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Net cash flows used in financing activities </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( 2,500 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Net increase in cash and cash equivalents </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cash and cash equivalents , beginning of year </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cash and cash equivalents , end of year </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $11,500 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Indirect method ( edit ) </H3> <P> The indirect method uses net - income as a starting point , makes adjustments for all transactions for non-cash items , then adjusts from all cash - based transactions . An increase in an asset account is subtracted from net income , and an increase in a liability account is added back to net income . This method converts accrual - basis net income ( or loss ) into cash flow by using a series of additions and deductions . </P> Rules ( operating activities ) ( edit ) <Table> * Non-cash expenses must be added back to NI . Such expenses may be represented on the balance sheet as decreases in long term asset accounts . Thus decreases in fixed assets increase NI . <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> To Find Cash Flows from Operating Activities using the Balance Sheet and Net Income </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="1"> For Increases in </Th> <Th colspan="1"> Net Inc Adj </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Current Assets ( Non-Cash ) </Td> <Td> Decrease </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Current Liabilities </Td> <Td> Increase </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="1"> For All Non-Cash ... </Th> <Th colspan="1"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> * Expenses ( Decreases in Fixed Assets ) </Td> <Td> Increase </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The following rules can be followed to calculate Cash Flows from Operating Activities when given only a two - year comparative balance sheet and the Net Income figure . Cash Flows from Operating Activities can be found by adjusting Net Income relative to the change in beginning and ending balances of Current Assets , Current Liabilities , and sometimes Long Term Assets . When comparing the change in long term assets over a year , the accountant must be certain that these changes were caused entirely by their devaluation rather than purchases or sales ( i.e. they must be operating items not providing or using cash ) or if they are nonoperating items . </P> <Ul> <Li> Decrease in non-cash current assets are added to net income </Li> <Li> Increase in non-cash current asset are subtracted from net income </Li> <Li> Increase in current liabilities are added to net income </Li> <Li> Decrease in current liabilities are subtracted from net income </Li> <Li> Expenses with no cash outflows are added

Dividends are reported on the cash flow statement in

Where does dividends go on cash flow statement?

-6195495799282225761

180th meridian - wikipedia <H1> 180th meridian </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Anti-Meridian '' redirects here . For the Brave Saint Saturn album , see Anti-Meridian ( album ) . For ante meridiem ( AM ) , the time before midday , see 12 - hour clock . 180th meridian <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Map all coordinates using OSM Map all coordinates using Google </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Export all coordinates as KML </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Export all coordinates as GPX </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Map all microformatted coordinates </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Place data as RDF </Td> </Tr> </Table> The International Date Line zigzags around the 180th Meridian . <P> The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180 ° east or west of the Prime Meridian , with which it forms a great circle dividing the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres . It is common to both east longitude and west longitude . It is used as the basis for the International Date Line because it mostly passes through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean . However , the meridian passes through Russia and Fiji as well as Antarctica . </P> <P> Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole , the 180th meridian passes through : </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Co-ordinates ( approximate ) </Th> <Th> Country , territory or sea </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 ° 0 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  90.000 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 90.000 ; 180.000  ( Arctic Ocean ) </Td> <Td> Arctic Ocean </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 71 ° 32 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  71.533 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 71.533 ; 180.000  ( Russia ) </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Chukotka Autonomous Okrug -- Wrangel Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 ° 58 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  70.967 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 70.967 ; 180.000  ( Chukchi Sea ) </Td> <Td> Chukchi Sea </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68 ° 59 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  68.983 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 68.983 ; 180.000  ( Russia ) </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Chukotka Autonomous Okrug </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 ° 02 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  65.033 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 65.033 ; 180.000  ( Bering Sea ) </Td> <Td> Bering Sea </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 ° 0 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  52.000 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 52.000 ; 180.000  ( Amchitka Pass ) </Td> <Td> Amchitka Pass </Td> <Td> Passing just east of Semisopochnoi Island , Alaska , United States ( at 51 ° 57 ′ N 179 ° 47 ′ E  /  51.950 ° N 179.783 ° E  / 51.950 ; 179.783  ( Semisopochnoi Island ) ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 ° 0 ′ N 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  51.000 ° N 180.000 ° E  / 51.000 ; 180.000  ( Pacific Ocean ) </Td> <Td> Pacific Ocean </Td> <Td> Passing just east of Nukulaelae atoll , Tuvalu ( at 9 ° 25 ′ S 179 ° 52 ′ E  /  9.417 ° S 179.867 ° E  / - 9.417 ; 179.867  ( Nukulaelae atoll ) ) Passing just west of the island of Cikobia , Fiji ( at 15 ° 43 ′ S 179 ° 59 ′ W  /  15.717 ° S 179.983 ° W  / - 15.717 ; - 179.983  ( Cikobia ) ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 ° 9 ′ S 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  16.150 ° S 180.000 ° E  / - 16.150 ; 180.000  ( Fiji ) </Td> <Td> Fiji </Td> <Td> Islands of Vanua Levu , Rabi , and Taveuni </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 ° 59 ′ S 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  16.983 ° S 180.000 ° E  / - 16.983 ; 180.000  ( Pacific Ocean ) </Td> <Td> Pacific Ocean </Td> <Td> Passing just east of the island of Moala , Fiji ( at 18 ° 33 ′ S 179 ° 57 ′ E  /  18.550 ° S 179.950 ° E  / - 18.550 ; 179.950  ( Moala ) ) Passing just west of the island of Totoya , Fiji ( at 19 ° 0 ′ S 179 ° 52 ′ W  /  19.000 ° S 179.867 ° W  / - 19.000 ; - 179.867  ( Totoya ) ) Passing just east of the island of Matuku , Fiji ( at 19 ° 10 ′ S 179 ° 47 ′ E  /  19.167 ° S 179.783 ° E  / - 19.167 ; 179.783  ( Matuku ) ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 ° 0 ′ S 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  60.000 ° S 180.000 ° E  / - 60.000 ; 180.000  ( Southern Ocean ) </Td> <Td> Southern Ocean </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 78 ° 13 ′ S 180 ° 0 ′ E  /  78.217 ° S 180.000 ° E  / - 78.217 ; 180.000  ( Antarctica ) </Td> <Td> Antarctica </Td> <Td> Ross Dependency , claimed by New Zealand </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Dd> </Dl> 180 ° Meridian , Taveuni , Fiji <P> The meridian also passes between ( but not particularly close to ) : </P> <Ul> <Li> the Gilbert Islands and the Phoenix Islands of Kiribati ; </Li> <Li> between North Island and the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand ; </Li> <Li> between the Bounty Islands and the Chatham Islands , also of New Zealand . </Li> </Ul> <P> The only place where roads cross this meridian , and where there are buildings very close to it , is in Fiji . </P> <H2> Software representation problems ( edit ) </H2> <P> Many geographic software libraries or data formats project the world to a rectangle ; very often this rectangle is split exactly at the 180th meridian . This often makes it non-trivial to do simple tasks ( like representing an area , or a line ) over the 180th meridian . Some examples : </P> <Ul> <Li> The GeoJSON specification strongly suggests splitting geometries so that neither of their parts cross the antimeridian . </Li> <Li> In OpenStreetMap , areas ( like the boundary of Russia ) are split at the 180th meridian . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 179th meridian east </Li> <Li> 179th meridian west </Li> <Li> Prime meridian </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The word antimeridian can also mean the meridian opposite to any given meridian . E.g. 20 ° west is the antimeridian of 160 ° east . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` RFC 7946 - The GeoJSON Format '' . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Circles of latitude / meridians </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle W 0 ° E 30 ° 60 ° 90 ° 120 ° 150 ° 180 ° 30 ° 60 ° 90 ° 120 ° 150 ° 180 ° 5 ° 15 ° 25 ° 35 ° 45 ° 55 ° 65 ° 75 ° 85 ° 95 ° 105 ° 115 ° 125 ° 135 ° 145 ° 155 ° 165 ° 175 ° 5 ° 15 ° 25 ° 35 ° 45 ° 55 ° 65 ° 75 ° 85 ° 95 ° 105 ° 115 ° 125 ° 135 ° 145 ° 155 ° 165 ° 175 ° 10 ° 20 ° 40 ° 50 ° 70 ° 80 ° 100 ° 110 ° 130 ° 140 ° 160 ° 170 ° 10 ° 20 ° 40 ° 50 ° 70 ° 80 ° 100 ° 110 ° 130 ° 140 ° 160 ° 170 ° 0 ° 10 ° 20 ° 30 ° 40 ° 50 ° 60 ° 70 ° 80 ° 90 ° 10 ° 20 ° 30 ° 40 ° 50 ° 60 ° 70 ° 80 ° 90 ° 5 ° N 15 ° 25 ° 35 ° 45 ° 55 ° 65 ° 75 ° 85 ° 5 ° S 15 ° 25 ° 35 ° 45 ° 55 ° 65 ° 75 ° 85 ° 45x90 45x90 45x90 45x90 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Time measurement and standards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Chronometry </Li> <Li> Orders of magnitude </Li> <Li> Metrology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> International standards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Coordinated Universal Time <Ul> <Li> offset </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> UT </Li> <Li> ΔT </Li> <Li> DUT1 </Li> <Li> International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service </Li> <Li> ISO 31 - 1 </Li> <Li> ISO 8601 </Li> <Li> International Atomic Time </Li> <Li> 6 - hour clock </Li> <Li> 12 - hour clock </Li> <Li> 24 - hour clock </Li> <Li> Barycentric Coordinate Time </Li> <Li> Barycentric Dynamical Time </Li> <Li> Civil time </Li> <Li> Daylight saving time </Li> <Li> Geocentric Coordinate Time </Li> <Li> International Date Line </Li> <Li> Leap second </Li> <Li> Solar time </Li> <Li> Terrestrial Time </Li> <Li> Time zone </Li> <Li> 180th meridian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Obsolete standards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ephemeris time </Li> <Li> Greenwich Mean Time </Li> <Li> Prime meridian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time in physics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Absolute time and space </Li> <Li> Spacetime </Li> <Li> Chronon </Li> <Li> Continuous signal </Li> <Li> Coordinate time </Li> <Li> Cosmological decade </Li> <Li> Discrete time and continuous time </Li> <Li> Planck time </Li> <Li> Proper time </Li> <Li> Theory of relativity </Li> <Li> Time dilation </Li> <Li> Gravitational time dilation </Li> <Li> Time domain </Li> <Li> Time translation symmetry </Li> <Li> T - symmetry </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Horology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Clock </Li> <Li> Astrarium </Li> <Li> Atomic clock </Li> <Li> Complication </Li> <Li> History of timekeeping devices </Li> <Li> Hourglass </Li> <Li> Marine chronometer </Li> <Li> Marine sandglass </Li> <Li> Radio clock </Li> <Li> Watch </Li> <Li> Water clock </Li> <Li> Sundial </Li> <Li> Dialing scales </Li> <Li> Equation of time </Li> <Li> History of sundials </Li> <Li> Sundial markup schema </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Calendar </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Astronomical </Li> <Li> Dominical letter </Li> <Li> Epact </Li> <Li> Equinox </Li> <Li> Gregorian </Li> <Li> Hebrew </Li> <Li> Hindu </Li> <Li> Intercalation </Li> <Li> Islamic </Li> <Li> Julian </Li> <Li> Leap year </Li> <Li> Lunar </Li> <Li> Lunisolar </Li> <Li> Solar </Li> <Li> Solstice </Li> <Li> Tropical year </Li> <Li> Weekday determination </Li> <Li> Weekday names </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Archaeology and geology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chronological dating </Li> <Li> Geologic time scale </Li> <Li> International Commission on Stratigraphy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Astronomical chronology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Galactic year </Li> <Li> Nuclear timescale </Li> <Li> Precession </Li> <Li> Sidereal time </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other units of time </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Shake </Li> <Li> Jiffy </Li> <Li> Second </Li> <Li> Minute </Li> <Li> Moment </Li> <Li> Hour </Li> <Li> Day </Li> <Li> Week </Li> <Li> Fortnight </Li> <Li> Month </Li> <Li> Year </Li> <Li> Olympiad </Li> <Li> Lustrum </Li> <Li> Decade </Li> <Li> Century </Li> <Li> Saeculum </Li> <Li> Millennium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chronology </Li> <Li> Duration <Ul> <Li> music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mental chronometry </Li> <Li> Metric time </Li> <Li> System time </Li> <Li> Time value of

The 180 degree line of longitude is called the

What is the 180 degree line of longitude called?

-2808093071562767910

Dirk Benedict - wikipedia <H1> Dirk Benedict </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dirk Benedict </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Dirk Benedict at the 2011 Lucca Comics and Games </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Dirk Niewoehner ( 1945 - 03 - 01 ) March 1 , 1945 ( age 72 ) Helena , Montana , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Film and television actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1972 - present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Toni Hudson ( 1986 -- 1995 ; divorced ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.dirkbenedictcentral.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Signature </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Dirk Benedict ( born Dirk Niewoehner on March 1 , 1945 ) is an American movie , television and stage actor and author . He is best known for playing the characters Lieutenant Templeton `` Faceman '' Peck in The A-Team television series and Lieutenant Starbuck in the original Battlestar Galactica film and television series . He is the author of Confessions of a Kamikaze Cowboy and And Then We Went Fishing . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1980s and 1990s </Li> <Li> 2.2 2000s and 2010s </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Benedict was born Dirk Niewoehner in Helena , Montana , the son of Priscilla Mella ( née Metzger ) , an accountant , and George Edward Niewoehner , a lawyer . He grew up in White Sulphur Springs , Montana . He graduated from Whitman College in 1967 . Benedict allegedly chose his stage name from a serving of Eggs Benedict he had prior to his acting career . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> Photo of the cast of the short - lived television program Chopper One . From left : Dirk Benedict , Ted Hartley , Jim McMullan . <P> Benedict 's film debut was in the 1972 film Georgia , Georgia . When the New York run for Butterflies Are Free ended , he received an offer to repeat his performance in Hawaii , opposite Barbara Rush . While there , he appeared as a guest lead on Hawaii Five - O . The producers of a horror film called Sssssss ( 1973 ) saw Benedict 's performance in Hawaii Five - O and promptly cast him as the lead in that movie . He next played the psychotic wife - beating husband of Twiggy in her American film debut , W ( 1974 ) . Benedict starred in the television series Chopper One , which aired for one season in 1974 . He also made an appearance in Charlie 's Angels . </P> <P> Benedict 's career break came in 1978 when he appeared as Lieutenant Starbuck in the movie and television series Battlestar Galactica . The same year Benedict starred in the TV movie Cruise Into Terror , and appeared in the ensemble movie Scavenger Hunt the following year . </P> <H3> 1980s and 1990s ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1981 , Benedict starred alongside Linda Blair in an action - comedy movie called Ruckus . In 1983 , Dirk gained further popularity as con - man Lieutenant Templeton `` Face '' Peck in 1980s action television series The A-Team . He played `` Faceman '' from 1982 ( 1982 ) to 1986 ( 1986 ) , although the series did n't air until January 1983 , and the final episode was n't shown until 1987 rebroadcasts . The second season episode `` Steel '' includes a scene at Universal Studios where Face is seen looking bemused as a Cylon walks by him as an in - joke to his previous role in Battlestar Galactica . The clip is incorporated into the series ' opening credit sequence from season 3 onward . </P> <P> In 1986 , Benedict starred as low - life band manager Harry Smilac in the movie Body Slam along with Lou Albano , Roddy Piper , and cameo appearances by Freddie Blassie , Ric Flair , and Bruno Sammartino . His character Smilac ends up managing the pro-wrestler `` Quick Rick '' Roberts ( Piper ) and faces opposition by Captain Lou and his wrestling tag - team `` the Cannibals '' . </P> <P> In 1987 , Benedict took the title role of Shakespeare 's Hamlet at the Abbey Theatre . Both his performance and the entire production were drubbed by critics . Benedict starred in the 1989 TV movie Trenchcoat in Paradise . </P> <P> In 1991 , Benedict starred in Blue Tornado , playing Alex , call sign Fireball , an Italian Air Force fighter pilot . Benedict published an autobiography , Confessions of a Kamikaze Cowboy : A True Story of Discovery , Acting , Health , Illness , Recovery , and Life ( Avery Publishing ISBN 0895294796 ) . In 1993 , Benedict starred in Shadow Force . </P> <P> Benedict also appeared as Jake Barnes in the 1996 action - adventure film Alaska . </P> <H3> 2000s and 2010s ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2000 , Benedict wrote and directed his first screenplay , Cahoots . In 2005 , Benedict played an impostor , pretending to be an ' 80s movie star who wants to moderate a charity performance in Goldene Zeiten ( Golden Times ) by Peter Thorwarth . </P> <P> In 2006 , he wrote an online essay criticizing the then - airing Battlestar Galactica re-imagined series and , especially , its casting of a woman as his character , Starbuck , writing that `` the war against masculinity has been won '' and that `` a television show based on hope , spiritual faith , and family is unimagined and regurgitated as a show of despair , sexual violence and family dysfunction '' . </P> <P> He appeared as a contestant on the 2007 U.K. series of Celebrity Big Brother . He arrived on launch night in a replica of the A-Team van , smoking a cigar and accompanied by Post & Carpenter 's A-Team theme tune . </P> <P> In 2010 , Benedict starred in a stage production of Prescription : Murder playing Lieutenant Columbo for the Middle Ground Theatre Company in UK . Benedict also made a cameo appearance in the 2010 film adaptation of The A-Team as Pensacola Prisoner Milt . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the 1970s , Benedict survived a prostate tumor believed to have been cancerous . Having rejected conventional medical treatment , he credited his survival to the adoption of a macrobiotic diet recommended to him by actress Gloria Swanson . In 1986 , he married Toni Hudson , an actress with whom he has two sons , George and Roland . Hudson had previously appeared as Dana in the fourth season A-Team episode titled `` Blood , Sweat and Cheers '' . They divorced in 1995 . In 1998 , Benedict learned that he also has another son , John Talbert ( born 1968 ) , from an earlier relationship , who had been given up for adoption . With the help of his adoptive parents , Talbert discovered and contacted his birth parents . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Georgia , Georgia </Td> <Td> Michael Winters </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Sssssss </Td> <Td> David Blake </Td> <Td> Alternate title : Ssssnake </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> William Caulder </Td> <Td> Alternate titles : I Want Her Dead / W is the Mark of Death </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Battlestar Galactica </Td> <Td> Lieutenant Starbuck </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Scavenger Hunt </Td> <Td> Jeff Stevens </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Ruckus </Td> <Td> Kyle Hanson </Td> <Td> Alternate titles : Ruckus in Madoc County / Big Ruckus in a Small Town / The Loner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Underground Aces </Td> <Td> Pete Huffman </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Mark of the Devil </Td> <Td> Frank Rowlett </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Body Slam </Td> <Td> M. Harry Smilac </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Blue Tornado </Td> <Td> Alex Long </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Shadow Force </Td> <Td> Detective Rick Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Demon Keeper </Td> <Td> Alexander Harris </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Christina 's Dream </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Director ; Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> The Feminine Touch </Td> <Td> John Mackie </Td> <Td> Alternate title : The November Conspiracy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> Jake Barnes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Waking Up Horton </Td> <Td> Tyler </Td> <Td> Alternate title : The Adventures of Young Brave </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cahoots </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Director & Writer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Goldene Zeiten </Td> <Td> Douglas Burnett / Horst Müller </Td> <Td> Alternate title : Strike ! </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Recon 7 Down </Td> <Td> Tom Myers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Inglorious Bumblers </Td> <Td> Tom Mayers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The A-Team </Td> <Td> Pensacola Prisoner Milt </Td> <Td> Cameo </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Hawaii Five - O </Td> <Td> Walter Clyman </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Chain of Events '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chopper One </Td> <Td> Officer Gil Foley </Td> <Td> Main cast ( 13 episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Journey from Darkness </Td> <Td> Bill </Td> <Td> TV film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Charlie 's Angels </Td> <Td> Cadet John Barton </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Blue Angels '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> The Cabot Connection </Td> <Td> Brom Loomis </Td> <Td> TV pilot episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Cruise Into Terror </Td> <Td> Simon </Td> <Td> TV film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Charlie 's Angels </Td> <Td> Denny Railsback </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Jade Trap '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 - 79 </Td> <Td> Battlestar Galactica </Td> <Td> Lieutenant Starbuck </Td> <Td> Main cast ( 24 episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Galactica 1980 </Td> <Td> Lieutenant Starbuck </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Return of Starbuck '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> The Georgia Peaches </Td> <Td> Dusty Tyree </Td> <Td> TV film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> The Love Boat </Td> <Td> Jeff Dalton </Td> <Td> Episode : `` That 's My Dad '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Scruples </Td> <Td> Spider Elliott </Td> <Td> TV film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Family in Blue </Td> <Td> Matt Malone </Td> <Td> TV pilot episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1983 - 87 </Td> <Td> The A-Team </Td> <Td> Lt. Templeton ' Faceman ' Peck </Td> <Td> Main cast ( 96 episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Love Boat </Td> <Td> Gary Wells </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Whose Dog Is It Anyway '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense </Td> <Td> Frank Rowlett </Td> <Td> Episode : ``

The actor who played the role of Face in the popular TV series "The A-Team" was

Who played the face in the a team?

7119887147544272496

2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull - wikipedia <H1> 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Volcano plume on 18 April 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 20 March -- 23 June 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Strombolian and Vulcanian eruption phases </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Iceland 63 ° 37 ′ 59 '' N 19 ° 36 ′ 00 '' W  /  63.633 ° N 19.6 ° W  / 63.633 ; - 19.6 Coordinates : 63 ° 37 ′ 59 '' N 19 ° 36 ′ 00 '' W  /  63.633 ° N 19.6 ° W  / 63.633 ; - 19.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> VEI </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Impact </Th> <Td> large - scale disruption to air travel , smaller effects on farming in Iceland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Composite map of the volcanic ash cloud spanning 14 -- 25 April 2010 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were volcanic events at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland which , although relatively small for volcanic eruptions , caused enormous disruption to air travel across western and northern Europe over an initial period of six days in April 2010 . Additional localised disruption continued into May 2010 . The eruption was declared officially over in October 2010 , when snow on the glacier did not melt . From 14 -- 20 April , ash from the volcanic eruption covered large areas of Northern Europe . About 20 countries closed their airspace to commercial jet traffic and it affected approximately 10 million travellers . </P> <P> Seismic activity started at the end of 2009 and gradually increased in intensity until on 20 March 2010 , a small eruption started rated as a 1 on the volcanic explosivity index . </P> <P> Beginning on 14 April 2010 , the eruption entered a second phase and created an ash cloud that led to the closure of most of the European IFR airspace from 15 until 20 April 2010 . Consequently , a very high proportion of flights within , to , and from Europe were cancelled , creating the highest level of air travel disruption since the Second World War . The second phase resulted in an estimated 250 million cubic metres ( 330,000,000 cu yd ) ( 0.25 km ) of ejected tephra and an ash plume that rose to a height around 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) , which rates the explosive power of the eruption as a 4 on the volcanic explosivity index . By 21 May 2010 , the second eruption phase had subsided to the point that no further lava or ash was being produced . </P> <P> By the evening of 6 June 2010 , a small , new crater had opened up on the west side of the main crater . Explosive activity from this new crater was observed with emission of small quantities of ash . Seismic data showed that the frequency and intensity of earth tremors still exceeded the levels observed before the eruption , therefore scientists at the Icelandic Meteorological Office ( IMO ) and the Institute of Earth Sciences , University of Iceland ( IES ) continued to monitor the volcano . </P> <P> In October 2010 , Ármann Höskuldsson , a scientist at the University of Iceland Institute of Earth Sciences , stated that the eruption was officially over , although the area was still geothermally active and might erupt again . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Public observations </Li> <Li> 3 Scientific observations </Li> <Li> 4 Phase 1 : Effusive eruption <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Evacuations </Li> <Li> 4.2 Effects on the river </Li> <Li> 4.3 Fissure </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Phase 2 : Explosive eruption <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ash analysis </Li> <Li> 5.2 Impact on farming </Li> <Li> 5.3 Timeline of the second eruption phase </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Phase 3 : Return to dormancy </Li> <Li> 7 Volume of erupted material and magma discharge </Li> <Li> 8 Health effects </Li> <Li> 9 Effects of the ash plume on air travel </Li> <Li> 10 Short - and long - term weather and environmental effects </Li> <Li> 11 Comparison to other recent eruptions </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Photography </Li> <Li> 14.2 Audio </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Iceland Dust particles that get suspended in the atmosphere scatter light from the setting sun , generating ' volcanic lavenders ' like this one over the flight path of Leeds - Bradford Airport in England during the aviation shutdown <P> Eyjafjallajökull ( pronounced ( ˈɛɪjaˌfjatl̥aˌjœkʏtl̥ ) ( listen ) ) is one of Iceland 's smaller ice caps located in the far south of the island . Situated to the north of Skógar and to the west of the larger ice cap Mýrdalsjökull , Eyjafjallajökull covers the caldera of a volcano 1,666 m ( 5,466 ft ) high , which has erupted relatively frequently since the last ice age . The most recent major eruptions occurred in 920 , 1612 , and from 1821 to 1823 . Previous eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull have been followed by eruptions at its larger neighbour , Katla . On 20 April 2010 Icelandic President Ólafur Grímsson said , `` the time for Katla to erupt is coming close ... we ( Iceland ) have prepared ... it is high time for European governments and airline authorities all over the world to start planning for the eventual Katla eruption '' . </P> <P> The volcanic events starting in March 2010 were considered to be a single eruption divided into phases . The first eruption phase ejected olivine basaltic andesite lava several hundred metres into the air in what is known as an effusive eruption . Ash ejection from this phase of the eruption was small , rising to no more than 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) into the atmosphere . </P> <P> On 14 April 2010 , however , the eruption entered an explosive phase and ejected fine glass - rich ash to over 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) into the atmosphere . The second phase was estimated to be a VEI 4 eruption , which was large , but not nearly the most powerful eruption possible by volcanic standards . By way of comparison , the Mount St. Helens eruption of 1980 was rated as 5 on the VEI , and the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was rated as a 6 . This second phase erupted trachyandesite . </P> <P> This volcanic activity so disruptive to air travel because of a combination of factors : </P> <Ol> <Li> The volcano was directly under the jet stream . </Li> <Li> The direction of the jet stream was unusually stable at the time of the eruption 's second phase , continuously southeast . </Li> <Li> The second eruptive phase happened under 200 m ( 660 ft ) of glacial ice . The resulting meltwater flowed back into the erupting volcano , which created two specific phenomena : <Ol> <Li> The rapidly vaporising water significantly increased the eruption 's explosive power . </Li> <Li> The erupting lava cooled very fast , which created a cloud of highly abrasive , glass - rich ash . </Li> </Ol> </Li> <Li> The volcano 's explosive power was enough to inject ash directly into the jet stream . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Public observations ( edit ) </H2> People observing the first fissure at Fimmvörðuháls <P> `` Volcano tourism '' quickly sprang up in the wake of the eruption , with local tour companies offering day trips to see the volcano . The Civil Protection Department of the Icelandic Police produced regular reports about access to the area , including a map of the restricted area around Eyjafjallajokull , from which the public was forbidden . Teams from the Icelandic Association for Search and Rescue were stationed at the eruption site as part of standard safety measures and to assist in enforcing access restrictions . </P> <P> Vodafone and the Icelandic telecommunications company Míla installed webcams , giving views of the eruption from Valahnúkur , Hvolsvöllur , and Þórólfsfell . The view of the eruption from Þórólfsfel also includes a thermal imaging camera . </P> <H2> Scientific observations ( edit ) </H2> <P> This eruption was assigned the volcano number 1702 - 02 by the Global Volcanism Program . </P> <P> The London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre ( VAAC ) , part of the UK Met Office , was responsible for forecasting the presence of volcanic ash in the north - east Atlantic . All ash dispersion models for this geographic region were produced by the VAAC in London . </P> <P> A study by the Icelandic Meteorological Office published on December 2009 indicated an increase in seismic activity around the Eyjafjallajökull area during the years 2006 -- 2009 . The study reported increased activity that occurred between June and August 2009 ( 200 events ) , compared to a total of about 250 earthquakes recorded between September 2006 and August 2009 . It further indicated that the locations of most of the earthquakes in 2009 occurred between 8 to 12 km ( 5.0 to 7.5 mi ) depth east of the volcano 's top crater . At the end of December 2009 , seismic activity began around the Eyjafjallajökull volcano area , with thousands of small earthquakes ( mostly of magnitude 1 -- 2 M ) , 7 to 10 km ( 4.3 to 6.2 mi ) beneath the volcano . </P> <P> The radar stations of the Meteorological Institute of Iceland did not detect any appreciable amount of volcanic ashfall during the first 24 hours of the eruption . However , during the night of 22 March , they reported some volcanic ash fall reaching the Fljótshlíð area ( 20 to 25 km ( 12 to 16 mi ) north - west of the eruption 's location ) and Hvolsvöllur town ( 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north - west of the eruption location ) leaving vehicles with a fine , grey layer of volcanic ash . At around 07 : 00 on 22 March , an explosion launched eruption columns as far as 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) straight up into the air . This was the highest plume since the eruption started . On 23 March , a small vapour explosion took place , when hot magma came into contact with nearby snowdrifts , emitting a huge vapour plume which reached an altitude of 7 km ( 4.3 mi ) , and was detected on radar from the Meteorological Institute of Iceland . Since then , many vapour explosions have taken place . </P> <P> By 26 February 2010 , the global positioning system ( GPS ) equipment used by the Iceland Meteorological Office at Þorvaldseyri farm in the Eyjafjöll area ( around 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) south - east of the location of the recent eruption ) had shown 3 cm of displacement of the local crust in a southward direction , of which a 1 - cm displacement had taken place within four days . ( See the GPS Time Series page of the Nordic Volcanological Center 's website for detailed information on the degree of movement detected in the Earth 's crust in the Eyjafjallajökull locality . ) </P> <P> This unusual seismic activity , along with the rapid movement of the Earth 's crust in the area , gave geophysicists evidence that magma was flowing from underneath the crust into Eyjafjallajökull 's magma chamber and that pressure stemming from the process caused ( in geophysical terms ) the huge crustal displacement at Þorvaldseyri farm . The seismic activity continued to increase , and from 3 to 5 March , close to 3,000 earthquakes were measured having their epicentre at the volcano . Most of these were too small (

The last volcano to erupt in Iceland did so in

When did the last volcano erupt in iceland?

-7102729436138036180

. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> See also : Economic inequality and Relative deprivation <P> Relative poverty means low income relative to others in a country ; for example , below 60 % of the median income of people in that country . It is the `` most useful measure for ascertaining poverty rates in wealthy developed nations '' . Relative poverty measure is used by the United Nations Development Program ( UNDP ) , the United Nations Children 's Fund ( UNICEF ) , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) and Canadian poverty researchers . In the European Union , the `` relative poverty measure is the most prominent and most -- quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators . '' </P> <P> `` Relative poverty reflects better the cost of social inclusion and equality of opportunity in a specific time and space . '' </P> <P> `` Once economic development has progressed beyond a certain minimum level , the rub of the poverty problem -- from the point of view of both the poor individual and of the societies in which they live -- is not so much the effects of poverty in any absolute form but the effects of the contrast , daily perceived , between the lives of the poor and the lives of those around them . For practical purposes , the problem of poverty in the industrialized nations today is a problem of relative poverty ( page 9 ) . '' </P> <P> However , some have argued that as relative poverty is merely a measure of inequality , using the term ' poverty ' for it is misleading . For example , if everyone in a country 's income doubled , it would not reduce the amount of ' relative poverty ' at all . </P> <H3> History of the concept of relative poverty ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1776 , Adam Smith argued that poverty is the inability to afford `` not only the commodities which are indispensably necessary for the support of life , but whatever the custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people , even of the lowest order , to be without . '' </P> <P> In 1958 , John Kenneth Galbraith argued , `` People are poverty stricken when their income , even if adequate for survival , falls markedly behind that of their community . '' </P> <P> In 1964 , in a joint committee economic President 's report in the United States , Republicans endorsed the concept of relative poverty : `` No objective definition of poverty exists ... The definition varies from place to place and time to time . In America as our standard of living rises , so does our idea of what is substandard . '' </P> <P> In 1965 , Rose Friedman argued for the use of relative poverty claiming that the definition of poverty changes with general living standards . Those labelled as poor in 1995 , would have had `` a higher standard of living than many labelled not poor '' in 1965 . </P> <P> In 1979 , British sociologist , Peter Townsend published his famous definition : `` individuals ... can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet , participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary , or are at least widely encouraged or approved , in the societies to which they belong ( page 31 ) . '' </P> <P> Brian Nolan and Christopher T. Whelan of the Economic and Social Research Institute ( ESRI ) in Ireland explained that `` poverty has to be seen in terms of the standard of living of the society in question . '' </P> <P> Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates by the European Union , UNICEF and the OEDC . The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is based on `` economic distance '' , a level of income set at 60 % of the median household income . </P> <H3> Relative poverty compared with other standards ( edit ) </H3> <P> A measure of relative poverty defines `` poverty '' as being below some relative poverty threshold . For example , the statement that `` those individuals who are employed and whose household equivalised disposable income is below 60 % of national median equivalised income are poor '' uses a relative measure to define poverty . </P> <P> The term relative poverty can also be used in a different sense to mean `` moderate poverty '' -- for example , a standard of living or level of income that is high enough to satisfy basic needs ( like water , food , clothing , housing , and basic health care ) , but still significantly lower than that of the majority of the population under consideration . </P> <H2> National poverty Lines ( edit ) </H2> CIA World Factbook - based map showing the percentage of population by country living below that country 's official poverty line <P> National estimates are based on population - weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys . Definitions of the poverty line do vary considerably among nations . For example , rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations . Even among rich nations , the standards differ greatly . Thus , the numbers are not comparable among countries . Even when nations do use the same method , some issues may remain . </P> <P> In United States , the poverty thresholds are updated every year by Census Bureau . The threshold in United States are updated and used for statistical purposes . In 2015 , in the United States , the poverty threshold for a single person under 65 was an annual income of US $11,770 ; the threshold for a family group of four , including two children , was US $24,250 . According to the U.S. Census Bureau data released on 13 September 2011 , the nation 's poverty rate rose to 15.1 percent in 2010 . </P> <P> In the UK , `` more than five million people -- over a fifth ( 23 percent ) of all employees -- were paid less than £ 6.67 an hour in April 2006 . This value is based on a low pay rate of 60 percent of full - time median earnings , equivalent to a little over £ 12,000 a year for a 35 - hour working week . In April 2006 , a 35 - hour week would have earned someone £ 9,191 a year -- before tax or National Insurance '' . </P> <P> India 's official poverty level , on the other hand , is split according to rural versus urban thresholds . For urban dwellers , the poverty line is defined as living on less than 538.60 rupees ( approximately US $12 ) per month , whereas for rural dwellers , it is defined as living on less than 356.35 rupees per month ( approximately US $7.50 ) . </P> <H2> Criticisms ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section appears to contradict itself on How welfare benefits are treated , including specific benefits like SNAP . Please see the talk page for more information . ( October 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Using a poverty threshold is problematic because having an income slightly above or below is not substantially different ; the negative effects of poverty tend to be continuous rather than discrete , and the same low income affects different people in different ways . To overcome this problem , a poverty index or indices can be used instead ; see income inequality metrics . </P> <P> A poverty threshold relies on a quantitative , or purely numbers - based , measure of income . If other human development - indicators like health and education are used , they must be quantified , which is not a simple ( if even achievable ) task . </P> <P> Using a single monetary poverty threshold is problematic when applied worldwide , due to the difficulty of comparing prices between countries . Prices of the same goods vary dramatically from country to country ; while this is typically corrected for by using purchasing power parity ( PPP ) exchange rates , the basket of goods used to determine such rates is usually unrepresentative of the poor , most of whose expenditure is on basic foodstuffs rather than the relatively luxurious items ( washing machines , air travel , healthcare ) often included in PPP baskets . The economist Robert C. Allen has attempted to solve this by using standardized baskets of goods typical of those bought by the poor across countries and historical time , for example including a fixed calorific quantity of the cheapest local grain ( such as corn , rice , or oats ) . </P> <H3> Understating poverty ( edit ) </H3> <P> In addition to wage and salary income , investment income and government transfers such as SNAP ( Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program , also known as food stamps ) and housing subsidies are included in a household 's income . Studies measuring the differences between income before and after taxes and government transfers , have found that without social support programs , poverty would be roughly 30 % to 40 % higher than the official poverty line indicates . </P> <P> Further , the U.S. Census Bureau calculates the poverty line the same throughout the U.S. regardless of the cost - of - living in a state or urban area . For instance , the cost - of - living in California , the most populous state , was 42 % greater than the U.S. average in 2010 , while the cost - of - living in Texas , the second-most populous state , was 10 % less than the U.S. average . In 2017 , California had the highest poverty rate in the country when housing costs are factored in , a measure calculated by the Census Bureau known as `` the supplemental poverty measure '' . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Asset poverty </Li> <Li> Glass ceiling </Li> <Li> Income deficit </Li> <Li> List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty </Li> <Li> Living wage </Li> <Li> Minimum wage </Li> <Li> Measuring poverty </Li> <Li> Poor person </Li> <Li> UN Millennium Development Goals </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Ravallion , Martin Poverty freak : A Guide to Concepts and Methods . Living Standards Measurement Papers , The World Bank , 1992 , p. 25 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hagenaars , Aldi & de Vos , Klaas The Definition and Measurement of Poverty . Journal of Human Resources , 1988 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hagenaars , Aldi & van Praag , Bernard A Synthesis of Poverty Line Definitions . Review of Income and Wealth , 1985 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ravallion , Martin ; Chen Shaohua & Sangraula , Prem Dollar a day The World Bank Economic Review , 23 , 2 , 2009 , pp. 163 -- 84 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` World Bank Forecasts Global Poverty to Fall Below 10 % for First Time ; Major Hurdles Remain in Goal to End Poverty by 2030 '' . www.worldbank.org . Retrieved 6 October 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hildegard Lingnau ( 19 February 2016 ) . `` Major breakthrough '' . D + C , development&cooperation . Retrieved 27 April 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sachs , Jeffrey D . The End of Poverty 2005 , p. 20 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hickel , Jason ( 1 November 2015 ) . `` Could you live on $1.90 a day ? That 's the international poverty line

You are considered under the poverty line when your annual income is below

When are you considered under the poverty line?

-8391680223788694572

If I Were a Boy - wikipedia <H1> If I Were a Boy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the novel by Haki Stërmilli , see If I Were a Boy ( novel ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` If I Were a Boy '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Beyoncé </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album I Am ... Sasha Fierce </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 8 , 2008 ( 2008 - 10 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2008 ; Roc the Mic Studios , Strawberrybee Productions , GAD Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> BC Jean </Li> <Li> Toby Gad </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toby Gad </Li> <Li> Beyoncé Knowles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Beyoncé singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Love in This Club Part II '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` If I Were a Boy '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' ( 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Love in This Club Part II '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` If I Were a Boy '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' ( 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` If I Were a Boy '' is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her third studio album I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . It was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad , who also handled its production alongside Beyoncé . Inspired by the difficult break - up of a romantic relationship , the song was initially recorded by Jean , whose record company rejected it . Beyoncé then recorded her own version . Jean was upset when she learned that Beyoncé was releasing it as a single , but eventually they reached an agreement . Columbia Records released `` If I Were a Boy '' to US radio on October 8 , 2008 , as the album 's lead single alongside `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' . The two songs showcased the contrast between Beyoncé 's personality and her aggressive onstage persona , Sasha Fierce . A Spanish version of the song , titled `` Si Yo Fuera un Chico '' , was digitally released in Mexico and Spain . </P> <P> `` If I Were a Boy '' is a pop and R&B introspective ballad which draws influences from folk rock through its instrumentation of which includes acoustic guitars , drums and strings . The song 's lyrics lament the misunderstandings between the genders and indict the male side of relationships . `` If I Were a Boy '' was well received by critics , who complimented Beyoncé 's tormented and emotive vocal performance and called the song her best work to date . The single was a commercial success as it placed in the top ten on twenty - five different singles charts . It topped the charts in more than eight European countries , including the United Kingdom , where it is Beyoncé 's best - selling single . `` If I Were a Boy '' peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and earned multi-platinum certifications in Australia , Canada , and the US . </P> <P> The accompanying music video for `` If I Were a Boy '' was directed by Jake Nava and shot in black - and - white . With a theme of role reversal , it is conceptually similar to the American comedy film Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) . A video for the Spanish version of the ballad was edited from the original clip . Beyoncé promoted `` If I Were a Boy '' through live performances at venues including The Oprah Winfrey Show , the 52nd Grammy Awards , and the I Am ... World Tour ( 2009 -- 10 ) . The song has been covered several times on televised music competitions . American singer Reba McEntire sang a country version of the ballad on Country Music Television ( CMT ) , and a studio version was released as the second single from her 2010 album , All the Women I Am . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and production <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Jean 's response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Composition and lyrical interpretation </Li> <Li> 3 Release </Li> <Li> 4 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 6 Music video <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Background and concept </Li> <Li> 6.2 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 6.3 Reception and accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Live performances <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Fake tape </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Formats and track listings </Li> <Li> 9 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 10 Charts <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 10.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 10.3 Decade - end charts </Li> <Li> 10.4 All - time charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Certifications </Li> <Li> 12 Release history <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Radio adds </Li> <Li> 12.2 Purchasable release </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 13.1 The X Factor performances </Li> <Li> 13.2 Reba McEntire version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 See also </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and production ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` If I Were a Boy '' was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad . It is the opening ballad of the I Am ... disc of the double album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . It is the only song on either disc that Beyoncé did not co-write . Most of the lyrics were written by Jean , who was inspired by the break - up of a romantic relationship . One day Jean and Gad visited a pizzeria in Times Square in New York City . Although tempted , Jean refrained from eating pizza because she was dieting . She then thought that if she were a boy , she would have eaten without regret . After reflecting on the idea , she concluded that she would have been a better man than her past lover . Gad captured Jean 's ideas on a pocket recorder , and they went to the studio the same day . Once there , she wrote the lyrics and melody in about 15 minutes . She then recorded the song in less than half an hour , with Gad on the guitar . </P> <P> After completing her version of `` If I Were a Boy '' , Jean presented it to her record company , which rejected the song . Gad and Jean had co-written 12 songs , including `` If I Were a Boy '' , for the singer 's debut album . As the deal with Jean 's record company fell apart , Gad marketed the songs to established artists . Beyoncé liked `` If I Were a Boy '' and recorded her own version of it for her album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . Gad and Beyoncé produced the track in 2008 at Roc the Mic Studios and Strawberry Productions in New York City and at GAD Studios in Ibiza . Gad did the musical arrangements , assisted in recording the music , and played the instruments alongside his brother Jens Gad and Reggie Syience Perry . Jim Caruana recorded Beyoncé 's vocals at Roc the Mic Studios . Mark `` Spike '' Stent mixed the track with assistance from Matt Green at The Record Plant in Los Angeles . `` If I Were a Boy '' was placed on the I Am ... disc of I Am ... Sasha Fierce , as it is a ballad that shows Beyoncé 's insecurities about love and the person she is `` underneath all the makeup , underneath the lights and underneath all the exciting star drama '' . </P> <P> In an interview with Essence magazine , Beyoncé explained that `` If I Were a Boy '' is `` broad '' and different from her previous releases because it is not a traditional R&B song . She added , `` I had to try it , because I remember Aretha Franklin said a great singer can sing anything and make it her own . '' Beyoncé was also motivated by her audience 's strong expectations from her as a singer . While preparing her third solo album , Beyoncé wanted to experiment with stronger lyrics and record ballads like `` If I Were a Boy '' because , `` the music and the emotion in the story is told ( sic ) so much better . It 's a better connection because you can hear it and it 's not all these other distractions . I really wanted people to hear my voice and hear what I had to say . '' </P> <H3> Jean 's response ( edit ) </H3> <P> After Jean 's version of `` If I Were a Boy '' was rejected by her record company , she was upset that Beyoncé recorded and released the ballad . Roger Friedman of Fox News wrote that Jean was first informed that Beyoncé recorded the song by a stranger . The Daily Telegraph reported that Beyoncé 's father and then - manager Mathew Knowles pursued the publishing rights of `` If I Were a Boy '' after realizing that it had the potential to become a big hit . Jean used her Myspace account to express her frustration : `` I have been reading some of these comments and to set the record straight from the horse 's mouth -- IF I WERE A BOY is my song ; YES , I wrote this song ; It is my story ; a painful one , and the song is very dear to me . You can hear the original version on my myspace site . '' Friedman later reported that Beyoncé and Jean had come to terms . The deal included a promise that Beyoncé would record a duet with Jean for her debut album . </P> <P> In an interview with Eric R. Danton of the Hartford Courant , Jean was asked about her reaction when she heard that Beyoncé was recording `` If I Were a Boy '' . She was initially surprised when people regarded her as a songwriter because she envisioned herself as `` do ( ing ) the whole artist thing as well '' . Jean added , `` It 's an amazing compliment , but I was like , ' That 's great , but it 's going to be on my album ! ' And it can be on my album , too , I just did n't realize how it worked ... At first when I got this , people did n't know that I was an artist , so it was , like , ' Oh , this songwriter BC . ' '' `` If I Were a Boy '' was the first song she ever recorded , and she initially did not intend to hand it to another singer . Jean said that the fact that Beyoncé recorded the ballad provided many opportunities , and she was approached by many people who wanted to purchase her lyrics . She refused their offers , desiring to use her songs for her own album . However , Jean still intends to write for other artists . </P> <H2> Composition and lyrical interpretation ( edit )

The song "If I Were a Boy" was written by

Who wrote if i were a boy reba or beyonce?

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, 1 month , 1 week and 6 days ) </Li> <Li> Treaty of Trianon Signed 4 June 1920 ( 5 years , 10 months and 1 week ) </Li> <Li> Treaty of Sèvres Signed 10 August 1920 ( 6 years , 1 week and 6 days ) </Li> <Li> United States -- Austria Peace Treaty Signed 24 August 1921 ( 3 years , 8 months , 2 weeks and 3 days ) </Li> <Li> United States -- Germany Peace Treaty Signed 25 August 1921 ( 4 years , 4 months , 2 weeks and 5 days ) </Li> <Li> United States -- Hungary Peace Treaty Signed 29 August 1921 ( 3 years , 8 months , 3 weeks and 1 day ) </Li> <Li> Treaty of Lausanne Signed 24 July 1923 ( 8 years , 8 months , 3 weeks and 4 days ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Europe , Africa , the Middle East , the Pacific Islands , China , Indian Ocean , and off the coast of South and North America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> Allied victory </P> <Ul> <Li> Central Powers ' victory on the Eastern Front nullified by defeat on the Western Front </Li> <Li> Fall of the German , Russian , Ottoman , and Austro - Hungarian empires </Li> <Li> Russian Civil War and foundation of Soviet Union </Li> <Li> Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East </Li> <Li> Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers </Li> <Li> Establishment of the League of Nations . ( more ... ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allied Powers <Ul> <Li> France </Li> <Li> British Empire </Li> <Li> Russia ( until 1917 ) </Li> <Li> Serbia </Li> <Li> Belgium </Li> <Li> Montenegro </Li> <Li> Japan </Li> <Li> Italy ( 1915 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> United States ( 1917 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> Romania ( 1916 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> Portugal ( 1916 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> Hejaz ( 1916 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> Greece ( 1917 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> Siam ( 1917 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> ... and others </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Central Powers <Ul> <Li> German Empire </Li> <Li> Austria - Hungary </Li> <Li> Ottoman Empire </Li> <Li> Bulgaria ( 1915 -- 18 ) </Li> <Li> ... and co-belligerents </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allied leaders <Ul> <Li> Raymond Poincaré </Li> <Li> Georges Clemenceau </Li> <Li> H.H. Asquith </Li> <Li> David Lloyd George </Li> <Li> Nicholas II </Li> <Li> Victor Emmanuel III </Li> <Li> Vittorio Orlando </Li> <Li> Woodrow Wilson </Li> <Li> Yoshihito </Li> <Li> Peter I </Li> <Li> Ferdinand I </Li> <Li> ... and others </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Central Powers leaders <Ul> <Li> Wilhelm II </Li> <Li> Franz Joseph I † </Li> <Li> Karl I </Li> <Li> Mehmed V † </Li> <Li> Three Pashas </Li> <Li> Ferdinand I </Li> <Li> ... and others </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 12,000,000 </Li> <Li> 8,841,541 </Li> <Li> 8,660,000 </Li> <Li> 5,615,140 </Li> <Li> 4,743,826 </Li> <Li> 1,234,000 </Li> <Li> 800,000 </Li> <Li> 707,343 </Li> <Li> 380,000 </Li> <Li> 250,000 </Li> <Li> 50,000 </Li> </Ul> Total : 42,959,850 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 13,250,000 </Li> <Li> 7,800,000 </Li> <Li> 2,998,321 </Li> <Li> 1,200,000 </Li> </Ul> Total : 25,248,321 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military dead : 5,525,000 </Li> <Li> Military wounded : 12,831,500 </Li> <Li> Total : 18,356,500 KIA , WIA and MIA </Li> <Li> Civilian dead : 4,000,000 </Li> </Ul> ... further details . </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military dead : 4,386,000 </Li> <Li> Military wounded : 8,388,000 </Li> <Li> Total : 12,774,000 KIA , WIA and MIA </Li> <Li> Civilian dead : 3,700,000 </Li> </Ul> ... further details . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Theatres of World War I </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Dl> <Dt> European </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Western Front </Li> <Li> Eastern Front </Li> <Li> Italian Front </Li> <Li> Balkans </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Middle Eastern </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Caucasus </Li> <Li> Persia </Li> <Li> Gallipoli </Li> <Li> Mesopotamia </Li> <Li> Sinai and Palestine </Li> <Li> Arab Revolt </Li> <Li> South Arabia </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> African </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> South - West Africa </Li> <Li> Togoland </Li> <Li> Cameroon </Li> <Li> East Africa </Li> <Li> North Africa </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Asian and Pacific theatre </Dt> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Naval theaters </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> U-boat </Li> <Li> Atlantic Ocean </Li> <Li> Mediterranean </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Events leading to World War I </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Triple Alliance </Td> <Td> 1882 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Franco - Russian Alliance </Td> <Td> 1894 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anglo - German naval arms race </Td> <Td> 1898 -- 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Venezuela Naval Blockade </Td> <Td> 1902 -- 1903 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Entente Cordiale </Td> <Td> 1904 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russo - Japanese War </Td> <Td> 1904 -- 1905 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Moroccan Crisis </Td> <Td> 1905 -- 1906 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anglo - Russian Entente </Td> <Td> 1907 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bosnian crisis </Td> <Td> 1908 -- 1909 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Agadir Crisis </Td> <Td> 1911 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italo - Turkish War </Td> <Td> 1911 -- 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Balkan Wars </Td> <Td> 1912 -- 1913 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Assassination of Franz Ferdinand </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> July Crisis </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> World War I ( WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War , the Great War , or the War to End All Wars , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ) , a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved . Unresolved rivalries still extant at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War only twenty - one years later . </P> <P> The war drew in all the world 's economic great powers , assembled in two opposing alliances : the Allies ( based on the Triple Entente of the Russian Empire , the French Third Republic , and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ) versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria - Hungary . Although Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria - Hungary , it did not join the Central Powers , as Austria - Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance . These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war : Italy , Japan and the United States joined the Allies , while the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers . </P> <P> The trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir to the throne of Austria - Hungary , by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 . This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria - Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , and entangled international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked . Within weeks the major powers were at war , and the conflict soon spread around the world . </P> <P> Russia was the first to order a partial mobilization of its armies on 24 -- 25 July , and when on 28 July Austria - Hungary declared war on Serbia , Russia declared general mobilization on 30 July . Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise , and when this was refused , declared war on Russia on 1 August . Being outnumbered on the Eastern Front , Russia urged its Triple Entente ally France to open up a second front in the west . Over forty years earlier in 1870 , the Franco - Prussian War had ended the Second French Empire and France had ceded the provinces of Alsace - Lorraine to a unified Germany . Bitterness over that defeat and the determination to retake Alsace - Lorraine made the acceptance of Russia 's plea for help an easy choice , so France began full mobilisation on 1 August and , on 3 August , Germany declared war on France . The border between France and Germany was heavily fortified on both sides so , according to the Schlieffen Plan , Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France from the north , leading the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 4 August due to their violation of Belgian neutrality . After the German march on Paris was halted in the Battle of the Marne , what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition , with a trench line that changed little until 1917 . On the Eastern Front , the Russian army led a successful campaign against the Austro - Hungarians , but the Germans stopped its invasion of East Prussia in the battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes . In November 1914 , the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers , opening fronts in the Caucasus , Mesopotamia and the Sinai . In 1915 , Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers ; Romania joined the Allies in 1916 , as did the United States in 1917 . </P> <P> The Russian government collapsed in March 1917 , and a revolution in November followed by a further military defeat brought the Russians to terms with the Central Powers via the Treaty of Brest - Litovsk , which granted the Germans a significant victory . After a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918 , the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives . On 4 November 1918 , the Austro - Hungarian empire agreed to an armistice , and Germany , which had its own trouble with revolutionaries , agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918 , ending the war in victory for the Allies . </P> <P> By the end of the war or soon after , the German Empire , Russian Empire , Austro - Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist . National borders were redrawn , with 9 independent nations restored or created , and Germany 's colonies were parceled out among the victors . During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 , the Big Four ( Britain , France , the United States and Italy ) imposed their terms in a series of treaties . The League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict . This effort failed , and economic depression , renewed nationalism , weakened successor states , and feelings of humiliation ( particularly in Germany ) eventually contributed to the start of World War II . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Names </Li> <Li> 2 Background <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Political and military alliances </Li> <Li> 2.2 Arms race </Li> <Li> 2.3 Conflicts in the Balkans </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Prelude <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Sarajevo assassination </Li> <Li> 3.2 Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina </Li> <Li> 3.3 July Crisis </Li>

World War One began on 28 July 1914 and ended on

When did world war one begin and end?

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Chess clock - wikipedia <H1> Chess clock </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the instrument or person who keeps track of the time during a sporting event , see Timekeeper . <P> A chess clock consists of two adjacent clocks with buttons to stop one clock while starting the other , so that the two clocks never run simultaneously . Chess clocks are used in chess and other two - player games where the players move in turn . The purpose is to keep track of the total time each player takes for his or her own moves , and ensure that neither player overly delays the game . </P> <P> Chess clocks were first used extensively in tournament chess , and are often called game clocks . The first time that game clocks were used in a chess tournament was in the London 1883 tournament . Their use has since spread to tournament Scrabble , shogi , go , and nearly every competitive two - player board game , as well as other types of games . In a tournament , the arbiter typically places all clocks in the same orientation , so that they can easily assess games that need attention at later stages . </P> <P> The simplest time control is `` sudden death '' , in which players must make a predetermined number of moves in a certain amount of time or forfeit the game immediately . A particularly popular variant in informal play is blitz chess , in which each player is given a short time ( e.g. five minutes ) on the clock in which to play the entire game . </P> <P> The players may take more or less time over any individual move . The opening moves in chess are often played quickly due to their familiarity , which leaves the players more time to consider more complex and unfamiliar positions later . It is not unusual in slow chess games for a player to leave the table , but the clock of the absent player continues to run if it is their turn , or starts to run if their opponent makes a move . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Analog game clocks </Li> <Li> 2 Early development of digital game clocks </Li> <Li> 3 Fischer clock and related designs </Li> <Li> 4 Timing methods </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Analog game clocks ( edit ) </H2> A typical analog chess clock <P> Analog clocks are equipped with a `` flag '' that falls to indicate the exact moment the player 's time has expired . Analog clocks use mechanical buttons . Pressing the button on one player 's side physically stops the movement of that player 's clock and releases the hold on the opponent 's . </P> <P> The drawbacks of the mechanical clocks include accuracy and matching of the two clocks , and matching of the indicators ( flags ) of time expiration . Additional time can not easily be added for more complex time controls , especially those that call for an increment or delay on every move , such as some forms of byoyomi . However , a malfunctioning analog clock is a less serious event than a malfunctioning digital clock . </P> <H2> Early development of digital game clocks ( edit ) </H2> Modern day chess clocks . <P> In 1973 , to address the issues with analog clocks , Bruce Cheney , a Cornell University Electrical Engineering student and chess player , created the first digital chess clock as a project for an undergraduate EE course . Typical of most inventions , it was crude compared to the products on the market many years later and was limited by the technology that existed at the time . For example , the display was done with red LEDs . LEDs require significant power , and as a result , the clock had to be plugged into a wall outlet . The high cost of LEDs at the time meant that only one set of digits could be displayed , that of the player whose turn it was to move . This meant that each player 's time had to be multiplexed to the display when their time was running . In 1973 , LSI chips were not readily or cheaply available , so all the multiplexing and logic were done using chips that consisted of four two - input TTL NAND gates , which resulted in excessive power consumption . Being plugged into the wall is obviously a major drawback , but had one advantage : the timebase for the clock was driven off of a rectified version of 60 cycle AC current . Each player had a separate counter , and , in a parallel to the original mechanical architecture , one player 's counter was disabled while the other 's was running . The clock only had one mode : time ran forward . It could be reset , but not set . It did not count the number of moves . But it successfully addressed the original goals of the project ( accurate and matched timing ) . </P> <P> The first commercially available digital chess clock was patented in 1975 by Joseph Meshi and Jeffrey R. Ponsor and sold as the Micromate - 80 . Three years later a much - improved Micromate - 180 was produced alongside Meshi 's MBA Thesis , `` Demand Analysis for a New Product ( The Digital Chess Clock ) '' , at San Diego State University , while Meshi and Ponsor continued to develop digital gaming . </P> <H2> Fischer clock and related designs ( edit ) </H2> Digital chess clock connected to a board that automatically senses when moves have been made <P> Digital clocks and Internet gaming have spurred a wave of experimentation with more varied and complex time controls than the traditional standards . Time control is commonly used in modern chess in many different methodologies . One particularly notable development , which has gained quite wide acceptance in chess , was proposed by former world champion Bobby Fischer , who in 1988 filed for U.S. Patent 4,884,255 ( awarded in 1989 ) for a new type of digital chess clock . Fischer 's digital clock gave each player a fixed period of time at the start of the game and then added a small amount after each move . Joseph Meshi called this `` Accumulation '' as it was a main feature of his patented Micromate - 180 ( US Patent 4,247,925 1978 ) . This became the linchpin of Fischer 's clock patented 10 years later . In this way , the players would never be desperately short of time . </P> <P> The increment time control was first used in the privately organised 1992 Fischer -- Spassky match , and quickly became popular in the wider chess world , and was used in the FIDE World Chess Championship 1998 . As of 2017 most top level tournaments use Fischer 's system as well as an increasing number of lower level tournaments . Other aspects of Fischer 's patent , such as a synthesized voice announcing how much time the players have , thus eliminating the need for them to keep looking at the clock , have not been adopted . </P> <P> On March 10 , 1994 , a patent application was filed by inventors Frank A. Camaratta Jr. of Huntsville , Alabama , and William Goichberg of Salisbury Mills , New York , for a game timer especially suitable for playing the game of chess , which employed a `` delay '' feature . The game timer provides , among other features , a user - definable delay between the time the activation button is pressed and the time that the activated clock actually begins to count down . United States Patent 5,420,830 was issued on May 10 , 1995 , and subsequently assigned to the United States Chess Federation by the inventors . As with the Fischer clock , the benefit of the delay clock is to reduce the likelihood that a player with positional and / or material superiority will lose a match solely because of the expiration of time on that player 's time clock . Delay is still popular in the U.S , although increment is becoming more popular in the US . </P> <H2> Timing methods ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Time control <P> There are three main types of chess timing methods , two of which are mathematically equivalent : ( 1 ) Increment ( invented by Bobby Fischer ) , ( 2 ) Bronstein delay ( invented by David Bronstein ) , and ( 3 ) Simple delay . </P> <Ul> <Li> Increment ( also known as Fischer and bonus ) -- a specified amount of time is added for each move . For example , if the increment is thirty seconds , each player gets an additional thirty seconds for each move . Under FIDE and US Chess rules you get the increment for move one as well . For example , for G / 3 ; inc2 ( three minutes of base time with a two second increment each move ) , you start with three minutes and two seconds on the first move . Not all digital chess clocks automatically give the increment for move one and thus for those that do n't , the increment time has to be added manually to be base time so each player gets the increment for move one . </Li> <Li> Bronstein delay -- this timing method adds time but unlike increment not always the maximum amount of time is added . If a player expends more than the specified delay , then the entire delay is added to the player 's clock but if a player moves faster than the delay , only the exact amount of time expended by the player is added . For example , if the delay is ten seconds and a player uses ten or more seconds for a move , ten seconds is added after they complete their move . If the player uses five seconds for a move , five seconds is added after they complete their move . This ensures that the base time left on the clock can never increase even if a player makes fast moves . As with increment , you get the delay time for move one under FIDE and US Chess rules . </Li> <Li> Simple delay ( also known as countdown delay and US delay ) -- with this timing method , the clock waits for the delay period each move before starting to subtract the player 's base time . For example , if the delay is ten seconds , the clock waits for ten seconds each move before the base time starts going down . This timing method is mathematically equivalent to Bronstein delay . Simple delay is the form of delay most often used in the US while Bronstein delay is the form of delay most often used in most other countries . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Chess equipment </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Vidmar , Milan ( 1960 ) . Goldene Schachzeiten : Erinnerungen . W. de Gruyter . p. 10 . ISBN 3 - 11 - 002095 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` FAQ ( Starting Out ) - Learn About Chess '' . United States Chess Federation . 1999 - 11 - 30 . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Early Bird '' , Chess Life , April 1992 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ US patent 4062180 , Meshi , Joseph & Ponsor , Jeffrey R. , `` Electronic chess clock '' , issued 1977 - 12 - 13 ; filed July 1975 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ US patent

In chess, a clock is used

Why do you use a clock in chess?

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The Glory Days tour - wikipedia <H1> The Glory Days tour </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> The Glory Days Tour <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tour by Little Mix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated album </Th> <Td> Glory Days </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Start date </Th> <Td> 21 May 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> End date </Th> <Td> 26 November 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Legs </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 68 in Europe </Li> <Li> 7 in Oceania </Li> <Li> 75 in total </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 810,810 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> US $42 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Little Mix concert chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> The Get Weird Tour ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> The Glory Days Tour ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Summer Hits Tour 2018 ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Glory Days Tour was the fourth concert tour and the second world wide tour by British girl group Little Mix , in support of their fourth studio album , Glory Days . The tour began on 21 May 2017 in Birkenhead , England , and after stops in Europe , Oceania and the United Kingdom , it ended on 26 November 2017 in London , England . </P> <P> The Vamps , Conor Maynard , Bronnie , Ella Eyre , Sheppard and Louisa Johnson were the opening acts on selected European dates , and Zoe Badwi , Jade Thirlwall 's cousin , was supporting the gigs in Australia . </P> <P> Lina Makhul was the supporting act for the entirety of the UK & Ireland leg of The Glory Days Tour . </P> <P> As the winner of the third prize fight on The X Factor , Lloyd Macey supported at the Manchester Arena show on 21 November 2017 . </P> <P> Selected dates are part of the group 's Summer Shout Out Tour across outdoor venues in the UK . They are not part of the UK leg of The Glory Days Tour . </P> <P> The tour grossed $42,000,000 after selling 810,810 tickets and became the 5th highest grossing tour by a girl group in history . The Glory Days Tour is Little Mix 's 2nd entry on the top 10 list of highest grossing girl group tours of all time ; the first being their The Get Weird Tour ranked at number 8. . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Set list </Li> <Li> 3 Tour dates </Li> <Li> 4 References <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Citations </Li> <Li> 4.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 9 September 2016 Little Mix stated in an interview that they knew when their next tour would be , but fans would have to wait for further details . </P> <P> On 14 October 2016 Little Mix released the dates for the UK & Ireland leg of the tour , beginning on 27 October 2017 in Sheffield . Ticket pre-sales were made available to fans who pre-ordered their new album and began on 19 October 2016 with general sale beginning on 21 October 2016 . Due to instant sell outs , extra dates were added in Newcastle , Belfast , Glasgow , Nottingham , Birmingham and London . After overwhelming demand , the UK & Ireland leg was extended and now began on 9 October 2017 in Aberdeen . European tour dates were announced on 21 November 2016 for May and June 2017 , while dates in Oceania were added for July 2017 on 4 December 2016 . </P> <P> On 13 January 2017 Little Mix announced an extension of the ' Glory Days Tour ' , entitled the Summer Shout Out . The shows ran from May to September 2017 throughout the UK in outdoor venues and stadiums . </P> <P> The Vamps supported the European leg of the tour . Ella Eyre , Sheppard , Louisa Johnson all supported selected dates on the Summer Shout Out shows . Zoe Badwi , Jade Thirlwall 's cousin , was the opening act for the shows in Australia and New Zealand . Lina Makhul , Jessarae and Aleem alll supported selected dates on the UK & Ireland leg of the tour while Lloyd Macey supported at the Manchester Arena show on 21 November 2017 after winning a prize fight on The X Factor . </P> <H2> Set list ( edit ) </H2> <P> The tour 's set list varied throughout its concerts . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> May -- September 2017 ( show ) <Dl> <Dt> Act 1 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Power '' </Li> <Li> `` Black Magic '' </Li> <Li> `` Salute '' </Li> <Li> `` Down & Dirty '' </Li> <Li> `` F.U. '' </Li> <Li> `` Hair '' </Li> <Li> `` Your Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Secret Love Song , Pt. II </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Act 2 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` No More Sad Songs '' </Li> <Li> `` You Gotta Not '' </Li> <Li> `` Wings '' </Li> <Li> `` Songs Game ( Sing - a-long with the crowd ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Touch '' </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Encore </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Nobody Like You '' </Li> <Li> `` Shout Out to My Ex '' </Li> </Ol> </Td> <Td> October -- November 2017 ( show ) <Dl> <Dt> Act 1 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Power '' </Li> <Li> `` Black Magic '' </Li> <Li> `` Private Show '' </Li> <Li> `` Move '' </Li> <Li> `` F.U. '' </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Act 2 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` No More Sad Songs '' </Li> <Li> `` Your Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Secret Love Song , Pt. II '' </Li> <Li> `` Nothing Else Matters '' </Li> <Li> `` Wings '' </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Act 3 </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Salute '' </Li> <Li> `` Down & Dirty '' </Li> <Li> `` DNA '' / `` Freak '' </Li> <Li> `` Hair '' </Li> <Li> `` Songs Game ( Sing - a-long with the crowd ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Touch '' / `` Reggaetón Lento ( Remix ) '' </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Encore </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Shout Out to My Ex '' </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Tour dates ( edit ) </H2> <Table> List of concerts , showing date , city , country , venue , tickets sold , amount of available tickets and gross revenue <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Opening Acts </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Th> Revenue </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="7"> Europe -- Glory Days and Summer Shout Out Tour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Birkenhead </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Prenton Park </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 14,690 / 14,690 </Td> <Td> $745,287 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Berlin </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Mercedez Benz Arena </Td> <Td> The Vamps </Td> <Td> 3,964 / 6,194 </Td> <Td> $166,371 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Düsseldorf </Td> <Td> Mitsubishi Electric Halle </Td> <Td> 5,644 / 7,124 </Td> <Td> $258,174 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Vienna </Td> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Gasometer </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Hull </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Burton Constable Hall </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Zurich </Td> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Samsung Hall </Td> <Td> The Vamps </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Mediolanum Forum </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 May 2017 </Td> <Td> Munich </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Olympiahalle </Td> <Td> 3,596 / 4,764 </Td> <Td> $163,852 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Antwerp </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> Lotto Arena </Td> <Td> 7,321 / 7,348 </Td> <Td> $292,413 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Amsterdam </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> AFAS Live </Td> <Td> 3,511 / 3,511 </Td> <Td> $178,067 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Copenhagen </Td> <Td> Denmark </Td> <Td> Valby Hallen </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Stockholm </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Annexet </Td> <Td> 2,348 / 3,000 </Td> <Td> $99,673 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Paris </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Zénith de Paris </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 June 2017 </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Wembley Stadium </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Newmarket </Td> <Td> Newmarket Racecourse </Td> <Td> Ella Eyre Sheppard </Td> <Td> 18,732 / 19,610 </Td> <Td> $897,983 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Gloucester </Td> <Td> Kingsholm Stadium </Td> <Td> 19,810 / 20,050 </Td> <Td> $634,132 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> Twickenham Stoop </Td> <Td> 16,492 / 20,000 </Td> <Td> $680,907 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Dundee </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> Slessor Gardens </Td> <Td> 11,122 / 11,148 </Td> <Td> $570,050 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 June 2017 </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> <Td> Royal Highland Centre </Td> <Td> 15,000 / 15,000 </Td> <Td> $646,544 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Derby </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Donington Park </Td> <Td> 17,609 / 20,050 </Td> <Td> $671,608 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Scarborough </Td> <Td> Scarborough Open Air Theatre </Td> <Td> Sheppard </Td> <Td> 7,314 / 7,384 </Td> <Td> $332,487 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 July 2017 </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> Old Royal Naval College </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 7,245 / 7,245 </Td> <Td> $303,039 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Colwyn Bay </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> <Td> Eirias Stadium </Td> <Td> Ella Eyre Sheppard </Td> <Td> 14,713 / 14,761 </Td> <Td> $624,256 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Southampton </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Ageas Bowl </Td> <Td> Sheppard </Td> <Td> 19,739 / 19,799 </Td> <Td> $970,077 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Monmouthshire </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> <Td> Caldicot Castle </Td> <Td> Louisa Johnson Sheppard </Td> <Td> 11,750 / 11,750 </Td> <Td> $588,930 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Exeter </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Powderham Castle </Td> <Td> Ella Eyre Sheppard </Td> <Td> 14,860 / 14,860 </Td> <Td> $644,232 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Durham </Td> <Td> County Cricket Club Emirates Riverside </Td> <Td> 14,983 / 14,987 </Td> <Td> $642,954 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Carlisle </Td> <Td> Bitts Park </Td> <Td> 17,000 / 17,000 </Td> <Td> $734,908 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="7"> Oceania -- Glory Days Tour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Perth </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Crown Theatre </Td> <Td> Zoe Badwi </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Melbourne </Td> <Td> Margaret Court Arena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 July 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Adelaide </Td> <Td> AEC Theatre </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 July 2017 </Td> <Td> Brisbane </Td> <Td> Brisbane Entertainment Centre </Td> <Td> 7,403

The opening act for Little Mix's Glory Days tour is

Who is opening for little mix glory days tour?

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<Ul> <Li> Grant Gustin </Li> <Li> Candice Patton </Li> <Li> Danielle Panabaker </Li> <Li> Carlos Valdes </Li> <Li> Keiynan Lonsdale </Li> <Li> Neil Sandilands </Li> <Li> Tom Cavanagh </Li> <Li> Jesse L. Martin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> The CW </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of The Flash episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The fourth season of the American television series The Flash , which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities . It is set in the Arrowverse , sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe , and is a spin - off of Arrow . The season is produced by Berlanti Productions , Warner Bros. Television , and DC Entertainment , with Andrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners . </P> <P> The season was ordered in January 2017 , and filming began that July . Grant Gustin stars as Barry , with principal cast members Candice Patton , Danielle Panabaker , Carlos Valdes , Keiynan Lonsdale , Tom Cavanagh , and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons , and are joined by Neil Sandilands . </P> <P> The fourth season began airing on October 10 , 2017 , on The CW . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Episodes </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Writing </Li> <Li> 3.3 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.4 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.5 Music </Li> <Li> 3.6 Arrowverse tie - ins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 4.2 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of The Flash episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Iris has been aiding Team Flash in Central City for six months , but refusing to grieve Barry . A flying Samurai with superpowers appears in Central City , threatening to destroy the city if the real Flash does not face him . Cisco reveals he has formulated a way to bring back Barry without destabilizing the Speed Force , and tracks down Caitlin for help . Against Iris ' direction , Team Flash successfully returns Barry , who appears rambling random statements and continually writing symbols on walls . Wally engages the Samurai , but is defeated . Cisco deciphers Barry 's writings and finds an apparently meaningless sentence . In an attempt to recover Barry 's memories , Iris gives herself up to the Samurai . The plan works and Barry speeds away , rescuing Iris and defeating the Samurai , who is revealed to be a robot . Caitlin rejoins Team Flash , but is revealed to have been working for a mobster called Amunet at the bar , while also continuing to prevent the Killer Frost personality from emerging . The `` Samuroid '' is revealed to have been controlled by the Thinker , whose plan was to draw out the Flash for his next schemes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When Barry , Joe , and Cisco report to a crime scene , they discover remnants of a mysterious code . Cisco presents Barry with a technologically advanced suit , intended to facilitate his activities . He tests it out , trying to save someone from a haywire car , caused by metahuman Ramsey Deacon . Gypsy arrives on Earth - 1 for a date with Cisco , who is forced to cancel it so as to focus on Deacon . Acting on a suggestion from Caitlin , Iris signs her and Barry up for couples therapy to sort out their relationship . Deacon kidnaps a witness , who was previously a member of a tech team who sold him out of his idea . Barry and Wally go to save him , but Deacon uses his abilities to send Barry 's suit haywire . On Iris 's instructions , Barry throws lightning at himself , shorting out his suit . He then incapacitates Deacon , who is locked up in the meta wing of Iron Heights , revealed to be part of the Thinker 's plan . Cisco finally goes out with Gypsy . Wondering how Deacon gained his powers being absent during the particle accelerator incident , Barry and Joe learn from Deacon that there are `` others '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. Kevorkian </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13403 </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> In flashbacks , the Thinker observes Becky Sharpe , a woman with seemingly unending bad luck , and determines that she will be easily manipulated . In the present , Becky robs a bank , and gets away when Barry slips on marbles . Harry arrives from Earth - 2 , and tells Wally that Jesse has decided to break up in order to focus on her vigilantism . Cisco deduces that Becky is a metahuman with the power of favorable luck while inducing misfortune to others . Barry realizes that the portal he used to escape the Speed Force exposed an entire busload of people , including Becky and Deacon , to transformative dark matter . Harry informs Cisco that Jesse has expelled him from her crime - fighting team due to his attitude . Becky 's powers expand out of control , reactivating the particle accelerator , which Harry deliberately allows , nullifying Becky 's powers and leading to her incarceration . Cisco and Harry identify twelve new metahumans created on the bus , and the latter suspects that an unknown party has manipulated events surrounding Barry 's return . Wally decides to leave on a journey to find himself . The Thinker is revealed to be spying on S.T.A.R. Labs through the `` Samuroid '' helmet . Joe learns Cecile is pregnant . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Elongated Journey Into Night '' </Td> <Td> Tom Cavanagh </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13404 </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Gypsy 's father , Breacher , attacks Cisco , vowing to hunt and kill him in 24 hours , allowing the romance should he survive . Team Flash learns that the bus driver was murdered and tracks down another passenger , Ralph Dibny , former corrupt CCPD detective exposed by Barry and currently an infamous private investigator . As two thugs attack Dibny , he is revealed to have the power to stretch . Caitlin stabilizes his powers with a serum . The team learns that Ralph has been blackmailing Mayor Bellows for adultery , with the latter revealed to have hired the thugs . Barry confronts Ralph for his actions while the latter scolds him , claiming to have been a `` good cop '' . He later stops blackmailing Bellows , who still attempts to kill him while Breacher mistakes the former for a Plastoid , the species that invaded Earth - 19 previously , and attacks him . Cisco intervenes and saves Ralph , whom Barry , having revealed his alter - ego , convinces to help arrest an escaping Bellows . Admiring Cisco 's gallantry , Breacher allows the relationship . Barry recruits Ralph for Team Flash and learns that someone named DeVoe instructed Ralph to watch Bellows . Barry remembers that Abra Kadabra and Savitar both mentioned DeVoe . Meanwhile , Caitlin finds a message on her apartment door . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> Laura Belsey </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13405 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> While failing to track DeVoe , Team Flash is visited by Felicity , who joins Iris 's bachelorette party . Mocking Cisco 's plans for Barry 's bachelor party , Ralph takes the men to a strip club , where they learn that Cecile 's daughter , Joanie , is working . Joe confronts her , who states she is only doing feminist research . Ralph incites a brawl , leading to the men 's arrest until Harry posts bail . Meanwhile , Amunet 's enforcer , Norvock , demands Caitlin 's return and attacks the women when she refuses . Killer Frost emerges and repels him , later telling Iris that Caitlin accepted Amunet 's employment in exchange for the means to control Frost . Learning that Amunet is holding a metahuman she calls `` the Weeper '' , whose tears are a strong narcotic , prisoner and intends to sell him , Iris 's party decides to stop her . Though Caitlin refuses to join , she attacks Amunet when seeing her friends in danger . Using a strong magnet , the team robs Amunet 's metal shards , leaving her powerless . Iris dissuades Frost from killing Amunet , who promises revenge . Both parties refuse to tell each other about their adventures . Iris asks Caitlin to be her maid of honor while Joe convinces Joanie to tell Cecile about her research . DeVoe captures the Weeper . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 75 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` When Harry Met Harry ... '' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry trains Ralph to use his abilities , with Cisco making a stretchable suit for him . Another bus metahuman , a Lakota Sioux Native named Mina Chayton , who can animate statues , starts attacking Central City & stealing pieces of a Black Bison necklace , which she claims belongs to her tribe . When Barry and Ralph catch up to her , she attacks Barry with a caveman statue and attempts a getaway . Ralph chooses to stop her , but a little girl is injured in the process . Ralph regrets his actions , but is comforted by Barry . Chayton escapes CCPD , going after the last necklace piece held at the museum . When Barry and Ralph confront her , she brings a dinosaur skeleton to life . Barry arrests Chayton while Ralph saves a security guard from the skeleton . Later

The Flash Season 4 Episode 3 airs on

When does the flash season 4 episode 3 air?

-8008996401289272091

during season two . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 21 </Th> <Td> `` Girl Meets Demolition '' `` Girl Meets What the What '' </Td> <Td> Joel Zwick </Td> <Td> Jeff Menell </Td> <Td> April 17 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 207 </Td> <Td> 2.08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> Riley and Maya want money to buy clothes , so they go to Demolition , an accessory store , to buy new outfits . The cashier , Aubrey , manipulates the two girls into giving away all their clothes . Riley sees a pretty dress and becomes obsessed over it , so she decides to use a $500 emergency credit card Topanga gave her to buy it , despite Maya 's urging not to . The girls tell Cory what happened and demands to speak to Aubrey , but when he does , she brainwashes him into thinking he looks like Justin Timberlake and he ends up being scammed into buying an expensive outfit . Topanga gets irritated from the circumstance ; Cory then tells Topanga they all spend $1,200 worth of clothes . Enraged , Topanga goes down to Demolition to tell the owners that Aubrey scammed her daughter and husband into buying extravagant items . The owners turn out to be Aubrey 's parents , who are delighted that she scammed someone into giving her money . Later , Aubrey gets a phone call from Evelyn Rand saying she wants the dress Aubrey sold to Riley back for $2,500 , but Aubrey insists on $4,000 . Evelyn arrives and teaches Aubrey a valuable life lesson , causing Aubrey to turn over a new leaf . At the end of the episode , Aubrey goes up to the Matthews apartment , asking Riley and Maya to teach her how to be a better person . </P> <P> Special guest star : Debby Ryan as Aubrey </P> <P> Guest stars : Jackée as Evelyn Rand , Stephanie Erb as Hillary , David Starzyk as Ron </P> <P> Absent : Peyton Meyer as Lucas Friar , Corey Fogelmanis as Farkle Minkus </P> Note : This episode is not considered a part of season one , but instead a special episode that was a part of Disney 's `` What the What Weekend '' . Additionally , Disney calls the episode `` Girl Meets What the What '' to tie into the programming event , but the show 's writers and other sources refer to it as `` Girl Meets Demolition '' . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 2 ( 2015 -- 16 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 22 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Girl Meets Gravity '' </Td> <Td> Rider Strong </Td> <Td> Randi Barnes </Td> <Td> May 11 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 201 </Td> <Td> 2.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> Riley , Maya , Lucas , and Farkle start their first day of the eighth grade at John Quincy Adams Middle School . After the girls startle their new teacher Mr. Martinez with their rudeness , he quits and Cory replaces him . Riley and Maya then decide to transfer classes , desiring to have a different teacher than Cory . They quickly discover that their new history teacher is very strict , and forces the girls to be separated against their wishes . They also notice that their new classmates are almost identical in both appearance and personalities to Riley , Maya , Farkle and Lucas . The girls later transfer back to Cory 's classroom and restore normalcy . However , the girls are still restless , feeling like their parents are always `` circling '' around them like planets . Riley talks about the Sun , Earth and the Earth 's orbit throughout the episode , and in the end , it is revealed Mrs. Svorski , the former owner of the bakery , has died and Riley was speaking at her funeral . </P> <P> Special guest stars : William Daniels as Mr. Feeny , Cloris Leachman as Mrs. Svorski </P> <P> Guest stars : Cheryl Texiera as Katy Hart , Delon de Metz as Mr. Martinez , Senta Moses as Alterna - Cory </P> Note : Corey Fogelmanis is added to the main title sequence . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 23 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Girl Meets the New World '' </Td> <Td> Joel Zwick </Td> <Td> Teresa Kale </Td> <Td> May 12 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 208 </Td> <Td> 2.14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> Maya begins to pressure Riley to find out what happened on her date with Lucas . Their classmates at school know that Riley and Lucas kissed , and begin pressuring the two to tell everyone if they are dating . Later on , Riley and Lucas confirm they are dating , telling Cory and Topanga about their kiss , which Cory is shocked about . Things become awkward , and even though Riley and Lucas have strong feelings for each other , they decide to break up and remain friends . Meanwhile , Maya and Farkle get `` engaged '' and then `` married '' . Elsewhere , Topanga becomes frustrated while trying to teach Auggie 's new friend that his name is Dewey , but he thinks his name is pronounced `` Doy '' . </P> Guest star : Cooper Friedman as Dewey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 24 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Girl Meets the Secret of Life '' </Td> <Td> Rider Strong & Shiloh Strong </Td> <Td> Mark Blutman </Td> <Td> May 13 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 202 </Td> <Td> 2.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> One of Lucas 's friends from Texas , Zay Babineaux , transfers to John Adams , and alludes to the fact that Lucas acted quite differently back in Texas . This causes Riley significant distress , and she begins to worry that Lucas may not be the right boyfriend for her . After discovering Lucas was expelled from his previous school , a parallel discussion begins in which Cory asks his students what the secret of life is . To further the conversation for the next class , Cory assigns the students to wash a car together and claims by doing so , they will find the secret of life . A disagreement regarding Lucas 's personality in Texas starts after the friends begin spraying each other with water . After they finish washing the car , Zay runs into a bully and Lucas attempts to help his friend out as Riley and Maya watch . Lucas threatens the bully away , and reveals to Riley that the reason he was expelled is because his temper got the best of him when Zay was in trouble . Through Cory 's lesson , the friends then realize that whatever Lucas 's personality was before he came to New York does not matter , as they have all changed him for the better . </P> Guest stars : Amir Mitchell - Townes as Zay Babineaux , Shak Ghacha as Joey Ricciardella </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Girl Meets Pluto '' </Td> <Td> Joel Zwick </Td> <Td> Matthew Nelson </Td> <Td> May 14 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 203 </Td> <Td> 2.36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> Riley is shocked when Maya tells her that Pluto is no longer considered a planet . Cory asks his students how they think they will be remembered in history , and he suggests creating a class time capsule . Cory then remembers the time capsule that he , Topanga , and Shawn buried fifteen years ago in Philadelphia , causing him to elatedly go out and buy shovels so they can dig it up . Maya and Riley go to Philadelphia with Cory , Topanga , and Shawn to dig up the time capsule in Mr. Feeny 's yard . Shawn reveals his contribution to the time capsule was the contents of his ex-girlfriend Angela 's purse , causing Maya to believe that Shawn does not actually love her mother as she had hoped . Shawn reassures her , telling Maya that he will always be there for her if she needs it . Later , the friends fill their own time capsule with various things that signify importance to them , including Riley 's pluto ball , Farkle 's orange turtleneck and Lucas 's transfer slip . Maya asks her friends to leave so she can put in her contribution , which is a picture of Shawn and her mother together with her on her 14th birthday . </P> <P> Special guest star : William Daniels as Mr. Feeny </P> <P> Guest stars : Rider Strong as Shawn Hunter , Cheryl Texiera as Katy Hart </P> Absent : August Maturo as Auggie Matthews </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girl Meets Mr. Squirrels '' </Td> <Td> Rider Strong & Shiloh Strong </Td> <Td> Michael Jacobs </Td> <Td> May 15 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 204 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> Riley and Maya get into a huge argument which threatens their friendship . The feud prompts Cory to call on his older brother Eric to mediate , recalling his people skills in settling a feud when they were in college . After Eric arrives at the Matthews ' apartment , he listens to the girls , and Maya reveals a comment Lucas made about her height , which Riley decided to agree with rather than considering how hurtful the comment was to her friend . Eric is later a guest in Cory 's class , and he gathers the students just outside the classroom , where Riley and Maya further discuss their problem . It turns out the other students , including Farkle , Lucas and Zay , are dealing with similar issues for their age . Eric shows them that what they are going through is normal , and they should be supportive of each other even with these issues . </P> Guest stars : Will Friedle as Eric Matthews , Amir Mitchell - Townes as Zay Babineaux </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Girl Meets the Tell - Tale - Tot '' </Td> <Td> Ben Savage </Td> <Td> Teresa Kale </Td> <Td> June 5 , 2015 ( 2015 - 06 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 205 </Td> <Td> 2.19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> Uncle Josh visits Cory and his family again , with great news about being accepted into NYU , to Maya 's delight . There is a welcoming party for Josh at a friend 's dormitory at the university , which Maya is determined to attend . It starts late at night , so Maya pretends to have a sleepover at Riley 's with plans to sneak out . Though Riley knows it is wrong , she decides to accompany Maya , and the two devise a scheme so that Riley 's parents are unaware that they are at this party . Auggie later unfoils the scheme , but keeps quiet . While Riley enjoys her first taste of college life , Maya regrets being there when she sees Josh speaking with other girls and realizes she is not in their league . Josh is startled to see Riley and Maya , and takes the two home after trying to set things straight regarding Maya 's feelings for him . Riley ends up grounded for two weeks for sneaking out , and

Zayn comes to Girl Meets World on

When does zay come to girl meets world?

-2847479235569545307

, `` distance from A to B '' is interchangeable with `` distance from B to A '' . In mathematics , a distance function or metric is a generalization of the concept of physical distance . A metric is a function that behaves according to a specific set of rules , and is a way of describing what it means for elements of some space to be `` close to '' or `` far away from '' each other . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview and definitions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Physical distances </Li> <Li> 1.2 Theoretical distances </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Distance versus directed distance and displacement <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Directed distance </Li> <Li> 2.2 Displacement </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Mathematics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Geometry </Li> <Li> 3.2 Distance in Euclidean space </Li> <Li> 3.3 Variational formulation of distance </Li> <Li> 3.4 Generalization to higher - dimensional objects </Li> <Li> 3.5 Algebraic distance </Li> <Li> 3.6 General metric </Li> <Li> 3.7 Distances between sets and between a point and a set </Li> <Li> 3.8 Graph theory </Li> <Li> 3.9 Other mathematical `` distances '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview and definitions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Physical distances ( edit ) </H3> Airline routes between Los Angeles and Tokyo approximately follow a direct great circle route ( top ) , but use the jet stream ( bottom ) when heading eastwards . Note that the shortest route appears as a curve rather than a straight line because this map is a Mercator projection , which does not scale all distances equally compared to the real spherical surface of the Earth . `` Manhattan distance '' on a grid <P> A physical distance can mean several different things : </P> <Ul> <Li> The length of a specific path traveled between two points , such as the distance walked while navigating a maze </Li> </Ul> A board showing distances near Visakhapatnam <Ul> <Li> The length of the shortest possible path through space between two point that could be taken if there were no obstacles ( usually formalized as Euclidean distance ) </Li> <Li> The length of the shortest path between two points while remaining on some surface , such as the great - circle distance along the curve of the Earth </Li> </Ul> <P> `` Circular distance '' is the distance traveled by a wheel , which can be useful when designing vehicles or mechanical gears . The circumference of the wheel is 2π × radius , and assuming the radius to be 1 , then each revolution of the wheel is equivalent of the distance 2π radians . In engineering ω = 2πƒ is often used , where ƒ is the frequency . </P> <P> Unusual definitions of distance can be helpful to model certain physical situations , but are also used in theoretical mathematics : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Manhattan distance '' is a rectilinear distance , named after the number of blocks north , south , east , or west a taxicab must travel on to reach its destination on the grid of streets in parts of New York City . </Li> <Li> `` Chessboard distance '' , formalized as Chebyshev distance , is the minimum number of moves a king must make on a chessboard to travel between two squares . </Li> </Ul> <P> Distance measures in cosmology are complicated by the expansion of the universe , and by effects described by the theory of relativity such as length contraction of moving objects . </P> <H3> Theoretical distances ( edit ) </H3> <P> The term `` distance '' is also used by analogy to measure non-physical entities in certain ways . </P> <P> In computer science , there is the notion of the `` edit distance '' between two strings . For example , the words `` dog '' and `` dot '' , which vary by only one letter , are closer than `` dog '' and `` cat '' , which differ by three letters . This idea is used in spell checkers and in coding theory , and is mathematically formalized in several different ways , such as : </P> <Ul> <Li> Levenshtein distance </Li> <Li> Hamming distance </Li> <Li> Lee distance </Li> <Li> Jaro -- Winkler distance </Li> <Li> N - gram distance </Li> </Ul> <P> In mathematics , a metric space is a set for which distances between all members of the set are defined . In this way , many different types of `` distances '' can be calculated , such as for traversal of graphs , comparison of distributions and curves , and using unusual definitions of `` space '' ( for example using a manifold or reflections ) . The notion of distance in graph theory has been used to describe social networks , for example with the Erdős number or the Bacon number , the number of collaborative relationships away a person is from prolific mathematician Paul Erdős or actor Kevin Bacon , respectively . </P> <P> In psychology , human geography , and the social sciences , distance is often theorized not as an objective metric , but as a subjective experience . </P> <H2> Distance versus directed distance and displacement ( edit ) </H2> Distance along a path compared with displacement <P> Distance can not be negative , and distance travelled never decreases . Distance is a scalar quantity or a magnitude , whereas displacement is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction . Directed distance is a positive , zero , or negative scalar quantity . </P> <P> The distance covered by a vehicle ( for example as recorded by an odometer ) , person , animal , or object along a curved path from a point A to a point B should be distinguished from the straight - line distance from A to B. For example , whatever the distance covered during a round trip from A to B and back to A , the displacement is zero as start and end points coincide . In general the straight - line distance does not equal distance travelled , except for journeys in a straight line . </P> <H3> Directed distance ( edit ) </H3> <P> Directed distances are distances with a directional sense . They can be determined along straight lines and along curved lines . A directed distance of a point C from point A in the direction of B on a line AB in a Euclidean vector space is the distance from A to C if C falls on the ray AB , but is the negative of that distance if C falls on the ray BA ( I.e. , if C is not on the same side of A as B is ) . </P> <P> A directed distance along a curved line is not a vector and is represented by a segment of that curved line defined by endpoints A and B , with some specific information indicating the sense ( or direction ) of an ideal or real motion from one endpoint of the segment to the other ( see figure ) . For instance , just labelling the two endpoints as A and B can indicate the sense , if the ordered sequence ( A , B) is assumed , which implies that A is the starting point . </P> <H3> Displacement ( edit ) </H3> <P> A displacement ( see above ) is a special kind of directed distance defined in mechanics . A directed distance is called displacement when it is the distance along a straight line ( minimum distance ) from A and B , and when A and B are positions occupied by the same particle at two different instants of time . This implies motion of the particle . The distance traveled by a particle must always be greater than or equal to its displacement , with equality occurring only when the particle moves along a straight path . </P> <P> Another kind of directed distance is that between two different particles or point masses at a given time . For instance , the distance from the center of gravity of the Earth A and the center of gravity of the Moon B ( which does not strictly imply motion from A to B) falls into this category . </P> <H2> Mathematics ( edit ) </H2> See also : Metric ( mathematics ) <H3> Geometry ( edit ) </H3> <P> In analytic geometry , the distance between two points of the xy - plane can be found using the distance formula . The distance between ( x , y ) and ( x , y ) is given by : </P> <Dl> <Dd> d = ( Δ x ) 2 + ( Δ y ) 2 = ( x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y 1 ) 2 . ( \ displaystyle d = ( \ sqrt ( ( \ Delta x ) ^ ( 2 ) + ( \ Delta y ) ^ ( 2 ) ) ) = ( \ sqrt ( ( x_ ( 2 ) - x_ ( 1 ) ) ^ ( 2 ) + ( y_ ( 2 ) - y_ ( 1 ) ) ^ ( 2 ) ) ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Similarly , given points ( x , y , z ) and ( x , y , z ) in three - space , the distance between them is : </P> <Dl> <Dd> d = ( Δ x ) 2 + ( Δ y ) 2 + ( Δ z ) 2 = ( x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y 1 ) 2 + ( z 2 − z 1 ) 2 . ( \ displaystyle d = ( \ sqrt ( ( \ Delta x ) ^ ( 2 ) + ( \ Delta y ) ^ ( 2 ) + ( \ Delta z ) ^ ( 2 ) ) ) = ( \ sqrt ( ( x_ ( 2 ) - x_ ( 1 ) ) ^ ( 2 ) + ( y_ ( 2 ) - y_ ( 1 ) ) ^ ( 2 ) + ( z_ ( 2 ) - z_ ( 1 ) ) ^ ( 2 ) ) ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> These formula are easily derived by constructing a right triangle with a leg on the hypotenuse of another ( with the other leg orthogonal to the plane that contains the 1st triangle ) and applying the Pythagorean theorem . In the study of complicated geometries , we call this ( most common ) type of distance Euclidean distance , as it is derived from the Pythagorean theorem , which does not hold in non-Euclidean geometries . This distance formula can also be expanded into the arc - length formula . </P> <H3> Distance in Euclidean space ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the Euclidean space R , the distance between two points is usually given by the Euclidean distance ( 2 - norm distance ) . Other distances , based on other norms , are sometimes used instead . </P> <P> For a point ( x , x , ... , x ) and a point ( y , y , ... , y ) , the Minkowski distance of order p ( p - norm distance ) is defined as : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 1 - norm distance </Td> <Td> = ∑ i = 1 n x i − y i ( \ displaystyle = \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) \ left x_ ( i ) - y_ ( i ) \ right ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 - norm distance </Td> <Td> = ( ∑ i = 1 n x i − y i 2 ) 1 / 2 ( \ displaystyle = \ left ( \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) \ left

The term that describes the length and direction of a straight line between two locations or positions is

The length and direction of a straight line between two locations or positions?

-5477318889235784500

Greg Heffley </H2> Main article : Greg Heffley Self - drawing of Greg <P> Gregory `` Greg '' Heffley is 12 years old in the first novel . Greg 's actions can however be antagonistic at times , including terrorizing kids , trying to steal money from a church collection basket , lying in confession , picking on other students , playing pranks on his best friend , selling falsely advertised fitness water and even praying for bad stuff to happen to others . However , he can also be a kind hearted character . He helps his brother with his homework , gets his friend a date for a dance , helps out , and forgives his friends . Greg is portrayed by Zachary Gordon and Jason Drucker in the movie series . He ca n't stop flirting with girls . But after all , he is a funny kid . </P> <H2> Rowley Jefferson </H2> Rowley as drawn by Greg <P> Rowley Jefferson is Greg 's best friend . In the first book , Rowley is an antagonist in Greg 's point of view while technically in a third - person view , Greg is the antagonist and Rowley is the protagonist . In Dog Days , they separate after Rowley damages Greg 's chances of winning a video game championship , but they get back together at the end of The Ugly Truth . At the end of The Third Wheel , Rowley begins dating Abigail Brown , a girl who was originally Greg 's date for the Valentine 's Day dance . This plot continues in Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Hard Luck , where he ditches Greg for his new girlfriend Abigail . At the end of the book , the couple break up and he becomes friends with Greg again . </P> <P> Rowley has what Greg considers strange interests for his age and gender , such as liking a singer for `` six - year - old girls '' named Joshie and action figures Greg believes are for younger kids . Rowley is also the owner of the comic strip Zoo Wee Mama . Rowley claims that Greg had nothing to do with the comic strip in the first book , a rare antagonistic move from him . In the movie series , Rowley is portrayed by Robert Capron & Owen Asztalos . Rowley 's shortest appearance was in The Long Haul , where he is only mentioned on one page . </P> <P> . </P> <H2> Frank Heffley </H2> <P> Francisco `` Frank '' Heffley is Greg 's overreactive but well - meaning father . He is interested in U.S. history , and his replica of a Civil War battlefield is a plot point in the series . Frank is edgy around Rowley , does not appreciate Greg 's skill at video games , loathes heavy metal , and adolescents . In Rodrick Rules , during Thanksgiving dinner , Frank turns up the thermostat to make everyone leave . He tries to toughen Greg up and threatens to send him to a military academy in The Last Straw , although ultimately this does not come to fruition , much to Greg 's relief . However , Greg and Frank grow together in Dog Days . Frank is portrayed by Steve Zahn in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series . In Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , he is played by Tom Everett Scott . </P> <H2> Susan Heffley </H2> <P> Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother . Though she is loving and motherly , she sometimes seems naive , absent - minded , embarrassing , and overprotective , apparently thinking she knows about what kids Greg 's age are into when in fact , she does n't . She does n't like technology causing her to have the family to have their differences . She believes that technology is distant to her family . She also wants to become a good mother in front of her peers . She and her husband pays far more attention to Manny than their other two sons . She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series . In Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , she is portrayed by Alicia Silverstone . In the online version of the first book , Susan was known as Ann Heffley . </P> <H2> Manny Heffley </H2> Manny as drawn by Greg <P> Manuel `` Manny '' Heffley is Greg and Rodrick 's younger brother . He is an annoying , spoiled child who is constantly doted on by his mother . He makes a great number of demands and throws temper tantrums if they are not fulfilled . Among Manny 's most well - known characteristics are his refusal to be toilet - trained and his complete inability to remain in nursery school . He frequently damages Greg 's property , and uses his age as an excuse for doing so . Whenever they go on vacations , Manny ends up ruining it and gets away with it . The excessive coddling he receives from his parents infuriates Greg . He also takes advantage of his overindulgence . It is revealed in The Third Wheel that Manny has imaginary friends , whom he blames for his misbehavior . Despite his very young age and spoiled attitude , Manny shows signs of actually possessing more intelligence than he appears to have . He surprises his family by his ability to speak Spanish in The Long Haul , but plays this to his advantage by persuading some Mexican men to take them to retrieve their pet pig . He is his grandmother 's favorite , although she denies this . In the three movies based on the first four books , Manny is portrayed by Connor and Owen Fielding . In the movie , Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , he is portrayed by Wyatt and Dylan Walters . </P> <P> Manny has similar traits to those of Farley Drexel `` Fudge '' Hatcher . </P> <H2> Rodrick Heffley </H2> <P> Rodrick is Greg 's formerly aggressive older brother . He is the drummer in a garage band called `` Löded Diper '' ( loaded diaper ) , noted for their substandard heavy metal concerts and limited musical abilities . However , once pop star Max Mudd , Joe Elliott , and Mutt Lange began producing the band 's work , and Joe Keery took over lead vocals , the band became a worldwide hit as they shifted their genre from heavy punk metal to glam pop metal , very much influenced by and in the style of Def Leppard . Rodrick is not an exception to Frank 's notorious distrust of all teenagers . </P> <P> Rodrick is infamous for his stereotypical rebellious nature , feigning illness in Rodrick Rules so as to be allowed to remain at home to throw a chaotic house party during his parents ' absence , only for the evidence to appear in newly developed photographs that are quickly discovered by the boys ' parents . He bullies Greg a lot and pulls awful pranks that ruins Greg 's and his family 's life . Rodrick also possesses incompetent tendencies , as his school assignments are notoriously crude and idiotic . He assumes that Abraham Lincoln was the author of To Kill a Mockingbird and , with Greg 's aid , bases a science presentation around the hypothesis of whether or not plants sneeze . His spelling abilities are also poor , and he devotes a lot of time to tormenting Greg . In the books , Rodrick owns and drives a white van , which sports his band 's name written in large black letters , on either side of it and lacks any back seats , the reason being that Rodrick needs room for his band equipment . In the movie series , the van is revealed to be a 1996 Chevrolet Astro AWD van , which also sports a diaper 's pin drawn on the rear doors . In Rodrick Rules , Greg is haunted by the fact that Rodrick knows about his most mortifying experience during the summertime . This haunts him when he returns to school . However , his fears are quickly eased after the story becomes distorted to Greg 's advantage due to it being passed around by so many people ( à la Chinese Whispers ) , temporarily boosting his popularity . By the end of the film adaptation of Rodrick Rules , he is much closer to Greg , and his actions to him becomes much less aggressive . This is also shown in the film adaptation of Dog Days when Rodrick thanks Greg for getting him a gig at Heather Hills ' Sweet 16 . In the film series based on the books , Rodrick is played by Devon Bostick . In the film , Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , Rodrick is played by Charlie Wright . Actually , Rodrick 's name is usually spelled Roderick with an E , but his parents spelled it wrong on the birth certificate . </P> <H2> Greg 's relatives and other family </H2> <H3> Grandma </H3> <P> Grandma is Susan 's mother and Greg 's maternal grandmother . Grandma is known to drive a car like the Heffleys ' . Greg often calls her to his home as a way to avoid his dad 's scoldings , since his dad will not do this when she is around . When she is about to leave , Greg quickly goes to accompany her . </P> <H3> Grandpa Heffley </H3> <P> Greg 's paternal grandpa is a typical unpredictable grandfather who is asked to babysit Rodrick and his brother in Rodrick Rules . He lives in a care home called Leisure Towers and enjoys playing games such as `` Gutbusters '' , which the two boys find boring . Grandpa is a smoker . He has his television tuned to the CCTV in the care home lobby , which he spends his time watching . In Old School , he moves out of Leisure Towers because the rent is too high and moves in with the Heffleys . Grandpa has a girlfriend named Darlene in the book `` Hard Luck '' and broke up with her in the book `` Old School '' . Grandpa dates online . Greg is his favorite . Grandpa is known for making an awful dish named `` Watercress Salad '' which is just cucumber and floating beans in a pool of vinegar . This dish is hated by Greg but Rodrick makes him have more . It 's stated that Grandpa never spent much time with Frank when he was a boy . </P> <H3> Joe Heffley </H3> <P> Joe Heffley is Frank 's brother and Greg 's uncle . Frank has a sibling rivalry with Joe due to his actions . When Manny started potty training , Uncle Joe insisted that there was a `` potty monster '' that was about to get him , causing him to fear using the bathroom , forcing Frank to change his diapers for a longer time . Greg says that he could hear Frank cursing Joe under his breath every time he changed Manny 's diapers because of this . Uncle Joe 's children call their uncle `` Aunt Fwank '' , which Frank swears he told them to do on purpose ; Susan thinks it 's cute . In Dog Days , Greg mentions that he tried to make Uncle Joe convince Frank to get a dog , but that did not work out . He also mentions that Joe 's dog , Killer ate most of his birthday cake . </P> <H3> Joe Heffley 's wife </H3> <P> Joe Heffley 's wife is a dark - haired woman and Greg 's aunt . She does not appear much in the books . </P> <H3> Joe Heffley

In the Diary of a Wimpy Kid, the role of Manny is played by

Who plays manny in diary of a wimpy kid?