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Charles bridge - Wikipedia <H1> Charles bridge </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Czech . ( July 2017 ) Click ( show ) for important translation instructions . <Ul> <Li> View a machine - translated version of the Czech article . </Li> <Li> Google 's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations , but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate , rather than simply copy - pasting machine - translated text into the English Wikipedia . </Li> <Li> Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low - quality . If possible , verify the text with references provided in the foreign - language article . </Li> <Li> You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation . A model attribution edit summary ( using German ) : Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at ( ( : de : Exact name of German article ) ) ; see its history for attribution . </Li> <Li> You should also add the template ( ( Translated cs Czecharticletitle ) ) to the talk page . </Li> <Li> For more guidance , see Wikipedia : Translation . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Charles Bridge </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 50 ° 5 ′ 11.21 '' N 14 ° 24 ′ 42.68 '' E  /  50.0864472 ° N 14.4118556 ° E  / 50.0864472 ; 14.4118556 Coordinates : 50 ° 5 ′ 11.21 '' N 14 ° 24 ′ 42.68 '' E  /  50.0864472 ° N 14.4118556 ° E  / 50.0864472 ; 14.4118556 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carries </Th> <Td> Pedestrian only </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Crosses </Th> <Td> Vltava River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Locale </Th> <Td> Prague </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official name </Th> <Td> Karlův most </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other name ( s ) </Th> <Td> Stone Bridge ( Kamenný most ) , Prague Bridge ( Pražský most ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> Stone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Material </Th> <Td> Bohemian sandstone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total length </Th> <Td> 515.8 metres ( 1,692 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Width </Th> <Td> 9.5 metres ( 31 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Longest span </Th> <Td> 13.4 metres ( 44 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Clearance below </Th> <Td> 13 metres ( 43 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designer </Th> <Td> Peter Parler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction start </Th> <Td> 1357 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction end </Th> <Td> 1402 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Charles Bridge Location in Czech Republic </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Charles Bridge ( Czech : Karlův most ( ˈkarluːf ˈmost ) ( listen ) ) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague , Czech Republic . Its construction started in 1357 under the auspices of King Charles IV , and finished in the beginning of the 15th century . The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158 -- 1172 that had been badly damaged by a flood in 1342 . This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge ( Kamenný most ) or Prague Bridge ( Pražský most ) but has been `` Charles Bridge '' since 1870 . As the only means of crossing the river Vltava ( Moldau ) until 1841 , Charles Bridge was the most important connection between Prague Castle and the city 's Old Town and adjacent areas . This `` solid - land '' connection made Prague important as a trade route between Eastern and Western Europe . </P> <P> The bridge is 621 metres ( 2,037 ft ) long and nearly 10 metres ( 33 ft ) wide , following the example of the Stone Bridge in Regensburg , it was built as a bow bridge with 16 arches shielded by ice guards . It is protected by three bridge towers , two of them on the Lesser Quarter side and the third one on the Old Town side . The Old Town Bridge Tower is often considered to be one of the most astonishing civil gothic - style buildings in the world . The bridge is decorated by a continuous alley of 30 statues and statuaries , most of them baroque - style , originally erected around 1700 but now all replaced by replicas . </P> <P> Repairs are scheduled to start in late 2019 , they should take around 20 years . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Through the 19th century </Li> <Li> 1.2 20th century to present </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Statues on the bridge </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Through the 19th century ( edit ) </H3> Old Town Bridge Tower during 1848 revolution Charles Bridge during 1872 flood Charles Bridge as viewed from Petřínská rozhledna -- lookout tower <P> Throughout its history , Charles Bridge has suffered several disasters and witnessed many historic events . Czech legend has it that construction began on Charles Bridge at 5 : 31am on 9 July 1357 with the first stone being laid by Charles IV himself . This exact time was very important to the Holy Roman Emperor because he was a strong believer of numerology and felt that this specific time , which formed a palindrome ( 1357 9 , 7 5 : 31 ) , was a numerical bridge , and would imbue Charles Bridge with additional strength . The bridge was completed 45 years later in 1402 . A flood in 1432 damaged three pillars . In 1496 the third arch ( counting from the Old Town side ) broke down after one of the pillars lowered , being undermined by the water ( repairs were finished in 1503 ) . A year after the Battle of White Mountain , when the 27 leaders of the anti-Habsburg revolt were executed on 21 June 1621 , the Old Town bridge tower served as a deterrent display of the severed heads of the victims to stop Czechs from further resistance . During the end of the Thirty Years ' War in 1648 , the Swedes occupied the west bank of the Vltava , and as they tried to advance into the Old Town the heaviest fighting took place right on the bridge . During the fighting , they severely damaged one side of the Old Town bridge tower ( the side facing the river ) and the remnants of almost all gothic decorations had to be removed from it afterward . During the late 17th century and early 18th century the bridge gained its typical appearance when an alley of baroque statues was installed on the pillars . During a great flood in 1784 , five pillars were severely damaged and although the arches did not break down , the traffic on the bridge had to be greatly restricted for some time . </P> <P> The original stairway to Kampa Island was replaced by a new one in 1844 . The next year , another great flood threatened the bridge , but the bridge escaped major damage . In 1848 , during the revolutionary days , the bridge escaped unharmed from the cannonade , but some of the statues were damaged . In 1866 , pseudo-gothic gas lights were erected on the balustrade ; they were later replaced with electric lighting . In the 1870s , the first regular public - transport ( omnibus ) line went over the bridge ( officially called `` Charles Bridge '' after 1870 ) later replaced by a horse tram . The bridge towers underwent a thorough reconstruction between 1874 and 1883 . </P> <P> On 2 -- 5 September 1890 , another disastrous flood struck Prague and severely damaged Charles Bridge . Thousands of rafts , logs and other floating materials that escaped from places upstream gradually formed a huge barrier leaning against the bridge . Three arches were torn down by the great pressure and two pillars collapsed from being undermined by the water , while others were partly damaged . With the fifth pillar , two statues -- St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Xavier , both by Ferdinand Brokoff -- also fell into the river . The former statue was replaced by a statuary of Saints Cyril and Methodius by Karel Dvořák ; the latter was replaced by a replica of the original . Repair works lasted for two years ( the bridge was reopened on 19 November 1892 ) and cost 665,000 crowns . </P> <H3> 20th century to present ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the beginning of the 20th century , Charles Bridge saw a steep rise of heavy traffic . The last day of the horse line on the bridge was 15 May 1905 , when it was replaced with an electric tram and later , in 1908 , with buses . At the end of World War II , a barricade was built in the Old Town bridge tower gateway . A capital repair of the bridge took place between 1965 and 1978 , based on a collaboration among various scientific and cultural institutes . The stability of the pillars was reassured , all broken stone blocks were replaced , and the asphalt top was removed . All vehicular traffic has been excluded from Charles Bridge since then , making it accessible by pedestrians only . The repair cost 50 million crowns . </P> <P> During the 1990s , some people started criticizing the previous reconstruction of the bridge and proposing further work . As of the beginning of the new millennium , most of the experts appeared to agree that the previous reconstruction had not been flawless but disputed the need for further interference with the bridge . However , after the disastrous floods of 2002 ( which themselves caused only minor harm to the bridge ) , support for an overall bridge reconstruction grew . It was decided that repair and stabilization of the two pillars ( numbers 8 and 9 ) on the Malá Strana side of the bridge would be done . These are the only river pillars that were not repaired after the 1890 floods . The reconstruction was a gradual process that closed off parts of the bridge without closing the span entirely . </P> <P> Performed from 2008 to 2010 , the work included bolstering the pillars and building a new hydroisolation system protecting the bridge . It also encompassed a re-pavimentation of the bridge 's pavement and the replacement of many of the stones in the bridge walls , a matter which was controversial due to a heavy - handed approach adopted by the restoration team , which had no previous experience in restoration of cultural heritage monuments . The result has been criticised by conservation professionals all over Europe ( see photos on external links ) , as dozens of new replacement stones do not match the historical ones they are next to , the amount of replaced stones is considered excessive , some stones have been inappropriately positioned , original stones have been chipped and joining materials employed are considered not appropriate for the structure . In 2010 UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee adopted a decision stating that `` the restoration of Charles Bridge was carried out without adequate conservation advice on materials and techniques '' . </P> Charles Bridge ( Karlův most ) , Vltava River , Prague , 2015 <H2> Statues on the bridge ( edit

The Charles Bridge is

What type of bridge is the charles bridge?

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Post -- World War II economic expansion - wikipedia <H1> Post -- World War II economic expansion </H1> Jump to : navigation , search In the United States and several other countries , the boom was manifested in suburban development and urban sprawl , aided by automobile ownership . <P> The post -- World War II economic expansion , also known as the postwar economic boom , the long boom , and the Golden Age of Capitalism , was a period of strong economic growth beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973 -- 75 recession . The United States , Soviet Union , Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth , together with full employment . Contrary to early predictions , this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war , such as Japan ( Japanese post-war economic miracle ) , West Germany and Austria ( Wirtschaftswunder ) , France ( Trente Glorieuses ) , Italy ( Italian economic miracle ) , Greece ( Greek economic miracle ) , Taiwan ( Taiwan Miracle ) and South Korea ( Miracle of the Han River ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Terminology </Li> <Li> 2 Timeline </Li> <Li> 3 Global economic climate </Li> <Li> 4 Causes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Productivity <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 New products and services </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Economic aftermath of war </Li> <Li> 4.3 Keynesian economics <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Infrastructure spending </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 Military spending </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.4 Financial repression </Li> <Li> 4.5 Wealth redistribution </Li> <Li> 4.6 Low oil prices </Li> <Li> 4.7 International cooperation <Ul> <Li> 4.7. 1 Institutional arrangements <Ul> <Li> 4.7. 1.1 US Council of Economic Advisers </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Specific countries <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Belgium </Li> <Li> 5.2 France </Li> <Li> 5.3 Italy </Li> <Li> 5.4 Japan </Li> <Li> 5.5 Soviet Union </Li> <Li> 5.6 Sweden </Li> <Li> 5.7 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 5.8 United States </Li> <Li> 5.9 West Germany </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Effects </Li> <Li> 7 Decline </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Terminology ( edit ) </H2> <P> In academic literature , the period is frequently referred to as the post -- World War II economic boom , though this term can refer to much shorter booms in particular markets . It is also known as the Long Boom , though this term is generic and can refer to other periods . The golden age of Capitalism is a common name for this period in both academic and economics books . </P> <P> The term is also used in other contexts . In older sources and occasionally in contemporary ones , Golden age of Capitalism can refer to the period of the Second Industrial Revolution from approximately 1870 to 1914 , which also saw rapid economic expansion . Yet another name for the quarter century following the end of World War II is the Age of Marx , though the Soviet Union 's economic statistics were not reliable during this period . </P> <H2> Timeline ( edit ) </H2> <P> Economist Roger Middleton states that economic historians generally agree on 1950 as the start date for the golden age , while Robert Skidelsky states 1951 is the most recognized start date . Both Skidelsky and Middleton have 1973 as the generally recognized end date , though sometimes the golden age is considered to have ended as early as 1970 . </P> <P> This long term business cycle ended with a number of events in the early 1970s : </P> <Ul> <Li> the collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary system in 1971 </Li> <Li> the growing international trade in manufactured goods , such as automobiles and electronics </Li> <Li> the 1973 oil crisis , </Li> <Li> the 1973 -- 1974 stock market crash , </Li> <Li> the ensuing 1973 -- 75 recession , and </Li> <Li> May Day 1975 the deregulation of fixed fees for trading stocks and market based commissions </Li> </Ul> <P> While this is the global period , specific countries experienced business expansions for different periods ; in Taiwan , the Taiwan Miracle lasted into the late 1990s , for instance , while in France the period is referred to as Trente Glorieuses ( 30 glorious ( years ) ) and is considered to extend for the 30 - year period from 1945 to 1975 . </P> <H2> Global economic climate ( edit ) </H2> In the United States , unemployment fluctuated during the 1950s , but dropped steadily during the 1960s . <P> OECD members enjoyed real GDP growth averaging over 4 % per year in the 1950s , and nearly 5 % per year in the 1960s , compared with 3 % in the 1970s and 2 % in the 1980s . </P> <P> Skidelsky devotes ten pages of his 2009 book Keynes : The Return of the Master to a comparison of the golden age to what he calls the Washington Consensus period , which he dates as spanning 1980 -- 2009 ( 1973 -- 1980 being a transitional period ) : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Metric </Th> <Th> Golden Age </Th> <Th> Washington Consensus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Average global growth </Td> <Td> 4.8 % </Td> <Td> 3.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unemployment ( US ) </Td> <Td> 4.8 % </Td> <Td> 6.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unemployment ( France ) </Td> <Td> 1.2 % </Td> <Td> 9.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unemployment ( Germany ) </Td> <Td> 3.1 % </Td> <Td> 7.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unemployment ( Great Britain ) </Td> <Td> 1.6 % </Td> <Td> 7.4 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Skidelsky suggests the high global growth during the golden age was especially impressive as during that period Japan was the only major Asian economy enjoying high growth ( Taiwan and South Korea at the time being small economies ) . It was not until later that the world had the exceptional growth of China raising the global average . Skidelsky also reports that inequality was generally decreasing during the golden age , whereas since the Washington Consensus was formed it has been increasing . </P> <P> Globally , the golden age was a time of unusual financial stability , with crises far less frequent and intense than before or after . Martin Wolf reports that between 1945 -- 71 ( 27 years ) the world saw only 38 financial crises , whereas from 1973 -- 97 ( 24 years ) there were 139 . </P> <H2> Causes ( edit ) </H2> Allied war bonds matured during these years , transferring cash from governments to private households . <H3> Productivity ( edit ) </H3> See also : Agricultural productivity <P> High productivity growth from before the war continued after the war and until the early 1970s . Manufacturing was aided by automation technologies such as feedback controllers , which appeared in the late 1930s were a fast - growing area of investment following the war . Wholesale and retail trade benefited from new highway systems , distribution warehouses , and material handling equipment such as forklifts and intermodal containers . Oil displaced coal in many applications , particularly in locomotives and ships . In agriculture , the post WW II period saw the widespread introduction of the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chemical fertilizers </Li> <Li> Tractors </Li> <Li> Combine harvesters </Li> <Li> High - yielding variety </Li> <Li> Pesticides </Li> </Ul> New products and services ( edit ) <P> Industries that were created or expanded during the post war period included television , commercial aviation and particularly in the US , computer technology . </P> <H3> Economic aftermath of War ( edit ) </H3> <P> Economists employing Marxian economic analysis and Crisis theory argue that the period of prosperity was a temporary phase in capitalist development fueled by a revival of capital stock , large pools of labor and raw materials , and technological innovation emerging from the end of the Second World War and the scale of defeats of the international working class . This era of prosperity helped prop up the perspective that the crises and business cycles inherent to capitalism could be solved through macroeconomic Keynesian policies , when in actuality the fundamental instabilities of capitalism had not been resolved . </P> <H3> Keynesian economics ( edit ) </H3> Many Western governments funded large infrastructure projects during this period . Here the redevelopment of Norrmalm and the Stockholm Metro , Sweden . <P> Keynesian economists argue that the post war expansion was caused by adoption of Keynesian economic policies . Naomi Klein has argued the high growth enjoyed by Europe and America was the result of Keynesian economic policies and in the case of rapidly rising prosperity that this post war period saw in parts of South America , by the influence of developmentalist economics led by Raúl Prebisch . </P> Infrastructure spending ( edit ) <P> One of Eisenhower 's enduring achievements was championing and signing the bill that authorized the Interstate Highway System in 1956 . He justified the project through the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 as essential to American security during the Cold War . It was believed that large cities would be targets in a possible war , hence the highways were designed to facilitate their evacuation and ease military maneuvers . </P> Military spending ( edit ) <P> Another explanation for this period is the theory of the permanent war economy , which suggests that the large spending on the military helped stabilize the global economy ; this has also been referred to as `` Military Keynesianism '' . </P> <H3> Financial repression ( edit ) </H3> <P> This period also saw financial repression -- low nominal interest rates and low or negative real interest rates ( nominal rates lower than inflation plus taxation ) , via government policy -- resulting respectively in debt servicing costs being low ( low nominal rates ) and in liquidation of existing debt ( via inflation and taxation ) . This allowed countries ( such as the US and UK ) to both deal with their existing government debt level and reduce the level of debt without needing to direct a high portion of government spending to debt service . </P> <H3> Wealth redistribution ( edit ) </H3> Historical federal marginal tax rates for income for the lowest and highest income earners in the US Real income in the United States by percentile , normalized to 2007 costs . All social classes grew wealthier during the 1950s and 1960s , but the lower percentiles have only seen marginal improvement since then . <P> Much property was destroyed in war . In the inter-war period , the Great Depression also caused investments to lose value . </P> <P> During both World Wars , progressive taxation and capital levies were introduced , with the generally - stated aim of distributing the sacrifices required by the war more evenly . While tax rates dipped between the wars , they did not return to pre-war levels . Top tax rates increased dramatically , in some cases tenfold . This had a significant effect on both income and wealth distributions . Such policies were commonly referred to as the `` conscription of income '' and `` conscription of wealth '' . </P> <P> `` a fundamental objection to the government 's policy of conscription is that it conscripts human life only , and that it does not attempt to conscript wealth ... '' -- Liberal party election platform , autumn 1917 , Canada </P> <P> The Economist opposed capital levies , but supported `` direct taxation heavy enough to amount to rationing of citizens ' incomes '' . Rationing of goods was also widely used , with the aim of distributing scarce resources efficiently . Rationing was widely done with ration stamps , a second currency that entitled the bearer to buy ( with regular money ) a certain amount

The main characteristic of post-World War II American society was

What was the main characteristic of post-world war ii american society?

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Earth 's orbit - wikipedia <H1> Earth 's orbit </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The Earth at different points in its orbit <P> Earth 's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun . The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km ( 92.96 million mi ) , and one complete orbit takes 365.256 days ( 1 sidereal year ) , during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km ( 584 million mi ) . Earth 's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167 . </P> <P> As seen from Earth , the planet 's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1 ° ( or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours ) eastward per solar day . Earth 's orbital speed averages about 30 km / s ( 108,000 km / h ; 67,000 mph ) , which is fast enough to cover the planet 's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours . </P> <P> From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth , Earth would appear to revolve in a counter clockwise direction around the Sun . From the same vantage point , both the Earth and the Sun would appear to rotate also in a counterclockwise direction about their respective axes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of study </Li> <Li> 2 Influence on Earth </Li> <Li> 3 Events in the orbit </Li> <Li> 4 Future </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of study ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Heliocentrism Heliocentric Solar System Heliocentrism ( lower panel ) in comparison to the geocentric model ( upper panel ) <P> Heliocentrism is the scientific model that first placed the Sun at the center of the Solar System and put the planets , including Earth , in its orbit . Historically , heliocentrism is opposed to geocentrism , which placed the Earth at the center . Aristarchus of Samos already proposed a heliocentric model in the 3rd century BC . In the 16th century , Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus presented a full discussion of a heliocentric model of the universe in much the same way as Ptolemy had presented his geocentric model in the 2nd century . This `` Copernican revolution '' resolved the issue of planetary retrograde motion by arguing that such motion was only perceived and apparent . `` Although Copernicus 's groundbreaking book ... had been ( printed ) over a century earlier , ( the Dutch mapmaker ) Joan Blaeu was the first mapmaker to incorporate his revolutionary heliocentric theory into a map of the world . '' </P> <H2> Influence on Earth ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Season <P> Because of Earth 's axial tilt ( often known as the obliquity of the ecliptic ) , the inclination of the Sun 's trajectory in the sky ( as seen by an observer on Earth 's surface ) varies over the course of the year . For an observer at a northern latitude , when the north pole is tilted toward the Sun the day lasts longer and the Sun appears higher in the sky . This results in warmer average temperatures , as additional solar radiation reaches the surface . When the north pole is tilted away from the Sun , the reverse is true and the weather is generally cooler . Above the Arctic Circle and below the Antarctic Circle , an extreme case is reached in which there is no daylight at all for part of the year . This is called a polar night . This variation in the weather ( because of the direction of the Earth 's axial tilt ) results in the seasons . </P> <H2> Events in the orbit ( edit ) </H2> <P> By astronomical convention , the four seasons are determined by the solstices -- the two points in the Earth 's orbit of the maximum tilt of the Earth 's axis , towards the Sun or away from the Sun -- and the equinoxes -- the two points in the Earth 's orbit where the Earth 's tilted axis and an imaginary line drawn from the Earth to the Sun are exactly perpendicular to one another . The solstices and equinoxes divide the year up into four approximately equal parts . In the northern hemisphere winter solstice occurs on or about December 21 ; summer solstice is near June 21 ; spring equinox is around March 20 ; and autumnal equinox is about September 23 . The effect of the Earth 's axial tilt in the southern hemisphere is the opposite of that in the northern hemisphere , thus the seasons of the solstices and equinoxes in the southern hemisphere are the reverse of those in the northern hemisphere ( e.g. the northern summer solstice is at the same time as the southern winter solstice ) . </P> <P> In modern times , Earth 's perihelion occurs around January 3 , and the aphelion around July 4 ( for other eras , see precession and Milankovitch cycles ) . The changing Earth -- Sun distance results in an increase of about 6.9 % in total solar energy reaching the Earth at perihelion relative to aphelion . Since the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun at about the same time that the Earth reaches the closest approach to the Sun , the southern hemisphere receives slightly more energy from the Sun than does the northern over the course of a year . However , this effect is much less significant than the total energy change due to the axial tilt , and most of the excess energy is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the southern hemisphere . </P> <P> The Hill sphere ( gravitational sphere of influence ) of the Earth is about 1,500,000 kilometers ( 0.01 AU ) in radius , or approximately 4 times the average distance to the moon . This is the maximal distance at which the Earth 's gravitational influence is stronger than the more distant Sun and planets . Objects orbiting the Earth must be within this radius , otherwise they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun . </P> <Table> Orbital characteristics <Tr> <Td> epoch </Td> <Td> J2000. 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> aphelion </Td> <Td> 152.10 × 10 ^ km ( 94.51 × 10 ^ mi ) 1.0167 AU </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> perihelion </Td> <Td> 147.10 × 10 ^ km ( 91.40 × 10 ^ mi ) 0.98329 AU </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> semimajor axis </Td> <Td> 149.60 × 10 ^ km ( 92.96 × 10 ^ mi ) 1.000001018 AU </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> eccentricity </Td> <Td> 0.0167086 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> inclination </Td> <Td> 7.155 ° to Sun 's equator 1.578690 ° to invariable plane </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> longitude of the ascending node </Td> <Td> 174.9 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> longitude of perihelion </Td> <Td> 102.9 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> argument of periapsis </Td> <Td> 288.1 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> period </Td> <Td> 365.256 363 004 days </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> average speed </Td> <Td> 29.78 km / s ( 18.50 mi / s ) 107,200 km / h ( 66,600 mph ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The following diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth 's elliptical orbit . The orbital ellipse goes through each of the six Earth images , which are sequentially the perihelion ( periapsis -- nearest point to the Sun ) on anywhere from January 2 to January 5 , the point of March equinox on March 19 , 20 , or 21 , the point of June solstice on June 20 , 21 , or 22 , the aphelion ( apoapsis -- farthest point from the Sun ) on anywhere from July 3 to July 5 , the September equinox on September 22 , 23 , or 24 , and the December solstice on December 21 , 22 , or 23 . The diagram shows an exaggerated shape of Earth 's orbit ; the actual orbit is less eccentric than pictured . </P> <P> Because of the axial tilt of the Earth in its orbit , the maximal intensity of Sun rays hits the Earth 23.4 degrees north of equator at the June Solstice ( at the Tropic of Cancer ) , and 23.4 degrees south of equator at the December Solstice ( at the Tropic of Capricorn ) . </P> <H2> Future ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Stability of the Solar System <P> Mathematicians and astronomers ( such as Laplace , Lagrange , Gauss , Poincaré , Kolmogorov , Vladimir Arnold , and Jürgen Moser ) have searched for evidence for the stability of the planetary motions , and this quest led to many mathematical developments and several successive `` proofs '' of stability for the Solar System . By most predictions , Earth 's orbit will be relatively stable over long periods . </P> <P> In 1989 , Jacques Laskar 's work indicated that the Earth 's orbit ( as well as the orbits of all the inner planets ) can become chaotic and that an error as small as 15 meters in measuring the initial position of the Earth today would make it impossible to predict where the Earth would be in its orbit in just over 100 million years ' time . Modeling the Solar System is a subject covered by the n - body problem . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Astronomy portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Astronomical unit </Li> <Li> Barycenter </Li> <Li> Earth 's axial tilt </Li> <Li> Earth 's rotation </Li> <Li> Geocentric orbit -- the orbit of any object orbiting the Earth , such as the Moon or an artificial satellite </Li> <Li> Satellite </Li> <Li> Space station </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Our planet takes about 365 days to orbit the Sun . A full orbit has 360 ° . That fact demonstrates that each day , the Earth travels roughly 1 ° in its orbit . Thus , the Sun will appear to move eastward across the sky relative to the stars by that same amount . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ For the Earth , the Hill radius is <Dl> <Dd> R H = a ( m 3 M ) 1 / 3 , ( \ displaystyle R_ ( H ) = a \ left ( ( \ frac ( m ) ( 3M ) ) \ right ) ^ ( 1 / 3 ) , ) </Dd> </Dl> where m is the mass of the Earth , a is an astronomical unit , and M is the mass of the Sun . So the radius in AU is about ( 1 3 ⋅ 332 946 ) 1 / 3 ≈ 0.01 ( \ displaystyle \ left ( ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( 3 \ cdot 332 \ , 946 ) ) \ right ) ^ ( 1 / 3 ) \ approx 0.01 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ All astronomical quantities vary , both secularly and periodically . The quantities given are the values at the instant J2000. 0 of the secular variation , ignoring all periodic variations . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : aphelion = a × ( 1 + e ) ; perihelion = a × ( 1 -- e ) , where a is the semi-major axis and e is the eccentricity . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The reference lists the longitude of perihelion , which is the sum of the longitude of the ascending node and the argument of perihelion . Subtracting from that ( 102.937 ° ) the node longitude of 174.873 ° gives − 71.936 ° .

The Earth orbits the Sun in a

Which way does the earth orbit the sun?

-7003244893871973796

Statue of Freedom - wikipedia <H1> Statue of Freedom </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Statue of Liberty . Statue of Freedom ( 1857 -- 62 ) <P> The Statue of Freedom , also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom , is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford ( 1814 -- 1857 ) that , since 1863 , has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington , D.C. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace , a U.S. government publication now states that the statue `` is officially known as the Statue of Freedom '' . The statue depicts a female figure bearing a military helmet and holding a sheathed sword in her right hand and a laurel wreath and shield in her left . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Design </Li> <Li> 2.2 Execution </Li> <Li> 2.3 Restoration </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Use of Freedom 's image </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Statue of Freedom is a colossal bronze standing figure 19 ⁄ feet ( 5.9 m ) tall and weighing approximately 15,000 pounds ( 6,800 kg ) . Her crest peaks at 288 feet ( 88 m ) above the east front plaza of the U.S. Capitol . She is a female , allegorical figure whose right hand holds the hilt of a sheathed sword , while a laurel wreath of victory and the Shield of the United States are clasped in her left hand . Her chiton is secured by a brooch inscribed `` U.S. '' and is partially covered by a heavy , Native American -- style fringed blanket thrown over her left shoulder . She faces east towards the main entrance of the building and the rising Sun . She wears a military helmet adorned with stars and an eagle 's head which is itself crowned by an umbrella - like crest of feathers . Although not actually called `` Columbia '' , she shares many of her iconic characteristics . Freedom stands atop a cast - iron globe encircled with one of the national mottoes , E pluribus unum . The lower part of the base is decorated with fasces and wreaths . Ten bronze points tipped with platinum are attached to her headdress , shoulders , and shield for protection from lightning . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Design ( edit ) </H3> <P> A monumental statue for the top of the national Capitol appeared in architect Thomas U. Walter 's original drawing for the new cast - iron dome , which was authorized in 1855 . Walter 's drawing showed the outline of a statue representing the Goddess of Liberty ; Crawford proposed instead an allegorical figure of Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace . </P> <P> Crawford was commissioned to design Freedom in 1854 and executed the plaster model for the statue in his studio in Rome . Mississippian U.S. Senator and U.S. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis ( who would later become President of the Confederacy ) was in charge of the Capitol construction and its decorations . According to David Hackett Fischer in his book Liberty and Freedom , Crawford 's statue was ... </P> <P> ... very close to Jefferson Davis 's ideas in every way but one ... . Above the crown he ( had ) added a liberty cap , the old Roman symbol of an emancipated slave . It seemed a direct affront to a militant slaveholder , and Jefferson Davis exploded with rage . The northern sculptor and the southern slaveholder had already clashed over a liberty cap in the interior decoration of the Capitol . </P> <P> Davis sent his aide , Captain Montgomery Meigs , with orders to remove the cap , saying that `` its history renders it inappropriate to a people who were born free and would not be enslaved '' . A military helmet , with an American eagle head and crest of feathers , replaced the cap in the sculpture 's final version . ( Today many casual observers take the statue , with its eagle and feathers , to be a Native American . ) </P> <H3> Execution ( edit ) </H3> <P> Crawford died in 1857 before the full - size plaster model left his studio . The model , packed into six crates , was shipped from Italy in a small sailing vessel in the spring of 1858 . During the voyage , the ship began to leak and stopped in Gibraltar for repairs . After leaving Gibraltar , the ship began leaking again to the point that it could go no farther than Bermuda , where the model was stored until other transportation could be arranged . Half of the crates finally arrived in New York City in December , but all sections were not in Washington , D.C. until late March 1859 . </P> <P> Beginning in 1860 , the statue was cast in five main sections by Clark Mills , whose bronze foundry was located on the outskirts of Washington . Work was halted in 1861 because of the Civil War , but by the end of 1862 , the statue was finished and temporarily displayed on the Capitol grounds . The cost of the statue , exclusive of installation , was $23,796.82 . </P> <P> While Freedom was being cast at Mills ' foundry , the foreman in charge of the casting went on strike . Instead of paying him the higher wages he demanded , Mills turned the project over to Philip Reid , one of the slaves working at the facility . Reid presided over the rest of the casting and assembly of the figure . Late in 1863 , construction of the dome was sufficiently advanced for the installation of the statue , which was hoisted by former slaves in sections and assembled atop the cast - iron pedestal . The final section , the figure 's head and shoulders , was raised on December 2 , 1863 , to a salute of 35 guns answered by the guns of the 12 forts around Washington , D.C. </P> <H3> Restoration ( edit ) </H3> The Statue of Freedom was removed from the dome for five months in 1993 . President Bill Clinton during the ceremony for the returning of the Statue of Freedom to the top of the Capitol <P> On May 9 , 1993 , after being in place almost 130 years , the statue was brought down from its pedestal by helicopter for restoration , giving tourists a chance to see the statue up close . The work was needed because of extensive pitting and corrosion on the surface of the bronze and because of a crack and rusting on the cast - iron pedestal . The United States Capitol Preservation Commission provided the $780,000 in privately raised funds . The work was performed by New Arts Foundry of Baltimore , Maryland . </P> <P> The cast - iron pedestal was restored in place atop the dome . The metal was stripped of paint , and the wreaths and fasces were removed to ensure that they were thoroughly cleaned and coated . The crack was permanently repaired , and the entire pedestal was primed and painted with a color specially mixed to match the statue . </P> Statue of Freedom 's plaster model in the Capitol Visitor Center . <P> Restoration of the statue and the pedestal was completed in approximately four months . The Statue of Freedom was returned to its pedestal by helicopter on October 23 , 1993 , amid the celebration of the bicentennial of the U.S. Capitol . Since then , every 2 -- 3 years , the statue undergoes two weeks of cleaning and recoating as necessary . </P> <P> The plaster model of the statue , in storage for 25 years , was reassembled and restored in the basement rotunda of the Russell Senate Office Building , where it was returned to permanent public display in January 1993 . The plaster model was relocated to the Emancipation Hall of the Capitol Visitor Center , which provides more visitors access to look at the statue 's details . </P> <H2> Use of Freedom 's image ( edit ) </H2> <P> The well - known Statue of Freedom has appeared on several official designs , akin to the Statue of Liberty . The head of the statue is depicted on a postage stamp ( 1923 , USA Scott No. 573 ) , which was re-issued in 2006 . The entire statue is depicted on a stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of Washington , D.C. ( 1950 , USA Scott No. 989 ) . </P> <P> It can also be found on the reverse side of the Iraq Campaign Medal decoration that was authorized to be awarded to members of the U.S. military who deployed to Iraq in direct support of the Iraq War . The Global War on Terrorism Civilian Service Medal also depicts the statue on the obverse ( front face ) of the medal . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> U.S. $5 postage , 1923 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Iraq Campaign Medal , 2004 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Series 1862 $5 - note </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of public art in Washington , D.C. , Ward 6 </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> This article incorporates public domain material from the Architect of the Capitol website http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/other-statues/statue-freedom . </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ United States Architect of the Capitol ( 1965 ) . Compilation of Works of Art and Other Objects in the United States Capitol . Washington , D.C. : United States Government Printing Office . p. 364 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/other-statues/statue-freedom </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Statue of Freedom '' . Architect of the Capitol . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Capitol Hill Facts Architect of the Capitol U.S. Capitol Building '' . Aoc.gov . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 02 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Architect of the Capitol Frequently Asked Questions '' . Architect of the Capitol . Retrieved 2009 - 01 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Statue of Freedom '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Literata ( 2011 ) . `` Columbia '' . The Order of the White Moon Goddess Gallery . Retrieved February 2 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fischer , David Hackett ( 2005 ) , Liberty and Freedom , Oxford University Press , p. 299 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Meigs to Crawford , cited in Fryd , Vivien Green ( 1992 ) , Art and Empire : The Politics of Ethnicity in the United States Capitol , 1815 - 1860 , New Haven , Connecticut : Yale University Press . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` PBS News Hour on Jan 16 , 2009 '' . 2009 - 01 - 16 . Retrieved 2013 - 12 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.aoc.gov/philip-reid-and-statue-freedom </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gale , Robert L. Thomas Crawford : American Sculptor . University of Pittsburgh Press , Pittsburgh , 1964 , p. 190 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` AOC To Begin Move of Statue of Freedom Model into Capitol Visitor Center '' ( Press release ) . Architect of the Capitol . 2008 - 06 - 02 . Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 10 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Aoc.gov : The Statue of Freedom webpage -- by the Architect of the Capitol . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Statue of Freedom ( United States Capitol ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> United States

On top of the US Capitol Building is

What is on top of us capitol building?

-6209397953683103736

! 21 </Td> <Td> John Cena </Td> <Td> WrestleMania 29 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> On the February 25 episode of Raw , Cena successfully defended his title shot against CM Punk . Cena went on to defeat The Rock for the WWE Championship . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 ! 22 </Td> <Td> Batista </Td> <Td> WrestleMania XXX </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Daniel Bryan defeated Triple H in the opening match , with the winner being inserted into the WWE World Heavyweight Championship match . Bryan defeated the champion Randy Orton and Batista in a triple threat match . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 ! 23 </Td> <Td> Roman Reigns </Td> <Td> WrestleMania 31 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Reigns successfully defended his title shot at Fastlane against Daniel Bryan . Reigns went on to challenge Brock Lesnar for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania 31 . During the match at WrestleMania , Seth Rollins cashed in his Money in the Bank contract , converting the singles match between Reigns and Lesnar into a triple threat match . Rollins pinned Reigns to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 ! 24 </Td> <Td> Randy Orton </Td> <Td> WrestleMania 33 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> As a member of the SmackDown brand , Orton earned himself a match for his brand 's WWE Championship . However , after his fellow Wyatt Family member Bray Wyatt won the championship at Elimination Chamber and retained it on the following SmackDown , Orton said he would not face Wyatt for the title at WrestleMania . On the February 28 episode of SmackDown , Orton reverted his decision and turned on Wyatt ; the following week , he defeated AJ Styles , who had become the new number one contender for the title , to re-earn his title shot against Wyatt at WrestleMania . At the event , Orton defeated Wyatt to win the WWE Championship . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 ! 25 </Td> <Td> Shinsuke Nakamura </Td> <Td> WrestleMania 34 </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Nakamura chose to stay on SmackDown and challenge AJ Styles for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania , where he ultimately lost the match . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note : There was no WrestleMania title opportunity for the winners of the 1992 and 2016 Royal Rumble matches . In 1992 , Ric Flair won the Royal Rumble match , which was for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship . In 2016 , Triple H won the Royal Rumble match in which Roman Reigns defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship . Both ultimately lost their championship defenses at WrestleMania ( to Randy Savage and Reigns , respectively ) . </P> <H3> Female Royal Rumble winner 's Championship opportunity </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Championship </Th> <Th> Wins </Th> <Th> Losses </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> WWE SmackDown Women 's Championship </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Winner </Th> <Th> Event </Th> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Championship match </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 ! 1 </Td> <Td> Asuka </Td> <Td> WrestleMania 34 </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Asuka decided to challenge Charlotte Flair for the SmackDown Women 's Championship , but lost the match , which ended her two - year undefeated streak . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Royal Rumble records </H2> <H3> Males </H3> Most Rumble victories <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Wrestler </Th> <Th> Royal Rumble wins </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stone Cold Steve Austin </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1997 , 1998 , 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hulk Hogan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1990 , 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shawn Michaels </Td> <Td> 1995 , 1996 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Triple H </Td> <Td> 2002 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Batista </Td> <Td> 2005 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Cena </Td> <Td> 2008 , 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Randy Orton </Td> <Td> 2009 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Most times being a Rumble runner - up <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Wrestler </Th> <Th> Times </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Roman Reigns </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 , 2017 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Big Show </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2000 , 2004 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shawn Michaels </Td> <Td> 1994 , 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Triple H </Td> <Td> 2008 , 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Cena </Td> <Td> 2005 , 2010 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Winners by entry number <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Wins </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1989 , 1993 , 1994 , 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2007 , 2008 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 1991 , 1998 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2013 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 2005 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 2002 , 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 2003 , 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1999 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1995 , 2004 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 1994 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Longest time spent in a single Royal Rumble <P> Top 20 individual longest times in a single Royal Rumble match . As of the 2018 Royal Rumble . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Wrestler </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rey Mysterio </Td> <Td> 1 : 02 : 12 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chris Benoit </Td> <Td> 1 : 01 : 31 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bob Backlund </Td> <Td> 1 : 01 : 10 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Triple H </Td> <Td> 1 : 00 : 16 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Chris Jericho </Td> <Td> 1 : 00 : 13 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Ric Flair </Td> <Td> 1 : 00 : 02 </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Roman Reigns </Td> <Td> 59 : 50 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Finn Bálor </Td> <Td> 57 : 30 </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Mr. McMahon </Td> <Td> 56 : 38 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stone Cold Steve Austin </Td> <Td> 56 : 38 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Kane </Td> <Td> 53 : 46 </Td> <Td> 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Rick Martel </Td> <Td> 52 : 17 </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> The Rock </Td> <Td> 51 : 32 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Chris Jericho </Td> <Td> 50 : 50 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Triple H </Td> <Td> 49 : 58 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Dolph Ziggler </Td> <Td> 49 : 47 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Rey Mysterio </Td> <Td> 49 : 24 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> CM Punk </Td> <Td> 49 : 11 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Seth Rollins </Td> <Td> 48 : 31 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Randy Orton </Td> <Td> 48 : 27 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note : bold indicates the winner of that year 's match </P> Longest cumulative time spent in Royal Rumbles <P> Only wrestlers who have spent more than 3 cumulative hours are shown . As of the 2018 Royal Rumble . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Wrestler </Th> <Th> Time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chris Jericho </Td> <Td> 4 : 56 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Triple H </Td> <Td> 4 : 00 : 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shawn Michaels </Td> <Td> 3 : 42 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Isaac Yankem / Diesel / Kane </Td> <Td> 3 : 38 : 46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Rey Mysterio </Td> <Td> 3 : 29 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Cody Rhodes / Stardust </Td> <Td> 3 : 08 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Randy Orton </Td> <Td> 3 : 01 : 40 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Shortest time spent in a single Royal Rumble <P> Only wrestlers who spent 10 seconds or less in a single rumble are shown . As of the 2018 Royal Rumble . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Wrestler </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Santino Marella </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 01 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Warlord </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 02 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sheamus </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 02 * </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mo </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 03 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Owen Hart </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 03 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Bushwhacker Luke </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 04 </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jerry Lawler </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 04 </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Titus O'Neil </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 04 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> The Godfather </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 05 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Gillberg </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 07 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Miz </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 07 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Montel Vontavious Porter </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 07 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Adam Rose </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 08 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Tazz </Td> <Td> 0 : 00 : 10 </Td> <Td> 2001 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> ( * ) - WWE 's official source mistakenly reports the time as 20 seconds . </P> Non-eliminated wrestlers <P> Several times , wrestlers were drawn to compete in the match but did not actually compete . Their participation is counted as zero seconds , with the exception of # 6 Hornswoggle : </P> <Ol> <Li> In 1991 , `` Macho King '' Randy Savage was drawn 18th , but no - showed due to leaving the building after costing Ultimate Warrior the WWF Championship against Sgt . Slaughter . </Li> <Li> In 1994 , Bastion Booger was drawn 25th , but no - showed due to suffering food poisoning before the match . </Li> <Li> In 1998 , Skull was drawn 22nd , but no - showed due to being attacked by Los Boricuas after being mistaken for Stone Cold Steve Austin . </Li> <Li> In 2004 , Spike Dudley was drawn 13th , but was attacked on the ramp by Kane . </Li> <Li> In 2005 , Scotty 2 Hotty was drawn 15th , but was attacked on the ramp by Muhammad Hassan . </Li> <Li> In 2008 , Hornswoggle was drawn 9th and eliminated The Miz , however he was n't brought into the ring until towards the end of the match by Mark Henry and was saved by

The record for the longest lasting participant in the Royal Rumble belongs to

Who lasted the longest in the royal rumble?

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List of largest lakes of the United States by area - wikipedia <H1> List of largest lakes of the United States by area </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The following is a list of the largest 100 lakes of the United States by normal surface area . The top twenty lakes in size are as listed by the National Atlas of the United States , a publication of the United States Department of the Interior . The area given is the normal or average area of the lake . The area of some lakes fluctuates substantially . For those lakes partially in Canada or Mexico the area given for the lake is the total area , not just the part of the lake in the United States . Of the top 100 lakes , 55 are man - made and 45 are natural . Three lakes in the top 100 are primarily salt water . </P> See also : List of largest lakes of the United States by volume <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> U.S. states / Canadian provinces / Mexican states </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> <Th> Type </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lake Superior </Td> <Td> Michigan - Minnesota - Wisconsin - Ontario </Td> <Td> 31,700 sq mi </Td> <Td> 82,103 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lake Huron </Td> <Td> Michigan - Ontario </Td> <Td> 23,000 sq mi </Td> <Td> 59,570 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lake Michigan </Td> <Td> Illinois - Indiana - Michigan - Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 22,300 sq mi </Td> <Td> 57,757 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lake Erie </Td> <Td> Michigan - New York - Ohio - Ontario - Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 9,910 sq mi </Td> <Td> 25,667 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lake Ontario </Td> <Td> New York - Ontario </Td> <Td> 7,340 sq mi </Td> <Td> 19,011 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Great Salt Lake </Td> <Td> Utah </Td> <Td> 2,117 sq mi </Td> <Td> 5,483 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> salt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Lake of the Woods </Td> <Td> Manitoba - Minnesota - Ontario </Td> <Td> 1,679 sq mi </Td> <Td> 4,349 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Iliamna Lake </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 1,014 sq mi </Td> <Td> 2,626 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Lake Oahe </Td> <Td> North Dakota - South Dakota </Td> <Td> 685 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,774 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Lake Okeechobee </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> 662 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,715 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Lake Pontchartrain </Td> <Td> Louisiana </Td> <Td> 631 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,634 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> salt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Lake Sakakawea </Td> <Td> North Dakota </Td> <Td> 520 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,347 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Lake Champlain </Td> <Td> New York - Vermont - Quebec </Td> <Td> 490 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,269 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Becharof Lake </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 453 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,173 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Lake St. Clair </Td> <Td> Michigan - Ontario </Td> <Td> 440 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,140 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Red Lake </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 427 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,106 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Selawik Lake </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 404 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,046 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Fort Peck Lake </Td> <Td> Montana </Td> <Td> 393 sq mi </Td> <Td> 1,018 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Salton Sea </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> 347 sq mi </Td> <Td> 899 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> salt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Rainy Lake </Td> <Td> Minnesota - Ontario </Td> <Td> 345 sq mi </Td> <Td> 894 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Devils Lake </Td> <Td> North Dakota </Td> <Td> 300.0 sq mi </Td> <Td> 777 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Toledo Bend Reservoir </Td> <Td> Louisiana - Texas </Td> <Td> 284 sq mi </Td> <Td> 736 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Lake Powell </Td> <Td> Arizona - Utah </Td> <Td> 251 sq mi </Td> <Td> 650 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Kentucky Lake </Td> <Td> Kentucky - Tennessee </Td> <Td> 250 sq mi </Td> <Td> 647 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Lake Mead </Td> <Td> Arizona - Nevada </Td> <Td> 247 sq mi </Td> <Td> 640 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Naknek Lake </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 242 sq mi </Td> <Td> 627 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Lake Winnebago </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 215 sq mi </Td> <Td> 557 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Mille Lacs Lake </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 207 sq mi </Td> <Td> 536 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Flathead Lake </Td> <Td> Montana </Td> <Td> 192 sq mi </Td> <Td> 497 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Lake Tahoe </Td> <Td> California - Nevada </Td> <Td> 191 sq mi </Td> <Td> 495 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> Pyramid Lake </Td> <Td> Nevada </Td> <Td> 183 sq mi </Td> <Td> 474 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> Sam Rayburn Reservoir </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> 179 sq mi </Td> <Td> 464 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Eufaula Lake </Td> <Td> Oklahoma </Td> <Td> 169 sq mi </Td> <Td> 438 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Lake Marion </Td> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> 165 sq mi </Td> <Td> 427 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Leech Lake </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 161 sq mi </Td> <Td> 417 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> Utah Lake </Td> <Td> Utah </Td> <Td> 151 sq mi </Td> <Td> 391 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Lake Francis Case </Td> <Td> South Dakota </Td> <Td> 149 sq mi </Td> <Td> 386 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Lake Pend Oreille </Td> <Td> Idaho </Td> <Td> 148 sq mi </Td> <Td> 383 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Lake Texoma </Td> <Td> Oklahoma - Texas </Td> <Td> 139 sq mi </Td> <Td> 360 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Yellowstone Lake </Td> <Td> Wyoming </Td> <Td> 136 sq mi </Td> <Td> 352 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Falcon Lake </Td> <Td> Tamaulipas - Texas </Td> <Td> 131 sq mi </Td> <Td> 339 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Lake Livingston </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> 130 sq mi </Td> <Td> 337 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Lake Roosevelt </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> 128 sq mi </Td> <Td> 332 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Lake Clark </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 120 sq mi </Td> <Td> 311 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Moosehead Lake </Td> <Td> Maine </Td> <Td> 117 sq mi </Td> <Td> 303 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> Lake Strom Thurmond </Td> <Td> Georgia - South Carolina </Td> <Td> 111 sq mi </Td> <Td> 287 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> Bear Lake </Td> <Td> Idaho - Utah </Td> <Td> 109 sq mi </Td> <Td> 282 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Lake Guntersville </Td> <Td> Alabama </Td> <Td> 108 sq mi </Td> <Td> 280 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> Lake St. Francis </Td> <Td> New York - Ontario - Quebec </Td> <Td> 105 sq mi </Td> <Td> 272 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Wheeler Lake </Td> <Td> Alabama </Td> <Td> 105 sq mi </Td> <Td> 272 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Amistad Lake </Td> <Td> Coahuila - Texas </Td> <Td> 102 sq mi </Td> <Td> 264 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> Klamath Lake </Td> <Td> Oregon </Td> <Td> 96 sq mi </Td> <Td> 249 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> Lake Moultrie </Td> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> 94 sq mi </Td> <Td> 243 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> Lake Winnibigoshish </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 91 sq mi </Td> <Td> 236 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> Lake Barkley </Td> <Td> Kentucky - Tennessee </Td> <Td> 91 sq mi </Td> <Td> 236 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> Lake Sharpe </Td> <Td> South Dakota </Td> <Td> 89 sq mi </Td> <Td> 231 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> American Falls Reservoir </Td> <Td> Idaho </Td> <Td> 88 sq mi </Td> <Td> 228 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Lake Hartwell </Td> <Td> Georgia - South Carolina </Td> <Td> 87 sq mi </Td> <Td> 225 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> Truman Reservoir </Td> <Td> Missouri </Td> <Td> 87 sq mi </Td> <Td> 225 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Lake of the Ozarks </Td> <Td> Missouri </Td> <Td> 86 sq mi </Td> <Td> 223 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> Oneida Lake </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 80 sq mi </Td> <Td> 207 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> Lake Cumberland </Td> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> 79 sq mi </Td> <Td> 205 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> Kerr Lake </Td> <Td> North Carolina - Virginia </Td> <Td> 78 sq mi </Td> <Td> 202 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> Calcasieu Lake </Td> <Td> Louisiana </Td> <Td> 77 sq mi </Td> <Td> 199 km </Td> <Td> natural </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> Lake Murray </Td> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> 75 sq mi </Td> <Td> 194 km </Td> <Td> man - made </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr>

The largest man-made lake in the US is

What is the largest man made lake in the us?

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Gabbar is Back - Wikipedia <H1> Gabbar is Back </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Gabbar Is Back </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Krish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sanjay Leela Bhansali </Li> <Li> Viacom 18 Motion Pictures </Li> <Li> Shabinaa Khan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Rajat Arora </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Ramanaa by A.R. Murugadoss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Akshay Kumar </Li> <Li> Shruti Haasan </Li> <Li> Suman Talwar </Li> <Li> Sunil Grover </Li> <Li> Jaideep Ahlawat </Li> <Li> Kareena Kapoor ( Cameo ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Songs : </Li> <Li> Chirantan Bhatt </Li> <Li> Yo Yo Honey Singh </Li> <Li> Manj Musik </Li> <Li> Background Score : </Li> <Li> Amar Mohile </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Nirav Shah </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Rajesh G. Pandey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Bhansali Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Viacom 18 Motion Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 May 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 01 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 2hr 01minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Hindi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> ₹ 72 crore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> ₹ 105.48 crore Worldwide </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Gabbar Is Back is a 2015 Indian vigilante film directed by Krish and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures . Featuring Akshay Kumar and Shruti Haasan in the lead roles , the film is a remake of the 2002 Tamil film Ramanaa , directed by A.R. Murugadoss , which was later remade in Telugu as Tagore in 2003 and in Kannada as Vishnu Sena in 2005 . Suman Talwar , Sunil Grover and Jaideep Ahlawat appear in supporting roles with Kareena Kapoor Khan in a cameo . The movie has garnered a good box office success and Akshay Kumar 's acting was critically praised . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Character map of remakes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The police get information that 10 tehsildars across Maharashtra have been mysteriously kidnapped . But they are mysteriously returned -- except the most corrupt officer , who is hanged in public . The police get a CD from mystery man ' Gabbar ' who says his mission is to target corrupt officers . Police driver Sadhuram ( Sunil Grover ) is convinced that he can crack the mystery of who is Gabbar -- but his superior officers humiliate and insult him in front of all the other officers . </P> <P> On his way home , Professor Aditya Singh Rajput ( Akshay Kumar ) is stopped by lawyer Shruti ( Shruti Haasan ) , who makes him drive her and a pregnant woman to the hospital , but the woman delivers in the car with Shruti 's help . When Shruti wants to thank Aditya for helping her , she finds he has already left . Sadhuram finds from the tehsil to the district offices that there 's one honest officer in each department . He is convinced that all these honest officers have a link to Gabbar . Shruti and Aditya become close and one day , she gets hit by a scooter and Aditya takes her to Patil Hospital . Although not badly injured , doctors at Patil Hospital insist on taking expensive tests and Aditya realizes how helpless patients and their families are fleeced and often , inhumanly treated . A poor woman mourns her deceased husband in the civil hospital nearby . Aditya tells her he 'll get her medical insurance . He deliberately checks in her dead husband as a patient to Patil Hospital . The hospital tries to swindle money out of Aditya by pretending to treat the already dead man , making Aditya pay heavily for tests and medicines . Aditya then shows them the death certificate , which proves that they knowingly admitted a dead man . The young owner of the hospital , Vikas Patil is furious when Aditya releases the video of the hospital 's corruption to the media . However , Vikas is brutally and mercilessly murdered by an angry mob . His father , a powerful builder Digvijay Patil ( Suman Talwar ) , sees Aditya in the hospital CCTV footage and is stunned to realize that this is the same man he had supposedly killed five years ago . </P> <P> Aditya and Shruti attend a wedding where Aditya remembers his late wife Sunaina ( Kareena Kapoor Khan ) and how they moved into a new apartment when they were expecting a baby . While Aditya was outside playing Holi , the buildings in the colony collapsed and killed hundreds of people , including his wife and unborn child . Aditya collected proof of the faulty buildings against builder Digivijay Patil , but Patil bribed everyone and no one was willing to hear Aditya out . Digvijay tried to bribe Aditya by offering Rs one crore to spare the matter but Aditya spurned the offer and beat Digvijay severely but the latter attacked him with an axe and thought his blows had killed Aditya . However , a bus full of medical students found the unconscious Aditya on a highway and save his life . He then decides to use the power of young , idealistic , honest youth and trains students at National College to join his cause . Meanwhile , Sadhuram finds out that all the honest officers attended National College for graduation . Shruti finds out Aditya as Gabbar and is shocked but when he tells her the truth , she supports his cause . </P> <P> CBI officer Kuldeep Pahwa ( Jaideep Ahlawat ) takes charge of the case and is mystified by the facts . He listens to Sadhuram 's findings and they arrest National College students . But even upon being beaten , the students do not divulge anything about Gabbar . Shruti tells Kuldeep that because the law does n't work , a vigilante like Gabbar is a hero for ordinary citizens today . Sadhuram changes his view of Gabbar . Patil kills an honest officer to terrorize others into passing his faulty building plans . The cops are sure that Gabbar will target Patil for this outrageous act -- and he does . Patil throws a birthday party for himself at his farmhouse . As he cuts the cake , he spots Aditya in the crowd . The next moment , Aditya and his gang kidnap him , all wearing similar masks . As police search the city for Patil in vain , Aditya takes him to Patil 's own mansion and tells him to call anyone to save himself -- but the Home Minister tells him to not involve him , so that Gabbar does n't come after him next . Aditya and Patil then have a violent clash and he kills Patil . </P> <P> Aditya goes to the police to hand himself over for the murders . He is given the death penalty but there are huge public protests and enraged students block his jail van . Officer Pahwa requests him to speak to the students and he does , telling them to channel their anger against corruption and be the change society needs . As Aditya is taken to be hanged , Shruti breaks down , but he leaves , smiling , asking the hangman , Tera kya hoga , Kaalia - quoting the famous dialogue of the character Gabbar from the film Sholay . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Shruti Haasan and Akshay Kumar during the film 's trailer launch . <Ul> <Li> Akshay Kumar as Professor Aditya Singh Rajput a.k.a. Gabbar </Li> <Li> Shruti Haasan as Shruti </Li> <Li> Kareena Kapoor Khan as Sunaina , Aditya 's late wife ( cameo appearance ) </Li> <Li> Suman Talwar as Digvijay Patil </Li> <Li> Sunil Grover as Police driver Sadhuram </Li> <Li> Jaideep Ahlawat as C.B.I Officer Kuldeep Pahwa </Li> <Li> Ishita Vyas as Veena </Li> <Li> Sonu Sood as Balbir Singh </Li> <Li> Raj Singh Arora as Govind Gawde </Li> <Li> Shruti Bapna as Lakshmi </Li> <Li> Ravi Prakash as Ravi </Li> <Li> Manoj Chandila as Vikas Patil , Digvijay 's son </Li> <Li> Ninad Kamat as Police Inspector </Li> <Li> Anuradha Chandan as Govind 's mother </Li> <Li> Narendra Jetly as Senior Doctor </Li> <Li> Afreen as Isha Dutta </Li> <Li> Saanvi Talwar as Reporter </Li> <Li> Sai Ballal as Chandrakant Gawde </Li> <Li> Chitrangada Singh Special appearance in an item song `` Aao Raja '' </Li> <Li> Jagdish Rajpurohit as Sub Inspector Yadav </Li> <Li> Shivraj Wahekar as Police Commissioner Pant </Li> <Li> Fareed Ahmed as Parvesh </Li> <Li> Vikas Shrivastav as Inspector Vikas </Li> <Li> Rajeev Kacho as Vishwas Sawant </Li> <Li> Anandeshwar Dwivedi as News reader </Li> <Li> Uttam Haldar as Ward boy </Li> <Li> Krishna Raaz as Shanti Nagpal </Li> <Li> Prateek Srivastava as Hari </Li> <Li> Chandraprakash Thakur as Thakur </Li> <Li> Ravi as Ravi </Li> <Li> Pradeep Shukla as Home Minister </Li> <Li> Kumud Shaw as Dr Kumud </Li> <Li> Jitendra Trehan as Dr Manoj Verma </Li> <Li> Sai Bilal as Chandrakant Gakwe </Li> <Li> Deepak Dhadwal as Principal , National College </Li> <Li> Ruby as Varsha </Li> </Ul> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Gabbar Is Back </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by <Ul> <Li> Chirantan Bhatt </Li> <Li> Yo Yo Honey Singh </Li> </Ul> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 20 April 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Feature Film Soundtrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 16 : 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Zee Music Company </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The songs of Gabbar Is Back are composed by Chirantan Bhatt , Yo Yo Honey Singh and Manj Musik , while the lyrics are written by Manoj Yadav , Kumaar , Sahil Kaushal , Manj Musik , Raftaar and Big Dhillon . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Lyrics </Th> <Th> Music </Th> <Th> Singers </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Teri Meri Kahaani '' </Td> <Td> Manoj Yadav </Td> <Td> Chirantan Bhatt </Td> <Td> Arijit Singh , Palak Muchhal </Td> <Td> 5 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Coffee Peetey Peetey '' </Td> <Td> Kumaar </Td> <Td> Chirantan Bhatt </Td> <Td> Dev Negi , Paroma Das Gupta </Td> <Td> 3 : 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Aao Raja '' </Td> <Td> Sahil Kaushal </Td> <Td> Yo Yo Honey Singh </Td> <Td> Neha Kakkar , Yo Yo Honey Singh , Teflon </Td> <Td> 4 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Warna Gabbar Aa Jayega '' </Td> <Td> Manj Musik , Raftaar , Big Dhillon </Td> <Td> Manj Musik </Td> <Td> Manj Musik , Raftaar </Td> <Td> 2 : 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 16 : 02 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Critical response ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bollywood Hungama rated the film 3 stars out of 5 , writing that `` On the whole , Gabbar Is Back

Gabbar is Back is a remake of the Telugu movie

Gabbar is back is a remake of which telugu movie?

1851581313011537898

Peggy Wood - wikipedia <H1> Peggy Wood </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the chess player , see Peggy Wood ( chess ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Peggy Wood </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Photograph of Peggy Wood , c. 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Mary Margaret Wood ( 1892 - 02 - 09 ) February 9 , 1892 Brooklyn , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> March 18 , 1978 ( 1978 - 03 - 18 ) ( aged 86 ) Stamford , Connecticut , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress , Singer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1910 -- 69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Weaver ( m . 1924 ; d . 1938 ) William Walling ( m . 1946 ; d . 1973 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mary Margaret `` Peggy '' Wood ( February 9 , 1892 -- March 18 , 1978 ) was an American actress of stage , film , and television . She is best remembered for her performance as the title character in the CBS television series Mama ( 1949 -- 1957 ) , for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series ; her starring role as Naomi , Ruth 's mother - in - law , in The Story of Ruth ( 1960 ) ; and her final screen appearance as Mother Abbess in The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early career </Li> <Li> 2 Later career </Li> <Li> 3 Last appearances </Li> <Li> 4 Personal life </Li> <Li> 5 Death </Li> <Li> 6 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Film </Li> <Li> 6.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Stage ( partial list of appearances ) </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early career ( edit ) </H2> Peggy Wood and Charles Purcell in the original Broadway production of Maytime ( 1917 ) <P> Wood was born in Brooklyn , New York , the daughter of Eugene Wood , a journalist , and Mary Gardner , a telegraph operator . She was a direct descendant of Daniel Boone . </P> <P> Wood was an early member of the Actors ' Equity Association , spending nearly 50 years on the stage , beginning in the chorus and becoming known as a Broadway singer and star . She made her stage debut in 1910 , as part of the chorus for Naughty Marietta . In 1917 , she starred in Maytime , in which she introduced the song `` Will You Remember '' . She starred in several other musicals before playing the role of Portia in a 1928 production of The Merchant of Venice . From the late 1920s until the late 1930s , Wood had lead roles in musicals staged in London and New York . </P> <P> She was a member of the Algonquin Round Table . </P> <H2> Later career ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1941 , she starred in the New York premiere of Blithe Spirit as Ruth Condomine , whose husband is tormented by the ghost of his deceased first wife . Wood did not star in many films . Her few film appearances include roles in Jalna , A Star is Born , Call It a Day , The Housekeeper 's Daughter , The Bride Wore Boots , Magnificent Doll , and Dream Girl . </P> <P> From 1949 to 1957 , she played matriarch Marta Hansen in the popular CBS - TV series Mama , based on the 1943 Broadway play and 1948 film I Remember Mama . When General Foods cancelled the program , there was so much protest that CBS brought it back on Sunday afternoon , this time as a filmed series . As the network did not have all the affiliate station clearances that were needed , the show was put into syndication , where it was a huge success . 26 episodes were filmed . Following `` Mama '' , Wood was also seen in episodes of Zane Grey Theatre and The Nurses . </P> <P> She co-starred with comedian Imogene Coca on Broadway in The Girls in 509 . In October 1963 , she and Ruth Gates appeared in a one - act play , Opening Night , which played in off - Broadway . Wood portrayed Fanny Ellis , a once famous star who prepares for a performance ; the play lasted 47 performances . Ruth Gates was Aunt Jenny on the `` Mama '' series with Wood . </P> <H2> Last appearances ( edit ) </H2> <P> She returned to movies in the 1960 CinemaScope production The Story of Ruth in a co-starring role , as what she referred to in her own book as a `` blonde , blue - eyed Jewess '' . </P> <P> Her final screen appearance was as the gentle , wise Mother Abbess in The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture . She was thrilled to be in the movie although she knew that she could no longer sing `` Climb Ev'ry Mountain '' . She was dubbed ( for singing ) by Margery McKay . In her autobiography , Marni Nixon , who appeared in the film as Sister Sophia , said Peggy especially liked McKay 's singing voice because she sounded as Peggy did in her younger days . </P> <P> In 1969 , Wood joined the cast of the ABC - TV soap , One Life to Live as Dr. Kate Nolan and had a recurring role until the end of the year . </P> <P> Her first autobiography , How Young You Look , was published by Farrar and Rinehart in 1941 . An update , Arts and Flowers , appeared in 1963 . She also wrote a biography of actor John Drew , Jr. , as well as a novel called The Star Wagon and was a co-author of a play called Miss Quis . </P> <P> Wood received numerous awards for her theatrical work and for a while was president of the American National Theater and Academy ( ANTA ) . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Wood was married and widowed twice . Her first husband ( poet / writer John V.A. Weaver ) died at the age of 44 . She gave birth to their son ( David Weaver ) in 1927 at the age of 32 . Her second husband ( in 1946 William H. Walling ) was an executive in the printing business who died in 1973 . They were married for 27 years . She was a devout Episcopalian and a member of the Episcopal Actors Guild . </P> <H2> Death ( edit ) </H2> <P> Wood died on March 18 , 1978 , in Stamford , Connecticut , following a stroke . She was 86 years old . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1919 </Td> <Td> Almost a Husband </Td> <Td> Eva McElwyn </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> Wonder of Women </Td> <Td> Brigitte </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> Handy Andy </Td> <Td> Ernestine Yates </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1935 </Td> <Td> The Right to Live </Td> <Td> Nurse Wayland </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jalna </Td> <Td> Meg Whiteoaks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> Call It a Day </Td> <Td> Ethel Francis </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A Star Is Born </Td> <Td> Miss Phillips - Central Casting Clerk </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1939 </Td> <Td> The Housekeeper 's Daughter </Td> <Td> Olga </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> The Bride Wore Boots </Td> <Td> Grace Apley </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Magnificent Doll </Td> <Td> Mrs. Payne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Dream Girl </Td> <Td> Lucy Allerton </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> The Story of Ruth </Td> <Td> Naomi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> The Sound of Music </Td> <Td> Virgilia The Reverend Mother Abbess </Td> <Td> Nominated -- Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated -- Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> The Philco Television Playhouse </Td> <Td> Mrs. Oliver Jordan </Td> <Td> episode : Dinner at Eight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> The Philco Television Playhouse </Td> <Td> Florence McDavid </Td> <Td> episode : Dark Hammock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> Pulitzer Prize Playhouse </Td> <Td> Gladys </Td> <Td> episode : The Skin of Our Teeth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 -- 1957 </Td> <Td> Mama </Td> <Td> Mama Marta Hansen </Td> <Td> 10 episodes Nominated -- Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actress ( 1953 ) Nominated -- Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Dramatic Series ( 1957 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> Zane Grey Theatre </Td> <Td> Sarah Jolland </Td> <Td> episode : The Bitter Land </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> The United States Steel Hour </Td> <Td> Lillian Granet </Td> <Td> episode : Seed of Guilt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Dr. Kildare </Td> <Td> Katie Harris </Td> <Td> episode : An Ancient Office </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> The Doctors and the Nurses </Td> <Td> Marcella Higgins </Td> <Td> episode : The Saturday Evening of Time </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> For the People </Td> <Td> Mrs. Murray </Td> <Td> episode : The Killing of One Human Being </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> One Life to Live </Td> <Td> Dr. Kate Nolan </Td> <Td> Unknown episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Stage ( partial list of appearances ) ( edit ) </H2> Peggy Wood in Buddies ( 1919 ) <Ul> <Li> The Lady of the Slipper ( 1912 ) </Li> <Li> Love O ' Mike ( 1917 ) </Li> <Li> Maytime ( 1917 ) </Li> <Li> Buddies ( 1919 ) </Li> <Li> Marjolaine ( 1922 ) </Li> <Li> The Clinging Vine ( 1922 ) </Li> <Li> Bitter Sweet ( 1929 ) </Li> <Li> Champagne , Sec ( 1934 ) </Li> <Li> Old Acquaintance ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Blithe Spirit ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> The Girls in 509 ( 1958 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Great Stars of the American Stage by Daniel Blum Profile # 105 ; c. 1952 ( with this being the 1954 2nd edition ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Members of the Algonquin Round Table </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Great Stars of the American Stage , A Pictorial Record by Daniel Blum c. 1954 2nd Edition Profile # 105 , on Peggy Wood ; ( * there are no page numbers to Blum 's book , all artists articles are listed as ' Profiles ' ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://littlechurch.org/#/who-we-are/episcopal-actors-guild </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Biography portal </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peggy Wood . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Peggy Wood on IMDb </Li> <Li> Peggy Wood at the Internet Broadway Database </Li> <Li> Peggy Wood at the Internet Off - Broadway Database </Li> <Li> Peggy Wood at Find a Grave </Li> <Li> Peggy Wood portrait gallery at NY Public Library Billy Rose Collection </Li> <Li> 1916 portrait

The role of the Reverend Mother in the movie "The Sound of Music" was played by

Who played the reverend mother in sound of music?

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Marceline the Vampire Queen - wikipedia <H1> Marceline the Vampire Queen </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the character . For the episode , see Stakes ( miniseries ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Marceline the Vampire Queen </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Adventure Time character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Marceline , as she appears in the show 's intro </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> `` Evicted ! '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Pendleton Ward </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voiced by </Th> <Td> Olivia Olson Ava Acres ( child ) Cloris Leachman ( old lady ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> Marceline Abadeer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> Marcy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Half - Demon , Half - Human , Vampire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Female </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Td> The Vampire Queen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Hunson Abadeer ( Father ) Unnamed mother </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Marceline the Vampire Queen is a character in the American animated television series Adventure Time created by Pendleton Ward . She is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances , by Ava Acres as a child and by Cloris Leachman as an old woman . Marceline is a fun - loving 1,000 - year - old vampire queen . The artistic design for Marceline was created by Ward , with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda , former lead - character designer and prop designer for Adventure Time . Unlike a traditional vampire , Marceline does not need to drink blood to survive ; rather , she eats the color red . Marceline is a musician who plays an electric bass that she made from her family 's heirloom battle - axe . </P> <P> The character makes her debut in the first season episode `` Evicted ! '' and initially functions as an trickster antagonist , forcing Finn and Jake from their home . However , as the series progresses , Marceline becomes a close friend to Finn and Jake . Several backstory episodes have established that she was born to an unnamed human mother ( voiced by Rebecca Sugar ) and the demon Hunson Abadeer ( voiced by Olivia 's real - life father , Martin Olson ) . Furthermore , when she was a child , the cataclysmic Mushroom War occurred , and soon after she developed a father - daughter - like bond with Simon Petrikov ( voiced by Tom Kenny ) , who would one day turn into the Ice King . </P> <P> Marceline has been critically acclaimed and is popular with fans of Adventure Time . The character was also the focus of a miniseries entitled Stakes ( 2015 ) , which aired during the show 's seventh season . Early in the show 's history , Ward himself has stated that Marceline is his favorite character in the series because he does not know everything about her history and backstory , which he noted adds a mysterious element to her character . Despite the positivity , the episodes `` What Was Missing '' and `` Sky Witch '' became somewhat controversial because of an implied past relationship between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Creation and design </Li> <Li> 2 Appearances <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Other </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Characteristics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Personality and traits </Li> <Li> 3.2 Relationships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Relationship controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Creation and design ( edit ) </H2> Marceline is voiced by Olivia Olson . <P> Marceline is one of the major characters in Adventure Time . Although she did not appear in the series ' pilot , the groundwork for her design and character were present in the series pitch book , penned by series creator Pendleton Ward . Ward purposely set out to make Marceline 's character complex , as he explained that `` with the female characters it 's easy to either write them as clichés or write them as the extreme opposite of those clichés ( ... ) I just try to make them have faults and strengths just like Finn and Jake have . '' </P> <P> Marceline is voiced by Olivia Olson . Olivia 's father Martin Olson was an acquaintance of Ward , and Olivia was encouraged to audition for Adventure Time after Ward told her father that he wanted `` her as a voice '' on his show . She had originally auditioned for the role of Princess Bubblegum . After her initial audition , she was asked to read for the role of Marceline , and was `` definitely impressed by the character '' after seeing design drawings . Martin Olson later noted that Olivia 's audition was a `` sham '' to please the network executives because Ward had already wanted her to be a voice on the show . In order to get into character , Olson often dresses in a manner similar to Marceline when she records her lines ; she explained , `` I always find ... that on the days that I go in to record Marceline , I 'll dress like her , in a weird way ... I 'll throw on some rock n ' roll boots , maybe some red lipstick , and just go in there . '' Olson also is the character 's singing voice . According to storyboard artist Cole Sanchez , composers Casey James Basichis and Tim Kiefer produce the bass music that the character performs in the series . Many of the songs written for Marceline were uploaded onto the internet by the writers as well as the production company . For instance , Rob Sugar -- the father of former storyboard artist Rebecca Sugar -- often uploaded demos of songs written for Marceline by Rebecca . Furthermore , Frederator also posted demos , as well as a full version of the popular `` Fry Song '' , sung by Marceline in the episode `` It Came from the Nightosphere '' , on its official blog . In flashback sequences , younger Marceline is voiced by Ava Acres . In the fifth season episodes `` Finn the Human '' / `` Jake the Dog '' , an older , alternate universe version of the character is voiced by Cloris Leachman . Martin Olson also provides the voice for Marceline 's demonic father Hunson Abadeer . Olivia Olson later noted that the opportunity to voice act with her father was `` pretty cool '' . </P> <P> The design for Marceline was created by Ward , with small changes and additions added by Phil Rynda , former lead character and prop designer for Adventure Time . Visually , Marceline has long , dark hair . She rarely walks on the ground , generally preferring to float when she travels , moves , and sleeps . Marceline , unlike many of the other characters , wears varying outfits in most of her appearances . According to Ward , her clothing changes from episode to episode because `` girls own more than one outfit '' . Olson was impressed by her character 's fashion design stating , `` she has really cool style ( ... ) I love what they come up with ( in ) every episode . '' Olson explained that when she goes in to record the voices for each episode , she is `` totally surprised '' by the costuming for Marceline . While she says her lines , she is able to view the animatics for the episode and sometimes has to stop to admire the unique designs . Marceline 's physical size and shape slightly changes depending on who is drawing her . Rynda later called this `` one of the coolest parts '' about the character 's animation due to the fact that `` every artist leaves a little bit of their own taste and sensibilities in what they draw . '' </P> <H2> Appearances ( edit ) </H2> <P> Roughly a thousand years prior to the events of the series , Marceline was born to a demon lord named Hunson Abadeer ( voiced by Martin Olson ) and a human woman ( voiced by Rebecca Sugar ) . Abadeer is the ruler of the Nightosphere -- a Hell - like demon dimension -- and subsists on the souls of sentient beings . For some reason , Marceline was left abandoned on Earth in events immediately following the Mushroom War , a mysterious war that ravaged the earth one thousand years prior to events of the series . During this time , Simon Petrikov -- the name of the Ice King before he was overcome by the evil power of his crown -- found Marceline in the ruins of a city and gave her a stuffed animal named Hambo to cheer her up . The two developed a caring relationship , although the crown took a toll on Simon 's mental health , forcing him to leave Marceline alone . During this period in her life , she was reunited with her father , only to be disgusted by his cold and heartless ways . Although she attempted to tolerate his evil and selfish antics , she eventually severed all ties with Abadeer after she discovered him eating fries that she had made for herself . In the following years , Marceline roamed the land of Ooo and eventually befriended a tribe of humans . She became their guardian and ally , and she helped them kill vampires , who had taken over much of the land . Marceline soon discovered that , upon killing a vampire , she was able to acquire their unique abilities thanks to her demonic power to absorb souls . However , when she tried to fight the Vampire King himself , she was bitten . Although she eventually managed to slay him , she was turned in the process . At some point , she began a romantic relationship with a magician named Ash . The two would move into the Tree Fort , but their relationship would come to an end . Presumably , around this time , Marceline befriended Princess Bubblegum , the sovereign of the Candy Kingdom ; the two would often avoid official royal meetings and explore the Candy Kingdom 's elaborate rock candy mining complex . Eventually , due largely to the mounting stress of running her kingdom , Bubblegum pushed Marceline away , leaving an animosity between the two that lasted for a while . </P> <P> In the series ' present , Marceline eventually comes into contact with Finn and Jake in the first season episode `` Evicted ! '' , when she forces them from their home . In the episode `` Henchman '' , Marceline tricks Finn into becoming her accomplice , but Finn soon discovers that she is not evil , but rather fond of mischief and pranks , and the two develop a friendship . In the second season premiere `` It Came From the Nightosphere '' , Abadeer is accidentally summoned to Ooo by Finn . While Abadeer ravages the land , Finn discovers that there is animosity between Marceline and her father . Finn manages to distract Abadeer by playing a recording of Marceline 's `` Fry Song '' , which leads to a brief moment of reconciliation between the two before Finn sends him back to the Nightosphere . In the third season episode `` Memory of a Memory '' , Ash attempts to rekindle his former relationship with Marceline via trickery . Disguised as Marceline 's `` spirit animal '' , he tricks Finn and Jake into believing that Marceline has fallen asleep due to a sleep spell that has been self - inflicted . Following Ash 's advice , the two enter into Marceline 's mind to retrieve

The voice of Marceline on Adventure Time is voiced by Olivia Olson in most appearances, by Ava Acres as a child, and by

Who does the voice of marceline on adventure time?

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periodic clashes , such as a sit - down strike in Vancouver that ended with `` Bloody Sunday . '' These developments had far - reaching consequences in shaping the postwar environment , including the domestic cold war climate , the rise of the welfare state , and the implementation of an institutional framework for industrial relations . </P> <H3> Women ( edit ) </H3> <P> Women 's primary role were as housewives ; without a steady flow of family income , their work became much harder in dealing with food and clothing and medical care . The birthrates fell everywhere , as children were postponed until families could financially support them . The average birthrate for 14 major countries fell 12 % from 19.3 births per thousand population in 1930 , to 17.0 in 1935 . In Canada , half of Roman Catholic women defied Church teachings and used contraception to postpone births . </P> <P> Among the few women in the labor force , layoffs were less common in the white - collar jobs and they were typically found in light manufacturing work . However , there was a widespread demand to limit families to one paid job , so that wives might lose employment if their husband was employed . </P> <P> Housewives updated strategies their mothers used when they were growing up in poor families . Cheap foods were used , such as soups , beans and noodles . They purchased the cheapest cuts of meat -- sometimes even horse meat -- and recycled the Sunday roast into sandwiches and soups . They sewed and patched clothing , traded with their neighbors for outgrown items , and made do with colder homes . New furniture and appliances were postponed until better days . These strategies show that women 's domestic labor -- cooking , cleaning , budgeting , shopping , childcare -- was essential to the economic maintenance of the family and offered room for economies . Many women also worked outside the home , or took boarders , did laundry for trade or cash , and did sewing for neighbors in exchange for something they could offer . Extended families used mutual aid -- extra food , spare rooms , repair - work , cash loans -- to help cousins and in - laws . </P> <P> Women held 25 - 30 % of the jobs in the cities . Few women were employed in heavy industry , railways or construction . Many were household workers or were employed in restaurants and family - owned shops . Women factory workers typically handled clothing and food . Educated women had a narrow range of jobs , such as clerical work and teaching . It was expected that a woman give up a good job when she married . Srigley emphasizes the wide range of background factors and family circumstances , arguing that `` gender '' itself was typically less important than race , ethnicity , or class . </P> <H3> Teachers ( edit ) </H3> <P> School budgets were cut across the country , although enrollments went up and up because dropouts could not find jobs . To save money the districts consolidated nearby schools , dropped staff lines , postponed new construction , and increased class size . Middle - class well - educated teachers were squeezed by the financial crisis facing their employers . In Ontario , new teachers were not hired so the average age and experience increased . However , their salaries fell and men who otherwise would have taken higher status business jobs increasingly competed against women . Married women were not hired on the grounds it was unfair for one family to have two scarce jobs that breadwinners needed . Women teachers , who had made major gains in the 1910 - 20 era , saw themselves discriminated against . The teacher 's unions were practically helpless in the crisis , even in Ontario where they were strongest . After prosperity returned in the 1940s , however , money was available again , there was a shortage of teachers , and the unions proved more effective . For example , in Quebec , the Corporation Général des Instituteurs et des Institutrices Catholics ( CIC ) was founded in 1946 ( it became the Centrale de l'Enseignement du Québec ( CEQ ) in 1967 ) . It sought higher pensions and salaries and better working conditions , while insisting the teachers were full - fledged professionals . In remote rural areas professionalization was uncommon ; local school boards tightly controlled the one - room schools , typically hiring local women with a high school education or a year at university as teachers , so their meagre salaries would remain in the community . </P> <H3> Labour policy ( edit ) </H3> <P> Case studies of four Canadian textile firms -- two cotton and two hosiery and knitting -- demonstrate the range of business response to the economic crisis . Each faced a different array of conditions , and each devised the appropriate restructuring strategies . The large corporations responded by investing in more expensive machinery and automation , hiring less skilled workers to tend the automated equipment , and tweaking their product lines to changing consumer tastes . However the smaller hosiery and knitting firms lacked the capital to invest or the research needed to monitor consumer tastes . They used time - tested `` Taylorized '' scientific management or made piecemeal changes . Power shifted upward to management , as strikes were too risky in the early 1930s and the opportunity to find a better job had drastically narrowed . By 1935 , however , the influence of militant American unions spilled over the border and Canadian unions became more forceful and harmonious . The activity was most notable in Ontario 's automobile factories , beginning in Windsor in late 1936 , where the new Automobile Workers of America ( UAW ) chartered its first Canadian local at the Kelsey - Hayes factory . </P> <H2> World trade ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Stock Market crash in New York led people to hoard their money ; as consumption fell , the American economy steadily contracted , 1929 - 32 . Given the close economic links between the two countries , the collapse quickly affected Canada . Added to the woes of the prairies were those of Ontario and Quebec , whose manufacturing industries were now victims of overproduction . Massive lay - offs occurred and other companies collapsed into bankruptcy . This collapse was not as sharp as that in the United States , but was the second sharpest collapse in the world . </P> <P> Canada did have some advantages over other countries , especially its extremely stable banking system that had no failures during the entire depression , compared to over 9,000 small banks that collapsed in the United States . </P> <P> Canada was hurt badly because of its reliance on base commodities , whose prices fell by over 50 % , and because of the importance of international trade . In the 1920s about 25 % of the Canadian Gross National Product was derived from exports . The first reaction of the U.S. was to raise tariffs via the Smoot - Hawley Tariff Act , passed into law June 17 , 1930 . This hurt the Canadian economy more than most other countries in the world , and Canada retaliated by raising its own rates on American exports and by switching business to the Empire . </P> <P> In an angry response to Smoot -- Hawley , Canada welcomed the British introduction of trade protectionism and a system of Commonwealth preference during the winter of 1931 - 32 . It helped Canada avoid external default on their public debt during the Great Depression . Canada had a high degree of exposure to the international economy , which left Canada susceptible to any international economic downturn . The onset of the depression created critical balance of payment deficits , and it was largely the extension of imperial protection by Britain that gave Canada the opportunity to increase their exports to the British market . By 1938 Britain was importing more than twice the 1929 volume of products from Australia , while the value of products shipped from Canada more than doubled , despite the dramatic drop in prices . Thus , the British market played a vital role in helping Canada and Australia stabilize their balance of payments in the immensely difficult economic conditions of the 1930s . </P> <H2> Government reaction ( edit ) </H2> <P> At the Depression , the provincial and municipal governments were already in debt after an expansion of infrastructure and education during the 1920s . It thus fell to the federal government to try to improve the economy . When the Depression began Mackenzie King was Prime Minister . He believed that the crisis would pass , refused to provide federal aid to the provinces , and only introduced moderate relief efforts . The government 's reaction to The Great Depression is the focus of the 2013 documentary Catch The Westbound Train from Prairie Coast Films . </P> <H3> New Deal ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Bennett Government , which defeated Mackenzie King in the 1930 election , initially refused to offer large - scale aid or relief to the provinces , much to the anger of provincial premiers , but it eventually gave in and started a Canadian `` New Deal '' type of relief by 1935 . By 1937 , the worst of the Depression had passed , but it left its mark on the country 's economic landscape . Atlantic Canada was especially hard hit . Newfoundland ( an independent dominion at the time ) was bankrupt economically and politically and gave up responsible government by reverting to direct British control . </P> <P> World War I veterans built on a history of postwar political activism to play an important role in the expansion of state - sponsored social welfare in Canada . Arguing that their wartime sacrifices had not been properly rewarded , veterans claimed that they were entitled to state protection from poverty and unemployment on the home front . The rhetoric of patriotism , courage , sacrifice , and duty created powerful demands for jobs , relief , and adequate pensions that should , veterans argued , be administered as a right of social citizenship and not a form of charity . At the local , provincial , and national political levels , veterans fought for compensation and recognition for their war service , and made their demands for jobs and social security a central part of emerging social policy . </P> Blaming it on Bennett : A 1931 political cartoon suggests that Liberals had failed to take responsibility for their own errors . <P> The Liberal Party lost the 1930 election to the Conservative Party , led by R.B. Bennett . Bennett , a successful western businessman , campaigned on high tariffs and large - scale spending . Make - work programs were begun , and welfare and other assistance programs became vastly larger . This led to a large federal deficit , however . Bennett became wary of the budget shortfalls by 1932 , and cut back severely on federal spending . This only deepened the depression as government employees were put out of work and public works projects were cancelled . </P> <P> One of the greatest burdens on the government was the Canadian National Railway ( CNR ) . The federal government had taken over a number of defunct and bankrupt railways during World War I and the 1920s . The debt the government assumed was over $2 billion , a massive sum at the time , but during the boom years it seemed payable . The Depression turned this debt into a crushing burden . Due to the decrease in trade , the CNR also began to lose substantial amounts of money during the Depression , and had to be further bailed out by the government . </P> <P> With falling support and the depression only

The Great Depression in Canada was triggered by the

How did the great depression start in canada?

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Normandy landings - wikipedia <H1> Normandy landings </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` D - Day '' redirects here . This article is about the first day of the Invasion of Normandy . The subsequent operations are covered in Invasion of Normandy . For the use of D - Day as a general military term , see D - Day ( military term ) . For other uses , see D - Day ( disambiguation ) . `` Operation Neptune '' redirects here . For other uses , see Operation Neptune ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Normandy landings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of Operation Overlord , Invasion of Normandy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Men of the 16th Infantry Regiment , U.S. 1st Infantry Division wade ashore on Omaha Beach on the morning of 6 June 1944 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> June 6 , 1944 ; 73 years ago ( 1944 - 06 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Normandy , France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> Decisive Allied victory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territorial changes </Th> <Td> Five Allied beachheads established in Normandy </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United Kingdom </Li> <Li> United States </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> Belgium </Li> <Li> Czechoslovakia </Li> <Li> Denmark </Li> <Li> Free France </Li> <Li> Greece </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> New Zealand </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Poland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dwight D. Eisenhower </Li> <Li> Bernard Montgomery </Li> <Li> Omar Bradley </Li> <Li> Miles Dempsey </Li> <Li> Trafford Leigh - Mallory </Li> <Li> Bertram Ramsay </Li> <Li> Arthur Tedder </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gerd von Rundstedt </Li> <Li> Erwin Rommel </Li> <Li> Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg </Li> <Li> Friedrich Dollmann </Li> <Li> Hans von Salmuth </Li> <Li> Wilhelm Falley † </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Units involved </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> First Army </Dt> </Dl> <P> Omaha Beach : </P> <Dl> <Dt> V Corps </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> 1st Infantry Division </Li> <Li> 29th Infantry Division </Li> </Ul> <P> Utah Beach : </P> <Dl> <Dt> VII Corps </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> 4th Infantry Division </Li> <Li> 82nd Airborne Division </Li> <Li> 90th Infantry Division </Li> <Li> 101st Airborne Division </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Second Army </Dt> </Dl> <P> Gold Beach </P> <Dl> <Dt> XXX Corps </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> 50th Infantry Division </Li> </Ul> <P> Juno Beach </P> <Dl> <Dt> I Corps </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> 3rd Canadian Infantry Division </Li> </Ul> <P> Sword Beach </P> <Dl> <Dt> I Corps </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> 3rd Infantry Division </Li> <Li> 6th Airborne Division </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> 5th Panzer Army </Dt> </Dl> <P> South of Caen </P> <Ul> <Li> 21st Panzer Division </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> 7th Army </Dt> </Dl> <P> Omaha </P> <Ul> <Li> 352nd Infantry Division </Li> </Ul> <P> Utah Beach </P> <Ul> <Li> 709th Static Division </Li> </Ul> <P> Gold , Juno , and Sword </P> <Ul> <Li> 716th Static Division </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 156,000 </Td> <Td> 50,350 + 170 coastal artillery guns . Includes guns from 100mm to 210mm , as well as 320mm rocket launchers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10,000 + casualties ; 4,414 confirmed dead 185 M4 Sherman tanks </Td> <Td> 4,000 -- 9,000 casualties </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Operation Overlord Invasion of Normandy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Prelude <Ul> <Li> Atlantic Wall </Li> <Li> Bodyguard <Ul> <Li> Fortitude </Li> <Li> Zeppelin </Li> <Li> Titanic </Li> <Li> Taxable , Glimmer & Big Drum </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Combined Bomber Offensive </Li> <Li> Pointblank </Li> <Li> Transport Plan </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Postage Able </Li> <Li> Tarbrush </Li> <Li> Tiger </Li> <Li> Fabius </Li> </Ul> <P> Initial Airborne Assault British Sector </P> <Ul> <Li> Tonga <Ul> <Li> Deadstick </Li> <Li> Merville Battery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mallard </Li> </Ul> <P> American Sector </P> <Ul> <Li> Albany </Li> <Li> Boston </Li> <Li> Chicago </Li> <Li> Detroit </Li> <Li> Elmira </Li> </Ul> <P> Normandy landings American Sector </P> <Ul> <Li> Omaha </Li> <Li> Utah </Li> <Li> Pointe du Hoc </Li> </Ul> <P> Anglo - Canadian Sector </P> <Ul> <Li> Gambit </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Sword </Li> <Li> Juno </Li> <Li> Gold </Li> <Li> Port - en - Bessin </Li> </Ul> <P> Initial ground campaign American Sector </P> <Ul> <Li> Brécourt Manor </Li> <Li> Graignes </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Saint - Lô </Li> <Li> Carentan <Ul> <Li> Hill 30 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Cherbourg </Li> </Ul> <P> Anglo - Canadian Sector </P> <Ul> <Li> Caen </Li> <Li> Bréville </Li> <Li> Perch <Ul> <Li> Villers - Bocage </Li> <Li> Le Mesnil - Patry </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Douvres </Li> <Li> Martlet </Li> <Li> Epsom </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Windsor </Li> <Li> Charnwood </Li> <Li> Jupiter </Li> <Li> 2nd Odon </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Atlantic </Li> <Li> Goodwood </Li> <Li> Verrières Ridge </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> British logistics </Li> </Ul> <P> Breakout </P> <Ul> <Li> Cobra </Li> <Li> Spring </Li> <Li> Bluecoat </Li> <Li> Totalize </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Lüttich </Li> <Li> Tractable </Li> <Li> Hill 262 </Li> <Li> Chambois </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Falaise </Li> <Li> Brest </Li> <Li> Paris </Li> </Ul> <P> Air and Sea Operations </P> <Ul> <Li> Ushant </Li> <Li> La Caine </Li> <Li> Cherbourg </Li> <Li> Pierres Noires </Li> <Li> Audierne Bay </Li> </Ul> <P> Supporting operations </P> <Ul> <Li> Dingson </Li> <Li> Samwest </Li> <Li> Titanic </Li> <Li> Cooney </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Jedburgh </Li> <Li> Pluto </Li> <Li> Mulberry </Li> <Li> Dragoon </Li> </Ul> <P> Aftermath </P> <Ul> <Li> Cemeteries </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday , 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II . Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D - Day , it was the largest seaborne invasion in history . The operation began the liberation of German - occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control , and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front . </P> <P> Planning for the operation began in 1943 . In the months leading up to the invasion , the Allies conducted a substantial military deception , codenamed Operation Bodyguard , to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings . The weather on D - Day was far from ideal and the operation had to be delayed 24 hours ; a further postponement would have meant a delay of at least two weeks as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon , the tides , and the time of day that meant only a few days each month were deemed suitable . Adolf Hitler placed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in command of German forces and of developing fortifications along the Atlantic Wall in anticipation of an Allied invasion . </P> <P> The amphibious landings were preceded by extensive aerial and naval bombardment and an airborne assault -- the landing of 24,000 American , British , and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight . Allied infantry and armoured divisions began landing on the coast of France at 06 : 30 . The target 50 - mile ( 80 km ) stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors : Utah , Omaha , Gold , Juno , and Sword . Strong winds blew the landing craft east of their intended positions , particularly at Utah and Omaha . The men landed under heavy fire from gun emplacements overlooking the beaches , and the shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes , metal tripods , and barbed wire , making the work of the beach - clearing teams difficult and dangerous . Casualties were heaviest at Omaha , with its high cliffs . At Gold , Juno , and Sword , several fortified towns were cleared in house - to - house fighting , and two major gun emplacements at Gold were disabled , using specialised tanks . </P> <P> The Allies failed to achieve any of their goals on the first day . Carentan , St. Lô , and Bayeux remained in German hands , and Caen , a major objective , was not captured until 21 July . Only two of the beaches ( Juno and Gold ) were linked on the first day , and all five beachheads were not connected until 12 June ; however , the operation gained a foothold which the Allies gradually expanded over the coming months . German casualties on D - Day have been estimated at 4,000 to 9,000 men . Allied casualties were at least 10,000 , with 4,414 confirmed dead . </P> <P> Museums , memorials , and war cemeteries in the area now host many visitors each year . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Operations </Li> <Li> 3 Deception plans </Li> <Li> 4 Weather </Li> <Li> 5 German order of battle <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Cotentin Peninsula </Li> <Li> 5.2 Grandcamps Sector </Li> <Li> 5.3 Forces around Caen </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Atlantic Wall </Li> <Li> 7 Armoured reserves </Li> <Li> 8 Allied order of battle <Ul> <Li> 8.1 American zones </Li> <Li> 8.2 British and Canadian zones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Coordination with the French Resistance </Li> <Li> 10 Naval activity <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Naval losses </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Bombardment </Li> <Li> 12 Landings <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Airborne operations <Ul> <Li> 12.1. 1 American airborne landings </Li> <Li> 12.1. 2 British and Canadian airborne landings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12.2 Tank landings </Li> <Li> 12.3 Utah Beach </Li> <Li> 12.4 Pointe du Hoc </Li> <Li> 12.5 Omaha Beach </Li> <Li> 12.6 Gold Beach </Li> <Li> 12.7 Juno Beach </Li> <Li> 12.8 Sword Beach </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 14 War memorials and tourism </Li> <Li> 15 Depiction in media <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Books </Li> <Li> 15.2 Film and television </Li> <Li> 15.3 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 See also </Li> <Li> 17 References <Ul> <Li> 17.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 17.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 17.3 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 18 Further reading </Li> <Li> 19 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background </H2> <P> After the German Army invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 , the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin began pressing his allies for the creation of a second front in western Europe . In late May 1942 the Soviet Union and the United States made a joint announcement that a `` ... full understanding was reached with regard to the urgent tasks of creating a second front in Europe in 1942 . '' However , British Prime Minister Winston Churchill persuaded American President Franklin D. Roosevelt to postpone the promised invasion as , even with American help , the Allies did not have adequate forces for such an activity . </P> <P> Instead of an immediate return to France , the western Allies staged offensives in the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations , where British troops were already stationed . By mid-1943 the campaign in North Africa had been won . The Allies then launched the invasion of Sicily in July 1943 , and subsequently invaded the Italian mainland in September the same year . By then , Soviet forces were on the offensive and had won a major victory at the Battle of Stalingrad . The decision to undertake a cross-channel invasion within the next year was taken at the Trident Conference in Washington in May 1943 . Initial planning was constrained by the number of available landing craft , most of which were already committed in the Mediterranean and Pacific . At the Tehran Conference in November 1943 , Roosevelt and Churchill promised Stalin that they would open the long - delayed second front in May 1944

The names of the beaches involved in the D-Day invasion include

The names of the beaches on d day?

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Light - dependent reactions - wikipedia <H1> Light - dependent reactions </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane <P> In photosynthesis , the light - dependent reaction takes place on the thylakoid membranes . The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen , and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma , where the light - independent reactions take place . The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions . There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane : Photosystem II ( PSII ) , Cytochrome b6f complex , Photosystem I ( PSI ) , and ATP synthase . These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH . </P> <P> The four photosystems absorb light energy through pigments -- primarily the chlorophylls , which are responsible for the green color of leaves . The light - dependent reactions begin in photosystem II . When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon , an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level . Because this state of an electron is very unstable , the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions , called an electron transport chain ( ETC ) . The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI . In PSI , the electron gets the energy from another photon . The final electron acceptor is NADP . In oxygenic photosynthesis , the first electron donor is water , creating oxygen as a waste product . In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used . </P> <P> Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP . This process is called photophosphorylation , which occurs in two different ways . In non-cyclic photophosphorylation , cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen . The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton - motive force , used by ATP synthase to form ATP . In cyclic photophosphorylation , cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH . Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light - independent reactions . </P> <P> The net - reaction of all light - dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is : </P> <P> 2H 2O + 2NADP + + 3ADP + 3P → O 2 + 2NADPH + 3ATP </P> <P> The two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain . Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function . They use special proteins , called light - harvesting complexes , to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness . If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon , an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center . This reaction , called photoinduced charge separation , is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The reaction center </Li> <Li> 2 Photosynthetic electron transport chains in chloroplasts <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Photosystem II <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 The water - splitting complex </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 The reaction center </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Link of water - splitting complex and chlorophyll excitation </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Summary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Cytochrome b6 </Li> <Li> 2.3 Photosystem I </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Photosynthetic electron transport chains in bacteria <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Cyanobacteria </Li> <Li> 3.2 Purple bacteria </Li> <Li> 3.3 Green sulfur bacteria </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 History </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The reaction center ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Photosynthetic reaction center <P> The reaction center is in the thylakoid membrane . It transfers light energy to a dimer of chlorophyll pigment molecules near the periplasmic ( or thylakoid lumen ) side of the membrane . This dimer is called a special pair because of its fundamental role in photosynthesis . This special pair is slightly different in PSI and PSII reaction center . In PSII , it absorbs photons with a wavelength of 680 nm , and it is therefore called P680 . In PSI , it absorbs photons at 700 nm , and it is called P700 . In bacteria , the special pair is called P760 , P840 , P870 , or P960 . Where `` P '' means pigment , and the number following it is the wavelength of light absorbed . </P> <P> If an electron of the special pair in the reaction center becomes excited , it can not transfer this energy to another pigment using resonance energy transfer . In normal circumstances , the electron should return to the ground state , but , because the reaction center is arranged so that a suitable electron acceptor is nearby , the excited electron can move from the initial molecule to the acceptor . This process results in the formation of a positive charge on the special pair ( due to the loss of an electron ) and a negative charge on the acceptor and is , hence , referred to as photoinduced charge separation . In other words , electrons in pigment molecules can exist at specific energy levels . Under normal circumstances , they exist at the lowest possible energy level they can . However , if there is enough energy to move them into the next energy level , they can absorb that energy and occupy that higher energy level . The light they absorb contains the necessary amount of energy needed to push them into the next level . Any light that does not have enough or has too much energy can not be absorbed and is reflected . The electron in the higher energy level , however , does not want to be there ; the electron is unstable and must return to its normal lower energy level . To do this , it must release the energy that has put it into the higher energy state to begin with . This can happen various ways . The extra energy can be converted into molecular motion and lost as heat . Some of the extra energy can be lost as heat energy , while the rest is lost as light . ( This re-emission of light energy is called fluorescence . ) The energy , but not the e - itself , can be passed onto another molecule . ( This is called resonance . ) The energy and the e - can be transferred to another molecule . Plant pigments usually utilize the last two of these reactions to convert the sun 's energy into their own . </P> <P> This initial charge separation occurs in less than 10 picoseconds ( 10 seconds ) . In their high - energy states , the special pigment and the acceptor could undergo charge recombination ; that is , the electron on the acceptor could move back to neutralize the positive charge on the special pair . Its return to the special pair would waste a valuable high - energy electron and simply convert the absorbed light energy into heat . In the case of PSII , this backflow of electrons can produce reactive oxygen species leading to photoinhibition . Three factors in the structure of the reaction center work together to suppress charge recombination nearly completely . </P> <Ul> <Li> Another electron acceptor is less than 10 Å away from the first acceptor , and so the electron is rapidly transferred farther away from the special pair . </Li> <Li> An electron donor is less than 10 Å away from the special pair , and so the positive charge is neutralized by the transfer of another electron </Li> <Li> The electron transfer back from the electron acceptor to the positively charged special pair is especially slow . The rate of an of electron transfer reaction increases with its thermodynamic favorability up to a point and then decreases . The back transfer is so favourable that it takes place in the inverted region where electron - transfer rates become slower . </Li> </Ul> <P> Thus , electron transfer proceeds efficiently from the first electron acceptor to the next , creating an electron transport chain that ends if it has reached NADPH . </P> <H2> Photosynthetic electron transport chains in chloroplasts ( edit ) </H2> <P> The photosynthesis process in chloroplasts begins when an electron of P680 of PSII attains a higher - energy level . This energy is used to reduce a chain of electron acceptors that have subsequently lowered redox - potentials . This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain . When this chain reaches PS I , an electron is again excited , creating a high redox - potential . The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is often put in a diagram called the z - scheme , because the redox diagram from P680 to P700 resembles the letter z . </P> <P> The final product of PSII is plastoquinol , a mobile electron carrier in the membrane . Plastoquinol transfers the electron from PSII to the proton pump , cytochrome b6f . The ultimate electron donor of PSII is water . Cytochrome b6f proceeds the electron chain to PSI through plastocyanin molecules . PSI is able to continue the electron transfer in two different ways . It can transfer the electrons either to plastoquinol again , creating a cyclic electron flow , or to an enzyme called FNR ( Ferredoxin -- NADP ( + ) reductase ) , creating a non-cyclic electron flow . PSI releases FNR into the stroma , where it reduces NADP + to NADPH . </P> <P> Activities of the electron transport chain , especially from cytochrome b6f , lead to pumping of protons from the stroma to the lumen . The resulting transmembrane proton gradient is used to make ATP via ATP synthase . </P> <P> The overall process of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in chloroplasts is : </P> H 2O → PS II → plastoquinone → cyt b 6 → plastocyanin → PS I → NADPH <H3> Photosystem II ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Photosystem II <P> PS II is an extremely complex , highly organized transmembrane structure that contains a water - splitting complex , chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments , a reaction center ( P680 ) , pheophytin ( a pigment similar to chlorophyll ) , and two quinones . It uses the energy of sunlight to transfer electrons from water to a mobile electron carrier in the membrane called plastoquinone : </P> H 2O → P680 → P680 → plastoquinone <P> Plastoquinone , in turn , transfers electrons to cyt b 6 , which feeds them into PS I . </P> The water - splitting complex ( edit ) <P> The step H 2O → P680 is performed by a poorly understood structure embedded within PS II called the water - splitting complex or the oxygen - evolving complex . It catalyzes a reaction that splits water into electrons , protons and oxygen : </P> 2H 2O → 4H + 4e + O <P> The actual steps of the above reaction are running in the following way ( Dolai 's diagram of S - states ) : ( I ) 2H2O ( monoxide ) ( II ) OH . H2O ( hydroxide ) ( III ) H2O2 ( peroxide ) ( IV ) HO2 ( super oxide ) ( V ) O2 ( di - oxygen ) . </P> <P> The electrons are transferred to special chlorophyll molecules ( embedded in PS II ) that are promoted to a higher - energy state by the energy

The site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is

Which is the site of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

4248915064337089892

Nebula ( Comics ) - wikipedia <H1> Nebula ( Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the DC Comics character , see Nebula Man . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nebula </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Interior artwork from Nova : The Human Rocket # 1 ( May , 1999 Marvel Comics ) . Art by Joe Bennett . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> The Avengers # 257 ( July 1985 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Roger Stern John Buscema </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> In - story information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Luphomoid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> Captain Nebula , Ms. Peale </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nebula is a fictional character , an alien supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by Roger Stern and John Buscema , the character first appeared in The Avengers # 257 ( July 1985 ) . A pirate and mercenary operating in outer space , the character has frequently appeared as an enemy of the Avengers and the Silver Surfer . </P> <P> Nebula has appeared in several other media adaptations of the Marvel comics , including animated television series and video games . Karen Gillan portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , beginning with the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy and its 2017 sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 . She will reprise the role in the upcoming 2018 film Avengers : Infinity War and the 2019 untitled Avengers film . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Infinity Gauntlet </Li> <Li> 2.2 Annihilation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 4 In other media <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Television </Li> <Li> 4.2 Film </Li> <Li> 4.3 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( August 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nebula was created by writer Roger Stern and artist John Buscema , and first appeared in The Avengers # 257 ( July 1985 ) . </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> Nebula on the cover of The Avengers # 318 ( June 1990 ) . Art by Paul Ryan and Tom Palmer . <P> A brutal space pirate and mercenary , Nebula seized control of Sanctuary II , a massive spaceship previously under the command of Thanos . Thanos was believed to be dead at this point , and Nebula claimed that he had been her grandfather . Nebula 's band of mercenaries and pirates consisted of Skunge , Kehl , Gunthar and Levan . </P> <P> Nebula asked the second Captain Marvel to join her mercenary band and aid them in conquering the Skrull Empire . However , Firelord learned that Nebula had massacred the Xandarians . Nebula used her space fleet to attack the Skrull space armada and the Avengers . </P> <P> Nebula then schemed to gain absolute power using Earth scientist Dr. Harker 's atomic compressor to release vast amounts of energy that were absorbed by the Infinity Union ( Although this attempt nearly triggered the end of the universe when the experiment caused a second Big Bang that came close to annihilating everything before a small group of Avengers -- Captain America , Iron Man , Thor , Spider - Man and Sersi -- were able to escape the destruction and shut down the equipment in time to negate the unmaking of existence ) . She fought the Avengers , and absorbed energies from the Infinity Union through the implant in her brain . As she fought the Avengers , she lost her powers when Sersi removed the brain implant . Nebula then escaped . </P> <H3> The Infinity Gauntlet ( edit ) </H3> <P> The newly resurrected Thanos was offended by Nebula 's claims of kinship . He reclaimed his ship and almost killed her , using the Infinity Gems . He transformed her into a grotesque virtual corpse still barely alive , leaving her as a maimed and seemingly mindless zombie , burned and disfigured by his energy beams . </P> <P> When he later claimed the Infinity Gauntlet , Thanos boasted that Nebula was his greatest creation -- unable to die , but not truly alive either . However , when Thanos defeated Eternity and took his place , Thanos expanded his consciousness into the universe , leaving his body comatose . Nebula managed to take the Gauntlet from Thanos , using its power to restore herself to health and banish Thanos , seeking to conquer the universe herself . Thanos agreed to help a loose band of heroes defeat Nebula . The group in question consisted of Adam Warlock , Doctor Strange , the Silver Surfer , Thor , the Hulk , Firelord , Doctor Doom and Drax the Destroyer -- the only heroes that Strange had been able to locate in the time available to him . The group confronted her , and , with Thanos exploiting Nebula 's inexperience with wielding the Gauntlet , she was tricked into undoing the events of Thanos 's godhood and all the death and destruction Thanos wreaked with his power . The Cosmic Pantheon ( which Thanos had earlier defeated ) immediately appeared , and battled her . With Nebula thus distracted -- lacking the knowledge to realize that they were keeping her occupied by attacking her all at once , thus preventing her from thinking of a less direct method of assault -- the Surfer and Warlock were able to steal the Gauntlet from her by exploiting Warlock 's connection to the Soul Gem , disrupting the unity between the Infinity Gems and forcing Nebula to drop the Gauntlet . Nebula was captured by Starfox and returned to Titan for trial , while Adam Warlock claimed the Gauntlet . </P> <P> Nebula was later confronted by Firelord in the Titanian prison . In flashback , the murder of her abusive father was depicted . Nebula was later freed from prison by Geatar , and converted into a cyborg by Doctor Mandibus . She attempted to free her pirate crew from the `` Anvil '' space prison , but was thwarted by the Silver Surfer and Jack of Hearts . She killed her crew in escaping . </P> <H3> Annihilation ( edit ) </H3> <P> Nebula has appeared as one of Gamora 's followers , ' The Graces ' . In this role , she battled Ronan the Accuser alongside Stellaris . Ronan triumphed , severely wounding her . </P> <H2> Powers and abilities ( edit ) </H2> <P> Nebula is an athletic woman and an excellent armed and unarmed combatant . She possesses a gifted intellect and is a brilliant battle strategist . </P> <P> Nebula uses blasters worn on her wrists that fire concussive blasts of unknown energy or heat blasts that can incinerate a human being almost instantly . She also apparently wears a device that enables her to disguise her appearance , either through illusion - casting or through actual molecular rearrangement of her body and clothing . </P> <P> Nebula was converted by Doctor Mandibus into a cyborg . She was given an artificial left eye , left arm , and left shoulder . The left upper quarter of her head and part of her right hip are sheathed in metal . </P> <P> Nebula briefly possessed the Infinity Union , a combination of three devices that together could channel all forms of ambient energy into her which infused her with vast energies . She also briefly possessed the Infinity Gauntlet , which held six `` Infinity Gems '' of virtually - unlimited power , which gave her seemingly - absolute control of reality while she possessed them . However , her short sightedness meant that she often made crucial errors in judgment when wielding the power , like undoing the events of Thanos 's godhood without realizing that this would revert her to her near - death state and free the imprisoned Cosmic Pantheon whom Thanos had recently defeated . </P> <H2> In other media ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nebula is featured in the two - part episode `` Learning Curve '' of the 1999 animated series Silver Surfer , voiced by Jennifer Dale . </Li> <Li> Nebula appears in the second season of the 2009 animated series The Super Hero Squad Show , voiced by Jane Lynch . This version is the older sister of Thanos , and appears in the episodes `` Double Negations at the World 's End '' , `` Fate of Destiny '' and `` When Strikes the Surfer . '' </Li> <Li> Nebula appears in the Guardians of the Galaxy TV series , voiced by Cree Summer . In the episode `` Origins , '' Gamora and Nebula were put through training by Ronan the Accuser so that they can fight for Thanos . In the episode `` The Backstabbers , '' the death of Ronan the Accuser has left a power vacuum where Nova Prime mentions to the Nova Corps that there is competition between Korath the Pursuer , Nebula , and Gamora to see who will succeed Ronan the Accuser as Thanos ' new general . Gamora pretends to betray the Guardians of the Galaxy so that she can get Nebula and her Chitauri crew into fighting Korath the Pursuer 's group . Following the plan and the Guardians of the Galaxy getting away , Nebula recovers Ronan the Accuser 's Universal Weapon that Drax the Destroyer threw at her ship . In the episode `` Bad Moon Rising , '' Nebula attacks the Guardians of the Galaxy on the living moon Mandala . Using Mandala 's life - giving powers and a special seed , Nebula resurrects Ronan the Accuser and gives him his Universal Weapon as Ronan the Accuser plans to pilot Mandala to Xandar in order to annihilate the enemies of the Kree there . With help from Star - Lord and Groot , Mandala broke free and uses a special magma attack to send Nebula and Ronan the Accuser flying far away from Mandala . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> Karen Gillan as Nebula from the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy . <Ul> <Li> Karen Gillan portrays Nebula in the 2014 live - action film Guardians of the Galaxy . She is portrayed as an adopted daughter of Thanos , and she is augmented and converted into a cyborg ; at least her arms are completely mechanical , as she is shown making repairs to circuits in her forearm . Despite her familial ties to Thanos , Nebula allies with Ronan the Accuser when Ronan steals an Infinity Stone to destroy Xandar and later use against Thanos only to be defeated in combat by Gamora . When Gamora offers to save her , Nebula rejects Gamora 's help and severs her trapped mechanical left hand so that she can steal a ship and escape . </Li> <Li> Gillan reprises the role in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 , released in May 2017 . In the film , the Guardians retrieve the arrested Nebula from the Sovereign race , as she was apprehended after trying to steal their batteries . After the Guardians crash - land the ship on a nearby planet due to the Sovereign 's ambush ( as Rocket was caught stealing the batteries ) , Rocket and Baby Groot are tasked with looking over Nebula while the rest are taken by Ego to his planet . She assists the Ravagers with a mutiny against Yondu which results in her freedom and Yondu , Rocket , and Groot 's capture . Nebula convinces the Ravagers to spare the three due to the many bounties on

Nebula, a character in the Guardians of the Galaxy franchise, is played by

Who is nebula on guardians of the galaxy?

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largely positive reviews , with Gibson 's direction and Garfield 's performance earning notable praise . Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year , and has received numerous awards and nominations . The film received six Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing , winning the awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing . It also received Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture , Best Director and Best Actor , and 12 AACTA Awards nominations , winning the majority , including Best Film , Best Direction , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for Garfield , and Best Supporting Actor for Weaving . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Writing </Li> <Li> 3.3 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.4 Principal photography </Li> <Li> 3.5 Post-production </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Themes </Li> <Li> 5 Historical accuracy </Li> <Li> 6 Music </Li> <Li> 7 Release <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Reception <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 8.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 8.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> As a child , Desmond Doss nearly kills his younger brother Hal . This event and his Seventh - day Adventist upbringing reinforce Desmond 's belief in the commandment `` Thou shalt not kill '' . Years later , Doss takes an injured man to the hospital and meets a nurse , Dorothy Schutte . The two strike a romance and Doss tells Dorothy of his interest in medical work . </P> <P> After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor , Doss enlists in the Army to serve as a combat medic . His father Tom , a World War I veteran , is deeply upset by the decision . Before leaving for Fort Jackson , he asks for Dorothy 's hand in marriage and she accepts . </P> <P> Doss is placed under the command of Sergeant Howell . He excels physically but becomes an outcast among his fellow soldiers for refusing to handle a rifle and train on Saturdays . Howell and Captain Glover attempt to discharge Doss for psychiatric reasons but are overruled , as Doss ' religious beliefs do not constitute mental illness . They subsequently torment Doss by putting him through grueling labor , intending to get Doss to leave of his own accord . Despite being beaten one night by his fellow soldiers , he refuses to identify his attackers and continues training . </P> <P> Doss ' unit completes basic training and is released on leave , during which Doss intends to marry Dorothy , but his refusal to carry a firearm leads to an arrest for insubordination . Captain Glover and Dorothy visit Doss in jail and try to convince him to plead guilty so that he can be released without charge , but Doss refuses to compromise his beliefs . At his trial Doss pleads not guilty , but before he is sentenced , his father barges into the tribunal with a letter from a former commanding officer stating that his son 's pacifism is protected by an Act of Congress . The charges against Doss are dropped , and he and Dorothy are married . </P> <P> Doss ' unit is assigned to the 77th Infantry Division and deployed to the Pacific theater . During the Battle of Okinawa , Doss ' unit is informed that they are to relieve the 96th Infantry Division , which was tasked with ascending and securing the Maeda Escarpment ( `` Hacksaw Ridge '' ) . In the initial fight , both sides sustain heavy losses . Doss saves his squadmate Smitty as well as several wounded soldiers . The Americans camp for the night , which Doss spends in a foxhole with Smitty . Doss reveals that his aversion to holding a firearm stems from nearly shooting his drunken father , who threatened his mother with a gun . Smitty apologizes for doubting his courage , and the two reconcile . </P> <P> The next morning , the Japanese launch a massive counterattack and drive the Americans off the escarpment . Smitty is killed , while Howell and several of Doss ' squad mates are left injured on the battlefield . Doss hears the cries of dying soldiers and returns to save them , carrying the wounded to the cliff 's edge and belaying them down by rope , each time praying to save one more . The arrival of dozens of wounded once presumed dead comes as a shock to the rest of the unit below . When day breaks , Doss rescues Howell and the two escape Hacksaw under enemy fire . </P> <P> Captain Glover tells Doss that the men have been inspired by his selflessness , and that they will not launch the next attack without him . With reinforcements , they turn the tide of battle . After an ambush set by Japanese soldiers feigning surrender , Doss manages to save Glover and others by deflecting enemy grenades . Doss is eventually wounded by a grenade blast , but the battle is won . Doss descends the cliff , clutching the Bible Dorothy gave him . </P> <P> The film switches to archival photos and footage showing that Doss was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for rescuing 75 soldiers at Hacksaw Ridge . Doss stayed married to Dorothy until her death in 1991 . He died on March 23 , 2006 , at the age of 87 . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Garfield as Desmond Doss </Li> <Li> Vince Vaughn as Sergeant Howell </Li> <Li> Sam Worthington as Captain Jack Glover </Li> <Li> Luke Bracey as Smitty Ryker </Li> <Li> Hugo Weaving as Tom Doss , Desmond 's father </Li> <Li> Ryan Corr as Lieutenant Manville </Li> <Li> Teresa Palmer as Dorothy Schutte , Desmond 's wife </Li> <Li> Rachel Griffiths as Bertha Doss , Desmond 's mother </Li> <Li> Richard Roxburgh as Colonel Stelzer </Li> <Li> Luke Pegler as Milt `` Hollywood '' Zane </Li> <Li> Richard Pyros as Randall `` Teach '' Fuller </Li> <Li> Ben Mingay as Grease Nolan </Li> <Li> Firass Dirani as Vito Rinnelli </Li> <Li> Damien Thomlinson as Ralph Morgan </Li> <Li> Matt Nable as Lt. Colonel Cooney </Li> <Li> Robert Morgan as Colonel Sangston </Li> <Li> Nathaniel Buzolic as Harold `` Hal '' Doss , Desmond 's brother </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Hacksaw Ridge was in development limbo for fourteen years . Numerous producers had tried for decades to film Doss ' story , including decorated war hero Audie Murphy and Hal B. Wallis . </P> <P> In 2001 , after finally convincing Doss that making a movie on his remarkable life was the right thing to do , screenwriter / producer Gregory Crosby ( grandson of Bing Crosby ) wrote the treatment and brought the project to film producer David Permut , of Permut Presentations , through the early cooperation of Stan Jensen of the Seventh - day Adventist Church , which ultimately led to the film being financed . </P> <P> In 2004 , director Terry Benedict won the rights to make a documentary about Doss , The Conscientious Objector , and secured the dramatic film rights in the process . However , Doss died in 2006 , after which producer Bill Mechanic acquired and then sold the rights to Walden Media , which developed the project along with producer David Permut . Gregory Crosby and Steve Longi served as co-producers . Walden Media insisted on a PG - 13 version of the battle , and Mechanic spent years working to buy the rights back . </P> <P> After acquiring the rights , Mechanic approached Mel Gibson , and wanted him to create a concoction of violence and faith , as he did with The Passion of the Christ ( 2004 ) . Gibson turned down the offer twice , as he previously did with Braveheart ( 1995 ) . Nearly a decade later , Gibson finally agreed to direct , a decision announced in November 2014 . The same month , Andrew Garfield was confirmed to play the role of Desmond Doss . </P> <P> With a budget of $40 million , the team still faced many challenges . Hacksaw Ridge became an international co-production , with key players and firms located in both the United States and Australia . When Australian tax incentives were taken off the table , the film had to qualify as Australian to receive government subsidies . Despite being American - born , Gibson 's early years in Australia helped the film qualify , along with most of the cast being Australian , including Rachel Griffiths ( Doss ' mother ) , Teresa Palmer ( Doss ' wife ) , Sam Worthington ( unit leader ) , Hugo Weaving ( as Doss ' father ) , Richard Roxburgh ( as a colonel ) and Luke Bracey ( as Smitty , one of Doss ' most antagonistic unit members ) . Rounding out the cast was American actor Vince Vaughn . According to producer Bill Mechanic , Australian state and federal subsidies made financing the film possible . </P> <P> On February 9 , 2015 , IM Global closed a deal to finance the film , and also sold the film into the international markets . On the same day , Lionsgate acquired the North American distribution rights to the film . Chinese distribution rights were acquired by Bliss Media , a Shanghai - based film production and distribution company . </P> <P> Hacksaw Ridge is the first film directed by Gibson since Apocalypto in 2006 , and marks a departure from his previous films , such as Apocalypto and Braveheart , in which the protagonists acted violently . </P> <H3> Writing ( edit ) </H3> <P> Robert Schenkkan made the initial draft and Randall Wallace , who was previously attached to direct the film , rewrote the script . Andrew Knight polished the revised script . Gibson 's partner Bruce Davey also produced the film , along with Paul Currie . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The cast -- Andrew Garfield , Vince Vaughn , Sam Worthington , Luke Bracey , Teresa Palmer , Rachel Griffiths , Richard Roxburgh , Luke Pegler , Richard Pyros , Ben Mingay , Firass Dirani , Nico Cortez , Michael Sheasby , Goran Kleut , Jacob Warner , Harry Greenwood , Damien Thomlinson , Ben O'Toole , Benedict Hardie , Robert Morgan , Ori Pfeffer , Milo Gibson , and Nathaniel Buzolic , Hugo Weaving , and Ryan Corr -- was announced between November 2014 and October 2015 . The younger Doss was played by Darcy Bryce . </P> <P> Garfield plays Desmond Doss , a US Army medic awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for saving lives during the Battle of Okinawa in World War II . Garfield had high regards for Doss , and venerated him for his act of bravery , hailing him as a `` wonderful symbol of embodying the idea of live and let live no matter what your ideology is , no matter what your value system is , just to allow other people to be who they are and allow yourself to be who you are . '' He found the idea of playing a real superhero , as compared to his past roles playing Spider - Man in The Amazing Spider - Man and its sequel , much more inspiring . Garfield admitted that he cried the first time he read the screenplay . He visited Doss ' hometown and touched his various tools . Gibson was drawn to Garfield the first time he saw his performance

In the movie Hacksaw Ridge, Desmond Doss's father was played by

Who played desmond doss father in hacksaw ridge?

-4733919216436438252

Mona Lisa - wikipedia <H1> Mona Lisa </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the painting . For other uses , see Mona Lisa ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mona Lisa </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Italian : La Gioconda , French : La Joconde </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist </Th> <Td> Leonardo da Vinci </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Td> c. 1503 -- 06 , perhaps continuing until c. 1517 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Medium </Th> <Td> Oil on poplar panel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subject </Th> <Td> Lisa Gherardini </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 77 cm × 53 cm ( 30 in × 21 in ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Musée du Louvre , Paris </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Mona Lisa ( / ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə / ; Italian : Monna Lisa ( ˈmɔnna ˈliːza ) or La Gioconda ( la dʒoˈkonda ) , French : La Joconde ( la ʒɔkɔ̃d ) ) is a half - length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as `` the best known , the most visited , the most written about , the most sung about , the most parodied work of art in the world '' . The Mona Lisa is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world . It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962 , which is worth nearly $800 million in 2017 . </P> <P> The painting is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini , the wife of Francesco del Giocondo , and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel . It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506 ; however , Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517 . Recent academic work suggests that it would not have been started before 1513 . It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic , on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797 . </P> <P> The subject 's expression , which is frequently described as enigmatic , the monumentality of the composition , the subtle modelling of forms , and the atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the continuing fascination and study of the work . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Title and subject </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Theft and vandalism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Aesthetics </Li> <Li> 4 Conservation <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Poplar panel </Li> <Li> 4.2 Frame </Li> <Li> 4.3 Cleaning and touch - up </Li> <Li> 4.4 Display </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Fame <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Financial worth </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 Early versions and copies <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Prado Museum La Gioconda </Li> <Li> 7.2 Isleworth Mona Lisa </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Title and subject </H2> Main article : Lisa del Giocondo <P> The title of the painting , which is known in English as Mona Lisa , comes from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari , who wrote `` Leonardo undertook to paint , for Francesco del Giocondo , the portrait of Mona Lisa , his wife . '' Mona in Italian is a polite form of address originating as `` ma donna '' -- similar to `` Ma'am '' , `` Madam '' , or `` my lady '' in English . This became `` madonna '' , and its contraction `` mona '' . The title of the painting , though traditionally spelled `` Mona '' ( as used by Vasari ) , is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as Monna Lisa ( `` mona '' being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects ) but this is rare in English . </P> <P> Vasari 's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550 , 31 years after the artist 's death . It has long been the best - known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter . Leonardo 's assistant Salaì , at his death in 1524 , owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named la Gioconda , a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo . </P> <P> That Leonardo painted such a work , and its date , were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero . Dated October 1503 , the note was written by Leonardo 's contemporary Agostino Vespucci . This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles , who is mentioned in the text , and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo . </P> <P> In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document , Vincent Delieuvin , the Louvre representative , stated `` Leonardo da Vinci was painting , in 1503 , the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo . About this we are now certain . Unfortunately , we can not be absolutely certain that this portrait of Lisa del Giocondo is the painting of the Louvre . '' </P> A margin note by Agostino Vespucci ( visible at right ) discovered in a book at Heidelberg University . Dated 1503 , it states that Leonardo was working on a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo . <P> The model , Lisa del Giocondo , was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany , and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo . The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home , and to celebrate the birth of their second son , Andrea . The Italian name for the painting , La Gioconda , means `` jocund '' ( `` happy '' or `` jovial '' ) or , literally , `` the jocund one '' , a pun on the feminine form of Lisa 's married name , `` Giocondo '' . In French , the title La Joconde has the same meaning . </P> <P> Before that discovery , scholars had developed several alternative views as to the subject of the painting . Some argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait , identifying at least four other paintings as the Mona Lisa referred to by Vasari . Several other women have been proposed as the subject of the painting . Isabella of Aragon , Cecilia Gallerani , Costanza d'Avalos , Duchess of Francavilla , Isabella d'Este , Pacifica Brandano or Brandino , Isabela Gualanda , Caterina Sforza -- even Salaì and Leonardo himself -- are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting . The consensus of art historians in the 21st century maintains the long - held traditional opinion , that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo . </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : Leonardo da Vinci Presumed self - portrait by Leonardo da Vinci , executed in red chalk sometime between 1512 and 1515 <P> Leonardo da Vinci is thought by some to have begun painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 or 1504 in Florence , Italy . Although the Louvre states that it was `` doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506 '' , the art historian Martin Kemp says there are some difficulties in confirming the actual dates with certainty . In addition , many Leonardo experts , such as Carlo Pedretti and Alessandro Vezzosi , are of the opinion that the painting is characteristic of Leonardo 's style in the final years of his life , post-1513 . Other academics argue that , given the historical documentation , Leonardo would have painted the work from 1513 . According to Leonardo 's contemporary , Giorgio Vasari , `` after he had lingered over it four years , ( he ) left it unfinished '' . Leonardo , later in his life , is said to have regretted `` never having completed a single work '' . </P> Raphael 's drawing , based on the portrait of Mona Lisa <P> Circa 1504 , Raphael executed a pen and ink sketch , today in the Louvre museum , in which the subject is flanked by large columns , . Experts universally agree it is based on Leonardo 's portrait of Mona Lisa . Other later copies of the Mona Lisa , such as those in the National Museum of Art , Architecture and Design in Oslo and The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore , also display large flanking columns . As a result , it was originally thought that the Mona Lisa in the Louvre had side columns and had been cut . However , as early as 1993 , Zöllner observed that the painting surface had never been trimmed . This was confirmed through a series of tests conducted in 2004 . In view of this , Vincent Delieuvin , curator of 16th - century Italian painting at the Louvre museum states that the sketch and these other copies must have been inspired by another version , while Frank Zöllner states that the sketch brings up the possibility that Leonardo executed another work on the subject of Mona Lisa . </P> <P> It is unclear as to who commissioned the painting . Vasari states that the work was painted for Francesco del Giocondo , the husband of Lisa del Giocondo . However , Antonio de Beatis , following a visit with Leonardo in 1517 , records that the painting was executed at the instance of Giuliano di Lorenzo de ' Medici . </P> <P> In 1516 , Leonardo was invited by King François I to work at the Clos Lucé near the king 's castle in Amboise . It is believed that he took the Mona Lisa with him and continued to work after he moved to France . Art historian Carmen C. Bambach has concluded that Leonardo probably continued refining the work until 1516 or 1517 . </P> <P> The fate of the painting around Leonardo 's death and just after it has divided academic opinion . Some , such as Kemp , believe that upon Leonardo 's death , the painting was inherited with other works by his pupil and assistant Salaì and was still in the latter 's possession in 1525 . Others believe that the painting was sold to Francis I by Salaì , together with The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and the St. John the Baptist in 1518 . The Louvre Museum lists the painting as having entered the Royal collection in 1518 . </P> <P> Given the issue surrounding the dating of the painting , the presence of the flanking columns in the Raphael sketch , the uncertainty concerning the person who commissioned it and its fate around the time of Leonardo 's death , a number of experts have argued that Leonardo painted two versions of the Mona Lisa . The first would have been commissioned by Francesco del Giocondo circa 1503 , had flanking columns , have been left unfinished and have been in Salai 's possession in 1525 . The second , commissioned by Giuliano de Medici circa 1513 , without the flanking columns , would have been sold by Salai to Francis I in 1518 and be the one in the Louvre today . </P> <P> The painting was kept at the Palace of Fontainebleau , where it remained until Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles . After the French Revolution , it was moved to the Louvre , but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon in the Tuileries Palace . </P> <P> During the Franco - Prussian War ( 1870 -- 71 ) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal .

The Mona Lisa can be found today at the

Where can the mona lisa be found today?

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the lack of a clear definition of the term `` indigenous '' . In addition to those intending to vote against the adoption of the declaration , a group of African countries represented by Namibia proposed to defer action , to hold further consultations , and to conclude consideration of the declaration by September 2007 . Ultimately , after agreeing on some adjustments to the Draft Declaration , a vast majority of states recognized that these issues could be addressed by each country at the national level . </P> <P> The four states that voted against continued to express serious reservations about the final text of the Declaration as placed before the General Assembly . As mentioned above , all four opposing countries have since then changed their vote in favour of the Declaration . </P> Australia ( edit ) <P> Australia 's government opposed the Declaration in the General Assembly vote of 2007 , but has since endorsed the Declaration . Australia 's Mal Brough , Minister for Families , Community Services and Indigenous Affairs , referring to the provision regarding the upholding of indigenous peoples ' customary legal systems , said that `` There should only be one law for all Australians and we should not enshrine in law practices that are not acceptable in the modern world . '' </P> <P> Marise Payne , Liberal Party Senator for New South Wales , further elaborated on the Australian government 's objections to the Declaration in a speech to the Australian Senate : </P> <Ul> <Li> Concerns about references to self - determination and their potential to be misconstrued . </Li> <Li> Ignorance of contemporary realities concerning land and resources . `` They seem , to many readers , to require the recognition of Indigenous rights to lands which are now lawfully owned by other citizens , both Indigenous and non-Indigenous , and therefore to have some quite significant potential to impact on the rights of third parties . '' </Li> <Li> Concerns over the extension of Indigenous intellectual property rights under the declaration as unnecessary under current international and Australian law . </Li> <Li> The potential abuse of the right under the Declaration for indigenous peoples to unqualified consent on matters affecting them , `` which implies to some readers that they may then be able to exercise a right of veto over all matters of state , which would include national laws and other administrative measures . '' </Li> <Li> The exclusivity of indigenous rights over intellectual , real and cultural property , that `` does not acknowledge the rights of third parties -- in particular , their rights to access Indigenous land and heritage and cultural objects where appropriate under national law . '' Furthermore , that the Declaration `` fails to consider the different types of ownership and use that can be accorded to Indigenous people and the rights of third parties to property in that regard . '' </Li> <Li> Concerns that the Declaration places indigenous customary law in a superior position to national law , and that this may `` permit the exercise of practices which would not be acceptable across the board '' , such as customary corporal and capital punishments . </Li> </Ul> <P> In October 2007 former Australian Prime Minister John Howard pledged to hold a referendum on changing the constitution to recognise indigenous Australians if re-elected . He said that the distinctiveness of people 's identity and their rights to preserve their heritage should be acknowledged . </P> <P> On 3 April 2009 , the Rudd Government formally endorsed the Declaration . </P> Canada ( edit ) <P> The Canadian government said that while it supported the `` spirit '' of the declaration , it contained elements that were `` fundamentally incompatible with Canada 's constitutional framework '' , which includes both the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Section 35 , which enshrines aboriginal and treaty rights . In particular , the Canadian government had problems with Article 19 ( which appears to require governments to secure the consent of indigenous peoples regarding matters of general public policy ) , and Articles 26 and 28 ( which could allow for the re-opening or repudiation of historically settled land claims ) . </P> <P> Former Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Chuck Strahl described the document as `` unworkable in a Western democracy under a constitutional government . '' Strahl elaborated , saying `` In Canada , you are balancing individual rights vs. collective rights , and ( this ) document ... has none of that . By signing on , you default to this document by saying that the only rights in play here are the rights of the First Nations . And , of course , in Canada , that 's inconsistent with our constitution . '' He gave an example : `` In Canada ... you negotiate on this ... because ( native rights ) do n't trump all other rights in the country . You need also to consider the people who have sometimes also lived on those lands for two or three hundred years , and have hunted and fished alongside the First Nations . '' </P> <P> The Assembly of First Nations passed a resolution in December 2007 to invite Presidents Hugo Chávez and Evo Morales to Canada to put pressure on the government to sign the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples , calling the two heads of state `` visionary leaders '' and demanding Canada resign its membership on the United Nations Human Rights Council . </P> <P> On 3 March 2010 , in the Speech From the Throne , the Governor General of Canada announced that the government was moving to endorse the declaration . `` We are a country with an Aboriginal heritage . A growing number of states have given qualified recognition to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples . Our Government will take steps to endorse this aspirational document in a manner fully consistent with Canada 's Constitution and laws . '' </P> <P> On 12 November 2010 , Canada officially endorsed the declaration but without changing its position that it was ' aspirational ' . </P> <P> Anishinabek spiritual leader , Chief William Commanda ( 1908 - 3 August 2011 ) was honoured at the 21st annual week - long First Peoples ' Festival held in Montreal from 2 -- 9 August 2011 , celebrating Canada 's 2010 adoption of the U.N. declaration . AFN Innu representative , Ghislain Picard 's tribute praised Grandfather Commanda for his work that was `` key not only in the adoption of the U.N. declaration , but in all the work leading up to it throughout the last 25 years . '' </P> <P> In 2015 , Romeo Saganash ( a Cree Member of Parliament for Abitibi -- Baie - James -- Nunavik -- Eeyou ) sponsored Private Member 's Bill C - 641 , the `` United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act '' , which would have required the Canadian government to ensure that the laws of Canada are in harmony with UNDRIP but it was defeated on May 6 , 2015 . </P> <P> In 2016 , Canada officially adopted and promised to implement the declaration fully . Speaking at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues , Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada minister Carolyn Bennett announced , `` We are now a full supporter of the declaration , without qualification . We intend nothing less than to adopt and implement the declaration in accordance with the Canadian Constitution . '' Bennett described the Declaration as `` breathing life into Section 35 ( of the Canadian Constitution ) and recognizing it as a full box of rights for Indigenous Peoples in Canada . '' In July 2016 , Kwakwaka'wakw Justice Minister Jody Wilson - Raybould gave a speech that stated that `` adopting the UNDRIP as being Canadian law are unworkable '' , due to its incompatibility with the Indian Act , the current governing statute . </P> <P> The federal government pledged on 21 June 2017 to rename its National Aboriginal Day to be consistent with the terminology used by the Declaration . </P> <P> In September 2017 , British Columbia provincial government announced that it will govern in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration . </P> New Zealand ( edit ) New Zealand delegation at the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues . New Zealand endorsed the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in April 2010 . <P> In 2007 New Zealand 's Minister of Māori Affairs Parekura Horomia described the Declaration as `` toothless '' , and said , `` There are four provisions we have problems with , which make the declaration fundamentally incompatible with New Zealand 's constitutional and legal arrangements . '' Article 26 in particular , he said , `` appears to require recognition of rights to lands now lawfully owned by other citizens , both indigenous and non-indigenous . This ignores contemporary reality and would be impossible to implement . '' </P> <P> In response , Māori Party leader Pita Sharples said it was `` shameful to the extreme that New Zealand voted against the outlawing of discrimination against indigenous people ; voted against justice , dignity and fundamental freedoms for all '' . </P> <P> On 7 July 2009 , the New Zealand government announced that it would support the Declaration ; this , however , appeared to be a premature announcement by Pita Sharples , the current Minister of Māori Affairs , as the New Zealand government cautiously backtracked on Sharples ' July announcement . However , on 19 April 2010 , Sharples announced New Zealand 's support of the declaration at a speech in New York . </P> United states ( edit ) <P> Speaking for the United States mission to the UN , spokesman Benjamin Chang said , `` What was done today is not clear . The way it stands now is subject to multiple interpretations and does n't establish a clear universal principle . '' The U.S. mission also issued a floor document , `` Observations of the United States with respect to the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples '' , setting out its objections to the Declaration . Most of these are based on the same points as the three other countries ' rejections but , in addition , the United States drew attention to the Declaration 's failure to provide a clear definition of exactly whom the term `` indigenous peoples '' is intended to cover . </P> <P> On 16 December 2010 , President Obama declared that the United States would `` lend its support '' to the Declaration . The decision was announced during the second White House Tribal Nations Conference , where he said he is `` working hard to live up to '' the name that was given to him by the Crow Nation : `` One Who Helps People Throughout the Land . '' Obama has told Native American leaders that he wants to improve the `` nation - to - nation '' relationship between the United States and the tribes and repair broken promises . Today , there are more than 560 Indian tribes in the United States that are recognized at the federal level , with some sixty - plus tribes recognized at the state level . Many had representatives at the White House conference and applauded Obama 's announcement . </P> <P> The Obama administration 's decision came after three consultation meetings with Native Americans and more than 3,000 written comments on the subject . The support of the government also included several interpretations of the meaning of the Declaration . In the view of the United States government , the Declaration advances `` a new and distinct international concept of self - determination specific to indigenous peoples , '' which is not the same as the existing concept in international law . The statement also interprets free , prior , and informed consent , `` which the United States understands to call for a process

Canada signed the UN Declaration of Indigenous Rights on

When did canada sign the un declaration of indigenous rights?

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Computer simulation - wikipedia <H1> Computer simulation </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about computer model within a scientific context . For simulating a computer on a computer , see emulator . `` Computer model '' redirects here . For computer models of 3 - dimensional objects , see 3D modeling . Process of building a computer model , and the interplay between experiment , simulation , and theory . <P> Computer simulation reproduces the behavior of a system using a mathematical model . Computer simulations have become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics ( computational physics ) , astrophysics , climatology , chemistry and biology , human systems in economics , psychology , social science , and engineering . Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system 's model . It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new technology and to estimate the performance of systems too complex for analytical solutions . </P> <P> Computer simulations are computer programs that can be either small , running almost instantly on small devices , or large - scale programs that run for hours or days on network - based groups of computers . The scale of events being simulated by computer simulations has far exceeded anything possible ( or perhaps even imaginable ) using traditional paper - and - pencil mathematical modeling . Over 10 years ago , a desert - battle simulation of one force invading another involved the modeling of 66,239 tanks , trucks and other vehicles on simulated terrain around Kuwait , using multiple supercomputers in the DoD High Performance Computer Modernization Program . Other examples include a 1 - billion - atom model of material deformation ; a 2.64 - million - atom model of the complex protein - producing organelle of all living organisms , the ribosome , in 2005 ; a complete simulation of the life cycle of Mycoplasma genitalium in 2012 ; and the Blue Brain project at EPFL ( Switzerland ) , begun in May 2005 to create the first computer simulation of the entire human brain , right down to the molecular level . </P> <P> Because of the computational cost of simulation , computer experiments are used to perform inference such as uncertainty quantification . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Simulation versus model </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Data preparation </Li> <Li> 4 Types </Li> <Li> 5 Visualization </Li> <Li> 6 Computer simulation in science <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Simulation environments for physics and engineering </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Computer simulation in practical contexts </Li> <Li> 8 Pitfalls <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Model calibration techniques </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <H2> Simulation versus model ( edit ) </H2> <P> A computer model is the algorithms and equations used to capture the behavior of the system being modeled . By contrast , computer simulation is the actual running of the program that contains these equations or algorithms . Simulation , therefore , is the process of running a model . Thus one would not `` build a simulation '' ; instead , one would `` build a model '' , and then either `` run the model '' or equivalently `` run a simulation '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Computer simulation developed hand - in - hand with the rapid growth of the computer , following its first large - scale deployment during the Manhattan Project in World War II to model the process of nuclear detonation . It was a simulation of 12 hard spheres using a Monte Carlo algorithm . Computer simulation is often used as an adjunct to , or substitute for , modeling systems for which simple closed form analytic solutions are not possible . There are many types of computer simulations ; their common feature is the attempt to generate a sample of representative scenarios for a model in which a complete enumeration of all possible states of the model would be prohibitive or impossible . </P> <H2> Data preparation ( edit ) </H2> <P> The external data requirements of simulations and models vary widely . For some , the input might be just a few numbers ( for example , simulation of a waveform of AC electricity on a wire ) , while others might require terabytes of information ( such as weather and climate models ) . </P> <P> Input sources also vary widely : </P> <Ul> <Li> Sensors and other physical devices connected to the model ; </Li> <Li> Control surfaces used to direct the progress of the simulation in some way ; </Li> <Li> Current or historical data entered by hand ; </Li> <Li> Values extracted as a by - product from other processes ; </Li> <Li> Values output for the purpose by other simulations , models , or processes . </Li> </Ul> <P> Lastly , the time at which data is available varies : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` invariant '' data is often built into the model code , either because the value is truly invariant ( e.g. , the value of π ) or because the designers consider the value to be invariant for all cases of interest ; </Li> <Li> data can be entered into the simulation when it starts up , for example by reading one or more files , or by reading data from a preprocessor ; </Li> <Li> data can be provided during the simulation run , for example by a sensor network . </Li> </Ul> <P> Because of this variety , and because diverse simulation systems have many common elements , there are a large number of specialized simulation languages . The best - known may be Simula ( sometimes called Simula - 67 , after the year 1967 when it was proposed ) . There are now many others . </P> <P> Systems that accept data from external sources must be very careful in knowing what they are receiving . While it is easy for computers to read in values from text or binary files , what is much harder is knowing what the accuracy ( compared to measurement resolution and precision ) of the values are . Often they are expressed as `` error bars '' , a minimum and maximum deviation from the value range within which the true value ( is expected to ) lie . Because digital computer mathematics is not perfect , rounding and truncation errors multiply this error , so it is useful to perform an `` error analysis '' to confirm that values output by the simulation will still be usefully accurate . </P> <P> Even small errors in the original data can accumulate into substantial error later in the simulation . While all computer analysis is subject to the `` GIGO '' ( garbage in , garbage out ) restriction , this is especially true of digital simulation . Indeed , observation of this inherent , cumulative error in digital systems was the main catalyst for the development of chaos theory . </P> <H2> Types ( edit ) </H2> <P> Computer models can be classified according to several independent pairs of attributes , including : </P> <Ul> <Li> Stochastic or deterministic ( and as a special case of deterministic , chaotic ) -- see external links below for examples of stochastic vs. deterministic simulations </Li> <Li> Steady - state or dynamic </Li> <Li> Continuous or discrete ( and as an important special case of discrete , discrete event or DE models ) </Li> <Li> Dynamic system simulation , e.g. electric systems , hydraulic systems or multi-body mechanical systems ( described primarely by DAE : s ) or dynamics simulation of field problems , e.g. CFD of FEM simulations ( described by PDE : s ) . </Li> <Li> Local or distributed . </Li> </Ul> <P> Another way of categorizing models is to look at the underlying data structures . For time - stepped simulations , there are two main classes : </P> <Ul> <Li> Simulations which store their data in regular grids and require only next - neighbor access are called stencil codes . Many CFD applications belong to this category . </Li> <Li> If the underlying graph is not a regular grid , the model may belong to the meshfree method class . </Li> </Ul> <P> Equations define the relationships between elements of the modeled system and attempt to find a state in which the system is in equilibrium . Such models are often used in simulating physical systems , as a simpler modeling case before dynamic simulation is attempted . </P> <Ul> <Li> Dynamic simulations model changes in a system in response to ( usually changing ) input signals . </Li> <Li> Stochastic models use random number generators to model chance or random events ; </Li> <Li> A discrete event simulation ( DES ) manages events in time . Most computer , logic - test and fault - tree simulations are of this type . In this type of simulation , the simulator maintains a queue of events sorted by the simulated time they should occur . The simulator reads the queue and triggers new events as each event is processed . It is not important to execute the simulation in real time . It is often more important to be able to access the data produced by the simulation and to discover logic defects in the design or the sequence of events . </Li> <Li> A continuous dynamic simulation performs numerical solution of differential - algebraic equations or differential equations ( either partial or ordinary ) . Periodically , the simulation program solves all the equations and uses the numbers to change the state and output of the simulation . Applications include flight simulators , construction and management simulation games , chemical process modeling , and simulations of electrical circuits . Originally , these kinds of simulations were actually implemented on analog computers , where the differential equations could be represented directly by various electrical components such as op - amps . By the late 1980s , however , most `` analog '' simulations were run on conventional digital computers that emulate the behavior of an analog computer . </Li> <Li> A special type of discrete simulation that does not rely on a model with an underlying equation , but can nonetheless be represented formally , is agent - based simulation . In agent - based simulation , the individual entities ( such as molecules , cells , trees or consumers ) in the model are represented directly ( rather than by their density or concentration ) and possess an internal state and set of behaviors or rules that determine how the agent 's state is updated from one time - step to the next . </Li> <Li> Distributed models run on a network of interconnected computers , possibly through the Internet . Simulations dispersed across multiple host computers like this are often referred to as `` distributed simulations '' . There are several standards for distributed simulation , including Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol ( ALSP ) , Distributed Interactive Simulation ( DIS ) , the High Level Architecture ( simulation ) ( HLA ) and the Test and Training Enabling Architecture ( TENA ) . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Visualization ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly , the output data from a computer simulation was sometimes presented in a table or a matrix showing how data were affected by numerous changes in the simulation parameters . The use of the matrix format was related to traditional use of the matrix concept in mathematical models . However , psychologists and others noted that humans could quickly perceive trends by looking at graphs or even moving - images or motion - pictures generated from the data , as displayed by computer - generated - imagery ( CGI ) animation . Although observers could not necessarily read out numbers or quote math formulas , from observing a moving weather chart they might be able to predict events ( and `` see that

Computer-based models of real-life situations are called

Computer based models of real life situation are called?

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Kim Matula - wikipedia <H1> Kim Matula </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kim Matula </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Kim Matula at the 2014 Daytime Emmy Nominees Reception </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Kimberly Marie Matula ( 1988 - 08 - 23 ) August 23 , 1988 ( age 29 ) Fort Worth , Texas , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Kim Matula </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2006 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> Hope Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kimberly Marie `` Kim '' Matula ( born August 23 , 1988 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Life and career </Li> <Li> 2 Filmography </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Life and career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Matula was born in Fort Worth , Texas to David and Karin Matula . She is of Norwegian ancestry . Matula has always dreamed of acting and created videos of her acting . She studied film at the University of Texas at Arlington , but dropped out because her acting career was taking off . In 2008 , Matula appeared in the Lifetime movie Queen Sized , and in next year moved to Los Angeles , then in 2010 , she landed the role of Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful . </P> <P> In 2014 , Matula was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series . In her two final years on the soap , Matula 's character had major storylines . In November 2014 , it was announced that Matula had not renewed her contract and would be departing the series for a career in primetime television and film . </P> <P> In 2016 , Matula joined the cast of the second season of the critically acclaimed Lifetime dark comedy - drama series , Unreal . </P> <P> As of 2018 she has a leading role in the Fox comedy series LA to Vegas . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Savage Spirit </Td> <Td> Megan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Queen Sized </Td> <Td> Tara </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> How I Met Your Mother </Td> <Td> Girl </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Definitions '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 2014 , 2015 , 2016 </Td> <Td> The Bold and the Beautiful </Td> <Td> Hope Logan </Td> <Td> Series regular : January 11 , 2010 -- December 12 , 2014 Guest : April 17 and 20 , 2015 and March 16 , 2016 Nominated -- Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series ( 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crown thy Good </Td> <Td> Claire </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Spilt Milk </Td> <Td> Sabrina </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cool Wheels </Td> <Td> Stacy McFuggins </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> The Defenders </Td> <Td> Mia </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Nevada v. Doug the Mule '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Broken Strings </Td> <Td> Wind / Heidi Lewis </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Dawn Patrol </Td> <Td> Donna </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Almost Royal </Td> <Td> Herself </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Los Angeles '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Maybe Someday </Td> <Td> Lacey </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> UnReal </Td> <Td> Tiffany </Td> <Td> Series regular ( Season 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> LA to Vegas </Td> <Td> Veronica `` Ronnie '' Messing </Td> <Td> Main role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Fighting with My Family </Td> <Td> Jeri - Lyn </Td> <Td> Filming </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Kim Matula 411 '' . Soap Opera Digest . 2010 - 01 - 11 . Archived from the original on 2014 - 08 - 18 . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kimberly Matula Playing Hope Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful - Soaps.com '' . Soaps.sheknows.com . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Emmy Award Nominations '' . New York : emmyonline.org and National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences . May 1 , 2014 . Archived from the original on June 23 , 2014 . Retrieved May 1 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` No Hope For The Future : Kim Matula Quits The Bold and The Beautiful ! '' . Daytime Confidential . Retrieved 9 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kim Matula Leaving The Bold and the Beautiful ! '' . Michael Fairman On - Air On - Soaps . Retrieved 9 November 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Elizabeth Wagmeister . `` ' UnReal ' Season 2 Cast : Meagan Tandy & Kim Matula to Play Contestants - Variety '' . Variety . Retrieved 19 February 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kimberly Matula . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Kim Matula on IMDb </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Matula&oldid=833303997 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> American people of Norwegian descent </Li> <Li> American soap opera actresses </Li> <Li> American voice actresses </Li> <Li> American stage actresses </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from Texas </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> 1988 births </Li> <Li> Actresses from Fort Worth , Texas </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017 </Li> <Li> Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles containing potentially dated statements </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> 4 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 30 March 2018 , at 19 : 06 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The role of Hope on The Bold and the Beautiful is played by

Who plays hope on the bold and beautiful?

-7596137699185694907

Coral Sea - wikipedia <H1> Coral Sea </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Coral Sea ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Coral Sea </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 18 ° S 158 ° E  /  18 ° S 158 ° E  / - 18 ; 158 Coordinates : 18 ° S 158 ° E  /  18 ° S 158 ° E  / - 18 ; 158 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Aerial </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basin countries </Th> <Td> Australia , New Caledonia ( France ) , Papua New Guinea , Solomon Islands , Vanuatu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface area </Th> <Td> 4,791,000 km ( 1,850,000 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average depth </Th> <Td> 2,394 m ( 7,854 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max . depth </Th> <Td> 9,140 m ( 29,990 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water volume </Th> <Td> 11,470,000 km ( 9.30 × 10 acre ⋅ ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> References </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Coral Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific off the northeast coast of Australia , and classified as an interim Australian bioregion . The Coral Sea extends 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) down the Australian northeast coast . </P> <P> It is bounded in the west by the east coast of Queensland , thereby including the Great Barrier Reef , in the east by Vanuatu ( formerly the New Hebrides ) and by New Caledonia , and in the northeast approximately by the southern extremity of the Solomon Islands . In the northwest , it reaches to the south coast of eastern New Guinea , thereby including the Gulf of Papua . It merges with the Tasman Sea in the south , with the Solomon Sea in the north and with the Pacific Ocean in the east . On the west , it is bounded by the mainland coast of Queensland , and in the northwest , it connects with the Arafura Sea through the Torres Strait . </P> <P> The sea is characterised by its warm and stable climate , with frequent rains and tropical cyclones . It contains numerous islands and reefs , as well as the world 's largest reef system , the Great Barrier Reef ( GBR ) , which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1981 . All previous oil exploration projects were terminated at the GBR in 1975 , and fishing is restricted in many areas . The reefs and islands of the Coral Sea are particularly rich in birds and aquatic life and are a popular tourist destination , both nationally and internationally . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Extent </Li> <Li> 2 Geology </Li> <Li> 3 Hydrology </Li> <Li> 4 Climate <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Winds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Flora </Li> <Li> 6 Fauna </Li> <Li> 7 Human activities </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Extent ( edit ) </H2> A map of the Coral Sea Islands . <P> While the Great Barrier Reef with its islands and cays belong to Queensland , most reefs and islets east of it are part of the Coral Sea Islands Territory . In addition , some islands west of and belonging to New Caledonia are also part of the Coral Sea Islands in a geographical sense , such as the Chesterfield Islands and Bellona Reefs . </P> <P> The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Coral Sea as follows : </P> <P> On the North . The South coast of New Guinea from the entrance to the Bensbach River ( 141 ° 01'E ) to Gadogadoa Island near its Southeastern extreme ( 10 ° 38 ′ S 150 ° 34 ′ E  /  10.633 ° S 150.567 ° E  / - 10.633 ; 150.567 ) , down this meridian to the 100 fathom line and thence along the Southern edges of Uluma Reef and those extending to the Eastward as far as the Southeast point of Lawik Reef ( 11 ° 43.5 ′ S 153 ° 56.5 ′ E  /  11.7250 ° S 153.9417 ° E  / - 11.7250 ; 153.9417 ) off Tagula Island , thence a line to the Southern extreme of Rennell Island ( Solomon Islands ) and from its Eastern point to Cape Surville , the Eastern extreme of San Cristobal Island ( Makira ) , Solomons ; thence through Nupani Island , the Northwestern of the Santa Cruz Islands ( 10 ° 04.5 ′ S 165 ° 40.5 ′ E  /  10.0750 ° S 165.6750 ° E  / - 10.0750 ; 165.6750 ) to the Northernmost Island of the Duff Islands ( 9 ° 48.5 ′ S 167 ° 06 ′ E  /  9.8083 ° S 167.100 ° E  / - 9.8083 ; 167.100 ) . </P> <P> On the Northeast . From the Northernmost island of the Duff Islands , through these islands to their Southeastern extreme , thence a line to Méré Lava , Vanuatu Islands ( 14 ° 25 ′ S 163 ° 03 ′ E  /  14.417 ° S 163.050 ° E  / - 14.417 ; 163.050 ) and down the Eastern coasts of the islands of this Group to Anatom Island ( 20 ° 11 ′ S 169 ° 51 ′ E  /  20.183 ° S 169.850 ° E  / - 20.183 ; 169.850 ) in such a way that all the islands of these Groups , and the straits separating them , are included in the Coral Sea . </P> <P> On the Southeast . A line from the Southeastern extreme of Anatom Island to Nokanhoui ( reefs ) ( 22 ° 46 ′ S 167 ° 34 ′ E  /  22.767 ° S 167.567 ° E  / - 22.767 ; 167.567 ) off the Southeast extreme of New Caledonia , thence through the East point of Middleton Reef to the Eastern extreme of Elizabeth Reef ( 29 ° 55 ′ S 159 ° 02 ′ E  /  29.917 ° S 159.033 ° E  / - 29.917 ; 159.033 ) and down this meridian to Latitude 30 ° South . </P> <P> On the South . The parallel of 30 ° South to the Australian coast . </P> <P> On the West . The Eastern limit of the Arafura Sea ( The entrance to the Bensbak River ( 141 ° 01'E ) , and thence a line to the Northwest extreme of York Peninsula , Australia ( 11 ° 05 ′ S 142 ° 03 ′ E  /  11.083 ° S 142.050 ° E  / - 11.083 ; 142.050 ) ) and the East Coast of Australia as far south as Latitude 30 ° South . </P> <H2> Geology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Coral Sea basin was formed between 58 million and 48 million years ago when the Queensland continental shelf was uplifted , forming the Great Dividing Range , and continental blocks subsided at the same time . The sea has been an important source of coral for the Great Barrier Reef , both during its formation and after sea level lowering . </P> <P> The geological formation processes are still proceeding , as partly evidenced by the seismic activity . Several hundred earthquakes with the magnitude between 2 and 6 were recorded in the period 1866 -- 2000 along the Queensland coast and in the Coral Sea . On 2 April 2007 , the Solomon Islands were struck by a major earthquake followed by a several metres tall tsunami . The epicentre of this magnitude 8.1 earthquake was 349 km ( 217 mi ) northwest of Honiara , at a depth of 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) . It was followed by more than 44 aftershocks of a magnitude 5.0 or greater . The resulting tsunami killed at least 52 people and destroyed more than 900 homes . </P> <P> The sea received its name because of its numerous coral formations . They include the GBR , which extends about 2,000 km ( 1,200 mi ) along the northeast coast of Australia and includes approximately 2,900 individual reefs and 1000 islands . The Chesterfield Islands and Lihou Reef are the largest atolls of the Coral Sea . </P> <H2> Hydrology ( edit ) </H2> Thermal profile of the East Australian Current <P> Major Coral Sea currents form a counter-clockwise gyro which includes the East Australian Current . It brings warm nutrient - poor waters from the Coral Sea down the east coast of Australia to the cool waters of the Tasman Sea . This current is the strongest along the Australian coasts and transforms 30 million m / s of water within a flow band of about 100 kilometres wide and 500 metres deep . The current is strongest around February and weakest around August . </P> <P> The major river flowing into the sea is the Burdekin River , which has its delta southeast of Townsville . Owing to the seasonal and annual variations in occurrence of cyclones and in precipitation ( typically between 200 and 1600 mm / year ) , its annual discharge can vary more than 10 times between the two succeeding years . In particular , in the period 1920 -- 1999 , the average flow rate near the delta was below 1000 m / s in 1923 , 1931 , 1939 , 1969 , 1982 , 1985 , 1987 , 1993 and 1995 ; it was above 25,000 m / s in 1927 , 1940 , 1946 , 1950 , 1951 , 1959 , 1968 , 1972 , 1974 and 1991 , and reached about 40,000 m / s in 1946 . This irregularity results in concomitant fluctuations of the sea water composition near the river delta . </P> <P> The surface water temperature varies on the south of the sea from 19 ° C in August to 24 ° C in February . It is rather warm and stable at 27 -- 28 ° С in the north all through the year . Water salinity is 34.5 -- 35.5 ‰ ( parts per thousand ) . The water is mostly very clear , with the visibility of about 30 metres ( 100 ft ) near the reefs . </P> <H2> Climate ( edit ) </H2> Tropical Cyclone Larry over the Great Barrier Reef , 19 March 2006 <P> The sea has a subtropical climate and is frequently hit by tropical cyclones , especially between January and April . This range extends to November -- May in the areas south to 10 ° S. Between 1969 and 1997 , the GBR experienced 80 cyclones , 90 % which were of category 1 or 2 ( winds 17 -- 33 m / s , central pressure 970 -- 1000 hPa ) and only 10 % of category 3 ( winds > 33 m / s , pressure < 970 hPa ) . The cyclone frequency decreased between 1997 and 2005 to 1.5 per year ( 12 in total ) . </P> <P> Annual rainfall typically ranges between 1,000 and 3,000 mm depending on the area . Most rains fall between December and March , in bursts of 30 -- 60 days . The number of clear days per year varies approximately between 80 and 125 , and the typical temperature variation through the year are 18 -- 27 ° C . </P> <P> Climate change made it 175 times more likely that the surface waters of the Coral Sea would reach the record - breaking temperatures March 2016 that bleached reefs , modeling analysis showed . </P> <H3> Winds ( edit ) </H3> <P> Winds in the Coral Sea can be classified by season , longitude and latitude . Southeasterly trade winds dominate

The Coral Sea meets the Pacific Ocean in the

Where does the coral sea meet the pacific ocean?

4329295475133508270

wikipedia <H1> Salt mining </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about mining for salt . For the secret CIA prison , see Salt Pit . Modern rock - salt mine near Mount Morris , New York <P> A salt mine is a mine from which halite , commonly known as rock salt , is extracted from evaporite formations . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Mining regions around the world </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Diorama of an underground salt mine in Germany . Inside Salina Veche , in Slănic , Prahova , Romania . The railing ( lower middle ) gives the viewer an idea of scale . <P> Before the advent of the modern internal combustion engine and earth moving equipment , mining salt was one of the most expensive and dangerous of operations , due to rapid dehydration caused by constant contact with the salt ( both in the mine passages and scattered in the air as salt dust ) , among other problems borne of accidental excessive sodium intake . While salt is now plentiful , until the Industrial Revolution it was difficult to come by , and salt mining was often done by slave or prison labor and life expectancy among those sentenced was low . </P> <P> In ancient Rome , salt on the table was a mark of a rich patron ; those who sat nearer the host were `` above the salt '' , and those less favored were `` below the salt '' . The Roman historian Pliny the Elder stated as an aside in his Natural History 's discussion of sea water , that `` ( I ) n Rome ... the soldier 's pay was originally salt and the word ' salary ' derives from it ... '' </P> <P> Ancient China was among the earliest civilizations in the world with cultivation and trade of salt mining . They first discovered natural gas when they excavated rock salt . The Chinese writer , poet , and politician Zhang Hua of the Jin Dynasty wrote in his book Bowuzhi how people in Zigong , Sichuan excavated natural gas and used it to boil a rock salt solution . The ancient Chinese gradually mastered and advanced the techniques of producing salt . Salt mining was an arduous task for the ancient Chinese , who faced geographical and technological constraints . Salt was mainly extracted from the sea , and salt works in the coastal areas in late imperial China equated to more than 80 percent of national production . In conjunction with this , the Chinese made use of natural crystallization of salt lakes and constructed some artificial evaporation basins close to shore . In 1041 , during the medieval Song dynasty , a well with a diameter about the size of a bowl and several dozen feet deep was drilled for salt production . In Southwestern China , natural salt deposits were mined with bores that could reach to a depth of more than 1000 meters but the yields of ground and salt were relatively low . As salt was a necessity of life for human civilization , salt mining played a pivotal role as one of the most important sources of Imperial Chinese government revenue and state development . </P> <P> Most modern salt mines are privately operated or operated by large multinational companies such K + S , AkzoNobel , Cargill , and Compass Minerals . </P> <H2> Mining regions around the world ( edit ) </H2> The Crystal Valley region of the Khewra Salt Mines in Pakistan . With around 250,000 visitors a year , the site is a major tourist attraction . A small mosque made of salt bricks inside the Khewra Salt Mines complex <P> Areas known for their salt mines include : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Site / s </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Hallstatt and Salzkammergut . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bosnia </Td> <Td> Tuzla </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bulgaria </Td> <Td> Provadiya ; and Solnitsata , an ancient town believed by Bulgarian archaeologists to be the oldest in Europe and the site of a salt production facility approximately six millennia ago . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> Sifto Salt Mine in Goderich , Ontario , which , at 1.5 miles ( 2.4 km ) wide and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) long , is one of the largest salt mines in the world extending 7 km ( 2.7 sq mi ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Colombia </Td> <Td> Zipaquirá </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> England </Td> <Td> The `` - wich towns '' of Cheshire and Worcestershire . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ethiopia , Eritrea , Djibouti </Td> <Td> Danakil Desert , where manual labor is used . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Rheinberg , Berchtesgaden , Heilbronn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Racalmuto , Realmonte and Petralia Soprana within the production sites managed by Italkali . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Morocco </Td> <Td> JMS salt mine in Khemisset . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> N. Ireland </Td> <Td> Kilroot , near Carrickfergus , more than a century old and containing passages whose combined length exceeds 25 km . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pakistan </Td> <Td> Khewra Salt Mines , the world 's second largest salt - mining operation , spanning over 300 km . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> Wieliczka and Bochnia , both established in the mid-13th century and still operating , mostly as museums . Kłodawa Salt Mine . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romania </Td> <Td> Slănic ( with Salina Veche , Europe 's largest salt mine ) , Cacica , Ocnele Mari , Salina Turda , Târgu Ocna , Ocna Sibiului , Praid and Salina Ocna Dej . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Solikamsk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hutchinson , Kansas , Underground mining began at Hutchinson in 1923 . In 1990 the Hutchinson Salt Company was formed and purchased the mine . </Li> <Li> Avery Island , Louisiana ; </Li> <Li> Detroit , Michigan , 1,100 feet ( 340 m ) beneath which the Detroit Salt Company 's 1,500 - acre ( 10 km ) subterranean complex extends ; </Li> <Li> Saltville , Virginia , which served as the site of one of the Confederacy 's main saltworks . </Li> <Li> Western New York and Central New York , location of American Rock Salt , the largest operating salt mine in the United States with a capacity for producing up to 18,000 tons each day . Syracuse earned the nickname `` The Salt City '' for its salt mining , an activity that continues in the region to the present day . </Li> </Ul> <P> Houston , Texas , near Minute Maid Park is a newly discovered saltworks . Grand Saline in East Texas has a Morton Salt mine . It is one of the largest in the world . </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Salt mines </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Khewra </Li> <Li> Schacht Asse II </Li> <Li> Turda </Li> <Li> Wieliczka </Li> <Li> Windsor </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> General </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Salt evaporation pond </Li> <Li> Salt lake </Li> <Li> Salt dome </Li> <Li> Miner </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Oilfield Glossary : Term ' evaporite ' '' . Glossary.oilfield.slb.com . Retrieved 2012 - 02 - 13 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' ' Plinius Naturalis Historia XXXI . ' ' '' . Penelope.uchicago.edu . Retrieved 2012 - 02 - 13 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Harris , Peter ( 2017 ) . Studies in the History of Tax Law . 8 . Hart Publications ( published August 10 , 2017 ) . p. 518 . ISBN 978 - 1509908370 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Deng , Yinke ( 2011 ) . `` Ancient Chinese Inventions '' . p. 41 . ISBN 978 - 0521186926 . Missing or empty url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Höllmann , Thomas O. ( 2013 ) . The Land of the Five Flavors : A Cultural History of Chinese Cuisine . Columbia University Press ( published November 26 , 2013 ) . p. 33 . ISBN 978 - 0231161862 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Deng , Yinke ( 2011 ) . `` Ancient Chinese Inventions '' . p. 41 . ISBN 978 - 0521186926 . Missing or empty url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Maugh II , Thomas H. ( 1 November 2012 ) . `` Bulgarians find oldest European town , a salt production center '' . The Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 5 December 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Industries in Godrich '' . Archived from the original on December 26 , 2007 . Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 08 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CBC - TV - Geologic Journey - Goderich , Ontario and Detroit Michigan '' . CBC 2012 . Retrieved 3 August 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Salt mine in the Danakil Depression in Ethiopia , 2015 '' . Independent Travellers . independent-travellers.com . Retrieved July 14 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Italkali Spa - Production Sites '' . Archived from the original ( online ) on 2012 - 03 - 31 . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Detroit Salt Company -- Explore the City under the City '' . Archived from the original ( online ) on 2009 - 04 - 12 . Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 08 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Spector , Joseph ( 13 Jan 2015 ) . `` American Rock Salt to expand in LIvingston '' . Democrat and Chronicle . Retrieved 20 July 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` All 17 Cargill Salt Miners Trapped on Underground Elevator Freed '' . NBC News . January 7 , 2016 . Retrieved January 7 , 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salt mining . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> JMS Salt - production site </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Salt </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> History of salt </Li> <Li> In the American Civil War </Li> <Li> International Salt Co. v. United States </Li> <Li> In Middlewich </Li> <Li> Old Salt Route </Li> <Li> In Chinese history </Li> <Li> Salt March </Li> <Li> Salt road </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Types </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Abraum </Li> <Li> Alaea </Li> <Li> Alberger </Li> <Li> Bittern </Li> <Li> Black lava </Li> <Li> Butter </Li> <Li> Celery </Li> <Li> Curing </Li> <Li> Cyclic </Li> <Li> Dairy </Li> <Li> Flake </Li> <Li> Fleur de sel </Li> <Li> Garlic </Li> <Li> Himalayan </Li> <Li> Iodised </Li> <Li> Kala namak </Li> <Li> Kosher ( Korean sea ) </Li> <Li> LoSalt </Li> <Li> Calcium chloride </Li> <Li> Pickling </Li> <Li> Potassium chloride </Li> <Li> Potassium nitrate </Li> <Li> Sodium nitrate </Li> <Li> Onion </Li> <Li> Rock </Li> <Li> Sea salt </Li> <Li> Seasoned </Li> <Li> Sel gris </Li> <Li> Smoked </Li> <Li> Truffle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Food usage </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brining </Li> <Li> Salting </Li> <Li> Brined cheese </Li> <Li> Salt - cured meat </Li> <Li> Salted fish </Li> <Li> Health effects </Li> <Li> Salt and cardiovascular disease </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commerce and industry </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Salt Industry Commission </Li> <Li> Evaporation pond </Li> <Li> Production <Ul> <Li> Salt mining </Li> <Li> Open - pan salt making </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> List of countries by

Salt is mined in the United States in

Where is salt mined in the united states?

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Guinness World Records - wikipedia <H1> Guinness World Records </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Guinness World Records <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor </Th> <Td> Craig Glenday ( ed . ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> Simon Jones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English , Arabic , Azerbaijani , Bulgarian , Chinese , Croatian , Czech , Danish , Dutch , Estonian , Filipino , Finnish , French , German , Greek , Hebrew , Hungarian , Icelandic , Italian , Japanese , Korean , Latvian , Lithuanian , Norwegian , Persian , Polish , Portuguese , Romanian , Russian , Slovak , Slovene , Spanish , Swedish and Turkish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subject </Th> <Td> World Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Reference </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Jim Pattison Group </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 10 November 1951 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published in English </Th> <Td> 27 August 1955 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Book , television </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London in August 1954 . </P> <P> The book itself holds a world record , as the best - selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2017 edition , it is now in its 62nd year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records ; the organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Evolution </Li> <Li> 3 Defining records <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Ethical and safety issues </Li> <Li> 3.2 Difficulty in defining records </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Verifying existing records </Li> <Li> 5 Museums </Li> <Li> 6 Television series </Li> <Li> 7 Gamer 's edition </Li> <Li> 8 British pop music volume </Li> <Li> 9 Other media <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Video games </Li> <Li> 9.2 Film </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 10 November 1951 , Sir Hugh Beaver , then the managing director of the Guinness Breweries , went on a shooting party in the North Slob , by the River Slaney in County Wexford , Ireland . After missing a shot at a golden plover , he became involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe , the golden plover or the red grouse ( it is the plover ) . That evening at Castlebridge House , he realized that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europe 's fastest game bird . Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and abroad , but there was no book in the world with which to settle arguments about records . He realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful . </P> <P> Beaver 's idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter , who had been running a fact - finding agency in London . The twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became The Guinness Book of Records in August 1954 . A thousand copies were printed and given away . </P> <P> After the founding of The Guinness Book of Records at 107 Fleet Street , London , the first 198 - page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas . The following year , it launched in the US , and sold 70,000 copies . Since then , Guinness World Records has become a household name and the global leader in world records . The book has gone on to become a record breaker in its own right ; with sales of more than 100 million copies in 100 different countries and 37 languages , Guinness World Records is the world 's best selling copyright book ever . </P> Japanese competitive eater Takeru Kobayashi with two Guinness World Record certificates The North Beach ( Nazaré , Portugal ) listed on the Guinness World Records for the biggest waves ever surfed . <P> Because the book became a surprise hit , many further editions were printed , eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year , published in September / October , in time for Christmas . The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years . Both brothers had an encyclopedic memory ; on the TV series Record Breakers , based upon the book , they would take questions posed by children in the audience on various world records and were able to give the correct answer . Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975 . Following Ross ' assassination , the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called Norris on the Spot . </P> <P> Guinness Superlatives ( later Guinness World Records ) Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book . Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the Guinness book in the US for decades . The group was owned by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001 , when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment . Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002 . In 2006 , Apax Partners purchased HiT and subsequently sold Guinness World Records in early 2008 to the Jim Pattison Group , the parent company of Ripley Entertainment , which is licensed to operate Guinness World Records ' Attractions . With offices in New York City and Tokyo , Guinness World Records ' global headquarters remain in London , while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando , Florida , US . </P> <H2> Evolution ( edit ) </H2> Lucky Diamond Rich is `` the world 's most tattooed person '' , and has tattoos covering his entire body . He holds the Guinness world record as of 2006 , being 100 percent tattooed . <P> Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors . Competitions range from obvious ones such as Olympic weightlifting to the longest egg tossing distances , or for longest time spent playing Grand Theft Auto IV or the number of hot dogs that can be consumed in ten minutes , although eating and alcohol consumption entries are no longer accepted , possibly for fear of litigation . Besides records about competitions , it contains such facts as the heaviest tumour , the most poisonous plant , the shortest river ( Roe River ) , the two longest - running dramas ( General Hospital and Guiding Light ) in the US , and the world 's most successful salesman ( Joe Girard ) , among others . Many records also relate to the youngest person who achieved something , such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world , being Maurizio Giuliano . </P> Clyde Beatty holds the record for mixing 40 lions and tigers in one cage with himself <P> Each edition contains a selection of the records from the Guinness database , as well as select new records ; the criteria for inclusion having changed over the years . </P> <P> The ousting of Norris McWhirter from his consulting role in 1995 and the subsequent decision by Diageo Plc to sell the Guinness World Records brand have shifted it from a text - oriented to an illustrated reference book ( `` style over substance '' ) . The majority of world records are no longer listed in the book or on the website , and can only be determined by a written application to Guinness to ' break ' the record . For those unable to wait the 4 -- 6 weeks for a reply , Guinness will process a ' fast - track ' application for £ 300 ( US $450 ) ( EU300 ) . </P> <P> The Guinness Book of Records is the world 's most sold copyrighted book , earning it an entry within its own pages . A number of spin - off books and television series have also been produced . </P> <P> Guinness World Records bestowed the record of `` Person with the most records '' on Ashrita Furman of Queens , NY in April 2009 . At that time , he held 100 records . </P> <P> In 2005 , Guinness designated 9 November as International Guinness World Records Day to encourage breaking of world records . In 2006 , an estimated 100,000 people participated in over 10 countries . Guinness reported 2,244 new records in 12 months , which was a 173 % increase over the previous year . In February 2008 , NBC aired The Top 100 Guinness World Records of All Time and Guinness World Records made the complete list available on their website . </P> <H2> Defining Records ( edit ) </H2> Sultan Kösen ( Turkey ) is the tallest living person since 17 September 2009 , as verified by Guinness World Records . Play media Cracking open a wheel of Parmigiano - Reggiano cheese as a part of a 2013 world record by Whole Foods Market . <P> For many records , Guinness World Records is the effective authority on the exact requirements for them and with whom records reside , the company providing adjudicators to events to determine the veracity of record attempts . The list of records which the Guinness World Records covers is not fixed ; records may be added and also removed for various reasons . The public are invited to submit applications for records , which can be either the bettering of existing records or substantial achievements which could constitute a new record . The company also provides corporate services for companies to `` harness the power of record - breaking to deliver tangible success for their businesses . '' </P> <H3> Ethical and safety issues ( edit ) </H3> Steven Petrosino drinking 1 litre of beer in 1.3 seconds in June 1977 . Petrosino set record times for 250 ml , 500 ml and 1.5 litres as well , but Guinness accepted only the record for one litre . They later dropped all beer and alcohol records from their compendium in 1991 , and reinstated the records in 2008 . <P> Guinness World Records states several types of records it will not accept for ethical reasons , such as those related to the killing or harming of animals . </P> <P> Several world records that were once included in the book have been removed for ethical reasons , including concerns for the well being of potential record breakers . For example , following publication of a `` heaviest fish '' record , many fish owners overfed their pets beyond the bounds of what was healthy , and therefore such entries were removed . The Guinness Book also dropped records within their `` eating and drinking records '' section of Human Achievements in 1991 over concerns that potential competitors could harm themselves and expose the publisher to potential litigation . These changes included the removal of all spirit , wine , and beer drinking records , along with other unusual records for consuming such unlikely things as bicycles and trees .

The Guinness Book of World Records was started by

Who started the guinness book of world records?

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Oilers had played there previously , but moved to the Astrodome several years prior to Super Bowl VIII . The Miami Orange Bowl was the only AFL stadium to host a Super Bowl and the only stadium to host consecutive Super Bowls , hosting Super Bowl II and III . MetLife Stadium in New Jersey , which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII , is the home stadium of two NFL teams : the New York Giants and the New York Jets . </P> <P> This list of examples is not exhaustive ; no team has every qualified for the Super Bowl played in their home stadium . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Host Field </Th> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Season Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston Oilers </Td> <Td> Rice Stadium , Houston , TX </Td> <Td> 1973 ( Super Bowl VIII ) </Td> <Td> 1 -- 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta Falcons </Td> <Td> Georgia Dome , Atlanta , GA </Td> <Td> 1999 ( Super Bowl XXXIV ) </Td> <Td> 5 -- 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indianapolis Colts </Td> <Td> Lucas Oil Stadium , Indianapolis , IN </Td> <Td> 2011 ( Super Bowl XLVI ) </Td> <Td> 2 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Orleans Saints </Td> <Td> Mercedes - Benz Superdome , New Orleans , LA </Td> <Td> 2012 ( Super Bowl XLVII ) </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Jets </Td> <Td> MetLife Stadium , East Rutherford , NJ </Td> <Td> 2013 ( Super Bowl XLVIII ) </Td> <Td> 8 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Giants </Td> <Td> MetLife Stadium , East Rutherford , NJ </Td> <Td> 2013 ( Super Bowl XLVIII ) </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Francisco 49ers </Td> <Td> Levi 's Stadium , Santa Clara , CA </Td> <Td> 2015 ( Super Bowl 50 ) </Td> <Td> 5 -- 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota Vikings </Td> <Td> US Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , MN </Td> <Td> 2017 ( Super Bowl LII ) </Td> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> The non-repeat curse ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since 1993 , few winning teams have followed up their Super Bowl appearances with a second Super Bowl appearance , or even advanced to a conference title game in the subsequent season ( the 1994 Dallas Cowboys qualified for their conference title but did not qualify for the Super Bowl ) . Only seven teams have won back - to - back Super Bowl championships , and only one of these seven have made more than two consecutive winning appearances in the Super Bowl . The only franchise to reach more than three straight title games was the Buffalo Bills who lost four Super Bowls in a row from 1990 -- 93 . </P> <P> Since 2005 , no incumbent holder has managed to successfully defend their title . Between 2006 and 2013 , every defending Super Bowl champion would conclude the following season either losing their opening playoff game or failing to qualify for the playoffs . </P> <P> This list of examples includes every team that has ever had back - to - back appearances at the Super Bowl . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> First Super Bowl Appearance </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Second Super Bowl Appearance </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Third Super Bowl Appearance </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Fourth Super Bowl Appearance </Th> <Th> Score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dallas Cowboys </Td> <Td> 1970 ( Super Bowl V ) </Td> <Td> 13 -- 16 </Td> <Td> 1971 ( Super Bowl VI ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 3 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miami Dolphins </Td> <Td> 1971 ( Super Bowl VI ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 1972 ( Super Bowl VII ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 1973 ( Super Bowl VIII ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> <Td> 1974 ( Super Bowl IX ) </Td> <Td> 16 - 6 </Td> <Td> 1975 ( Super Bowl X ) </Td> <Td> 17 -- 21 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> <Td> 1978 ( Super Bowl XIII ) </Td> <Td> 35 -- 31 </Td> <Td> 1979 ( Super Bowl XIV ) </Td> <Td> 19 -- 31 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Francisco 49ers </Td> <Td> 1989 ( Super Bowl XXIII ) </Td> <Td> 20 -- 16 </Td> <Td> 1990 ( Super Bowl XXIV ) </Td> <Td> 55 -- 10 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Buffalo Bills </Td> <Td> 1990 ( Super Bowl XXV ) </Td> <Td> 19 -- 20 </Td> <Td> 1991 ( Super Bowl XXVI ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 37 </Td> <Td> 1992 ( Super Bowl XXVII ) </Td> <Td> 17 -- 52 </Td> <Td> 1993 ( Super Bowl XXVIII ) </Td> <Td> 13 -- 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dallas Cowboys </Td> <Td> 1992 ( Super Bowl XXVII ) </Td> <Td> 52 -- 17 </Td> <Td> 1993 ( Super Bowl XXVIII ) </Td> <Td> 30 -- 13 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Green Bay Packers </Td> <Td> 1996 ( Super Bowl XXXI ) </Td> <Td> 35 -- 21 </Td> <Td> 1997 ( Super Bowl XXXII ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 31 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denver Broncos </Td> <Td> 1997 ( Super Bowl XXXII ) </Td> <Td> 31 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 1998 ( Super Bowl XXXIII ) </Td> <Td> 34 -- 19 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New England Patriots </Td> <Td> 2003 ( Super Bowl XXXVIII ) </Td> <Td> 32 -- 29 </Td> <Td> 2004 ( Super Bowl XXXIX ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 21 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seattle Seahawks </Td> <Td> 2013 ( Super Bowl XLVIII ) </Td> <Td> 31 -- 34 </Td> <Td> 2014 ( Super Bowl XLIX ) </Td> <Td> 43 -- 8 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New England Patriots </Td> <Td> 2016 ( Super Bowl LI ) </Td> <Td> 34 -- 28 </Td> <Td> 2017 ( Super Bowl LII ) </Td> <Td> 33 -- 41 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> The losers ' curse ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although many teams experience this phenomenon , it is certainly not the rule . There are many speculations made about potential causal factors for this trend , including the team having a shorter offseason due to their extended postseason play , difficulty settling contracts , more pressure on the players , and an increase in visibility , which could contribute to nervous playing . </P> <P> One piece of the Super Bowl curse asserts the team that loses the Super Bowl will go into losing seasons overall . The trend was especially evident during the early 2000s . </P> <P> This list of examples is not exhaustive . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Super Bowl Season </Th> <Th> Season Record </Th> <Th> Super Bowl Score </Th> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cincinnati Bengals </Td> <Td> 1988 ( Super Bowl XXIII ) </Td> <Td> 12 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 16 -- 20 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denver Broncos </Td> <Td> 1989 ( Super Bowl XXIV ) </Td> <Td> 11 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 55 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Buffalo Bills </Td> <Td> 1993 ( Super Bowl XXVIII ) </Td> <Td> 12 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta Falcons </Td> <Td> 1998 ( Super Bowl XXXIII ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 19 -- 34 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Giants </Td> <Td> 2000 ( Super Bowl XXXV ) </Td> <Td> 12 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 34 </Td> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> St. Louis Rams </Td> <Td> 2001 ( Super Bowl XXXVI ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 17 -- 20 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oakland Raiders </Td> <Td> 2002 ( Super Bowl XXXVII ) </Td> <Td> 11 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 21 -- 48 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Carolina Panthers </Td> <Td> 2003 ( Super Bowl XXXVIII ) </Td> <Td> 11 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 29 -- 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philadelphia Eagles </Td> <Td> 2004 ( Super Bowl XXXIX ) </Td> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 21 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago Bears </Td> <Td> 2006 ( Super Bowl XLI ) </Td> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 17 -- 29 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Carolina Panthers </Td> <Td> 2015 ( Super Bowl 50 ) </Td> <Td> 15 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 24 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` Credit Belichick for beating Super Bowl curse '' . The Sacramento Bee . October 25 , 2006 . pp. C3 . </Li> <Li> Freeman , Mike ( December 12 , 1991 ) . `` Fans cry : Off with Giants ' Head ( Coach ) ! '' . The Washington Post . </Li> <Li> Green Jr. , Ron ( November 5 , 2004 ) . `` Lost - the - Super-Bowl blues afflict Panthers , Raiders '' . The Charlotte Observer . pp. 2C . </Li> <Li> `` Less and more than rumored Miami and the Super Bowl curse '' . Sarasota Herald Tribune . January 30 , 1999 . </Li> <Li> Penner , Mike ( August 27 , 2006 ) . `` Curses are reality to fantasy leaguers '' . Los Angeles Times . pp. D. 2 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Boswell , Thomas ( September 21 , 1992 ) . `` A Curse but not yet a sin '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved October 22 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Gruber , Jack ( February 6 , 2007 ) . `` Champions , for now -- Super Bowl curse could vex Colts , Bears '' . USA Today . Retrieved April 19 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gruber , Jack ( February 6 , 2007 ) . `` Champions , for now -- Super Bowl curse could vex Colts , Bears '' . USA Today . Retrieved April 19 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Simpson , Matt ( September 17 , 2006 ) . `` Seattle out to break Super Bowl curse '' . East Valley Tribune . Retrieved April 19 , 2008 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Maske , Mark ( June 15 , 2006 ) . `` Seahawks hope to buck Super Bowl curse '' . Washington Post . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Super Bowl </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> NFL <Ul> <Li> NFC <Ul> <Li> Championship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> AFC <Ul> <Li> Championship </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Football </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Games </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> 1960s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> I ( 1967 ) </Li> <Li> II (

The last time someone won the Super Bowl back to back was in

When was the last time someone won the super bowl back to back?

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Soak up the Sun - wikipedia <H1> Soak up the Sun </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Soak Up the Sun '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Sheryl Crow </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album C'mon , C'mon </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Chances Are '' , `` You 're Not the One '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 25 March 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pop </Li> <Li> R&B </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 52 ( album version ) 3 : 17 ( radio edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> A&M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sheryl Crow </Li> <Li> Jeff Trott </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Sheryl Crow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sheryl Crow singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( 2002 ) </Td> <Td> `` Steve McQueen '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' ( 1999 ) </Td> <Td> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( 2002 ) </Td> <Td> `` Steve McQueen '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Soak Up The Sun '' at CMT.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Soak Up the Sun '' is the title of a song recorded by American artist Sheryl Crow . It was released in March 2002 as the lead single from her album C'mon C'mon . The song , which features backing vocals by Liz Phair , peaked at number - one on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart and hit number 5 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and # 17 on the Hot 100 chart . In addition , `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( remixed by noted DJ Victor Calderone ) spent one week at # 1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in June 2002 ; to date , this is Crow 's only song to top this chart . It reached # 16 on the UK Singles Chart . It was covered by the Kidz Bop Kids in 2003 . The song was also included on the album `` Nolee Mix '' which was released to promote the My Scene dolls . The song was a staple of radio airplay during the summer of 2002 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Music video </Li> <Li> 2 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 2.1 European CD single ( Cat No. : 497 688 - 2 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 UK CD single # 1 ( Cat No. : 497 704 - 2 ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 UK CD single # 2 ( Cat . No. : 497 705 - 2 ) </Li> <Li> 2.4 CD remixes single ( Cat . No. : 497 721 - 2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The video directed by Wayne Isham and shot on the North Shore of Oahu , Hawaii features Crow performing on the beach , as well as various vacationers surfing in the ocean and jumping off a waterfall . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <H3> European CD single ( Cat No. : 497 688 - 2 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( radio edit ) </Li> <Li> `` Chances Are '' </Li> <Li> `` You 're Not the One '' </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( album version ) </Li> </Ol> <H3> UK CD single # 1 ( Cat No. : 497 704 - 2 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( radio edit ) </Li> <Li> `` Chances Are '' ( non LP track ) </Li> <Li> `` You 're Not the One '' ( non LP track ) </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( video ) </Li> </Ol> <H3> UK CD single # 2 ( Cat . No. : 497 705 - 2 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' ( album version ) </Li> <Li> `` My Favorite Mistake '' ( live version ) </Li> <Li> `` A Change Would Do You Good '' ( live version ) </Li> <Li> CD - ROM Segment , including preview of new album </Li> </Ol> <H3> CD remixes single ( Cat . No. : 497 721 - 2 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' - album version </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' - Sunsweep radio mix </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' - Sunsweep club mix </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' - Sunsweep dub </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' - Sunsweep Ultimix </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' - Ultimix </Li> </Ol> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2002 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austrian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazilian Singles Chart ( ABPD ) </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( Nielsen SoundScan ) </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France ( SNEP ) </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Mega Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> 76 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( RIANZ ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland ( ZPAV ) </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romania ( Romanian Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom ( The Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Dance Club Songs ( Billboard ) Victor Calderone & Mac Quayle Mixes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2002 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Brazil '' ( PDF ) . ABPD . October 6 , 2001 . Retrieved April 1 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://lp3.polskieradio.pl/utwor/artykul444,187_soak_up_the_sun.aspx </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Romanian peak '' . Web.archive.org. 2004 - 12 - 25 . Archived from the original on December 25 , 2004 . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 03 . CS1 maint : Unfit url ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sheryl Crow Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sheryl Crow Chart History ( Adult Contemporary ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sheryl Crow Chart History ( Adult Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sheryl Crow Chart History ( Dance Club Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sheryl Crow Chart History ( Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` They Say Vision '' by Res </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Dance Club Play number - one single June 1 , 2002 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Days Go By '' by Dirty Vegas </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Sheryl Crow </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tuesday Night Music Club </Li> <Li> Sheryl Crow </Li> <Li> The Globe Sessions </Li> <Li> C'mon , C'mon </Li> <Li> Wildflower </Li> <Li> Detours </Li> <Li> Home for Christmas </Li> <Li> 100 Miles from Memphis </Li> <Li> Feels Like Home </Li> <Li> Be Myself </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Very Best of Sheryl Crow </Li> <Li> iTunes Originals </Li> <Li> Hits & Rarities </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sheryl Crow and Friends : Live from Central Park </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Leaving Las Vegas '' </Li> <Li> `` All I Wanna Do '' </Li> <Li> `` Strong Enough '' </Li> <Li> `` Ca n't Cry Anymore '' </Li> <Li> `` Run Baby Run '' </Li> <Li> `` What I Can Do for You '' </Li> <Li> `` If It Makes You Happy '' </Li> <Li> `` Everyday Is a Winding Road '' </Li> <Li> `` Hard to Make a Stand '' </Li> <Li> `` A Change Would Do You Good '' </Li> <Li> `` Home '' </Li> <Li> `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' </Li> <Li> `` My Favorite Mistake '' </Li> <Li> `` There Goes the Neighborhood '' </Li> <Li> `` Anything but Down '' </Li> <Li> `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' </Li> <Li> `` Soak Up the Sun '' </Li> <Li> `` Steve McQueen '' </Li> <Li> `` The First Cut Is the Deepest '' </Li> <Li> `` Light in Your Eyes '' </Li> <Li> `` Good Is Good '' </Li> <Li> `` Perfect Lie '' </Li> <Li> `` Always on Your Side '' </Li> <Li> `` Real Gone '' </Li> <Li> `` Not Fade Away '' </Li> <Li> `` Shine over Babylon '' </Li> <Li> `` Love Is Free '' </Li> <Li> `` Now That You 're Gone '' </Li> <Li> `` Motivation '' </Li> <Li> `` Summer Day '' </Li> <Li> `` Sign Your Name '' </Li> <Li> `` Easy '' </Li> <Li> `` Callin ' Me When I 'm Lonely '' </Li> <Li> `` Shotgun '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Guest singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Picture '' ( with Kid Rock ) </Li> <Li> `` Building Bridges '' ( with Brooks & Dunn and Vince Gill ) </Li> <Li> `` Just Stand Up ! '' </Li> <Li> `` Coal Miner 's Daughter '' ( with Miranda Lambert and Loretta Lynn ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> Ghost Brothers of Darkland County </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soak_Up_the_Sun&oldid=833024077 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2002 singles </Li> <Li> Billboard Dance Club Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> Sheryl Crow songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Sheryl Crow </Li> <Li> Billboard Adult Top 40 number - one singles </Li> <Li> Music videos directed by Wayne Isham </Li> <Li> Songs written by Jeff Trott </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> CS1 maint : Unfit url </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboarddanceclubplay </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "Soak Up the Sun" is sung by

Who sings i'm going to soak up the sun?

2067016910489049269

Edwards ( surname ) - wikipedia <H1> Edwards ( surname ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the surname `` Edwards '' . For other uses , see Edwards . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Edwards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Origin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region of origin </Th> <Td> England , Wales and Scotland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Word / Name </Th> <Td> English , Welsh and Scottish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Meaning </Th> <Td> rarely the `` Son of Edward '' this would be Edwardson , the Modern interpretation of Edward is as the plural `` The family of Edward were known as Edwards '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Footnotes : Frequency Comparison : </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Edwards is a patronymic surname , which arose separately in England and Wales . It means ' son of Edward ' . Edwards is the 14th most common surname in Wales and 21st most common in England . Within the United States , it was ranked as the 49th-most common surname as surveyed in 1990 , falling to 51st in 2014 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Persons with surname Edwards <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1.3 C </Li> <Li> 1.4 D </Li> <Li> 1.5 E </Li> <Li> 1.6 F </Li> <Li> 1.7 G </Li> <Li> 1.8 H </Li> <Li> 1.9 I </Li> <Li> 1.10 J </Li> <Li> 1.11 K </Li> <Li> 1.12 L </Li> <Li> 1.13 M </Li> <Li> 1.14 N </Li> <Li> 1.15 P </Li> <Li> 1.16 R </Li> <Li> 1.17 S </Li> <Li> 1.18 T </Li> <Li> 1.19 W </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Others </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Persons with surname Edwards ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Edwards ( baseball ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Aaron Edwards ( born 1984 ) , Australian rules footballer </Li> <Li> Alex Edwards ( born 1975 ) , English cricketer </Li> <Li> Alex Edwards ( footballer ) ( born 1946 ) , Scottish footballer </Li> <Li> Alexander Edwards ( 1885 -- 1918 ) , Scottish soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross </Li> <Li> Allen Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Amelia Edwards ( 1831 -- 1892 ) , English novelist , journalist and Egyptologist </Li> <Li> Amy Edwards , Australian actress and singer </Li> <Li> Arthur Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Austin Burton Edwards ( 1909 -- 1960 ) , Australian geologist </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Becky Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Bela Bates Edwards ( 1802 -- 1852 ) , American clergyman , author and periodical editor </Li> <Li> Benjamin Edwards ( disambiguation ) , Benjamin and Ben , multiple people </Li> <Li> Bernard Edwards ( American football ) ( born 1969 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Blake Edwards ( 1922 -- 2010 ) , American film director , screenwriter , and producer </Li> <Li> Brian Edwards ( disambiguation ) , Brian and Bryan , multiple people </Li> <Li> Braylon Edwards ( born 1983 ) , American football player </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Caitlyn Edwards ( born 1996 ) , Australian rules footballer </Li> <Li> Carl Edwards ( born 1979 ) , NASCAR driver </Li> <Li> Carl Johannes Edwards ( 1914 -- 85 ) , English stained glass designer </Li> <Li> Charlotte Edwards ( born 1979 ) , English cricketer </Li> <Li> Clancy Edwards ( born 1955 ) , American track and field sprinter </Li> <Li> Chet Edwards ( born 1951 ) , American Democratic Party member of the United States House of Representatives </Li> <Li> Clement Edwards ( 1869 -- 1938 ) , Welsh lawyer , journalist , trade union activist and Liberal politician </Li> <Li> Clarence Ransom Edwards ( 1860 -- 1931 ) , American general </Li> <Li> Colin Edwards ( born 1974 ) , professional motorcycle racer </Li> <Li> Colin Edwards ( footballer ) ( 1991 -- 2013 ) , Guyanese footballer </Li> <Li> Colin Edwards ( journalist ) ( 1924 -- 1994 ) , Welsh journalist </Li> <Li> Craig Edwards ( Australian footballer ) ( born 1961 ) </Li> <Li> Craig Edwards ( English footballer ) ( born 1982 ) </Li> <Li> Craig Edwards ( tennis ) ( born 1955 ) , American tennis player </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Edwards , sculptor </Li> <Li> Daniel R. Edwards , American World War I Medal of Honor recipient </Li> <Li> David Edwards ( disambiguation ) , Dave and David , multiple people </Li> <Li> Derek Edwards , Canadian comedian </Li> <Li> Derek Edwards ( rugby league ) , English rugby fullback </Li> <Li> Douglas Edwards , ( 1917 -- 1990 ) , American television news anchor </Li> <Li> Donna Edwards ( born before 1960 ) , American a lawyer community activist </Li> <Li> Donnie Edwards ( born 1973 ) , former American football linebacker who played for Kansas City Chiefs and the San Diego Chargers </Li> <Li> Duncan Edwards ( 1936 -- 1958 ) , English footballer who played for Manchester United </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Eddie Edwards ( tennis ) , South African tennis player </Li> <Li> Edward Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Edwin Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people , including : <Ul> <Li> Edwin Edwards , governor of Louisiana </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Fidel Edwards ( born 1982 ) , Barbadian cricketer </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Gareth Edwards ( born 1947 ) , Welsh rugby union player </Li> <Li> Gary Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Geoff Edwards ( 1931 -- 2014 ) , TV & radio personality </Li> <Li> George Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Glen Edwards ( pilot ) , test pilot , namesake of Edwards Air Force Base </Li> <Li> Graham Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Gus Edwards ( songwriter ) ( 1879 -- 1945 ) , US - American songwriter and vaudevillian </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Harold Edwards ( mathematician ) ( born 1936 ) , American mathematician </Li> <Li> Harry Stillwell Edwards ( 1855 -- 1938 ) , American journalist , novelist , and poet </Li> <Li> Henrietta Edwards , Canadian feminist and author </Li> <Li> Henry Sutherland Edwards ( 1828 -- 1906 ) , English journalist and author </Li> <Li> Sir Herbert Benjamin Edwardes ( 1819 -- 68 ) , British East India soldier and administrator </Li> <Li> Herm Edwards , Professional American football player and coach </Li> <Li> Hugh Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Sir Hughie Edwards , RAF Air Commodore , Governor of Western Australia </Li> <Li> Huw Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> India Edwards ( died 1990 ) , Vice Chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee </Li> <Li> Iwan Edwards ( born 1937 ) , Canadian choral conductor </Li> </Ul> <H3> J ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jack Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Jackie Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Jango Edwards , US - American clown and entertainer </Li> <Li> Jimmy Edwards , English Comedian </Li> <Li> John Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Jonathan Edwards ( theologian ) ( 1703 -- 1758 ) American theologian </Li> <Li> Jonathan Edwards ( the younger ) ( 1745 -- 1801 ) , also a theologian </Li> <Li> Jonathan Edwards ( triple jumper ) ( born 1966 ) , British triple jumper and religious commentator </Li> <Li> Junior D. Edwards ( 1926 -- 1951 ) , American Medal of Honor recipient </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Kathleen Edwards ( born 1978 ) , Canadian singer - songwriter </Li> <Li> Kathryn Edwards ( born 1964 ) , reality television star in The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills </Li> <Li> Kenny Edwards ( rugby league ) ( born 1989 ) , New Zealand rugby league player </Li> <Li> Kirk Edwards ( born 1983 ) , Barbadian cricketer </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> LaVell Edwards ( 1930 -- 2016 ) , American football coach </Li> <Li> LeRoy Edwards ( 1914 -- 1971 ) , pioneer of early American professional basketball </Li> <Li> Lewis Edwards ( 1809 -- 1887 ) , Welsh educator </Li> <Li> Lewis A. Edwards ( 1811 -- 1879 ) , New York politician </Li> <Li> Louis Edwards ( 1914 -- 1980 ) , Chairman of Manchester United </Li> <Li> Luke Edwards ( born 1980 ) American politician , Republican </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Mark Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Martin Edwards ( born 1945 ) , English football chairman </Li> <Li> Martin Edwards ( author ) ( born 1955 ) , English writer </Li> <Li> Mary Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Michael Edwards ( disambiguation ) , also Mike Edwards , multiple people </Li> <Li> Monroe Edwards ( 1808 - 1847 ) , American forger and slave trader </Li> <Li> Myrtle Edwards ( 1921 -- 2010 ) , Australian cricketer and softball player </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nelson `` Jack '' Edwards ( died 1974 ) , first African - American to hold a seat on the UAW 's International Executive Board </Li> <Li> Ninian Edwards , American politician </Li> <Li> Ninian Wirt Edwards , American politician </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Patrick Edwards , American football player </Li> <Li> Paul Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Perrie Edwards , Singer </Li> <Li> Phil Edwards ( disambiguation ) , Phil and Philip , multiple people </Li> <Li> Pierpont Edwards ( 1750 -- 1826 ) , American lawyer </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> R.T. Edwards , pseudonym of Ron Goulart , writer </Li> <Li> Ray Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Ray K. Edwards ( 1923 -- 1942 ) , United States Marine who received the Silver Star </Li> <Li> Richey Edwards ( 1967 -- 1995 ( presumed ) ) , Welsh musician ( Manic Street Preachers ) </Li> <Li> Robert Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Roger Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Ronnie Claire Edwards ( 1933 - 2016 ) , American actress </Li> <Li> Ronnie Edwards ( c. 1952 - 2016 ) , American politician </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Sally Edwards ( born 1947 ) , American triathlete </Li> <Li> Sam Edwards ( disambiguation ) , Sam and Samuel , multiple people </Li> <Li> Sara Edwards ( born 1962 ) , Welsh television presenter </Li> <Li> Sara Edwards ( American television presenter ) </Li> <Li> Sarah Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Sebastián Edwards , ( born 1953 ) Chilean economist , writer , speaker , UCLA professor , consultant </Li> <Li> Sean Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Shane Edwards ( born 1988 ) , Australian rules football player </Li> <Li> Shane Edwards ( basketball ) ( born 1987 ) , American basketball player </Li> <Li> Shania Twain ( née Eilleen Regina Edwards , born 1965 ) , Canadian singer </Li> <Li> Shaun Edwards ( born 1966 ) , Rugby League player and Rugby Union coach </Li> <Li> Stacy Edwards ( born 1965 ) , American actress </Li> <Li> Stan Edwards ( born 1960 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Stan Edwards ( footballer born 1942 ) , English footballer </Li> <Li> Stan Edwards ( footballer born 1926 ) ( 1926 -- 1989 ) , English footballer </Li> <Li> Steve Edwards ( born 1980 ) , English singer </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Tommy Edwards ( 1922 -- 1969 ) , American singer - songwriter </Li> <Li> Torri Edwards ( born 1977 ) , American sprinter </Li> <Li> Trevor Edwards ( born 1937 ) , Welsh footballer </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Walter Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> William Edwards ( disambiguation ) , multiple people </Li> <Li> Wynn Edwards ( 1842 - 1900 ) , American politician </Li> </Ul> <H2> Others ( edit )

The last name Edwards originated from separate sources in England and

Where did the last name edwards come from?

6316577464072726065

Saint of Killers - wikipedia <H1> Saint of Killers </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Saint of Killers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Saint of Killers , as drawn by Glenn Fabry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Vertigo Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Cameo : Preacher # 1 ( 1995 ) Full : Preacher # 2 ( 1995 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Garth Ennis Steve Dillon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> In - story information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> God </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Earth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team affiliations </Th> <Td> Confederacy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable aliases </Th> <Td> Patron Saint of Murderers and Assassination , Death Bringer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abilities </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Divinity </Li> <Li> Immortality </Li> <Li> Invulnerability </Li> <Li> Superhuman strength , speed , and stamina </Li> <Li> Extrasensory perception </Li> <Li> Physiological manipulation ( density ) </Li> <Li> Magic gun </Li> <Li> Outstanding swordsman and marksman </Li> <Li> Master tracker </Li> <Li> No need for air , food or water </Li> <Li> Multiple magical powers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Saint of Killers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Superhero </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Saint of Killers is a fictional character who appears in the comic book series Preacher , published by Vertigo Comics in 1995 . The Saint of Killers was created by writer Garth Ennis with artist Steve Dillon . The Saint is described as , `` a grim , taciturn , implacable killing machine '' , with supernatural abilities involving divinity , immortality , and influence over Heaven and Hell . His goals typically center on bringing down individuals through destruction and death by the laws of Paradise . </P> <P> The Saint of Killers first appeared as a heartless murderer , who is transformed into the Angel of Death under the condition that he takes up the role of collecting the souls of those who die by violence . Following his reanimation , Heaven arranged for him to be put into a deep slumber , until he was needed to kill people . The Saint was a primary antagonist in the Preacher series , who is tasked by Heaven to kill protagonist Jesse Custer due to his possession of the entity Genesis . Aside from Ennis and Dillon 's Preacher , the Saint was featured in his own four - issue limited series , Preacher : Saint of Killers , which expanded on the Saint 's background and motivation , and has appeared briefly in the DC Comics series Hitman , centered on a `` wise - cracking assassin plying his trade in Gotham City '' , and is portrayed by Graham McTavish in the television series adaptation of Preacher . </P> <P> Ennis initially cited Lee Marvin and Clint Eastwood , both actors , as his inspiration for the Saint , with artists Dillon and Glenn Fabry making him look far more physically imposing . The Saint 's character and the nature of his evil have been the subject of considerable critical attention . </P> <P> Empire ranked The Saint of Killers number 43 in their 50 Greatest Comic Characters of All Time , Topless Robot placed him number 3 in their Top 10 Least Heroic Antiheroes , What Culture placed the Saint # 57 on their list of the 100 Greatest Comic Book Villains Of All Time , and the character ranked # 74 on IGN 's Top 100 Comic Book Villains compilation . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional character biography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Origins </Li> <Li> 2.2 The Making of the Saint </Li> <Li> 2.3 The Preacher </Li> <Li> 2.4 God </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Characterization <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Appearance </Li> <Li> 3.2 Personality </Li> <Li> 3.3 Powers and abilities </Li> <Li> 3.4 Weapons <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Weaknesses </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.5 Analysis and themes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 In other media <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Television </Li> <Li> 4.2 References in other works </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication History ( edit ) </H2> `` ( ... ) specifically in his later movies , the long coat , the wide brimmed hat , the old Colt revolvers , but ( Steve Dillon ) preferred Lee Marvin and that 's why you 've got this character who I always think moves , speaks and has all the mannerisms of Eastwood but has that kind of handsome ugliness that Lee Marvin had . '' <P> -- Garth Ennis , describing his creation of the Saint of Killers . </P> <P> In his foreword to Preacher : Ancient History , Ennis reveals that Clint Eastwood provided the inspiration for the character of the Saint of Killers , with the face of Lee Marvin influencing Steve Dillon 's visual depiction of him . Ennis wished to place a certain degree of emphasis on the outlaw nature of the Saint simultaneously establishing that the Saint , like the lead character of Clint Eastwood 's Unforgiven , remains `` unforgiven '' . </P> <P> Regarding the Saint 's origin story , Ennis declared , `` His story is a myth . All Westerns are . '' </P> <H2> Fictional character biography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Origins ( edit ) </H3> <P> Little is known of the Saint of Killers ' past , but he fought for the Confederacy in the American Civil War , and was one of the most violent , bloodthirsty soldiers on the battlefield . His reputation grew throughout the conflict , and after the war he was held in high regard and feared not only by the people he fought against and alongside , but by people who 'd only heard of his legend . When the war ended , he returned to Texas , earning money from bounties on Indian scalps . </P> <P> During a raid on a group of Apaches , he met a captive young girl . The girl was injured , but whole , and thanked him for saving her from the horrible and savage acts they would commit , although he maintained that his intention was not to save her , and that she just happened to be there . Nevertheless , he offered her transportation back to her home in Laredo , Texas ; but she refused , asking to go on with him . She saw a good man within him , and felt it her mission to bring the goodness out . They were together for a decade , having a daughter and living off the land together in the wild , happy and settled . For the first time in his life , he felt satisfaction and knew that there was more to his life than killing and the sport of death . </P> <P> At some point , his wife and daughter caught a fever and became bedridden , with the only medicine being a week away by horse . He pledged to get the medicine and get back in time . However , his journey was delayed by a gang of outlaws , led by the despicable Gumbo McCready , in the gritty town of Ratwater , Texas . As a result , by the time he returned home he found his wife and daughter dead . Grief - stricken , he returned to the town of Ratwater and went on a killing spree , hunting down each of the gang members until all but McCready were dead . McCready took a girl hostage , but the gunslinger shot her through the head to get to his prey , damning himself . This shot was his downfall , however : having spent his last bullet on the girl , he pulled the trigger on McCready only to find he was out of ammo ; McCready then knocked him out and impaled him in the chest with a shovel . </P> <P> The soldier died , and his soul went to Hell . </P> <H3> The making of the Saint ( edit ) </H3> <P> Due to his many murders , the soldier was sent to Hell . When a soul enters Hell , the horror of the environment 's sheer hostility evaporates away the humanity from it , along with all the love , fear and hatred . However , the soldier 's hatred could not be contained , and the freezing cold soul of the gunman caused Hell to literally freeze over . Disturbed and intrigued , the Devil personally came out of his palace to learn what had happened . </P> <P> The Devil tried beating the hatred out of the soldier , to no avail . The soldier 's hatred remained cold , untouchable and resilient . But eventually the soldier revealed the source of his intractable hate : the only good thing in his bad life was taken from him , and he died without killing McCready , leaving his thirst for vengeance unsated . The Angel of Death , in the area for a poker game and weary of his position , suggested a solution to both of their problems : the gunman would take his place , bringing death at God 's will . He would wield two pistols , cast from the Angel 's sword , and he could have his revenge and much , much more . The man agreed . The Devil tended to the gunman 's wounds , the magical Walker Colts were cast , and the man left Hell -- but not before gunning down the Devil after the latter insulted him . </P> <P> He returned to earth and slaughtered everyone in the town of Ratwater , including McCready and the corrupt preacher who travelled with him . His killing was indiscriminate : no man , woman , nor child in the town was spared . Due to his dangerously uncontrollable nature , Heaven arranged for him to be put into a deep slumber , until God had need of him as His instrument of death and destruction . </P> <P> Four years after the events at Ratwater , he was summoned at a place called Wounded Knee Creek . </P> <H3> The Preacher ( edit ) </H3> <P> For the final time , an Angel was sent to wake the Saint of Killers and to instruct him with the task of finding and killing a young man named Jesse Custer . Before being shot through the head by the Saint , he spoke to him about the offspring of both demon and angel , Genesis ; whose power was greater than God 's . Because of Genesis 's possession of Jesse , the young preacher has been granted ability of The Word of God , allowing him to give vocal orders that can not be disobeyed , and this frightened the Angels . </P> <P> The Saint agreed . Within a few hours of appointment , he shot his way through the county sheriff 's department and was hot on Custer 's trail . He eventually found Jesse in a small motel , but both of his guns were stayed by Jesse 's voice . This marked the first time that the Saint of Killers was held back from his mission , and a target was allowed to flee . Apart from that , the angel revealed that God , the only power in the Universe that could command the Saint , abandoned Heaven . He let the Preacher go , but vowed to track him down . </P> <P> He crossed Jesse 's path after Jesse left Angelville , the estate of Marie L'Angell , the monstrous matriarch of the L'Angell clan . Angelville was burned to the ground , and all of L'Angell's henchmen were killed . Jesse eluded him for a while , but it was time for the

The Saint of Killers on Preacher is played by

Who plays the saint of killers on preacher?

682243000439863277

homestead from rebel pioneers who sympathize with the Union war effort , he joins forces with his Union adversary to make a last stand for the one thing worth fighting for , his family . In 1997 , Osment won a YoungStar Award for Best Performance by a Young Actor in a Made For TV Movie . In 1998 , the film received the Western Heritage Awards Bronze Wrangler for Television Feature Film . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Filming locations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Awards and nominations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> As America recovers from the Civil War , Paul Cable ( Tom Selleck ) returns home to Texas after being away from his family for years while fighting for the Confederacy . His wife , Martha ( Suzy Amis ) , is a pretty but strong - willed frontier woman , whose independence makes her a force in and of herself . She had been told that he was killed in action . Upon her husband 's unexpected return , she once again devotes herself to being his wife , but resents him for having left her and their children behind to fight a war she did n't care to understand . </P> <P> Despite having loved each other since childhood and being married , Paul and Martha are now like strangers to each other , and the tension between them is evident . During his absence , their youngest daughter died from a fever , and Martha , having borne that without him , has developed a hatred for her husband . Her father , James Sanford ( Harry Carey Jr . ) , scolds her for her attitude toward Cable , but she stands her ground , never backing down from her stance on the subject . Her father knows her well , and subsequently leaves the subject alone . </P> <P> Cable decides he will return to Arizona and reclaim the ranch he owns there . The family members , consisting of Paul , Martha , and their daughter and son , load up their belongings , bid farewell to Martha 's father , and make their way to Arizona . While en route , they come into contact with Lorraine Kidston ( Tracey Needham ) , the beautiful ramrod cowgirl daughter of rancher Duane Kidston ( David Carradine ) . During the night , horses headed by her men accidentally stampede through the Cables ' camp , leading Paul and Martha to scold the men . Lorraine agrees that her men were foolish to run the horses at night , and scolds them . Through this interaction , the cowhands and Lorraine learn that the man in front of them is , in fact , Paul Cable . They had been told that he was dead , and since then , her father has assumed control of Cable 's ranch . </P> <P> Lorraine 's father , Duane Kidston , is a former Union Army soldier , as is his brother Vern ( Keith Carradine ) . They have little use for former Confederates , and feel that Cable 's ranch now belongs to them . Upon reaching the ranch , Cable confronts the Kidston men staying in his house . However , when one man attempts to draw on Cable , he is shot and killed by Martha Cable , who is in the dark shadows . </P> <P> The shooting leads to an ongoing feud between Paul Cable and the Kidston men , during which several of Kidston 's hired guns are killed by Cable . Vern and Lorraine Kidston , however , begin to sympathize with the Cables , feeling it is better to simply return the ranch to them and let things be . Duane disagrees , but relents to his daughter and brother 's wishes . In the end , the real threat to the Cables ' new life in Arizona does not come from the Kidstons , but from a one - armed Confederate sympathizer and former soldier , Edward Janroe ( David Dukes ) , who kills Duane , an event for which Cable is blamed . </P> <P> Despite everything pointing to Cable as Duane 's killer , not even Duane 's brother Vern believes it . Janroe kidnaps Cable 's daughter as security during an illegal gun transaction with Mexican bandits . Cable and Vern team up and chase down Janroe , killing him , then get involved in a shootout with the bandits . Cable eventually asks Vern to take his daughter out of harm 's way , which Vern does . Cable then takes on the remaining bandits alone , with them eventually just deciding to take the guns from Janroe 's wrecked wagon and leave . </P> <P> Cable returns home wounded , where he is nursed by Martha , who has finally learned to accept him as he is . She decides to forgive him , forget all the animosity between them , and love her husband again . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tom Selleck as Paul Cable </Li> <Li> Suzy Amis as Martha Cable </Li> <Li> David Dukes as Edward Janroe </Li> <Li> Rachel Duncan as Clare Cable </Li> <Li> Haley Joel Osment as Davis Cable </Li> <Li> Keith Carradine as Vern Kidston </Li> <Li> David Carradine as Duane Kidston </Li> <Li> Tracey Needham as Lorraine Kidston </Li> <Li> Chris Stacy as Chris </Li> <Li> Harry Carey Jr. as James Sanford </Li> <Li> Patrick Kilpatrick as Austin Dodd </Li> <Li> Rex Linn as Bill Dancy </Li> <Li> Eugene Osment as Wynn Dodd </Li> <Li> Denis Forest as Cornet </Li> <Li> Lumi Cavazos as Luz </Li> <Li> Raymond Cruz as Manuel </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Filming locations ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Bonanza Creek Ranch , 15 Bonanza Creek Lane , Santa Fe , New Mexico , USA </Li> <Li> Charles R Ranch , County Road 24 , Las Vegas , New Mexico , USA </Li> <Li> Las Vegas , New Mexico , USA </Li> <Li> Santa Clara Pueblo , New Mexico , USA </Li> <Li> Valle Grande , New Mexico , USA </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Awards and nominations ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1997 YoungStar Awards for Best Performance by a Young Actor in a Made For TV Movie ( Haley Joel Osment ) </Li> <Li> 1998 Western Heritage Awards Bronze Wrangler for Television Feature Film </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Last Stand at Saber River '' . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved July 24 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Awards for Last Stand at Saber River '' . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved July 24 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Full cast and crew for Last Stand at Saber River '' . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved July 24 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Locations for Last Stand at Saber River '' . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved July 24 , 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Last Stand at Saber River on IMDb </Li> <Li> Last Stand at Saber River at AllMovie </Li> <Li> Last Stand at Saber River at the TCM Movie Database </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Works by Elmore Leonard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hombre ( 1961 ) </Li> <Li> The Big Bounce ( 1969 ) </Li> <Li> Swag ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Unknown Man No. 89 ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> The Hunted ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> City Primeval ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Split Images ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> La Brava ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Glitz ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> Killshot ( 1989 ) </Li> <Li> Get Shorty ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Rum Punch ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Pronto ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> Riding the Rap ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Naked Came the Manatee ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Out of Sight ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Cuba Libre ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Pagan Babies ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Tishomingo Blues ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> A Coyote 's in the House ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> The Hot Kid ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Road Dogs ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Djibouti ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Raylan ( 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Short stories </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Three - Ten to Yuma '' ( 1953 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplays </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Mr. Majestyk ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> High Noon , Part II : The Return of Will Kane ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Stick ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> The Rosary Murders ( 1987 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Tall T ( 1957 ) </Li> <Li> 3 : 10 to Yuma ( 1957 ) </Li> <Li> Hombre ( 1967 ) </Li> <Li> The Big Bounce ( 1969 ) </Li> <Li> The Moonshine War ( 1970 ) </Li> <Li> Valdez Is Coming ( 1971 ) </Li> <Li> The Ambassador ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Stick ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> 52 Pick - Up ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Cat Chaser ( 1989 ) </Li> <Li> Get Shorty ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Last Stand at Saber River ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Touch ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Out of Sight ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> The Big Bounce ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Be Cool ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> 3 : 10 to Yuma ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Killshot ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Life of Crime ( 2013 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Maximum Bob ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Karen Sisco ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Justified ( 2010 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Get Shorty ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Films directed by Dick Lowry </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Kenny Rogers as The Gambler ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> The Jayne Mansfield Story ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Living Proof : The Hank Williams Jr . Story ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Wet Gold ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Murder with Mirrors ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> Dream West ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> In the Line of Duty : The F.B.I. Murders ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> Miracle Landing ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Archie : To Riverdale and Back Again ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> In the Line of Duty : Street War ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> In the Line of Duty : Ambush in Waco ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> Forgotten Sins ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Last Stand at Saber River ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Two Came Back ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Mr. Murder ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Atomic Train ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Follow the Stars Home ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Category 6 : Day of Destruction ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Category 7 : The End of the World ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Silver Bells ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Jesse Stone : Innocents Lost ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Last_Stand_at_Saber_River&oldid=809687803 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1997 television films </Li> <Li> 1990s Western ( genre ) films </Li> <Li> 1990s drama films </Li> <Li> American films </Li> <Li> American television films </Li> <Li> American Western ( genre ) films

The movie "Last Stand at Saber River" was filmed at

Where was the movie last stand at saber river filmed?

2238872939740015368

KFC in South Africa - wikipedia <H1> KFC in South Africa </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> KFC is the largest fast food chain in South Africa . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Operations </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Operations ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of 2016 , there are 828 KFC outlets in South Africa , and the company dominates the fast food market . 10 percent of outlets are company owned , and 90 percent are franchise owned . </P> <P> Outlets sell the regional pap dish . </P> <P> South Africa is one of the few countries where KFC does not sell PepsiCo owned soft drinks , due to the company 's historically small presence in the country . </P> <P> All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> KFC first entered the South African market in 1971 . The company was forced to divest its 60 company owned outlets and trademarks to a South African holding company called Devco in 1987 after the US Congress passed a law forbidding American companies from owning South African assets . The company 's 120 franchised outlets were not affected . KFC continued to collect an administrative fee from Devco . The company reacquired its former assets when sanctions were lifted in 1994 . By 1994 there were around 300 KFC outlets in the country . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.yum.com/company/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hedley , Nick ( June 7 , 2013 ) . `` Yum to push KFC into Africa ' as fast as possible ' '' . Business Day . Retrieved June 7 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Fast Food in South Africa '' . Euromonitor . Retrieved October 1 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Yum 's Global Restaurant System '' . Yum ! Brands . Retrieved April 7 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Steyn , Lisa ( June 21 , 2013 ) . `` KFC 's secret recipe for growth '' . Mail & Guardian . Retrieved April 7 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` KFC Menu : Drinks '' . KFC South Africa . Retrieved February 12 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=history_theses </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Maritz , Jaco . `` KFC 's African adventure '' . How We Made It In Africa . Retrieved June 29 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dodds , Paisley ( June 20 , 1994 ) . `` Kentucky Fried Chicken Returns to South Africa '' . Associated Press . Retrieved September 27 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` KFC Getting Out of South Africa '' . Adweek . March 16 , 1987 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` KFC returns to South Africa with Devco purchase '' . Nation 's Restaurant News . June 27 , 1994 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kfc Makes Re-entry Into S. Africa Market '' . Chicago Tribune . 21 June 1994 . Retrieved 26 September 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` KFC expanding in South Africa '' . The Atlanta Journal and Constitution . June 21 , 1994 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to KFC in South Africa . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Official KFC Website </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KFC_in_South_Africa&oldid=832762825 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> KFC </Li> <Li> 1971 introductions </Li> <Li> 1971 establishments in South Africa </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Commons category without a link on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 March 2018 , at 21 : 27 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

KFC sources their chicken from farms where the chickens are

Where does kfc get their chicken in south africa?

-2598748625975521828

Abolition of corporal punishment Act , 1997 - wikipedia <H1> Abolition of corporal punishment Act , 1997 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act , 1997 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Act to provide for the abolishment of corporal punishment authorised in legislation ; and to provide for matters connected therewith . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Citation </Th> <Td> Act No. 33 of 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Enacted by </Th> <Td> Parliament of South Africa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date assented to </Th> <Td> 28 August 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date commenced </Th> <Td> 5 September 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Status : Spent </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act , 1997 ( Act No. 33 of 1997 ) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment . It followed the Constitutional Court 's 1995 decision in the case of S v Williams and Others that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional . Although the ruling in S v Williams was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21 , Justice Langa mentioned in dicta that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional . </P> <P> The act contains two substantive sections . The first provides that `` any law which authorises corporal punishment by a court of law , including a court of traditional leaders , '' is repealed to the extent that it authorises such a punishment . The second makes specific textual amendments various statutes , including the Black Administration Act , the Magistrates ' Courts Act and the Criminal Procedure Act , to remove references to corporal punishment . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Section 13 : The abolition of JCP '' . Judicial Corporal Punishment in South Africa . World Corporal Punishment Research . 2005 . Retrieved 1 November 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ S v Williams and Others ( 1995 ) ZACC 6 at para. 10 , 1995 ( 3 ) SA 632 , 1995 ( 7 ) BCLR 861 ( 9 June 1995 ) , Constitutional Court ( South Africa ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act , 1997 </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abolition_of_Corporal_Punishment_Act,_1997&oldid=742293306 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> South African legislation </Li> <Li> Penal system in South Africa </Li> <Li> 1997 in South African law </Li> <Li> Corporal punishments </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 2 October 2016 , at 21 : 20 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

Corporal punishment was banned in South Africa in

When was corporal punishment banned in south africa?

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Jamestown , Virginia - wikipedia <H1> Jamestown , Virginia </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jamestown , Virginia Jamestowne , Virginia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Fort ( 1606 -- 1607 ) ; Town ( 1619 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The ruined tower of the 17th century Jamestown Church ; the nave was reconstructed in 1907 on the original foundations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location in Virginia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Jamestown , Virginia Jamestown , Virginia Show map of Virginia Show map of the US Show all Location in the United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coordinates : 37 ° 12 ′ 33 '' N 76 ° 46 ′ 39 '' W  /  37.20917 ° N 76.77750 ° W  / 37.20917 ; - 76.77750 Coordinates : 37 ° 12 ′ 33 '' N 76 ° 46 ′ 39 '' W  /  37.20917 ° N 76.77750 ° W  / 37.20917 ; - 76.77750 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Present Country </Th> <Td> United States of America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Td> Virginia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Historic Country </Th> <Td> Kingdom of England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colony </Th> <Td> Colony of Virginia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Established </Th> <Td> May 14 , 1607 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abandoned </Th> <Td> briefly in 1610 ; again after 1699 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded by </Th> <Td> Virginia Company of London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Named for </Th> <Td> James VI and I </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas . William Kelso writes that Jamestown `` is where the British Empire began '' . It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 ( O.S. ; May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 . It followed several failed attempts , including the Lost Colony of Roanoke . Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 . </P> <P> The settlement was located within the country of Tsenacommacah , which was ruled by the Powhatan Confederacy , and specifically in that of the Paspahegh tribe . The natives initially welcomed and provided crucial provisions and support for the colonists , who were not agriculturally inclined . Relations soured fairly early on , however , leading to the total annihilation of the Paspahegh in warfare within three years . Mortality was very high at Jamestown itself due to disease and starvation , with over 80 - percent of the colonists perishing in 1609 -- 10 in what became known as the `` Starving Time '' . </P> <P> The Virginia Company brought eight Polish and German colonists in 1608 in the Second Supply , some of whom built a small glass factory -- although the Germans and a few others soon defected to the Powhatans with weapons and supplies from the settlement . The Second Supply also brought the first two European women to the settlement . In 1619 , the first documented Africans came to Jamestown -- about 50 men , women , and children aboard a Portuguese slave ship that had been captured in the West Indies and brought to the Jamestown region . They most likely worked in the tobacco fields as indentured servants , but they became slaves as time went on . The modern conception of slavery in the United States was formalized in 1640 ( the John Punch hearing ) and was fully entrenched in Virginia by 1660 . </P> <P> The London Company 's second settlement in Bermuda claims to be the site of the oldest town in the English New World , as St. George 's , Bermuda was officially established in 1612 as New London , whereas James Fort in Virginia was not converted into James Towne until 1619 , and further did not survive to the present day . In 1676 , Jamestown was deliberately burned during Bacon 's Rebellion , though it was quickly rebuilt . In 1699 , the capital was relocated from Jamestown to what is today Williamsburg , Virginia , after which Jamestown ceased to exist as a settlement , existing today only as an archaeological site . </P> <P> Today , Jamestown is one of three locations comprising the Historic Triangle of Colonial Virginia , along with Williamsburg and Yorktown , with two primary heritage sites . Historic Jamestowne is the archaeological site on Jamestown Island and is a cooperative effort by Jamestown National Historic Site ( part of Colonial National Historical Park ) and Preservation Virginia . Jamestown Settlement , a living history interpretive site , is operated by the Jamestown Yorktown Foundation , a state agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Settlement <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Arrival and beginning ( 1607 -- 1609 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Starving Time and Third Supply ( 1609 -- 1610 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Rising fortunes ( 1610 -- 1624 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Later years ( 1624 -- 1699 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Aftermath and preservation <Ul> <Li> 2.1 American Civil War </Li> <Li> 2.2 Preservation and early archaeology </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Today <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Historic Jamestowne </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jamestown Settlement </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Commemorations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 200th anniversary ( 1807 ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 250th anniversary ( 1857 ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 300th anniversary ( 1907 ) : Jamestown Exposition </Li> <Li> 4.4 350th Anniversary ( 1957 ) : Jamestown Festival </Li> <Li> 4.5 400th anniversary : Jamestown 2007 </Li> <Li> 4.6 2019 Commemoration </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Jamestown in fiction </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Settlement ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of Jamestown , Virginia ( 1607 -- 99 ) See also : European colonization of the Americas <P> Spain , Portugal , and France moved quickly to establish a presence in the New World , while other European countries moved more slowly . The English did not attempt to found colonies until many decades after the explorations of John Cabot , and early efforts were failures -- most notably the Roanoke Colony which vanished about 1590 . </P> <H3> Arrival and beginning ( 1607 -- 1609 ) ( edit ) </H3> Map of Jamestown Island , showing the terrain and location of the original 1607 fort . ( Modern roads , causeway , and buildings not shown ) <P> Late in 1606 , English colonizers set sail with a charter from the London Company to establish a colony in the New World . The fleet consisted of the ships Susan Constant , Discovery , and Godspeed , all under the leadership of Captain Christopher Newport . They made a particularly long voyage of four months , including a stop in Canary Islands and subsequently Puerto Rico , and finally departed for the American mainland on April 10 , 1607 . The expedition made landfall on April 26 , 1607 at a place which they named Cape Henry . Under orders to select a more secure location , they set about exploring what is now Hampton Roads and an outlet to the Chesapeake Bay which they named the James River in honor of King James I of England . Captain Edward Maria Wingfield was elected president of the governing council on April 25 , 1607 . On May 14 , he selected a piece of land on a large peninsula some 40 miles ( 64 km ) inland from the Atlantic Ocean as a prime location for a fortified settlement . The river channel was a defensible strategic point due to a curve in the river , and it was close to the land , making it navigable and offering enough land for piers or wharves to be built in the future . Perhaps the most favorable fact about the location was that it was not inhabited by nearby Virginia Indian tribes , who regarded the site as too poor and remote for agriculture . The island was swampy and isolated , and it offered limited space , was plagued by mosquitoes , and afforded only brackish tidal river water unsuitable for drinking . </P> <P> The Jamestown settlers arrived in Virginia during a severe drought , according to a research study conducted by the Jamestown Archaeological Assessment ( JAA ) team in the 1990s . The JAA analyzed information from a study conducted in 1985 by David Stahle and others , who obtained borings of 800 year - old baldcypress trees along the Nottoway and Blackwater rivers . The lifespan of these trees is up to 1,000 years and their rings offer a good indication of an area 's annual amount of rainfall . The borings revealed that the worst drought in 700 years occurred between 1606 and 1612 . This severe drought affected the Jamestown colonist and Powhatan tribe 's ability to produce food and obtain a safe supply of water . </P> Salt marshes along Jamestown Island . The ample wetlands on the island proved to be a breeding ground for mosquitoes . <P> The settlers also arrived too late in the year to get crops planted . Many in the group were either gentlemen unused to work or their manservants , both equally unaccustomed to the hard labor demanded by the harsh task of carving out a viable colony . One of these was Robert Hunt , a former vicar of Reculver , England who celebrated the first known Eucharist in the territory of the future United States on June 21 , 1607 . </P> <P> In a few months , 80 % of the party were dead ; some of the survivors were deserting to the Indians whose land they had colonized . Virginia Native Americans had established settlements long before the English settlers arrived , and there were an estimated 14,000 in the region who were politically known as Tsenacommacah and who spoke an Algonquian language . They were the Powhatan Confederacy , ruled by their paramount chief known as Wahunsenacawh or `` Chief Powhatan '' . Wahunsenacawh initially sought to resettle the English colonists from Jamestown , considered part of Paspahegh territory , to another location known as Capahosick where they would make metal tools for him as members of his Confederacy , but this never transpired . </P> <P> The first explorers had been welcomed by the Indians with dancing , feasting , and tobacco ceremonies . Despite the hospitality of Wahunsenacawh , the presence of the English settlers and perhaps a further expedition up the James River by Captain Christopher Newport provoked the Paspahegh , Weyanock , and other groups to mount a series of attacks on the fort during period of violence lasting from May 27 to July 14 , 1607 . </P> Detail of the map made by Pedro de Zúñiga , depicting the fort in about 1608 <P> Two - thirds of the settlers died before ships arrived in 1608 with supplies and German , Polish , and Slovak craftsmen , who helped to establish the first manufactories in the colony . As a result , glassware became the foremost American products to be exported to Europe at the time . Clapboard had already been sent back to England beginning with the first returning ship . </P> Names of those on the Second Supply - Page 445 ( or Page 72 ) `` The Generall Historie of Virginia , New - England , and the Summer Isles '' , by Capt . John Smith - <P> The delivery of supplies in 1608 on the First and Second Supply missions of Captain Newport had also added to the number of hungry settlers . It seemed certain at that time that the colony at Jamestown would meet the same fate as earlier English attempts to settle in North America , specifically the Roanoke Colony ( Lost Colony ) and the Popham

The first colony in North America was located in

Where was the first colony in north america located?

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Sierra Nevada Brewing company - wikipedia <H1> Sierra Nevada Brewing company </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Sierra Nevada Brewing Co . <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Private </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Chico , California , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opened </Th> <Td> 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Annual production volume </Th> <Td> 1,250,000 US beer barrels ( 1,470,000 hl ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owned by </Th> <Td> Ken Grossman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Employees </Th> <Td> 1050 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> sierranevada.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico , California , United States . Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States . As of 2016 , it is the seventh - largest brewing company in the United States . The brewery produced 786,000 US bbl ( 922,000 hl ) in 2010 . </P> <P> The brewery was named `` Green Business of the Year '' by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2010 for its practices in sustainability . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Influence </Li> <Li> 3 Environmental record </Li> <Li> 4 Beers <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Sierra Nevada Classics </Li> <Li> 4.2 Seasonals </Li> <Li> 4.3 Special release </Li> <Li> 4.4 Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Headquarters in Chico , CA <P> Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was founded in 1979 , with founders Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi expanding their homebrewing hobby into a brewery in Chico , California . Along with the brewery 's location , Grossman claims the company 's name comes from his love of hiking in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada . With $50,000 in loans from friends and family , Grossman and Camusi rented a 3,000 sq ft ( 280 m ) warehouse and pieced together discarded dairy equipment and scrapyard metal to create their brewing equipment . They later were able to acquire second - hand copper brewing kettles from Germany before moving to their larger , current brewing facility in 1989 . </P> <P> The first batch brewed on premises was its Pale Ale , in November 1980 . The following year , the brewery introduced Celebration , an IPA , which it continues to release as a winter seasonal . The company sold 950 US beer barrels ( 1,110 hl ) of beer in its first year , and double that amount in the second . </P> <P> The company 's first employee was Steve Harrison , who was put in charge of marketing and sales . The head brewer is Steve Dresler , who has been with the brewery since 1983 , when its output was 25 to 30 barrels per week . </P> <P> The company distributed the beer itself in the early 1980s , struggling with financial and marketing problems . A 1982 article in the San Francisco Chronicle highlighting the brewery , as well as having its beer sold in prominent restaurants such as Berkeley 's Chez Panisse , helped establish a market for Sierra Nevada 's beer . </P> <P> By 1987 , the brewery was distributing to seven states and production had reached 12,000 US beer barrels ( 14,000 hl ) per year , causing the company to pursue building a new brewery . In 1988 , the brewery moved into a 100 - barrel brewhouse , with four open fermenters , and eleven 200 US bbl ( 230 hl ) secondary fermenters . A year later , Grossman and Camusi added the Sierra Nevada Taproom and Restaurant , which serves lunch and dinner and includes a giftshop . In 2000 , the brewery opened `` The Big Room '' , a live - music venue located inside the brewery 's facilities , featuring a variety of acts including country , bluegrass , folk , rock , blues , and other musical genres . </P> <P> Camusi retired in 1998 and sold his share in the company to Grossman . </P> <P> In 2010 , Sierra Nevada Brewing partnered with the Abbey of New Clairvaux , with the monastery beginning production of Trappist - style beers in 2011 . The Abbey has not yet been sanctioned by the International Trappist Association , and therefore the monastery will not be brewing official Trappist beer . </P> <P> The brewery employed about 450 people in 2011 . </P> Entrance to Mills River brewery <P> In January 2012 , Sierra Nevada announced it would build a second brewing facility with an attached restaurant in Mills River , North Carolina . The LEED - Platinum - certified building opened in early 2014 on a forested tract adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport , re-using the cut - down trees as lumber both in the building and for the rainwater cisterns that flush the toilets . </P> <P> In 2013 , the company opened the `` Torpedo Room '' in Berkeley , their first tasting room outside of Chico . </P> <P> In January 2017 , Sierra Nevada issued a voluntary recall of certain 12 - ounce bottles of different beers in 36 states due to a manufacturing defect that had possibly introduced chipped pieces of glass into the bottle . </P> <H2> Influence ( edit ) </H2> <P> Along with Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco and the now - defunct New Albion Brewing Company in Sonoma , whose owners offered Grossman and Camusi early guidance in their venture , Sierra Nevada is considered one of the earliest and most influential breweries which spawned the craft beer movement of the 1980s - 90s . Grossman has been dubbed a `` pioneer '' by fellow craft brewers in the United States . </P> <P> Whereas many of the newly spawned microbreweries of the 1980s went out of business , Sierra Nevada Brewing endured to become one of the largest independent brewers in the country , whose beers were noted for their `` character and complexity '' . Grossman believed many microbrewers of the early 1980s had put out an inferior product due to lack of preparation for the financial and mechanical realities of commercial brewing , which were a `` much different process '' from homebrewing . </P> <P> For its 30th anniversary in 2010 , the company released a series of collaborative beers with the assistance of those Grossman considered an early influence on his brewing : Charlie Papazian , Fred Eckhardt , Fritz Maytag ( Anchor ) and Jack McAuliffe ( New Albion ) . </P> <P> In November 2010 , Stansbury Publishing released Hops and Dreams : The Story of Sierra Nevada Brewing Co , written by California State University , Chico professor Rob Burton who researched the company for three years . </P> <P> The company has claimed to be neutral on political issues , and reiterated this stance in 2010 when it was erroneously linked by a beer industry group to opposing the California Proposition 19 of that year , which would have legalized marijuana in the state . </P> <H2> Environmental record ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. won the US Environmental Protection Agency 's `` Green Business of the Year '' award for 2010 . </P> <P> The brewery is powered by solar energy , having 10,000 photovoltaic modules covering its rooftops and parking lot . In all , the brewery uses 2.6 megawatts of solar electricity on premises . It also has built a charging station for electric vehicles on its premises . </P> <P> The company uses a small - scale BioPro TM biodiesel processor to convert the used cooking oil from its restaurant for biodiesel use in its delivery trucks . In 2009 , it reached an agreement with a local ethanol company to produce high - grade ethanol fuel from its discarded yeast . Spent grain is sold to local cattle ranchers for livestock feed ; spent water is sent to the brewery 's own water treatment plant , where it is reused , mainly as drip irrigation for its fields . Over 99.5 % of the brewery plant 's solid waste is diverted from landfill . </P> <P> The company owns one mile of railway for use in intermodal freight transport , which aids in reducing the brewery 's carbon footprint . Each rail car can hold the equivalent of four semi-trailers of grain ; rail transport is more fuel efficient than road transport . </P> <P> Sierra Nevada is the largest buyer of organic hops in the United States . It also farms its own organic hops and barley for use in its annual Chico Estate Harvest Ale release . </P> <H2> Beers ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Sierra Nevada classics ( edit ) </H3> Sierra Nevada Pale Ale Sierra Nevada Torpedo Ale label , from a bottle purchased in Chico , California . <P> The brewery 's year - round offerings include its Pale Ale , Porter , Stout , Torpedo ' Extra ' IPA , Kellerweis Hefeweizen , Nooner Pilsner , and Hop Hunter IPA . </P> <P> Sierra 's flagship Pale Ale has been described as `` a balance between aggressive hops and hearty malt flavor '' , with its Cascade hops offering a grapefruit aroma and fruity palate . Like several other Sierra Nevada offerings , it is bottle - conditioned . It is the best - selling pale ale in the United States as of 2012 . </P> <P> Sierra Nevada 's Porter , along with its heavier Stout version , have been described by writer Michael Jackson as `` gently coffeish '' and `` beautifully roasty '' examples of their respective styles . The two offerings have been brewed since the company 's first year of operation . </P> <P> Torpedo is an American India Pale Ale and Kellerweis is a traditional Bavarian hefeweizen . Both were introduced as nationwide offerings in 2009 . </P> <H3> Seasonals ( edit ) </H3> <P> The brewery 's current lineup of seasonals include Beer Camp Hoppy Lager , Summerfest Lager , Oktoberfest , and Celebration Ale . </P> <P> Sierra Nevada 's Celebration Ale has been brewed as a winter seasonal since 1981 . While it has won medals under the IPA category , it has also been described as a hoppy , malty amber ale , as well as a `` bigger version '' of the company 's pale ale . </P> <P> Previous Autumn seasonal Tumbler Brown Ale has been described as a full - bodied , malt - heavy brown ale and is sold for the autumn months . </P> <P> Previous Spring seasonal Ruthless Rye IPA is an IPA brewed with rye and whole - cone hops for the spring , while Summerfest is a pilsner brewed in the Czech tradition . </P> <H3> Special release ( edit ) </H3> Bigfoot , 2006 Edition <P> Annual `` Special Release '' beers produced by Sierra Nevada include Bigfoot Barleywine Style Ale , Hemisphere Harvest Ales and Chico Harvest Estate Ale . </P> <P> Bigfoot is brewed with two types of malt and three differing hops , and tops out at 9.6 % ABV . It is a barleywine , but due to alcohol laws in the U.S. it must be marketed as a `` barleywine style ale '' . Only alcohols derived from fruits , not grains , can be marketed as wine . It first won medals at the Great American Beer Festival in 1987 . It is generally released January -- February of each year . </P> <P> The brewery releases both a Northern and Southern Hemisphere Harvest `` wet hop '' ale . Introduced in 1996 as Harvest Ale , Northern Hemisphere utilizes wet ( undried ) hops from eastern Washington for its `` fresh harvest '' ale . It was the first fresh - hop ale brewed in the United States . The brewery later introduced Southern Hemisphere which features

Sierra Nevada Brewery opened in Asheville in

When did sierra nevada brewery open in asheville?

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Carol Ann Susi - wikipedia <H1> Carol Ann Susi </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Carol Ann Susi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1952 - 02 - 02 ) February 2 , 1952 Brooklyn , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> November 11 , 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 11 ) ( aged 62 ) Los Angeles , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Cancer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1974 -- 2014 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Carol Ann Susi ( February 2 , 1952 -- November 11 , 2014 ) was an American actress . She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz , mother of Howard Wolowitz , on the television series The Big Bang Theory . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Career </Li> <Li> 2 Personal life </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Susi made her first screen appearance in Kolchak : The Night Stalker . Other television and film credits included : McMillan & Wife , Coyote Ugly , Just Go with It , The Big Bang Theory , Becker , Grey 's Anatomy , That ' 70s Show , Out of Practice , Cats & Dogs , Just Shoot Me , Married ... with Children , Night Court , The King of Queens , Death Becomes Her , Seinfeld , The Secret of My Success , My Blue Heaven , and Sabrina , the Teenage Witch . She also had extensive experience in live theatre and voiced a character on the video game installment of CSI : NY . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Carol Ann Susi was born in Brooklyn , of Italian descent . She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City before moving to Los Angeles in the 1970s . </P> <P> Susi died of cancer on November 11 , 2014 , in Los Angeles , California , at age 62 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hughes , Jason ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Carol Ann Susi , ' Big Bang Theory 's ' Mrs. Wolowitz , Dead at 62 '' . The Wrap . Retrieved November 12 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Big Bang Theory actress dies at 62 '' . The Globe and Mail . November 12 , 2014 . Retrieved November 13 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Morris , Joan ( March 14 , 2009 ) . `` Who 's the Voice of ' Big Bang ' Mother ? '' . Contra Costa Times . p. 2A . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Salem , Rob ( January 24 , 2009 ) . `` Nerd herd doing a bang - up job '' . Toronto Star . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Owen , Rob ( March 16 , 2012 ) . `` TV Q&A with Rob Owen '' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Robinson , Johnny ( September 27 , 1974 ) . `` Radio and TV plus Video Versions '' . Lewiston Evening Journal . p. 21 . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Drake , Sylvie ( September 16 , 1988 ) . `` ' Ladies ' Room ' Lives Up to Expectations of Racy Domain '' . Los Angeles Times . p . C6 . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Collins , Scott ( December 19 , 1995 ) . `` Ollstein 's ' Pot Roast ' Is Rich in Flavor '' . Los Angeles Times . p . F8 . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Carol Ann Susi , ' Big Bang Theory 's Mrs. Wolowitz , Dead '' . Deadline . Retrieved November 12 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Swift , Andy ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Carol Ann Susi , Voice Behind Big Bang Theory 's Mrs. Wolowitz , Dead at 62 '' . TV Line . Retrieved November 11 , 2014 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Carol Ann Susi on IMDb </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 311656933 </Li> <Li> GND : 1061791513 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carol_Ann_Susi&oldid=823767932 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1952 births </Li> <Li> 2014 deaths </Li> <Li> 20th - century American actresses </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from Los Angeles </Li> <Li> Actresses from New York City </Li> <Li> Actresses of Italian descent </Li> <Li> American film actresses </Li> <Li> American people of Italian descent </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> American voice actresses </Li> <Li> Deaths from cancer in California </Li> <Li> Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin </Li> <Li> People from Brooklyn </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> تۆرکجه </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Bahasa Melayu </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> 6 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 3 February 2018 , at 08 : 02 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The mother of Howard on Big Bang Theory is played by

Who plays the mother of howard on big bang theory?

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Bill of Rights 1689 - wikipedia <H1> Bill of Rights 1689 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> The Bill of Rights <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Parliament of England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Long title </Th> <Td> An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Citation </Th> <Td> 1 William & Mary Sess 2 c 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Royal assent </Th> <Td> 16 December 1689 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commencement </Th> <Td> 1689 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Status : Amended </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Revised text of statute as amended </Th> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Bill of Rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created </Th> <Td> 1689 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Parliamentary Archives </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author ( s ) </Th> <Td> Parliament of England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Purpose </Th> <Td> Assert the rights of Parliament and the individual , and ensure a Protestant political supremacy </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights . It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689 , inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England . The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament . It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law . Furthermore , the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England . </P> <P> These ideas reflected those of the political thinker John Locke and they quickly became popular in England . It also sets out -- or , in the view of its drafters , restates -- certain constitutional requirements of the Crown to seek the consent of the people , as represented in Parliament . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom , the Bill of Rights is further accompanied by Magna Carta , the Petition of Right , the Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 as some of the basic documents of the uncodified British constitution . A separate but similar document , the Claim of Right Act 1689 , applies in Scotland . The Bill of Rights 1689 was one of the inspirations for the United States Bill of Rights . </P> <P> Along with the Act of Settlement 1701 , the Bill of Rights is still in effect in all Commonwealth realms . Following the Perth Agreement in 2011 , legislation amending both of them came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Glorious Revolution </Li> <Li> 1.2 Declaration of Right </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Provisions of the Act </Li> <Li> 3 Date and title </Li> <Li> 4 Augmentation and effect </Li> <Li> 5 Legal status <Ul> <Li> 5.1 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 5.2 Australia </Li> <Li> 5.3 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.4 New Zealand </Li> <Li> 5.5 Republic of Ireland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Modern recognition </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the 17th century , there was renewed interest in Magna Carta . The Parliament of England passed the Petition of Right in 1628 which established certain liberties for subjects . The English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1651 ) was fought between the King and an oligarchic but elected Parliament , during which the idea of a political party took form with groups debating rights to political representation during the Putney Debates of 1647 . Subsequently , the Protectorate ( 1653 - 59 ) and the English Restoration ( 1660 ) restored more autocratic rule although Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 , which strengthened the convention that forbade detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence . </P> <H3> Glorious Revolution ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Glorious Revolution <P> Objecting to the policies of King James II of England ( James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland ) , a group of English Parliamentarians invited the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange - Nassau ( William of Orange ) to overthrow the King . William 's successful invasion with a Dutch fleet and army led to James fleeing to France . In December 1688 , William took over the provisional government by appointment of the peers of the realm , as was the legal right of the latter in circumstances when the King was incapacitated , and summoned an assembly of certain members of parliament . This assembly called for an English Convention Parliament to be elected , which convened on 22 January 1689 . </P> <H3> Declaration of Right ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Declaration of Right , 1689 An 18th - century engraving , based on a drawing by Samuel Wale , of the Bill of Rights being presented to William III and Mary II <P> The proposal to draw up a statement of rights and liberties and James 's violation of them was first made on 29 January 1689 in the House of Commons , with members arguing that the House `` can not answer it to the nation or Prince of Orange till we declare what are the rights invaded '' and that William `` can not take it ill if we make conditions to secure ourselves for the future '' in order to `` do justice to those who sent us hither '' . On 2 February a committee specially convened reported to the Commons 23 Heads of Grievances , which the Commons approved and added some of their own . However , on 4 February the Commons decided to instruct the committee to differentiate between `` such of the general heads , as are introductory of new laws , from those that are declaratory of ancient rights '' . On 7 February the Commons approved this revised Declaration of Right , and on 8 February instructed the committee to put into a single text the Declaration ( with the heads which were `` introductory of new laws '' removed ) , the resolution of 28 January and the Lords ' proposal for a revised oath of allegiance . It passed the Commons without division . </P> <P> On 13 February the clerk of the House of Lords read the Declaration of Right , and the Marquess of Halifax , in the name of all the estates of the realm , asked William and Mary to accept the throne . William replied for his wife and himself : `` We thankfully accept what you have offered us '' . They then went in procession to the great gate at Whitehall . The Garter King at Arms proclaimed them King and Queen of England , France and Ireland , whereupon they adjourned to the Chapel Royal , with the Bishop of London preaching the sermon . They were crowned on 11 April , swearing an oath to uphold the laws made by Parliament . The Coronation Oath Act 1688 had provided a new coronation oath , whereby the monarchs were to `` solemnly promise and swear to govern the people of this kingdom of England , and the dominions thereunto belonging , according to the statutes in parliament agreed on , and the laws and customs of the same '' . They were also to maintain the laws of God , the true profession of the Gospel , and the Protestant Reformed faith established by law . This replaced an oath which had deferred more to the monarch . The previous oath required the monarch to rule based on `` the laws and customs ... granted by the Kings of England '' . </P> <H2> Provisions of the Act ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Declaration of Right was enacted in an Act of Parliament , the Bill of Rights 1689 , which received the Royal Assent in December 1689 . The Act asserted `` certain ancient rights and liberties '' by declaring that : </P> <Ul> <Li> the pretended power of suspending the laws and dispensing with laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal ; </Li> <Li> the commission for ecclesiastical causes is illegal ; </Li> <Li> levying taxes without grant of Parliament is illegal ; </Li> <Li> it is the right of the subjects to petition the king , and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal ; </Li> <Li> keeping a standing army in time of peace , unless it be with consent of Parliament , is against law ; </Li> <Li> Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law ; </Li> <Li> election of members of Parliament ought to be free ; </Li> <Li> the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament ; </Li> <Li> excessive bail ought not to be required , nor excessive fines imposed , nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted ; </Li> <Li> jurors in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders ; </Li> <Li> promises of fines and forfeitures before conviction are illegal and void ; </Li> <Li> for redress of all grievances , and for the amending , strengthening and preserving of the laws , Parliaments ought to be held frequently . </Li> </Ul> <P> The Act declared James ' flight from England following the Glorious Revolution to be an abdication of the throne . It listed twelve of James 's policies by which James designed to `` endeavour to subvert and extirpate the protestant religion , and the laws and liberties of this kingdom '' . These were : </P> <Ul> <Li> by assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament ; </Li> <Li> by prosecuting the Seven Bishops ; by establishing of the court of commissioners for ecclesiastical causes ; </Li> <Li> by levying taxes for the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative as if the same was granted by Parliament ; </Li> <Li> by raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament ; </Li> <Li> by causing Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law ; </Li> <Li> by violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament ; </Li> <Li> by prosecutions in the Court of King 's Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament , and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses ; </Li> <Li> by employing unqualified persons on juries in trials , and jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders ; </Li> <Li> by imposing excessive bail on persons committed in criminal cases against the laws made for the liberty of the subjects ; </Li> <Li> by imposing excessive fines and illegal and cruel punishments ; </Li> <Li> by making several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied ; </Li> <Li> all which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm . </Li> </Ul> <P> In a prelude to the Act of Settlement to come twelve years later , the Bill of Rights barred Roman Catholics from the throne of England

The Bill of Rights was first introduced in

When did the bill of rights come out?

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the Sun 's apparent position . Without the added day , in future years the seasons would occur later in the calendar , eventually leading to confusion about when to undertake activities dependent on weather , ecology , or hours of daylight . </P> <P> A solar year is actually slightly shorter than 365 days and 6 hours ( 365.25 days ) . As early as the 13th century it was recognized that the year is shorter than the 365.25 days assumed by the Julian calendar : the Earth 's orbital period around the Sun was derived from the medieval Alfonsine tables as 365 days , 5 hours , 49 minutes , and 16 seconds ( 365.2425 days ) . The currently accepted modern figure is 365 days , 5 hours , 48 minutes , 45 seconds . Adding a calendar day every four years , therefore , results in an excess of around 44 minutes for those four years , or about 3 days every 400 years . To compensate for this , three days are removed every 400 years . The Gregorian calendar reform implements this adjustment by making an exception to the general rule that there is a leap year every four years . Instead , a year divisible by 100 is not a leap year unless that year is also divisible by 400 . This means that the years 1600 , 2000 , and 2400 are leap years , while the years 1700 , 1800 , 1900 , 2100 , 2200 , 2300 , and 2500 are common years . </P> <H3> Modern ( Gregorian ) calendar ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Gregorian calendar repeats itself every 400 years , which is exactly 20,871 weeks including 97 leap days ( 146,097 days ) . Over this period , February 29 falls on Sunday , Tuesday , and Thursday 13 times each ; 14 times each on Friday and Saturday ; and 15 times each on Monday and Wednesday . Excepting when a century mark that is not a multiple of 400 intervenes , consecutive leaps days fall in order Thursday , Tuesday , Sunday , Friday , Wednesday , Monday , and Saturday ; then repeating with Thursday again . </P> <H3> Early Roman calendar ( edit ) </H3> Adding a leap day ( after 23 February ) shifts the commemorations in the 1962 Roman Missal . Main article : Roman calendar <P> The calendar of the Roman king Numa Pompilius had only 355 days ( even though it was not a lunar calendar ) which meant that it would quickly become unsynchronized with the solar year . An earlier Roman solution to this problem was to lengthen the calendar periodically by adding extra days to February , the last month of the year . February consisted of two parts , each with an odd number of days . The first part ended with the Terminalia on the 23rd , which was considered the end of the religious year , and the five remaining days formed the second part . To keep the calendar year roughly aligned with the solar year , a leap month , called Mensis Intercalaris ( `` intercalary month '' ) , was added from time to time between these two parts of February . The ( usual ) second part of February was incorporated in the intercalary month as its last five days , with no change either in their dates or the festivals observed on them . This followed naturally , because the days after the Ides ( 13th ) of February ( in an ordinary year ) or the Ides of Intercalaris ( in an intercalary year ) both counted down to the Kalends of March ( i.e. they were known as `` the nth day before the Kalends of March '' ) . The Nones ( 5th ) and Ides of Intercalaris occupied their normal positions . </P> <P> The third - century writer Censorinus says : </P> <P> When it was thought necessary to add ( every two years ) an intercalary month of 22 or 23 days , so that the civil year should correspond to the natural ( solar ) year , this intercalation was in preference made in February , between Terminalia ( 23rd ) and Regifugium ( 24th ) . </P> <H3> Julian reform ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Julian calendar <P> The set leap day was introduced in Rome as a part of the Julian reform in the 1st century BC . As before , the intercalation was made after February 23 . The day following the Terminalia ( February 23 ) was doubled , forming the `` bis sextum '' -- literally ' twice sixth ' , since February 24 was ' the sixth day before the Kalends of March ' using Roman inclusive counting ( March 1 was the Kalends of March and was also the first day of the calendar year ) . Inclusive counting initially caused the Roman priests to add the extra day every three years instead of four ; Augustus was compelled to omit leap years for a few decades to return the calendar to its proper position . Although there were exceptions , the first day of the bis sextum ( February 24 ) was usually regarded as the intercalated or `` bissextile '' day since the 3rd century AD . February 29 came to be regarded as the leap day when the Roman system of numbering days was replaced by sequential numbering in the late Middle Ages , although this has only been formally enacted in Sweden and Finland . In Britain , the extra day added to leap years remains notionally the 24th , although the 29th remains more visible on the calendar . </P> <H2> Born on February 29 ( edit ) </H2> <P> A person born on February 29 may be called a `` leapling '' , a `` leaper '' , or a `` leap - year baby '' . In non-leap years , some leaplings celebrate their birthday on either February 28 or March 1 , while others only observe birthdays on the authentic intercalary date , February 29 . </P> <H3> Legal status ( edit ) </H3> <P> The effective legal date of a leapling 's birthday in non-leap years varies between jurisdictions . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom and Hong Kong , when a person born on February 29 turns 18 , they are considered to have their birthday on March 1 in the relevant year . </P> <P> In New Zealand , a person born on February 29 is deemed to have their birthday on February 28 in non-leap years , for the purposes of Driver Licensing under § 2 ( 2 ) of the Land Transport ( Driver Licensing ) Rule 1999 . The net result is that for drivers aged 75 , or over 80 , their driver licence expires at the end of the last day of February , even though their birthday would otherwise fall on the first day in March in non-leap years . Otherwise , New Zealand legislation is silent on when a person born on 29 February has their birthday , although case law would suggest that age is computed based on the number of years elapsed , from the day after the date of birth , and that the person 's birth day then occurs on the last day of the year period . This differs from English common law where a birthday is considered to be the start of the next year , the preceding year ending at midnight on the day preceding the birthday . While a person attains the same age on the same day , it also means that , in New Zealand , if something must be done by the time a person attains a certain age , that thing can be done on the birthday that they attain that age and still be lawful . </P> <P> In Taiwan ( Republic of China ) , the legal birthday of a leapling is February 28 in common years : </P> <Dl> <Dd> If a period fixed by weeks , months , and years does not commence from the beginning of a week , month , or year , it ends with the ending of the day which proceeds the day of the last week , month , or year which corresponds to that on which it began to commence . But if there is no corresponding day in the last month , the period ends with the ending of the last day of the last month . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Thus , in England and Wales or in Hong Kong , a person born on February 29 will have legally reached 18 years old on March 1 . If they were born in Taiwan they legally become 18 on February 28 , a day earlier . In the United States , according to John Reitz , a professor of law at the University of Iowa , there is no `` ... statute or general rule that has anything to do with leap day . '' Reitz speculates that `` March 1 would likely be considered the legal birthday in non-leap years of someone born on leap day , '' using the same reasoning as described for the United Kingdom and Hong Kong . </P> <H3> In fiction ( edit ) </H3> <P> There are many instances in children 's literature where a person 's claim to be only a quarter of their actual age turns out to be based on counting only their leap - year birthdays . </P> <P> A similar device is used in the plot of Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance . As a child , Frederic was apprenticed to a band of pirates until his 21st birthday . Having passed his 21st year , he leaves the pirate band and falls in love . However , since he was born on February 29 , his 21st birthday will not arrive until he is eighty - four , so he must leave his fiancée and return to the pirates . </P> <H2> Events ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1504 -- Christopher Columbus uses his knowledge of a lunar eclipse that night to convince Native Americans to provide him with supplies . </Li> <Li> 1644 -- Abel Tasman 's second Pacific voyage began . </Li> <Li> 1704 -- Queen Anne 's War : French forces and Native Americans stage a raid on Deerfield , Massachusetts Bay Colony , killing 56 villagers and taking more than 100 captive . </Li> <Li> 1712 -- February 29 is followed by February 30 in Sweden , in a move to abolish the Swedish calendar for a return to the Julian calendar . </Li> <Li> 1720 -- Ulrika Eleonora , Queen of Sweden abdicates in favour of her husband , who becomes King Frederick I on 24 March . </Li> <Li> 1752 -- King Alaungpaya founds Konbaung Dynasty , the last dynasty of Burmese monarchy . </Li> <Li> 1768 -- Polish nobles formed Bar Confederation . </Li> <Li> 1796 -- The Jay Treaty between the United States and Great Britain comes into force , facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the two nations . </Li> <Li> 1864 -- American Civil War : Kilpatrick -- Dahlgren Raid fails : Plans to free 15,000 Union soldiers being held near Richmond , Virginia are thwarted . </Li> <Li> 1892 -- St. Petersburg , Florida is incorporated . </Li> <Li> 1912 -- The Piedra Movediza ( Moving Stone ) of Tandil falls and breaks . </Li> <Li> 1916 -- Tokelau is annexed by the United Kingdom . </Li> <Li> 1916 -- Child labor : In South Carolina , the minimum working age for factory , mill , and mine workers is raised from twelve to fourteen years old . </Li> <Li> 1920 -- Czechoslovak National assembly adopted the Constitution . </Li> <Li> 1936 -- February 26 Incident in Tokyo ends . </Li> <Li> 1940 -- For her performance as `` Mammy '' in Gone with the

If you're born on February 29, you celebrate your birthday on

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List of best - selling Christmas singles in the United States - wikipedia <H1> List of best - selling Christmas singles in the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This page shows the best - selling Christmas singles in the United States . It includes artists from around the world , but it only reflects sales in the United States of America . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , `` White Christmas '' by Bing Crosby is not only the best - selling Christmas / holiday single in the United States , but also the best - selling single of all time , with estimated sales in excess of 50 million copies worldwide . </P> <P> Prior to March 1 , 1991 , the only means of tracking sales figures for record albums and singles in the United States was via the certification system of the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , based specifically on shipments ( less potential returns ) on a long - term basis . From March 1 , 1991 through the present day , the Nielsen SoundScan tracking system has been more widely used to accurately track sales of record albums and singles at the point of sale ( POS ) based on inventory bar code scans , as well as digital music download sales starting in 2003 . As of November 25 , 2016 , the holiday single with the most digital downloads is Mariah Carey 's 1994 track `` All I Want for Christmas Is You , '' which SoundScan estimates as having sold 3,200,000 copies . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Best - selling Christmas / holiday singles since Nielsen SoundScan tracking began <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Best - selling Christmas singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Best - selling Christmas / holiday singles by RIAA certification <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Digital singles </Li> <Li> 2.2 Cellular ringtones </Li> <Li> 2.3 Physical singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Best - selling Christmas / holiday singles since Nielsen SoundScan tracking began ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is a list of the top ten best - selling Christmas singles of the SoundScan era in the United States according to the Nielsen Company , as last updated on November 25 , 2016 . Nielsen SoundScan began tracking digital download sales data at the end of June 2003 . </P> <H3> Best - selling Christmas singles ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Released </Th> <Th> Label ( s ) </Th> <Th> Digital Downloads </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' </Td> <Td> Carey , Mariah Mariah Carey </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> 3,200,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Do You Want to Build a Snowman ? '' </Td> <Td> Bell , Kristen Kristen Bell , Agatha Lee Monn & Katie Lopez </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Walt Disney </Td> <Td> 1,600,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Christmas Eve / Sarajevo 12 / 24 '' </Td> <Td> Trans - Siberian Orchestra </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lava </Td> <Td> 1,300,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mistletoe '' </Td> <Td> Bieber , Justin Justin Bieber </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Island </Td> <Td> 1,100,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree '' </Td> <Td> Lee , Brenda Brenda Lee </Td> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Decca </Td> <Td> 1,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Christmas Canon '' </Td> <Td> Trans - Siberian Orchestra </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Lava </Td> <Td> 918,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Where Are You Christmas ? '' </Td> <Td> Hill , Faith Faith Hill </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Interscope </Td> <Td> 897,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Feliz Navidad '' </Td> <Td> Feliciano , José José Feliciano </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> RCA </Td> <Td> 808,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Jingle Bell Rock '' </Td> <Td> Helms , Bobby Bobby Helms </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> Decca </Td> <Td> 780,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Last Christmas '' </Td> <Td> Wham ! </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> 751,000 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Best - selling Christmas / holiday singles by RIAA certification ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is an incomplete list of the best - selling Christmas / holiday singles in the United States based on certification by the RIAA . This list provides a more complete representation of the best - selling Christmas / holiday albums in history , as it includes those released well before the Nielsen / SoundScan era of music sales . </P> <H3> Digital singles ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year of Release </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Label ( s ) </Th> <Th> Certification Award </Th> <Th> Certification Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> `` Do You Want to Build a Snowman ? '' </Td> <Td> Bell , Kristen Kristen Bell , Agatha Lee Monn & Katie Lopez </Td> <Td> Walt Disney </Td> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 2014 - 04 - 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> `` Mistletoe '' </Td> <Td> Bieber , Justin Justin Bieber </Td> <Td> Island </Td> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 2015 - 02 - 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> `` This Christmas '' </Td> <Td> Brown , Chris Chris Brown </Td> <Td> RCA </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 2017 - 11 - 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' </Td> <Td> Carey , Mariah Mariah Carey </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 2005 - 12 - 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Chanukah Song '' </Td> <Td> Sandler , Adam Adam Sandler </Td> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 2009 - 10 - 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> `` Christmas Eve / Sarajevo 12 / 24 '' </Td> <Td> Trans - Siberian Orchestra </Td> <Td> Lava </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 2009 - 12 - 14 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Cellular ringtones ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year of Release </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Label ( s ) </Th> <Th> Certification Award </Th> <Th> Certification Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> `` All I Want for Christmas Is You '' </Td> <Td> Carey , Mariah Mariah Carey </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> 2x Multi-Platinum </Td> <Td> 2009 - 12 - 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> `` Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer '' </Td> <Td> Elmo & Patsy </Td> <Td> Legacy / Epic </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 2008 - 12 - 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> `` Santa Baby '' </Td> <Td> Kitt , Eartha Eartha Kitt </Td> <Td> Legacy </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 2008 - 12 - 09 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Physical singles ( edit ) </H3> <P> According to the most recent record album certifications , the holiday single title with the highest RIAA certification is Elvis Presley 's 1964 single `` Blue Christmas '' , which is certified Platinum by the RIAA ( though its date of certification came more than ten years after the RIAA reduced the threshold for Platinum level for singles from two million copies to one million copies ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year of Release </Th> <Th> Title ( A-side / B - side ) </Th> <Th> Artist ( s ) </Th> <Th> Label ( s ) </Th> <Th> Certification Award </Th> <Th> Certification Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> `` Blue Christmas '' / `` Santa Claus Is Back in Town '' </Td> <Td> Presley , Elvis Elvis Presley </Td> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 1999 - 12 - 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` This One 's for the Children '' / `` Funky , Funky Xmas '' </Td> <Td> New Kids on the Block </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 1990 - 01 - 09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> `` Do They Know It 's Christmas ? '' / `` Feed the World '' </Td> <Td> Band Aid </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 1984 - 12 - 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1959 </Td> <Td> `` Alvin 's Harmonica '' / `` Mediocre '' ( David Seville ) </Td> <Td> The Chipmunks </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> `` The Chipmunk Song '' / `` Almost Good '' ( David Seville ) </Td> <Td> The Chipmunks with the Music of David Seville </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> `` Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree '' / `` Papa Noël '' </Td> <Td> Lee , Brenda Brenda Lee </Td> <Td> Decca </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> `` Jingle Bell Rock '' / `` Captain Santa Claus ( and His Reindeer Space Patrol ) '' </Td> <Td> Bobby Helms </Td> <Td> Decca </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> `` Nuttin ' for Christmas '' / `` Santa Claus Looks Just Like Daddy '' </Td> <Td> Mooney , Art Art Mooney and His Orchestra Vocal by Barry Gordon </Td> <Td> MGM </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 </Td> <Td> `` I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus '' / `` Thumbelina '' </Td> <Td> Boyd , Jimmy Jimmy Boyd </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> `` Frosty the Snow Man '' / `` When Santa Claus Gets Your Letter '' </Td> <Td> Autry , Gene Gene Autry and The Cass County Boys </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> `` I Yust Go Nuts at Christmas '' / `` Yingle Bells '' </Td> <Td> Yorgesson , Yogi Yogi Yorgesson </Td> <Td> Capitol </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1949 </Td> <Td> `` Rudolph , the Red - Nosed Reindeer '' / `` If It Does n't Snow on Christmas '' </Td> <Td> Autry , Gene Gene Autry & The Pinafores </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 1969 - 11 - 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> `` All I Want for Christmas ( Is My Two Front Teeth ) '' / `` Happy New Year '' </Td> <Td> Jones , Spike Spike Jones and his City Slickers </Td> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> `` I 've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm '' / `` I 'm A-Tellin ' You , Sam '' </Td> <Td> Brown , Les Les Brown and his Orchestra </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> `` Here Comes Santa Claus ( Down Santa Claus Lane ) '' / `` An Old - Fashioned Christmas '' </Td> <Td> Autry , Gene Gene Autry </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> `` Christmas Island '' / `` Winter Wonderland '' </Td> <Td> Andrews Sisters and Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians </Td> <Td> Decca </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td> `` The Christmas Song ( Merry Christmas to You ) '' / `` In the Cool of Evening '' </Td> <Td> The King Cole Trio </Td> <Td> Capitol </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> `` White Christmas '' / `` If You Are But a Dream '' </Td> <Td> Sinatra , Frank Frank Sinatra </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> `` I 'll Be Home for Christmas (

The number one selling Christmas song of all time is

What is the number one selling christmas song of all time?

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Climate of Antarctica - wikipedia <H1> Climate of Antarctica </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Surface temperature of Antarctica in winter and summer from the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts <P> Antarctica has the coldest climate on the Earth . Antarctica 's lowest air temperature record was set on 21 July 1983 , with − 89.2 ° C ( − 128.6 ° F ) at Vostok Station . Satellite measurements have identified even lower ground temperatures , down to − 93.2 ° C ( − 135.8 ° F ) at the cloud free East Antarctic Plateau on 10 August 2010 . It is also extremely dry ( technically a desert ) , averaging 166 mm ( 6.5 in ) of precipitation per year . On most parts of the continent the snow rarely melts and is eventually compressed to become the glacier ice that makes up the ice sheet . Weather fronts rarely penetrate far into the continent , because of the katabatic winds . Most of Antarctica has an ice cap climate ( Köppen EF ) with very cold , generally extremely dry weather . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Temperature </Li> <Li> 2 Precipitation <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Weather condition classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ice cover <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Ice shelves </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Global warming </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Climate </Li> <Li> 8.2 Climate change in Antarctica </Li> <Li> 8.3 Antarctic ice </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Temperature ( edit ) </H2> The Antarctic temperature changes during the last several glacial and interglacial cycles of the present ice age <P> The lowest reliably measured temperature of a continuously occupied station on Earth of − 89.2 ° C ( − 128.6 ° F ) was on 21 July 1983 at Vostok Station . For comparison , this is 10.7 ° C ( 19.3 ° F ) colder than subliming dry ice ( at sea level pressure ) . The altitude of the location is 3,900 meters ( 12,800 feet ) . </P> <P> The lowest recorded temperature of any location on Earth 's surface was − 93.2 ° C ( − 135.8 ° F ) at 81 ° 48 ′ S 63 ° 30 ′ E  /  81.8 ° S 63.5 ° E  / - 81.8 ; 63.5 , which is on an unnamed Antarctic plateau between Dome A and Dome F , on 10 August 2010 . The temperature was deduced from radiance measured by the Landsat 8 satellite , and discovered during a National Snow and Ice Data Center review of stored data in December , 2013 . This temperature is not directly comparable to the - 89.2 quoted above , since it is a skin temperature deduced from satellite - measured upwelling radiance , rather than a thermometer - measured temperature of the air 1.5 m ( 4.9 ft ) above the ground surface . </P> <P> On the coast Antarctic average temperatures are around - 10 ° C ( in the warmest parts of Antarctica ) and in the elevated inland they average about - 55 ° C in Vostok . </P> <P> The highest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica was 17.5 ° C ( 63.5 ° F ) at Esperanza Base , on the Antarctic Peninsula , on 24 March 2015 . The mean annual temperature of the interior is − 57 ° C ( − 70.6 ° F ) . The coast is warmer . Monthly means at McMurdo Station range from − 26 ° C ( − 14.8 ° F ) in August to − 3 ° C ( 26.6 ° F ) in January . At the South Pole , the highest temperature ever recorded was − 12.3 ° C ( 9.9 ° F ) on 25 December 2011 . Along the Antarctic Peninsula , temperatures as high as 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) have been recorded , though the summer temperature is below 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) most of the time . Severe low temperatures vary with latitude , elevation , and distance from the ocean . East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation . The Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate . Higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing . </P> <H2> Precipitation ( edit ) </H2> Map of average annual precipitation on Antarctica ( mm liquid equivalent ) <P> The total precipitation on Antarctica , averaged over the entire continent , is about 166 millimetres ( 6.5 inches ) per year ( Vaughan et al. , J Climate , 1999 ) . The actual rates vary widely , from high values over the Peninsula ( 15 to 25 inches a year ) to very low values ( as little as 50 millimetres ( 2.0 inches ) in the high interior ( Bromwich , Reviews of Geophysics , 1988 ) . Areas that receive less than 250 millimetres ( 9.8 inches ) of precipitation per year are classified as deserts . Almost all Antarctic precipitation falls as snow . Rainfall is rare and mainly occurs during the summer in coastal areas and surrounding islands . Note that the quoted precipitation is a measure of its equivalence to water , rather than being the actual depth of snow . The air in Antarctica is also very dry . The low temperatures result in a very low absolute humidity , which means that dry skin and cracked lips are a continual problem for scientists and expeditioners working in the continent . </P> <H3> Weather condition classification ( edit ) </H3> See also : Antarctica Weather Danger Classification <P> The weather in Antarctica can be highly variable , and the weather conditions can often change dramatically in short periods of time . There are various classifications for describing weather conditions in Antarctica ; restrictions given to workers during the different conditions vary by station and nation . In Antarctic , there are different stations scattered everywhere in Antarctica , 16 total in Antarctica ( Amery , Burger Hills , Cape Poinsett , Casey , Davis , Dumont D'urville , Haupt Nunatak , Law Dome , Mawson , McMurdo , Mirnyj , Novolazarevskaja , Skiway South , Syowa , Whoop Whoop and Wilkins Runway ) and one in sub-Antarctica ( Macquarie Island ) . The three places that have the lowest temperature are Amery , Law Dome and Wilkins Runway ( temperature in order : - 24.1 , - 12.8 , - 10.2 ) . </P> <H2> Ice cover ( edit ) </H2> <P> Nearly all of Antarctica is covered by a sheet of ice that is , on average , a mile thick or more ( 1.6 km ) . Antarctica contains 90 % of the world 's ice and more than 70 % of its fresh water . If all the land - ice covering Antarctica were to melt -- around 30 million cubic kilometres ( 7.2 million cubic miles ) of ice -- the seas would rise by over 60 metres ( 200 feet ) . This is , however , very unlikely within the next few centuries . The Antarctic is so cold that even with increases of a few degrees , temperatures would generally remain below the melting point of ice . Higher temperatures are expected to lead to more snow , which would increase the amount of ice in Antarctica , offsetting approximately one third of the expected sea level rise from thermal expansion of the oceans . During a recent decade , East Antarctica thickened at an average rate of about 1.8 centimetres per year while West Antarctica showed an overall thinning of 0.9 centimetres per year . For the contribution of Antarctica to present and future sea level change , see sea level rise . Because ice flows , albeit slowly , the ice within the ice sheet is younger than the age of the sheet itself . </P> <Table> Morphometric data for Antarctica ( from Drewry , 1983 ) <Tr> <Th> Surface </Th> <Th> Area ( km2 ) </Th> <Th> Percent </Th> <Th> Mean ice thickness ( m ) </Th> <Th> Volume ( km3 ) </Th> <Th> Percent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inland ice sheet </Td> <Td> 11,965,700 </Td> <Td> 85.97 </Td> <Td> 2,450 </Td> <Td> 29,324,700 </Td> <Td> 97.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice shelves </Td> <Td> 1,541,710 </Td> <Td> 11.08 </Td> <Td> 475 </Td> <Td> 731,900 </Td> <Td> 2.43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice rises </Td> <Td> 78,970 </Td> <Td> . 57 </Td> <Td> 670 </Td> <Td> 53,100 </Td> <Td> . 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Glacier ice ( total ) </Th> <Td> 13,586,380 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2,160 </Td> <Td> 30,109,800 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rock outcrop </Td> <Td> 331,690 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Antarctica ( total ) </Th> <Td> 13,918,070 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> <Td> 2,160 </Td> <Td> 30,109,800 1 </Td> <Td> 100.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> 1The total ice volume is different from the sum of the component parts because individual figures have been rounded . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Regional ice data ( from Drewry and others , 1982 ; Drewry , 1983 ) <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Area ( km2 ) </Th> <Th> Mean ice thickness ( m ) </Th> <Th> Volume ( km3 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> East Antarctica </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inland ice </Td> <Td> 9,855,570 </Td> <Td> 2,630 </Td> <Td> 25,920,100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice shelves </Td> <Td> 293,510 </Td> <Td> 400 </Td> <Td> 117,400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice rises </Td> <Td> 4,090 </Td> <Td> 400 </Td> <Td> 1,600 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Antarctica ( excluding Antarctic Peninsula ) </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inland ice sheet </Td> <Td> 1,809,760 </Td> <Td> 1,780 </Td> <Td> 3,221,400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice shelves </Td> <Td> 104,860 </Td> <Td> 375 </Td> <Td> 39,300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice rises </Td> <Td> 3,550 </Td> <Td> 375 </Td> <Td> 1,300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Antarctic Peninsula </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inland ice sheet </Td> <Td> 300,380 </Td> <Td> 610 </Td> <Td> 183,200 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice shelves </Td> <Td> 144,750 </Td> <Td> 300 </Td> <Td> 43,400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice rises </Td> <Td> 1,570 </Td> <Td> 300 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ross Ice Shelf </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice shelf </Td> <Td> 525,840 </Td> <Td> 427 </Td> <Td> 224,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice rises </Td> <Td> 10,320 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> 5,100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Filchner - Ronne Ice Shelf </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice shelf </Td> <Td> 472,760 </Td> <Td> 650 </Td> <Td> 307,300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice rises </Td> <Td> 59,440 </Td> <Td> 750 </Td> <Td> 44,600 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Ice shelves ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs attention from an expert in glaciers . The specific problem is : unintelligible English and lack of clarity . WikiProject Glaciers may be able to help recruit an expert . ( April 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Antarctic ice shelves , 1998 <P> About 75 % of the coastline of Antarctica is ice shelves . The utmost parts consist of floating ice until the grounding line of land based glaciers is reached , which is determined through affords such as Operation IceBridge . Ice shelves lose mass through iceberg breakup ( calving ) , or basal melting ( at the foot of the glacier , when warm ocean water impacts ) , and this can affect ice sheet stability when the land based glaciers start to retreat ; melting or breakup of floating shelf ice does not directly affect global sea levels , however , when sea ice freezes , it preferentially expels salt , in

The coldest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica is

What is the coldest it has ever been in antarctica?

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Prince Edward Island - Wikipedia <H1> Prince Edward Island </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Canadian province . For the sub-Antarctic islands , see Prince Edward Islands . `` PEI '' redirects here . For other meanings of `` PEI '' , see Pei ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Prince Edward Island Île - du - Prince - Édouard ( French ) Epekwitk ( Mi'kmaq ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Flag </Td> <Td> Coat of arms </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Motto ( s ) : Latin : Parva sub ingenti ( The small protected by the great ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Confederation </Th> <Td> July 1 , 1873 ( 8th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Capital </Th> <Td> Charlottetown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Largest city </Th> <Td> Charlottetown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Largest metro </Th> <Td> Charlottetown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lieutenant Governor </Th> <Td> Antoinette Perry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Premier </Th> <Td> Wade MacLauchlan ( Liberal ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Legislature </Th> <Td> Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Federal representation </Th> <Td> ( in Canadian Parliament ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> House seats </Th> <Td> 4 of 338 ( 1.2 % ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Senate seats </Th> <Td> 4 of 105 ( 3.8 % ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 5,660 km ( 2,190 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Land </Th> <Td> 5,660 km ( 2,190 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water </Th> <Td> 0 km ( 0 sq mi ) 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area rank </Th> <Td> Ranked 13th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 0.1 % of Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population ( 2016 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 142,907 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Estimate ( 2018 Q1 ) </Th> <Td> 152,768 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Td> Ranked 10th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density </Th> <Td> 25.25 / km ( 65.4 / sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Demonym ( s ) </Th> <Td> Prince Edward Islander , Islander </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official languages </Th> <Td> English ( de facto ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> GDP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Td> 10th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total ( 2011 ) </Th> <Td> C $5.353 billion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Per capita </Th> <Td> C $36,740 ( 13th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time zone </Th> <Td> Atlantic : UTC - 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Postal abbr . </Th> <Td> PE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Postal code prefix </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISO 3166 code </Th> <Td> CA - PE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Flower </Th> <Td> Pink lady 's slipper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tree </Th> <Td> Red oak </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bird </Th> <Td> Blue jay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.princeedwardisland.ca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Rankings include all provinces and territories </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Prince Edward Island ( PEI or P.E.I. ; French : Île - du - Prince - Édouard ) is a province of Canada consisting of the island of the same name , and several much smaller islands . Prince Edward Island is one of the three Maritime Provinces and is the smallest province in both land area and population . It is part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq , and became a British colony in the 1700s and was federated into Canada as a province in 1873 . Its capital is Charlottetown . According to the 2016 census , the province of Prince Edward Island has 142,907 residents . </P> <P> The backbone of the economy is farming ; it produces 25 % of Canada 's potatoes . The island has several informal names : `` Garden of the Gulf '' , referring to the pastoral scenery and lush agricultural lands throughout the province ; and `` Birthplace of Confederation '' or `` Cradle of Confederation '' , referring to the Charlottetown Conference in 1864 , although PEI did not join Confederation until 1873 , when it became the seventh Canadian province . Historically , PEI is one of Canada 's older settlements and demographically still reflects older immigration to the country , with Celtic , Anglo - Saxon and French surnames being dominant to this day . </P> <P> PEI is located about 200 kilometres ( 120 miles ) north of Halifax , Nova Scotia , and 600 kilometres ( 370 miles ) east of Quebec City . It consists of the main island and 231 minor islands . Altogether , the entire province has a land area of 5,686.03 km ( 2,195.39 sq mi ) . The main island is 5,620 km ( 2,170 sq mi ) in size , slightly larger than the U.S. state of Delaware . It is the 104th - largest island in the world and Canada 's 23rd - largest island . PEI is the only subnational jurisdiction of North America outside the Caribbean to have no mainland territory , and the only such jurisdiction to have no land boundary , as the U.S. state of Hawaii is a part of Oceania , not North America . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Geography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Climate </Li> <Li> 2.2 Geology </Li> <Li> 2.3 Water supply </Li> <Li> 2.4 Flora and fauna </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 French colony <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Battle at Port - la - Joye ( 1745 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Battle at Port - la - Joye ( 1746 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 Expulsion of the Acadians </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 British colony <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Land distribution </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Raid on Charlottetown ( 1775 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Confederation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Demographics <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Language </Li> <Li> 4.2 Religion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Economy <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Energy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Government and politics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Municipalities </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Transportation </Li> <Li> 8 Education </Li> <Li> 9 Health care </Li> <Li> 10 Culture <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Arts </Li> <Li> 10.2 Festivals </Li> <Li> 10.3 Sports </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Notable people </Li> <Li> 12 Sister province </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Further reading </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> 1834 Edward Scriven engraving of Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn , after W. Beechey 's portrait <P> In 1798 , the British named the island colony for Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn ( 1767 -- 1820 ) , the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria . Prince Edward has been called `` Father of the Canadian Crown '' . The following island landmarks are also named after the Duke of Kent : </P> <Ul> <Li> Prince Edward Battery , Victoria Park , Charlottetown </Li> <Li> Kent College ( Established in 1804 by Lieutenant Governor Edmund Fanning and his Legislative Council , the college would eventually become the University of Prince Edward Island ) , Charlottetown </Li> <Li> Kent Street , Charlottetown </Li> <Li> West Kent Elementary School </Li> <Li> Kent Street , Georgetown </Li> </Ul> <P> In French , the island is called today Île - du - Prince - Édouard , but its former French name , as part of Acadia , was Île Saint - Jean ( St. John 's Island ) . The island is known in Scottish Gaelic as Eilean a ' Phrionnsa ( lit . `` the Island of the Prince '' , the local form of the longer ' Eilean a ' Phrionnsa Iomhair / Eideard ' ) or Eilean Eòin for some Gaelic speakers in Nova Scotia though not on PEI ( lit . `` John 's Island '' in reference to the island 's former name ) . The island is known in the Mi'kmaq language as Abegweit or Epekwitk roughly translated as `` land cradled in the waves '' . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Geography of Prince Edward Island <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> A wooden boardwalk in Prince Edward Island National Park in Greenwich <P> Prince Edward Island is located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence , west of Cape Breton Island , north of the Nova Scotia peninsula , and east of New Brunswick . Its southern shore bounds the Northumberland Strait . The island has two urban areas . The largest surrounds Charlottetown Harbour , situated centrally on the island 's southern shore , and consists of the capital city Charlottetown , and suburban towns Cornwall and Stratford and a developing urban fringe . A much smaller urban area surrounds Summerside Harbour , situated on the southern shore 40 km ( 25 mi ) west of Charlottetown Harbour , and consists primarily of the city of Summerside . As with all natural harbours on the island , Charlottetown and Summerside harbours are created by rias . </P> <P> The island 's landscape is pastoral . Rolling hills , woods , reddish white sand beaches , ocean coves and the famous red soil have given Prince Edward Island a reputation as a province of outstanding natural beauty . The provincial government has enacted laws to preserve the landscape through regulation , although there is a lack of consistent enforcement , and an absence of province - wide zoning and land - use planning . Under the Planning Act of the province , municipalities have the option to assume responsibility for land - use planning through the development and adoption of official plans and land use bylaws . Thirty - one municipalities have taken responsibility for planning . In areas where municipalities have not assumed responsibility for planning , the Province remains responsible for development control . </P> The landward side of sand dunes in Cavendish <P> The island 's lush landscape has a strong bearing on its economy and culture . The author Lucy Maud Montgomery drew inspiration from the land during the late Victorian Era for the setting of her classic novel Anne of Green Gables ( 1908 ) . Today , many of the same qualities that Montgomery and others found in the island are enjoyed by tourists who visit year - round . They enjoy a variety of leisure activities , including beaches , various golf courses , eco-tourism adventures , touring the countryside , and enjoying cultural events in local communities around the island . </P> <P> The smaller , rural communities as well as the towns and villages throughout the province , retain a slower - paced , old - world flavour . Prince Edward Island has become popular as a tourist destination for relaxation . The economy of most rural communities on the island is based on small - scale agriculture . Industrial farming has increased as businesses buy and consolidate older farm properties . </P> <P> The coastline has a combination of long beaches , dunes , red sandstone cliffs , salt water marshes , and numerous bays and harbours . The beaches , dunes and sandstone cliffs consist of sedimentary rock and other material with a high iron concentration , which oxidises upon exposure to the air . The geological properties of a white silica sand found at Basin Head are unique in the province ; the sand grains cause a scrubbing noise as they rub against each other when walked

The population of Prince Edward Island is

What's the population of prince edward island?

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Victory Garden - wikipedia <H1> Victory Garden </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Victory garden ( disambiguation ) . American WWII - era poster promoting victory gardens <P> Victory gardens , also called war gardens or food gardens for defense , were vegetable , fruit , and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States , United Kingdom , Canada , Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II . George Washington Carver wrote an agricultural tract and promoted the idea of what he called a `` Victory Garden '' . They were used along with Rationing Stamps and Cards to reduce pressure on the public food supply . Besides indirectly aiding the war effort , these gardens were also considered a civil `` morale booster '' in that gardeners could feel empowered by their contribution of labor and rewarded by the produce grown . This made victory gardens a part of daily life on the home front . </P> Two American war gardeners in 1918 <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 World War I <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Canada </Li> <Li> 1.2 United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 World War II <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Australia </Li> <Li> 2.2 Britain </Li> <Li> 2.3 United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Postwar </Li> <Li> 4 Films </Li> <Li> 5 Television </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> World War I ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Canada ( edit ) </H3> <P> Victory Gardens became popular in Canada in 1917 . Under the Ministry of Agriculture 's campaign , `` A Vegetable Garden for Every Home '' , residents of cities , towns and villages utilized backyard spaces to plant vegetables for personal use and war effort . In the city of Toronto , ladies organizations brought expert gardeners into the schools to get school children and their families interested in gardening . In addition to gardening , home owners were encouraged to keep hens in their yards for the purpose of collecting eggs . The result was large production of potatoes , beets , cabbage and other useful vegetables . </P> <H3> United States ( edit ) </H3> WWI - era U.S. victory poster . <P> In March 1917 , Charles Lathrop Pack organized the US National War Garden Commission and launched the war garden campaign . Food production had fallen dramatically during World War I , especially in Europe , where agricultural labor had been recruited into military service and remaining farms devastated by the conflict . Pack and others conceived the idea that the supply of food could be greatly increased without the use of land and manpower already engaged in agriculture , and without the significant use of transportation facilities needed for the war effort . The campaign promoted the cultivation of available private and public lands , resulting in over five million gardens in the USA and foodstuff production exceeding $1.2 billion by the end of the war . </P> <P> President Woodrow Wilson said that `` Food will win the war . '' To support the home garden effort , a United States School Garden Army was launched through the Bureau of Education , and funded by the War Department at Wilson 's direction . </P> <H2> World War II ( edit ) </H2> See also : Food waste in the United Kingdom § History The British `` Dig on for Victory '' poster by Peter Fraser A victory garden in a bomb crater in London during WWII . <H3> Australia ( edit ) </H3> <P> Australia launched a Dig for Victory campaign in 1942 as rationing and a shortage of agricultural workers began to affect food supplies . The situation began to ease in 1943 ; however , home gardens continued throughout the war . </P> <H3> Britain ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Britain , `` digging for victory '' used much land such as waste ground , railway edges , ornamental gardens and lawns , while sports fields and golf courses were requisitioned for farming or vegetable growing . Sometimes a sports field was left as it was but used for sheep - grazing instead of being mown ( for example see Lawrence Sheriff School § Effects of the Second World War ) . By 1943 , the number of allotments had roughly doubled to 1,400,000 , including rural , urban and suburban plots . C.H. Middleton 's radio programme In Your Garden reached millions of listeners keen for advice on growing potatoes , leeks and the like , and helped ensure a communal sense of contributing to the war effort ( as well as a practical response to food rationing ) . County Herb Committees were established to collect medicinal herbs when German blockades created shortages , for instance in Digitalis purpurea ( Foxglove ) which was used to regulate heartbeat . Victory gardens were planted in backyards and on apartment - building rooftops , with the occasional vacant lot `` commandeered for the war effort ! '' and put to use as a cornfield or a squash patch . During World War II , sections of lawn were publicly plowed for plots in Hyde Park , London to promote the movement , while allotments growing onions in the shadow of the Albert Memorial also pointed to everybody , high and low , chipping in to the national struggle . </P> <H3> United States ( edit ) </H3> <P> Amid regular rationing of food in Britain , the United States Department of Agriculture encouraged the planting of victory gardens during the course of World War II . Around one third of the vegetables produced by the United States came from victory gardens . It was emphasized to American home front urbanites and suburbanites that the produce from their gardens would help to lower the price of vegetables needed by the US War Department to feed the troops , thus saving money that could be spent elsewhere on the military : `` Our food is fighting , '' one US poster read . By May 1943 , there were 18 million victory gardens in the United States - 12 million in cities and 6 million on farms . </P> <P> Although at first the Department of Agriculture objected to Eleanor Roosevelt 's institution of a victory garden on the White House grounds , fearing that such a movement would hurt the food industry , basic information about gardening appeared in public services booklets distributed by the Department of Agriculture , as well as by agribusiness corporations such as International Harvester and Beech - Nut . Fruit and vegetables harvested in these home and community plots was estimated to be 9,000,000 -- 10,000,000 short tons ( 8,200,000 -- 9,100,000 t ) in 1944 , an amount equal to all commercial production of fresh vegetables . </P> <P> In New York City , the lawns around vacant `` Riverside '' were devoted to victory gardens , as were portions of San Francisco 's Golden Gate Park . The slogan `` grow your own , can your own '' , was a slogan that started at the time of the war and referred to families growing and canning their own food in victory gardens . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> A Victory Garden is like a share in an airplane factory . It helps win the War and it pays dividends too . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Claude Wickard , U.S. Secretary of Agriculture </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Postwar ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1946 , with the war over , many British residents did not plant victory gardens , in expectation of greater availability of food . However , shortages remained in the United Kingdom , and rationing remained in place for at least some food items until 1954 . </P> <P> Land at the centre of the Sutton Garden Suburb in Sutton , London was first put to use as a victory garden during World War II ; before then it had been used as a recreation ground with tennis courts . The land continued to be used as allotments by local residents for more than 50 years until they were evicted by the then landowner in 1997 . The land has since fallen into disuse . </P> <P> The Fenway Victory Gardens in the Back Bay Fens of Boston , Massachusetts and the Dowling Community Garden in Minneapolis , Minnesota remain active as the last surviving public examples from World War II . Most plots in the Fenway Victory Gardens now feature flowers instead of vegetables while the Dowling Community Garden retains its focus on vegetables . </P> <P> Since the turn of the 21st century , interest in victory gardens has grown . A campaign promoting such gardens has sprung up in the form of new victory gardens in public spaces , victory garden websites and blogs , as well as petitions to renew a national campaign for the victory garden and to encourage the re-establishment of a victory garden on the White House lawn . In March 2009 , First Lady Michelle Obama planted an 1,100 - square - foot ( 100 m ) `` Kitchen Garden '' on the White House lawn , the first since Eleanor Roosevelt 's , to raise awareness about healthy food . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several countries produced numerous information films about growing victory gardens . </P> <P> Canada </P> <Ul> <Li> World War II <Ul> <Li> He Plants for Victory ( 1943 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> United Kingdom </P> <Ul> <Li> World War I <Ul> <Li> Grow Vegetables For War Effort </Li> <Li> War Garden Parade </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> World War II <Ul> <Li> Dig For Victory ! ( 1940 , 1941 , 1942 ) </Li> <Li> Children 's Allotment Gardens ( 1942 ) </Li> <Li> Compost Heaps for Feeding ( 1942 ) </Li> <Li> Digging For Victory ( 1943 ) </Li> <Li> Winter Greens ( 1943 ) </Li> <Li> Blitz on Bugs ( 1944 ) </Li> <Li> Dig for Victory - Proceed According To Plan ( 1944 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> United States </P> <Ul> <Li> World War II <Ul> <Li> Victory Gardens ( 1941 , 1942 , 1943 ) </Li> <Li> Barney Bear 's Victory Garden ( 1942 ) </Li> <Li> As Ye Sow ( 1945 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Television ( edit ) </H2> <P> Historical documentary and reality television series such as The 1940s House , Wartime Farm and the second season of Coal House place modern families in a recreated wartime settings , including digging victory gardens . </P> <P> The WGBH public - television series The Victory Garden took the familiar expression to promote composting and intensive cropping for homeowners who wanted to raise some vegetables ( and some flowers ) . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Victory gardens . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Australian Women 's Land Army </Li> <Li> Community garden </Li> <Li> Home front during World War II </Li> <Li> List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> Rationing in the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> United States home front during World War II </Li> <Li> Women 's Land Army </Li> <Li> Woman 's Land Army of America </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hopkins , John Castell ( 1919 ) . The Province of Ontario in the War : A Record of Government and People . Toronto : Warwick Brothers and Rutter . pp. 60 -- 61 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pack , Charles Lathrop . War Gardens Victorious ( Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott , 1919 ) p. 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Eyle , Alexandra . Charles Lathrop Pack : Timberman , Forest Conservationist , and Pioneer in Forest Education ( Syracuse , NY : Syracuse

This poster was created to increase support for the war effort by linking food rationing to

This poster was created to increase support for the war effort.the poster links food rationing to?

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Kangla palace - wikipedia <H1> Kangla palace </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , related reading or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> The main entrance of the Kangla Fort in Imphal . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kingdom of Manipur </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of History of Manipur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kings of Manipur </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pamheiba </Th> <Td> 1720 -- 1751 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gaurisiam </Th> <Td> 1752 -- 1754 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chitsai </Th> <Td> 1754 -- 1756 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ching - Thang Khomba </Th> <Td> 1769 -- 1798 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rohinchandra </Th> <Td> 1798 -- 1801 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maduchandra Singh </Th> <Td> 1801 -- 1806 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chourjit Singh </Th> <Td> 1806 -- 1812 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Marjit Singh </Th> <Td> 1812 -- 1819 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gambhir Singh </Th> <Td> 1825 -- 1834 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Raja Nara Singh </Th> <Td> 1844 -- 1850 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Debindro Singh </Th> <Td> 1850 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chandrakirti Singh </Th> <Td> 1850 -- 1886 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Raja Surchandra </Th> <Td> 1886 -- 1890 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kulachandra Singh </Th> <Td> 1890 -- 1891 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Churachandra Singh </Th> <Td> 1891 -- 1941 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bodhchandra Singh </Th> <Td> 1941 -- 1949 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Manipur monarchy data </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ningthouja dynasty ( Royal family ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Pakhangba ( Symbol of the kingdom ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cheitharol Kumbaba ( Royal chronicle ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Imphal ( Capital of the kingdom ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Kangla Palace ( Royal residence ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Palace of Kangla is an old palace at Imphal in Manipur ( Kangleipak ) . It was situated on both sides ( western and eastern ) of the bank of the Imphal River . But now it remains only on the western side of the bank . Only the ruins remain now . Kangla means `` dry land '' in old Meitei . It was the traditional seat of the past Meitei rulers of Manipur . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Introduction </Li> <Li> 2 Historical and archeological significance </Li> <Li> 3 Anglo - Manipur War of 1891 </Li> <Li> 4 Holy / Sacred places of Kangla <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Nungjeng Pukhri and other ponds </Li> <Li> 4.2 Nunggoibi </Li> <Li> 4.3 Manglen </Li> <Li> 4.4 Kangla Men Surung </Li> <Li> 4.5 Site of Lord Wangbaren </Li> <Li> 4.6 Site for Lord Koubru </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Monuments and archaeological sites in Kangla Fort <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ruins of the Citadel </Li> <Li> 5.2 Ruins of the Uttra </Li> <Li> 5.3 Site of the two ' Kangla Sha ' </Li> <Li> 5.4 Temple of Shree - Shree Govindajee </Li> <Li> 5.5 Stone inscription </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Important structures of the British / Post Independence period </Li> <Li> 7 Concept Development Plan ( CDP ) of ' Kangla ' Fort Archaeological Park ( KFAP ) </Li> <Li> 8 Assurances from the Government of India </Li> <Li> 9 ' Kangla Fort Ordinance. 2004 ' </Li> <Li> 10 Historical and archeological significance </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Introduction ( edit ) </H2> Channel around a part of Kangla <P> ' Kangla ' was the ancient capital of Manipur from the ancient times down to the year 1891 AD . It is located at the heart of the Imphal city almost intersected by 24 ° N Latitude , 94 ° E Longitude and it is 2,619 feet ( 798 m ) above mean sea level . It is situated on the western bank of the Imphal River . </P> <P> In ancient times , ' Kangla ' was the royal palace since the reign of Pakhangba who ascended the throne in 33 AD , according to `` Cheitharol Kummaba '' , the royal Chronicle of Manipur . </P> <P> In pre-Pakhangba period , a ruling clan named Khaba ruled from ' Kangla ' . ' Kangla ' is not only the seat of political power but also a holy place for religious worship and ceremonies . There are a number of ancient treaties / manuscripts especially `` Sakoklamlen '' `` Chinglon Laihui '' , `` Nunglon '' etc. , which lay down the rules for the construction , worship , ceremonies relating to ' Kangla '. these palace was surrounded by a huge channel called `` kangla pat '' </P> <H2> Historical and archeological significance ( edit ) </H2> Kangla gate ( view from inside ) The main Kangla Gate today <P> Kangla is the most important historical and archeological site of Manipur . The kingdom of Manipur was established and developed at Kangla . Being a site of political and religious centre , Kangla has grown into a formidable fortress city through the centuries . It is from this capital that the Ningthouja clan gradually wielded enough political and military power and grew up to be the most dominant clan in Manipur . The royal chronicle gives many references to the construction of Kangla by successive reigning kings in Manipur . </P> <P> The major landmarks in the growth of Kangla Fort were constructed by King Khagemba ( 1597 -- 1652 AD ) , the conqueror of the Chinese . The royal chronicle records that in 1632 AD , Khagemba constructed a brick wall at the western gate of Kangla Fort . It appears that the art of brick making was acquired from the Chinese prisoners who were captured during the Chinese invasion of the eastern frontier of Manipur . Khagemba 's son Khunjaoba ( 1632 -- 1666 AD ) improved on the fortification and beautification work of Kangla Fort . It is said that the king excavated a moat ( Thangapat ) on the western side of the Fort . During his period , the power and prestige of Manipur was at its peak . Burmese kings / chiefs approached him to settle their disputes and beg the hands of Manipuri princesses . The Fort was further improved and enlarged by King Garibaniwaz and after him by successive kings of Manipur . </P> <P> Since the reign of Maharaja Bhagyachandra ( 1762 -- 1798 AD ) , due to repeated invasion by the Burmese , Kangla was deserted several times . Maharaj Gambhir Singh , with the help of the Manipur Levy , liberated Manipur from the hands of the Burmese invading forces which occupied Manipur for seven years . This period of Burmese Rule is known as `` Chahi Taret Khuntakpa '' ( Seven Years Devastation ) in the annals of Manipur . Gambhir Singh , however , established his capital at Langthabal which is now known as Canchipur . During the reign of Nara Singh , the capital was shifted to Kangla in 1844 . </P> <H2> Anglo - Manipur War of 1891 ( edit ) </H2> Remains of an inner wall inside the fort . <P> King Chandrakriti was succeeded by his eldest son Surchandra . However , he could not control his step brothers . As a result , Senapati Tikendrajit revolted against him and put his own brother Yubaraj Kulachandra to the Throne of Manipur . By this time , the Britishers took advantage to intervene in the internal affairs of Manipur . They sent Mr. J.W. Quinton , the Chief Commissioner of Assam to negotiate the palace revolt and to exile Senapati Tikendrajit . Thus , the first battle of the Anglo - Manipur War of 1891 broke out when the British forces , under orders from Mr. J.W. Quinton , the Chief Commissioner of Assam , attacked on ' Kangla ' , the Manipur Fort , in the early hours of 24 March 1891 . </P> <P> Manipur was an independent Asiatic power in alliance with the British Sovereign . This undeclared aggression left the Manipuris infuriated . However , they agreed to negotiate with the British officials when approached . The negotiation failed and the Manipuri commander ordered to execute the British Officers , though the King asked to keep them as prisoners . Thereafter , the British Empire declared war against Manipur and attacked it from three sides i.e. , Silchar , Kohima and Tamu ( in Myanmar ) . They conquered ' Kangla Fort ' on 27 April 1891 . Yubaraj Tikendrajit and Thangal General etc. , were publicly executed by the British . Since then , ' Kangla ' has been under occupation by the Security forces / Assam Rifles till 2004 . </P> <H2> Holy / sacred places of Kangla ( edit ) </H2> <P> ' Kangla ' is regarded as the holiest place for the Manipuris . It is a centre of pilgrimage for all the Manipuris who are residing in Manipur , Assam , Bengal , Uttar Pradesh , Bangladesh and Myanmar etc . It is believed that Lord Pakhangba resides under ' Kangla ' and ruled the Kingdom of Manipur and the Universe . It is also believed that there are 360 important holy / sacred places in ' Kangla ' . Some of the important holy places in ' Kangla ' are : </P> <H3> Nungjeng Pukhri and other ponds ( edit ) </H3> <P> This is a sacred pond believed to be the abode of Lord Pakhangba . It is located to the north - west of the `` Uttra '' . Religious rituals are performed here . Besides this , there are other holy ponds like `` Chingkhei Nungjeng '' , `` Manung Nungjeng '' and `` Lai Pukhri '' etc . </P> <H3> Nunggoibi ( edit ) </H3> <P> The site is a sacred place of worship of the Goddess of War . The `` Huyein Lalu Chanba '' ritual was performed here , whenever a King of Manipur emerged victorious in battle . </P> <H3> Manglen ( edit ) </H3> <P> It is the cremation site of the Kings of Manipur . The `` Manglen '' is believed to have been developed by Maharaj Garibaniwaz in 1738 . According to the royal chronicle , the Cheitharol Kumbaba , Nara Singh Maharaj ( 1844 -- 50 ) was cremated here at the `` Manglen '' . </P> <H3> Kangla men surung ( edit ) </H3> <P> This is a sacred place where the kings of Manipur performed their coronation ceremony / erat - thouni . It is believed that the king will be able to rule the state or not according to the results of the ceremony / erat - thouni . </P> <H3> Site of Lord wangbaren ( edit ) </H3> <P> This is located to the southeastern corner of ' Kangla ' where ceremony / erat - thouni were performed in connection with flood and natural calamities . </P> <H3> Site for Lord koubru ( edit ) </H3> <P> It is located to the northwestern corner of ' Kangla ' and is worshipped mainly for good rainfall etc . </P> <P> Besides these holy / sacred places , there are `` Paotak Pung '' , `` Pakhangba Pung '' , `` Pakhangba Khuda '' , `` Nata Pung '' , `` Yaorei Khukal Tetnou Yotli Chingba Ching '' , `` Yaoreibi '' `` Yaichampat '' , `` Lukhrapat '' , the site of `` Mangang Guru '' , `` Shumshang '' , `` Yumjaolairenbi '' , `` Lai - Nongshaba '' , etc . </P> <H2> Monuments and Archaeological sites in Kangla Fort ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Ruins of the Citadel ( edit ) </H3> <P> Cheitharol Kumbaba , the royal chronicle , records the construction of the Citadel in 1611 , that is

The first coronated king of Manipur at Kangla was

Who was the first coronated king of manipur at kangla?

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season . Derek put up Ryan because he and Kaela did not have a strong relationship with him . He remained a backup target in case Johnny won the vote . He nominated Johnny for trying to take out Kaela and Derek in previous weeks . He was also targeted for lying about voting to evict Will and competition dominance . Derek then won the POV . At the veto ceremony , he decided to keep his nominations in place . Ryan was evicted in a unanimous vote and became the first member of the Jury of seven . </P> <P> Following Ryan 's eviction , The houseguests competed in the `` Slippery Slope '' competition . Johnny won and immediately named Keala and Derek have - nots for the week. he them nominated the two for eviction , with Derek as the target . Derek then won the POV for the second straight time . </P> <H2> Have - Nots ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Week 1 </Th> <Th> Week 2 </Th> <Th> Week 3 </Th> <Th> Week 4 </Th> <Th> Week 5 </Th> <Th> Week 6 </Th> <Th> Week 7 </Th> <Th> Week 8 </Th> <Th> Week 9 </Th> <Th> Week 10 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Have - Nots </Th> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Derek , Erica , Hamza , Jesse </Td> <Td> Derek , Erica , Kaela , Merron </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Alejandra , Johnny , Kaela , Merron </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Alejandra , Kaela , Olivia , Paras </Td> <Td> Derek , Kaela </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Notes </P> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Alejandra , Johnny , Kaela , Maddy , Paras , Rozina , and Will were put in Hell by Andrew on night one , so they all were on slop for the week except for Johnny , because he was the Head of Household . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Originally , Olivia successfully completed a task so there would be no Have - Nots for the week . After the veto ceremony , Big Brother punished the houseguests and put all of them on slop for the remainder of the week . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ There were no official have - nots for this week , however HouseGuests were put on slop for one hour for every five minutes that elapsed from the beginning to the end of the endurance Head of Household competition . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Shortlist ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Week 1 </Th> <Th> Week 2 </Th> <Th> Week 3 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 4 </Th> <Th> Week 5 </Th> <Th> Week 6 </Th> <Th> Week 7 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 8 </Th> <Th> Week 9 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 10 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> HOH </Th> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Olivia </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Kaela </Td> <Td> Derek </Td> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Derek </Td> <Td> Kaela </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Shortlist </Th> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Andrew , Erica , Hamza , Olivia </Td> <Td> Alejandra , Jesse , Olivia , Ryan </Td> <Td> Hamza , Maddy , Merron , Veronica </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Alejandra , Merron , Ryan , Will </Td> <Td> Johnny , Maddy , Ryan , Will </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Alejandra , Derek , Kaela , Paras </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Derek , Maddy , Paras , Will </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : The shortlist was not revealed to the viewers . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Due to a double eviction , the second round of week 4 had no shortlist . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Due to a triple eviction , the second round of week 8 had no shortlist . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Voting history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Week 1 </Th> <Th> Week 2 </Th> <Th> Week 3 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 4 </Th> <Th> Week 5 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 6 </Th> <Th> Week 7 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 8 </Th> <Th> Week 9 </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Week 10 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Day 20 </Th> <Th> Day 27 </Th> <Th> Day 34 </Th> <Th> Day 41 </Th> <Th> Day 48 </Th> <Th> Day 55 </Th> <Th> Day 62 </Th> <Th> Day 69 </Th> <Th> Finale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head of Household </Th> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Olivia </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Kaela </Td> <Td> Derek </Td> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Derek </Td> <Td> Kaela </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( none ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nominations ( pre-veto ) </Th> <Td> Alejandra Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew Hamza </Td> <Td> Jesse Olivia </Td> <Td> Maddy Merron </Td> <Td> Merron Ryan </Td> <Td> Merron Ryan </Td> <Td> Ryan Will </Td> <Td> Ryan Will </Td> <Td> Johnny Ryan </Td> <Td> Derek Kaela </Td> <Td> Johnny Maddy Olivia </Td> <Td> Paras Will </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Veto Winner </Th> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Johnny </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Derek </Td> <Td> Derek </Td> <Td> Kaela </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( none ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nominations ( post-veto ) </Th> <Td> Alejandra Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew Hamza </Td> <Td> Jesse Olivia </Td> <Td> Merron Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza Merron </Td> <Td> Merron Ryan </Td> <Td> Ryan Will </Td> <Td> Erica Will </Td> <Td> Johnny Ryan </Td> <Td> Alejandra Kaela </Td> <Td> Johnny Maddy Olivia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="16"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Derek </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Olivia </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Alejandra </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kaela </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Maddy </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maddy </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Alejandra </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Paras </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Alejandra </Td> <Td> Maddy </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Will </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Nominated </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Alejandra </Td> <Td> Maddy </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Johnny </Th> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Will </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Evicted ( Day 55 ) </Td> <Td> Jury Member </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Olivia </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Kaela </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Evicted ( Day 55 ) </Td> <Td> Jury Member </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alejandra </Th> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Erica </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Evicted ( Day 55 ) </Td> <Td> Jury Member </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ryan </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Hamza </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Will </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Evicted ( Day 48 ) </Td> <Td> Jury Member </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Erica </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Merron </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Nominations void </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="11"> Evicted ( Day 41 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Merron </Th> <Td> Not in House </Td> <Td> Exempt </Td> <Td> Jesse </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="11"> Evicted ( Day 34 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hamza </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Head of Household </Td> <Td> Veronica </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="12"> Evicted ( Day 27 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Veronica </Th> <Td> Not in House </Td> <Td> Exempt </Td> <Td> Olivia </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="13"> Evicted ( Day 27 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jesse </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Andrew </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="14"> Evicted ( Day 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Andrew </Th> <Td> Rozina </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="15"> Evicted ( Day 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rozina </Th> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="16"> Evicted ( Day 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="16"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notes </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 5 , 6 , 7 </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Evicted </Th> <Td> Rozina 11 of 11 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Andrew 10 of 10 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Jesse 9 of 11 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Veronica 9 of 10 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Hamza 8 of 9 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Merron 5 of 8 votes to evict </Td> <Td> None </Td> <Td> Erica 5 of 7 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Ryan 6 of 6 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Alejandra 4 of 5 votes to evict </Td> <Td> Olivia 0 of 3 votes to save </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Johnny 0 of 3 votes to save </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Notes ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> ^ Note 1 : On Night 1 , the 14 HouseGuests participated in a toast . Andrew toasted with the only Goblet with a Blue Eye . Because of this , he was tasked with dividing the House between Heaven and Hell . The 7 HouseGuests sent to Heaven would have immunity from the first eviction and be given their personal belongings . The 7 HouseGuests sent to Hell would not be given their belongings and be on slop for the first week . Additionally , they will be the only HouseGuests eligible to compete for Head of Household . </Li> <Li> ^ Note 2 : Four potential contestants competed for Canada 's vote to become Houseguests . Following Rozina 's eviction , it was revealed that Veronica and Merron received the most votes to enter the House . As new HouseGuests , they were immune for the week and were not eligible to vote at the second eviction . </Li> <Li> ^ Note 3 : Week 3 's HoH Competition was played in pairs . As Erica was left without a partner , she was awarded immunity for the week . However , Erica will still be able to compete in the next HOH . </Li> <Li> ^ Note 4 : Week 4 was a double eviction week . Following Veronica 's eviction , the remaining HouseGuests played a week 's worth of games -- including HoH and Veto competitions and Nomination , Veto and Eviction ceremonies -- during the remainder of the live show , culminating in a second eviction for the week . </Li> <Li> ^ Note 5 : After Merron 's eviction , Arisa revealed the `` Canada 's Save '' Twist to the audience .

The winner of Big Brother Head of Household in Canada was

Who won big brother head of household canada?

1729335868618505893

Brutus Buckeye - wikipedia <H1> Brutus Buckeye </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Brutus Buckeye </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Brutus during the Army game in 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> University </Th> <Td> The Ohio State University </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Td> Big Ten </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Description </Th> <Td> Anthropomorphic buckeye nut </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin of name </Th> <Td> Winning entry in competition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First seen </Th> <Td> 1965 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Brutus Buckeye is the athletics mascot of The Ohio State University . Brutus made his debut in 1965 , with periodic updates to design and wardrobe occurring in the years since . As a member of the spirit squad , Brutus Buckeye travels to many events around the university and often makes appearances around Columbus . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Appearances </Li> <Li> 3 2010 tackling </Li> <Li> 4 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Books </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ohio State students Ray Bourhis and Sally Huber decided Ohio State needed a mascot in 1965 and convinced the athletic council to study the matter . At the time , mascots were generally animals brought into the stadium or arena . A buck deer was contemplated but rejected as impossible . Instead , the buckeye was selected , as the buckeye is the official state tree of Ohio . A simple papier - mâché nut was constructed by students , worn over the head and torso , with legs sticking out . It made its appearance at the Minnesota vs. Ohio State homecoming football game on October 30 , 1965 . The heavy papier - mâché nut did not last and it was soon replaced by a fiberglass shell . On November 21 , 1965 , The Columbus Dispatch reported that judges picked Brutus Buckeye to be the new mascot 's name after a campus - wide `` Name the Buckeye '' contest . The winning name was the idea of then Ohio State student Kerry J. Reed , 21 . `` Block O '' agreed to care for Brutus in December . In the early 2000s , the Brutus costume was stolen before a game . The mascot was forced to wear the old costume . </P> <P> Brutus has a buckeye head and block O hat , scarlet and grey shirt emblazoned `` Brutus '' and `` 00 '' , red pants with an Ohio State towel hanging over the front , and high white socks with black shoes . Male and female students both serve as Brutus Buckeye . </P> <H2> Appearances ( edit ) </H2> Brutus in Austin , TX before a football game against the Texas Longhorns <Ul> <Li> Brutus Buckeye appears in ESPN This Is Sportscenter ads eating lunch and performing aerobics with Richard Simmons . </Li> <Li> Brutus appears in Home Depot commercials advertising Glidden paint strapped to the back of a truck . </Li> <Li> Brutus appears in the NCAA Football series and NCAA March Madness series of video games as a mascot and has his own mascot team . </Li> <Li> During the 2002 -- 2003 NCAA football season , Brutus was 1 of 12 contestants competing to be the Capital One National Mascot of the Year . Brutus appeared in approximately 4 commercials depicting the faux competition between the 12 mascots . He appeared again for the 2010 -- 11 NCAA football season , this time with fifteen other mascots and then again in the 2011 -- 12 NCAA football season . </Li> <Li> In 2006 , Brutus appeared on The Daily Show 's Midwest Midterm Midtacular as a guest correspondent and was interviewed by Jon Stewart . In the middle of the interview , Brutus is caught and eaten by a giant squirrel , a play on the fact that he is a nut . </Li> <Li> Brutus was the subject of a comic series from the College of Pharmacy at the University entitled `` Adventures in Pharmacy '' . Episodes depicted Brutus as a patient stricken with common household illnesses including the influenza , gout and the common cold . Adventures in Pharmacy was created as a community service by The Ohio State College of Pharmacy , the Department of Athletics , and the Columbus Public Schools . One of the goals of this program is to educate students about the role pharmacists play in health care and the treatment of common illnesses . </Li> </Ul> <H2> 2010 tackling ( edit ) </H2> <P> On September 18 , 2010 , the Ohio Bobcats football team played the Ohio State Buckeyes in Columbus . As the Buckeyes were running onto the field , Brandon Hanning , dressed as Rufus the Bobcat , saw Ohio State mascot Brutus Buckeye leading the team and charged into the field . Hanning failed in his initial sideswiping attempt on Brutus , losing his mascot head in the process . Hanning then got back on his feet and ran after Brutus and jumped on his back and continued to hit the mascot in the head . Hanning was then pulled aside by security who told him to stop . Neither Rufus nor Brutus were harmed during the event . After the game , Hanning was terminated from his position as Ohio 's mascot , and was banned from attending Ohio home athletic events . </P> <P> In a post-game interview , Hanning explained that this was his sole purpose in trying out to be the mascot . `` It was actually my whole plan to tackle Brutus when I tried out to be mascot , '' Hanning explained , `` I tried out about a year ago , and the whole reason I tried out was so I could come up here to Ohio State and tackle Brutus . '' When asked if the attack on Brutus was the first mascot brawl he had been in he replied with , `` Before this , I actually got in a fight with the Buffalo mascot . He 's a bull . I started it . I was thinking I should go ahead and try out tackling another mascot . I brought a red square cape thing , like in a bullfight . He was just playing around , acting like he was charging me . I tackled him and put him on the ground . It was pretty funny . No one got upset because it was n't Ohio State . '' </P> <H2> Footnotes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ OSU vs UM Brutus Buckeye , Ohio State University Libraries , October 14 , 2009 . Retrieved on October 19 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brutus Buckeye Chronology , The Ohio State University Cheerleading . Retrieved on June 27 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jon Stewart ( 2006 ) . Brutus Buckeye ( TV - Series ) . Comedy Central . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Brutus Buckeye Attacked By Ohio Bobcat '' . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` Brutus Turns 40 '' , Ohio State University Athletics Department press release , September 3 , 2005 . Retrieved on June 27 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Blundo , Joe , `` Their Child Is a Nut , But They 're Proud '' , The Columbus Dispatch , October 16 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Kehoe , Susan , `` Up close and personal with Brutus Buckeye '' , The Lantern , January 3 , 2005 . Retrieved on June 27 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Lestini , Gregory J. & Glenn , Anna , `` Brutus Buckeye , recognized nut at Ohio State '' , The Lantern , November 22 , 1996 . Retrieved on June 27 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Martin , Melissa , `` Brutus ' threads under scrutiny '' , The Lantern , March 7 , 2002 . Retrieved on June 27 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Sowash , Audra , `` Brutus Buckeye costume fits man , woman equally '' , The Lantern , April 12 , 2001 . Retrieved on June 27 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> `` Brutus Photo Page '' , Buckeye 50 Yard Line , Retrieved on November 5 , 2008 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dean , Meredith ; Marshall , Michelle ; & Cleverley , James . The Spirit of a Buckeye : Brutus Buckeye 's Lessons for Life . Cleverley Created , Ltd. , Columbus , Ohio . ISBN 0 - 9675664 - 0 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Bourhis , Ray ; Lanyon , Sally . The Autobiography of Brutus Buckeye . Orange Frazer , Ltd. , Wilmington , Ohio . ISBN 978 - 1939710 - 376 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Autobiography of Brutus Buckeye </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Ohio State University </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Located in : Columbus , Ohio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Campuses </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Columbus Main Campus </Li> <Li> Delaware Center </Li> <Li> Lima Campus </Li> <Li> Mansfield Campus </Li> <Li> Marion Campus </Li> <Li> Newark Campus </Li> <Li> Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center </Li> <Li> Agricultural Technical Institute </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Academics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> College of Dentistry </Li> <Li> College of Engineering </Li> <Li> John Glenn School of Public Affairs </Li> <Li> College of Medicine </Li> <Li> Fisher College of Business </Li> <Li> Moritz College of Law </Li> <Li> Health Sciences Center for Global Health </Li> <Li> Reading Recovery </Li> <Li> Ross Mathematics Program </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Athletics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bill Davis Stadium </Li> <Li> Jerome Schottenstein Center </Li> <Li> Ohio Stadium </Li> <Li> Ohio State University Golf Club </Li> <Li> OSU Ice Rink </Li> <Li> OSU baseball </Li> <Li> OSU men 's basketball </Li> <Li> OSU women 's basketball </Li> <Li> OSU field hockey </Li> <Li> OSU football </Li> <Li> OSU men 's ice hockey </Li> <Li> OSU women 's ice hockey </Li> <Li> OSU men 's lacrosse </Li> <Li> OSU men 's soccer </Li> <Li> St. John Arena </Li> <Li> Woody Hayes Athletic Center </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Facilities </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum </Li> <Li> Blackwell Inn </Li> <Li> Drake Performance and Event Center </Li> <Li> Hilandar Research Library </Li> <Li> John A. Prior Health Sciences Library </Li> <Li> Ohio State University Airport </Li> <Li> Ohio Union </Li> <Li> Orton Hall </Li> <Li> South Bass Island Light </Li> <Li> Lincoln and Morrill Towers </Li> <Li> Thompson Library </Li> <Li> Wexner Center for the Arts </Li> <Li> Wexner Medical Center </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Lantern </Li> <Li> Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society </Li> <Li> Journal of Money , Credit and Banking </Li> <Li> Journal of Number Theory </Li> <Li> Ohio State University Press </Li> <Li> WOSU - FM </Li> <Li> WOSU - TV / WPBO </Li> <Li> WOSA </Li> <Li> WVSG </Li> <Li> AROUSE OSU </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Research </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aeronautical & Astronautical Research Laboratory </Li> <Li> The Big Ear </Li> <Li> Buckeye Bullet </Li> <Li> Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center </Li> <Li> Center for Interdisciplinary Law and Policy Studies </Li> <Li> Center for Survey Research </Li> <Li> Chadwick Arboretum </Li> <Li> DNB Extension for Education and Research </Li> <Li> Edison Welding Institute </Li> <Li> James Cancer Hospital </Li> <Li> Large Binocular Telescope </Li> <Li> Mershon Center for International Security Studies </Li> <Li> Mobius project </Li> <Li> National Cartoon Museum </Li> <Li> Newman projection </Li> <Li> Olentangy River Wetland Research Park </Li> <Li> Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital </Li> <Li> Secrest Arboretum </Li> <Li> Stone Laboratory </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traditions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Across the Field </Li> <Li> Brutus Buckeye </Li> <Li> Buckeye Battle Cry </Li>

The buckeye is the mascot for Ohio State University because it is

What is a buckeye the mascot for ohio state university?

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</Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 5 ) / Lamar McHan ( 7 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 8 ) / Lamar McHan ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 10 ) / John Roach ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 13 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 12 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 9 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 9 ) / Don Horn ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 13 ) / Don Horn ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Scott Hunter ( 10 ) / Bart Starr ( 3 ) / Zeke Bratkowski ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Scott Hunter ( 14 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Jerry Tagge ( 6 ) / Scott Hunter ( 5 ) / Jim Del Gaizo ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> John Hadl ( 6 ) / Jerry Tagge ( 6 ) / Jack Concannon ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> John Hadl ( 13 ) / Don Milan ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 10 ) / Carlos Brown ( 3 ) / Randy Johnson ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 9 ) / David Whitehurst ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> David Whitehurst ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> David Whitehurst ( 13 ) / Lynn Dickey ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 13 ) / David Whitehurst ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 9 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 15 ) / Randy Wright ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 10 ) / Jim Zorn ( 5 ) / Randy Wright ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Randy Wright ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Randy Wright ( 7 ) / Don Majkowski ( 5 ) / Alan Risher ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> Don Majkowski ( 9 ) / Randy Wright ( 7 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Don Majkowski ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Don Majkowski ( 8 ) / Anthony Dilweg ( 7 ) / Blair Kiel ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Don Majkowski ( 8 ) / Mike Tomczak ( 7 ) / Blair Kiel ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 13 ) / Don Majkowski ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 15 ) / Matt Flynn ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 15 ) / Matt Flynn ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 9 ) / Matt Flynn ( 4 ) / Scott Tolzien ( 2 ) / Seneca Wallace ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 16 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 7 ) / Brett Hundley ( 9 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Postseason ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Quarterback ( games ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> Arnie Herber ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> Arnie Herber ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1939 </Td> <Td> Arnie Herber ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 </Td> <Td> Cecil Isbell ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 </Td> <Td> Irv Comp ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Bart Starr ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Scott Hunter ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Lynn Dickey ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Brett Favre ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Aaron Rodgers ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 1921 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1922 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1923 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1924 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1925 Green Bay Packers Starters , Roster , & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1925 Green Bay Packers Starters , Roster , & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1927 Green Bay Packers Starters , Roster , & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1928 Green Bay Packers Starters , Roster , & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1929 Green Bay Packers Starters , Roster , & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1930 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1931 Green Bay Packers Starters , Roster , & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1932 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1933 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1934 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1935 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1936 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1937 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1938 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1939 Green Bay Packers Statistics & Players '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1940 Green Bay Packers Statistics &

The quarterback for the Green Bay Packers is

Who is the quarterback for the green bay packers?

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</Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 96 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United Kingdom </Li> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> About £ 700,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $14,924,919 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Angus , Thongs and Perfect Snogging is a 2008 British coming of age - comedy film co-written and directed by Gurinder Chadha . The film 's lead is played by Georgia Groome , with Aaron Taylor - Johnson and Karen Taylor amongst the supporting cast . The story is based on two teenage novels by Louise Rennison : Angus , Thongs and Full - Frontal Snogging and It 's OK , I 'm Wearing Really Big Knickers . The narrative follows fourteen - year - old Georgia Nicholson ( Groome ) as she tries to find a boyfriend while also organising her fifteenth birthday party . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Release </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Music </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> On the first day of the school year Georgia and her friends , Jas , Ellen and Rosie spot two new brothers that have just moved to Eastbourne from London , fraternal twins Robbie and Tom . The girls follow the boys , who are exploring Eastbourne with their friend Dave `` the Laugh '' . </P> <P> Georgia then hatches a plan to get close to Robbie . Realizing that Robbie likes cats she pretends her cat , Angus , has gone missing . Jas has Angus on a leash , but he escapes and Tom rescues him . Jas and Tom begin dating while Robbie is dating Georgia 's rival - Lindsay . </P> <P> In the midst of all this , Georgia 's father has been offered a job in New Zealand , and he goes to New Zealand to prepare for the family to move out with him . During his absence , Georgia 's mum hires a handsome builder called Jem to re-do the living room , and begins to spend increasingly longer periods of time with him , making Georgia worried as to the state of her parents marriage . </P> <P> In an attempt to `` grow up '' for Robbie , Georgia then goes to have `` snogging lessons '' with Peter Dyer . He becomes infatuated with her and at a party the following night , he tries to kiss her , causing her to fall in to a bush and expose her underwear to Robbie , Lindsay , Jas and Tom , who see her on the ground with Peter . In order to get away from Peter , Georgia tells him that she is a lesbian . Tom invites Jas to go swimming with him and Robbie . Georgia conspires to meet them at the pool and brings her sister along as she is stuck babysitting her . While in the pool Robbie and Georgia kiss . Robbie then leaves , claiming that he has to `` sort some things out '' but that he will phone Georgia later . </P> <P> A few weeks later Georgia asks Dave the laugh to a gig for Robbie 's band , the Stiff Dylans . After reading Men are from Mars , Women are from Venus Georgia hatches a plan to make Robbie to realize his feelings for her by going to the gig with Dave the Laugh . Robbie tries to talk to Georgia at the gig , but is stopped by Lindsay . </P> <P> At school , Dave finds out that Georgia was only using him to make Robbie jealous and so stops talking to her . When Dave tells Robbie that Georgia was only using him , he stops talking to her as well . When she finds out it was Jas that leaked this information , they have an argument , and they vow never to speak to each other again and then Robbie tells her a sad bit of his disappointment in her . </P> <P> Feeling like there is no point in staying in England , Georgia decides that she would like to move to New Zealand . Before she leaves she goes to the beach for a walk knowing Robbie would be there and apologizes to him . Robbie tells her that he dumped Lindsay and he admits that he still likes her . </P> <P> In the end Georgia 's mother takes her to a club for the first time and it turns out to be a surprise fifteenth birthday party , which Jas had secretly organized with Georgia 's mother.It is at a newer club , outnumbering Lindsays party . She is greeted by all her friends and her family , with Jas and Georgia befriending each other again . As a surprise , Georgia 's father returns from New Zealand , deciding to stay in Eastbourne for a better job opportunity . It is also revealed that Jem is gay , and that his boyfriend is the owner of the nightclub . The Stiff Dylans are performing the song `` Ultraviolet '' which Robbie had written about Georgia , when they are interrupted by Lindsay who had come from her own party ( to which no - one had turned up ) and tells Robbie that he would either have to take her back or lose her forever . He tells her that Georgia is the one he wants , and he kisses Georgia on - stage . Jas then stuffs her hands into Lindsay 's breasts and pulls out her breast pads . She tosses them into the crowd , and furiously , Lindsay storms off the stage . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Georgia Groome as Georgia Nicolson : The main character , a 14 - year - old girl who falls in love with Robbie and tries to get him to be her boyfriend throughout the film . </Li> <Li> Aaron Johnson as Robbie Jennings : Georgia 's love interest , he is in a band called The Stiff Dylans , and is initially Lindsay 's boyfriend at the beginning . </Li> <Li> Karen Taylor as Connie Nicolson : Georgia 's mum , she is ' old - fashioned ' , and scares Georgia as it seems she gets very close to Jem , but also attempts to maintains a close relationship with her daughter . </Li> <Li> Alan Davies as Bob Nicolson : Georgia 's loving dad , who is a bit ' old - fashioned ' too , as he does not want Georgia to have a party in a club for her birthday . He travels to New Zealand for work which upsets Georgia and her family . </Li> <Li> Eleanor Tomlinson as Jas : Georgia 's best friend , very girlish in understanding , and wants to get a boyfriend just as much as Georgia does . She worries about her lack of ample cleavage . She starts to date Tom , Robbie 's fraternal twin brother . </Li> <Li> Manjeeven Grewal as Ellen : Georgia 's friend , in ' The Ace gang ' along with Georgia , Jas and Rosie . She is the vulnerable one of the group . In the end , she is introduced properly to Dave by Georgia , and they dance together and kiss . </Li> <Li> Georgia Henshaw as Rosie : Georgia 's friend , fourth member of ' The Ace gang ' . She is the experienced one of the group because she already has a boyfriend called Sven . </Li> <Li> Kimberley Nixon as Lindsay ( Slaggy Lindsay ) : Georgia 's rival , is the main antagonist of the film . She is slim and very good looking but she is a complete bully to Georgia . She is seen as ' the slag of the century ' . </Li> <Li> Sean Bourke as Tom Jennings : Robbie 's brother , later Jas ' boyfriend . </Li> <Li> Tommy Bastow as Dave `` The Laugh '' : Georgia uses Dave to make Robbie jealous , which makes him feel very hurt . Dave is one of Robbie 's best friends . He had feelings for Georgia until the party . He then dances with Ellen and they share a kiss . </Li> <Li> Liam Hess as Peter Dyer ( Saliva Boy ) : He likes Georgia a lot , though the feeling is not mutual . He gives girls lessons on how to snog , charging five ' quid ' for a session . </Li> <Li> Matt Brinkler as Sven : Rosie 's crazy boyfriend , an exchange student from Sweden . </Li> <Li> Eva Drew as Libby Nicolson : Georgia 's eccentric 6 - year - old sister . Likes to dress up her cat Angus . </Li> <Li> Steve Jones as Jem : He remodels / decorates a room in Georgia 's house and Georgia thinks her mother is falling for him . </Li> <Li> Stiff Dylans as themselves ( with the extension of Robbie ) . </Li> <Li> Ray Shirley as Woman with the Poodle </Li> <Li> Benny & Jimmy as Angus : The cat of titular distinction . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Chadha was originally brought into the project as a scriptwriter : </P> <P> When the project came to me , the studio , Paramount , had had it for five years and even though they 're British books they had these two American guys adapt the book and they could n't get it to work . I read the script and thought how weird , this is a sort of LA male 's version of an English girl 's childhood and then I read the books and I thought wow , there is something here that relates to me growing up that I had n't seen in the script . I thought this could be a British genre film or be like Clueless or Mean Girls in England and I liked the idea of doing a British version of those films . Then it clicked that it should be like Sixteen Candles . </P> <P> Most of the scenes were filmed on location in Brighton and Eastbourne . Others , such as the gig scene and some interiors and exteriors for Georgia 's house , were filmed in and around Ealing Studios , London . Areas in nearby west London like Bishopshalt school in Hillingdon and the Liquid nightclub in Uxbridge were used as well . Other sites include locations in Teddington and Twickenham . Costumes included green blazers and kilts borrowed from St. Bede 's Prep School in Eastbourne , and props included Eastbourne 's signature blue bins to add to the effect and continuity when filming in multiple locations . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was the first movie produced by Nickelodeon Movies to receive a PG - 13 rating . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film received positive reviews . Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 71 % based on reviews from 24 critics . The site 's consensus states : `` Based on two of British writer Louise Rennison 's popular books , Angus , Thongs and Perfect Snogging is a pleasant and funny tween comedy , comfortable for UK audiences as well as stateside crowds . '' </P> <P> Critics noted the strong central performance of Georgia Groome , who was praised for her `` super-engaging '' and `` endearingly natural '' performance . </P> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film has earned $14,924,919 , which includes $10,627,381 ( £ 6.6 million ) from the UK alone . The film was in the top 40 in the

The actress who played Georgia in the movie "Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging" is

Georgia out of angus thongs and perfect snogging?

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( If Loving You is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right - wikipedia <H1> ( If Loving You is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the TV series , see If Loving You Is Wrong . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Luther Ingram </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album If Loving You Is Wrong I Do n't Want to Be Right </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Puttin ' Game Down '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 1972 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> KoKo Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Homer Banks , Carl Hampton , Raymond Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Baylor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Luther Ingram singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You Were Made For Me '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` I 'll Be Your Shelter ( In Time of Storm ) '' ( 1972 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You Were Made For Me '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` I 'll Be Your Shelter ( In Time of Storm ) '' ( 1972 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by Millie Jackson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Caught Up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Homer Banks , Carl Hampton , Raymond Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Brad Shapiro </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Barbara Mandrell </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Moods </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` I Feel the Hurt Coming On '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 17 , 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> ABC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Homer Banks , Carl Hampton , Raymond Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tom Collins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Barbara Mandrell singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Sleeping Single in a Double Bed '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` Fooled by a Feeling '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Sleeping Single in a Double Bed '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` Fooled by a Feeling '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right '' is a song written by Stax Records songwriters Homer Banks , Carl Hampton and Raymond Jackson . Originally written for The Emotions , it has been performed by many singers , most notably by Luther Ingram , whose original recorded version topped the R&B chart for four weeks and rose to number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1972 . Billboard ranked it as the No. 16 song for 1972 . </P> <P> In 1972 / 73 , The Faces recorded the song as an outtake for Ooh La La , their final studio album . In 1974 , Millie Jackson released her version of the song which received two Grammy Award nominations , . In 1978 , Barbara Mandrell 's version topped the U.S. country singles charts , reached number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 , number 27 on Cashbox Pop Hits , and was nominated for Single of the Year at the 1979 CMA ( Country Music Association ) Awards . Rod Stewart re-recorded the song for Foot Loose & Fancy Free , his eighth album ; released as a single it peaked at # 23 in the UK singles chart in 1980 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The song </Li> <Li> 2 Notable performers <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Chart recordings <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Luther Ingram </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Jackie Burns </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Millie Jackson </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Barbara Mandrell </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 Rhonda Clark </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The song ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is about an adulterous love affair , told from the point of view of either the mistress or the cheating spouse , depending on the gender of the performer . Regardless , both parties involved express their desire to maintain the affair , while at the same time acknowledging that the relationship is wrong according to conventional moral standards . </P> <P> Millie Jackson , however , took a somewhat different approach . On both studio and live recordings , her version is typically divided into three parts : `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right , '' `` The Rap , '' and `` ( If Loving You Is Wrong ) I Do n't Want to Be Right ( Reprise ) , '' which together have a running time of over 11 minutes . The first and third parts include the song more or less as originally written , while the second part was written by Jackson herself . Titled `` The Rap , '' the middle segment is a monologue in which an unrepentant Jackson discusses her status as the `` other woman '' and why she loves it . </P> <H2> Notable performers ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although it was first recorded by The Emotions and Veda Brown , those recordings were never released . Other notable singers to cover it include country singer Jackie Burns ( whose version made the Hot Country Songs chart in 1972 ) , Isaac Hayes , Millie Jackson , Rod Stewart , Percy Sledge , Bobby `` Blue '' Bland , David Ruffin , LeAnn Rimes , Renée Geyer , Ramsey Lewis , reggae singer Alton Ellis , Tom Jones , Cassandra Wilson , Nathan Cavaleri , Rania Zeriri and Johanne Desforges ( French cover : Si je ne peux t'aimer a quoi bon exister ) . </P> <H3> Chart recordings ( edit ) </H3> Luther Ingram ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1972 ) </Th> <Th> Peak Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Jackie Burns ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1972 ) </Th> <Th> Peak Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Country Singles </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Millie Jackson ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1975 ) </Th> <Th> Peak Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Barbara Mandrell ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1979 ) </Th> <Th> Peak Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Rhonda Clark ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Peak Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` If Loving You Is Wrong ( I Do n't Want to Be Right ) '' , SecondhandSongs.com . Retrieved 13 March 2017 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 274 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard Year - End Hot 100 singles of 1972 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Millie Jackson '' . MTV Artists . Retrieved 16 April 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Patrick Mondout . `` Super 70s.com - Grammy Awards for 1974 '' . Retrieved 2008 - 12 - 31 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Amazon.com : MILLIE JACKSON : Caught Up / Still Caught Up : Music '' . Retrieved 16 April 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Catching Up with Soul Icon Millie Jackson '' . NPR.org. 19 May 2006 . Retrieved 16 April 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Joel Whitburn , Top Country Singles 1944 - 1993 , p. 488 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Luther Ingram Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Luther Ingram Chart History ( Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Millie Jackson Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Millie Jackson Chart History ( Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Barbara Mandrell Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Barbara Mandrell Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 1993 ) . Top Adult Contemporary : 1961 -- 1993 . Record Research . p. 148 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Rhonda Clark Chart History ( Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Video : Luther Ingram on YouTube </Li> <Li> Video : Millie Jackson live performance on YouTube </Li> <Li> Lyrics : Millie Jackson version from MTV.com </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Outa - Space '' by Billy Preston </Td> <Td> Billboard Best Selling Soul Singles number - one single ( Luther Ingram version ) July 8 -- 29 , 1972 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Where Is the Love '' by Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` I Just Fall in Love Again '' by Anne Murray </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles number - one single ( Barbara Mandrell version ) April 14 , 1979 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` All I Ever Need Is You '' by Dottie West and Kenny Rogers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Sweet Memories '' by Willie Nelson </Td> <Td> RPM Country Tracks number - one single ( Barbara Mandrell version ) April 28 , 1979 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Where Do I Put Her Memory '' by Charley Pride </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Millie Jackson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Millie Jackson </Li> <Li>

The song "If Loving You Is Wrong I Don't Want to Be Right" was sung by

Who sang the song if loving you is wrong i don't want to be right?

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assistant referee ( VAR ) technology was available , although it was not used . </P> <P> Kelechi Iheanacho of Leicester City became the first player to score a goal awarded by a video assistant referee ( VAR ) in competitive English football as Leicester beat Fleetwood Town 2 -- 0 in the FA Cup third - round replay on 16 January 2018 . Referee Jon Moss initially disallowed the goal for offside but he consulted with video official Mike Jones , who told him Nathan Pond 's trailing foot was keeping Iheanacho onside . The goal was awarded 67 seconds after it hit the back of the net . </P> <P> Craig Pawson became the first referee in English football to watch a video recording at the sideline in the fourth round tie between Liverpool and West Bromwich Albion on 27 January 2018 . After delaying the match for nearly three minutes he awarded a penalty to Liverpool . </P> <P> Premier League side Arsenal were the defending champions , but they were eliminated by Nottingham Forest in the third round on 7 January 2018 . It was the earliest exit by the title holders since 2011 -- 12 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Teams </Li> <Li> 2 Prize Money </Li> <Li> 3 Round and draw dates </Li> <Li> 4 Qualifying rounds </Li> <Li> 5 First Round Proper </Li> <Li> 6 Second Round Proper </Li> <Li> 7 Third Round Proper </Li> <Li> 8 Fourth Round Proper </Li> <Li> 9 Fifth Round Proper </Li> <Li> 10 Quarter - finals </Li> <Li> 11 Semi-finals </Li> <Li> 12 Final </Li> <Li> 13 Top goalscorers </Li> <Li> 14 Television rights </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Teams ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Round </Th> <Th> Clubs remaining </Th> <Th> Clubs involved </Th> <Th> Winners from previous round </Th> <Th> New entries this round </Th> <Th> Leagues entering at this round </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Round Proper </Td> <Td> 124 </Td> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> EFL League One EFL League Two </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Round Proper </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Third Round Proper </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Premier League EFL Championship </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fourth Round Proper </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fifth Round Proper </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarter - finals </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Semi-finals </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Final </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Prize money ( edit ) </H2> <P> Clubs will receive prize money dependent of the results in the competition . The teams reaching each of the following rounds will receive the prize fund per club . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Round </Th> <Th> No. of Clubs receive fund </Th> <Th> Prize fund per club </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Extra Preliminary Round winners </Td> <Td> 185 </Td> <Td> £ 1,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preliminary Round winners </Td> <Td> 160 </Td> <Td> £ 1,925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Round Qualifying winners </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> £ 3,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Round Qualifying winners </Td> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> £ 4,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Third Round Qualifying winners </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> £ 7,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fourth Round Qualifying winners </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> £ 12,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Round Proper winners </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> £ 18,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Round Proper winners </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> £ 27,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Third Round Proper winners </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> £ 67,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fourth Round Proper winners </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> £ 90,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fifth Round Proper winners </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> £ 180,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarter - final winners </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> £ 360,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Semi-final losers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> £ 450,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Semi-final winners </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> £ 900,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Final runners - up </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> £ 900,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Final winner </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> £ 1,800,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Total </Td> <Td> £ 15,133,500 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Round and draw dates ( edit ) </H2> <P> The schedule follows </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Phase </Th> <Th> Round </Th> <Th> Draw date </Th> <Th> First match date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Qualifying rounds </Td> <Td> Extra Preliminary Round </Td> <Td> 7 July 2017 </Td> <Td> 5 August 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preliminary Round </Td> <Td> 19 August 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Round Qualifying </Td> <Td> 21 August 2017 </Td> <Td> 2 September 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Round Qualifying </Td> <Td> 4 September 2017 </Td> <Td> 16 September 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Third Round Qualifying </Td> <Td> 18 September 2017 </Td> <Td> 30 September 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fourth Round Qualifying </Td> <Td> 2 October 2017 </Td> <Td> 14 October 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Main tournament </Td> <Td> First Round Proper </Td> <Td> 16 October 2017 </Td> <Td> 3 November 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Round Proper </Td> <Td> 6 November 2017 </Td> <Td> 1 December 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Third Round Proper </Td> <Td> 4 December 2017 </Td> <Td> 5 January 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fourth Round Proper </Td> <Td> 8 January 2018 </Td> <Td> 26 January 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fifth Round Proper </Td> <Td> 29 January 2018 </Td> <Td> 16 February 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarter - finals </Td> <Td> 17 February 2018 </Td> <Td> 17 March 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Semi-finals </Td> <Td> 18 March 2018 </Td> <Td> 21 April 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Final </Td> <Td> 19 May 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Qualifying rounds ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 2017 -- 18 FA Cup qualifying rounds <P> All of the competing teams that are not members of either the Premier League or English Football League had to compete in the qualifying rounds to secure one of 32 available places in the First Round Proper . The qualifying competition began with the Extra Preliminary Round on 5 August 2017 . The final ( fourth ) qualifying round was played over the weekend of 14 October 2017 . </P> <H2> First round Proper ( edit ) </H2> <P> The First Round draw took place on 16 October and was broadcast live on BBC Two and BT Sport . All 40 First Round Proper ties were played on the weekend of 4 November . 32 teams from the qualifying competition joined the 48 teams from League One and League Two to compete in this round . The round included two teams from Level 8 , Heybridge Swifts and Hyde United , who were the lowest - ranked teams still in the competition . </P> Port Vale ( 4 ) v Oxford United ( 3 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 3 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Port Vale ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Oxford United ( 3 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Burslem , Stoke - on - Trent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 : 45 GMT </Td> <Td> Gunning 16 ' Pope 53 ' </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stadium : Vale Park Attendance : 3,443 Referee : Mark Heywood </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Notts County ( 4 ) v Bristol Rovers ( 3 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 3 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Notts County ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Bristol Rovers ( 3 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Nottingham </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 : 45 GMT </Td> <Td> Yates 30 ' , 31 ' Stead 58 ' Grant 90 + 6 ' </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> Sercombe 8 ' Sinclair 12 ' </Td> <Td> Stadium : Meadow Lane Attendance : 4,228 Referee : Graham Salisbury </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Hyde United ( 8 ) v Milton Keynes Dons ( 3 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 3 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Hyde United ( 8 ) </Td> <Td> 0 -- 4 </Td> <Td> Milton Keynes Dons ( 3 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Hyde </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 : 55 GMT </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> Nesbitt 14 ' Aneke 45 + 3 ' Ebanks - Landell 67 ' Upson 73 ' </Td> <Td> Stadium : Ewen Fields Attendance : 3,123 Referee : David Webb </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Shaw Lane ( 7 ) v Mansfield Town ( 4 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 4 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Shaw Lane ( 7 ) </Td> <Td> 1 -- 3 </Td> <Td> Mansfield Town ( 4 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Barnsley </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 : 30 GMT </Td> <Td> Bennett 41 ' </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> Pearce 34 ' Rose 73 ' , 78 ' </Td> <Td> Stadium : Sheerien Park Referee : Ben Toner </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Stevenage ( 4 ) v Nantwich Town ( 7 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 4 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Stevenage ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 5 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Nantwich Town ( 7 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Stevenage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 : 00 GMT </Td> <Td> Godden 16 ' , 76 ' , 88 ' Smith 68 ' , 73 ' </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stadium : Broadhall Way Attendance : 1,436 Referee : Michael Salisbury </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Bradford City ( 3 ) v Chesterfield ( 4 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 4 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Bradford City ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Chesterfield ( 4 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Bradford </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 : 00 GMT </Td> <Td> Gilliead 4 ' Jones 44 ' </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stadium : Valley Parade Attendance : 4,747 Referee : Anthony Backhouse </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Morecambe ( 4 ) v Hartlepool United ( 5 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 4 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Morecambe ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Hartlepool United ( 5 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Morecambe </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 : 00 GMT </Td> <Td> Ellison 4 ' Fleming 67 ' Loach 85 ' ( o.g. ) </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stadium : Globe Arena Attendance : 2,004 Referee : Tom Nield </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Yeovil Town ( 4 ) v Southend United ( 3 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 4 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Yeovil Town ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Southend United ( 3 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Yeovil </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 : 00 GMT </Td> <Td> Khan 29 ' ( pen . ) </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Stadium : Huish Park Attendance : 2,079 Referee : Craig Hicks </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Peterborough United ( 3 ) v Tranmere Rovers ( 5 ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> 4 November 2017 </Td> <Td> Peterborough United ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Tranmere Rovers ( 5 ) </Td> <Th> ( show ) Peterborough </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 : 00 GMT </Td> <Td> Marriott 52 ' </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> Cook 72 ' </Td> <Td> Stadium : London Road Attendance : 3,750 Referee : Charles Breakspear </Td> <Td> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Tranmere Rovers (

The 5th round of the FA Cup is played in

When is the 5th round fa cup played?

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Tower of London - wikipedia <H1> Tower of London </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Tower of London ( disambiguation ) . <P> Coordinates : 51 ° 30 ′ 29 '' N 00 ° 04 ′ 34 '' W  /  51.50806 ° N 0.07611 ° W  / 51.50806 ; - 0.07611 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tower of London </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Tower of London , seen from the River Thames , with a view of the water-gate called `` Traitors ' Gate '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> London Borough of Tower Hamlets London , EC3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> Castle : 12 acres ( 4.9 ha ) Tower Liberties : 6 acres ( 2.4 ha ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height </Th> <Td> 27 metres ( 89 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Built </Th> <Td> White Tower : 1078 Inner Ward : 1190s Re-built : 1285 Wharf expansion : 1377 -- 1399 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Visitors </Th> <Td> 2,843,031 ( in 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Queen Elizabeth II in right of the Crown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> UNESCO World Heritage Site </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Cultural </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criteria </Th> <Td> ii , iv </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> 1988 ( 12th session ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference no . </Th> <Td> 488 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Td> Europe and North America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Listed Building -- Grade I </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Listed Building -- Grade II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of the castle in central London </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Tower of London , officially Her Majesty 's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London , is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London . It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets , separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill . It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England . The White Tower , which gives the entire castle its name , was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression , inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite . The castle was used as a prison from 1100 ( Ranulf Flambard ) until 1952 ( Kray twins ) , although that was not its primary purpose . A grand palace early in its history , it served as a royal residence . As a whole , the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat . There were several phases of expansion , mainly under Kings Richard I , Henry III , and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries . The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site . </P> <P> The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history . It was besieged several times , and controlling it has been important to controlling the country . The Tower has served variously as an armoury , a treasury , a menagerie , the home of the Royal Mint , a public record office , and the home of the Crown Jewels of England . From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II , a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch . In the absence of the monarch , the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle . This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period . In the late 15th century , the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower . Under the Tudors , the Tower became used less as a royal residence , and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle , its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery . </P> <P> The peak period of the castle 's use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries , when many figures who had fallen into disgrace , such as Elizabeth I before she became queen , Sir Walter Raleigh , and Elizabeth Throckmorton , were held within its walls . This use has led to the phrase `` sent to the Tower '' . Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death , popularised by 16th - century religious propagandists and 19th - century writers , only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century . Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle , with 112 occurring there over a 400 - year period . In the latter half of the 19th century , institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of the castle to other locations , leaving many buildings empty . Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance , clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures . In the First and Second World Wars , the Tower was again used as a prison and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage . After the Second World War , damage caused during the Blitz was repaired , and the castle reopened to the public . Today , the Tower of London is one of the country 's most popular tourist attractions . Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower , it is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Architecture <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Layout </Li> <Li> 1.2 White Tower </Li> <Li> 1.3 Innermost ward </Li> <Li> 1.4 Inner Ward </Li> <Li> 1.5 Outer Ward </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Foundation and early history </Li> <Li> 3 Expansion </Li> <Li> 4 Later Medieval Period </Li> <Li> 5 Changing use </Li> <Li> 6 Restoration and tourism </Li> <Li> 7 Crown Jewels </Li> <Li> 8 Royal Menagerie </Li> <Li> 9 Ghosts </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Architecture ( edit ) </H2> Audio description of the Tower of London by Mike Gatting <H3> Layout ( edit ) </H3> Plan of the Tower of London <P> The Tower was orientated with its strongest and most impressive defences overlooking Saxon London , which archaeologist Alan Vince suggests was deliberate . It would have visually dominated the surrounding area and stood out to traffic on the River Thames . The castle is made up of three `` wards '' , or enclosures . The innermost ward contains the White Tower and is the earliest phase of the castle . Encircling it to the north , east , and west is the inner ward , built during the reign of Richard I ( 1189 -- 1199 ) . Finally , there is the outer ward which encompasses the castle and was built under Edward I . Although there were several phases of expansion after William the Conqueror founded the Tower of London , the general layout has remained the same since Edward I completed his rebuild in 1285 . The castle encloses an area of almost 12 acres ( 4.9 hectares ) with a further 6 acres ( 2.4 ha ) around the Tower of London constituting the Tower Liberties -- land under the direct influence of the castle and cleared for military reasons . The precursor of the Liberties was laid out in the 13th century when Henry III ordered that a strip of land adjacent to the castle be kept clear . Despite popular fiction , the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber , although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods . Tower Wharf was built on the bank of the Thames under Edward I and was expanded to its current size during the reign of Richard II ( 1377 -- 1399 ) . </P> <H3> White Tower ( edit ) </H3> Main article : White Tower ( Tower of London ) <P> The White Tower is a keep ( also known as a donjon ) , which was often the strongest structure in a medieval castle , and contained lodgings suitable for the lord -- in this case , the king or his representative . According to military historian Allen Brown , `` The great tower ( White Tower ) was also , by virtue of its strength , majesty and lordly accommodation , the donjon par excellence '' . As one of the largest keeps in the Christian world , the White Tower has been described as `` the most complete eleventh - century palace in Europe '' . </P> The original entrance to the White Tower was at first - floor level <P> The White Tower , not including its projecting corner towers , measures 36 by 32 metres ( 118 by 105 ft ) at the base , and is 27 m ( 90 ft ) high at the southern battlements . The structure was originally three storeys high , comprising a basement floor , an entrance level , and an upper floor . The entrance , as is usual in Norman keeps , was above ground , in this case on the south face , and accessed via a wooden staircase which could be removed in the event of an attack . It was probably during Henry II 's reign ( 1154 -- 1189 ) that a forebuilding was added to the south side of the tower to provide extra defences to the entrance , but it has not survived . Each floor was divided into three chambers , the largest in the west , a smaller room in the north - east , and the chapel taking up the entrance and upper floors of the south - east . At the western corners of the building are square towers , while to the north - east a round tower houses a spiral staircase . At the south - east corner there is a larger semi-circular projection which accommodates the apse of the chapel . As the building was intended to be a comfortable residence as well as a stronghold , latrines were built into the walls , and four fireplaces provided warmth . </P> <P> The main building material is Kentish rag - stone , although some local mudstone was also used . Caen stone was imported from northern France to provide details in the Tower 's facing , although little of the original material survives as it was replaced with Portland stone in the 17th and 18th centuries . As most of the Tower 's windows were enlarged in the 18th century , only two original -- albeit restored -- examples remain , in the south wall at the gallery level . </P> <P> The tower was terraced into the side of a mound , so the northern side of the basement is partially below ground level . As was typical of most keeps , the bottom floor was an undercroft used for storage . One of the rooms contained a well . Although the layout has remained the same since the tower 's construction , the interior of the basement dates mostly from the 18th century when the floor was lowered and the pre-existing timber vaults were replaced with brick counterparts . The basement is lit through small slits . </P> St John 's Chapel , inside the White Tower <P> The entrance floor was probably intended

The Tower of London was built in 1066 by

Who built the tower of london in 1066?

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Seat belt legislation in Canada - wikipedia <H1> Seat belt legislation in Canada </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Seat belt legislation in Canada is left to the provinces . All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws , which allow a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if s / he observes a violation . Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts , a law that came into effect on January 1 , 1976 . </P> <H2> The laws by province ( edit ) </H2> <P> This table contains a brief summary of all seatbelt laws in Canada . This list includes only seatbelt laws , which often do not themselves apply to children ; however , all provinces and territories have separate child restraint laws . A subsequent offense may be much higher . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Province / Territory </Th> <Th> Date of inception </Th> <Th> Who is covered </Th> <Th> Base fine before fees </Th> <Th> Demerit points assigned </Th> <Th> Usage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alberta </Td> <Td> 000000001987 - 07 - 01 - 0000 July 1 , 1987 </Td> <Td> Anyone in driver 's seat or passenger seat </Td> <Td> $115 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 92.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> British Columbia </Td> <Td> 000000001977 - 10 - 01 - 0000 October 1 , 1977 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $167 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 96.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manitoba </Td> <Td> 000000001984 - 04 - 01 - 0000 April 1 , 1984 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $299.65 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 93.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Brunswick </Td> <Td> 000000001983 - 11 - 01 - 0000 November 1 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $172.50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 94.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Newfoundland and Labrador </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 07 - 01 - 0000 July 1 , 1982 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $115 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 93.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northwest Territories </Td> <Td> 000000001988 - 07 - 01 - 0000 July 1 , 1988 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $115 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 84.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nova Scotia </Td> <Td> 000000001985 - 01 - 01 - 0000 January 1 , 1985 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $157.50 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 90.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ontario </Td> <Td> 000000001976 - 01 - 01 - 0000 January 1 , 1976 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $240 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 96.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prince Edward Island </Td> <Td> 000000001987 - 07 - 01 - 0000 July 1 , 1987 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $110 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 89.7 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quebec </Td> <Td> 000000001976 - 08 - 15 - 0000 August 15 , 1976 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $115 -- 154 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 96.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saskatchewan </Td> <Td> 000000001977 - 07 - 01 - 0000 July 1 , 1977 </Td> <Td> Age 16 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $165 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 96.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yukon </Td> <Td> 000000001991 - 07 - 01 - 0000 July 1 , 1991 </Td> <Td> Age 15 + in all seats </Td> <Td> $75 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 78.1 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Seat belt legislation </Li> <Li> Seat belt legislation in the United States </Li> <Li> Seat belt use rates by country </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seatbelts Saving Lives In Ontario For 35 Years '' . News.ontario.ca . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 13 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators Standing Committee on Road Safety Research and Policies : Annual Monitoring Report 2010 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Transport Canada : Statistics and Data '' . Tc.gc.ca. 2011 - 07 - 18 . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 13 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Results of Transport Canada 's Rural and Urban Surveys of Seat Belt Use in Canada 2009 - 2010 '' . Tc.gc.ca. 2011 - 01 - 26 . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 13 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Vehicle Equipment Regulation , Alberta Regulation 122 / 2009 </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seat_belt_legislation_in_Canada&oldid=787553935 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Car safety </Li> <Li> Vehicle law </Li> <Li> Seat belts </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 26 June 2017 , at 01 : 31 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

Seat belts became law in Ontario on

When did seat belts become law in ontario?

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Anaerobic respiration - wikipedia <H1> Anaerobic respiration </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen ( O ) . Although oxygen is not used as the final electron acceptor , the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain called physolmere ; it is respiration without oxygen . </P> <P> In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration , electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain , and the final electron acceptor is oxygen . Molecular oxygen is a highly oxidizing agent and , therefore , is an excellent electron acceptor . In anaerobes , other less - oxidizing substances such as sulfate ( SO ) , nitrate ( NO ) , sulphur ( S ) , or fumarate are used . These terminal electron acceptors have smaller reduction potentials than O , meaning that less energy is released per oxidized molecule . Therefore , generally speaking , anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Anaerobic respiration as compared with fermentation </Li> <Li> 2 Ecological importance </Li> <Li> 3 Economic relevance </Li> <Li> 4 Examples of respiration </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Anaerobic respiration as compared with fermentation ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are two important microbial methane formation pathways , through carbonate reduction ( respiration ) , and acetate fermentation . </P> <P> Cellular respiration ( both aerobic and anaerobic ) utilizes highly reduced chemical compounds such as NADH and FADH2 ( for example produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle ) to establish an electrochemical gradient ( often a proton gradient ) across a membrane , resulting in an electrical potential or ion concentration difference across the membrane . The reduced chemical compounds are oxidized by a series of respiratory integral membrane proteins with sequentially increasing reduction potentials with the final electron acceptor being oxygen ( in aerobic respiration ) or another chemical substance ( in anaerobic respiration ) . A proton motive force drives protons down the gradient ( across the membrane ) through the proton channel of ATP synthase . The resulting current drives ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate . </P> <P> Fermentation , in contrast , does not utilize an electrochemical gradient . Fermentation instead only uses substrate - level phosphorylation to produce ATP . The electron acceptor NAD+ is regenerated from NADH formed in oxidative steps of the fermentation pathway by the reduction of oxidized compounds . These oxidized compounds are often formed during the fermentation pathway itself , but may also be external . For example , in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria , NADH formed during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate is oxidized back to NAD+ by the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid at a later stage in the pathway . In yeast , acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol to regenerate NAD+ . The two processes thus generate ATP in very different ways , and the terms should not be treated as synonyms . </P> <H2> Ecological importance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Anaerobic respiration is a critical component of the global nitrogen , iron , sulfur , and carbon cycles through the reduction of the oxyanions of nitrogen , sulfur , and carbon to more - reduced compounds . The biogeochemical cycling of these compounds , which depends upon anaerobic respiration , significantly impacts the carbon cycle and global warming . Anaerobic respiration occurs in many environments , including freshwater and marine sediments , soil , subsurface aquifers , deep subsurface environments , and biofilms . Even environments , such as soil , that contain oxygen also have micro-environments that lack oxygen due to the slow diffusion characteristics of oxygen gas . </P> <P> An example of the ecological importance of anaerobic respiration is the use of nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor , or dissimilatory denitrification , which is the main route by which fixed nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere as molecular nitrogen gas . Another example is methanogenesis , a form of carbonate respiration , that is used to produce methane gas by anaerobic digestion . Biogenic methane is used as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels . On the negative side , uncontrolled methanogenesis in landfill sites releases large volumes of methane into the atmosphere , where it acts as a powerful greenhouse gas . Sulfate respiration produces hydrogen sulfide , which is responsible for the characteristic ' rotten egg ' smell of coast wetlands and has the capacity to precipitate heavy metal ions from solution , leading to the deposition of sulfidic metal ores . </P> <H2> Economic relevance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dissimilatory denitrification is widely used in the removal of nitrate and nitrite from municipal wastewater . An excess of nitrate can lead to eutrophication of waterways into which treated water is released . Elevated nitrite levels in drinking water can lead to problems due to its toxicity . Denitrification converts both compounds into harmless nitrogen gas . </P> <P> Specific types of anaerobic respiration are also critical in bioremediation , which uses microorganisms to convert toxic chemicals into less - harmful molecules to clean up contaminated beaches , aquifers , lakes , and oceans . For example , toxic arsenate or selenate can be reduced to less toxic compounds by various anaerobic bacteria via anaerobic respiration . The reduction of chlorinated chemical pollutants , such as vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride , also occurs through anaerobic respiration . </P> <P> Anaerobic respiration is useful in generating electricity in microbial fuel cell s , which employ bacteria that respire solid electron acceptors ( such as oxidized iron ) to transfer electrons from reduced compounds to an electrode . This process can simultaneously degrade organic carbon waste and generate electricity . </P> <H2> Examples of respiration ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Th> Lifestyle </Th> <Th> Electron acceptor </Th> <Th> Products </Th> <Th> E ( V ) </Th> <Th> Example organisms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> aerobic respiration </Td> <Td> obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes </Td> <Td> O </Td> <Td> H O </Td> <Td> + 0.82 </Td> <Td> eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> iron reduction </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> Fe ( III ) </Td> <Td> Fe ( II ) </Td> <Td> + 0.75 </Td> <Td> Organisms within the order Desulfuromonadales ( such as Geobacter , Geothermobacter , Geopsychrobacter , Pelobacter ) and Shewanella species </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> manganese </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> Mn ( IV ) </Td> <Td> Mn ( II ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Desulfuromonadales and Shewanella species </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cobalt reduction </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> Co ( III ) </Td> <Td> Co ( II ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Geobacter sulfurreducens </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> uranium reduction </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> U ( VI ) </Td> <Td> U ( IV ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Geobacter metallireducens , Shewanella oneidensis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> nitrate reduction ( denitrification ) </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes </Td> <Td> nitrate NO </Td> <Td> nitrite NO </Td> <Td> + 0.40 </Td> <Td> Paracoccus denitrificans , Escherichia coli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> fumarate respiration </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes </Td> <Td> fumarate </Td> <Td> succinate </Td> <Td> + 0.03 </Td> <Td> Escherichia coli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sulfate respiration </Td> <Td> obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> sulfate SO </Td> <Td> sulfide HS </Td> <Td> - 0.22 </Td> <Td> Many Deltaproteobacteria species in the orders Desulfobacterales , Desulfovibrionales , and Syntrophobacterales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> methanogenesis ( carbonate reduction ) </Td> <Td> methanogens </Td> <Td> carbon dioxide CO </Td> <Td> methane CH </Td> <Td> - 0.25 </Td> <Td> Methanosarcina barkeri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> sulfur respiration ( sulfur reduction ) </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> sulfur S </Td> <Td> sulfide HS </Td> <Td> - 0.27 </Td> <Td> Desulfuromonadales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> acetogenesis ( carbonate reduction ) </Td> <Td> obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> carbon dioxide CO </Td> <Td> acetate </Td> <Td> - 0.30 </Td> <Td> Acetobacterium woodii </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> dehalorespiration </Td> <Td> facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes </Td> <Td> halogenated organic compounds R-X </Td> <Td> Halide ions and dehalogenated compound X + R-H </Td> <Td> + 0.25 -- + 0.60 </Td> <Td> Dehalococcoides and Dehalobacter species </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes </Li> <Li> Standard electrode potential ( data page ) </Li> <Li> Table of standard reduction potentials for half - reactions important in biochemistry </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Slonczewski , Joan L. ; Foster , John W. ( 2011 ) . Microbiology : An Evolving Science ( 2nd ed . ) . New York : W.W. Norton . p. 166 . ISBN 9780393934472 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sapart ; et al. ( 2017 ) . `` The origin of methane in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf unraveled with triple isotope analysis '' . Biogeosciences . doi : 10.5194 / bg - 14 - 2283 - 2017 . CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Simon , Jörg ; Klotz , Martin G. ( 2013 - 02 - 01 ) . `` Diversity and evolution of bioenergetic systems involved in microbial nitrogen compound transformations '' . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ( BBA ) - Bioenergetics . The evolutionary aspects of bioenergetic systems . 1827 ( 2 ) : 114 -- 135 . doi : 10.1016 / j. bbabio. 2012.07. 005 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bogner , Jean ; Pipatti , Riitta ; Hashimoto , Seiji ; Diaz , Cristobal ; Mareckova , Katarina ; Diaz , Luis ; Kjeldsen , Peter ; Monni , Suvi ; Faaij , Andre ( 2008 - 02 - 01 ) . `` Mitigation of global greenhouse gas emissions from waste : conclusions and strategies from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Fourth Assessment Report . Working Group III ( Mitigation ) '' . Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association , ISWA. 26 ( 1 ) : 11 -- 32 . doi : 10.1177 / 0734242x07088433 . ISSN 0734 - 242X . PMID 18338699 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pester , Michael ; Knorr , Klaus - Holger ; Friedrich , Michael W. ; Wagner , Michael ; Loy , Alexander ( 2012 - 01 - 01 ) . `` Sulfate - reducing microorganisms in wetlands - fameless actors in carbon cycling and climate change '' . Frontiers in Microbiology. 3 : 72 . doi : 10.3389 / fmicb. 2012.00072 . ISSN 1664 - 302X . PMC 3289269 . PMID 22403575 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nancharaiah , Y.V. ; Venkata Mohan , S. ; Lens , P.N.L. ( 2016 - 09 - 01 ) . `` Recent advances in nutrient removal and recovery in biological and bioelectrochemical systems '' . Bioresource Technology . 215 : 173 -- 185 . doi : 10.1016 / j. biortech. 2016.03. 129 . ISSN 1873 - 2976 . PMID 27053446 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Xu , Bojun ; Ge , Zheng ; He , Zhen ( 2015 - 05 - 15 ) . `` Sediment microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment : challenges and opportunities '' . Environ . Sci. : Water Res . Technol. 1 ( 3 ) : 279 -- 284 . doi : 10.1039 / c5ew00020c . ISSN 2053 - 1419 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Richter , Katrin ; Schicklberger , Marcus ; Gescher , Johannes ( 2012 - 02 - 01 ) . `` Dissimilatory reduction of extracellular electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration '' . Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78 ( 4 ) : 913 -- 921 . doi : 10.1128 / AEM. 06803 - 11 . ISSN 1098 - 5336 . PMC 3273014 . PMID 22179232 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Holliger , C. ; Wohlfarth ,

The role of anaerobic respiration in living things is

What is the role of anaerobic respiration in living things?

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Imagine Dragons - Wikipedia <H1> Imagine Dragons </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 27 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the band . For their self - titled EP , see Imagine Dragons ( EP ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Imagine Dragons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Imagine Dragons in 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Las Vegas , Nevada , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pop rock </Li> <Li> indie rock </Li> <Li> electropop </Li> <Li> alternative rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2008 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> KIDinaKORNER </Li> <Li> Interscope </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Moth & The Flame </Li> <Li> X Ambassadors </Li> <Li> Egyptian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> imaginedragonsmusic.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dan Reynolds </Li> <Li> Wayne Sermon </Li> <Li> Ben McKee </Li> <Li> Daniel Platzman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Tolman </Li> <Li> Brittany Tolman </Li> <Li> Theresa Flaminio </Li> <Li> Dave Lemke </Li> <Li> Andrew Beck </Li> <Li> Aurora Florence </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas , Nevada , consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds , lead guitarist Wayne Sermon , bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee , and drummer Daniel Platzman . The band first gained exposure with the release of single `` It 's Time '' , followed by their award - winning debut studio album Night Visions ( 2012 ) , which resulted in the chart topping singles `` Radioactive '' and `` Demons '' . Billboard placed them at the top of their `` Year In Rock '' rankings for 2013 and 2017 and named them their `` Breakthrough Band of 2013 '' . and `` Biggest Band of 2017 . '' Rolling Stone named their single `` Radioactive '' , which holds the record for most weeks on the Hot 100 , from Night Visions the `` biggest rock hit of the year '' , and MTV called them `` the year 's biggest breakout band '' . The band 's second studio album Smoke + Mirrors ( 2015 ) reached number one in the US , Canada and the UK . After a brief hiatus , the band released their third studio album , Evolve ( 2017 ) which resulted in the chart - topping singles , `` Believer '' and `` Thunder '' . While all three albums were commercially successful , critical reception was mixed . </P> <P> Imagine Dragons has won three American Music Awards , five Billboard Music Awards , one Grammy Award , and one World Music Award . In May 2014 , the band was nominated for fourteen Billboard Music Awards , including Top Artist of the Year and a Milestone Award , which recognizes innovation and creativity of artists across different genres . Imagine Dragons have sold 12 million albums and 35 million singles worldwide . In April 2018 , the band was nominated eleven more times for Billboard Music Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early years : 2008 -- 2011 </Li> <Li> 1.2 International success and Night Visions : 2012 -- 2014 </Li> <Li> 1.3 Smoke + Mirrors and hiatus : 2014 -- 2016 </Li> <Li> 1.4 Evolve : 2016 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Musical style and influences </Li> <Li> 3 Television appearances </Li> <Li> 4 Charitable contributions </Li> <Li> 5 Band members <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Discography </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Sales accolades </Li> <Li> 7.2 Streaming accolades </Li> <Li> 7.3 Radio accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Tours </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early years : 2008 -- 2011 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2008 , lead singer Dan Reynolds met drummer Andrew Tolman at Brigham Young University where they were both students . Reynolds and Tolman added Andrew Beck , Dave Lemke , and Aurora Florence to play guitar , bass , and piano respectively for their band . Their name is an anagram for a phrase only known to members of the group , that Reynolds stated each member approved of . The five - piece released an extended play titled Speak to Me that same year . Beck and Florence would also depart from the band 's lineup that year . In 2009 , Tolman recruited longtime high school friend Wayne Sermon , who had graduated from Berklee College of Music to play guitar . Tolman later recruited his wife , Brittany Tolman , to sing backup and play keys , and the band began to play shows together again . Lemke left the band later on , leading Sermon to recruit another Berklee music student , Ben McKee , to join the band as their bassist and complete the lineup . The band garnered a large following in their hometown of Provo , Utah , before the members moved to Las Vegas , the hometown of Dan Reynolds , where the band recorded and released their first three EPs . </P> <P> The band released EPs titled Imagine Dragons and Hell and Silence in 2010 , both recorded at Battle Born Studios , in Las Vegas . They returned to the studio in 2011 . The third EP , It 's Time , was made before they signed a record deal . </P> <P> They got their first big break when Train 's frontman Pat Monahan fell sick just prior to the Bite of Las Vegas Festival 2009 . Imagine Dragons were called to fill in and performed to a crowd of more than 26,000 people . Local accolades including `` Best CD of 2011 '' ( Vegas SEVEN ) , `` Best Local Indie Band 2010 '' ( Las Vegas Weekly ) , `` Las Vegas ' Newest Must See Live Act '' ( Las Vegas CityLife ) , Vegas Music Summit Headliner 2010 , and more sent the band on a positive trajectory . In November 2011 they signed with Interscope Records and began working with English Grammy winning producer Alex da Kid . Eventually the Tolmans would leave the group and Daniel Platzman would be recruited in August 2011 by invitation from Ben McKee , prior to the signing of the band 's label deal in November 2011 , alongside keyboardist Theresa Flaminio . </P> <H3> International success and Night Visions : 2012 -- 2014 ( edit ) </H3> <P> Theresa Flaminio departed from Imagine Dragons in early 2012 , leaving them as a four - piece . The band worked closely with Alex da Kid , with whom they recorded their first major label release at Westlake Recording Studios in West Hollywood , California . An EP entitled Continued Silence was released on Valentine 's Day ( February 14 , 2012 ) digitally and peaked at number 40 on the Billboard 200 . The band also released an EP titled Hear Me in 2012 . </P> <P> Shortly after , `` It 's Time '' was released as a single and peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The music video debuted on April 17 , 2012 on all MTV affiliates and was subsequently nominated for an MTV Video Music Award in the `` Best Rock Video '' category . `` It 's Time '' was certified a double platinum single by the RIAA . </P> <P> The band finished recording their debut album Night Visions in the summer of 2012 at Studio X inside Palms Casino Resort and released the album in the United States on the day after Labor Day ( September 4 , 2012 ) . It peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart with first week sales in excess of 83,000 copies , the highest charting for a debut rock album since 2006 . The album also reached No. 1 on the Billboard Alternative and Rock Album charts as well as the top ten on the Australian , Austrian , Canadian , Dutch , German , Irish , Norwegian , Portuguese , Scottish , Spanish , and United Kingdom Albums charts . It won a Billboard Music Award for Top Rock Album and was nominated for the Juno Award for International Album of the Year . Night Visions is certified platinum by the RIAA as well as in Australia , Austria , Brazil , Canada , Mexico , New Zealand , Poland , Portugal , Sweden , Switzerland , and the UK . The album produced three tracks that reached the Billboard Top 40 , four tracks in the ARIA Top 40 , and five tracks charting in the UK Top 40 . </P> The band embarked on the Night Visions Tour in 2013 . <P> The album 's second single `` Radioactive '' reached No. 1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs , Billboard Rock Songs , and Swedish singles chart and has sold more than seven million singles in the United States , smashing a record by spending 87 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Radioactive '' stayed at No. 1 on the Hot Rock Songs chart for a record - breaking 23 weeks and ultimately became the genre 's biggest hit of 2013 . It peaked at No. 3 , becoming their first top ten single in the United States and broke the record for the longest run into the top five . It is the best - selling rock song on the Nielsen SoundScan running list of best - selling rock songs in digital history . By the end of 2013 , `` Radioactive '' had already sold over 3 million copies . Rolling Stone called it `` the biggest rock hit of the year '' . It was also the most streamed song of 2013 on Spotify in the United States . It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards , winning the latter of the two . In 2015 , it was certified diamond by the RIAA for sales in excess of 10 million copies in the United States . Third single `` Demons '' reached No. 1 on the Billboard Pop Songs and No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and has sold more than 5 million copies in the United States to date . </P> <P> Billboard listed them as one of `` 2012 's Brightest New Stars '' and later `` The Breakout Band of 2013 '' . Imagine Dragons won the 2014 Billboard Music Awards for Top Duo / Group , Top Hot 100 Artist , and Top Rock Artist . Amazon.com called the band their `` Favorite Rock artist of 2012 '' . </P> <P> In 2013 , Imagine Dragons returned to Europe and North America with the Night Visions Tour . The band announced 13 additional US summer tour dates which also sold out . The band then announced a North America Amphitheatre tour . The band also confirmed that they were unable to fulfill the request of acting as support for Muse . Pollstar listed the band in their Top 20 Concert Tours list by average box office gross despite their average ticket price being the third lowest on the list . </P> <P> The band released a live album , Live at Independent Records , in April 2013 . </P> <H3> Smoke + Mirrors and hiatus : 2014 -- 2016 ( edit ) </H3> <P> At Lollapalooza in Sao Paulo , Brazil , the last date on the Into the Night Tour , the band announced a rest , and complemented saying , `` This is our last show for a while , and

The band Imagine Dragons originates from

Where does the band imagine dragons come from?

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Trachea - wikipedia <H1> Trachea </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the genus of moth , see Trachea ( moth ) . For the cup - shaped Byzantine coins , see Trachy ( currency ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Trachea </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Conducting passages . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artery </Th> <Td> tracheal branches of inferior thyroid artery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vein </Th> <Td> brachiocephalic vein , azygos vein accessory hemiazygos vein </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> Trachea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> A04. 889 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 7394 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The trachea , colloquially called the windpipe , is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs , allowing the passage of air , and so is present in almost all air - breathing animals with lungs . The trachea extends from the larynx and branches into the two primary bronchi . At the top of the trachea the cricoid cartilage attaches it to the larynx . This is the only complete tracheal ring , the others being incomplete rings of reinforcing cartilage . The trachealis muscle joins the ends of the rings and these are joined vertically by bands of fibrous connective tissue -- the annular ligaments of trachea . The epiglottis closes the opening to the larynx during swallowing . </P> <P> The trachea develops in the second month of development . It is lined with an epithelium that has goblet cells which produce protective mucins . An inflammatory condition , also involving the larynx and bronchi , called croup can result in a barking cough . A tracheotomy is often performed for ventilation in surgical operations where needed . Intubation is also carried out for the same reason by the inserting of a tube into the trachea . From 2008 , operations have experimentally transplanted a windpipe grown by stem cells , and synthetic windpipes ; their success is , however , doubtful . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Development </Li> <Li> 1.2 Histology </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Clinical significance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Inflammation </Li> <Li> 2.2 Intubation </Li> <Li> 2.3 Congenital disorders </Li> <Li> 2.4 Other </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Other animals <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Vertebrates </Li> <Li> 3.2 Invertebrates </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Prosthesis </Li> <Li> 5 Society and culture </Li> <Li> 6 Additional images </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The trachea of an adult has an inner diameter of about 1.5 to 2 centimetres ( 0.6 to 0.8 in ) and a length of about 10 to 11 centimetres ( 4 in . ) . It begins at the bottom of the larynx , and ends at the carina , the point where the trachea branches into left and right main bronchi . The trachea begins level with the sixth cervical vertebra and the carina is found at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra ( T5 ) , opposite the sternal angle and can be positioned up to two vertebrae lower or higher , depending on breathing . </P> <P> The trachea is surrounded by rings of hyaline cartilage ; these rings are incomplete and C - shaped . The cricoid cartilage is attached to the first tracheal ring at top of the trachea and acts as the bottom of the larynx . There are fifteen to twenty rings in total , separated by narrow intervals . These reinforce the front and sides of the trachea to protect and maintain the airway . </P> <P> In front of the rings lies connective tissue and skin . Several other structures pass or sit over it ; the jugular arch , which joins the two anterior jugular vein s , sits in front of the upper part of the trachea . The sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscle s stretch along its length , and the thyroid gland sits below this ; with the isthmus of the gland overlying the second to fourth rings . </P> <P> The first tracheal ring is broader than the rest , and often divided at one end ; it is connected by the cricotracheal ligament with the lower border of the cricoid cartilage , and is sometimes blended with the next cartilage down . The last cartilage is thick and broad in the middle , due to its lower border being prolonged into a triangular hook - shaped ( uncinate ) process , which curves downward and backward between the two bronchi . It ends on each side in an imperfect ring , which encloses the commencement of the bronchus . The cartilage above the last is somewhat broader than the others at its center . </P> <P> Two or more of the cartilages often unite , partially or completely , and they are sometimes bifurcated at their extremities . The rings are generally highly elastic but they may calcify with age . </P> <P> The trachealis muscle connects the ends of the incomplete rings and contracts during coughing , reducing the size of the lumen of the trachea to increase the rate of air flow . The esophagus lies posteriorly to the trachea , adjoining along the tracheoesophageal stripe . Circular horizontal bands of fibrous tissue called the annular ligaments of trachea join the tracheal rings together . The cartilaginous rings are incomplete to allow the trachea to collapse slightly so that food can pass down the esophagus . A flap - like epiglottis closes the opening to the larynx during swallowing to prevent swallowed matter from entering the trachea . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> The sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles lie on top of the upper part of the trachea </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The thyroid gland also lies on top of the trachea , and lies below the cricoid cartilage . The isthmus of the thyroid , which connects both wings , lies directly in front , whereas the wings lie on the front and stretch to the side . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the fourth week of development of the human embryo as the respiratory bud grows , the trachea separates from the foregut through the formation of tracheoesophageal ridges which fuse to form the tracheoesophageal septum and this separates the future trachea from the oesophagus and divides the foregut tube into the laryngotracheal tube . Before the end of the fifth week , the trachea begins to develop from the laryngotracheal tube which develops from the laryngotracheal groove . The first part of the cephalic region of the tube forms the larynx , and the next part forms the trachea . </P> <P> The trachea is no more than 4mm diameter during the first year of life , expanding to its adult diameter by late childhood . The trachea is more mobile and of more variable length , deeper , and smaller in children . </P> <H3> Histology ( edit ) </H3> 10 X Photograph of a histological sample of a human trachea coloured with H&E stain Cross-section <P> The trachea is lined with a layer of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium . The epithelium contains goblet cells , which are glandular , modified simple columnar epithelial cells that produce mucins , the main component of mucus . Mucus helps to moisten and protect the airways . Mucus lines the ciliated cells of the trachea to trap inhaled foreign particles that the cilia then waft upward toward the larynx and then the pharynx where it can be either swallowed into the stomach or expelled as phlegm . This self - clearing mechanism is termed mucociliary clearance . </P> <H2> Clinical significance ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Inflammation ( edit ) </H3> <P> Inflammation of the trachea is known as tracheitis . When the trachea is inflamed as well as the larynx and bronchi , this is known as croup , which often causes a distinct , barking cough . </P> <H3> Intubation ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Tracheal intubation and Airway management <P> Tracheal intubation refers to the insertion of a catheter down the trachea . This procedure is commonly performed during surgery , in order to ensure a person receives enough oxygen when sedated . The catheter is connected to a machine that monitors the airflow , oxygenation and several other metrics . This is often one of the responsibilities of an anesthetist during surgery . The epiglottic vallecula is an important anatomical landmark for carrying out this procedure . </P> <P> In an emergency , or when tracheal intubation is deemed impossible , a tracheotomy is often performed to insert a tube for ventilation , usually when needed for particular types of surgery to be carried out so that the airway can be kept open . The provision of the opening via a tracheotomy is called a tracheostomy . Another less invasive method is used when a procedure can be carried out more quickly , or in an emergency situation , and this is a cricothyrotomy . </P> <H3> Congenital disorders ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tracheal agenesis , is a rare birth defect in which the trachea fails to develop . The defect is usually fatal though sometimes surgical intervention has been successful . </P> <P> A tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital defect in which the trachea and esophagus are abnormally connected . </P> <P> Sometimes as an anatomical variation one or more of the tracheal rings are completely formed . These O rings are smaller than the normal C - shaped and can cause narrowing of the trachea resulting in breathing difficulties . An operation called a slide tracheoplasty can be performed which opens up the rings and rejoins them as wider rings shortening the length of the trachea . Slide tracheoplasty is said to be the best option in treating tracheal stenosis . </P> <P> Mounier - Kuhn syndrome is a very rare congenital disorder of an abnormally enlarged trachea . </P> <H3> Other ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> A tracheo - oesophageal puncture is a surgically created hole between the trachea and the esophagus in a person who has had a total laryngectomy , ( removal of larynx ) . The purpose of the puncture is to restore a person 's ability to speak after the vocal cords have been removed . </Li> <Li> Tracheomalacia ( weakening of the tracheal cartilage ) <Ul> <Li> Tracheal collapse ( in dogs ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Tracheobronchial injury ( perforation of the trachea or bronchi ) </Li> <Li> A chondrolaryngoplasty commonly called a tracheal shave is the shaving of the cricoid cartilage in order to reduce it to lessen the prominence of the Adam 's apple . It is often carried out in transgender surgery . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Other animals ( edit ) </H2> <P> Allowing for variations in the length of the neck , the trachea in other mammals is , in general , similar to that in humans . Generally , it is also similar to the reptilian trachea . </P> <H3> Vertebrates ( edit ) </H3> <P> In birds , the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx , from which the primary bronchi diverge . Swans have an unusually elongated trachea , part of which is coiled beneath the sternum ; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound . In some birds , the tracheal rings are complete , and may even be ossified . </P> <P> In amphibians , the trachea is normally extremely short , and leads directly into the lungs , without clear primary bronchi . A longer trachea is , however , found in some long - necked salamanders , and in caecilians . While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea , these do not form the rings found in amniotes . </P> <P> The only vertebrates to have lungs , but no trachea , are the

The function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea is to

What is the function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?

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</Td> <Td> Sharat Raju </Td> <Td> Jeff Melvoin </Td> <Td> March 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 3.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Brought in for questioning , Damian claims to have key information that may help Kirkman save a space station crew from dehydration , including that both the U.S. and Russian space programs were cyberattacked . Meanwhile , the resolution compromises Kirkman 's relationship with the former president , now secretary of state , while Kirkman tries to keep his children steady in the wake of Alex 's death . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 34 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Original Sin '' </Td> <Td> Bosede Williams </Td> <Td> Ashley Gable </Td> <Td> March 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 3.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> The White House staff has its hands full with fallout from the video leak of Kirkman 's contentious visit with Alex 's killer , finding who was responsible for the leak , and a false perception of Kirkman as a tyrant because of it ; and , with an unexpected sit - in from a visiting tribe of Native Americans whose lands were compromised by decades - old developments by Kirkman 's former architectural firm -- - at a time Kirkman himself was unaware of the tribe or its heritage . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 35 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` In the Dark '' </Td> <Td> Carol Banker </Td> <Td> Bill Chais </Td> <Td> March 21 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 3.98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> A power blackout in Washington scrambles both the White House staff and Hannah into tracking the source of an apparent hack into the grid . Damian breaks his tracking device to kill a Russian before the Russian can kill Hannah . Kirkman and Washington , D.C. 's mayor Ellenor Darby tackle local unrest during the power failure , and their success after an early misunderstanding makes Kirkman 's mind up about his choice for vice president . Kirkman 's brother delivers an unexpected but welcome surprise involving a bond payment deadline extension to Japan . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 36 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Summit '' </Td> <Td> Chris Grismer </Td> <Td> Jessica Grasl </Td> <Td> March 28 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 3.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> With Ellenor confirmed as the new vice president , tensions including a nuclear missile test compel Kirkman to speed up a peace summit between East and West Hun Chiu at Camp David , but incessant leaks threaten to torpedo the talks -- - especially when the son of East Hun Chiu 's ruthless strongman defects to the U.S. While Seth and Emily concurrently continue re-assessing their relationship as both are compelled to sign White House disclosure documents covering it , Kirkman is quietly outraged when he discovers the source of the leaks . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 37 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Fallout '' </Td> <Td> Joe Lazarov </Td> <Td> Tom Garrigus </Td> <Td> April 4 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> 3.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Kirkman and the FBI scramble to find where a `` dirty '' nuclear waste bomb is planted in the United States and the person responsible for it . The bomb is found at a Metro Line train station but kills six FBI personnel including Director Forstell before they can clear the station . Evidence initially points to East Hun Chiu , but when it proves to be Kunami 's doing Kirkman launches airstrikes at strategic targets in that country . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 38 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Overkill '' </Td> <Td> Jeff T. Thomas </Td> <Td> Jeff Melvoin & Tracey Rice </Td> <Td> April 11 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 3.29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Kirkman presses forward with more attacks on Kunami 's military infrastructure to bring that country 's strongman emir to heel in the wake of the dirty bombing , but while Kirkman wrestles with his conscience over the mini-war Hannah -- - on the ground in Kunami -- - discovers Kunami 's ambassador has a side agenda dangerous to both the emir and the U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 39 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Kirkman Agonistes '' </Td> <Td> Leslie Libman </Td> <Td> Pierluigi D. Cothran & Patrick Cunnane </Td> <Td> April 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 3.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> The private tape recordings of Kirkman 's therapy sessions have been leaked to the press . The White House staff scrambles to expose the leaker . Vice President Darby convenes a secret Cabinet meeting to discuss whether to remove Kirkman under the 25th Amendment , and ruthless attorney Ethan West ( Michael J. Fox ) is brought in to investigate Kirkman 's past . A weary president ponders briefly whether he really feels fit to remain in office . Seth dresses down the White House press corps by reminding them any man -- - never mind a president -- - would be traumatised by his wife 's unexpected death . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 40 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Capacity '' </Td> <Td> David Warry - Smith </Td> <Td> Keith Eisner </Td> <Td> April 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 3.36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 41 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Bad Reception '' </Td> <Td> Chris Grismer </Td> <Td> Tom Garrigus & Jessica Grasl </Td> <Td> May 2 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 42 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Target '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 43 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Run '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Designated Survivor was renewed for a second season on May 11 , 2017 . Former The Good Wife executive producer Keith Eisner will take over as showrunner for the second season . Eisner will be the fourth showrunner for the show , replacing Jeff Melvoin , who was hired as showrunner in December 2016 , taking over for Jon Harmon Feldman . The show 's original showrunner Amy B. Harris stepped down due to creative differences after the series ' official pickup in February 2016 . </P> <P> On June 22 , 2017 , cast member Virginia Madsen announced that she would not be returning for the second season as Kimble Hookstraten as she commented `` I guess they had other stories to tell . It 's a big show so I wish them well . '' After the first season finale , Sutherland announced that the show would add three new characters for the second season . Two of the character descriptions was `` a `` fiery '' female White House Counsel and a `` ruggedly handsome '' MI6 operative who crosses paths with Hannah . '' TVLine announced on June 29 , 2017 , that Paulo Costanzo had been cast as a series regular role as Lyor Boone , the new White House Political Director . Deadline reported on July 17 , 2017 , that Ben Lawson had been cast as the series regular character Damian Rennett , an MI6 operative . In the same month , it was announced that Zoe McLellan was cast in a series regular role as attorney and White House counsel , Kendra Daynes . In November 2017 , Kim Raver was cast in the recurring role of engineer and space entrepreneur , Andrea Frost . In January 2018 , Michael J. Fox was cast in the recurring role of Washington attorney and special prosecutor , Ethan West . In March 2018 , Nora Zehetner was cast in the recurring role of Russian cultural attaché , Valeria Poriskova . </P> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` One Year In '' </Td> <Td> September 27 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 1.1 / 4 </Td> <Td> 5.50 </Td> <Td> 1.4 </Td> <Td> 5.84 </Td> <Td> 2.5 </Td> <Td> 11.34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Sting of the Tail '' </Td> <Td> October 4 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.80 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5.20 </Td> <Td> 2.1 </Td> <Td> 10.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Outbreak '' </Td> <Td> October 11 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.61 </Td> <Td> 1.1 </Td> <Td> 5.07 </Td> <Td> 2.0 </Td> <Td> 9.68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Equilibrium '' </Td> <Td> October 18 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.8 / 3 </Td> <Td> 4.34 </Td> <Td> 1.1 </Td> <Td> 5.00 </Td> <Td> 1.9 </Td> <Td> 9.34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Suckers '' </Td> <Td> October 25 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.94 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 4.60 </Td> <Td> 1.7 </Td> <Td> 8.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Two Ships '' </Td> <Td> November 1 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.92 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 4.31 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 8.23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Family Ties '' </Td> <Td> November 15 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.8 / 3 </Td> <Td> 4.05 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 4.47 </Td> <Td> 1.7 </Td> <Td> 8.52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Home '' </Td> <Td> November 29 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 4.03 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 4.83 </Td> <Td> 1.7 </Td> <Td> 8.86 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Three - Letter Day '' </Td> <Td> December 6 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.87 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 4.60 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 8.47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Line of Fire '' </Td> <Td> December 13 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.8 / 3 </Td> <Td> 4.38 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Grief '' </Td> <Td> February 28 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.6 / 2 </Td> <Td> 3.72 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 4.71 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 8.43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` The Final Frontier '' </Td> <Td> March 7 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.6 / 2 </Td> <Td> 3.60 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 4.41 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 8.02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Original Sin '' </Td> <Td> March 14 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.69 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> <Td> 4.20 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 7.89 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` In the Dark '' </Td> <Td> March 21 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.98 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> <Td> 4.10 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 8.08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Summit '' </Td> <Td> March 28 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.7 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.80 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 3.99 </Td> <Td> 1.4 </Td> <Td> 7.79 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Fallout '' </Td> <Td> April 4 , 2018 </Td> <Td> 0.6 / 3 </Td> <Td> 3.84 </Td> <Td> 0.8 </Td> <Td> 3.88 </Td> <Td> 1.4 </Td> <Td> 7.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr>

The season finale of Designated Survivor aired on

When is the season finale of designated survivor?

-4423551111496986075

that the taxpayers ' money is being properly used , and the Court must be consulted before the adoption of any legislation with financial implications , but its opinion is never binding . </P> <H2> Organisation ( edit ) </H2> The ECA 's premises in Luxembourg <P> The Court is composed of one member from each EU state , each of whom is -- after a hearing in the Budgetary Control Committee and a non-binding majority - vote in the committee as well as in the plenary of the European Parliament -- appointed unanimously by the Council of the European Union for a renewable term of six years . They are not all replaced every six years , however , as their terms do not coincide ( four of the original members began with reduced terms of four years for this reason ) . Members are chosen from people who have served in national audit bodies , who are qualified for the office and whose independence is beyond doubt . While serving in the Court , members can not engage in any other professional activities . As the body is independent , its members are free to decide their own organisation and rules of procedure , although these must be ratified by the Council of the European Union . Since the Treaty of Nice , the Court can set up `` chambers '' ( with only a few Members each ) to adopt certain types of reports or opinions . </P> <P> The Court is supported by a staff of approximately 800 auditors , translators and administrators recruited as part of the European Civil Service . Auditors are divided into auditor groups which inspect and prepare draft reports for the Court to take decisions upon . Inspections take place not only of EU institutions but of any state which receives EU funds , given that 90 % of income and expenditure is managed by national authorities rather than the EU . Upon finding a fault , the Court -- possessing no legal powers of its own -- informs the European Anti-fraud Office ( OLAF ) , which is the EU 's anti-fraud agency . The Court is also assisted by the Secretary - General of the European Court of Auditors , elected by the Court , who -- along with general management and assistance to the President -- draws up draft minutes and keeps archives of decisions , as well as ensuring the publication of reports in the Official Journal of the European Union . </P> <H3> President ( edit ) </H3> <P> The members then elect one of their number as the President of the Court for a renewable three - year term . The election takes place by a secret ballot of those members who applied for the presidency . The duties of the President ( which may be delegated ) are to convene and chair the meetings of the Court , ensuring that decisions are implemented and the departments ( and other activities ) are soundly managed . The president also represents the court and appoints a representative for it in contentious proceedings . </P> <P> The current President is Klaus - Heiner Lehne , elected on 13 September 2016 . He succeeded Vítor Manuel da Silva Caldeira ( of Portugal ) , elected in 2007 . Previous presidents have been Sir Norman Price ( 1977 , United Kingdom ) , Michael Murphy ( 1977 , Ireland ) , Pierre Lelong ( 1981 , France ) , Marcel Mart ( 1984 , Luxembourg ) , Aldo Angioi ( 1990 , Italy ) , André Middelhoek ( 1992 , Netherlands ) , Bernhard Friedmann ( 1996 , Germany ) , Jan O. Karlsson ( 1999 , Sweden ) , Juan Manuel Fabra Vallés † ( 2002 , Spain ) and Hubert Weber ( 2006 , Austria ) . </P> <H3> Secretary - General ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Secretary - General is the European Court of Auditors most senior member of staff . Appointed for a renewable term of 6 years , he is responsible for the management of the Court 's staff and for the administration of the Court . In addition , the Secretary - General is responsible for the budget , translation , training and information technology . </P> List of Secretaries - General of the European Court of Auditors ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Patrick Everard - 16.10. 1989 to 9.2. 1994 </Li> <Li> Edouard Ruppert - 25.2. 1994 to 30.6. 2001 </Li> <Li> Michel Hervé - 1.7. 2001 to 31.10. 2008 - France </Li> <Li> John Speed ( ad interim ) - 9.10. 2008 to 15.3. 2009 - UK </Li> <Li> Eduardo Ruiz Garcia - 16.3. 2009 to present ; nominated until 15.3. 2015 - Spain </Li> </Ul> <H2> Criticism ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Declaration of assurance ( edit ) </H3> <P> Since 1994 the Court has been required to provide a `` Declaration of Assurance '' , essentially a certificate that an entire annual budget can be accounted for . This has proved to be a problem , as even relatively minor omissions require the Court to refuse a declaration of assurance for the entire budget , even if almost all of the budget is considered reliable . </P> <P> This has led to media reports of the EU accounts being `` riddled with fraud '' , where issues are based on errors in paperwork even though the underlying spending was legal . The auditing system itself has drawn criticism from this perception . The Commission in particular has stated that the bar is too high , and that only 0.09 % of the budget is subject to fraud . The Commission has elsewhere stated that it is important to distinguish between fraud and other irregularities . The controversial dismissal in 2003 of Marta Andreasen for her criticism of procedures in 2002 has , for some , called into doubt the integrity of the institutions . </P> <P> It is frequently claimed that annual accounts have not been certified by the external auditor since 1994 . In its annual report on the implementation of the 2009 EU Budget , the Court of Auditors found that the two biggest areas of the EU budget , agriculture and regional spending , have not been signed off on and remain `` materially affected by error '' . </P> <P> Terry Wynn , an MEP who served on the Parliament 's Committee on Budgetary Control and reached the position of chairman , has also backed these calls , stating that it is impossible for the Commission to achieve these standards . In a report entitled EU Budget -- Public Perception & Fact -- how much does it cost , where does the money go and why is it criticised so much ? , Wynn cites consensus that practice in the EU differs from that in the USA . In the USA , the focus is on the financial information , not on the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions , ' So , other than in Europe , the political reaction in the US to the failure to obtain a clean audit opinion is only `` a big yawn '' ' . </P> <P> By comparison , the Comptroller and Auditor General for the United Kingdom stated that there were 500 separate accounts for the UK , and `` in the last year , I qualified 13 of the 500 . If I had to operate the EU system , then , because I qualify 13 accounts , I might have to qualify the whole British central government expenditure '' . Despite the problems , the Barroso Commission stated that it aimed to bring the budget within the Court 's limits by the end of its mandate in 2009 . </P> <P> The ECA made clear in its year report for 2010 that `` Responsibility for the legality and regularity of spending on Cohesion Policies starts in the Member States , but the Commission bears the ultimate responsibility for the correct implementation of the budget '' . In previous reports , the ECA has noted that `` Regardless of the method of implementation applied , the Commission bears the ultimate responsibility for the legality and regularity of the transactions underlying the accounts of the European Communities ( Article 274 of the Treaty ) '' . </P> <H3> Size ( edit ) </H3> <P> The size of the court has also come under criticism . Owing to the one - member - per - state system , its members grew from nine to twenty - seven as of 2007 . Attempting to get consensus in the body has thus become more difficult ; this led to the number of its special reports per year shrinking from fifteen to six between 2003 and 2005 , despite its staff growing by 200 over the same period . Some proposals have been for its size to be reduced to five members or just one , possibly with an advisory board with members from each member state . However , neither the European Constitution nor the Treaty of Lisbon proposed any changes to its composition , despite calls by former court members and MEPs to embrace change . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> National Audit Office ( United Kingdom ) </Li> <Li> Cour des Comptes ( France ) </Li> <Li> Federal Court of Auditors of Germany </Li> <Li> Chamber of Accounts ( Greece ) </Li> <Li> Swedish National Audit Office </Li> <Li> Government Accountability Office ( US ) </Li> <Li> Australian National Audit Office </Li> <Li> National Audit Office ( China ) </Li> <Li> Bundesrechnungshof </Li> <Li> Supreme Chamber of Control of the Republic of Poland </Li> <Li> Netherlands Court of Audit </Li> <Li> Court of Audit of Belgium </Li> <Li> Rigsrevisionen </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Bösch , Herbert ( 18 October 2007 ) . `` Speech by Herbert Bösch , Chairman of the European Parliament 's Committee on Budgetary Control '' . Europa ( web portal ) . Retrieved 17 October 2007 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Institutions of the EU : The European Court of Auditors '' . Europa ( web portal ) . Archived from the original on 22 December 2009 . Retrieved 15 October 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Power of audit of the European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` EU may force region to repay cash '' . BBC News . 16 October 2007 . Retrieved 17 October 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Budgetary control : 1996 discharge raises issue of confidence in the Commission '' . Europa ( web portal ) . 1999 . Retrieved 15 October 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Consultative powers of the European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Composition of the European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Organisation and operation of the European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Glossary : The European Court of Auditors '' . Europa ( web portal ) . Retrieved 15 October 2007 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Organisation of the European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Presidents of the European Court of Auditors '' . CVCE . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Mulvey , Stephen ( 24 October 2006 ) . `` Why the EU 's audit is bad news '' . BBC News . Retrieved 15 October 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Protection of the European Union 's financial interests --

The last time the EU was audited was in

When was the last time the eu was audited?

-5602712022648831329

Christmas gift - wikipedia <H1> Christmas gift </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Christmas gifts underneath a Christmas tree . `` Christmas present '' redirects here . For other uses , see Christmas Present and Christmas Gift . <P> A Christmas gift or Christmas present is a gift given in celebration of Christmas . Christmas gifts are often exchanged on December 25 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Economic impact </Li> <Li> 3 Further reading </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Christmas advertising mentioning gifts from c. 1900 Red Cross workers packing Christmas presents for the Fighting Forces during World War II , October 1942 <P> The tradition of gift - giving is an old one , but it became associated with Christmas more recently . It is a relic of a pagan custom , namely , the winter solstice which in Europe occurs in December . This was celebrated in ancient Rome with gift - giving during the Saturnalia holiday , which took place that month . As Christianity became increasingly widespread in the Roman lands , the custom of gift - giving continued . Around the year 336 AD the date of December 25 appears to have become established as the day of Jesus 's birth , and the tradition of gift - giving was reinterpreted and tied to the story of three Magi giving gifts to baby Jesus ; together with another story , that of Santa Claus based on the historical figure of Saint Nicholas , a fourth - century Greek bishop and gift - giver , it slowly became a part of Christmas celebrations . </P> <P> Some early Christian rulers , however , interpreted this story as indications that it should be their subjects who should give gifts to their superiors , and insisted on tributes and tithes during that period . This changed around the turn of the millennium following the popularity of the Good King Wenceslas story based on the life of another historical person claimed to be a gift - giver , Saint Wenceslaus . Christmas gift - giving to superiors became less common , and around the time of the Protestant Reformation , customs of gift - giving to children became increasingly widespread in Europe . The custom spread to the United States around the 19th century . This also coincided with the desire of some elites to reduce the rowdiness of adult Christmas celebrations , which in some places were tied to begging , as `` bands of young men , often rowdy , would `` wassail '' from home to home and demand handouts from the gentry `` . Another related aspect was the growing desire by parents to keep children at home , away from the `` corrupting '' influence of the urban streets . </P> <P> Another relatively recent change concerned the time of Christmas gift - giving . For many centuries , gift - giving took place on December 6 around Saint Nicholas Day or in early January after New Year 's Eve . The popularity of this custom grew after the positive reception of the 1823 poem The Night Before Christmas and the 1843 novella A Christmas Carol . By the end of the 19th century , Christmas Eve replaced early December or January dates as the most common date for gift - giving in the Western culture . It is custom for one to open a single gift on the evening of Christmas Eve . </P> <H2> Economic impact ( edit ) </H2> Christmas decorations , often featuring Christmas gifts , abound in many shopping malls Main article : Economics of Christmas <P> The tradition was also embraced by retailers , for whom the weeks and , eventually , the entire month before Christmas became a very profitable period . Around the turn of the 20th century retailers started directing marketing efforts at children in the hopes that they would entice the parents to buy more goods . </P> <P> In the early 2000s it was estimated that shoppers in the U.S. alone spend over $4 billion each day during the Christmas shopping season , with an average individual spending over $1,000 on gifts . </P> <P> There are concerns that gift - giving during Christmas is too commercial . Seventy percent of respondents to an online survey of 13,576 people in 14 European countries in 2016 said that too much attention is put on spending during the Christmas period , 42 % said they felt forced to spend more at Christmas , and 10 % borrowed money to be able to afford the gifts . </P> <P> Economist Joel Waldfogel noted that because of the mismatch between what the giftee values the gift and the value paid for by the giver , the gifts lose between 10 % to one - third of their value ; he calls it the `` deadweight loss of Christmas '' . This leads to gifts often being returned , sold , or re-gifted . In the 2016 European online survey , 15 % of respondents were unhappy about their gifts and 10 % could not remember what they had received . Twenty - five percent of respondents said they had re-gifted their presents to someone else , 14 % sold the items , 10 % tried to return them to the store , and 5 % returned the gift to the giver . Seniors were more likely to send their unwanted presents to charity , while those aged 25 to 34 `` simply threw them away '' . Gifts that are least likely to be appreciated rely on personal tastes , and include items like perfumes and cosmetics , ornaments , and clothing . </P> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> William Waits ( October 1994 ) . The Modern Christmas in America : A Cultural History of Gift Giving . NYU Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8147 - 9284 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Joel Waldfogel , The Deadweight Loss of Christmas </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christmas gifts . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Christmas Wrapping </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Berking , Helmuth ( March 30 , 1999 ) . Sociology of Giving . SAGE Publications . p. 14 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 85702 - 613 - 2 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Collins , Ace ( April 20 , 2010 ) . Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas . Zondervan . pp. 96 -- 100 . Retrieved April 10 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ringel , Paul . `` Why Do Children Get Presents on Christmas Anyway ? '' . The Atlantic . Retrieved December 4 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Christmas : How did gift - giving and caroling get started ? '' . Christian Science Monitor . December 21 , 2013 . ISSN 0882 - 7729 . Retrieved December 4 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : ING.com ( December 1 , 2016 ) . `` The truth about unwanted Christmas gifts '' . ING.com . Retrieved December 1 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The economic case against Christmas presents '' . Vox . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 05 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christmas_gift&oldid=819346591 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Giving </Li> <Li> Christmas traditions </Li> <Li> Christmas economics </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use mdy dates from December 2017 </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 January 2018 , at 21 : 40 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The tradition of gift giving originated

Where did the tradition of gift giving come from?

-1368496226157825142

Interphase - wikipedia <H1> Interphase </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Interface ( chemistry ) . This article is about the phase in the cell cycle . For the video game , see Interphase ( video game ) . An illustration of interphase . The chromatin has not yet condensed , and the cell is undergoing its normal functions . An image of the nucleus of a cell ( HT1080 ) currently in interphase ( likely G1 ) . Note : Cytoplasm of this cell or the neighboring cell is not visible ( top - left ) , which is currently in the telophase of mitosis . Image taken using an optical microscope and DAPI staining of DNA . <P> Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life . During this phase , the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis . Interphase is the ' daily living ' or metabolic phase of the cell , in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them , grows , reads its DNA , and conducts other `` normal '' cell functions . The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase . This phase was formerly called the resting phase . However , interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting ; rather , the cell is living , and preparing for later cell division , so the name was changed . A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis . However , since mitosis is the division of the nucleus , prophase is actually the first stage . </P> <P> In interphase , the cell gets itself ready for mitosis or meiosis . Somatic cells , or normal diploid cells of the body , go through mitosis in order to reproduce themselves through cell division , whereas diploid germ cells ( i.e. , primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes ) go through meiosis in order to create haploid gametes ( i.e. , sperm and ova ) for the purpose of sexual reproduction . Chromosomes are copied . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Stages of interphase </Li> <Li> 2 Interphase within sequences of cellular processes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Interphase and the cell cycle </Li> <Li> 2.2 Interphase and other cellular processes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Stages of interphase ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are three stages of cellular interphase , with each phase ending when a cellular checkpoint checks the accuracy of the stage 's completion before proceeding to the next . The stages of interphase are : </P> <Ul> <Li> G ( Gap 1 ) , in which the cell grows and functions normally . During this time , a high amount of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows ( to about double its original size ) -- more organelles are produced and the volume of the cytoplasm increases . If the cell is not to divide again , it will enter G . </Li> <Li> Synthesis ( S ) , in which the cell duplicates its DNA ( via semiconservative replication ) . </Li> <Li> G ( Gap 2 ) , in which the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division . The mitochondria divide and the cell continues to grow until mitosis begins . In plants , chloroplasts also divide during G2 . </Li> <Li> In addition , some cells that do not divide often or ever , enter a stage called G ( Gap zero ) , which is either a stage separate from interphase or an extended G . </Li> </Ul> <P> The duration of time spent in interphase and in each stage of interphase is variable and depends on both the type of cell and the species of organism it belongs to . Most cells of adult mammals spend about 20 hours in interphase ; this accounts for about 90 % of the total time involved in cell division . Interphase includes G1 , S , and G2 phases . Mitosis and cytokinesis , however , are separate from interphase . </P> <H2> Interphase within sequences of cellular processes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Interphase and the cell cycle ( edit ) </H3> <P> When G is completed , the cell enters a relatively brief period of nuclear and cellular division , composed of mitosis and cytokinesis , respectively . After the successful completion of mitosis and cytokinesis , both resulting daughter cells re-enter G of interphase . </P> <P> In the cell cycle , interphase is preceded by telophase and cytokinesis of the M phase . In alternative fashion , interphase is sometimes interrupted by G phase , which , in some circumstances , may then end and be followed by the remaining stages of interphase . After the successful completion of the G checkpoint , the final checkpoint in interphase , the cell proceeds to prophase , or in plants to preprophase , which is the first stage of mitosis . </P> <P> G phase is viewed as either an extended G phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide and or as a distinct quiescent stage which occurs outside of the cell cycle . </P> <H3> Interphase and other cellular processes ( edit ) </H3> <P> In gamete production interphase is succeeded by meiosis . In programmed cell death , interphase is followed or preempted by apoptosis . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Prophase </Li> <Li> Prometaphase </Li> <Li> Metaphase </Li> <Li> Anaphase </Li> <Li> Telophase </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Marieb , Elaine ( 2000 ) , Essentials of human anatomy and physiology , San Francisco : Benjamin Cummings , ISBN 0805349405 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial The Biology Project -- Cell Biology . University of Arizona . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cummings , M.R. ( 2014 ) . Human Heredity : Principles and Issues ( 10th ed. , pp. 28 - 29 ) . Belmont , CA : Brooks / Cole . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mader , S.S. 2007 . Biology 9th Ed . McGraw Hill Higher Education , Boston , MA , USA . ISBN 978 - 0 - 07 - 325839 - 3 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Re : Are the cells in the G0 ( g zero ) phase of mitosis really suspended ? Erin Cram , Grad student , Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of California , Berkeley . 1999 . MadScience Network . Question ID 942142089. Cb . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Cell cycle proteins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cyclin </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A ( A1 , A2 ) </Li> <Li> B ( B1 , B2 , B3 ) </Li> <Li> D ( D1 , D2 , D3 ) </Li> <Li> E ( E1 , E2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CDK </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 6 </Li> <Li> 7 </Li> <Li> 8 </Li> <Li> 9 </Li> <Li> 10 </Li> <Li> CDK - activating kinase </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CDK inhibitor </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> INK4a / ARF ( p14arf / p16 , p15 , p18 , p19 ) </Li> <Li> cip / kip ( p21 , p27 , p57 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> P53 p63 p73 family </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> p53 </Li> <Li> p63 </Li> <Li> p73 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cdc2 </Li> <Li> Cdc25 </Li> <Li> Cdc42 </Li> <Li> Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein </Li> <Li> E2F </Li> <Li> Maturation promoting factor </Li> <Li> Wee </Li> <Li> Cullin ( CUL7 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Phases and checkpoints </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Interphase </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> G phase </Li> <Li> S phase </Li> <Li> G phase </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> M phase </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mitosis ( Preprophase </Li> <Li> Prophase </Li> <Li> Prometaphase </Li> <Li> Metaphase </Li> <Li> Anaphase </Li> <Li> Telophase ) </Li> <Li> Cytokinesis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cell cycle checkpoints </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Restriction point </Li> <Li> Spindle checkpoint </Li> <Li> Postreplication checkpoint </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other cellular phases </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Apoptosis </Li> <Li> G phase </Li> <Li> Meiosis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interphase&oldid=836776689 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Mitosis </Li> <Li> Cell biology </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Azərbaycanca </Li> <Li> Български </Li> <Li> Bosanski </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Eesti </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> Hrvatski </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> ქართული </Li> <Li> Қазақша </Li> <Li> Kreyòl ayisyen </Li> <Li> Кыргызча </Li> <Li> Lietuvių </Li> <Li> Македонски </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Română </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Slovenščina </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 22 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 19 : 46 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The cell spends most of its time in the cell cycle in

Where does the cell spend most of its time in the cell cycle?

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California gold Rush - wikipedia <H1> California gold Rush </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the film , see California Gold Rush ( film ) . <Table> California Gold Rush <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Prospectors working California gold placer deposits in 1850 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 24 , 1848 ( 1848 - 01 - 24 ) -- 1855 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Sierra Nevada and Northern California goldfields </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 38 ° 48 ′ 09 '' N 120 ° 53 ′ 41 '' W  /  38.80250 ° N 120.89472 ° W  / 38.80250 ; - 120.89472 Coordinates : 38 ° 48 ′ 09 '' N 120 ° 53 ′ 41 '' W  /  38.80250 ° N 120.89472 ° W  / 38.80250 ; - 120.89472 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Participants </Th> <Td> 300,000 prospectors </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Outcome </Th> <Td> California becomes a U.S. state and California Genocide </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Periods in United States history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( hide ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> Colonial era </Td> <Td> 1607 -- 1775 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> American Revolution </Td> <Td> 1765 -- 1783 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Confederation Period </Td> <Td> 1783 -- 1788 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federalist Era </Td> <Td> 1788 -- 1801 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jeffersonian Era </Td> <Td> 1801 -- 1817 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Era of Good Feelings </Td> <Td> 1817 -- 1825 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jacksonian Era </Td> <Td> 1825 -- 1849 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Civil War Era </Td> <Td> 1861 -- 1865 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Reconstruction Era </Td> <Td> 1865 -- 1877 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gilded Age </Td> <Td> 1877 -- 1897 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Progressive Era </Td> <Td> 1897 -- 1920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Roaring Twenties </Td> <Td> 1920 -- 1929 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Great Depression </Td> <Td> 1929 -- 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> World War II </Td> <Td> 1941 -- 1945 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Postwar Era </Td> <Td> 1945 -- 1981 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vietnam Era </Td> <Td> 1955 -- 1975 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Modern Era </Td> <Td> 1981 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Timeline </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The California Gold Rush ( 1848 -- 1855 ) began on January 24 , 1848 , when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter 's Mill in Coloma , California . The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad . The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy , and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood without first being a territory , in the Compromise of 1850 . The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease , genocide and starvation . By the time it ended , California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory , to the home state of the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party , in 1856 . </P> <P> The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial . Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold - seekers , called `` forty - niners '' ( referring to 1849 ) . The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon , the Sandwich Islands ( Hawaii ) , and Latin America , and they were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848 . Of the 300,000 people who came to America during the Gold Rush , approximately half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail ; forty - niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip . While most of the newly arrived were Americans , the gold rush attracted tens of thousands from Latin America , Europe , Australia , and China . Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers . San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852 . Roads , churches , schools and other towns were built throughout California . In 1849 a state constitution was written . The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote , and the future state 's interim first governor and legislature were chosen . In September , 1850 , California became a state . </P> <P> At the beginning of the Gold Rush , there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of `` staking claims '' was developed . Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques , such as panning . Although the mining caused environmental harm , more sophisticated methods of gold recovery were developed and later adopted around the world . New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service . By 1869 railroads were built across the country from California to the eastern United States . At its peak , technological advances reached a point where significant financing was required , increasing the proportion of gold companies to individual miners . Gold worth tens of billions of today 's dollars was recovered , which led to great wealth for a few . However , many returned home with little more than they had started with . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Discovery announced </Li> <Li> 1.2 Transportation to California </Li> <Li> 1.3 Supplies and goods needed </Li> <Li> 1.4 Northern California strikes </Li> <Li> 1.5 Indigenous driven out </Li> <Li> 1.6 Earlier discoveries of gold </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Forty - niners <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Homosexuality </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Legal rights </Li> <Li> 4 Development of gold - recovery techniques </Li> <Li> 5 Profits <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Path of the gold </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Near - term effects <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Development of government and commerce </Li> <Li> 6.2 Impact on Native Americans </Li> <Li> 6.3 World - wide economic stimulation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Longer - term effects </Li> <Li> 8 Cultural references </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> California goldfields ( red ) in the Sierra Nevada and northern California Advertisement about sailing to California , circa 1850 <P> The Mexican -- American War ended on February 3 , 1848 , although California was firmly in American hands before that . The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided for , among other things , the formal transfer of Upper California to the United States . The California Gold Rush began at Sutter 's Mill , near Coloma . On January 24 , 1848 , James W. Marshall , a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter , found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River . Marshall brought what he found to John Sutter , and the two privately tested the metal . After the tests showed that it was gold , Sutter expressed dismay : he wanted to keep the news quiet because he feared what would happen to his plans for an agricultural empire if there were a mass search for gold . </P> <H3> Discovery announced </H3> <P> However , rumors soon started to spread and were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan . The most famous quote of the California Gold Rush was by Brannan ; after he had hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies , Brannan strode through the streets of San Francisco , holding aloft a vial of gold , shouting `` Gold ! Gold ! Gold from the American River ! '' </P> <P> On August 19 , 1848 , the New York Herald was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold . On December 5 , 1848 , President James Polk confirmed the discovery of gold in an address to Congress . Soon , waves of immigrants from around the world , later called the `` forty - niners , '' invaded the Gold Country of California or `` Mother Lode '' . As Sutter had feared , he was ruined ; his workers left in search of gold , and squatters took over his land and stole his crops and cattle . </P> <P> San Francisco had been a tiny settlement before the rush began . When residents learned about the discovery , it at first became a ghost town of abandoned ships and businesses , but then boomed as merchants and new people arrived . The population of San Francisco exploded from perhaps about 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 full - time residents by 1850 . Miners lived in tents , wood shanties , or deck cabins removed from abandoned ships . </P> <H3> Transportation to California </H3> <P> In what has been referred to as the `` first world - class gold rush , '' there was no easy way to get to California ; forty - niners faced hardship and often death on the way . At first , most Argonauts , as they were also known , traveled by sea . From the East Coast , a sailing voyage around the tip of South America would take five to eight months , and cover some 18,000 nautical miles ( 33,000 kilometres ) . An alternative was to sail to the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama , take canoes and mules for a week through the jungle , and then on the Pacific side , wait for a ship sailing for San Francisco . There was also a route across Mexico starting at Veracruz . Many gold - seekers took the overland route across the continental United States , particularly along the California Trail . Each of these routes had its own deadly hazards , from shipwreck to typhoid fever and cholera . </P> <H3> Supplies and goods needed </H3> <P> To meet the demands of the arrivals , ships bearing goods from around the world came to San Francisco as well . Ships ' captains found that their crews deserted to go to the goldfields . The wharves and docks of San Francisco became a forest of masts , as hundreds of ships were abandoned . Enterprising San Franciscans turned the abandoned ships into warehouses , stores , taverns , hotels , and one into a jail . Many of these ships were later destroyed and used for landfill to create more buildable land in the boomtown . </P> <H3> Northern California strikes </H3> Merchant ships fill San Francisco harbor , 1850 -- 51 <P> Within a few years , there was an important but lesser - known surge of prospectors into far Northern California , specifically into present - day Siskiyou , Shasta and Trinity Counties . Discovery of gold nuggets at the site of present - day Yreka in 1851 brought thousands of gold - seekers up the Siskiyou Trail and throughout California 's northern counties . </P> <P> Settlements of the Gold Rush era , such as Portuguese Flat on the Sacramento River , sprang into existence and then faded . The Gold Rush town of Weaverville on the Trinity River today retains the oldest continuously used Taoist temple in California , a legacy of Chinese miners who came . While there are not many Gold Rush era ghost towns still in existence , the remains of the once - bustling town of Shasta have been preserved in a California State Historic Park in Northern California . </P> <P> Gold was also discovered in Southern California but on a much smaller scale . The first discovery of

The California Gold Rush took place in the

Where did the california gold rush take place?

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Kabir K Sreejita De Chandni Bhagwanani Vineet Raina Dimple Jhangiani Ravjeet Singh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> Hindi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 128 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Shashi Mittal Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Agra Mumbai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Shashi Sumeet Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Zee TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 576i ( SDTV ) 1080i ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 11 May ( 2015 - 05 - 11 ) -- 30 October 2015 ( 2015 - 10 - 30 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.zeetv.com/shows/tumhi-ho-bandhu-sakha-tumhi/ </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi is an Indian television series , which premiered on 11 May 2015 on Zee TV . Neil Bhatt , Kabir K , Sreejita De and Chandini bhagwanani are in lead roles . The show is set in Agra . </P> <P> Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi is a tale of a family of five brothers and three sisters . </P> <P> The show began with the working title Pethawala before being named Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi . The show ended due to low trp ratings . </P> <P> From 17 July 2016 , it was rerun on Zee Anmol as Choti Bahu - Parivar ki Jeevan Rekha . The show there ended on 11 November 2016 . </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The story revolves around the Pethewala family . Bhushan ( Neil Bhatt ) , the second son of the family is in love with Shreya ( Sreejita De ) . Before he can tell his family , they pretend to have fixed his marriage elsewhere but the girl turns out to be Shreya . The lovers are happily married . </P> <P> Ajay is the youngest son of the Pethewala family . His best friend Ajju is in love with Sanjana . Ajju gets a job in USA and he and Sanjana decide to marry in the court given Sanjana 's father 's objections . Being just under 21 years of age , Ajju can not get married . To stop Sanjana 's father from getting her married forcibly to someone else , Ajju requests Ajay to marry her till he returns from the US . </P> <P> Ajay marries Sanjana . Unknown to their families is that their marriage is a contract for a few months . The Pethewala family takes time to accept Sanjana . Meanwhile , Shreya , after getting brain washed by her mother , wants to divide the house and gain control over it . Sanjana comes to know of Shreya 's true colours and tries to expose her . But Shreya exposes the truth behind Ajay 's marriage . This creates huge problems in the family and Sanjana is thrown out of the house . Trilokchand asks Ajay to go for a divorce . But Sanjana 's father , who has aldready accepted the marriage makes her realise her love for Ajay . Ajay likes Sanjana but hides his feelings as he does not want to hurt Ajju . Sanjana tries to win Ajay 's love . Meanwhile , Dadi comes to know Shreya 's true face . She brings back Sanjana to the house as a negative person . Sanjana tortures the family so the torn apart family will come together to fight against her . She finally succeeds in exposing Shreya who is thrown out by Bhushan . </P> <P> Shreya tries to commit suicide by jumping off from the cliff . Bhushan saves her but she loses her vision and becomes blind . Shreya regrets her mistakes and asks forgiveness from the family . Everyone forgives her except Bhushan . At the same time Ajju returns from USA . Ajju comes to know of Sanjana 's love for Ajay . He tries to drag her out of the house but Ajay stops him and confesses his love for her . This creates a huge fight between the friends . Ajju tries to rape Sanjana , when Ajay 's sister Mishri saves her by hitting Ajju on his head with a vase . Ajju dies and Mishri gets scared . Ajay and Sanjana hide Ajju 's body . The cops come by and tell Trilokchand that they 've discovered Ajju 's body and that the entire Pethewala family are suspects in the murder , but Ajay and Sanjana are the main suspects . In college , Mishri notices that she is being followed . It is actually Ajju in disguise . Ajju 's sister Shaina , Ajju and even Shreya try and manipulate Mishri into thinking she 's going mad but Ajay and Sanjana protect her . In the meantime , Shreya has faked a pregnancy to stay in the family but Bhushan suspects her and finds out her lies . Ajay and Mishri catch another man , Anuj , who claims to have fallen in love with Mishri at first sight . Anuj 's family asks for Mishri 's hand in marriage . On the day of the wedding , Sanjana is arrested for Ajju 's murder . Sanjana confesses and the only way Ajay can save her is to get married to Shaina . Finally bhushan enters and exposes all the villians and made Sanjana and Ajay Married . Shreya , Ajay and shaina are arrested . sanjana requests bhushan to brought back Shreya and Bhushan agrees . shreya gets happy to learn that Sanjana forgives her . The story ends with whole family dancing . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Chandni Bhagwanani as Sanjana Ajay Pethewala </Li> <Li> Sreejita De as Shreya Bhushan Pethewala </Li> <Li> Kabeer K as Ajay Pethewala </Li> <Li> Neil Bhatt as Bhushan Trilokchand Pethewala </Li> <Li> Dimple Jhangiani as Avni Pethawala </Li> <Li> Lavina Tandon as Shaina </Li> <Li> Madhu Malti Kapoor as Dadi </Li> <Li> Tushar Dalvi as Trilokchand Pethawala </Li> <Li> Aishwarya Narkar as Elaichi Trilokchand Pethawala </Li> <Li> Vineet Raina as Amar Pethawala </Li> <Li> Aalika Sheikh as Vinati Amar Pethawala </Li> <Li> Rehaan Khan as Samar Amar Pethawala </Li> <Li> Mahesh Tanwar as Utpal Trilokchand Pethawala </Li> <Li> Ravjeet Singh as Aayush Pethawala </Li> <Li> Neha Dangal as Mishri Trilokchand Pethawala </Li> <Li> Neeraj Goswani as Ajju </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Joint family the hero '' . The Hindu . 8 April 2015 . Retrieved 19 April 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` New TV shows to roll in 2015 '' . Daily News and Analysis . 5 January 2015 . Retrieved 19 April 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Programs currently broadcast by Zee TV </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soap Opera </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aisi Deewangi Dekhi Nahi Kahi </Li> <Li> Bin Kuch Kahe </Li> <Li> Kumkum Bhagya </Li> <Li> Kundali Bhagya </Li> <Li> Piyaa Albela </Li> <Li> Sethji </Li> <Li> Woh Apna Sa </Li> <Li> Zindagi Ki Mahek </Li> <Li> Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey ( TV Series ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reality Show </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sa Re Ga Ma Pa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weekends Show </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fear Files </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tum_Hi_Ho_Bandhu_Sakha_Tumhi&oldid=803276157 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2015 Indian television series debuts </Li> <Li> 2010s Indian television series </Li> <Li> Hindi - language television programs </Li> <Li> Television shows set in Mumbai </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use Indian English from April 2015 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English </Li> <Li> Articles with topics of unclear notability from April 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles with topics of unclear notability </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 October 2017 , at 15 : 09 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The real name of the cast member who played the role of Sakha in the TV show "Tumhi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi" is

Tumhi ho bandhu sakha tumhi cast real name?

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Richard Armitage ( actor ) - wikipedia <H1> Richard Armitage ( actor ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Richard Armitage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Armitage at WonderCon 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Richard Armitage ( 1971 - 08 - 22 ) 22 August 1971 ( age 46 ) Huncote , Leicestershire , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> British </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1988 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Richard Crispin Armitage ( born 22 August 1971 ) is an English film , television , theatre and voice actor . He received notice in the UK with his first leading role as John Thornton in the British television programme North & South ( 2004 ) , but it was his role as dwarf prince and leader Thorin Oakenshield in Peter Jackson 's film trilogy adaptation of The Hobbit that first brought him international recognition . Other notable roles include John Proctor in Yaël Farber 's stage production of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible , Francis Dolarhyde in the American TV series Hannibal , Lucas North in the British TV drama Spooks , John Porter in the British TV drama Strike Back , and Guy of Gisborne in the British TV drama Robin Hood . He more recently voiced Trevor Belmont in the Netflix adaptation of Castlevania . </P> <P> After graduating from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) , Armitage initially sought theatre work and was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) . He turned to film and television roles when he noticed that leading stage roles went to actors with name recognition who could bring in patrons to fill venues . After twelve years away and having earned that name recognition , Armitage returned to the stage in 2014 taking his first leading role in a major production . He played John Proctor in the highly successful and critically acclaimed production of The Crucible at The Old Vic , and earned an Olivier Award nomination for Best Actor . </P> <P> One of Armitage 's trademarks is his baritone voice , which he has employed as a voice actor since 2006 . While working on the TV series Robin Hood , he was asked to record audiobooks for the first season of that series . Since then , Armitage has recorded many notable audiobooks and has worked as a narrator on many TV and radio shows and adverts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life and education </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1988 -- 2003 : Early work </Li> <Li> 2.2 2004 -- 10 : Television success </Li> <Li> 2.3 2010 -- present : Film success and beyond </Li> <Li> 2.4 Narration </Li> <Li> 2.5 Richard III connection </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Acting style </Li> <Li> 4 Credits <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Theatre ( selection ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Discography </Li> <Li> 4.5 Radio </Li> <Li> 4.6 Voice - over </Li> <Li> 4.7 Podcast shows </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life and education ( edit ) </H2> <P> Armitage was born in Leicester , England , the younger son of Margaret , a secretary , and John Armitage , an engineer . Richard has an older brother named Chris . He attended Huncote Community Primary School in Huncote , Blaby District , Leicestershire and began secondary school at the local comprehensive school , Brockington College in Enderby . </P> <P> At Brockington , Armitage pursued his interest in music - playing the cello in school and local orchestras , and learning how to play the flute . By fourteen , having secured a grant from the Leicestershire Authority , he successfully persuaded his mother to allow him to transfer to Pattison College in Coventry , an independent boarding school specialising in the Performing Arts so that he could focus on drama and dance . </P> <P> Armitage has expressed gratitude for the lessons and opportunities Pattison College provided , saying `` It ... instilled me with a discipline that has stood me in good stead - never to be late , to know your lines and to be professional . '' By the time he finished school , he had achieved A Levels in music and English , and acting experience in local amateur and professional productions such as Showboat , Half a Sixpence , Orpheus and the Underworld ( as Bacchus ) and The Hobbit ( as an elf ) at the New Alexandra Theatre ( aka `` The Alex '' ) , Birmingham . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1988 -- 2003 : early work ( edit ) </H3> <P> After completing the programme at Pattison College in 1988 , Armitage joined the Nachtcircus in Budapest for six months to obtain his Equity Card , a requirement at the time for entertainment professionals to work in the UK . Returning to England , he pursued a career in musical theatre -- working as an assistant choreographer to Kenn Oldfield and performing in various productions , including the ensembles of 42nd Street , My One and Only , Nine , Annie Get Your Gun and as Admetus and Macavity in Cats . Armitage was also pursuing acting in dramatic theatre productions , including The Real Thing , Six Degrees of Separation and Death of a Salesman . </P> <P> By 1992 , he began to doubt if musical theatre was the right career path , so he enrolled at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) in 1993 to further study acting . `` I needed to do something a bit more truthful than musical theatre . For me it was a bit too theatrical and all about standing on stage and showing off . I was looking for something else , so that 's why I went back to drama school . '' </P> <P> After completing LAMDA 's three - year programme , he returned to the stage as a supporting player with the Royal Shakespeare Company 's productions of Macbeth and The Duchess of Malfi , as well as Hamlet and Four Alice Bakers with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre while taking a series of small roles in television and films . In 2002 he starred in the Charm Offensive 's production of Use Me As Your Cardigan . </P> <P> That same year Armitage appeared in his first major television role , as John Standring in the BBC drama Sparkhouse ( 2002 ) . `` It was the first time I went to an audition in character . It was a minor role but it was something I really got my teeth into ... I could n't go back . I knew I had to approach everything the same way . '' After this he took supporting roles in the TV productions of Between the Sheets , Cold Feet ( series 5 ) , and Ultimate Force ( series 2 ) . </P> <H3> 2004 -- 10 : television success ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Spring 2004 , Armitage landed his first leading role as textile mill owner John Thornton in the BBC adaptation of Elizabeth Gaskell 's North & South . The director and producers took a chance casting a little - known actor for their leading man ( he was the first actor to audition for the role and the last person cast ) , but their instincts proved correct . North & South was an unexpected success and Armitage became an overnight sensation in the UK . The BBC message boards crashed shortly after the telecast as a result of chatter about him and he was hailed as the new `` Mr. Darcy '' ( referring to Colin Firth 's `` Mr Darcy '' whom many regard as the definitive romantic leading man ) . Armitage never perceived John Thornton as the ideal romantic leading man role and was surprised by the overwhelming response . Instead , he said that he felt personally drawn to the role , as his father 's family had been weavers . He cited Thornton 's dualism as drawing him to the character . `` The dichotomy between the powerful , almost monstrous , entrepreneur and this kind of vulnerable boy is exciting for me to look at . '' </P> Richard Armitage at the 2010 BAFTA TV Awards <P> In 2005 , he played Peter MacDuff in Macbeth in the BBC 's ShakespeaRe - Told series and appeared as a recovering gambling addict in one episode of Inspector Lynley Mysteries . He starred in The Impressionists , playing the young Claude Monet , and as Dr Alec Track in ITV 's The Golden Hour , a medical series based on the London Air Ambulance . His first substantial role in movies was in the independent film Frozen . </P> <P> In 2006 , Armitage was cast as Guy of Gisborne in the BBC series Robin Hood , which was filmed entirely in Hungary . `` In order to sustain the character of Guy , you have to find the conflict within him . He 's constantly pulled between good and evil , between who he wants to be and who he actually is . He could have been a good man , but he is forever dragged down by his fatal flaw -- that he wants glory at all costs . '' Approaching the third series , he said , `` I do love playing him , but with a character like Gisborne , if you give him what he needs , then in a way , it 's over . That character is only interesting when he is n't getting what he wants , whether it 's power , money or the girl . '' The third and final series of Robin Hood started on 28 March 2009 . </P> <P> Armitage appeared in a two - part 2006 / 07 Christmas / New Years special of The Vicar of Dibley , as Harry Kennedy , the vicar 's new love interest ( and eventual husband ) . He reprised the role in 2007 for Red Nose Day . On 8 April 2007 , he played biker Ricky Deeming in the detective drama George Gently with Martin Shaw and Lee Ingleby . On 9 May 2007 , he appeared in the BBC Four production of Miss Marie Lloyd -- Queen of The Music Hall playing Marie Lloyd 's first husband , Percy Courtenay . He also appeared in the Granada TV production of Agatha Christie 's novel Ordeal by Innocence as the character Philip Durrant . </P> <P> Armitage joined the cast of Spooks as the character Lucas North for series 7 , which began on 27 October 2008 in the UK . Armitage notes that the character , who spent eight years in a Russian prison , has a personable exterior , but is psychologically damaged . `` I love films with a combination of action and good characters . That 's why Lucas is interesting as I get to play someone with a complex psychology who goes out there and tries to save the world . '' During the filming of series 7 Armitage allowed himself to be subjected to waterboarding to film a flashback sequence . In July 2010 , Armitage completed filming of series 9 , his final series . In this last series , his character 's real name was revealed as John Bateman , who had murdered the real Lucas North shortly before North began employment with MI5 . Bateman had stolen North 's identity and taken his place . </P> <P> On 20 May 2009 , Armitage appeared in the BBC1 drama Moving On as John Mulligan . </P> <P> In May 2010 , Armitage starred as

The dwarf king in The Hobbit is played by

Who plays the dwarf king in the hobbit?

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claiming wildlife conservation is unprofitable goes viral . He tells his girlfriend Vanessa that he intends to build an investment home on a large piece of property located near the Canadian border , left to him by his grandfather . Meanwhile , Lance 's ex-wife Linda leaves their son Tommy with him and Vanessa , since she needs to visit her hospitalized father in Philadelphia . </P> <P> At the Pine Grove forest , Lance , Tommy and Vanessa meet park ranger Samantha Bartlett . As Lance and Vanessa unpack , Tommy goes into the forest for a walk . There , he discovers and befriends Woody after he gives him peanut butter crackers . Woody visits the family at lunchtime and eats almost all of the food . Lance tries to shoo Woody away , but he accidentally wrecks the table and hits Vanessa in the face with a brush . The next morning , construction on the investment home begins , prompting an agitated Woody to cause chaos at the site . Later , in a nearby town , Tommy befriends a young musician named Jill , who persuades him to join her band in the annual Firefly Festival . Tommy is then saved from two bullies by Woody . </P> <P> As days pass , Lance grows more agitated because of Woody 's constant interference with his project , and he goes to meet Samantha at the ranger station . She reveals that the woodpecker is an endangered species known as a red - crowned pileated woodpecker , which Native Americans saw as a god of mischief and chaos . Lance continues with his work , but Vanessa leaves him after Woody blows up their RV with her inside as a prank . Samantha eventually advises Lance to get along with Woody . Lance reluctantly attempts to surrender to Woody by giving him crackers , but Woody agrees to let him and the workers continue with their construction , as long as he is given crackers every day . Eventually , the investment home is completed despite excessive payment and extended scheduling . </P> <P> At the town 's Firefly Festival , Tommy and Jill 's drummer Lyle comes down with indigestion , prompting Woody to take over using a homemade drum kit . The performance is a hit , and Lance is surprised to hear that Woody gave Tommy some friendly support . Realizing that having humans around again is n't a bad idea , Woody heads back to the investment home and carves a mural above the fireplace . However , as he signs his name into the carving , he accidentally burns the house down after hitting exposed wiring . Ashamed of his mistake , he flies back to his tree . Infuriated by this , Lance hires Nate and Ottis to hunt Woody down . The brothers find him and tase him unconscious . As they leave , Tommy reprimands his father and runs away . He then forms a plan to rescue Woody and heads to Grimes ' shack with Jill and Lyle , as the brothers try to sell Woody at an online black market auction . </P> <P> Lance finds the mural that Woody had created . Having a change of heart , he enlists Samantha 's help and they set out to find both Tommy and Woody . However , everyone is captured by the brothers . As Nate grabs a tranquilizer , Lance tilts his cage towards Woody 's so he can free him . After beating the brothers , Woody chases them as they attempt to flee to Canada . He carves a hole in the middle of a bridge , and the brothers fall into the river below , where they are later arrested . Later , Lance apologizes to Woody for not knowing that the house fire was an accident , and therefore replaces Woody 's cut - down tree with a birdhouse . Woody accepts both the gift and the group to be called his new family , much to their generosity . That night , as Lance and Tommy fall asleep in a tent , Woody carves the words `` Home Sweet Home '' into the new birdhouse , only to accidentally make it topple onto the tent . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Eric Bauza as the voice of Woody Woodpecker , a mischievous rare pileated woodpecker . </Li> <Li> Timothy Omundson as Lance Walters , a Seattle lawyer , Tommy 's dad and Linda 's ex-husband . </Li> <Li> Thaila Ayala as Vanessa , Lance 's girlfriend . </Li> <Li> Graham Verchere as Tommy Walters , Lance 's son . He befriends Woody whenever he visits him . </Li> <Li> Jordana Largy as Samantha Bartlett , a park ranger at Pine Grove National Park . </Li> <Li> Scott McNeil as Nate Grimes , an evil poacher who plans to sell Woody on the black market . He serves as the main antagonist of the film . </Li> <Li> Adrian Glynn McMorran as Ottis Grimes , a dimwitted poacher who is Nate 's partner and younger brother . </Li> <Li> Chelsea Miller as Jill Ferguson , a musician who becomes Tommy 's friend . </Li> <Li> Emily Holmes as Linda Walters , Tommy 's mom and Lance 's ex-wife . </Li> <Li> Jakob Davies as Lyle , a drummer who becomes Tommy 's friend . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the early 2010s , Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment planned a Woody Woodpecker feature film . John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky ( King of the Hill ) were in talks to develop a story , but in July 2013 , Illumination canceled the project . In October 2013 , Bill Kopp announced that Universal Pictures had hired him to direct an animated feature film with three interwoven stories . On July 13 , 2016 , Cartoon Brew reported that Universal 1440 Entertainment was filming a live - action / CG hybrid film based on Woody Woodpecker in Canada . Filming began in June 2016 , and ended later in July of that year . </P> <P> In December 2016 , a teaser trailer for the film was leaked by Universal Pictures Brasil with the Brazilian Portuguese dub . A trailer for the original English version premiered in the US on December 13 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film received an approval rating of 20 % on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , based on five reviews . Common Sense Media rated the film a 1 out of 5 stars , stating `` Inanely cruel villains , an unoriginal story , ham - handed performances , and reliance on farts and burps are the low lights of this awkward effort to bring back a less - than - engaging cartoon bird . '' </P> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> As of February 22 , 2018 , Woody Woodpecker has grossed $13.4 million . It debuted at $1.5 million , finishing second at the Brazilian box office behind Blade Runner 2049 . The movie increased by + 45.4 % in its second weekend , moving to first place to $2.1 million . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2114504/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Woody Woodpecker '' . The Numbers . Retrieved March 30 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Universal is Making A Live - Action / CG Woody Woodpecker Feature -- For Brazilians '' . Cartoonbrew.com. 2016 - 07 - 14 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.uphe.com/movies/woody-woodpecker </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ News , Nerd Alert ( 23 February 2017 ) . `` Actress Jordana Largy chats guest role on ' Supernatural ' '' . Nerdalertnewsblog.wordpress.com/ . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( November 16 , 2011 ) . `` Woody Woodpecker Movie in Development at Universal , Illumination ( Exclusive ) '' . Hollywoodreporter.com . Retrieved September 13 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Debruge , Peter ( July 17 , 2013 ) . `` Illumination Chief Chris Meledandri Lines Up Originals for Universal '' . Variety.com . Retrieved September 19 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beck , Jerry ( October 12 , 2013 ) . `` Bill Kopp Signed for Universal 's `` Woody Woodpecker '' `` . Indiewire.com . Retrieved September 13 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Primeiro vídeo de Pica - Pau mostra a brasileira Thaila Ayala '' . Adorocinema.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woody_woodpecker_2017/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/woody-woodpecker </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Woody Woodpecker on IMDb </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Woody Woodpecker by Walter Lantz </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cartoons & TV series </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Woody Woodpecker filmography </Li> <Li> The Woody Woodpecker Show ( 1957 -- 1958 ) </Li> <Li> The New Woody Woodpecker Show ( 1999 -- 2002 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oswald the Lucky Rabbit </Li> <Li> Pooch the Pup </Li> <Li> Andy Panda </Li> <Li> Woody Woodpecker </Li> <Li> Buzz Buzzard </Li> <Li> Chilly Willy </Li> <Li> Dapper Denver Dooley </Li> <Li> Sugarfoot </Li> <Li> Wally Walrus </Li> <Li> Gabby Gator </Li> <Li> Inspector Willoughby </Li> <Li> Mrs. Meany </Li> <Li> Maggie and Sam </Li> <Li> The Beary Family </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Férias Frustradas do Pica - Pau ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Woody Woodpecker Racing ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Woody Woodpecker : Escape from Buzz Buzzard Park ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Woody Woodpecker in Crazy Castle 5 ( 2003 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other film / TV appearances </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Destination Moon ( 1950 ) </Li> <Li> Psycho III ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> From the Earth to the Moon ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Son of the Mask ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> `` Homer Simpson , This Is Your Wife '' ( 2006 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related personnel </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walter Lantz Productions <Ul> <Li> Universal Cartoon Studios </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Kent Rogers </Li> <Li> Ben Hardaway </Li> <Li> Mel Blanc </Li> <Li> Grace Stafford </Li> <Li> Alex Lovy </Li> <Li> Shamus Culhane </Li> <Li> Dick Lundy </Li> <Li> Don Patterson </Li> <Li> Paul Smith </Li> <Li> List of Woody Woodpecker merchandise </Li> <Li> Woody Woodpecker ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Universal Animation Studios </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Direct - to - video feature films </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Universal Cartoon Studios </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Land Before Time II : The Great Valley Adventure ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> The Land Before Time III : The Time of the Great Giving ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> The Land Before Time IV : Journey Through the Mists ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> The Land Before Time V : The Mysterious Island ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Hercules and Xena -- The Battle for Mount Olympus ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> The Land Before Time VI : The Secret of Saurus Rock ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> An American Tail : The Treasure of Manhattan Island ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> An American Tail : The Mystery of the Night Monster ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> The Land Before Time VII : The Stone of Cold Fire ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> The Land Before Time VIII : The

The Woody the Woodpecker movie was filmed in

Where did they film woody the woodpecker movie?

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District courts of India - wikipedia <H1> District courts of India </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Coordinates : 22 ° 02 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 54 ′ 02 '' E  /  22.036 ° N 74.9005 ° E  / 22.036 ; 74.9005 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs attention from an expert in India or Politics . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject India or WikiProject Politics may be able to help recruit an expert . ( February 2009 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2007 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judiciary of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Law of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Administration ( show ) <Dl> <Dd> Ministry of Law and Justice <Dl> <Dd> Department of Legal Affairs </Dd> <Dd> Legislative Department </Dd> <Dd> Department of Justice </Dd> <Dd> Law Commission of India </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Civil courts ( show ) <Dl> <Dd> Supreme Court of India <Dl> <Dd> Chief Justice of India </Dd> <Dd> Judges of the supreme court </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> High courts in India <Dl> <Dd> Chief justices of high courts in India </Dd> <Dd> Judges of high courts </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> District courts / additional district judge 's courts </Dd> <Dd> Civil judge ( sr . division ) 's courts </Dd> <Dd> Civil judge ( jr . division ) 's courts </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Criminal courts ( show ) <Dl> <Dd> Supreme Court of India <Dl> <Dd> Chief Justice of India </Dd> <Dd> Judges of the supreme court </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> High courts in India <Dl> <Dd> Chief justices of high courts in India </Dd> <Dd> Judges of high courts </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> Session courts / courts of additional sessions judge </Dd> <Dd> Courts of assistant sessions judges </Dd> <Dd> Chief judicial magistrates <Dl> <Dd> Additional chief judicial magistrates </Dd> <Dd> Chief metropolitan magistrates </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> Judicial magistrate of first classs / metropolitan magistrates <Dl> <Dd> Special judicial magistrates </Dd> <Dd> Judicial magistrate of second classs </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Courts of executive magistrates ( show ) <Dl> <Dd> Divisional commissioners </Dd> <Dd> District magistrates </Dd> <Dd> Additional district magistrates </Dd> <Dd> Sub-divisional magistrates </Dd> <Dd> Special executive magistrates </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legal profession ( show ) <Dl> <Dd> Bar Council </Dd> <Dd> Attorney General of India </Dd> <Dd> Solicitor General of India </Dd> <Dd> Additional solicitors general </Dd> <Dd> Advocates in India </Dd> <Dd> All India Bar Examination </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legal education ( show ) <Dl> <Dd> Legal education in India <Dl> <Dd> Autonomous law schools in India </Dd> <Dd> List of law schools in India </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The District Courts ( Hindi : ज़िला न्यायालय ) of India are the district courts of the State governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases , population distribution in the district . They administer justice in India at a district level . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition of district courts </Li> <Li> 2 Appointment and removal </Li> <Li> 3 Jurisdiction </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition of district courts ( edit ) </H2> A court complex at Guntur <P> The highest court in each district is that of the District and Sessions Judge . This is the principal court of original civil jurisdiction besides the High Court of the State and which derives its jurisdiction in civil matters primarily from the code of civil procedure . The district court is also a court of Sessions when it exercises its jurisdiction on criminal matters under the Code of Criminal procedure . The district court is presided over by one District Judge appointed by the state Governor with on the advice of state chief justice In addition to the district judge there may be a number of Additional District Judges and Assistant District Judges depending on the workload . The Additional District Judge and the court presided have equivalent jurisdiction as the District Judge and his district court . </P> <P> However , the district judge has supervisory control over Additional and Assistant District Judges , including decisions on the allocation of work among them . The District and Sessions judge is often referred to as `` district judge '' when he presides over civil matters and `` sessions judge '' when he presides over criminal matters . Being the highest judge at district level , the District Judge also enjoys the power to manage the state funds allocated for the development of judiciary in the district . </P> <P> The district judge is also called `` metropolitan session judge '' when he is presiding over a district court in a city which is designated `` metropolitan area '' by the state . Other courts subordinated to district court in the metropolitan area are also referred to with `` metropolitan '' prefixed to the usual designation . An area is designated a metropolitan area by the concerned state Government if population of the area exceeds one million or more than that . </P> <H2> Appointment and removal ( edit ) </H2> <P> The judges of subordinate courts are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the chief justice of the High Court of the concerned State . A minimum of seven years of practise as a lawyer at bar is a necessary qualification for direct entry level to become a District Judge upon a written examination and oral interview by a committee of High court judges , the appointment of district judges is notified by the state Government . This is referred to as direct recruitment . District judges are also appointed by way of elevation of judges from courts subordinate to district courts provided they fulfill the minimum years of service but unfortunately the entry level district judge exams have caused the judges on the lower rungs of the Judiciary to become lax as their chances of filling up posts for the work they had done may never fructify to promotions because of posts later being filled up by lawyers directly becoming district judges . </P> <P> The next level of ascendancy for a district judge who served sufficient number of years is the post of High court judge . High court Judges are usually appointed from a pool of advocates practicing at the Bar of the High court and District Judges who served for sufficient number of years . This has also caused District Judges to wane in their efficiency as they have come to realize that elevation of lawyers directly to High Court Judges dampens their process of being awarded with promotions for the work they 've put in over many years of service . </P> <P> A district judge or Additional judge may be removed from his office by the governor on conformation from the high court collegiam . </P> <H2> Jurisdiction ( edit ) </H2> <P> The District Court or Additional District court exercises jurisdiction both on original side and appellate side in civil and criminal matters arising in the District . The territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction in civil matters is usually set in concerned state enactments on the subject of civil courts . On the criminal side , jurisdiction is exclusively derived from the criminal procedure code . As per this code the maximum sentence a Sessions Judge of district court may award to a convict is capital punishment . </P> <P> The district court has appellate jurisdiction over all subordinate courts situated in the district on both civil and criminal matters . Subordinate courts , on the civil side ( in ascending order ) are , Junior Civil Judge ( JCJ ) Court , Principal Junior Civil Judge Court , Senior Civil Judge Court ( also called sub-court ) . Subordinate courts , on the criminal side ( in ascending order ) are , Second Class Judicial Magistrate Court , First Class Judicial Magistrate Court , Chief Judicial Magistrate Court . </P> <P> Certain matters on criminal side or civil side can not be tried by a lesser court than a district court . This gives the District Court original jurisdiction in such matters . </P> <P> Appeals from the district courts lie to the High Court of the concerned state . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> District Munsiff Court </Li> <Li> Sessions Court </Li> <Li> Delhi District Courts </Li> <Li> Nyaya Panchayat </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` District Courts of India - official website '' . Archived from the original on January 22 , 2013 . Retrieved March 16 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CrPc - Section 10 - Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges '' . indiankanoon.org . Retrieved March 16 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CrPc Section 8 - Metropolitan areas '' . indiankanoon.org . Retrieved March 16 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/JCJ-selection-plea-seeking-review-of-HC-order-dismissed/article13974437.ece </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> District Court websites </Li> <Li> E-courts India </Li> <Li> District Courts of India , official website </Li> <Li> Delhi District Courts , official website </Li> <Li> Maharashtra District Courts , official website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Judiciary of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Supreme Court </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Supreme Court of India </Li> <Li> Chief Justice of India </Li> <Li> List of Chief Justices of India </Li> <Li> List of sitting judges </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> High Courts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> High Courts of India </Li> <Li> Chief Justices of High Courts of India </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> District Courts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> District Courts of India </Li> <Li> List of district courts of India </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judicial Magistrate of First Class </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class </Li> <Li> Gram Nyayalayas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judicial Magistrate of Second Class </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Courts of Judicial Magistrate of Second Class </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Constitution </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Constitution of India </Li> <Li> Law of India </Li> <Li> Indian Penal Code </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appointment of Judges </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> National Judicial Appointments Commission </Li> <Li> Collegium System </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=District_Courts_of_India&oldid=831671446 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Judiciary of India </Li> <Li> District Courts of India </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> <Li> Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter </Li> <Li> Articles needing expert attention from February 2009 </Li> <Li> All articles needing expert attention </Li> <Li> India articles needing expert attention </Li> <Li> Politics articles needing expert attention </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from July 2007 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The highest criminal court in a district is presided over by

Who presides over the highest criminal court in a district?

6160560751326098110

How Long ( Ace song ) - wikipedia <H1> How Long ( Ace song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see How Long ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` How Long '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Ace </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Five - A-Side </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Sniffin ' About '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 1975 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' Vinyl </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Soft rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Anchor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Paul Carrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Anthony </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ace singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` How Long '' ( 1975 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Ai n't Gonna Stand For This '' ( 1975 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` How Long '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Ai n't Gonna Stand For This '' ( 1975 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` How Long '' is a 1974 song by the British group Ace from their album Five - A-Side . It reached No. 3 in the US and Canadian charts , and No. 20 in the UK Singles Chart . </P> <P> Although widely interpreted as being about adultery , the song was in fact composed by lead singer Paul Carrack upon discovering that bassist Terry Comer had been secretly working with the Sutherland Brothers and Quiver . Comer returned to Ace in time to play on the song . </P> <P> The guitar solo is by Alan `` Bam '' King . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chart history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 1.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Covers <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Charting versions </Li> <Li> 2.2 Other versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Chart history ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1975 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1975 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Covers ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Charting versions ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lipps Inc. recorded a cover in 1981 that reached No. 4 on the U.S. dance chart , No. 29 on the U.S. soul singles chart , and No. 42 in Canada . </P> <P> Rod Stewart , also in 1981 , recorded a version that charted in the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100 . It was included on his album Tonight I 'm Yours It </P> <P> In 1993 , British reggae group Aswad and singer Yazz covered the song which reached No. 31 in the UK Singles Chart , from Yazz 's 1994 album One on One . </P> <H3> Other versions ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following artists have also recorded cover versions of `` How Long '' : </P> <Ul> <Li> Bobby Womack , on the 1976 album Home Is Where the Heart Is </Li> <Li> Barbara Mandrell recorded a country / disco version on the 1977 album Love 's Ups and Downs </Li> <Li> Barbara Dickson , on the 1989 album Coming Alive Again </Li> <Li> Paul Carrack , on the 1996 album Blue Views </Li> <Li> Smooth jazz artists Jeff Golub and Brian Auger , on their 2013 album Train Keeps A Rolling , with vocals by Christopher Cross </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomas , Stephen . `` How Long - Ace : Listen , Appearances , Song Review '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 10 January 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How Long - Ace `` . Toponehitwonders.com. 21 May 2011 . Retrieved 10 January 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 13 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ace Biography , Albums , & Streaming Radio '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Classic Music Hits from the ' 50s through Today '' . Timelife.com . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Biography by Eugene Chadbourne ( 1946 - 09 - 18 ) . `` Alan `` Bam '' King Biography & History `` . AllMusic . Retrieved 10 January 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Forum - 1970 ( ARIA Charts : Special Occasion Charts ) '' . Australian-charts.com . Archived from the original on 2016 - 10 - 20 . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Singles : Issue 3969a . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dutchcharts.nl -- Ace -- How Long '' ( in Dutch ) . Single Top 100 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ace : Artist Chart History '' . Official Charts Company . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` '' Ace -- Chart history '' Billboard Hot 100 for Ace `` . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 1993 ) . Top Adult Contemporary : 1961 -- 1993 . Record Research . p. 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles , May 31 , 1975 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . collectionscanada.gc.ca . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cash Box Year - End Charts : Top 100 Pop Singles , December 27 , 1975 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Steve Huey . `` Lipps , Inc . Awards '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine ( 1945 - 01 - 10 ) . `` Rod Stewart Awards '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Search Help '' . Google.com. 1970 - 01 - 01 . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 613 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Yazz - One On One '' . Discogs.com . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jason Ankeny . `` Home Is Where the Heart Is - Bobby Womack Songs , Reviews , Credits '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Love 's Ups and Downs - Barbara Mandrell Songs , Reviews , Credits '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Barbara Dickson - Coming Alive Again ( CD , Album ) '' . Discogs.com . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine . `` Blue Views - Paul Carrack Songs , Reviews , Credits '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thom Jurek ( 2013 - 08 - 13 ) . `` Train Keeps a Rolling - Jeff Golub , Brian Auger Songs , Reviews , Credits '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 06 - 11 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Lipps Inc . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Steven Greenberg </Li> <Li> Cynthia Johnson </Li> <Li> Melanie Rosales </Li> <Li> Margaret Cox </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mouth to Mouth ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> Pucker Up ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Designer Music ( 1981 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Funkytown '' </Li> <Li> `` How Long '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book : Lipps Inc . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=How_Long_(Ace_song)&oldid=819313996 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1974 singles </Li> <Li> 1977 singles </Li> <Li> 1981 singles </Li> <Li> Aswad ( band ) songs </Li> <Li> Barbara Mandrell songs </Li> <Li> Lipps Inc. songs </Li> <Li> Rod Stewart songs </Li> <Li> British soft rock songs </Li> <Li> Debut singles </Li> <Li> Yazz songs </Li> <Li> 1974 songs </Li> <Li> Anchor Records singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Paul Carrack </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use dmy dates from August 2014 </Li> <Li> Use British English from August 2014 </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Dutch100 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for UKsinglesbyname </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Português </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 January 2018 , at 18 : 03 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "How Long Has This Been Going On" was sung by

Who sang how long has this been going on song?

-8858067623629853095

Aftermath of World war II - wikipedia <H1> Aftermath of World war II </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alphabetical indices </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z </Li> <Li> 0 -- 9 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Navigation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Campaigns </Li> <Li> Countries </Li> <Li> Equipment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Lists </Li> <Li> Outline </Li> <Li> Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Portal </Li> <Li> Category </Li> <Li> Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Timelines of World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chronological </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prelude <Ul> <Li> ( in Asia </Li> <Li> in Europe ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1941 </Li> <Li> 1942 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> By topic </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Diplomacy </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Engagements </Li> <Li> Operations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Battle of Europe air operations </Li> <Li> Eastern Front </Li> <Li> Manhattan Project </Li> <Li> United Kingdom home front </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of the old great powers and the rise of two superpowers : the Soviet Union ( USSR ) and the United States of America ( USA ) . Allied during World War II , the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War , so called because it never resulted in overt , declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage , political subversion and proxy wars . Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually an `` Iron Curtain '' . Europe was divided into a US - led Western Bloc and a Soviet - led Eastern Bloc . Internationally , alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted , with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement . The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers ; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a `` hot '' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other , leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff . </P> <P> As a consequence of the war , the Allies created the United Nations , an organization for international cooperation and diplomacy , similar to the League of Nations . Members of the United Nations agreed to outlaw wars of aggression in an attempt to avoid a third world war . The devastated great powers of Western Europe formed the European Coal and Steel Community , which later evolved into the European Common Market and ultimately into the current European Union . This effort primarily began as an attempt to avoid another war between Germany and France by economic cooperation and integration , and a common market for important natural resources . </P> <P> The end of the war also increased the rate of decolonization from the great powers with independence being granted to India ( from the United Kingdom ) , Indonesia ( from the Netherlands ) , the Philippines ( from the US ) and a number of Arab nations , primarily from specific rights which had been granted to great powers from League of Nations Mandates in the post World War I - era but often having existed de facto well before this time . Also related to this was Israel gaining independence from its previous status as part of Mandatory Palestine in the years immediately following the war . Independence for the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa came more slowly . </P> <P> The aftermath of World War II also saw the rise of communist influence in Southeast Asia , with the People 's Republic of China , as the Chinese Communists emerged victorious from the Chinese Civil War in 1949 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Immediate effects <Ul> <Li> 1.1 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 1.2 Soviet Union </Li> <Li> 1.3 Germany </Li> <Li> 1.4 Italy </Li> <Li> 1.5 Austria </Li> <Li> 1.6 Japan </Li> <Li> 1.7 Finland </Li> <Li> 1.8 The Baltic states </Li> <Li> 1.9 Population displacement <Ul> <Li> 1.9. 1 Poland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.10 Rape during occupation <Ul> <Li> 1.10. 1 In Europe </Li> <Li> 1.10. 2 In Japan </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Post-war tensions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Europe </Li> <Li> 2.2 Asia <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 China </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Korea </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Malaya </Li> <Li> 2.2. 4 French Indochina </Li> <Li> 2.2. 5 Dutch East Indies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Covert operations and espionage </Li> <Li> 2.4 Recruitment of former enemy scientists </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Demise of the League of Nations and the founding of the United Nations </Li> <Li> 4 Unresolved conflicts </Li> <Li> 5 Economic aftermath </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Immediate effects ( edit ) </H2> Warsaw : Aftermath of war . <P> At the end of the war , millions of people were dead and millions homeless , the European economy had collapsed , and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed . The Soviet Union , too , had been heavily affected . In response , in 1947 , U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the `` European Recovery Program '' , which became known as the Marshall Plan . Under the plan , during 1948 -- 1952 the United States government allocated US $13 billion ( US $139 billion in 2016 dollars ) for the reconstruction of Western Europe . </P> <H3> United Kingdom ( edit ) </H3> <P> By the end of the war , the economy of the United Kingdom was one of severe privation . More than a quarter of its national wealth had been consumed . Until the introduction in 1941 of Lend - Lease aid from the US , the UK had been spending its assets to purchase American equipment including aircraft and ships -- over £ 437 million on aircraft alone . Lend - lease came just before its reserves were exhausted . Britain had placed 55 % of its total labor force into war production . </P> <P> In spring 1945 , the Labour Party withdrew from the wartime coalition government , in an effort to oust Winston Churchill , forcing a general election . Following a landslide victory , Labour held more than 60 % of the seats in the House of Commons and formed a new government on 26 July 1945 under Clement Attlee . </P> <P> Britain 's war debt was described by some in the American administration as a `` millstone round the neck of the British economy '' . Although there were suggestions for an international conference to tackle the issue , in August 1945 the U.S. announced unexpectedly that the Lend - Lease programme was to end immediately . </P> <P> The abrupt withdrawal of American Lend Lease support to Britain on 2 September 1945 dealt a severe blow to the plans of the new government . It was only with the completion of the Anglo - American loan by the United States to Great Britain on 15 July 1946 that some measure of economic stability was restored . However , the loan was made primarily to support British overseas expenditure in the immediate post-war years and not to implement the Labour government 's policies for domestic welfare reforms and the nationalisation of key industries . Although the loan was agreed on reasonable terms , its conditions included what proved to be damaging fiscal conditions for Sterling . From 1946 - 1948 , the UK introduced bread rationing which it never did during the war . </P> <H3> Soviet Union ( edit ) </H3> Ruins in Stalingrad , typical of the destruction in many Soviet cities . <P> The Soviet Union suffered enormous losses in the war against Germany . The Soviet population decreased by about 27 million during the war ; of these , 8.7 million were combat deaths . The 19 million non-combat deaths had a variety of causes : starvation in the siege of Leningrad ; conditions in German prisons and concentration camps ; mass shootings of civilians ; harsh labour in German industry ; famine and disease ; conditions in Soviet camps ; and service in German or German - controlled military units fighting the Soviet Union . The population would not return to its pre-war level for 30 years . </P> <P> Soviet ex-POWs and civilians repatriated from abroad were suspected of having been Nazi collaborators , and 226,127 of them were sent to forced labour camps after scrutiny by Soviet intelligence , NKVD . Many ex-POWs and young civilians were also conscripted to serve in the Red Army . Others worked in labour battalions to rebuild infrastructure destroyed during the war . </P> <P> The economy had been devastated . Roughly a quarter of the Soviet Union 's capital resources were destroyed , and industrial and agricultural output in 1945 fell far short of pre-war levels . To help rebuild the country , the Soviet government obtained limited credits from Britain and Sweden ; it refused assistance offered by the United States under the Marshall Plan . Instead , the Soviet Union compelled Soviet - occupied Eastern Europe to supply machinery and raw materials . Germany and former Nazi satellites made reparations to the Soviet Union . The reconstruction programme emphasised heavy industry to the detriment of agriculture and consumer goods . By 1953 , steel production was twice its 1940 level , but the production of many consumer goods and foodstuffs was lower than it had been in the late 1920s . </P> <P> The immediate post-war period in Europe was dominated by the Soviet Union annexing , or converting into Soviet Socialist Republics , all the countries captured by the Red Army driving the German invaders out of central and eastern Europe . New Soviet satellite states rose in Poland , Bulgaria , Hungary , Czechoslovakia , Romania , Albania , and East Germany ; the last of these was created from the Soviet zone of occupation in Germany . Yugoslavia emerged as an independent Communist state allied but not aligned with the Soviet Union , owing to the independent nature of the military victory of the Partisans of Josip Broz Tito during World War II in Yugoslavia . The Allies established the Far Eastern Commission and Allied Council for Japan to administer their occupation of that country while the establishment Allied Control Council , administered occupied Germany . In accordance with the Potsdam Conference agreements , the Soviet Union occupied and subsequently annexed the strategic island of Sakhalin . </P> <H3> Germany ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : History of Germany ( 1945 -- 1990 ) , Forced labor of Germans after World War II , Morgenthau Plan , Industrial plans for Germany , Denazification , Territorial changes of Germany after World War II , Legal status of Germany , and German reparations for World War II Post-WWII occupation zones of Germany , in its 1937 borders , with territories east of the Oder - Neisse line shown as annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union , plus the Saar protectorate and divided Berlin . East Germany was formed by the Soviet Zone , while West Germany was formed by the American , British , and French zones in 1949 and the Saar in 1957 . <P> In the west , Alsace

One of the significant economic effects of World War II was that

What was an economic effect of world war ii?

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. </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Season 1 </Li> <Li> 1.2 Season 2 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Reception </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Episodes </H2> <H3> Season 1 </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Earth Is a Hot Mess '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> Nominated for the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards </Li> </Ul> <P> Bill discusses climate change . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Karlie Kloss </Li> <Li> Guests : Zach Braff , Desiigner </Li> <Li> Panelists : Mark Jacobson , Richard Martin , Taryn O'Neill </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Tune Your Quack - o - Meter '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill debunks alternative medicine . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Joanna Hausmann </Li> <Li> Guests : Steve Aoki , Prashanth Venkat </Li> <Li> Panelists : Chris Beedie , Cara Santa Maria , Donald Schultz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Machines Take Over the World '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses artificial intelligence . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Derek Muller </Li> <Li> Guests : Neil deGrasse Tyson ( voice ) , Saqib Shaik , Margaret Mitchell </Li> <Li> Panelists : Ryan Calo , Xeni Jardin , Subbarao Kambhampati </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` More Food , Less Hype '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses genetically modified organisms . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Derek Muller </Li> <Li> Panelists : Robb Fraley , Fred Gould , Julie Kennye </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` The Original Martian Invasion '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses the theory of panspermia . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Derek Muller </Li> <Li> Guests : Alton Brown , Rachel Bloom , Randy Couture , Hunter Pence </Li> <Li> Panelists : Moogega Cooper Stricker , Hakeem M. Oluseyi , Wil Wheaton </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` Do Some Shots , Save the World '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses vaccinations . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Emily Calandrelli </Li> <Li> Guests : Diedrich Bader , Jim O'Heir , John O'Hurley , Prashanth Venkat , George Wendt </Li> <Li> Panelists : Lanre Falusi , Kristen Omeara , Jennifer Reich </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> `` Cheat Codes for Reality '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses playing games . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : Derek Muller , Nazeem Hussain </Li> <Li> Guests : Gus Sorola , Geoff Ramsey </Li> <Li> Panelists : Hilarie Cash , Shawn Green , Jonna Mae </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> `` This Diet Is Bananas '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses diets . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Karlie Kloss </Li> <Li> Guests : Martin Starr , Aubrey Anderson - Emmons , Lauren Ash , Jeff Dye , Heather McDonald , Andi Osho </Li> <Li> Panelists : Sara Benincasa , Traci Mann , Jennifer Widerstrom </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> `` The Sexual Spectrum '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> Nominated for the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards </Li> </Ul> <P> Bill discusses sex . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Derek Muller </Li> <Li> Guests : Rachel Bloom , Todd Barry , Sandra Bernhard , Matt Lucas , Mario Cantone , Margaret Cho , Cameron Esposito , Prashanth Venkat </Li> <Li> Panelists : Solomon Georgio , Katrina Karkazis , Jeff McCune </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> `` Saving the World -- with Space ! '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses space exploration . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Emily Calandrelli </Li> <Li> Guests : Joel McHale , Diamond Stone , Roman Duponte </Li> <Li> Panelists : Chris Lewicki , Michelle Thaller , George T. Whitesides </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> `` Malarkey ! '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill debunks extrasensory perception . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondent : Karlie Kloss </Li> <Li> Guests : Donald Faison </Li> <Li> Panelists : Jamila Bey , Timothy Caulfield , Sam Reynolds </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> `` Designer Babies '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses designer babies . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : Karlie Kloss , Nazeem Hussain </Li> <Li> Guests : Tim Gunn </Li> <Li> Panelists : Camille Hammond , Leslie Hinkson , Paul Knoepfler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> `` Earth 's People Problem '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses human overpopulation . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : Emily Calandrelli , Joanna Hausmann </Li> <Li> Panelists : Nerys Benfield , Travis Rieder , Rachel Snow </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 2 </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> `` The Marijuana Episode '' </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses marijuana . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : Derek Muller </Li> <Li> Panelists : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> `` Your Computer Is Under Attack '' </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses computer viruses , malware , and related cyber attacks . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : Karlie Kloss </Li> <Li> Panelists : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> `` We Suck at Sleeping '' </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses sleep . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : </Li> <Li> Panelists : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> `` Sex , Drugs and Superbugs '' </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses superbugs . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : </Li> <Li> Panelists : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> `` Extinction : Why All Our Friends Are Dying '' </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses extinction and de-extinction . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : </Li> <Li> Panelists : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> `` How to Travel Through Time '' </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> Bill discusses time travel and gravity waves . </P> <Ul> <Li> Correspondents : </Li> <Li> Panelists : </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Reception </H2> <P> Bill Nye Saves the World received mixed - to - positive reviews from critics and audiences . The show has an aggregate rating of 63 / 100 based on 5 reviews from Metacritic and a Rotten Tomatoes score of 75 % based on 8 reviews , with an average rating of 7 / 10 . The performance segments of the show have been the focus of criticism . In particular , Rachel Bloom 's performance in episode 9 has been described as `` strange '' and `` out of place '' . Conversely , NPR 's Fresh Air said the show is `` fun to watch , '' working well with Nye 's `` consistent reliance on scientific and provable facts . '' Vox praised Nye 's unapologetic talking style , though worried this may alienate some viewers . </P> <H2> References </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Prudom , Laura ( August 31 , 2016 ) . `` Bill Nye Lands Netflix Talk Show '' . Variety . Retrieved September 3 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bill Nye Saves the World '' . Netflix . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Moraes , Lisa de ( August 31 , 2016 ) . `` Netflix Orders Talk Show ' Bill Nye Saves The World ' '' . Deadline . Retrieved September 3 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bill Nye Saves the World - Correspondent Announcement - Netflix '' on YouTube </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Harwood , Erika ( October 14 , 2016 ) . `` Karlie Kloss Is Teaming Up with Bill Nye '' . Vanity Fair . Retrieved February 8 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mae , Jonna ( @ themissesmae ) ( April 21 , 2017 ) . `` OMG IT 'S FINALLY OUT ! Check out EP7 of @ BillNyeSaves ( Bill Nye Saves The World ) on @ netflix '' ( Tweet ) . Retrieved April 21 , 2017 -- via Twitter . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Ryan ; Schwartz , Ryan ( February 8 , 2017 ) . `` Bill Nye Saves the World Gets Netflix Premiere Date , Star - Studded Trailer '' . TVLine . Retrieved February 8 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tyler , The Creator Did the Theme Song For Bill Nye 's Netflix Show Pitchfork '' . pitchfork.com . Retrieved April 16 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Bill Nye Saves the World ' Renewed for Season 2 on Netflix '' . variety.com. 15 June 2017 . Retrieved 16 June 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hammond , Pete ; Hipes , Patrick ( July 13 , 2017 ) . `` Emmy Awards Nominations : ' Westworld ' , ' This Is Us ' , ' Stranger Things ' , ' Atlanta ' Lead Diverse List '' . Deadline . Retrieved August 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bill Nye Saves the World will be back for a second season '' . The Verge. 15 June 2017 . Retrieved 18 June 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Bill Nye 's new Netflix show is being torn apart for the same reasons that made it great '' . Polygon. 26 April 2017 . Retrieved 18 June 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bill Nye Saves the World '' . Metacritic . Retrieved May 10 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rotten Tomatoes page for Bill Nye Saves the World . Retrieved on May 9 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ David Bianculli ( April 19 , 2017 ) . `` ' Fargo ' and Bill Nye Make Promising Returns to the Small Screen '' . Fresh Air . NPR . Retrieved May 7 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Aja Romano ( April 21 , 2017 ) . `` Bill Nye Saves the World brings us an updated , unapologetically political science guy '' . Vox . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bill Nye Saves the World on Netflix </Li> <Li> Bill Nye Saves the World on IMDb </Li> <Li> Bill Nye Saves the World on Rotten Tomatoes </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide )

Bill Nye Saves the World Season 2 was released on

When does bill nye saves the world season 2 come out?

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Half - pipe skiing - wikipedia <H1> Half - pipe skiing </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Spinning in Superpipe <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Half - pipe skiing at the World Skiing Invitational </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Highest governing body </Th> <Td> International Ski Federation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Presence </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Olympic </Th> <Td> 2014 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Half - pipe skiing is the sport of riding snow skis on a half - pipe . Competitors perform a series of tricks while going down the pipe . The current world record for highest jump in a half - pipe is held by Joffrey Pollet - Villard , with 26 feet 3 inches ( 8.00 metres ) . The sport is considered to be dangerous compared to other sports , and helmets are required to be worn during competitions . Half - pipe skiing has been part of the Winter X Games since 2002 , and made its Olympic debut at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia . David Wise of the United States of America became the first Olympic champion in this discipline with a total of 92.00 points . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Competitions </Li> <Li> 2 Superpipe skiing </Li> <Li> 3 Safety concerns </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Competitions ( edit ) </H2> <P> Half - pipe skiing was formally endorsed by the International Ski Federation in June 2010 , and was approved by the International Olympic Committee in April 2011 to be an official sport 2014 Olympic Games in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia . It has been a part of the Winter Dew Tour , the World Skiing Invitational , and the inaugural 2012 Winter Youth Olympics . The current world record for the highest half - pipe ski jump was set in 2015 , and is held by Joffrey Pollet - Villard with 26 feet and 3 inches ( 8.00 metres ) . </P> <H2> Superpipe skiing ( edit ) </H2> <P> Superpipe skiing is an alternate form of half - pipe skiing that utilizes a superpipe ( large halfpipe used in extreme sports ) , instead of a half - pipe . It has been a part of the Winter X Games since 2002 . The 2012 Winter X Games champion was David Wise with a high score of 93.00 . </P> <H2> Safety concerns ( edit ) </H2> <P> Half - pipe skiing is considered to be a dangerous sport compared to other forms of skiing . In January 2012 , Sarah Burke died due to injuries suffered during a training accident . Helmets are required during competition , and there are airbags on the sides of pipes during practice runs . Colorado governor Bill Owens signed a law which protected ski - resorts from injury - related lawsuits . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics </Li> <Li> Winter X Games </Li> <Li> Freestyle skiing </Li> <Li> Aerial skiing </Li> <Li> Mogul skiing </Li> <Li> Ski ballet </Li> <Li> Ski cross </Li> <Li> Slopestyle </Li> <Li> List of skiing topics </Li> <Li> Vert skating </Li> <Li> Half - pipe </Li> <Li> Superpipe </Li> <Li> Alpine skiing </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : http://freeskier.com/videos/watch-joffrey-pollet-villard-breaks-world-record-ski-superpipe-high-air </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://olympics.cbc.ca/news/article/article=men-freestyle-skiing-halfpipe.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.sochi2014.com/en/freestyle-skiing-schedule-and-results </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Symms , John . `` FIS endorses Ski Halfpipe for Olympics -- ESPN '' . Espn.go.com . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 04 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` IOC approves ski Halfpipe for 2014 Winter Olympics ; postpones decision on Ski and Snowboard Slopestyle -- ESPN '' . Sports.espn.go.com. 2011 - 04 - 06 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 04 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2012 Winter Dew Tour Snowbasin freeski coverage -- ESPN '' . Espn.go.com. 2012 - 02 - 11 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` AFP World Championships starts Thursday in Whistler - ESPN '' . Espn.go.com. 2012 - 04 - 19 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` World Skiing Invitational coming to Whistler this week - ESPN '' . Espn.go.com. 2011 - 04 - 24 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Innsbruck 2012 . `` Freestyle Skiing '' . Innsbruck 2012 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 04 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2011 Winter X Games preview : Men 's Ski SuperPipe - ESPN '' . Espn.go.com. 2011 - 01 - 28 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 04 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bien , Louis ( 2012 - 01 - 28 ) . `` Winter X Games 2012 , Men 's Ski SuperPipe Final : David Wise Takes Home The Gold '' . SBNation.com . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ powder.com published : January 28 , 2012 ( 2012 - 01 - 28 ) . `` Men 's Halfpipe Finals POWDER Magazine '' . Powdermag.com . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Robert J. Johnson ; Jasper E. Shealy ; T. Yamagishi ( 1 January 2006 ) . Skiing Trauma and Safety . ASTM International . pp. 22 -- . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8031 - 3400 - 3 . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Keh , Andrew ( 2012 - 01 - 19 ) . `` Sarah Burke , Canadian Freestyle Skier , Dies of Injuries '' . NYTimes.com . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 04 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Canadian skier Sarah Burke dies from injuries sustained in superpipe accident '' . Fox News . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Skiing . October 2004 . p. 38 . ISSN 0037 - 6264 . Retrieved 9 November 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> wiki.fis-ski.com - The resource of information and knowledge on Freestyle Skiing , Ski Jumping , FIS World Ski Championships , FIS Leaders Seminar , FIS Ladies Seminar </Li> <Li> fisfreestyle.com FIS Freestyle News , Calendar , Rules and Results </Li> <Li> www.freestyleski.com - The official site of the Canadian Freestyle Ski Association . Your source for moguls , aerials , halfpipe and slopestyle skiing in Canada . </Li> <Li> History of Freestyle - The history of freestyle skiing . </Li> <Li> Freestyle Ski Disciplines - Freestyle skiing disciplines explained . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Skiing and snowboarding </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> History of skiing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nordic skiing </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Competitive </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cross-country skiing <Ul> <Li> Paralympic </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ski jumping <Ul> <Li> Ski flying </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Nordic combined </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Endurance </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ski marathon </Li> <Li> Ski orienteering </Li> <Li> Ski touring </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recreational </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cross-country skiing </Li> <Li> Backcountry skiing </Li> <Li> Roller skiing </Li> <Li> Skijoring </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alpine skiing </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Olympic disciplines </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Slalom </Li> <Li> Giant slalom </Li> <Li> Super-G </Li> <Li> Downhill </Li> <Li> Combined </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other disciplines </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Extreme skiing </Li> <Li> Glade skiing </Li> <Li> Heliskiing </Li> <Li> Para-alpine skiing </Li> <Li> Speed skiing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other skiing </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Biathlon </Li> <Li> Indoor skiing </Li> <Li> Night skiing </Li> <Li> Ski archery </Li> <Li> Ski mountaineering </Li> <Li> Telemark skiing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Freestyle skiing </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aerial skiing </Li> <Li> Freeriding </Li> <Li> Freeskiing </Li> <Li> Half - pipe skiing </Li> <Li> Mogul </Li> <Li> Ski ballet </Li> <Li> Ski cross </Li> <Li> Slopestyle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Snowboarding </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alpine </Li> <Li> Backcountry </Li> <Li> Big air </Li> <Li> Freeriding </Li> <Li> Freestyle </Li> <Li> Half - pipe </Li> <Li> Slopestyle </Li> <Li> Snowboard racing </Li> <Li> Snowboard cross </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Technique / learning </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carved turn </Li> <Li> Jump turn </Li> <Li> Parallel turn </Li> <Li> Pivot turn </Li> <Li> Snowplough </Li> <Li> Stem christie </Li> <Li> Ski school </Li> <Li> Ski simulator </Li> <Li> Snowboard tricks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equipment / venues </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bindings </Li> <Li> Boots </Li> <Li> Half - pipe <Ul> <Li> Superpipe </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Helmet </Li> <Li> Monoski </Li> <Li> Poles </Li> <Li> Skins </Li> <Li> Skis </Li> <Li> Snowboard </Li> <Li> Suit </Li> <Li> Wax </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resorts / amenities </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chairlift </Li> <Li> Dry ski slope </Li> <Li> Gondola lift </Li> <Li> Piste </Li> <Li> Ski lift </Li> <Li> Ski tunnel </Li> <Li> Snow grooming </Li> <Li> Snowmaking </Li> <Li> Surface lift </Li> <Li> Trail </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Category : Skiing </Li> <Li> Category : Snowboarding </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Half-pipe_skiing&oldid=826734558 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Types of skiing </Li> <Li> Winter sports </Li> <Li> Freestyle skiing </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 20 February 2018 , at 18 : 49 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Skiing halfpipe became an Olympic event in

When did skiing halfpipe become an olympic event?

-4902262571850248372

The Princess Bride ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> The Princess Bride ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Princess Bride </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Rob Reiner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Scheinman </Li> <Li> Rob Reiner </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> William Goldman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Princess Bride by William Goldman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cary Elwes </Li> <Li> Mandy Patinkin </Li> <Li> Chris Sarandon </Li> <Li> Christopher Guest </Li> <Li> Wallace Shawn </Li> <Li> André the Giant </Li> <Li> Robin Wright </Li> <Li> Peter Falk </Li> <Li> Fred Savage </Li> <Li> Billy Crystal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Mark Knopfler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Adrian Biddle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Robert Leighton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Act III Communications </Li> <Li> Buttercup Films </Li> <Li> The Princess Bride Ltd . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 20th Century Fox ( North America ) </Li> <Li> Vestron Pictures ( International ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September 25 , 1987 ( 1987 - 09 - 25 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 98 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $16 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $30.9 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Princess Bride is a 1987 American romantic comedy fantasy adventure film directed and co-produced by Rob Reiner , starring Cary Elwes , Robin Wright , Mandy Patinkin , Chris Sarandon , Wallace Shawn , André the Giant , and Christopher Guest . Adapted by William Goldman from his 1973 novel of the same name , it tells the story of a farmhand named Westley , accompanied by befriended companions along the way , who must rescue his true love Princess Buttercup from the odious Prince Humperdinck . The film effectively preserves the novel 's narrative style by presenting the story as a book being read by a grandfather ( Peter Falk ) to his sick grandson ( Fred Savage ) . </P> <P> The film was first released in the United States on September 25 , 1987 , was well - received by critics at the time , but was a modest box office success . Over time , particularly with the introduction of the Internet , the film has become a cult classic . The film is number 50 on Bravo 's `` 100 Funniest Movies '' , number 88 on The American Film Institute 's ( AFI ) `` AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions '' list of the 100 greatest film love stories , and 46 in Channel 4 's 50 Greatest Comedy Films list . In 2016 , the film was inducted into the National Film Registry , being deemed as `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Framing story </Li> <Li> 2.2 Main story </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Legacy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Post-theatrical release </Li> <Li> 7 Adaptations </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film is an enactment of a book read to a sick boy -- who is initially dismissive of the story -- by his grandfather , with occasional interruptions of the scenes in this frame story . </P> <P> A beautiful young woman named Buttercup lives on a farm in the fictional country of Florin . Whenever she orders the farmhand Westley to do chores for her , he complies and answers , `` As you wish '' . She eventually realizes he loves her and admits her love for him . He leaves to seek his fortune so they can marry , but his ship is attacked by the Dread Pirate Roberts and Westley is believed dead . </P> <P> Five years later , Buttercup reluctantly agrees to marry Prince Humperdinck , heir to the throne of Florin . Before the wedding , she is kidnapped by three outlaws : a short Sicilian boss named Vizzini , a gigantic wrestler from Greenland named Fezzik , and a Spanish fencing master named Inigo Montoya , who seeks revenge against a six - fingered man who killed his father . The outlaws are pursued separately by a masked man in black and Prince Humperdinck with a complement of soldiers . </P> <P> The man in black catches up to the outlaws at the top of the Cliffs of Insanity . He defeats Inigo in a duel and knocks him unconscious , chokes Fezzik until he blacks out , and kills Vizzini by tricking him into drinking poison . He takes Buttercup prisoner and they flee , stopping to rest at the edge of a gorge . When Buttercup correctly guesses that he is the Dread Pirate Roberts , she becomes enraged at him for killing Westley ; distracted when Humperdinck and his men appear in the distance , she shoves him down the hill into the gorge and wishes death upon him . As he tumbles down , he shouts , `` As you wish ! '' Realizing he is Westley , she throws herself into the gorge after him and they are reunited . They pass through the dangerous Fire Swamp but are captured on the other side by Humperdinck and his sadistic six - fingered vizier Count Rugen . Buttercup agrees to return with Humperdinck in exchange for Westley 's release , but Humperdinck secretly orders Rugen to lock Westley in a forest torture chamber . </P> <P> When Buttercup expresses unhappiness at marrying Humperdinck , he promises to search for Westley ; however , his real plan is to start a war with the neighboring country of Guilder by killing Buttercup and framing Guilder for her death . Meanwhile , Inigo and Fezzik reunite when Humperdinck orders the thieves in the nearby forest arrested , and Fezzik tells Inigo about Rugen . Inigo decides that they need Westley 's help to get into the castle . Buttercup taunts Humperdinck after learning that he never tried to find Westley ; enraged , Humperdinck tortures Westley to death . When Inigo hears cries of anguish echo through the forest , he realizes they must be from Westley . Inigo and Fezzik find the dead Westley and bring him to a folk healer , Miracle Max ; he tells them that Westley is `` only mostly dead '' due to his love for Buttercup , and Max revives him to a state of heavy paralysis . </P> <P> After Westley , Inigo , and Fezzik invade the castle , Humperdinck panics and orders the wedding ceremony shortened . Inigo finds and kills Rugen in a duel , repeatedly taunting him with his greeting of vengeance : `` Hello , my name is Inigo Montoya . You killed my father . Prepare to die . '' Westley finds Buttercup , who is about to commit suicide , assuring her that the marriage is invalid because she never said `` I do . '' Still partly paralyzed , he bluffs his way out of a duel with Humperdinck . Westley rides away with Buttercup , Inigo , and Fezzik before sharing a passionate kiss with Buttercup . </P> <P> Back in the boy 's bedroom , the boy eagerly asks his grandfather to read the story to him again the next day , to which the grandfather replies , `` As you wish '' . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Framing story ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Peter Falk as Grandpa / The Narrator </Li> <Li> Fred Savage as The Grandson </Li> <Li> Betsy Brantley as The Mother </Li> </Ul> <H3> Main story ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cary Elwes as Westley / Dread Pirate Roberts / The Man in Black </Li> <Li> Robin Wright as Buttercup / The Princess Bride </Li> <Li> Chris Sarandon as Prince Humperdinck </Li> <Li> Mandy Patinkin as Inigo Montoya </Li> <Li> Christopher Guest as Count Tyrone Rugen </Li> <Li> André the Giant as Fezzik </Li> <Li> Wallace Shawn as Vizzini </Li> <Li> Billy Crystal as Miracle Max </Li> <Li> Carol Kane as Valerie , Max 's wife </Li> <Li> Peter Cook as The Impressive Clergyman </Li> <Li> Mel Smith as The Albino </Li> <Li> Margery Mason as The Ancient Booer </Li> <Li> Malcolm Storry as Yellin , a soldier of Florin </Li> <Li> Willoughby Gray as The King </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Rob Reiner , who had been enamored with Goldman 's book ever since he was given it as a gift from his father Carl Reiner , realized he wanted to make the film adaptation after successfully demonstrating his filmmaking skill with the release of This Is Spinal Tap in 1984 . During production of Stand by Me , released in 1986 , Reiner had spoken to an executive at Paramount Pictures regarding what his next film would be , and suggested the adaptation of The Princess Bride . He was told they could n't do that , leading Reiner to discover that several studios had previously attempted to bring Goldman 's book to the big screen without success . </P> <P> Among those previous attempts include 20th Century Fox , which paid Goldman $500,000 for the film rights and to do a screenplay in 1973 . Richard Lester was signed to direct and the movie was almost made , but the head of production at Fox was fired and the project was put on hiatus . Goldman subsequently bought back the film rights to the novel with his own money . Other directors had also attempted to adapt the book , including Francois Truffaut , Robert Redford , and Norman Jewison , and at one point , Christopher Reeve was interested in playing Westley in one planned adaption . However , Reiner had found success by gaining financial support from Norman Lear , who Reiner knew from All in the Family and who had funded production of This is Spinal Tap , with the production to be distributed by 20th Century Fox . Reiner worked closely with Goldman to adapt the book for the screenplay . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Reiner had quickly decided on Cary Elwes for Westley , based on his performance in Lady Jane . However , during the casting period in Los Angeles , Elwes was in Germany on set for Maschenka . Reiner flew out to Munich to meet with Elwes , confirming his appropriateness for the role . While Reiner and casting director Jane Jenkins auditioned other actors for Westley , they knew Elwes was perfect for the part . Elwes himself had read the book in his childhood and associated himself with the character of Westley , but never believed he would have the opportunity to play him . </P> <P> Robin Wright was cast late in the process , about a week prior to the start of filming ; Reiner and Jenkins had auditioned a number of English actresses but had not found their ideal Buttercup . Wright 's agent had heard of the casting call and encouraged Wright to audition . Though initially shy , Wright impressed Jenkins , and later Reiner . They invited Wright to come meet Goldman at his house .

The movie Princess Bride was released on

When did the movie princess bride come out?

8169291169016955760

</Th> <Td> Sandeep Vijay , Niraj Pandey Inder Das </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Neha Marda Varun Sharma Siddharth Arora Vibhav Roy Vikram Chatterjee Aadesh Chaudhary Manasi Salvi Gaurav Chopra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> Doli Armaano Ki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> Hindi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 482 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pearl Grey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jhansi Mumbai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 25 mins approx </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Spellbound Productions Walkwater Media Ltd . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Zee TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 576i ( SDTV ) 1080i ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> December 2 , 2013 ( 2013 - 12 - 02 ) -- September 25 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Official website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Doli Armaano Ki , ( International title : Lies of the Heart ) , was an Indian television drama series . which premiered on 2 December 2013 , and ran until 25 September 2015 . It aired on Zee TV Monday through Friday . </P> <P> The series has been revoiced in English , and will air on Zee World on DSTv channel 166 , and revoiced in Tamil as Kalyana Kanavugal ( lit . Marriage Dreams ) and will air on Polimer TV . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 International broadcast </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> It is the story of Urmi , a young girl who gets married to Samrat , an arrogant , male chauvinist and abusive husband . As the story progresses Urmi and Samrat have a child , Shaurya . Moving further Urmi walks out of her marriage with Samrat due to his infidelity and ends up as a successful independent woman . Later , Ishaan , who has been Urmi 's friend , confidant and lawyer , falls in love with her and they get married . </P> <P> Samrat , the abusive husband , comes back to take revenge on Urmi . In the process , Ishaan is killed while saving Samrat and later Samrat ends his life due to guilt . </P> <P> Moving 15 years forward , Shaurya is an upright honest reporter who runs a news agency . Diya works with Shaurya in the same agency . On a work assignment Diya is raped . Hereon begins the journey of Urmi , Shaurya and Diya . </P> <P> Over the years Urmi , with her courage , integrity and determination to fight for the right has become one of the most iconic characters on Zee TV . With this leap Urmi passes the baton she has been carrying to Shaurya . The story henceforth focuses on Shaurya and Diya and how Shaurya helps Diya , stand up for her , fights for her , supports her and eventually falls in love with her . Diya on her part fights for her rights , lives her life with her head held high and also eventually falls in love with Shaurya . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> Season 1 </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Neha Marda as Urmi Ishaan Sinha / Urmi Samrat Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Siddharth Arora / Vibhav Roy as Ishaan Anirudh Sinha </Li> <Li> Mohit Malik as Samrat Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Parvati Sehgal as Tani Samrat Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Avinash Wadhawan as Anirudh Sinha </Li> <Li> Kamya Punjabi as Damini Anirudh Sinha </Li> <Li> Ayesha Singh as Ratti Sinha </Li> <Li> Shashwita Sharma as Sandhiya Sinha </Li> <Li> Geeta Tyagi as Shashikala Rudra Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Hemant Thatte as Gaurav Devi Singh </Li> <Li> Anjali Mukhi as Saroj Devi Singh </Li> <Li> Sameeksha Sood as Asha Gaurav Singh </Li> <Li> Jayant Rawal as Devi Singh </Li> <Li> Mitansh Gera as Shaurya Samrat Singh Rathore / Shaurya Ishaan Sinha </Li> <Li> Shruti Kanwar as Radha </Li> <Li> Vikram Chatterjee as Yash Singhania </Li> <Li> Gaurav Rana as Diwakar Rudra Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Vibhuti Thakur as Kanchan Diwakar Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Jetendra as Rudra Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Anupam Shyam as Garjan Singh Rathore </Li> <Li> Amita Udgata as Gayatri Singh </Li> <Li> Guddi Maruti as Bua </Li> <Li> Snigdha Srivastava as Trisha ( Urmi 's cousin sister ) </Li> <Li> Manisha Thakkar as Rashmi Singh Rathore / Rashmi Gaurav Singh </Li> <Li> Mehendi Jain as Anushka Devi Singh </Li> <Li> Aadesh Chaudhary / Harsh Vashisht as Amrit Singh Chauhan </Li> <Li> Ragini Gakhar as Aditi Amrit Singh Chauhan </Li> <Li> Krishnam Sharma as Rahul </Li> <Li> Karan Mishra as Deepak </Li> <Li> Ayush Mehra as Ravi Darshan Tiwari </Li> <Li> Swati Nanda as Sanaya </Li> <Li> Mohit Shrivastava as Prathanesh Sharma </Li> <Li> Himani Shivpuri as Sushma Darshan Tiwari </Li> <Li> Raju Kher as Darshan Tiwari </Li> <Li> Keith Sequeira as James ( Blackmailer ) </Li> <Li> Neetha Shetty as Kiran ( Samrat 's love interest ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Season 2 </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Shahab Khan as Diya 's Father </Li> <Li> Manasi Salvi as Urmi Ishaan Sinha / Urmi Samrat Singh Rathode </Li> <Li> Kunal Karan Kapoor as Shaurya Ishaan Sinha / Shaurya Samrat Singh Rathode </Li> <Li> Neha Sargam as Diya Shaurya Sinha / Diya Shaurya Singh Rathode </Li> <Li> Kapil Arya as Karan </Li> <Li> Shashank Sethi as Cheeku </Li> <Li> Gaurav Chopra as Akash Kumar </Li> <Li> Avinash Wadhawan as Anirudh Sinha </Li> <Li> Kamya Punjabi as Damini Anirudh Sinha </Li> <Li> Nalini Negi as Ishaani Ishaan Sinha </Li> <Li> Mohit Shrivastava as Prathanesh Sharma </Li> </Ul> <H2> International broadcast ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Pakistan , it airs on Geo Kahani </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Vibhuti Thakur & Gaurav Rana in Doli Armaano Ki -- Times Of India '' . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013 - 11 - 12 . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Geeta Tyagi in Doli Armaano Ki -- Times Of India '' . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013 - 11 - 10 . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Zee TV announces the launch of ' Doli Armanon Ki ' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ZEE TV axes ' Punar Vivah ' for ' Doli Armaano Ki ' BizAsia UK The UK 's only Asian media news site '' . Media247.co.uk . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Doli Armaanon Ki : Episode Guide '' . ZeeTV . Zee TV . Retrieved 27 September 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Doli Armaanon Ki : Telly actors perform at Urmi - Samrat wedding '' . Times of India . 2013 - 12 - 31 . Retrieved 2013 - 12 - 31 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Official website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Programs currently broadcast by Zee TV </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soap operas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aap Ke Aa Jane Se </Li> <Li> Bhootu </Li> <Li> Kaliren </Li> <Li> Kumkum Bhagya </Li> <Li> Kundali Bhagya </Li> <Li> Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey </Li> <Li> Piyaa Albela </Li> <Li> Woh Apna Sa </Li> <Li> Zindagi Ki Mahek </Li> <Li> Ishq Subhan Allah </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reality shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dance India Dance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weekend shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fear Files </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lies_of_the_Heart&oldid=833024134 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2013 Indian television series debuts </Li> <Li> Zee TV television series </Li> <Li> Indian television soap operas </Li> <Li> Indian drama television series </Li> <Li> Hindi - language television programs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use Indian English from May 2015 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from May 2015 </Li> <Li> Official website not in Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 29 March 2018 , at 07 : 47 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In the TV series "Lies of the Heart", the character Ishani is played by

Who is ishani in lies of the heart?

6638086316746882631

Old North Church - wikipedia <H1> Old North Church </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Christ Church in the City of Boston . For other places , see Old North ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Old North Church </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> U.S. National Register of Historic Places </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> U.S. National Historic Landmark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Image of the North End , Boston neighborhood . The Old North Church is at center , a Big Dig vent building is near the bottom , and the green Tobin Bridge over the Mystic River is at the top . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Boston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 42 ° 21 ′ 58.78 '' N 71 ° 3 ′ 16.04 '' W  /  42.3663278 ° N 71.0544556 ° W  / 42.3663278 ; - 71.0544556 Coordinates : 42 ° 21 ′ 58.78 '' N 71 ° 3 ′ 16.04 '' W  /  42.3663278 ° N 71.0544556 ° W  / 42.3663278 ; - 71.0544556 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Built </Th> <Td> 1723 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Architect </Th> <Td> Price , William </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Architectural style </Th> <Td> Georgian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NRHP reference # </Th> <Td> <P> 66000776 </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Significant dates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Added to NRHP </Th> <Td> October 15 , 1966 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated NHL </Th> <Td> January 20 , 1961 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Interior of the Old North Church <P> Old North Church ( officially , Christ Church in the City of Boston ) , at 193 Salem Street , in the North End , Boston , is the location from which the famous `` One if by land , two if by sea '' signal is said to have been sent . This phrase is related to Paul Revere 's midnight ride , of April 18 , 1775 , which preceded the Battles of Lexington and Concord during the American Revolution . </P> <P> The church is a mission of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts . It is the oldest standing church building in Boston and is a National Historic Landmark . Inside the church is a bust of George Washington , which Gilbert du Motier , Marquis de Lafayette , reportedly remarked was the best likeness of the first president he had ever seen . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 U.S. bicentennial celebration </Li> <Li> 3 The bells </Li> <Li> 4 Steeple damage </Li> <Li> 5 The other `` Old North '' </Li> <Li> 6 Crypt </Li> <Li> 7 Today </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Old North Church was built in December , 1723 , and was inspired by the works of Christopher Wren , the British architect who was responsible for rebuilding London after the Great Fire . Timothy Cutler was the founding rector after serving as third rector of Yale College from 1719 to 1722 . </P> <P> In April 1775 , Paul Revere told three Boston patriots to hang two lanterns in the steeple . These men were the church sexton Robert Newman and Captain John Pulling -- the two of whom historian David Hackett Fischer suggests each carried one lantern up to the steeple -- as well as Thomas Bernard , who stood watch for British troops outside the church . The lanterns were displayed to send a warning to Charlestown patriots across the Charles River about the movements of the British Army . Revere and William Dawes would later deliver the same message to Lexington themselves , but this lantern method was a fast way to inform the back - up riders in Charlestown about the movements of the British ; these back - up riders planned to deliver the warning message to Lexington and Concord in case Revere and Dawes were arrested on the way . </P> <P> The lanterns were hung for just under a minute to avoid catching the eyes of the British troops occupying Boston , but this was long enough for the message to be received in Charlestown . The militia waiting across the river had been told to look for the signal lanterns , and were prepared to act as soon as they saw them . </P> <P> The meaning of two lanterns has been memorized by countless American schoolchildren . `` One if by land , and two if by sea '' is from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem `` Paul Revere 's Ride '' . One lantern was to notify Charlestown that the British Army would march over Boston Neck and the Great Bridge , and two were to notify them that the troops were taking boats across the Charles River to land near Phips farm ( the British Army would take the `` sea '' route ; thus , two lanterns were hung ) . After receiving the signal , the Charlestown Patriots sent out a rider to Lexington , but this rider did not reach his destination and his identity has disappeared from history . He was the one who might have been captured by a British patrol . </P> <P> But the warning was delivered miles away to dozens of towns , first by Revere and Dawes on horses , and then by other men on horses and men who rang church bells and town bells , beat drums , and shot off warning guns . ( The current status of the lanterns is not entirely clear ; one is said to be in the hands of a private collector , another broken during a tour , and yet another is on display at the Concord Museum . ) </P> <H2> Us Bicentennial celebration ( edit ) </H2> This statue of Paul Revere outside the Old North Church commemorates his memorable ride . <P> President Gerald Ford visited Old North Church on April 18 , 1975 . In his nationally televised speech , the President said , in part : </P> <P> Let us pray here in the Old North Church tonight that those who follow 100 years or 200 years from now may look back at us and say : We were a society which combined reason with liberty and hope with freedom . May it be said above all : We kept the faith , freedom flourished , liberty lived . These are the abiding principles of our past and the greatest promise of our future . </P> <P> Following President Ford 's remarks , two lanterns were lit by Robert Newman Ruggles and Robert Newman Sheet , descendants of Robert Newman , who , as sexton of the Old North Church in 1775 , lit the two lanterns which signaled the movement of British troops . The President then lit a third lantern , which hangs in a window of the church today . </P> <P> On July 11 , 1976 , Queen Elizabeth II visited Boston as part of celebrations honoring the United States Bicentennial , and made reference to the aforementioned celebration events in April 1975 that followed President Ford 's speech . She said : `` At the Old North Church last year , your President lit a third lantern dedicated to America 's third century of freedom and to renewed faith in the American ideals . May its light never be dimmed . '' </P> <P> The Queen and Prince Philip attended a Sunday morning service at the Old North Church , sitting in a pew at the right front . The Rev. Robert W. Golledge led the service and later presented the Queen with a replica of a silver chalice made by Paul Revere . The Queen was shown the iconic statue of Paul Revere by Cyrus E. Dallin near the church before departing in a motorcade to attend a function at the Old State House . </P> <H2> The bells ( edit ) </H2> Steeple of the Old North Church <P> Eight change ringing bells ( tenor : 13 long cwt 3 qr 5 lb ( 1,545 lb or 701 kg ) in F ) at Old North Church were cast by Abel Rudhall ( Rudhall of Gloucester ) in Gloucester , England in 1744 and hung in 1745 . One bell has the inscription : `` We are the first ring of bells cast for the British Empire in North America , A.R. 1744 . '' The bells were restored in 1894 and in 1975 . They are maintained and rung regularly by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Guild of Bellringers . </P> <H2> Steeple damage ( edit ) </H2> Sketch of the Old North Church c. 1882 , showing the 1807 steeple that was destroyed in 1954 . <P> The original steeple of the Old North Church was destroyed by the 1804 Snow hurricane . A replacement steeple , designed by Charles Bulfinch , was toppled by Hurricane Carol on August 25 , 1954 . The current steeple uses design elements from the original and the Bulfinch version . The church is now 174 feet ( 53 m ) tall . At its tip is the original weather vane . </P> <H2> The other `` Old North '' ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Second Church , Boston <P> Before the construction of the `` Old North Church '' ( Christ Church , Boston ) , there was another church in Boston called the `` Old North '' ( Meetinghouse ) . This Congregationalist meeting house was founded in North Square , across the street from what is now called `` Paul Revere 's house '' . This church was once pastored by Cotton Mather , the minister now known largely for his involvement in the Salem witch trials . </P> <H2> Crypt ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 2009 , an archeologist began examining the estimated 1,100 bodies buried in 37 tombs in the basement . The crypt was in use between 1732 and 1860 , and each tomb is sealed with a wooden or slate door , with many doors covered over by plaster as ordered by the city of Boston in the 1850s . </P> <P> Founding Rector Timothy Cutler and his wife were buried under the altar together . Other notable figures buried under the church include British Marine Major John Pitcairn , who died at the Battle of Bunker Hill and was entombed along with many other soldiers killed in this battle . So is Captain Samuel Nicholson of the USS Constitution . A behind the scenes tour run by the church takes tourists down into the crypt , as well as up to the bell - ringing chamber . </P> <H2> Today ( edit ) </H2> <P> Old North Church is today one of four church sites among the 16 stops on the Freedom Trail . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Anglicanism portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Forest Lawn Memorial Park ( Hollywood Hills ) , where there is a replica of the church </Li> <Li> List of National Historic Landmarks in Boston </Li> <Li> National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ National Park Service ( 2007 - 01 - 23 ) . `` National Register Information System '' . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dove 's Guide for Church Bell Ringers </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Skyscraperpage.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Secrets : Church of the Dead </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Asa Eaton . Historical account of Christ church , Boston : A discourse in said church , on Sunday , December 28 , 1823 . Boston : Printed by J.W. Ingraham , 1824 . Google books </Li> <Li> Henry Burroughs . A historical

The lanterns in the Old North Church were hung by

Who hung the lanterns in the old north church?

-7989535213092054347

History of wolves in Yellowstone - wikipedia <H1> History of wolves in Yellowstone </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Wolf after re-introduction <P> When Yellowstone National Park was created in 1872 , gray wolf ( Canis lupus ) populations were already in decline in Montana , Wyoming and Idaho . The creation of the national park did not provide protection for wolves or other predators , and government predator control programs in the first decades of the 1900s essentially helped eliminate the gray wolf from Yellowstone . The last wolves were killed in Yellowstone in 1926 . After that time , sporadic reports of wolves still occurred , but scientists confirmed that sustainable wolf populations had been extirpated and were absent from Yellowstone during the mid-1900s . </P> <P> Starting in the 1940s , park managers , biologists , conservationists and environmentalists began what would ultimately turn into a campaign to reintroduce the gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park . When the Endangered Species Act of 1973 was passed , the road to legal reintroduction was clear . In 1995 , gray wolves were first reintroduced into Yellowstone in the Lamar Valley . The history of wolves in Yellowstone chronicles the extirpation , absence and reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone , and how the reintroduction was not without controversy or surprises for scientists , governments or park managers . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Extirpation ( 1872 -- 1926 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Official records of wolves killed </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Absence ( 1926 -- 1995 ) <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Ecological impacts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Re-introduction initiatives </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Re-introduction ( 1995 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Initial releases 1995 -- 96 </Li> <Li> 3.2 Annual wolf status since reintroduction </Li> <Li> 3.3 Ecological impacts after re-introduction </Li> <Li> 3.4 2009 removal from Endangered Species List </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Hunting opportunities </Li> <Li> 4.2 Subspecies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Extirpation ( 1872 -- 1926 ) ( edit ) </H2> Soldiers displaying Wolf pelt at Soda Butte Creek patrol station , 1905 <P> In 1872 , when Yellowstone National Park was created , there was yet no legal protection for wildlife in the park . In the early years of the park , administrators , hunters and tourists were essentially free to kill any game or predator they came across . The gray wolf was especially vulnerable to this wanton killing because it was generally considered an undesirable predator and was being willingly extirpated throughout its North American range . In January 1883 , the Secretary of the Interior issued regulations prohibiting hunting of most park animals , but the regulations did not apply to wolves , coyotes , bears , mountain lions and other small predators . </P> <P> Shortly after the U.S. Army took over administration of the park on August 1st , 1886 , Captain Moose Harris , the first military superintendent , banned public hunting of any wildlife and any predator control was to be left to the park 's administration . Official records show however , that the U.S. Army did not begin killing any wolves until 1914 . </P> <P> In 1885 , Congress created the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy with the express purpose of research for the protection of wildlife . The agency soon became the U.S. Biological Survey which was the forerunner of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service . In 1907 , under political pressure from the western cattle and livestock industries , this agency began a concerted program which eventually was called : Animal Damage Control . This predator control program alone killed 1,800 wolves and 23,000 coyotes in 39 U.S. National Forests in 1907 . In 1916 , when the National Park Service was created , its enabling legislation included words that authorized the Secretary of the Interior to `` provide in his discretion for the destruction of such animals and of such plant life as may be detrimental to the use of said parks , monuments and reservations '' . </P> <P> It is generally accepted that sustainable gray wolf packs had been extirpated from Yellowstone National Park by 1926 , although the National Park Service maintained its policies of predator control in the park until 1933 . However , a 1975 -- 77 National Park Service sponsored study revealed that during the period 1927 to 1977 , there were several hundred probable sightings of wolves in the park . Between 1977 and the re-introduction in 1995 , there were additional reliable sightings of wolves in the park , most believed to be singles or pairs transiting the region . </P> <H3> Official records of wolves killed ( edit ) </H3> <P> Prior to the National Park Service assuming control of the park in 1916 , the U.S. Army killed 14 wolves during their tenure ( 1886 -- 1916 ) , most in the years 1914 -- 15 . In 1940 , Adolph Murie , a noted wildlife biologist published his Fauna Series No. 4 -- Fauna of the National Parks of the United States - Ecology of the Coyote in the Yellowstone National Park . In this report , Murie tallied the number of wolves killed as reported annually by park administrators between 1915 and 1935 : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> From the Superintendent 's Annual Report for : </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Number killed </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1915 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1916 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1917 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1919 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1920 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1921 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1922 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1924 -- 1935 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Updated research in the 1980s verified that the last official killing of wolves in the park took place in 1926 when two pups found near Soda Butte Creek were killed by park rangers . The last reported wolf killed in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ( prior to today 's legal hunting or control measures ) occurred in May 1943 when Leo Cottenoir , a Native American sheepheader on the Wind River Reservation shot a wolf near the southern border of the park . </P> <H2> Absence ( 1926 -- 1995 ) ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Ecological impacts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Once the wolves were gone , elk populations began to rise . Over the next few years conditions of Yellowstone National Park declined drastically . A team of scientists visiting Yellowstone in 1929 and 1933 reported , `` The range was in deplorable conditions when we first saw it , and its deterioration has been progressing steadily since then . '' By this time many biologists were worried about eroding land and plants dying off . The elk were multiplying inside the park and deciduous , woody species such as aspen and cottonwood suffered from overgrazing . The park service started trapping and moving the elk and , when that was not effective , killing them . Elk population control methods continued for more than 30 years . Elk control prevented further degradation of the range , but did n't improve its overall condition . At times , people would mention bringing wolves back to Yellowstone to help control the elk population . Yellowstone 's managers were not eager to bring back wolves , especially after so successfully extirpating them from the park . Elk control continued into the 1960s . In the late 1960s , local hunters began to complain to their congressmen that there were too few elk , and the congressmen threatened to stop funding Yellowstone . Killing elk was given up as control method which allowed elk populations to again rise . As elk populations rose , the quality of the range decreased affecting many other animals . Without wolves , coyote populations increased dramatically which adversely impacted the pronghorn antelope population . However , it was the overly large elk populations that caused the most profound changes to the ecosystem of Yellowstone with the absence of wolves . </P> <H3> Reintroduction initiatives ( edit ) </H3> <P> The campaign to restore the gray wolf in Yellowstone had its roots in a number of seminal studies related to the predator - prey ecology of the park . In 1940 Adolph Murie published Ecology of the Coyote in the Yellowstone National Park . That study and his 1940 -- 41 work The Wolves of Mount McKinley was instrumental in building a scientific foundation for wolf conservation . In 1944 , noted wildlife biologist Aldo Leopold , once an avid predator control advocate , made the following comments in his review of The Wolves of North America , Young and Goldman , 1944 : </P> <P> There still remains , even in the United States , some areas of considerable size in which we feel that both red and gray ( wolves ) may be allowed to continue their existence with little molestation . ... Where are these areas ? Probably every reasonable ecologist will agree that some of them should lie in the larger national parks and wilderness areas : for instance Yellowstone and its adjacent national forests . ... Why , in the necessary process of extirpating wolves from livestock ranges of Wyoming and Montana , were not some of the uninjured animals used to restock Yellowstone ? </P> -- Aldo Leopold , 1944 <P> By the 1960s , cultural and scientific understanding of ecosystems was changing attitudes toward the wolf and other large predators . In the early 1960s , Douglas Pimlott , a noted Canadian wildlife biologist was calling for the restorations of wolves in the northern rockies . In 1970 American wolf expert , David Mech published The Wolf : The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species ( 1970 , 1981 ) , an enlightening study of the wolf and its impact on its environment . In 1978 , when wildlife biologist John Weaver published his seminal study Wolves of Yellowstone , he concluded the report with the following recommendation : </P> <P> Therefore I recommend restoring this native predator by introducing wolves to Yellowstone </P> -- John Weaver , National Park Service , 1978 <P> The gray wolf was one of the first species to be listed as endangered ( 1967 ) under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 . However , until the passage of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 , there was no legal basis or process for re-introducing the gray wolf to Yellowstone National Park and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem . The Endangered Species Act obligated the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop restoration plans for each species designated as Endangered . The first recovery plan was completed in 1980 but gained little traction . In 1987 , the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published a revised Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan which led the way to wolf reintroduction . The plan was a cooperative effort between the National Park Service , Fish and Wildlife Service , academia , state wildlife agencies and environmental groups . Its Executive Summary contains the following : </P> <P> The Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan represents a `` road map '' to recovery ' of the gray wolf in ' the Rocky Mountains . The primary goal of the plan is to remove the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf from the endangered and threatened species list by securing and maintaining a minimum of 10 breeding pairs of wolves in each of the three recovery areas for a minimum of three successive years . </P> -- Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan , USFWS , August 1987 <P> In 1991 Congress directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop an Environmental Impact Statement ( EIS ) for the express purpose of reintroducing wolves

The last wolf pack in Yellowstone was killed

When was the last wolf pack killed in yellowstone?

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Amount in controversy - wikipedia <H1> Amount in controversy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate . ( May 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Amount in controversy ( sometimes called jurisdictional amount ) is a term used in civil procedure to denote the amount at stake in a lawsuit , in particular in connection with a requirement that persons seeking to bring a lawsuit in a particular court must be suing for a certain minimum amount ( or below a certain maximum amount ) before that court may hear the case . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 United States <Ul> <Li> 1.1 In federal courts <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Diversity jurisdiction </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Federal question jurisdiction </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Aggregation of claims </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Legal certainty test </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 In state courts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> United states ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States Federal Civil Procedure doctrines </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Justiciability </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Advisory opinions </Li> <Li> Standing </Li> <Li> Ripeness </Li> <Li> Mootness </Li> <Li> Political questions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jurisdiction </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Subject - matter </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Federal - question </Li> <Li> Diversity </Li> <Li> Amount in controversy </Li> <Li> Supplemental </Li> <Li> Removal </Li> <Li> Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Personal </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> In personam </Li> <Li> In rem </Li> <Li> Quasi in rem </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Federalism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Erie doctrine </Li> <Li> Abstention </Li> <Li> Sovereign immunity </Li> <Li> Abrogation </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Rooker -- Feldman doctrine </Li> <Li> Adequate and independent state ground </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> In federal courts ( edit ) </H3> Diversity jurisdiction ( edit ) <P> In United States federal courts , the term currently applies only to cases brought under diversity jurisdiction , meaning that the court is able to hear the case only because it is between citizens of different states . In such cases , the U.S. Congress has decreed in 28 U.S.C. § 1332 ( a ) that the court may hear such suits only where `` the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000 . '' This amount represents a significant increase from earlier years . </P> <P> Congress first established the amount in controversy requirement when it created diversity jurisdiction in the Judiciary Act of 1789 , pursuant to its powers under Article III of the U.S. Constitution , the amount being $500 . It was raised to $2,000 in 1887 , to $3,000 in 1911 , to $10,000 in 1958 , to $50,000 in 1988 , and finally to the current $75,000 in 1996 . </P> <P> The use of the word `` exceeds '' in Section 1332 implies that the amount in controversy must be more than $75,000 ; a case removed from state court to federal court must be remanded back to state court if the amount in controversy is exactly $75,000.00 . </P> Federal question jurisdiction ( edit ) <P> Congress did not create a consistent federal question jurisdiction , which allows federal courts to hear any case alleging a violation of the Constitution , laws , and treaties of the United States , until 1875 , when Congress created the statute which is now found at 28 U.S.C. § 1331 : `` The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution , laws , or treaties of the United States . '' At that time , such cases had the same amount in controversy requirement as the diversity cases . Congress eliminated this requirement in actions against the United States in 1976 and in all federal question cases in 1980 . </P> Aggregation of claims ( edit ) <P> Where a single plaintiff has multiple unrelated claims against a single defendant , that plaintiff can aggregate those claims -- that is , add the amounts together -- to satisfy the amount in controversy requirement . In cases involving more than one defendant , a plaintiff may aggregate the amount claimed against multiple defendants `` only if the defendants are jointly liable . '' Middle Tennessee News Co. , Inc. v. Charnel of Cincinnati , Inc. , 250 F. 3d 1077 , 1081 ( 7th Cir. 2001 ) . However , `` if the defendants are severally liable , plaintiff must satisfy the amount in controversy requirement against each individual defendant . '' The 5 - 4 decision in Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Services , Inc. , 545 U.S. 546 ( 2005 ) , held that a federal court has supplemental jurisdiction over claims of other plaintiffs who do not meet the jurisdictional amount for a diversity action , when at least one plaintiff in the action does satisfy the jurisdictional amount . </P> Legal certainty test ( edit ) <P> The standard for dismissing a complaint for lack of meeting the amount in controversy is a rather high one in federal court . In 1938 , Justice Owen Roberts set forth the `` legal - certainty test '' , which is still used today : </P> <P> It must appear to a legal certainty that the claim is really for less than the jurisdictional amount to justify dismissal . The inability of plaintiff to recover an amount adequate to give the court jurisdiction does not show his bad faith or oust the jurisdiction . Nor does the fact that the complaint discloses the existence of a valid defense to the claim . But if , from the face of the pleadings , it is apparent to a legal certainty that the plaintiff can not recover the amount claimed or if , from the proofs , the court is satisfied to a like certainty that the plaintiff never was entitled to recover that amount , and that his claim was therefore colorable for the purpose of conferring jurisdiction , the suit will be dismissed . </P> <P> The validity of the amount of damages claimed is considered a threshold issue of law for a judge to decide at the commencement of the case . </P> <P> The legal certainty test is often heavily litigated in personal injury or wrongful death cases , in the situation where they are removed by a defendant to federal court on the basis of diversity jurisdiction , and then the plaintiff moves to remand to state court . Since the 1970s , many states have prohibited plaintiffs in such cases from demanding a specific amount of money in the ad damnum section of their complaints , because of serious problems with unscrupulous attorneys gaining undue publicity by simply demanding outrageous and unrealistic damage amounts like $1 trillion . Therefore , many such complaints can not and do not state an amount in controversy on their face , which puts defendants in the awkward position of having to submit evidence to the federal court that plaintiffs could theoretically recover a sum in excess of $75,000 , while simultaneously maintaining that plaintiffs are not entitled to anything at all . </P> <H3> In state courts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Each state has the power to set its own amount in controversy requirements for its own courts , but every state must offer some outlet for citizens to sue for violations of their rights , even if they are seeking no money . Most states have several levels of trial courts , with different amount - in - controversy requirements which must be met to gain access to higher levels of courts . For example , in the state of Virginia , the lowest level of court , the Virginia General District Court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear cases where the amount in controversy is $4,500 or less , and shares authority with the Virginia Circuit Court to try cases involving sums above $4,500 and up to $25,000 . The Virginia Circuit Court , in turn , has exclusive jurisdiction where the amount in controversy is greater than $25,000 . </P> <P> A few states like California have decided that it is more efficient to unify all trial courts so that judges and support staff can be more easily reassigned where needed . However , in California , nearly all lawsuits involving an amount in controversy up to $25,000 are classified as `` limited civil actions , '' which are subject to special simplified procedural rules intended to hold down litigation costs . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Freeland v. Liberty Mutual Fire . Ins. Co. , 632 F. 3d 250 ( 6th Cir. 2011 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Subrin , Stephen N. ; Minow , Martha L. ; Brodin , Mark S. ; and Main , Thomas O. Civil Procedure : Doctrine , Practice , and Context , Second Edition . p. 698 . Aspen Publishers , 2004 . ISBN 0 - 7355 - 4086 - 1 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ St. Paul Mercury Indemnity Co. v. Red Cab Co. , 303 U.S. 283 , 289 ( 1938 ) ( emphasis added ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomson - Gale Encyclopedia of American Law , courtesy of Jrank </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Singer v. State Farm Mut . Ins. Co. , 116 F. 3d 373 ( 9th Cir. 1997 ) . The court explained : `` The parties to this case were caught between the California statute prohibiting statement of an ad damnum , and the traditional federal removal framework , which bases removal on the amount stated in the ad damnum . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ See California Code of Civil Procedure Section 85 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amount_in_controversy&oldid=790429913 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Civil procedure </Li> <Li> Jurisdiction </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2015 </Li> <Li> USA - centric </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 13 July 2017 , at 18 : 15 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The minimum dollar amount required for a case to be heard in federal court is

What is the minimum dollar amount for federal court?

5239772721292332989

Bacteroides fragilis - wikipedia <H1> Bacteroides fragilis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bacteroides fragilis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Bacteria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phylum : </Td> <Td> Bacteroidetes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class : </Td> <Td> Bacteroidia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Bacteroidales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Bacteroidaceae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Bacteroides </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Species : </Td> <Td> Bacteroides fragilis </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bacteroides fragilis is an obligately anaerobic , Gram - negative , rod - shaped bacterium . It is part of the normal flora of the human colon and is generally commensal , but can cause infection if displaced into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue following surgery , disease , or trauma . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Epidemiology and pathogenesis </Li> <Li> 2 Treatment </Li> <Li> 3 Environmental research </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Epidemiology and pathogenesis ( edit ) </H2> <P> The B. fragilis group is the most commonly isolated Bacteroidaceae in anaerobic infections , especially those that originate from the gastrointestinal flora . B. fragilis is the most prevalent organism in the B. fragilis group , accounting for 41 % to 78 % of the isolates of the group . These organisms are resistant to penicillin by virtue of production of beta - lactamase , and by other unknown factors . </P> <P> This group was formerly classified as subspecies of B. fragilis ( i.e. B. f. ssp . fragilis , B. f. ssp . distasonis , B. f. ssp . ovatus , B. f. ssp . thetaiotaomicron , and B. f. ssp . vulgatus ) . They have been reclassified into distinct species on the basis of DNA homology studies . B. fragilis ( formerly known as B. f. ssp . fragilis ) is often recovered from blood , pleural fluid , peritoneal fluid , wounds , and brain abscesses . </P> <P> Although the B. fragilis group is the most common species found in clinical specimens , it is the least common Bacteroides present in fecal flora , comprising only 0.5 % of the bacteria present in stool . Their pathogenicity partly results from their ability to produce capsular polysaccharide , which is protective against phagocytosis and stimulates abscess formation . </P> <P> B. fragilis is involved in 90 % of anaerobic peritoneal infections . It also causes bacteremia associated with intraabdominal infections , peritonitis and abscesses following rupture of viscus , and subcutaneous abscesses or burns near the anus . Though it is gram negative , it has an altered LPS and does not cause endotoxic shock . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bacteroides fragilis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Classification and external resources </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> D001442 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Treatment ( edit ) </H2> <P> In general , B. fragilis is susceptible to metronidazole , carbapenems , tigecycline , beta - lactam / beta - lactamase inhibitor combinations ( e.g. , Unasyn , Zosyn ) , and certain antimicrobials of the cephalosporin class , including cefoxitin . The bacteria have inherent high - level resistance to penicillin . Production of beta lactamase appears to be the main mechanism of antibiotic resistance in B. fragilis . Clindamycin is no longer recommended as the first - line agent for B. fragilis due to emerging high - level resistance ( > 30 % in some reports ) . </P> <H2> Environmental Research ( edit ) </H2> <P> B. fragilis bacteriophages are commonly used as tracers of human faecal material . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of oncogenic bacteria </Li> <Li> Infectious causes of cancer </Li> <Li> Pathogenic bacteria </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Kuwahara T , Yamashita A , Hirakawa H , et al. ( October 2004 ) . `` Genomic analysis of Bacteroides fragilis reveals extensive DNA inversions regulating cell surface adaptation '' . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 ( 41 ) : 14919 -- 24 . doi : 10.1073 / pnas. 0404172101 . PMC 522005 . PMID 15466707 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://prod.hopkins-abxguide.org/pathogens/bacteria/anaerobic_gram-neg._bacilli/bacteroides_fragilis.html?contentInstanceId=255919 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Levinson , W. ( 2010 ) . Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( 11th ed . ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Snydman DR , Jacobus NV , McDermott LA , et al. ( January 2010 ) . `` Lessons learned from the anaerobe survey : historical perspective and review of the most recent data ( 2005 -- 2007 ) '' . Clin. Infect . Dis. 50 ( Suppl 1 ) : S26 -- 33 . doi : 10.1086 / 647940 . PMID 20067390 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Baron EJ , Allen SD ( June 1993 ) . `` Should clinical laboratories adopt new taxonomic changes ? If so , when ? '' . Clin. Infect . Dis. 16 ( Suppl 4 ) : S449 -- 50 . doi : 10.1093 / clinids / 16. Supplement_4. S449 . PMID 8324167 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wexler HM ( October 2007 ) . `` Bacteroides : the good , the bad , and the nitty - gritty '' . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20 ( 4 ) : 593 -- 621 . doi : 10.1128 / CMR. 00008 - 07 . PMC 2176045 . PMID 17934076 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bacteroides infections at eMedicine </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brook I ( June 2010 ) . `` The role of anaerobic bacteria in bacteremia '' . Anaerobe. 16 ( 3 ) : 183 -- 9 . doi : 10.1016 / j. anaerobe. 2009.12. 001 . PMID 20025984 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brook I ( October 2008 ) . `` Microbiology and management of abdominal infections '' . Dig . Dis . Sci. 53 ( 10 ) : 2585 -- 91 . doi : 10.1007 / s10620 - 007 - 0194 - 6 . PMID 18288616 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ayala , J. ; Quesada , A. ; Vadillo , S. ; Criado , J.N. ; Píriz , S. ( 2005 ) . `` Penicillin - binding proteins of Bacteroides fragilis and their role in the resistance to imipenem of clinical isolates '' . Journal of Medical Microbiology. 54 ( 11 ) : 1055 . doi : 10.1099 / jmm. 0.45930 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mandell GL , Bennett JE , Dolin R ( 2004 ) . Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases ( 6th ed . ) . Churchill Livingstone . ISBN 0 - 443 - 06643 - 4 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brook I ( December 2007 ) . `` Treatment of anaerobic infection '' . Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 5 ( 6 ) : 991 -- 1006 . doi : 10.1586 / 14787210.5. 6.991 . PMID 18039083 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Environment and Public Health Research Unit ( EPHRU ) '' . University of Brighton . Archived from the original on 15 May 2009 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bacteroides references in Baron 's Medical Microbiology ( online at the NCBI bookshelf ) . </Li> <Li> Type strain of Bacteroides fragilis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Infectious diseases </Li> <Li> Bacterial diseases : BV4 non-proteobacterial G - ( primarily A00 -- A79 , 001 -- 041 , 080 -- 109 ) </Li> </Ul> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spirochaete </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Spirochaetaceae </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Treponema </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Treponema pallidum <Ul> <Li> Syphilis / bejel </Li> <Li> Yaws </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Treponema carateum ( Pinta ) </Li> <Li> Treponema denticola </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Borrelia </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Borrelia burgdorferi / Borrelia afzelii <Ul> <Li> Lyme disease </Li> <Li> Erythema chronicum migrans </Li> <Li> Neuroborreliosis </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Borrelia recurrentis ( Louse borne relapsing fever ) </Li> <Li> Borrelia hermsii / Borrelia duttoni / Borrelia parkeri ( Tick borne relapsing fever ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leptospiraceae </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Leptospira </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Leptospira interrogans ( Leptospirosis ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chlamydiaceae </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chlamydophila </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chlamydophila psittaci ( Psittacosis ) </Li> <Li> Chlamydophila pneumoniae </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chlamydia </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chlamydia trachomatis <Ul> <Li> Chlamydia </Li> <Li> Lymphogranuloma venereum </Li> <Li> Trachoma </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bacteroidetes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bacteroides fragilis </Li> <Li> Tannerella forsythia </Li> <Li> Capnocytophaga canimorsus </Li> <Li> Porphyromonas gingivalis </Li> <Li> Prevotella intermedia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fusobacteria </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fusobacterium necrophorum ( Lemierre 's syndrome ) </Li> <Li> Fusobacterium nucleatum </Li> <Li> Fusobacterium polymorphum </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Streptobacillus moniliformis ( Rat - bite fever / Haverhill fever ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Biology portal </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Taxon identifiers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Wd : Q221817 </Li> <Li> BacDive : 1585 </Li> <Li> EoL : 995259 </Li> <Li> EPPO : BTROFR </Li> <Li> GBIF : 3228366 </Li> <Li> ITIS : 707771 </Li> <Li> NCBI : 817 </Li> <Li> NZOR : 9b9ba55c - c095 - 4cda - 8d19 - 482f53c6c519 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bacteroides_fragilis&oldid=831950800 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Bacteroidetes </Li> <Li> Gram - negative bacteria </Li> <Li> Medically important anaerobes </Li> <Li> Gut flora bacteria </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with ' species ' microformats </Li> <Li> Infobox medical condition </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Wikispecies </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> Português </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 March 2018 , at 00 : 06 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The group bacteroids would likely be found in the

Where would the group bacteroids likely be found?

-6982838549793641839

Rock and Roll All Nite - wikipedia <H1> Rock and Roll All Nite </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` I Wanna Rock & Roll All Night '' redirects here . For the episode of the 2008 TV series Knight Rider , see I Wanna Rock & Roll All Knight . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Kiss </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Dressed to Kill </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 2 , 1975 ( US ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> Electric Lady Studios , New York City : February 1975 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 49 ( Album version ) 3 : 20 ( 7 '' Live version ) 2 : 34 ( Studio version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Casablanca NB - 829 ( US ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Paul Stanley , Gene Simmons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Neil Bogart & Kiss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kiss singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Let Me Go , Rock ' n ' Roll '' / `` Hotter Than Hell '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' / `` Getaway '' ( 1975 ) </Td> <Td> `` C'mon and Love Me '' / `` Getaway '' ( 1975 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Let Me Go , Rock ' n ' Roll '' / `` Hotter Than Hell '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' / `` Getaway '' ( 1975 ) </Td> <Td> `` C'mon and Love Me '' / `` Getaway '' ( 1975 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` C'mon and Love Me '' / `` Getaway '' ( 1975 ) C'mon and Love Me Getaway1975 </Td> <Td> `` Rock and Roll All Nite ( Live ) '' / `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' ( 1975 ) Rock and Roll All Nite ( Live ) Rock and Roll All Nite1975 </Td> <Td> `` Shout It Out Loud '' / `` Sweet Pain '' ( 1976 ) Shout It Out Loud Sweet Pain1976 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Love It Loud ( Live ) '' / `` Unholy ( Live ) '' ( 1993 ) I Love It Loud ( Live ) Unholy ( Live ) 1993 </Td> <Td> `` Rock and Roll All Nite ( Unplugged ) '' / `` Every Time I Look at You ( Unplugged ) '' ( 1996 ) Rock and Roll All Nite ( Unplugged ) Every Time I Look at You ( Unplugged ) 1996 </Td> <Td> `` Jungle ( Radio Edit ) '' / `` Jungle '' ( 1997 ) Jungle ( Radio Edit ) Jungle1997 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Rock & Roll All Nite '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' is a song by Kiss , originally released on their 1975 album Dressed to Kill . It was released as the A-side of their fifth single , with the album track `` Getaway . '' The studio version of the song peaked at No. 68 on the Billboard singles chart , besting the band 's previous charting single , `` Kissin ' Time '' ( # 89 ) . A subsequent live version , released as a single in October 1975 , eventually reached No. 12 in early 1976 , the first of six Top 20 songs for Kiss in the 1970s . `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' became Kiss 's signature song and has served as the group 's closing concert number in almost every concert since 1976 . In 2008 it was named the 16th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1 . </P> <P> The members of Kiss were under intense pressure to put together their third album , 1975 's Dressed to Kill . They were abruptly called off tour to work on a follow - up to 1974 's Hotter Than Hell when the album began to die on the charts , even though they had no new songs ready . The sessions were being produced by the head of their label , Neil Bogart , who was upset that the band had yet to successfully capture the excitement of their live act on record and wanted to correct the problem himself . </P> <P> Rushed to come up with material , the band dipped into their backlog of older songs , as well as writing new ones and then recording them immediately . Bogart suggested that head songwriters Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons come up with an anthem that would serve as a rallying cry for Kiss and their fans , suggesting something akin to Sly & the Family Stone 's `` I Want to Take You Higher . '' While writing back at the hotel , Stanley came up with the line `` I want to rock and roll all night , and party every day . '' After showing the new line to Simmons , he added parts from an older song , reportedly titled `` Drive Me Wild . '' </P> <P> When the song was issued as a single a few months later , it did not storm up the charts . With record label Casablanca in deep financial trouble , Kiss was thinking of leaving for another label , but decided to issue a live album , Alive ! , later in 1975 . The live version of the song was longer than the studio take ( including an Ace Frehley guitar solo that was absent from the original ) , but , as Bogart hoped , it became a number 12 hit , driving straight up the charts the album from which it was taken . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Recording </Li> <Li> 2 Live performances </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions </Li> <Li> 4 Appearances </Li> <Li> 5 Personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Poison version <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Personnel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Recording ( Edit ) </H2> <P> `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' was written by Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons while Kiss was still in Los Angeles , as part of their Hotter than Hell Tour tour . However , during the group 's concert at Cobo Hall in Detroit on January 26 , 1976 , Stanley introduced it as a song that was written in and for Detroit . The tour ended early ( February 1975 ) , when Casablanca Records founder and president Neil Bogart ordered Kiss to return to the studio to record a follow up to Hotter Than Hell , which had stalled on the charts and failed to meet Casablanca 's sales expectations . One of Bogart 's instructions to the band was to compose an anthem , something he felt the band needed . The song itself was inspired by the Slade song `` Cum on Feel the Noize '' . </P> <P> They wrote the pre-chorus , Stanley wrote the chorus , and Simmons wrote the verses , borrowing parts of a song he had previously written , entitled `` Drive Me Wild . '' The song was one of two the group recorded toward the end of the Hotter than Hell Tour prior to returning to Electric Lady Studios for the proper Dressed to Kill recording sessions . For the choruses , the band and Bogart brought in a large group of outside contributors to sing and clap , including members of the Kiss road crew , studio musicians , and Peter Criss 's wife Lydia . Some of the road crew used their jacket zippers to create sound . </P> <H2> Live performances ( Edit ) </H2> <P> While `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' would eventually become a fixture in Kiss 's live performances , it was not inserted into the band 's setlist immediately . Nor did it immediately replace `` Let Me Go , Rock ' n ' Roll '' as the closing number . Kiss performed the song during the closing ceremonies for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City which proved to be Ace Frehley 's final performance with Kiss to date . They also performed the song live with Adam Lambert during the season 8 finale of American Idol , on May 20 , 2009 at the Nokia Theater in Los Angeles . </P> <H2> Other versions ( Edit ) </H2> <P> The original version of the song , as it appears on Dressed To Kill , does not have a guitar solo , while many later versions do have one . The Kiss Unplugged version features Ace Frehley and Bruce Kulick sharing the solo . The Unplugged version was released as a single and reached number 13 on Billboard 's Mainstream Rock Tracks . The original version also ends while fading away ; all live versions end with the last notes of another Dressed to Kill song , `` Getaway '' . The chorus of the Alive ! version of the song is played at the beginning of `` Detroit Rock City , '' from 1976 's Destroyer . </P> <H2> Appearances ( Edit ) </H2> <P> `` Rock and Roll All Nite '' has appeared on the following Kiss albums : </P> <Ul> <Li> Dressed to Kill ( 1975 ) -- Original studio version </Li> <Li> Alive ! ( 1975 ) -- Live version </Li> <Li> The Originals ( 1976 ) - Studio version </Li> <Li> Double Platinum ( 1978 ) -- Studio version </Li> <Li> Killers ( 1982 ) -- Live version </Li> <Li> Smashes , Thrashes & Hits ( 1988 ) -- Remixed studio version </Li> <Li> Chikara ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> Alive III ( 1993 ) -- Live version </Li> <Li> Kiss Unplugged ( 1996 ) -- Acoustic live version </Li> <Li> You Wanted the Best , You Got the Best ! ! ( 1996 ) -- Live version from Alive ! </Li> <Li> Greatest Kiss ( 1997 ) -- Studio version </Li> <Li> The Box Set ( 2001 ) -- Studio version and Live version </Li> <Li> The Very Best of Kiss ( 2002 ) -- Live version from Alive ! </Li> <Li> Kiss Symphony : Alive IV ( 2003 ) -- Live version with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra </Li> <Li> The Best of Kiss : The Millennium Collection ( 2003 ) -- Live version from Alive ! ( album re-released in 2010 as ICON ) </Li> <Li> Gold ( 2005 ) -- Live version from Alive ! </Li> <Li> Kiss Chronicles : 3 Classic Albums ( 2006 ) - Studio version </Li> <Li> Kiss Alive ! 1975 -- 2000 ( 2006 ) -- Live version from The Box Set </Li> <Li> Kiss Chronicles -- Original studio version ( as part of repackaging of Dressed To Kill ) </Li> <Li> Alive IIm 3 - release of Alive ! , Alive II , Alive III , plus Alive ! The Millennium Concert -- Single Edit Version </Li> <Li> Kiss Klassics ( 2008 ) -- re-recorded version included on a bonus CD with Sonic Boom </Li> <Li> Ikons ( 2008 ) - Studio version </Li> <Li> Kiss Alive 35 ( 2009 ) -- Live album produced at each of the venues </Li> <Li> Kiss Sonic Boom Over Europe ( 2010 ) - Live versions </Li> <Li> Kiss 40 ( 2014 ) -- Live version from Alive !

The song "I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll All Night" is sung by

Who sings i wanna rock'n'roll all night?

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. The phrase Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism refers more to the methodology used by some practitioners to revive a version of the religion , than the religion itself . Not all Hellenic Polytheists are reconstructionists . Dodekatheism and Olympianism are other names , though less commonly used . </P> Julian the Apostate . <H3> In Greece ( edit ) </H3> Modern Hellenic temple built on private land of Aristoteles Kakogeorgiou , in Thessaloniki . Priest performing ritual . <P> The first Greek organization to openly support the religious revival of Hellenic religion was Ύπατο Συμβούλιο των Ελλήνων Εθνικών ( Supreme Council of Ethnikoi Hellenes or YSEE ) , established in 1997 , and is publicly active . YSEE is a founding member of the World Congress of Ethnic Religions ( now European Congress of Ethnic Religions ) and hosted the seventh annual WCER Congress in June 2004 . YSEE is also a member of the European Union 's action programme to combat discrimination . The organization primarily refers to the religion as the `` Ethnic Polytheistic '' or `` genuine Hellenism '' and its practitioners as Ethnikoi Hellenes , `` Ethnic ( National ) Hellenes '' . </P> <P> Another very active organization since its founding at 2008 is Labrys religious community . Labrys has focused primarily on the religious aspects of Hellenism or Hellenic ( Greek ) polytheism , avoiding anti-Christian rhetoric and politics , establishing weekly public rituals and engaging in other aspects of practical promotion of polytheism like theater and music . Labrys has also promoted among Hellenes worldwide the need to actively practice household worship and the idea that family and community should be the starting points of religious practice . The community has been organizing since 2008 the largest festival in Athens and also actively participates and supports the religious aspects of the oldest Hellenic festival in Greece , Promitheia which is held every year on Mount Olympus . Labrys religious community has published the book about Hellenic Polytheism : Household Worship . Createspace. 2014 - 11 - 20 . ISBN 9781503121881 ... </P> <P> Other Greek organizations , such as Dodekatheon ( Δωδεκάθεον , Dōdekátheon , Of the Twelve Gods ) , the Helliniki Hetaireia Archaiophilon ( Societas Hellenica Antiquariorum ) , and the Thyrsos use a combination of terms interchangeably , including ἑλληνικὴ θρησκεία ( hellēnikē thrēskeîa , translated as `` Hellenic religion '' ) , Hellenic polytheistic religion , and Hellenism . </P> <P> Dodecatheon and YSEE both use the terms `` traditional '' , `` ethnic '' , and `` genuine '' to refer to their religious practices . Greek polytheist author Vlassis Rassias has written a popular series of books on `` Christian persecutions against the Hellenes , '' and the `` Church of the Hellenes '' organization goes so far as to call for the wholesale extermination of Christianity , while the Athens - based group Ellinais emphasizes `` world peace and the brotherhood of man . '' </P> <H3> Outside Greece ( edit ) </H3> <P> Outside Greece , Hellenic religious organizations began to emerge around 1998 , with some individuals claiming to have been engaging in some form of traditional practice since the 1970s . </P> <P> In the United States , the Hellenic polytheist organization Hellenion also identifies its practices as `` Hellenic Pagan Reconstructionism '' and emphasizes historical accuracy in its mission statement . The group uses the term `` Hellenismos '' ( Ἑλληνισμός , Hellēnismós ) to describe the religion . Hellenion does not provide official membership numbers to the public , but an unofficial estimate of 43 members can be determined for 2007 , though this number can only give the roughest approximation , as Hellenion offers hardship waivers to those who can not afford the typical membership fees . In early 2010 , the organization reported 1 demos ( fully chartered local congregation ) and 6 proto - demoi ( start - up congregations not fully chartered with less than 3 members ) established , which offer rituals and other events for members and frequently for the public as well . Two of the six proto - demoi can not be independently verified to exist . Hellenion offers legal clergy training , basic adult religious education classes , and other educational / training courses for its members . </P> <P> Another American group , Elaion , uses the term `` Dodekatheism '' ( Greek : δώδεκα , dodeka , `` twelve '' + θεϊσμός , theïsmós , `` belief in the gods '' ) to describe their approach to the Hellenic religion . No reported numbers for current membership levels are known to exist . </P> <P> Other terms in common usage by Hellenic polytheists include `` Greek reconstructionism '' and `` Hellenic Traditionalism '' , but the two are not synonymous . </P> <P> In Brazil , in Portuguese language , there 's the website of RHB - Reconstrucionismo Helênico no Brasil , built since 2003 by Brazilian members of Hellenion and other international groups , such as the American Neokoroi and the Greek Thyrsos . </P> <H2> Beliefs and practices ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Ancient Greek religion <P> Hellenic polytheists worship the ancient Greek Gods , including the Olympians , nature divinities , underworld deities ( chthonic gods ) and heroes . Both physical and spiritual ancestors are honored . It is primarily a devotional or votive religion , based on the exchange of gifts ( offerings ) for the gods ' blessings . The ethical convictions of modern Hellenic polytheists are often inspired by ancient Greek virtues such as reciprocity , hospitality , self - control and moderation . The Delphic maxims , Tenets of Solon , the Golden Verses of Pythagoras , or even Aristotle 's Ethics each function as complete moral codes that a Hellenic Polytheist may observe . Key to most ethical systems is the idea of kharis ( or `` charis '' , grace ) , to establish reciprocity between humanity and the gods , between individuals , and among community members . Another key value in Hellenic Polytheism is eusebeia , often translated as piety . This implies a commitment to the worship of the Hellenic gods and action to back this up . </P> <P> There is no central `` ecclesia '' ( church / assembly ) or hierarchical clergy , though some groups ( i.e. , Hellenion ) do offer training in that capacity . Individual worshipers are generally expected to perform their own rituals and learn about the religion and the gods by reference to primary and secondary sources on ancient Greek religion and through personal experience of the gods . Information gained from such personal experiences is often referred to in Hellenic groups as `` UPG '' ( Unverified Personal Gnosis ) , a term borrowed from Ásatrú , though now commonly used among many pagan religions . </P> <H2> Reconstructionism ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Polytheistic reconstructionism <P> In polytheism , Reconstructionism is a methodology which attempts to accurately base modern religious practice on culturally and historically genuine examples of ancient religious practices . The term is frequently used in the United States to differentiate between syncretic and eclectic Neopagan movements , and those based on the traditions , writings , history , and mythology of a specific ancient polytheistic culture . </P> <P> In contrast to the eclectic traditions , Reconstructionists are very culturally oriented and attempt to reconstruct historical forms of religion and spirituality , in a modern context . Therefore , Kemetic , Canaanite , Hellenic , Roman , Celtic , Germanic , Baltic and Slavic Reconstructionists aim for the revival of historical practices and beliefs of Ancient Egypt , Ancient Canaan and Phoenicia , Ancient Greece , Ancient Rome , the Celts , the Germanic peoples , the Balts and the Slavs , respectively . </P> <P> Most Hellenic polytheist groups unequivocally state that reconstructionism is not the only correct method of practicing the ancient Greek religion , but do identify a practice as Hellenic only when it embraces the humanistic values and ethical virtues of the ancient Greeks , demonstrates loyalty and reverence toward the Greek gods , and uses a religious structure that would be recognizable to an ancient Greek . These groups make a clear distinction between themselves and the Neopagan movement , and identify some ' Hellenic ' groups as `` simply disguised as ' Hellenes ' for reasons that exist hidden within the depths of their own minds . '' </P> <H2> Revivalism ( edit ) </H2> <P> Revivalism focuses more on Hellenic Polytheism as a living , changing religion . Hellenic Revivalism allows more room for practitioners to decide what feels right to them . Most modern Hellenic Polytheists exist somewhere on a Reconstructionist to Revivalist spectrum . </P> <H2> Claims of continuity ( edit ) </H2> <P> Modern Hellenic polytheist organizations are `` revivalist '' or `` reconstructionist '' for the most part , but many adherents like Panagiotis Marinis from the group Dodecatheon in Greece , has stated that the religion of ancient Greece has survived throughout the intervening centuries , and that he , himself , was raised in a family that practiced this religion . Whether or not they believe that the Hellenic polytheist religious tradition is continuous , there is evidence that Greek Hellenic polytheists within the modern country of Greece see the movement as an expression of Greek cultural heritage , in opposition to the Orthodox Christianity that is overwhelmingly dominant . </P> <H2> Political controversy ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Discrimination against Neopagans <P> The 2004 Summer Olympics stirred up several disputes concerning Hellenic polytheistic religion . </P> <Ul> <Li> Professor Giorgos Dontas , president of the Archaeological Society of Athens expressed public outrage at the destruction of ancient archaeological sites around the Parthenon and Acropolis in preparation for the Games . </Li> <Li> Prior to the Olympic Games , MSNBC correspondent Rehema Ellis in a story called It 's Greek to Me : Group Tries to Restore Pagan Worship documented the vandalism and arson of a bookstore in Athens which sold books promoting ancient Greek religion . She also interviewed several adherents who were upset about the current state of affairs in Greece . Ellis said : `` A contrast in this place where the Olympic Games were created to honour Zeus - now those praying to the ancient gods are criticized for putting too much faith in the past . '' </Li> <Li> The Greek Society of the Friends of the Ancients objected to the commercial use of Athena and Phevos as the official mascots of the 2004 Summer Olympics held in Athens . They felt that the caricatured representations of the Greek Gods Athena and Phoebus were disrespectful and culturally insensitive . In a BBC Radio interview on June 26 , 2004 , Dr. Pan . Marinis President of the Societas Hellenica Antiquariorum said that the mascots : </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> `` mock the spiritual values of the Hellenic Civilization by degrading these same holy personalities that were revered during the ancient Olympic Games . For these reasons we have proceeded to legal action demanding the punishment of those responsible . '' </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> In May 2006 an Athens court granted official recognition to the veneration of the Ancient Greek pantheon . Referring to the ruling , Father Eustathios Kollas , who presides over a community of Greek Orthodox priests , said : `` They are a handful of miserable resuscitators of a degenerate dead religion who wish to return to the monstrous dark delusions of the past . '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hellenismos portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Ellinais </Li> <Li> Greek mythology </Li> <Li> Hellenistic religion </Li> <Li> Gemistus Pletho </Li> <Li> Religion in modern Greece </Li> <Li> European Congress of Ethnic Religions </Li> <Li> Twelve Olympians </Li> <Li> Italo - Roman neopaganism </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Letter From Greece : The Gods Return to Olympus '' . Archaeology.org . Retrieved 2014 - 06

Believing in Greek gods is known as

What is it called when you believe in greek gods?

-8498847464685915036

2017 French Open - wikipedia <H1> 2017 French Open </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2017 French Open </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 28 May -- 11 June </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edition </Th> <Td> 121st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Grand Slam tournament </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Draw </Th> <Td> 128S / 64D / 32X </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prize money </Th> <Td> € 36,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Surface </Th> <Td> Clay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Paris ( XVI ) , France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> Roland Garros Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Champions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Men 's Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Rafael Nadal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Women 's Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Jeļena Ostapenko </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Men 's Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ryan Harrison / Michael Venus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Women 's Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bethanie Mattek - Sands / Lucie Šafářová </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mixed Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Gabriela Dabrowski / Rohan Bopanna </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Boys ' Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Alexei Popyrin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Girls ' Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Whitney Osuigwe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Boys ' Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Nicola Kuhn / Zsombor Piros </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Girls ' Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bianca Andreescu / Carson Branstine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Legends Under 45 Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sébastien Grosjean / Michaël Llodra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Women 's Legends Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tracy Austin / Kim Clijsters </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Legends Over 45 Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Mansour Bahrami / Fabrice Santoro </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wheelchair Men 's Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Alfie Hewett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wheelchair Women 's Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Yui Kamiji </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wheelchair Men 's Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Stéphane Houdet / Nicolas Peifer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wheelchair Women 's Doubles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Marjolein Buis / Yui Kamiji </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← 2016 </Td> <Td> French Open </Td> <Td> 2018 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2017 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 121st edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 28 May to 11 June and consisted of events for players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events . </P> <P> Novak Djokovic was the defending champion in the Men 's Singles , but he lost in the quarter - finals to Dominic Thiem . Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion in the Women 's Singles , but she lost in the 4th Round to Kristina Mladenovic . </P> <P> For the first time in French Open history , both reigning champions of the Australian Open ( Serena Williams and Roger Federer ) withdrew before the tournament began . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Tournament </Li> <Li> 2 Points and prize money <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Points distribution <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Senior points </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Wheelchair points </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Junior points </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Prize money </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Singles players </Li> <Li> 4 Day - by - day summaries </Li> <Li> 5 Singles seeds <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Men 's Singles <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Withdrawn players </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Women 's Singles <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Withdrawn players </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Doubles seeds <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Men 's Doubles </Li> <Li> 6.2 Women 's Doubles </Li> <Li> 6.3 Mixed Doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Main draw wildcard entries <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Men 's Singles </Li> <Li> 7.2 Women 's Singles </Li> <Li> 7.3 Men 's Doubles </Li> <Li> 7.4 Women 's Doubles </Li> <Li> 7.5 Mixed Doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Main draw qualifiers <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Men 's Singles </Li> <Li> 8.2 Women 's Singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Protected ranking </Li> <Li> 10 Champions <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Seniors <Ul> <Li> 10.1. 1 Men 's singles </Li> <Li> 10.1. 2 Women 's singles </Li> <Li> 10.1. 3 Men 's doubles </Li> <Li> 10.1. 4 Women 's doubles </Li> <Li> 10.1. 5 Mixed doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10.2 Juniors <Ul> <Li> 10.2. 1 Boys ' Singles </Li> <Li> 10.2. 2 Girls ' Singles </Li> <Li> 10.2. 3 Boys ' Doubles </Li> <Li> 10.2. 4 Girls ' Doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10.3 Wheelchair events <Ul> <Li> 10.3. 1 Wheelchair Men 's Singles </Li> <Li> 10.3. 2 Wheelchair Women 's Singles </Li> <Li> 10.3. 3 Wheelchair Men 's Doubles </Li> <Li> 10.3. 4 Wheelchair Women 's Doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10.4 Other events <Ul> <Li> 10.4. 1 Legends Under 45 Doubles </Li> <Li> 10.4. 2 Legends Over 45 Doubles </Li> <Li> 10.4. 3 Women 's Legends Doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Withdrawals </Li> <Li> 12 Retirements </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Tournament ( edit ) </H2> Court Philippe Chatrier where the Finals of the French Open took place . <P> The 2017 French Open was the 116th edition of the French Open and was held at Stade Roland Garros in Paris . </P> <P> The tournament is an event run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) and is part of the 2017 ATP World Tour and the 2017 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category . The tournament will consist of both men 's and women 's singles and doubles draws as well as a mixed doubles event . </P> <P> There is a singles and doubles events for both boys and girls ( players under 18 ) , which is part of the Grade A category of tournaments , and singles and doubles events for men 's and women 's wheelchair tennis players under the Grand Slam category . The tournament will be played on clay courts and will take place over a series of 22 courts , including the three main showcourts , Court Philippe Chatrier , Court Suzanne Lenglen and Court 1 . </P> <H2> Points and prize money ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Points distribution ( edit ) </H3> <P> Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event . </P> Senior points ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> Event </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> QF </Td> <Td> Round of 16 </Td> <Td> Round of 32 </Td> <Td> Round of 64 </Td> <Td> Round of 128 </Td> <Td> Q </Td> <Td> Q3 </Td> <Td> Q2 </Td> <Td> Q1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Men 's Singles </Th> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 1200 </Td> <Td> 720 </Td> <Td> 360 </Td> <Td> 180 </Td> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Men 's Doubles </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Women 's Singles </Th> <Td> 1300 </Td> <Td> 780 </Td> <Td> 430 </Td> <Td> 240 </Td> <Td> 130 </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Women 's Doubles </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Wheelchair points ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> Event </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SF / 3rd </Td> <Td> QF / 4th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> 800 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> 375 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Doubles </Th> <Td> 800 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quad Singles </Th> <Td> 800 </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quad Doubles </Th> <Td> 800 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Junior points ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> Event </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> QF </Td> <Td> Round of 16 </Td> <Td> Round of 32 </Td> <Td> Q </Td> <Td> Q3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Boys ' Singles </Th> <Td> 375 </Td> <Td> 270 </Td> <Td> 180 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Girls ' Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Boys ' Doubles </Th> <Td> 270 </Td> <Td> 180 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Girls ' Doubles </Th> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Prize money ( edit ) </H3> <P> The total prize money for the 2017 edition is € 36,000,000 , a 12 % increase compared to 2016 . The winners of the men 's and women 's singles title receive € 2,100,000 , an increase of € 100,000 compared to 2016 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Event </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SF </Td> <Td> QF </Td> <Td> Round of 16 </Td> <Td> Round of 32 </Td> <Td> Round of 64 </Td> <Td> Round of 128 </Td> <Td> Q3 </Td> <Td> Q2 </Td> <Td> Q1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Singles </Td> <Td> € 2,100,000 </Td> <Td> € 1,060,000 </Td> <Td> € 530,000 </Td> <Td> € 340,000 </Td> <Td> € 200,000 </Td> <Td> € 118,000 </Td> <Td> € 70,000 </Td> <Td> € 35,000 </Td> <Td> € 18,000 </Td> <Td> € 9,000 </Td> <Td> € 5,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doubles * </Td> <Td> € 540,000 </Td> <Td> € 270,000 </Td> <Td> € 132,000 </Td> <Td> € 72,000 </Td> <Td> € 39,000 </Td> <Td> € 21,000 </Td> <Td> € 10,500 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mixed Doubles * </Td> <Td> € 140,000 </Td> <Td> € 70,500 </Td> <Td> € 37,750 </Td> <Td> € 17,000 </Td> <Td> € 8,500 </Td> <Td> € 4,500 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wheelchair Singles </Td> <Td> € 35,000 </Td> <Td> € 17,500 </Td> <Td> € 8,500 </Td> <Td> € 4,500 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wheelchair Doubles * </Td> <Td> € 10,000 </Td> <Td> € 5,000 </Td> <Td> € 3,000 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Singles players ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> 2017 French Open -- Men 's Singles </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Champion </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Runner - up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Rafael Nadal ( 4 ) </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Stan Wawrinka ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Semifinals out </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Andy Murray ( 1 ) </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Dominic Thiem ( 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Quarterfinals out </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kei Nishikori ( 8 ) </Td> <Td> Marin Čilić ( 7 ) </Td>

The winners of the 2017 French Open tennis tournament in the men's double category were Ryan Harrison and

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Gotham by Gaslight - wikipedia <H1> Gotham by Gaslight </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Gotham by Gaslight </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Gotham by Gaslight ( February 1989 ) . Art by Mike Mignola . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Publication information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> DC Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> One - shot </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Steampunk , superhero </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> February 1989 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of issues </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main character ( s ) </Th> <Td> Batman Jack the Ripper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Creative team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Brian Augustyn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mike Mignola </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inker ( s ) </Th> <Td> P. Craig Russell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mark Waid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Collected editions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gotham by Gaslight </Th> <Td> ISBN 0 - 930289 - 67 - 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gotham by Gaslight ( inc . Master of the Future ) </Th> <Td> ISBN 1 - 4012 - 1153 - 4 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Gotham by Gaslight is a DC Comics one - shot by Brian Augustyn and Mike Mignola , with inks by P. Craig Russell . It spawned a sequel , Master of the Future ( 1991 ) , also written by Augustyn , with art by Eduardo Barreto . </P> <P> Gotham by Gaslight is considered to be the first Elseworlds story , where DC Comics heroes are taken out of their usual setting and put into alternate timelines or realities . And although it was not originally labelled as such , subsequent printings include the `` Elseworlds '' logo . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot Summaries <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Gotham by Gaslight </Li> <Li> 1.2 Master of the Future </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Collected editions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Spin - offs </Li> <Li> 5 In other media <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Film </Li> <Li> 5.2 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot summaries ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Gotham by Gaslight ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1889 , Bruce Wayne is on a tour of Europe which ends in Vienna . There he is studying under Dr. Freud . Bruce tells Freud that he has a recurring dream in which he recalls the murder of his parents and decides he must return to Gotham City . On the return trip , Bruce meets Jacob Packer , an old family friend whom he calls Uncle Jake , who also returned from a trip to Europe . </P> <P> Shortly after arriving , Inspector Gordon informs Wayne about criminal gangs currently operating in Gotham . Gordon also shows Bruce the case of a man who poisoned his wife and tried to commit suicide with the poison , which left him alive with a permanent grin . Bruce takes up the mantle of Batman to fight criminals on the street . </P> <P> At the same time , a series of murders of women take place and some people begin to suspect that Batman is the murderer . It is soon discovered that Jack the Ripper has come to Gotham , as the murders in Gotham City seem to resemble the Ripper murders . </P> <P> After a search of Wayne Manor , a bloody knife is found under Bruce 's bed and Bruce is arrested . A trial is held in which Uncle Jake is Bruce 's defense attorney . After the trial , Bruce is convicted of being the Ripper and sentenced to be hanged for his crimes . Bruce is imprisoned in Arkham Asylum . </P> <P> Once Bruce is in prison , Gordon gives him all the documentation on the crimes . Bruce toils day and night to try to figure out how he can get the Ripper . Just one day before the execution , Bruce learns the identity of the Ripper by discovering he had the skill of a surgeon and used a knife that belonged to the medical group who worked with his father . Bruce escapes from prison with the help of Alfred and heads straight for the Ripper . </P> <P> Batman interrupts the Ripper as he is about to claim his next victim . Batman chases the Ripper throughout Gotham and the two eventually come to a stop at the grave of Thomas and Martha Wayne , where it is revealed that Jacob Packer is the Ripper . Packer had been trained in medicine and law with the money of Thomas Wayne , but he was driven insane by Martha Wayne 's rejection of his advances . Since then he was killing women who resemble Martha to silence the laughter of Martha he heard in his head . </P> <P> Packer reveals that he hired an assassin to kill Bruce 's parents . Gordon appears at this time with the police and Batman tells them to arrest Packer . Packer confesses that he is the Ripper and tries to kill Batman , but Gordon shoots Packer dead at the last minute . Batman disappears into the shadows , leaving Gordon to take in the body of Jack the Ripper . </P> <H3> Master of the Future ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1892 , three years later , Bruce has `` retired '' his alter - ego and is engaged to be married . Having brought his parents ' murderer to justice , he has come to regard being Batman as a childish fancy , and intends to devote his life to more serious pursuits . Others believe that Gotham City needs Batman more than ever , namely now - Commissioner Gordon and Bruce 's own fiancée , Julie ( whom Batman rescued from a late - night assault ) . </P> <P> At a City Council meeting , Mayor Tolliver ( the former Police Commissioner who aggressively prosecuted Bruce as the suspected Ripper ) is promoting Gotham 's hosting of the `` American Discovery Exposition '' to market Gotham as the `` City of the Future '' . The meeting is interrupted by the flamboyant Alexandre LeRoi , who demands that he be proclaimed master of the city , or else he will burn it to the ground . He leaps out the window before he can be arrested , and Tolliver insists that the fair proceed . </P> <P> While the fairgrounds are being erected , a Maxim Gun on an automated carriage rolls in and opens fire . Bruce , in attendance , pushes Tolliver out of the line of fire and disables the machine . </P> <P> On the opening day of the fair , LeRoi kidnaps Tolliver from his mansion and takes him aboard an airship , forcing him to watch as LeRoi focuses a giant burning glass on the fair 's main pavilion , before LeRoi throws Tolliver over the side to his death . Bruce is desperate to act , when Alfred arrives with his costume . </P> <P> With the police fully occupied , Julie runs into the burning pavilion to rescue a small girl , but both of them are trapped by falling debris . Batman saves them , then fashions an improvised glider and takes off after LeRoi 's airship . The two men engage in a brutal rapier duel that disables LeRoi 's robotic pilot `` Antonio '' , causing the airship to drift off course and become unstable . Noticing this , Batman urges LeRoi to surrender and abandon ship , but LeRoi refuses to believe him . Batman jumps overboard , but LeRoi is trapped as the airship crashes into the ocean and explodes . More than a hundred people are killed by LeRoi 's fires , but further fatalities and destruction are prevented by the Gotham Police and firefighters . LeRoi is presumed dead , although he is shown to have survived the crash . </P> <P> Batman confronts Councilman Franklin Claypool , who confesses to being LeRoi 's accomplice and providing him with information for his attack . Claypool secretly owns a large portion of Gotham City 's slum housing , which he expected to sell profitably through his proposed redevelopment program , but the program was pushed aside by Tolliver in favor of the fair . LeRoi agreed to target Claypool 's properties , allowing Claypool to collect a lucrative insurance payout , but Claypool never intended the deaths LeRoi 's actions caused , and so does not resist when Gordon arrives to arrest him . </P> <P> Bruce and Julie are walking along a hilltop overlooking the city , when she reveals that she recognized him at the fair , even through his mask . Apprehensively , he asks her what she plans to do , and she replies , what she has always done : continue to love and encourage him , especially now that they both agree that Gotham still needs Batman . </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Gotham by Gaslight , which retroactively became the first official Elseworlds publication , was initially released as a 52 - page one - shot in February 1989 . It was written by Brian Augustyn and pencilled by Mike Mignola , with inks by P. Craig Russell . Two years later , the 68 - page sequel Batman : Master of the Future -- also written by Augustyn , but with art by Eduardo Barreto -- was released , this time officially labelled an Elseworlds publication . </P> <P> In 2006 , in the wake of the DC event Infinite Crisis ( which reshuffled the DC Multiverse ) , the Gotham by Gaslight world was identified as `` Earth - 19 '' . </P> <P> Prior to its appearance in Countdown Presents : The Search for Ray Palmer : Gotham by Gaslight ( January 2008 ) , the two one - shot issues were collected into one 112 - page trade paperback volume ( which was released under the same name , and with the same Mignola cover as the one - shot release ) . </P> <H3> Collected editions ( edit ) </H3> <P> The two stories have been collected into a trade paperback . </P> <Ul> <Li> Gotham by Gaslight , August 2006 , DC Comics , ISBN 1 - 4012 - 1153 - 4 ( Titan Books , ISBN 1 - 84576 - 403 - X ) , collects : <Ul> <Li> Gotham by Gaslight , 48 pages , DC Comics , November 1989 , ISBN 0 - 930289 - 67 - 6 ( Titan Books , December 1989 , ISBN 1 - 85286 - 265 - 3 ) </Li> <Li> Master of the Future , 63 pages , DC Comics , December 1991 , ISBN 1 - 56389 - 015 - 1 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> IGN Comics ranked Gotham by Gaslight # 11 on a list of the 25 greatest Batman graphic novels , saying that the comic is `` as taut and well - conceived a graphic novel as you can find -- Elseworlds or otherwise , '' they add , `` quite simply , no other Elseworlds tale has managed such a brilliant concept nor executed it so perfectly . '' </P> <P> Gotham by Gaslight was not the highest - ranking Elseworlds story on the list , as Batman & Dracula : Red Rain ranked higher at # 9 . </P>

In the comic book series "Gotham by Gaslight", Jack the Ripper is revealed to be

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3D modeling - wikipedia <H1> 3D modeling </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about computer modeling within an artistic medium . For scientific usage , see Computer simulation . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Three - dimensional ( 3D ) computer graphics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fundamentals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Modeling </Li> <Li> Scanning </Li> <Li> Rendering </Li> <Li> Printing </Li> <Li> Software </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Primary uses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3D models </Li> <Li> Computer - aided design </Li> <Li> Graphic design </Li> <Li> Video games </Li> <Li> Visual effects </Li> <Li> Visualization </Li> <Li> Virtual engineering </Li> <Li> Virtual reality </Li> <Li> Virtual cinematography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Computer - generated imagery ( CGI ) </Li> <Li> Animation <Ul> <Li> computer </Li> <Li> skeletal </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3D display </Li> <Li> Wireframe model </Li> <Li> Texture mapping </Li> <Li> Motion capture </Li> <Li> Crowd simulation </Li> <Li> Global illumination </Li> <Li> Volume rendering </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In 3D computer graphics , 3D modeling ( or three - dimensional modeling ) is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object ( either inanimate or living ) in three dimensions via specialized software . The product is called a 3D model . Someone who works with 3D models may be referred to as a 3D artist . It can be displayed as a two - dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena . The model can also be physically created using 3D printing devices . </P> <P> Models may be created automatically or manually . The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting . </P> <P> 3D modeling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models . Individual programs of this class are called modeling applications or modelers . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Models <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Representation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Modeling process <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Human models </Li> <Li> 2.2 3D Clothing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Compared to 2D methods </Li> <Li> 4 3D model market </Li> <Li> 5 3D printing </Li> <Li> 6 Uses </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Models ( edit ) </H2> Three - dimensional model of a spectrograph <P> Three - dimensional ( 3D ) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space , connected by various geometric entities such as triangles , lines , curved surfaces , etc . Being a collection of data ( points and other information ) , 3D models can be created by hand , algorithmically ( procedural modeling ) , or scanned . Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping . </P> <P> 3D models are widely used anywhere in 3D graphics and CAD . Their use predates the widespread use of 3D graphics on personal computers . Many computer games used pre-rendered images of 3D models as sprites before computers could render them in real - time . </P> <P> Today , 3D models are used in a wide variety of fields . The medical industry uses detailed models of organs ; these may be created with multiple 2 - D image slices from an MRI or CT scan . The movie industry uses them as characters and objects for animated and real - life motion pictures . The video game industry uses them as assets for computer and video games . The science sector uses them as highly detailed models of chemical compounds . The architecture industry uses them to demonstrate proposed buildings and landscapes in lieu of traditional , physical architectural models . The engineering community uses them as designs of new devices , vehicles and structures as well as a host of other uses . In recent decades the earth science community has started to construct 3D geological models as a standard practice . 3D models can also be the basis for physical devices that are built with 3D printers or CNC machines . </P> <H3> Representation ( edit ) </H3> A modern render of the iconic Utah teapot model developed by Martin Newell ( 1975 ) . The Utah teapot is one of the most common models used in 3D graphics education . <P> Almost all 3D models can be divided into two categories . </P> <Ul> <Li> Solid -- These models define the volume of the object they represent ( like a rock ) . Solid models are mostly used for engineering and medical simulations , and are usually built with constructive solid geometry </Li> <Li> Shell / boundary -- these models represent the surface , e.g. the boundary of the object , not its volume ( like an infinitesimally thin eggshell ) . Almost all visual models used in games and film are shell models . </Li> </Ul> <P> Solid and shell modeling can create functionally identical objects . Differences between them are mostly variations in the way they are created and edited and conventions of use in various fields and differences in types of approximations between the model and reality . </P> <P> Shell models must be manifold ( having no holes or cracks in the shell ) to be meaningful as a real object . Polygonal meshes ( and to a lesser extent subdivision surfaces ) are by far the most common representation . Level sets are a useful representation for deforming surfaces which undergo many topological changes such as fluids . </P> <P> The process of transforming representations of objects , such as the middle point coordinate of a sphere and a point on its circumference into a polygon representation of a sphere , is called tessellation . This step is used in polygon - based rendering , where objects are broken down from abstract representations ( `` primitives '' ) such as spheres , cones etc. , to so - called meshes , which are nets of interconnected triangles . Meshes of triangles ( instead of e.g. squares ) are popular as they have proven to be easy to rasterise ( the surface described by each triangle is planar , so the projection is always convex ) ; . Polygon representations are not used in all rendering techniques , and in these cases the tessellation step is not included in the transition from abstract representation to rendered scene . </P> <H2> Modeling process ( edit ) </H2> 3D polygonal modelling of a human face . <P> There are three popular ways to represent a model : </P> <Ul> <Li> Polygonal modeling -- Points in 3D space , called vertices , are connected by line segments to form a polygon mesh . The vast majority of 3D models today are built as textured polygonal models , because they are flexible and because computers can render them so quickly . However , polygons are planar and can only approximate curved surfaces using many polygons . </Li> <Li> Curve modeling -- Surfaces are defined by curves , which are influenced by weighted control points . The curve follows ( but does not necessarily interpolate ) the points . Increasing the weight for a point will pull the curve closer to that point . Curve types include nonuniform rational B - spline ( NURBS ) , splines , patches , and geometric primitives </Li> <Li> Digital sculpting -- Still a fairly new method of modeling , 3D sculpting has become very popular in the few years it has been around . There are currently three types of digital sculpting : Displacement , which is the most widely used among applications at this moment , uses a dense model ( often generated by subdivision surfaces of a polygon control mesh ) and stores new locations for the vertex positions through use of an image map that stores the adjusted locations . Volumetric , loosely based on voxels , has similar capabilities as displacement but does not suffer from polygon stretching when there are not enough polygons in a region to achieve a deformation . Dynamic tessellation is similar to voxel but divides the surface using triangulation to maintain a smooth surface and allow finer details . These methods allow for very artistic exploration as the model will have a new topology created over it once the models form and possibly details have been sculpted . The new mesh will usually have the original high resolution mesh information transferred into displacement data or normal map data if for a game engine . </Li> </Ul> A 3D fantasy fish composed of organic surfaces generated using LAI4D . <P> The modeling stage consists of shaping individual objects that are later used in the scene . There are a number of modeling techniques , including : </P> <Ul> <Li> Constructive solid geometry </Li> <Li> Implicit surfaces </Li> <Li> Subdivision surfaces </Li> </Ul> <P> Modeling can be performed by means of a dedicated program ( e.g. , Cinema 4D , Maya , 3ds Max , Blender , LightWave , Modo ) or an application component ( Shaper , Lofter in 3ds Max ) or some scene description language ( as in POV - Ray ) . In some cases , there is no strict distinction between these phases ; in such cases modeling is just part of the scene creation process ( this is the case , for example , with Caligari trueSpace and Realsoft 3D ) . </P> <P> Complex materials such as blowing sand , clouds , and liquid sprays are modeled with particle systems , and are a mass of 3D coordinates which have either points , polygons , texture splats , or sprites assigned to them . </P> <H3> Human models ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Virtual actor <P> The first widely available commercial application of human virtual models appeared in 1998 on the Lands ' End web site . The human virtual models were created by the company My Virtual Mode Inc. and enabled users to create a model of themselves and try on 3D clothing . There are several modern programs that allow for the creation of virtual human models ( Poser being one example ) . </P> <H3> 3D clothing ( edit ) </H3> Dynamic 3D Clothing Model made in Marvelous Designer <P> The development of cloth simulation software such as Marvelous Designer , CLO3D and Optitex , has enabled artists and fashion designers to model dynamic 3D clothing on the computer . Dynamic 3D clothing is used for virtual fashion catalogs , as well as for dressing 3D characters for video games , 3D animation movies , for digital doubles in movies as well as for making clothes for avatars in virtual worlds such as SecondLife . </P> <H2> Compared to 2D methods ( edit ) </H2> A fully textured and lit rendering of a 3D model . <P> 3D photorealistic effects are often achieved without wireframe modeling and are sometimes indistinguishable in the final form . Some graphic art software includes filters that can be applied to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers . </P> <P> Advantages of wireframe 3D modeling over exclusively 2D methods include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Flexibility , ability to change angles or animate images with quicker rendering of the changes ; </Li> <Li> Ease of rendering , automatic calculation and rendering photorealistic effects rather than mentally visualizing or estimating ; </Li> <Li> Accurate photorealism , less chance of human error in misplacing , overdoing , or forgetting to include a visual effect . </Li>

A visual or mathematical representation of an object or a process can be

What can be a visual or mathematical representation of an object or a process?

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up the Button , which teleports him away to an unknown location . Thawne is then teleported back to the Batcave , having been bathed in radiation by a mysterious entity . As he collapses , Thawne says `` God ... I saw ... God . '' In the following issue , Batman and the Flash come across Thawne in possession of the Button shortly before his apparent death , and follow him in an attempt to prevent it . As he follows the traces leading to the entity , Thawne muses that he may go back in time to raise his nemesis as a `` family friend '' after killing his mother , but he is seemingly killed and teleported back to the Batcave . </P> <P> Eobard 's corpse is subsequently taken to S.T.A.R. Labs for further examination , but it is revealed that he was able to survive his near - death experience via his connection to the negative Speed Force , the energy of which grants him accelerated regeneration and healing . He is present at Iris West 's house when she arrives with her nephew following Multiplex 's attack at Barry 's birthday party , shocking and terrifying the pair . </P> <P> Eobard brutally beats Wally West II , denouncing him as a fake , and then brings Iris to the future while Barry pursues them . Eobard shows the couple their future , and attempts to imprison Barry in the Negative Speed Force . This backfires as it leads to Barry absorbing the power of the Negative Speed Force and using it to strip Thawne of his speed . Barry declares that their rivalry is done , but Eobard vows that he will get back his powers and keep coming back to torment Barry , before being seemingly killed by Iris . Eobard later returns ( possibly resurrected after regaining his connection to the Negative Speed Force ) as a member of the Secret Society of Super Villains that kidnapped Deathstroke . </P> <H2> Powers and abilities ( edit ) </H2> <P> Even prior to gaining his metahuman abilities , Eobard Thawne already possessed genius - level intellect by the standards of the 25th Century . In The Flash : Rebirth , it is discovered that when he duplicated the accident that gave Barry Allen his powers , he created a negative Speed Force by corrupting the positive version of it . The Reverse - Flash is therefore able to travel at superhuman speeds faster than the speed of light , deliver blows of extreme force , run on water , generate vacuums , create after - images ( `` speed mirages '' ) of himself , and vibrate his molecules to pass through solid objects . Unlike users of the original Speed Force , Thawne has the ability to travel through and manipulate time , being able to drastically alter history and completely erase people from existence ( other speedsters can not change the past without dramatic consequences ) . Thawne developed numerous new powers in the events leading up to Flashpoint , including the ability to cross over to other dimensions , create shockwaves across time and space at the snap of his fingers , absorb another 's memories via physical contact , and alter the age of anyone or anything . Thawne has also displayed low levels of superhuman strength , as well as electrokinetic abilities . The presence of his lightning is able to disrupt and fry nearby electronics , in addition to allowing him to manipulate magnetism . </P> <P> During the New 52 reboot , Thawne gained the ability to slow down time . He retained his pre-New 52 counterpart 's age altering abilities . In the DC Rebirth relaunch , however , Thawne regained his connection to the negative Speed Force and therefore all of his original powers . </P> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Impulse ( edit ) </H3> <P> In an alternate timeline created when Impulse kills an insect in the Devonian Age , most super-villains are government bureaucrats . Professor Zoom is the National Science Advisor to President - for - Life Julian Tremain . </P> <P> In subsequent changes to the timeline , Zoom defected to the rebellion against Tremain led by Gorilla Grodd ; turned into a gorilla fighting against an army of flying turtles led by Grodd , now a flying turtle himself ; and was a gorilla in a modern society identical to that of ancient Egypt . </P> <H2> In other media ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Fan series ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> This character is seen in the YouTube fan series Reverse Flash : Origins </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Colin K. Bass portrays Eobard Thawne / Reverse Flash . </Li> <Li> This is a series that is currently airing on the Nerdbot YouTube channel . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> The character is alluded to in the episode `` Done With Mirrors '' of the 1990 live - action series The Flash , when Barry Allen temporarily takes the pseudonym ' Professor Zoom ' while investigating the Mirror Master . </Li> <Li> Professor Zoom appears in Batman : The Brave and the Bold , voiced by John Wesley Shipp . In the episode `` Requiem for a Scarlet Speedster ! '' , Zoom has conquered the 25th Century and captured the Flash ( Barry Allen ) . Batman , Jay Garrick and Wally West later arrive to free Barry , who then engages Zoom in a fight around the world . The battle ends when the Flash glazes some sand to form a wall of glass to trip Zoom . </Li> </Ul> Arrowverse ( edit ) Tom Cavanagh as Eobard Thawne / Reverse - Flash in The CW 's Superhero Fight Club promotional video . <P> Tom Cavanagh and Matt Letscher portray Eobard Thawne / Reverse - Flash in The CW 's live - action Arrowverse as Dr. Harrison Wells and in his original likeness , respectively . </P> <Ul> <Li> Professor Eobard Thawne is introduced on The Flash as a scientist from the future who duplicated the reaction that gave Barry Allen / The Flash his powers and became the hero 's archenemy , the Reverse - Flash . Eobard travelled back in time to the year 2000 to kill his nemesis as a child . When the 2024 Flash intervened , the Reverse - Flash murdered Barry 's mother and framed his father instead , thus erasing this Flash from existence while unintentionally severing his own connection to the Speed Force , leaving him stranded in the 21st Century . Knowing that Dr. Harrison Wells would be responsible for creating metahumans in 2020 , Eobard killed the scientist and assumed his identity . He then founded S.T.A.R. Labs and created a particle accelerator to turn Barry into the Flash and regain his own link to the Speed Force . Faking paralysis , `` Dr. Wells '' pushes Barry to run faster in hopes of using the latter 's pure Speed Force connection to travel back to his time . After Eobard 's secret is discovered , he is captured by the Flash , the Arrow , and Firestorm . Eobard then offers Barry a chance to travel back in time to save his mother in exchange for a time sphere to return to the future , but Barry ultimately chooses not to do so and returns to destroy Eobard 's machine . As the Reverse - Flash prepares to kill the Flash , his ancestor Detective Eddie Thawne kills himself and seemingly erases Eobard from existence . A year later , Barry temporarily creates a new reality and restores a time remnant of Eobard to the timeline in the process . </Li> <Li> Letscher plays Thawne 's time remnant in season two of Legends of Tomorrow . Victor Garber and Sean MacLean briefly play the character disguised as Professor Martin Stein and NASA astronaut John Swigert , respectively . Eobard forms his own legion of supervillains ( composed of Damien Darhk , Malcolm Merlyn and Leonard Snart ) to obtain the mystical Spear of Destiny to alter reality , but is ultimately erased from existence by the Black Flash due to his nature as a `` time aberration '' . </Li> <Li> Cavanagh reprises his role as Thawne in the 2017 four - part crossover event `` Crisis on Earth - X '' . Somehow surviving his erasure from existence at the end of The Flash 's first season , Eobard travelled to Earth - X , a parallel universe where the Axis powers won World War II , and formed an alliance with the Nazi versions of Oliver Queen , Kara Zor - El and Tommy Merlyn there in an attempt to conquer Earth - 1 . When his allies are killed during the final battle , Thawne escapes and vows to return . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Professor Zoom appears as the main antagonist in Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox ( 2013 ) , voiced by C. Thomas Howell . He hires the Rogues to ambush the Flash ( Barry Allen ) at the Flash Museum before betraying them by placing explosives on their belts to destroy the museum . However , the Justice League arrive to disarm the bombs and apprehend Zoom . When Barry travels back in time to prevent Nora Allen 's murder , all of reality is altered , and Aquaman 's Atlantean army is at war with Wonder Woman 's Amazonian forces . Zoom enters this reality via the Speed Force and saves Lois Lane from the Amazonians to alert Barry of his presence . While Cyborg 's metahuman team tries to put an end to the war , Zoom appears and beats Barry . As the Atlanteans ' doomsday device destroys the world , Zoom is shot in the head by this reality 's Batman . The Flash then taps into the Speed Force once more to stop his past self from altering time , effectively creating a new reality similar to the original . </Li> <Li> The Reverse - Flash appears as the main antagonist in the film Lego DC Comics Super Heroes : The Flash , voiced by Dwight Schultz . </Li> <Li> Professor Zoom returns as the main antagonist in Suicide Squad : Hell to Pay with C. Thomas Howell reprising his role . In the course of the film , it is revealed that Thawne is barely keeping himself alive after being fatally shot by the Flashpoint Batman , consolidating his speed to draw out the moment of his death , keeping himself alive despite having a large hole in his head . However , this leaves him with only a limited amount of speed force energy to use before he will exhaust the last of his power , which will kill him for good . He attempts to acquire a ' Get Out of Hell Free ' card that would allow him to ascend to Heaven and escape his fate , but Bronze Tiger and Deadshot are able to take the card from him as Deadshot attracts his attention before Bronze Tiger cuts off Thawne 's fingers as he holds the card as Deadshot fires multiple shoots at Zoom ( forming an `` X '' in the villain 's body ) and shoots his head , killing him once and for all . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Video games ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Professor Zoom appears in various storylines in DC Universe Online . </Li> <Li> Professor Zoom is one of the villains recruited by Brainiac to collect Starites in Scribblenauts Unmasked : A DC Comics Adventure . He teams up with Doppelgänger to compete against the Flash and Maxwell . </Li> <Li> The Reverse - Flash appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Batman 3 : Beyond Gotham , voiced by Liam O'Brien . </Li> </Ul> Injustice ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Eobard Thawne is featured in Injustice : Gods Among Us . His Black Lantern design was a playable

In the TV show, Barry Allen's mom was killed by

Who killed barry allen's mom tv show?

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Stadion ( running race ) - wikipedia <H1> Stadion ( running race ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the ancient running event and building . For other uses , see Stadion ( disambiguation ) . The stadion of ancient Nemea , Greece . <P> Stadion or stade ( Ancient Greek : στάδιον ) was an ancient running event , part of the Ancient Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games . It was one of the five major Pentathlon events . It was the premier event of the gymnikos agon ( nude competition ) . From the years 776 to 724 BC , the stadion was the only event that took place at the Olympic Games . The victor gave his name to the entire four - year Olympiad , which has allowed scholars to know the names of nearly every ancient Olympic stadion winner . </P> <P> The stadion was named after the building in which it took place , also called the stadion . This word became stadium in Latin , which became the English word stadium . There were other types of running events , but the stadion was the most prestigious ; the winner was often considered to be the winner of an entire Games . Though a separate event , the stadion was also part of the ancient Pentathlon . </P> <P> At the Olympic Games , the stadion ( building ) was big enough for 20 competitors , and the race was a 200 yd ( 180 m ) sprint , but the original stadion track in Olympia measures approximately 210 yd ( 190 m ) . The race began with a trumpet blow , with officials ( the agonothetai - ἀγωνοθέται ) at the starting blocks to make sure there were no false starts . There were also officials at the end to decide on a winner and to make sure no one had cheated . If the officials decided there was a tie , the race would be re-run . Runners started the race from a standing position , probably with their arms stretched out in front of them , instead of starting in a crouch like modern runners . They ran naked on a packed earth track . By the fifth century , the track was marked by a stone - starting line , the balbis . Advancements in this stone starting block led to it having a set of double grooves ( 10 -- 12 cm ( 3.9 -- 4.7 in ) apart ) in which the runner placed his toes . The design of these grooves were intended to give the runner leverage for his start . </P> <P> The winner of the stadion in the first Olympic Games was Coroebus of Elis . </P> <P> The race gave its name to the unit of length , the Stadion . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Running in Ancient Greece </Li> <Li> Olympic winners of the Stadion race </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Miller , Stephen G. ( 2004 ) . Ancient Greek Athletics . New Haven : Yale University Press . p. 31 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Harris , H.A. ( 1964 ) . Greek Athletes and Athletics . London : Hutchinson . pp. 65 -- 66 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Miller , p. 35 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Ancient Olympic Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sports </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Foot races </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Diaulos </Li> <Li> Dolichos </Li> <Li> Hoplitodromos </Li> <Li> Stadion </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Horse races </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Apene </Li> <Li> Chariot of polos </Li> <Li> Decapolon </Li> <Li> Kalpe </Li> <Li> Keles </Li> <Li> Perfect chariot </Li> <Li> Polos </Li> <Li> Synoris </Li> <Li> Synoris of polos </Li> <Li> Tethrippon </Li> <Li> Tethrippon of polos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Combat </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boxing </Li> <Li> Pankration </Li> <Li> Wrestling </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Special </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Herald and Trumpet contest </Li> <Li> Pentathlon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winners </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Acanthus of Sparta </Li> <Li> Agasias of Arcadia </Li> <Li> Agesarchus of Tritaea </Li> <Li> Alcibiades of Athens </Li> <Li> Alexander I of Macedon </Li> <Li> Anaxilas of Messenia </Li> <Li> Aratus of Sicyon </Li> <Li> Archelaus I of Macedon </Li> <Li> Arrhichion of Phigalia </Li> <Li> Arsinoe II </Li> <Li> Astylos of Croton </Li> <Li> Berenice I of Egypt </Li> <Li> Bilistiche </Li> <Li> Chaeron of Pellene </Li> <Li> Chilon of Patras </Li> <Li> Chionis of Sparta </Li> <Li> Cimon Coalemos </Li> <Li> Coroebus of Elis </Li> <Li> Cylon of Athens </Li> <Li> Cynisca of Sparta </Li> <Li> Damarchus </Li> <Li> Demaratus of Sparta </Li> <Li> Desmon of Corinth </Li> <Li> Diagoras of Rhodes </Li> <Li> Diocles of Corinth </Li> <Li> Ergoteles of Himera </Li> <Li> Euryleonis </Li> <Li> Herodorus of Megara </Li> <Li> Hiero I of Syracuse </Li> <Li> Hypenus of Elis </Li> <Li> Hysmon of Elis </Li> <Li> Iccus of Taranto </Li> <Li> Leonidas of Rhodes </Li> <Li> Leophron </Li> <Li> Milo of Croton </Li> <Li> Nero Caesar Augustus </Li> <Li> Oebotas of Dyme </Li> <Li> Onomastus of Smyrna </Li> <Li> Orsippus of Megara </Li> <Li> Peisistratos of Athens </Li> <Li> Phanas of Pellene </Li> <Li> Philinus of Cos </Li> <Li> Philip II of Macedon </Li> <Li> Philippus of Croton </Li> <Li> Phrynon of Athens </Li> <Li> Polydamas of Skotoussa </Li> <Li> Pythagoras of Laconia </Li> <Li> Pythagoras of Samos </Li> <Li> Sostratus of Pellene </Li> <Li> Theagenes of Thasos </Li> <Li> Theron of Acragas </Li> <Li> Tiberius Caesar Augustus </Li> <Li> Timasitheus of Delphi </Li> <Li> Troilus of Elis </Li> <Li> Varazdat of Armenia </Li> <Li> Xenophon of Aegium </Li> <Li> Xenophon of Corinth </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lists of winners </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ancient Olympic victors </Li> <Li> Stadion race </Li> <Li> Archaic period </Li> <Li> Classical period </Li> <Li> Hellenistic period </Li> <Li> Roman period </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> Olympia </Li> <Li> Archaeological Museum of Olympia </Li> <Li> Statue of Zeus at Olympia </Li> <Li> Temple of Zeus at Olympia </Li> <Li> Modern Olympic Games </Li> <Li> Ancient Greek Olympic festivals </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Ancient Olympic sports </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Boxing </Li> <Li> Chariot racing </Li> <Li> Diaulos </Li> <Li> Dolichos </Li> <Li> Hoplitodromos </Li> <Li> Pankration </Li> <Li> Pentathlon </Li> <Li> Stadion </Li> <Li> Wrestling </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Athletics events </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Track and field </Li> <Li> Road running </Li> <Li> Racewalking </Li> <Li> Racerunning </Li> <Li> Cross country running </Li> <Li> Multi-day race </Li> <Li> Ultramarathon </Li> <Li> Wheelchair racing </Li> <Li> Backward running </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Track </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Sprints </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 50 m </Li> <Li> 55 m </Li> <Li> 60 m </Li> <Li> 100 y </Li> <Li> 100 m </Li> <Li> 150 m </Li> <Li> 200 m ( straight ) </Li> <Li> 300 m </Li> <Li> 400 m </Li> <Li> 500 m </Li> <Li> 600 m </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hurdles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 50 m </Li> <Li> 55 m </Li> <Li> 60 m </Li> <Li> 80 m </Li> <Li> 100 m </Li> <Li> 110 m </Li> <Li> 200 m ( low ) </Li> <Li> 300 m </Li> <Li> 400 m </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Middle - distance </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 800 m </Li> <Li> 1000 m </Li> <Li> 1500 m </Li> <Li> One mile </Li> <Li> 2000 m </Li> <Li> 2000 m steeplechase </Li> <Li> 3000 m </Li> <Li> 3000 m steeplechase </Li> <Li> Two miles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Long - distance </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5000 m </Li> <Li> 10,000 m </Li> <Li> One hour run </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relays </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 4 × 100 m </Li> <Li> 4 × 200 m </Li> <Li> 4 × 400 m </Li> <Li> 4 × 800 m </Li> <Li> 4 × 1500 m </Li> <Li> Distance medley relay </Li> <Li> Sprint medley relay </Li> <Li> Swedish relay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Walking </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mile </Li> <Li> 3000 m </Li> <Li> 5000 m </Li> <Li> 10,000 m </Li> <Li> 15,000 m </Li> <Li> 20,000 m </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Throws </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discus </Li> <Li> Hammer </Li> <Li> Javelin </Li> <Li> Shot put </Li> <Li> Weight throw </Li> <Li> Softball throw </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jumps </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> High jump ( standing ) </Li> <Li> Long jump ( standing ) </Li> <Li> Triple jump ( standing ) </Li> <Li> Pole vault </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Combined </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Decathlon </Li> <Li> Heptathlon </Li> <Li> Athletics pentathlon <Ul> <Li> Women 's pentathlon </Li> <Li> Throws pentathlon </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Road </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Running </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 km </Li> <Li> 10 km </Li> <Li> 15 km </Li> <Li> 10 mi </Li> <Li> 20 km </Li> <Li> Half marathon </Li> <Li> 25 km </Li> <Li> 30 km </Li> <Li> Marathon </Li> <Li> Ekiden </Li> <Li> Ultramarathon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Walking </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 10 km </Li> <Li> 20 km </Li> <Li> 50 km </Li> <Li> 50 mi </Li> <Li> 100 km </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current Olympic events shown in italics </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stadion_(running_race)&oldid=807149632 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Ancient Olympic sports </Li> <Li> Running competitions </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing Ancient Greek - 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The winner of the first ancient Olympic 200 yard race was

Who won first ancient olympic 200 yard race?

-1904757966771983046

Speedometer - Wikipedia <H1> Speedometer </H1> Jump to : navigation , search An animation of an electronic Aston Martin speedometer 's self - test routine , showing how an analogue speedometer needle may indicate the vehicle 's speed . A Ford speedometer A modern Toyota Corolla Speedometer Dashboard_Speedometers of a jeep <P> A speedometer or a speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle . Now universally fitted to motor vehicles , they started to be available as options in the 1900s , and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards . Speedometers for other vehicles have specific names and use other means of sensing speed . For a boat , this is a pit log . For an aircraft , this is an airspeed indicator . </P> <P> Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer , which were usually fitted to locomotives . </P> <P> The electric speedometer was invented by the Croatian Josip Belušić in 1888 , and was originally called a velocimeter . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Operation <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Electronic <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Bicycle speedometers </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Error <Ul> <Li> 2.1 International agreements </Li> <Li> 2.2 Australia </Li> <Li> 2.3 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 2.4 United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Regulation in the US </Li> <Li> 4 GPS </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Operation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Originally patented by Otto Schultze on October 7 , 1902 , it uses a rotating flexible cable usually driven by gearing linked to the output of the vehicle 's transmission . The early Volkswagen Beetle and many motorcycles , however , use a cable driven from a front wheel . </P> <P> When the vehicle is in motion , a speedometer gear assembly turns a speedometer cable , which then turns the speedometer mechanism itself . A small permanent magnet affixed to the speedometer cable interacts with a small aluminum cup ( called a speedcup ) attached to the shaft of the pointer on the analogue speedometer instrument . As the magnet rotates near the cup , the changing magnetic field produces eddy currents in the cup , which themselves produce another magnetic field . The effect is that the magnet exerts a torque on the cup , `` dragging '' it , and thus the speedometer pointer , in the direction of its rotation with no mechanical connection between them . </P> <P> The pointer shaft is held toward zero by a fine torsion spring . The torque on the cup increases with the speed of rotation of the magnet . Thus an increase in the speed of the car will twist the cup and speedometer pointer against the spring . The cup and pointer will turn until the torque of the eddy currents on the cup is balanced by the opposing torque of the spring , and then stop . Given the torque on the cup is proportional to the car 's speed , and the spring 's deflection is proportional to the torque , the angle of the pointer is also proportional to the speed , so that equally spaced markers on the dial can be used for gaps in speed . At a given speed the pointer will remain motionless and pointing to the appropriate number on the speedometer 's dial . </P> <P> The return spring is calibrated such that a given revolution speed of the cable corresponds to a specific speed indication on the speedometer . This calibration must take into account several factors , including ratios of the tailshaft gears that drive the flexible cable , the final drive ratio in the differential , and the diameter of the driven tires . </P> <P> One of the key disadvantages of the eddy current speedometer is that it can not show the vehicle speed when running in reverse gear since the cup would turn in the opposite direction - in this scenario the needle would be driven against its mechanical stop pin on the zero position . </P> <H3> Electronic ( edit ) </H3> See also : Vehicle speed sensor <P> Many modern speedometers are electronic . In designs derived from earlier eddy - current models , a rotation sensor mounted in the transmission delivers a series of electronic pulses whose frequency corresponds to the ( average ) rotational speed of the driveshaft , and therefore the vehicle 's speed , assuming the wheels have full traction . The sensor is typically a set of one or more magnets mounted on the output shaft or ( in transaxles ) differential crownwheel , or a toothed metal disk positioned between a magnet and a magnetic field sensor . As the part in question turns , the magnets or teeth pass beneath the sensor , each time producing a pulse in the sensor as they affect the strength of the magnetic field it is measuring . Alternatively , in more recent designs , some manufactures rely on pulses coming from the ABS wheel sensors . Most modern electronic speedometers have the additional ability over the eddy current type to show the vehicle speed when moving in reverse gear . </P> <P> A computer converts the pulses to a speed and displays this speed on an electronically controlled , analog - style needle or a digital display . Pulse information is also used for a variety of other purposes by the ECU or full - vehicle control system , e.g. triggering ABS or traction control , calculating average trip speed , or to increment the odometer in place of it being turned directly by the speedometer cable . </P> <P> Another early form of electronic speedometer relies upon the interaction between a precision watch mechanism and a mechanical pulsator driven by the car 's wheel or transmission . The watch mechanism endeavors to push the speedometer pointer toward zero , while the vehicle - driven pulsator tries to push it toward infinity . The position of the speedometer pointer reflects the relative magnitudes of the outputs of the two mechanisms . </P> Bicycle speedometers ( edit ) Main article : Cyclocomputer <P> Typical bicycle speedometers measure the time between each wheel revolution , and give a readout on a small , handlebar - mounted digital display . The sensor is mounted on the bike at a fixed location , pulsing when the spoke - mounted magnet passes by . In this way , it is analogous to an electronic car speedometer using pulses from an ABS sensor , but with a much cruder time / distance resolution - typically one pulse / display update per revolution , or as seldom as once every 2 -- 3 seconds at low speed with a 26 - inch ( 2.07 m circumference , without tire ) wheel . However , this is rarely a critical problem , and the system provides frequent updates at higher road speeds where the information is of more importance . The low pulse frequency also has little impact on measurement accuracy , as these digital devices can be programmed by wheel size , or additionally by wheel or tire circumference in order to make distance measurements more accurate and precise than a typical motor vehicle gauge . However these devices carry some minor disadvantage in requiring power from batteries that must be replaced every so often in the receiver ( AND sensor , for wireless models ) , and , in wired models , the signal being carried by a thin cable that is much less robust than that used for brakes , gears , or cabled speedometers . </P> <P> Other , usually older bicycle speedometers are cable driven from one or other wheel , as in the motorcycle speedometers described above . These do not require battery power , but can be relatively bulky and heavy , and may be less accurate . The turning force at the wheel may be provided either from a gearing system at the hub ( making use of the presence of e.g. a hub brake , cylinder gear or dynamo ) as per a typical motorcycle , or with a friction wheel device that pushes against the outer edge of the rim ( same position as rim brakes , but on the opposite edge of the fork ) or the sidewall of the tyre itself . The former type are quite reliable and low maintenance but need a gauge and hub gearing properly matched to the rim and tyre size , whereas the latter require little or no calibration for a moderately accurate readout ( with standard tyres , the `` distance '' covered in each wheel rotation by a friction wheel set against the rim should scale fairly linearly with wheel size , almost as if it were rolling along the ground itself ) but are unsuitable for off - road use , and must be kept properly tensioned and clean of road dirt to avoid slipping or jamming . </P> <H2> Error ( edit ) </H2> <P> Most speedometers have tolerances of some ± 10 % , mainly due to variations in tire diameter . Sources of error due to tire diameter variations are wear , temperature , pressure , vehicle load , and nominal tire size . Vehicle manufacturers usually calibrate speedometers to read high by an amount equal to the average error , to ensure that their speedometers never indicate a lower speed than the actual speed of the vehicle , to ensure they are not liable for drivers violating speed limits . </P> <P> Excessive speedometer error after manufacture can come from several causes but most commonly is due to nonstandard tire diameter , in which case the error is </P> <P> Percentage error = 100 × ( 1 − new diameter / standard diameter ) ( \ displaystyle ( \ mbox ( Percentage error ) ) = 100 \ times ( 1 - ( \ mbox ( new diameter ) ) / ( \ mbox ( standard diameter ) ) ) ) </P> <P> Nearly all tires now have their size shown as `` T / A_W '' on the side of the tire ( See : Tire code ) , and the tire 's </P> <P> Diameter in millimetres = 2 × T × A / 100 + W × 25.4 ( \ displaystyle ( \ mbox ( Diameter in millimetres ) ) = 2 \ times T \ times A / 100 + W \ times 25.4 ) </P> <P> Diameter in inches = T × A / 1270 + W ( \ displaystyle ( \ mbox ( Diameter in inches ) ) = T \ times A / 1270 + W ) </P> <P> For example , a standard tire is `` 185 / 70R14 '' with diameter = 2 * 185 * ( 70 / 100 ) + ( 14 * 25.4 ) = 614.6 mm ( 185x70 / 1270 + 14 = 24.20 in ) . Another is `` 195 / 50R15 '' with 2 * 195 * ( 50 / 100 ) + ( 15 * 25.4 ) = 576.0 mm ( 195x50 / 1270 + 15 = 22.68 in ) . Replacing the first tire ( and wheels ) with the second ( on 15 '' = 381 mm wheels ) , a speedometer reads 100 * ( 1 - ( 576 / 614.6 ) ) = 100 * ( 1 - 22.68 / 24.20 ) = 6.28 % higher than the actual speed . At an actual speed of 100 km / h ( 60 mph ) , the speedometer will indicate 100 x 1.0628 = 106.28 km / h ( 60 * 1.0628 = 63.77 mph ) , approximately . </P> <P> In the case of wear , a new `` 185 / 70R14 '' tyre of 620 mm ( 24.4 inch ) diameter will have ~ 8 mm tread depth , at legal limit this reduces to 1.6 mm , the difference being

A speedometer measures

What type of speed does a speedometer measure?

-2937923533751095941

Lacteal - wikipedia <H1> Lacteal </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lacteal </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Transverse section of a villus , from the human intestine . X 350 . a . Basement membrane , here somewhat shrunken away from the epithelium . b . Lacteal . c . Columnar epithelium . d . Its striated border . e . Goblet cells . f . Leucocytes in epithelium . f ' . Leucocytes below epithelium . g . Bloodvessels . h . Muscle cells cut across . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Villi of small intestine , showing bloodvessels and lymphatic vessels . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dorlands / Elsevier </Th> <Td> l_01 / 12474659 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine . </P> <P> Triglycerides are emulsified by bile and hydrolyzed by the enzyme lipase , resulting in a mixture of fatty acids , di - and monoglycerides . These then pass from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte , where they are re-esterified to form triacylglycerol . The triacylglycerol is then combined with phospholipids , cholesterol ester , and apolipoprotein B48 to form chylomicrons . These chylomicrons then pass into the lacteals , forming a milky substance known as chyle . The lacteals merge to form larger lymphatic vessels that transport the chyle to the thoracic duct where it is emptied into the bloodstream at the subclavian vein . </P> <P> At this point , the fats are in the bloodstream in the form of chylomicrons . Once in the blood , chylomicrons are subject to delipidation by lipoprotein lipase . Eventually , enough lipid has been lost and additional apolipoproteins gained , that the resulting particle ( now referred to as a chylomicron remnant ) can be taken up by the liver . From the liver , the fat released from chylomicron remnants can be re-exported to the blood as the triglyceride component of very low - density lipoproteins . Very low - density lipoproteins , also subject to delipidation by vascular lipoprotein lipase , delivers fats to tissues throughout the body and , in particular , the released fatty acids can be stored in adipose cells as triglycerides . As triglycerides are lost from very low - density lipoproteins , the lipoprotein particle becomes smaller and denser ( since protein is denser than lipid ) and ultimately becomes low - density lipoproteins . A great deal has been written about low - density lipoproteins because they are thought to be atherogenic . </P> <P> Note that in contrast to any other route of absorption from the small intestine , the lymphatic system avoids first pass metabolism . </P> <H2> Notes and references ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Young , Barbara & Wheater , Paul , eds. ( 2006 ) . Wheater 's functional histology : a text and colour atlas . Elsevier Health Sciences . p. 279 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 443 - 06850 - 8 . CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Newsholme , Eric & Leech , Anthony ( 2009 ) . Functional Biochemistry in Health and Disease . John Wiley & Sons . p. 79 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 471 - 98820 - 5 . CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Montague , Susan E. et al , eds. ( 2005 ) . Physiology for nursing practice . Elsevier . p. 502 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7020 - 2676 - 8 . CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter ( link ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Histology image : 11705loa -- Histology Learning System at Boston University - `` 117 . Digestive System : Alimentary Canal jejunum , central lacteals '' </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Biology portal </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lacteal&oldid=791841316 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Digestive system </Li> <Li> Lymphatic system </Li> <Li> Lymphatic tissue </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> CS1 maint : Uses editors parameter </Li> <Li> CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter </Li> <Li> Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 22 July 2017 , at 20 : 32 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The lymphatic vessels located in the small intestine are called

What is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestine?

-443991868383137604

missing , but drawings from 1674 attributed to Jaques Carrey indicate a series of humans ; these have been variously interpreted as scenes from the Lapith wedding , scenes from the early history of Athens and various myths . On the north side of the Parthenon , the metopes are poorly preserved , but the subject seems to be the sack of Troy . </P> <P> The metopes present examples of the Severe Style in the anatomy of the figures ' heads , in the limitation of the corporal movements to the contours and not to the muscles , and in the presence of pronounced veins in the figures of the Centauromachy . Several of the metopes still remain on the building , but , with the exception of those on the northern side , they are severely damaged . Some of them are located at the Acropolis Museum , others are in the British Museum , and one is at the Louvre museum . </P> <P> In March 2011 , archaeologists announced that they had discovered five metopes of the Parthenon in the south wall of the Acropolis , which had been extended when the Acropolis was used as a fortress . According to Eleftherotypia daily , the archaeologists claimed the metopes had been placed there in the 18th century when the Acropolis wall was being repaired . The experts discovered the metopes while processing 2,250 photos with modern photographic methods , as the white Pentelic marble they are made of differed from the other stone of the wall . It was previously presumed that the missing metopes were destroyed during the Morosini explosion of the Parthenon in 1687 . </P> <H3> Frieze ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Parthenon Frieze Phidias Showing the Frieze of the Parthenon to his Friends , 1868 painting by Lawrence Alma - Tadema <P> The most characteristic feature in the architecture and decoration of the temple is the Ionic frieze running around the exterior walls of the cella , which is the inside structure of the Parthenon . The bas - relief frieze was carved in situ ; it is dated to 442 BC - 438 BC . </P> <P> One interpretation is that it depicts an idealized version of the Panathenaic procession from the Dipylon Gate in the Kerameikos to the Acropolis . In this procession held every year , with a special procession taking place every four years , Athenians and foreigners were participating to honour the goddess Athena , offering sacrifices and a new peplos ( dress woven by selected noble Athenian girls called ergastines ) . </P> <P> Joan Breton Connelly offers a mythological interpretation for the frieze , one that is in harmony with the rest of the temple 's sculptural programme which shows Athenian genealogy through a series of succession myths set in the remote past . She identifies the central panel above the door of the Parthenon as the pre-battle sacrifice of the daughter of King Erechtheus , a sacrifice that ensured Athenian victory over Eumolpos and his Thracian army . The great procession marching toward the east end of the Parthenon shows the post-battle thanksgiving sacrifice of cattle and sheep , honey and water , followed by the triumphant army of Erechtheus returning from their victory . This represents the very first Panathenaia set in mythical times , the model on which historic Panathenaic processions was based . </P> <H3> Pediments ( edit ) </H3> <P> The traveller Pausanias , when he visited the Acropolis at the end of the 2nd century AD , only mentioned briefly the sculptures of the pediments ( gable ends ) of the temple , reserving the majority of his description for the gold and ivory statue of the goddess inside . </P> East pediment ( edit ) Part of the east pediment still found on the Parthenon ( although part of it , like Dionysos , is a copy ) <P> The figures on the corners of the pediment depict the passage of time over the course of a full day . Tethrippa of Helios and Selene are located on the left and right corners of the pediment respectively . The horses of Helios 's chariot are shown with livid expressions as they ascend into the sky at the start of the day ; whereas the Selene 's horses struggle to stay on the pediment scene as the day comes to an end . </P> West pediment ( edit ) <P> The supporters of Athena are extensively illustrated at the back of the left chariot , while the defenders of Poseidon are shown trailing behind the right chariot . It is believed that the corners of the pediment are filled by Athenian water deities , such as Kephisos river , Ilissos river and nymph Callirhoe . This belief merges from the fluid character of the sculptures ' body position which represents the effort of the artist to give the impression of a flowing river. , Next to the left river god , there are the sculptures of the mythical king of Athens ( Kekrops ) with his daughters ( Aglauros , Pandrosos , Herse ) . The statue of Poseidon was the largest sculpture in the pediment until it broke into pieces during Francesco Morosini 's effort to remove it in 1688 . The posterior piece of the torso was found by Lusieri in the groundwork of a Turkish house in 1801 and is currently held in British Museum . The anterior portion was revealed by Ross in 1835 and is now held in the Acropolis Museum of Athens . </P> <P> Every statue in the west pediment has a fully completed back , which would have been impossible to see when the sculpture was on the temple ; this indicates that the sculptors put great effort into accurately portraying the human body . </P> <H3> Athena Parthenos ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Athena Parthenos <P> The only piece of sculpture from the Parthenon known to be from the hand of Phidias was the statue of Athena housed in the naos . This massive chryselephantine sculpture is now lost and known only from copies , vase painting , gems , literary descriptions and coins . </P> <H2> Later History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Late Antiquity ( edit ) </H3> The Parthenon 's position on the Acropolis dominates the city skyline of Athens . Image of Parthenon at night <P> A major fire broke out in the Parthenon shortly after the middle of the third century AD which destroyed the Parthenon 's roof and much of the sanctuary 's interior . Heruli pirates are also credited with sacking Athens in 276 , and destroying most of the public buildings there , including the Parthenon . Repairs were made in the fourth century AD , possibly during the reign of Julian the Apostate . A new wooden roof overlaid with clay tiles was installed to cover the sanctuary . It sloped at a greater incline than the original roof and left the building 's wings exposed . </P> <P> The Parthenon survived as a temple dedicated to Athena for nearly one thousand years until Theodosius II decreed in 435 AD that all pagan temples in the Byzantine Empire be closed . At some point in the fifth century , Athena 's great cult image was looted by one of the emperors and taken to Constantinople , where it was later destroyed , possibly during the siege and sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 AD . </P> <H3> Christian church ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Parthenon was converted into a Christian church in the final decade of the sixth century AD to become the Church of the Parthenos Maria ( Virgin Mary ) , or the Church of the Theotokos ( Mother of God ) . The orientation of the building was changed to face towards the east ; the main entrance was placed at the building 's western end , and the Christian altar and iconostasis were situated towards the building 's eastern side adjacent to an apse built where the temple 's pronaos was formerly located . A large central portal with surrounding side - doors was made in the wall dividing the cella , which became the church 's nave , from the rear chamber , the church 's narthex . The spaces between the columns of the opisthodomus and the peristyle were walled up , though a number of doorways still permitted access . Icons were painted on the walls and many Christian inscriptions were carved into the Parthenon 's columns . These renovations inevitably led to the removal and dispersal of some of the sculptures . Those depicting gods were either possibly re-interpreted according to a Christian theme , or removed and destroyed . </P> <P> The Parthenon became the fourth most important Christian pilgrimage destination in the Eastern Roman Empire after Constantinople , Ephesos , and Thessalonica . In 1018 , the emperor Basil II went on a pilgrimage to Athens directly after his final victory over the Bulgarians for the sole purpose of worshipping at the Parthenon . In medieval Greek accounts it is called the Temple of Theotokos Atheniotissa and often indirectly referred to as famous without explaining exactly which temple they were referring to , thus establishing that it was indeed well known . </P> <P> At the time of the Latin occupation , it became for about 250 years a Roman Catholic church of Our Lady . During this period a tower , used either as a watchtower or bell tower and containing a spiral staircase , was constructed at the southwest corner of the cella , and vaulted tombs were built beneath the Parthenon 's floor . </P> <H3> Islamic mosque ( edit ) </H3> Painting of the ruins of the Parthenon and the Ottoman mosque built after 1715 , in the early 1830s by Pierre Peytier . <P> In 1456 , Ottoman Turkish forces invaded Athens and laid siege to a Florentine army defending the Acropolis until June 1458 , when it surrendered to the Turks . The Turks may have briefly restored the Parthenon to the Greek Orthodox Christians for continued use as a church . Some time before the close of the fifteenth century , the Parthenon became a mosque . </P> <P> The precise circumstances under which the Turks appropriated it for use as a mosque are unclear ; one account states that Mehmed II ordered its conversion as punishment for an Athenian plot against Ottoman rule . The apse became a mihrab , the tower previously constructed during the Roman Catholic occupation of the Parthenon was extended upwards to become a minaret , a minbar was installed , the Christian altar and iconostasis were removed , and the walls were whitewashed to cover icons of Christian saints and other Christian imagery . </P> <P> Despite the alterations accompanying the Parthenon 's conversion into a church and subsequently a mosque , its structure had remained basically intact . In 1667 the Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi expressed marvel at the Parthenon 's sculptures and figuratively described the building as `` like some impregnable fortress not made by human agency '' . He composed a poetic supplication that it , as `` a work less of human hands than of Heaven itself , should remain standing for all time '' . The French artist Jacques Carrey in 1674 visited the Acropolis and sketched the Parthenon 's sculptural decorations . Early in 1687 , an engineer named Plantier sketched the Parthenon for the Frenchman Graviers d'Ortières . These depictions , particularly those made by Carrey , provide important , and sometimes the only , evidence of the condition of the Parthenon and its various sculptures prior to the devastation it suffered in late 1687 and the subsequent looting of its art objects . </P> <H3> Destruction ( edit ) </H3> Parthenon illustration , published in 1688 , depicting the structure in its entirety , by Vincenzo Coronelli <P> In 1687 , the Parthenon was extensively damaged in the greatest catastrophe to befall it in its long history . As part

The inner sanctuary of the Parthenon where the statue of Athena is located is known as the

The inner sanctuary of the parthenon where the statue of athena is located in known as the?

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Indian Standard time - Wikipedia <H1> Indian Standard time </H1> Jump to : navigation , search IST in relation with the bordering nations <P> Indian Standard Time ( IST ) is the time observed throughout India , with a time offset of UTC + 05 : 30 . India does not observe daylight saving time ( DSTu ) or other seasonal adjustments . In military and aviation time IST is designated E * ( `` Echo - Star '' ) . </P> <P> Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.30 ' E longitude , in Mirzapur , Uttar Pradesh , which is nearly on the corresponding longitude reference line . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Criticism and proposals </Li> <Li> 3 Time signals </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Time in India <P> After independence in 1947 , the Indian government established IST as the official time for the whole country , although Kolkata and Mumbai retained their own local time ( known as Calcutta Time and Bombay Time ) until 1948 and 1955 , respectively . The Central observatory was moved from Chennai to a location at Shankargarh Fort in Allahabad district , so that it would be as close to UTC + 5 : 30 as possible approved by Himanshu Sharma . </P> <P> Daylight Saving Time ( DST ) was used briefly during the China -- Indian War of 1962 and the Indo -- Pakistani Wars of 1965 and 1971 . </P> <H2> Criticism and proposals ( edit ) </H2> <P> The country 's east -- west distance of more than 2,933 kilometres ( 1,822 mi ) covers over 29 degrees of longitude , resulting in the sun rising and setting almost two hours earlier on India 's eastern border than in the Rann of Kutch in the far west . Inhabitants of the northeastern states have to advance their clocks with the early sunrise and avoid the extra consumption of energy after daylight hours . </P> <P> In the late 1980s , a team of researchers proposed separating the country into two or three time zones to conserve energy . The binary system that they suggested involved a return to British -- era time zones ; the recommendations were not adopted . </P> <P> In 2001 , the government established a four -- member committee under the Ministry of Science and Technology to examine the need for multiple time zones and daylight saving . The findings of the committee , which were presented to Parliament in 2004 by the Minister for Science and Technology , Kapil Sibal , did not recommend changes to the unified system , stating that `` the prime meridian was chosen with reference to a central station , and that the expanse of the Indian State was not large . '' </P> <P> Though the government has consistently refused to split the country into multiple time zones , provisions in labour laws such as the Plantations Labour Act , 1951 allow the Central and State governments to define and set the local time for a particular industrial area . In Assam , tea gardens follow a separate time zone , known as the Chaibagaan or Bagan time ( ' Tea Garden Time ' ) , which is one hour ahead of IST . Still Indian Standard Time remains the only officially used time . </P> <P> The filmmaker Jahnu Barua has been campaigning for a separate time zone ( daylight saving time ) for the past 25 years . In 2010 , he suggested creating a separate time zone for the Development of Northeastern Region . </P> <P> In 2014 , Chief Minister of Assam Tarun Gogoi started campaigning for another time zone for Assam and other northeastern states of India . However , the proposal would need to be cleared by the Central Government of India . </P> <P> In June 2017 , Department of Science and Technology ( DST ) indicated that they are once again studying feasibility of two time - zones for India . A proposal for both creating an additional Eastern India Timezone ( EIT @ UTC + 6 : 00 ) shifting default IST to UTC + 5 : 00 and Day - light saving ( IDT for IST and EID for EIT ) starting on 14 April ( Ambedkar Jayanti ) and ending on 2 October ( Gandhi Jayanti ) was submitted to DST for consideration . </P> <H2> Time signals ( edit ) </H2> <P> Official time signals are generated by the Time and Frequency Standards Laboratory at the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi , for both commercial and official use . The signals are based on atomic clocks and are synchronised with the worldwide system of clocks that support the Coordinated Universal Time . </P> <P> Features of the Time and Frequency Standards Laboratory include : </P> <Ul> <Li> High frequency broadcast service operating at 10 MHz under call sign ATA to synchronise the user clock within a millisecond ; </Li> <Li> Indian National Satellite System satellite - based standard time and frequency broadcast service , which offers IST correct to ± 10 microsecond and frequency calibration of up to ± 10 ; and </Li> <Li> Time and frequency calibrations made with the help of pico - and nanoseconds time interval frequency counters and phase recorders . </Li> </Ul> <P> IST is taken as the standard time as it passes through almost the centre of India . To communicate the exact time to the people , the exact time is broadcast over the national All India Radio and Doordarshan television network . Telephone companies have dedicated phone numbers connected to mirror time servers that also relay the precise time . Another increasingly popular means of obtaining the time is through Global Positioning System ( GPS ) receivers . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Equation of time </Li> <Li> International Atomic Time </Li> <Li> Terrestrial Time </Li> <Li> Time zone ( lists ) </Li> <Li> Zoneinfo </Li> <Li> Time in India </Li> <Li> Bombay Time </Li> <Li> Calcutta Time </Li> <Li> Madras Time </Li> <Li> Port Blair mean time </Li> <Li> Railway time of India </Li> <Li> Sri Lanka Standard Time </Li> <Li> Time in Afghanistan </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Military and Civilian Time Designations '' . Greenwich Mean Time . Retrieved 2006 - 12 - 02 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Two - timing India '' . Hindustan Times . 4 September 2007 . Archived from the original on 9 May 2013 . Retrieved 24 September 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Odds and Ends '' . Indian Railways Fan Club . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` India Time Zones '' . Greenwich Mean Time . Archived from the original on 19 May 2007 . Retrieved 25 November 2006 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Sen , Ayanjit ( 2001 - 08 - 21 ) . `` India investigates different time zones '' . BBC News . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ S. Muthiah ( 2012 - 09 - 24 ) . `` A matter of time '' . The Hindu . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Standard Time for Different Regions '' . Department of Science and Technology . 22 July 2004 . Archived from the original on 28 September 2007 . Retrieved 25 November 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A matter of time '' . National Resource Centre for Women . Archived from the original on 19 March 2006 . Retrieved 25 November 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rahul Karmakar ( 24 September 2012 ) . `` Change clock to bagantime '' . Hindustan Times . Archived from the original on 6 June 2011 . Retrieved 22 September 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-02/india/45797966_1_jahnu-barua-tarun-gogoi-separate-time-zone </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-could-get-second-time-zone-with-assam-one-hour-ahead-466326?curl=1388743528 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Government assessing feasibility of different time zones in India '' . The Economic Times . 2017 - 06 - 22 . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Satellites for Navigation '' . Press Information Bureau , Government of India . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 25 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> National Physical Laboratory </Li> <Li> Evaluating two timezones and Daylight Saving Time for India , by Viral Shah & Vikram Aggarwal . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Time in Asia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sovereign states </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Afghanistan </Li> <Li> Armenia </Li> <Li> Azerbaijan </Li> <Li> Bahrain </Li> <Li> Bangladesh </Li> <Li> Bhutan </Li> <Li> Brunei </Li> <Li> Cambodia </Li> <Li> China </Li> <Li> Cyprus </Li> <Li> East Timor ( Timor - Leste ) </Li> <Li> Egypt </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> India </Li> <Li> Indonesia </Li> <Li> Iran </Li> <Li> Iraq </Li> <Li> Israel </Li> <Li> Japan </Li> <Li> Jordan </Li> <Li> Kazakhstan </Li> <Li> North Korea </Li> <Li> South Korea </Li> <Li> Kuwait </Li> <Li> Kyrgyzstan </Li> <Li> Laos </Li> <Li> Lebanon </Li> <Li> Malaysia </Li> <Li> Maldives </Li> <Li> Mongolia </Li> <Li> Myanmar </Li> <Li> Nepal </Li> <Li> Oman </Li> <Li> Pakistan </Li> <Li> Philippines </Li> <Li> Qatar </Li> <Li> Russia </Li> <Li> Saudi Arabia </Li> <Li> Singapore </Li> <Li> Sri Lanka </Li> <Li> Syria </Li> <Li> Tajikistan </Li> <Li> Thailand </Li> <Li> Turkey </Li> <Li> Turkmenistan </Li> <Li> United Arab Emirates </Li> <Li> Uzbekistan </Li> <Li> Vietnam </Li> <Li> Yemen </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> States with limited recognition </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Abkhazia </Li> <Li> Artsakh </Li> <Li> Northern Cyprus </Li> <Li> Palestine </Li> <Li> South Ossetia </Li> <Li> Taiwan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dependencies and other territories </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> British Indian Ocean Territory </Li> <Li> Christmas Island </Li> <Li> Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands </Li> <Li> Hong Kong </Li> <Li> Macau </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Standard_Time&oldid=836714854 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Time in India </Li> <Li> Geography of India </Li> <Li> Time zones </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use dmy dates from August 2017 </Li> <Li> Use Indian English from August 2017 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> অসমীয়া </Li> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> भोजपुरी </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Fiji Hindi </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> ગુજરાતી </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> ಕನ್ನಡ </Li> <Li> मैथिली </Li> <Li> മലയാളം </Li> <Li> मराठी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Melayu </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> नेपाली </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> ଓଡ଼ିଆ </Li> <Li> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> संस्कृतम् </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> తెలుగు </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> <Li> Tiếng Việt </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 22 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 April 2018 , at 12 : 51 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site ,

The standard meridian of India is fixed as

Which meridian is fixed as the standard meridian of india?

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Music of the Dominican Republic - wikipedia <H1> Music of the Dominican Republic </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music of The Dominican Republic </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Related articles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Genres </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Atabales </Li> <Li> Bachata </Li> <Li> La Mangulina </Li> <Li> Merengue </Li> <Li> Palos </Li> <Li> Pambiche </Li> <Li> Salves </Li> <Li> Son Dominicano </Li> <Li> Típico </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Media and performance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music festivals </Th> <Td> Carnival </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nationalistic and patriotic songs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> National anthem </Th> <Td> Quisqueyanos Valientes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Regional music </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Anguilla </Li> <Li> Antigua and Barbuda </Li> <Li> Aruba and the Dutch Antilles </Li> <Li> Bahamas </Li> <Li> Barbados </Li> <Li> Bermuda </Li> <Li> Bonaire </Li> <Li> Cayman Islands </Li> <Li> Cuba </Li> <Li> Curaçao </Li> <Li> Dominica </Li> <Li> Dominican Republic </Li> <Li> Grenada </Li> <Li> Guadeloupe </Li> <Li> Guyana </Li> <Li> Haiti </Li> <Li> Jamaica </Li> <Li> Louisiana </Li> <Li> Martinique </Li> <Li> Montserrat </Li> <Li> Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> St Kitts and Nevis </Li> <Li> St Lucia </Li> <Li> St Vincent and Grenadines </Li> <Li> Suriname </Li> <Li> Trinidad and Tobago </Li> <Li> Turks and Caicos </Li> <Li> Virgin Islands </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by West African traditions , with some minor European , and native Taino influences . The Dominican Republic is mainly known for its merengue and bachata music , both of which are the most popular forms of music in the country . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Dominican music <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Music </Li> <Li> 1.2 Música Congos del Espíritu Santo </Li> <Li> 1.3 Salves </Li> <Li> 1.4 Palo </Li> <Li> 1.5 Bachata </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Popular music <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Dominican rock </Li> <Li> 2.2 Hip hop </Li> <Li> 2.3 Reggaeton </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Art music <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Jazz </Li> <Li> 3.2 Classical music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Dominican music ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : music , Merengue típico , Pambiche , and Merenrap <P> Merengue is a musical genre native to the Dominican Republic . It has a moderate to very fast 2 / 4 rhythm played on güira ( metal scraper ) and the double - headed tambora . The accordion is also common . Traditional , accordion - based merengue is usually termed merengue típico and is still played by living accordionists like Francisco Ulloa , Fefita la Grande , El Ciego de Nagua , and Rafaelito Román . More modern merengues incorporate electric instruments and influences from salsa , and rock and roll . Choruses are often sung in a call and response form by two or three back - up singers , or more traditionally , by the musicians playing tambora or güira . Beginning in the 1960s , dancing became a part of the singers ' work with Johnny Ventura 's Combo Show format , and is now a staple of many of the genre 's biggest stars . Lyrically , irony and double entendres are common Merengue continued to be limited in popularity to the lower classes , especially in the Cibao area , in the early 20th century . Artists like Juan F. García , Juan Espínola and Julio Alberto Hernández tried to move merengue into the mainstream , but failed , largely due to social prejudices . Some success occurred after nationalistic feelings arose among the Cibao elite who resented the U.S. occupation of the country from 1916 -- 1924 . Legend has it that at this time the faster ( merengue típico cibaeño ) was slowed down to accommodate American soldiers who could n't dance the difficult steps of the merengue ; this mid-tempo version was called pambiche . Major mainstream acceptance started with Rafael Trujillo 's rise to power in the early 1930s . </P> <P> Dictator Rafael Trujillo , who seized the presidency of the Dominican Republic in 1930 , helped merengue to become a national symbol of the island up until his assassination in 1961 . Being that he was of humble origins , he had been barred from elite social clubs . He was therefore resentful of these elite sophisticates and began promoting the Cibao - style merengue , forcing all social classes to participate in the low - class dance . At Trujillo 's command , virtually all musical groups had to compose merengues praising Trujillo 's dictatorship , its guidelines and actions of his party . Trujillo even made it mandatory for urban dance bands to include merengue in their repertoire . Also , piano and brass instruments were added in merengue - oriented big bands , a trend towards upward mobility popularizing by Luis Alberti 's group in Santiago de los Caballeros . On the other hand , merengue that continued to use an accordion became known ( rather disrespectfully ) as perico ripiao ( ripped parrot ) . It was because of all this that merengue became and still is the Dominican Republic 's national music and dance . </P> <P> In the 1960s , a new group of artists ( most famously Johnny Ventura ) incorporated American R&B and rock and roll influences , along with Cuban salsa music . The instrumentation changed , with accordion replaced with electric guitars or synthesizers , or occasionally sampled , and the saxophone 's role totally redefined . In spite of the changes , merengue remained the most popular form of music in the Dominican Republic . Ventura , for example , was so adulated that he became a massively popular and influential politician on his return from a time in the United States , and was seen as a national symbol . </P> <P> The 1980s saw increasing Dominican emigration to Europe and the United States , especially to New York City and Miami . Merengue came with them , bringing images of glitzy pop singers and idols . At the same time , Juan Luis Guerra slowed down the merengue rhythm , and added more lyrical depth and entrenched social commentary . He also incorporated bachata and Western musical influences with albums like 1990 's critically acclaimed Bachata Rosa . </P> <H3> Música congos del espíritu Santo ( edit ) </H3> <P> Congo Music of the Holy Spirit can be heard in the village of Villa Mella . This music is highly African in origin and associated with the Afro - Christian sect . It is basically tambores / drum music . The drums are all different sizes from very large to the smallest drum known as Alcahuete . Other instruments used are the maracas , canoas or sticks . This music has maintained its original form and is still sung in call and response , one person sings out a line and all others reply in song also . </P> <H3> Salves ( edit ) </H3> <P> Salve is a call - and - response type of singing that uses güira , panderos , at yales and other African instruments . Salves are highly ceremonial and are used in pilgrimages and at parties dedicated to voodoo saints . Salve is a ritual inspired by religion and music with roots in both African and Hispanic cultures . Salve is related to palo that is played in a lot of the same contexts and rhythm , but with different instruments . The name comes from the Salve Regina , a catholic psalm , and many still sing a sacred , a cappella salve that preserves the medieval modes of old Spanish hymns . The ecstatic salve played at religious parties however , is all about percussion -- featuring large numbers of tambourines playing interlocking rhythms and a melodic drum called the balsie , whose player alters the pitch by applying pressure with his foot . Salve may be played in fewer parts of the country but it 's one of the best - known sounds , largely because it 's the sound of choice in Villa Mella , a poor suburb of the capital often thought of as the epicenter of Afro - Dominican traditions . The salve group of Enerolisa Nuñez , from Villa Mella , is one of the most widely listened to - thanks to her inclusion in merengue - star Kinito Méndez 's salve - merengue fusion album A Palo Limpio as well as an excellent recording of her group by the Bayahonda Cultural Foundation . </P> <H3> Palo ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Palo music <P> Palo , also known as Atabales is a Dominican sacred music that can be found throughout the island . The drum and human voice are the principal instruments . Palo is played at religious ceremonies - usually coinciding with saint 's days - as well as for secular parties and special occasions . Its roots are in the Congo region of central - west Africa , but it is mixed with European influences in the melodies . Palos are related to Dominican folk Catholicism , which includes a pantheon of deities / saints ( here termed misterios ) much like those found in the Afro - American syncretic religious traditions of Cuba , Brazil , Haiti , and elsewhere . Palos are usually associated with the lower class , black and mixed populations . They can be seen in different regions of Dominican Republic , but with variations . </P> <P> Palo music is played on long drums termed palos. The word palos means trees , and therefore all Dominican palos drums are instruments made from hollowed out logs . The head of the drum is made of cowhide and it is attached to the log portion with hoops and pegs in the Eastern region , or with nails in the Southwest . There is a master drum ( palo mayor ) which is the large , wide drum played with slimmer drums ( alcahuetes ) alongside : two in the East or three elsewhere . Palos are usually played with guiras , which are metal scrapers . They may also be played with maracas , or a little stick used to hit the master drum , called the catá . The Dominican region in which the palos are played determines the form , the number of the instruments , and how they are played . </P> <P> Palos are associated with the Afro - Dominican brotherhoods called cofradías . Originally , the brotherhoods were composed solely of males . As time progressed , females and family inheritance maintained the brotherhoods ' sanctity . Each brotherhood is devoted to a particular saint . Therefore , it is the responsibility of the brotherhood is to honor the saint with a festival . Historically , cofradías were established on principals similar to those of the Mediterranean guild - based societies and those founded by Africans that inhabited southern Spain . Through colonization and the slave trade , these traditions were brought to the Dominican Republic . However , the cofradías are not limited to the Dominican Republic , they are found in other parts of the Americas as well , where they may be adapted to Native - American folk Catholicism , particularly in Mexico and Central America . </P> <P> Palo music is generally played at festivals honoring saints ( velaciones ) or during other religious events . The configuration of instruments present depends on the region in which these events take

The emblematic rhythm of the Dominican Republic is

What is the emblematic rhythm of dominican republic?

-4268051341343650948

eventually gains sentience and is named Mewtwo . Mewtwo befriends the salvaged consciousness of Amber , named Ambertwo , as well as the clones of other Pokemon in the laboratory . However , Mewtwo is left deeply traumatized after Ambertwo and the rest of the clones decompose and die . In order to stabilize him , Fuji tranquilizes Mewtwo , causing him to forget the time he spent with his friends . </P> <H3> Mewtwo Strikes Back ( edit ) </H3> <P> After Mewtwo fully matures and awakens from a long slumber in a laboratory on New Island , he learns of his origin as Mew 's clone from Dr. Fuji . Infuriated that Fuji and his colleagues see him as nothing more than an experiment , he unleashes his psychic powers and destroys the laboratory . Giovanni , witnessing the carnage afar , approaches and convinces Mewtwo to work with him to hone his powers . However , after Mewtwo learns of his purpose to be a weapon for Giovanni 's benefit , he escapes back to New Island where he plots revenge against humanity . </P> <P> After Mewtwo rebuilds the laboratory and establishes base there , he invites several trainers with hologram messages to battle the world 's greatest Pokémon trainer at New Island . Ash , Misty , and Brock receive a message and accept the invitation , but when they arrive at the port city , Old Shore Wharf , Mewtwo creates a storm , causing the boats on the wharf to be closed off for safety . As a result , Ash 's group are picked up by Team Rocket disguised as Vikings on a boat . After the storm sinks their vessel in the middle of the ocean , and Ash and his friends use their Pokémon instead to reach New Island . </P> <P> Escorted into the island 's palace by the woman who appeared on the hologram , Ash and the other trainers who were able to reach the island encounter Mewtwo . The woman is revealed to be a brainwashed Nurse Joy after she is released from Mewtwo 's mind control . After describing his plot to use the storm to wipe out humanity and Pokémon loyal to humans , Mewtwo challenges the trainers using cloned Pokémon coincidentally modeled after the deceased friends from his childhood . Meanwhile , Team Rocket also reach New Island and explore its inner sanctum with a Mew innocuously following them . After Mewtwo 's clones effortlessly defeat the challengers ' Pokémon , he confiscates them and expands his clone army . Ash chases after his captured Pikachu down the cloning lab , where Team Rocket 's Meowth is also cloned . Ash destroys the cloning machine , frees the captured Pokémon , and leads them to confront Mewtwo and his clones . Mew then reveals itself and Mewtwo challenges it in order to prove his superiority . </P> <P> All of the Pokémon originals battle their clones save for a defiant Pikachu and Meowth , who makes peace with his own clone after realizing the senselessness of their fighting . Horrified at the pain and anguish felt on both sides of the battle , Ash puts himself in between a psychic blast caused by Mewtwo and Mew 's fighting , leading to Ash to become petrified . Pikachu tries to revive Ash with his thunderbolt but it fails . However , the tears of the Pokémon , as per a legend mentioned earlier in the movie , are able to heal and revive Ash . Moved by Ash 's sacrifice , Mewtwo realizes that he should not have to be judged by his origins but rather his choices in life . Departing with Mew and the clones , Mewtwo erases everyone 's memories of the event . </P> <P> Ash , Misty , and Brock find themselves back in Old Shore Wharf unsure how they got there . The storm outside clears up , Ash spotting Mew flying through the clouds and tells his friends of how he saw another legendary Pokémon the day he left Pallet Town . Meanwhile , Team Rocket find themselves stranded on New Island but enjoy their time there . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of characters in the Pokémon anime series <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character name </Th> <Th> Japanese voice actor </Th> <Th> English voice actor </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ash Ketchum ( Satoshi ) </Td> <Td> Rica Matsumoto </Td> <Td> Veronica Taylor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pikachu </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Ikue Ōtani </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Misty ( Kasumi ) </Td> <Td> Mayumi Iizuka </Td> <Td> Rachael Lillis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brock ( Takeshi ) </Td> <Td> Yūji Ueda </Td> <Td> Eric Stuart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Narrator </Td> <Td> Unshō Ishizuka </Td> <Td> Ken Gates </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Togepi </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Satomi Kōrogi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jessie ( Musashi ) </Td> <Td> Megumi Hayashibara </Td> <Td> Rachael Lillis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James ( Kojirō ) </Td> <Td> Shin - ichiro Miki </Td> <Td> Eric Stuart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Meowth ( Nyarth ) </Td> <Td> Inuko Inuyama </Td> <Td> Maddie Blaustein </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bulbasaur ( Fushigidane ) </Td> <Td> Megumi Hayashibara </Td> <Td> Tara Jayne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charizard ( Lizardon ) </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Shin - ichiro Miki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Squirtle ( Zenigame ) </Td> <Td> Rikako Aikawa </Td> <Td> Eric Stuart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fergus ( Umio ) </Td> <Td> Wataru Takagi </Td> <Td> Jimmy Zoppi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corey ( Sorao ) </Td> <Td> Tōru Furuya </Td> <Td> Ed Paul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neesha ( Sweet ) </Td> <Td> Aiko Satō </Td> <Td> Lisa Ortiz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miranda ( Voyager ) </Td> <Td> Sachiko Kobayashi </Td> <Td> Kayzie Rogers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pirate Trainer </Td> <Td> Raymond Johnson </Td> <Td> Maddie Blaustein </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mewtwo </Td> <Td> Masachika Ichimura Fujiko Takimoto ( young ; radio drama ) Showtaro Morikubo ( young ; anime ) </Td> <Td> Philip Bartlett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mew </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Kōichi Yamadera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Giovanni ( Sakaki ) </Td> <Td> Hirotaka Suzuoki </Td> <Td> Ed Paul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Officer Jenny ( Junsar ) </Td> <Td> Chinami Nishimura </Td> <Td> Lee Quick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nurse Joy ( Joi ) </Td> <Td> Ayako Shiraishi </Td> <Td> Megan Hollingshead </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dr. Fuji </Td> <Td> Yōsuke Akimoto </Td> <Td> Philip Bartlett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ambertwo ( Aitwo ) </Td> <Td> Kyōko Hikami </Td> <Td> Kerry Williams </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Characters that appear only in the radio drama <Tr> <Th> Character name </Th> <Th> Japanese voice actor </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doctor Fuji 's wife </Td> <Td> Shinobu Adachi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scientists </Td> <Td> Katsuyuki Konishi Chiyako Shibahara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Investigators </Td> <Td> Shinpachi Tsuji Tomohisa Asō </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Researchers </Td> <Td> Hidenari Ugaki Takuma Suzuki Akio Suyama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Madame Boss </Td> <Td> Hiromi Tsuru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miyamoto </Td> <Td> Yumi Tōma </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Kunihiko Yuyama directed the original Japanese version of the film , while Choji Yoshikawa and Takeshi Shudo served as producer and script writer respectively . Shudo explained in his blog that Mewtwo being torn over his life purpose reflects the film 's theme of existentialism . In the Japanese script , for instance , the moment Mewtwo realizes he has a right to be in the world just as much as any other living creature represents the central message of accepting one 's existence . According to Shudo , certain episodes in the anime were intended to tie - in with the movie prior to its release in Japan and provide background behind the events in the film . However , the controversy surrounding the Dennō Senshi Porygon episode delayed the tie - in episodes , causing Shudo to expand the beginning of the movie and , thus , the length of the film . </P> <P> Norman J. Grossfeld , former president of 4Kids Productions , served as the film 's producer for the English - language North American version . Grossfeld , Michael Haigney , and John Touhey wrote the English adaptation , and Haigney served as the English version 's voice director . The English script was heavily edited from the original Japanese one ; along with various content edits , Mewtwo was portrayed more maliciously because Grossfeld felt American audiences needed to see a `` clearly evil '' villain rather than a morally ambiguous one . As such , the existentialist themes seen in the Japanese version were significantly toned - down . </P> <P> The English version editors translated various Japanese texts , including those on signs and on buildings , into English . The Shogakukan Production Co. also altered various background from the original version of the film in order to enhance its presentation overseas . In the English dub , three Pokémon are referred to by the wrong name . Pidgeot was called Pidgeotto , Scyther was called Alakazam , and Sandslash was called Sandshrew . 4Kids said that they decided to leave the Alakazam and Sandshrew errors when they noticed it as something for the children watching to notice and because they felt it was plausible in context that Team Rocket could make a mistake . </P> <P> Grossfeld also had new music re-recorded for the film 's release , citing that it `` would better reflect what American kids would respond to '' . John Loeffler of Rave Music produced the English - language music and composed the film score with Ralph Schuckett . Loeffler also collaborated with John Lissauer and Manny Corallo to produce the English - language `` Pikachu 's Vacation '' score . Grossfeld also revealed that the English version of the film `` combines the visual sense of the best Japanese animation with the musical sensibility of Western pop culture '' . </P> <H2> Marketing campaign ( edit ) </H2> <P> Toshihiro Ono , author of Pokémon : The Electric Tale of Pikachu , created a manga version of the film . Asked by editors to draw Mewtwo 's birth , he received the source material to base the manga off of in April 1998 and finished the manga in May . In July of that year , a five episode radio drama titled The Birth of Mewtwo was broadcast over the five Sundays leading up to the premiere of the movie in Japan . Written by Takeshi Shudo , the drama delves into Mewtwo 's origin prior to the start of the film . It also explores the leadership of Team Rocket under Madame Boss , Giovanni 's mother , and the last known whereabouts of Miyamoto ( ミヤモト ) , Jesse 's mother . Due to its mature themes , it was never dubbed in English . The drama eventually served the basis for the Origin of Mewtwo prologue that would appear in the Complete Version of the film . Since the drama was conceived a few months after the manga , the events depicted in the drama do not match up with the events portrayed in the manga . Ono has even stated that `` there 's not much connection between the manga and the movie '' . </P> <P> In the United States , the first trailer was released in August 1999 and was shown before The Iron Giant and Mystery Men . The second trailer was released in the fall of 1999 and was attached to The Bachelor . In addition , select theaters gave away exclusive Pokémon trading cards , to capitalize on the success of the trading card game . The cards featured likenesses of Electabuzz , Pikachu , Mewtwo , and Dragonite , and were dispensed in random order for each week it was in that particular theater . The subsequent releases of Pokémon : The Movie 2000 and Pokémon 3 : The Movie featured a similar marketing campaign . For the 2000 home video

In the first Pokémon movie, Mewtwo was voiced by

Who voiced mewtwo in pokemon the first movie?

-248879071981501725

Mike Post - wikipedia <H1> Mike Post </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . Please help by adding reliable sources . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous or harmful . ( March 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mike Post </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Birth name </Th> <Td> Leland Michael Postil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1944 - 09 - 29 ) September 29 , 1944 ( age 73 ) Berkeley , California , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Los Angeles , California , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> Rock , pop , soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation ( s ) </Th> <Td> Producer , songwriter , musician , composer , arranger </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Instruments </Th> <Td> Vocals , guitar , bass guitar , keyboard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1970 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> The Murmaids , Mason Williams , the Outcasts , Kenny Rogers , the First Edition , Van Halen </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mike Post ( born Leland Michael Postil , September 29 , 1944 ) is an American composer , best known for his TV theme songs for such series as Law & Order , Law & Order : SVU , The A-Team , NYPD Blue , Renegade , The Rockford Files , L.A. Law , Quantum Leap , Magnum , P.I. , and Hill Street Blues . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early musical career </Li> <Li> 2 Television theme music </Li> <Li> 3 Inventions from the Blue Line </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Discography <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Albums </Li> <Li> 5.2 Hot 100 singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early musical career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Post 's first credited work in music was cutting demos using two singing sisters , Terry and Carol Fischer . With Sally Gordon , they went on to become The Murmaids . Their first single , `` Popsicles and Icicles '' ( written by David Gates ) , was a # 3 hit song in January 1964 . </P> <P> Post also provided early guidance for the garage rock band the Outcasts while in basic training in San Antonio , Texas . He was the songwriter and producer for both songs on the band 's first single , released in 1965 , and also arranged a local concert where they served as the back - up band . </P> <P> He won his first Grammy at age 23 for Best Instrumental Arrangement on Mason Williams ' `` Classical Gas '' , a # 2 hit song in 1968 . He is also credited as the producer for Williams ' LP that included this song , The Mason Williams Phonograph Record . </P> <P> Billed as the Mike Post Coalition , their track `` Afternoon of the Rhino '' became a sought - after Northern soul track . The single peaked at # 47 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1975 . </P> <P> Post also worked with Kenny Rogers and produced the first three albums he recorded with his country / rock group the First Edition ( between 1967 and 1969 ) . Post also produced Dolly Parton 's hit album 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs in 1981 . Much later , in 1997 , he produced Van Halen 's Van Halen III album . </P> <H2> Television theme music ( edit ) </H2> <P> One of his first jobs in television started when he was 24 , as the musical director on The Andy Williams Show . Another early job was writing the theme music for the short - lived detective series Toma in 1973 , but his big breakthrough ( together with co-composer Pete Carpenter ) came in the following year with his theme song for The Rockford Files , another series by producer Stephen J. Cannell . The theme also got cross-over Top 40 radio airplay and earned a second Grammy for Post . </P> <P> `` The Rockford Files '' theme became a Top 10 hit in both the U.S. ( # 10 ) and Canada ( # 8 ) . It ranks as the 85th biggest U.S. hit of 1975 , and the 84th biggest Canadian hit of 1975 . </P> <P> Post subsequently won Grammys for Best Instrumental Composition for the themes of the television shows Hill Street Blues in 1981 and L.A. Law in 1988 as well as another Grammy in 1981 for Best Instrumental Performance for the Hill Street Blues theme , which also reached number 10 in the U.S. </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Law & Order `` dun , dun '' sound </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Post won an Emmy for his Murder One theme music , and had previously been nominated for NYPD Blue , among others . He has won BMI Awards for the music for L.A. Law , Hunter , and the various Law & Order series . The theme for The Greatest American Hero ( co-written with Stephen Geyer ) is one of the few television themes to reach as high as # 2 as a single record on the Billboard Hot 100 . The iconic `` dun , dun '' sound effect he created for the Law & Order franchise has entered popular culture . </P> <P> At the peak of his career , Post was the go - to composer for all of the series created by Donald P. Bellisario , Steven Bochco , Stephen J. Cannell and Dick Wolf . Due to the considerable amount of music to be created , Post operated an office with multiple staff composers , among them Walter Murphy , Velton Ray Bunch , Frank Denson , Jerry Grant and Greg Edmonson , all composing side by side in cubicles . Each would write music cues to complement specific scenes from each show in Post 's signature style . </P> <P> Other TV music works include The A-Team , Baa Baa Black Sheep , Blossom , CHiPs , The Commish , Doogie Howser , M.D. , Greatest American Hero , Hardcastle and McCormick , Hooperman , Hunter , Magnum , P.I. , NewsRadio , Profit , Quantum Leap , Renegade , Riptide , Silk Stalkings , Stingray , Tales of the Gold Monkey , Tenspeed and Brown Shoe , The White Shadow , Wiseguy , the BBC series Roughnecks , Law & Order , and Philly . </P> <P> In 1994 , Post scored the Diagnosis : Murder episode `` How To Murder Your Lawyer , '' designed as a backdoor pilot for a lawyer series . </P> <P> In 2014 , Post composed the score for the fake TV plot Caged Heat in the Marvel One - Shot All Hail the King for Marvel Studios . </P> <H2> Inventions from the Blue Line ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1994 , Post released a CD , called Inventions from the Blue Line . The CD contained several of his well - known themes , featuring NYPD Blue and also including Law & Order , Silk Stalkings and Renegade . In the liner notes , he discussed his late father , Sam Postil , and the admiration for law enforcement officers that Sam instilled in Mike . He also referred to police in the traditional nickname of `` blues '' , as in The Thin Blue Line ( referring to the police in general and to police camaraderie ) . One of the tracks is called `` The Blue Line '' , which Post calls `` the comradery theme '' . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Pete Townshend song `` Mike Post Theme '' , which alludes to the ubiquity of Post 's work in television theme music , appears on The Who 's 2006 album , Endless Wire . </P> <H2> Discography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Albums ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1969 : Fused ( as The Mike Post Coalition ) ; Warner Bros. - Seven Arts ( LP ) </Li> <Li> 1975 : Railhead Overture ; MGM ( LP ) </Li> <Li> 1982 : Television Theme Songs ; Elektra ( LP ) </Li> <Li> 1988 : Music from L.A. Law and Otherwise ; Polydor ( LP ) </Li> <Li> 1994 : Inventions from the Blue Line ; American Gramaphone ( CD ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Hot 100 Singles ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following singles credited to Mike Post charted on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` The Rockford Files '' ( # 10 , 1975 ) </Li> <Li> `` Manhattan Spiritual '' ( # 56 , 1975 ) </Li> <Li> `` Theme From Greatest American Hero ( Believe It or Not ) '' ( # 2 , 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Theme from Hill Street Blues '' ( # 10 , 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` Theme from Magnum P.I. '' ( # 25 , 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Review from Fuzz , Acid and Flowers , partially reproduced on www.dennysguitars.com/outcasts1.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Maconie , Stuart ( 2004 ) . Cider With Roadies ( 1st ed . ) . London : Random House . p. 69 . ISBN 0 - 09 - 189115 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 432 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Who is Mike Post , and what were his contributions to music ? - eNotes '' . eNotes . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.4009a&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=9rcle2uno9iqd7fp29i24m0c30 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1975 / Top 100 Songs of 1975 '' . www.musicoutfitters.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.4057a&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=9rcle2uno9iqd7fp29i24m0c30 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dan Gunderman ( 13 September 2016 ) . `` Examining the legendary ' dun , dun ' sound from ' Law & Order ' on the anniversary of the pilot episode '' . New York Daily News . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 1991 ) . Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 -- 1990 . Menomonee Falls , Wisconsin : Record Research Inc. p. 455 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/1981-08-22 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Book : Mike Post </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Mike Post on IMDb </Li> <Li> Biography at Museum TV website </Li> <Li> Biography On Enotes.com </Li> <Li> Mike Post Archive of American Television Interview </Li> <Li> Mike Post Interview - NAMM Oral History Library ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 24794828 </Li> <Li> LCCN : n91086868 </Li> <Li> ISNI : 0000 0000 7364 7420 </Li> <Li> GND : 13448763X </Li> <Li> BNF : cb13971387j ( data ) </Li> <Li> MusicBrainz : 8a667f87 - 540c - 4635 - 87bb - a9151693935f </Li> <Li> SNAC : w6x0768x </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mike_Post&oldid=837420185 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1944 births </Li> <Li> American composers </Li> <Li> American male composers </Li> <Li> American record producers </Li> <Li> American television composers </Li> <Li> Epic Records artists </Li> <Li> Grammy Award winners </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> Male television composers </Li> <Li> Musicians from Berkeley , California </Li> <Li> Primetime Emmy Award winners </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> BLP articles lacking sources from March

The theme song to Law and Order was written by

Who wrote the theme song to law and order?

4166288673192618908

Agriculture in New Zealand - Wikipedia <H1> Agriculture in New Zealand </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( December 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> A bullock wagon team taking wool from a farm station . The number of sheep in New Zealand peaked in the 1980s and is now reducing due to lower profits . <P> In New Zealand , agriculture is the largest sector of the tradable economy , contributing about two - thirds of exported goods in 2006 - 7 . For the year ended March 2002 , agricultural exports were valued at over $14.8 billion . New Zealand is unique in being the only developed country to be totally exposed to the international markets since subsidies , tax concessions and price supports for the agricultural sector were removed in the 1980s . However , as of 2017 , the New Zealand Government still provides state investment in infrastructure which supports agriculture . </P> <P> Pastoral farming is the major land use but there are increases in land area devoted to horticulture . </P> <P> New Zealand is a member of the Cairns Group , which is seeking to have free trade in agricultural goods . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Sectors <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Pastoral farming </Li> <Li> 2.2 Forestry </Li> <Li> 2.3 Horticulture </Li> <Li> 2.4 Aquaculture </Li> <Li> 2.5 Beekeeping </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Organic farming </Li> <Li> 4 Environmental impacts </Li> <Li> 5 Agricultural pests <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Animal pests </Li> <Li> 5.2 Plant pests </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Biosecurity </Li> <Li> 7 Tenure review </Li> <Li> 8 Agricultural organisations </Li> <Li> 9 Future of New Zealand agriculture </Li> <Li> 10 Impact on New Zealand culture </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Early label from a tin of mutton from New Zealand <P> The government offered a number of subsidies during the 1970s to assist farmers after the United Kingdom joined the European Economic Community and by the early 1980s government support provided some farmers with 40 percent of their income . In 1984 the Labour government ended all farm subsidies under Rogernomics , and by 1990 the agricultural industry became the most deregulated sector in New Zealand . To stay competitive in the heavily subsidised European and US markets New Zealand farmers had to increase the efficiency of their operations . Animal farming is pasture based ; cows and sheep are rarely housed or fed large quantities of grain , with most farmers using grass based supplements such as hay and silage during feed shortages . Pigs are usually kept indoors , either in gestation crates , farrowing crates , fattening pens , or group housing . </P> <H2> Sectors ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Pastoral farming ( edit ) </H3> Beef and dairy cattle are important components of New Zealand agriculture See also : Dairy farming in New Zealand <P> In Northland , the major form of pastoral farming is beef cattle . In the Waikato and Taranaki areas , dairy cattle predominate . Through the rest of New Zealand , sheep farming is the major rural activity , with beef cattle farming in the hills and high country , and dairying increasing in Canterbury , Otago and Southland . </P> <P> New Zealand is the world 's eighth largest milk producer , with about 2.2 % of world production . Total production was 1.3 billion kg of milk solids , and NZD 8.38 billion of dairy products were exported in the year ending 30 September 2007 . There are approximately 4.2 million dairy milking cows in New Zealand , and 5.26 million dairy cattle in total at 30 June 2007 , an increase from 3 million in 1982 . In mid-2005 , there were 12,786 dairy farms , with a total area of 2.1 million hectares . Traditional dairy production areas are the wetter areas of the country : Waikato , Taranaki , Southland , Northland , Horowhenua , Manawatu and Westland . Fonterra is the major processor of milk in New Zealand . It processes 94.8 percent of all milk solids from dairy farms . Other large dairy companies are Tatua Co-operative Dairy Company , Westland Milk Products and Synlait . </P> Rural landscape with sheep <P> Livestock is predominantly grass - fed , but hay and silage is used in the winter months to make up for slower pasture growth . There were 38.5 million sheep and 4.39 million beef cattle in New Zealand in June 2007 . The number of sheep saw a substantial fall from the 70.3 million in 1982 , while beef cattle numbers declined by about ten percent over the same period . In June 2006 . 573,000 tonnes of sheep meat was produced in 2006 - 7 , and 164,000 tonnes of clean wool . NZD 2.08 billion of lamb , NZD 283 million of mutton , and NZD 938 million of raw wool and wool products was exported in the year ending 30 September 2007 . Production of beef and veal in 2006 - 7 was 623,000 tonnes , with NZD 1.64 billion in exports . There were 13,254 beef farms , 13,905 sheep farms and 1,614 mixed beef / sheep farms in 2005 , with areas of 1.5 million hectares , 8.1 million hectares , and 655,000 hectares respectively . </P> <P> Deer farming has increased dramatically from a herd of 150,000 in 1982 to 1.59 million in 2006 , with 1,617 deer farms occupying 218,000 hectares of land in 2005 . NZD 252 million of venison was exported in the year ending 30 September 2007 . New Zealand is the largest exporter of farmed venison in the world . In the 1970s and 80s there was a huge industry carrying out live deer recovery from forested areas of New Zealand . The deer are a pest animal that has a negative impact on the biodiversity of New Zealand . The deer - farm stock was bred from the recovered wild animals . </P> <P> In 2005 , there were 264 pig farms with a total area of 12,831 hectares . There were also 855 mixed livestock farms and 633 other livestock farms , with areas of 178 and 18,000 hectares , respectively . The 50,000 tonnes of pork produced in 2007 was supplemented by 40,000 tonnes of imported pork products to meet domestic demand . 14.7 million chickens were raised for meat in 2007 , with 145 tonnes of chicken meat produced . No other poultry is raised in significant numbers in New Zealand . Approximately 3.1 million laying hens are kept , producing 900 million eggs in 2006 . Goats are also farmed for meat , milk , and mohair , and to control weeds . </P> <H3> Forestry ( edit ) </H3> Logging tracks in Marlborough Main article : Forestry in New Zealand <P> Milling of New Zealand 's extensive native forests was one of the earliest industries in the settlement of the country . The long , straight hardwood from the kauri was ideal for ship masts and spars . As the new colony was established , timber was the most common building material , and vast areas of native forest were cleared . Rimu , tōtara , matai , and miro were the favoured timbers . The Monterrey Pine , Pinus radiata was introduced to New Zealand in the 1850s . It thrived in the conditions , reaching maturity in 28 years , much faster than in its native California . It was found to grow well in the infertile acidic soil of the volcanic plateau , where attempts at agriculture had failed . The Government initiated planting of exotic forests in 1899 at Whakarewarewa , near Rotorua . This was to address growing timber shortages as slow - growing native forests were exhausted . In the 1930s , vast areas of land were planted in Pinus radiata by relief workers . The largest tract was the 188,000 - hectare Kāingaroa forest , the largest plantation forest in the world . As the major forests matured , processing industries such as the Kinleith Mill at Tokoroa and the Tasman Mill at Kawerau were established . </P> <P> Plantation forests of various sizes can now be found in all regions of New Zealand except Central Otago and Fiordland . In 2006 their total area was 1.8 million hectares , with 89 % in Pinus radiata and 5 % in Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) Log harvesting in 2006 was 18.8 million m , down from 22.5 million m in 2003 . This is projected to rise as high as 30 million m as newer forests mature . The value of all forestry exports ( logs , chips , sawn timber , panels and paper products ) for the year ended 31 March 2006 was $ NZ 3.62 billion . This is projected to rise to $4.65 billion by 2011 . Australia accounts for just over 25 % of export value , mostly paper products , followed by Japan , South Korea , China and the United States . Within the New Zealand economy , forestry accounts for approximately 4 % of national GDP . On the global stage , the New Zealand forestry industry is a relatively small contributor in terms of production , accounting for 1 % of global wood supply for industrial purposes . </P> <H3> Horticulture ( edit ) </H3> Vineyard in Marlborough <P> There are about 400 growers of stone fruit who utilise 3000 hectares of land , mostly in the Hawke 's Bay and Otago regions . Three quarters of the fruit produced is consumed domestically . Peaches , nectarines and plums are produced for domestic consumption , and apricots and cherries , almost all from Otago , are exported . About 30 varieties of apples and pears are exported , with over 16 million tray carton equivalents ( 18 kg ) of apples and 300,000 tce 's of pears exported in 2007 . Most pipfruit is grown in the Hawke 's Bay and Tasman regions , with about 10,000 hectares planted . </P> <P> Kiwifruit is grown in many regions of the North Island and in the north of the South Island , but is most concentrated in the Bay of Plenty . There are 2,700 kiwifruit growers , with over 13,000 hectares planted . Over 80 million trays of kiwifruit were exported in 2006 , about one - quarter of the world 's production . Kiwifruit is New Zealand 's largest horticultural export by value . </P> <P> In 2007 there were over 29 , 0000 hectares planted in grapes ( mostly in Marlborough , Hawke 's Bay and Gisborne ) , 205,000 tonnes of grapes were produced , and there were 543 wineries . Citrus fruit is grown in Gisborne , Northland and Auckland . Blackcurrants and other berry fruits are grown in Tasman , Waikato , Canterbury and Auckland . </P> <P> Avocados and other subtropical fruits are grown in Northland and the Bay of Plenty . Total exports of fresh fruit were worth NZD 1,200 million in 2007 , and NZD 105 million of processed fruit was also exported . 76 million litres of wine , worth NZD 698 million , was exported . </P> Hay bales in Otago <P> Almost all hay and silage is consumed on the same farm as it is produced . Most supplementary feed crops are grown in the South Island , where the colder climate forces additional feeding of stock during winter . Wheat is mostly grown in the Canterbury region and is used for domestic consumption in bread and biscuits . By - products are bran and pollard , which are used for stock feed . Barley is used for stock feed and for malt . Some barley is exported , depending on international price fluctuations

Most of New Zealand's land supports

Most of new zealands land supports which economic activity?

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Lilium longiflorum - Wikipedia <H1> Lilium longiflorum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese . ( September 2012 ) Click ( show ) for important translation instructions . <Ul> <Li> View a machine - translated version of the Japanese article . </Li> <Li> Google 's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations , but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate , rather than simply copy - pasting machine - translated text into the English Wikipedia . </Li> <Li> Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low - quality . If possible , verify the text with references provided in the foreign - language article . </Li> <Li> You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation . A model attribution edit summary ( using German ) : Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at ( ( : de : Exact name of German article ) ) ; see its history for attribution . </Li> <Li> You should also add the template ( ( Translated ja テッポウユリ ) ) to the talk page . </Li> <Li> For more guidance , see Wikipedia : Translation . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lilium longiflorum </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Plantae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( unranked ) : </Td> <Td> Angiosperms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( unranked ) : </Td> <Td> Monocots </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Liliales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Liliaceae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Lilium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Species : </Td> <Td> L. longiflorum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Binomial name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Lilium longiflorum Thunb . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Lilium longiflorum ( Japanese : テッポウユリ , Teppōyuri ) , often called the Easter lily , is a plant endemic to both Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands ( Japan ) . Lilium formosana , a closely related species from Taiwan , has been treated as a variety of Easter lily in the past . It is a stem rooting lily , growing up to 1 m ( 3 ft 3 in ) high . It bears a number of trumpet shaped , white , fragrant , and outward facing flowers . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Features </Li> <Li> 2 Cultivation </Li> <Li> 3 Use in Eastertide </Li> <Li> 4 History </Li> <Li> 5 Chemistry </Li> <Li> 6 Toxicity </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Features ( edit ) </H2> <P> Plants tend to grow from about 50 cm ( 20 in ) to 1 m ( 3 ft 3 in ) tall . They have long oval leaves and the vein enters the horizontal direction . From April to June , the plant 's flowering season , it produces pure white flowers on top of the stem . The stem has a cylindrical shape , with a diameter of about 5 cm ( 2.0 in ) . </P> <H2> Cultivation ( edit ) </H2> <P> A variety of it , L. longiflorum var . eximium , native to the Ryukyu Islands , is taller and more vigorous . It is extensively cultivated for cut flowers . It has irregular blooming periods in nature , and this is exploited in cultivation , allowing it to be forced for flowering at particular periods , such as Easter . However , it can be induced to flower over a much wider period . This variety is sometimes called the Bermuda lily because it has been much cultivated in Bermuda . </P> Lilium longiflorum ' Pink - Heaven ' <H2> Use in Eastertide ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lilium longiflorum is known as the Easter lily because in Christianity , it is a symbol of the resurrection of Christ , which is celebrated during Eastertide . The `` lily has always been highly regarded in the Church '' , as Jesus Himself referenced the flower , saying `` Consider the lilies how they grow : they toil not , they spin not ; and yet I say unto you , that Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these '' ( Luke 12 : 27 ) . Moreover , according to pious legend , `` after Jesus ' death and resurrection , some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane , where Jesus went to pray the night before His crucifixion . Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus ' sweat fell as he prayed '' . In many Christian churches , the chancel is adorned with Easter lilies throughout the Paschal season . A poem of the early 1900s titled Easter Lilies by S.R. Allen , delineates this custom : </P> <P> Somewhere while the Easter lilies Swing their perfumed censers white , Softened rays of sunlight falling In lines aslant , and warm , and bright , Shall gild the altar , nave and chancel ; Rest with tender roseate ray On the font , enwreathed with lilies For baptismal rites today . Another pilgrim on the journey From the cradle to the tomb , Shall receive a name and blessing While the Easter lilies bloom . </P> -- Mrs. S.R. Allen <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> From the 1890s to the early 1920s , there was a thriving export trade of bulbs from Bermuda to New York . A disease affected the Bermuda lilies : this was identified by Lawrence Ogilvie . In 1903 , USDA Agricultural Research Services ( ARS ) started to distribute disease free plant materials and seeds . The agency also started a breeding program , and released one of the first dwarf cultivars for potted - plant production in 1929 . Prior to USDA 's effort , lily bulbs were mostly imported from Japan before the 1940s . The supply of bulbs was suddenly cut off after the attack on Pearl Harbor and Easter lilies became extremely valuable in the United States . </P> <P> Currently , nearly all Easter lily bulbs used in North America are grown on coastal bottom lands in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon , particularly in the town of Smith River , California , according to the trade association Easter Lily Research Association , as cited in an article on takepart.com </P> <H2> Chemistry ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Easter lily is a rich source of steroidal glycosides . It also contains bitter principles such as 3 , 6 ′ - diferuloylsucrose . </P> <H2> Toxicity ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some Lilium species are toxic to cats . This is known to be so especially for L. longiflorum , though other Lilium and the unrelated Hemerocallis can also cause the same symptoms . The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined , but it involves damage to the renal tubular epithelium ( composing the substance of the kidney and secreting , collecting , and conducting urine ) , which can cause acute renal failure . Veterinary help should be sought , as a matter of urgency , for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily -- including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Collins , Cynthia ( 19 April 2014 ) . `` Easter Lily Tradition and History '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 20 April 2014 . The Easter Lily is symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ . Churches of all denominations , large and small , are filled with floral arrangements of these white flowers with their trumpet - like shape on Easter morning . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Schell , Stanley ( 1916 ) . Easter Celebrations . Werner & Company . p. 84 . We associate the lily with Easter , as pre-eminently the symbol of the Resurrection . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Soares , Theodore Gerald ( 1907 ) . The Week of Our Lord 's Passion . Hope Publishing Company . p. 210 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 . The lily has always been highly regarding in the Church . Jesus said `` Consider the lilies . '' The white lily is the symbol of purity . There is a peculiar fitness in the choice of this flower as an Easter emblem . Its bulb is hidden in the earth , and waits the coming of the Easter season to spring forth and blossom . Beautiful in itself it is still more beautiful in its sacred significance . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hafer , Todd ( 2006 ) . Easter A to Z . Hallmark Cards , Incorporated . p. 17 . ISBN 9781595301079 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 . Easter lilies are , perhaps , the most famous holiday flowers of all time . Sometime after Jesus ' death and resurrection , some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane , where Jesus went to pray the night before His crucifixion . Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus ' sweat fell as he prayed and became very sad about what was happening to Him . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Swenson , Allan A. ( 2002 ) . Flowers of the Bible : And How to Grow Them . Kensington Publishing Corporation . p. 182 . ISBN 9780806523149 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 . Christian tradition also says that lilies were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane after Christ 's agony . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Luther League Review : 1936 - 1937 . Luther League of America . 1936 . There were Easter lilies everywhere , on the platform in Sunday School , and the church was full of them , around the organ , along the chancel rail , inside the chancel , the whole front of the church seemed full of them . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Franklin , Estelle Eva ( 1906 ) . Home Science Magazine . Lore of the Lily : Beautiful Traditions That are Associated With the Easter Flower - Its Universality . Home Science Publishing Company . p. 550 . The Easter lily , the emblem of the Christian church for centuries , is probably more largely used for decoration of altar and shrine throughout the civilized world , in the festival of the Resurrection , than all other flowers combined . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ludwig , O.C. ; S.R. Allen ( 1906 ) . Pictures and Poems of Arkansas . Easter Lilies . Sketch Book Publishing Co. p. 103 . Retrieved 20 April 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Brief History of Easter Lilies and the Role of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center '' ( PDF ) . USDA - ARS . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Are Your Easter Lilies Poisoning This California Town ? '' . Participant Media . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Munafo , JP ; Gianfagna , TJ ( 2011 ) . `` Quantitative analysis of steroidal glycosides in different organs of Easter lily ( Lilium longiflorum Thunb . ) by LC - MS / MS '' . J Agric Food Chem. 59 ( 3 ) : 995 -- 1004 . doi : 10.1021 / jf1036454 . PMID 21235207 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Shoyama , Yukihiro ; Hatano , Koji ; Nishioka , Itsuo ; Yamagishi ,

The Easter lily got its name because,

Where did the easter lily get its name?

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List of largest houses in the Los Angeles metropolitan area - wikipedia <H1> List of largest houses in the Los Angeles metropolitan area </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This List of largest houses in the Los Angeles metropolitan area includes 12 single - family residences that are known to equal or exceed 30,000 square feet of livable space within the main house . The official square footage of the largest houses in Los Angeles excludes ancillary buildings such as guest quarters and pool houses . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Proximity </Li> <Li> 2 Largest houses by floor space </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Proximity ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eleven of the 12 homes lie within what is known as the Platinum Triangle including three in Holmby Hills and four in Beverly Hills . Another four of these houses are situated in Bel Air within a 1000 - foot radius . </P> <H2> Largest houses by floor space ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Square footage </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Acreage </Th> <Th> Address </Th> <Th> Neighborhood </Th> <Th> Private Owner ( birthplace ) </Th> <Th> Year completed </Th> <Th> Bedrooms </Th> <Th> Bathrooms </Th> <Th> Est . Last Sale Price </Th> <Th> Est . Price / sqft . </Th> <Th> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 55,005 </Td> <Td> The Manor at Holmby Hills </Td> <Td> 4.7 acres </Td> <Td> 594 South Mapleton Drive </Td> <Td> Holmby Hills </Td> <Td> Petra Stunt ( England ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> $85,000,000 ( 2011 ) </Td> <Td> $1,545 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 51,000 </Td> <Td> Hacienda De La Paz </Td> <Td> 7.27 acres </Td> <Td> 1 Buggy Whip Drive </Td> <Td> Rolling Hills </Td> <Td> John Z . Blazevich ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ) </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> $2,050,000 ( 1993 ) ( lot only ) </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 49,300 </Td> <Td> The Pritzker Estate </Td> <Td> 3.11 acres </Td> <Td> 1261 Angelo Drive </Td> <Td> Beverly Hills </Td> <Td> Anthony Pritzker ( United States ) </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> unknown </Td> <Td> $14,700,147 ( 2005 ) ( previous home on lot ) </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 45,891 </Td> <Td> 457 Bel Air Road </Td> <Td> 4.01 acres </Td> <Td> 457 Bel Air Road </Td> <Td> Bel Air </Td> <Td> Beny Alagem ( Israel ) </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> $870,008 ( 2002 ) ( lot only ) </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 44,925 </Td> <Td> Le Palais </Td> <Td> 0.98 acres </Td> <Td> 904 North Crescent Drive </Td> <Td> Beverly Hills </Td> <Td> Lola Karimova - Tillyaeva ( Soviet Union ) </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> $5,000,000 ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> $111 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 42,877 </Td> <Td> Fleur de Lys </Td> <Td> 4.19 acres </Td> <Td> 350 North Carolwood Drive </Td> <Td> Holmby Hills </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> $88,300,000 ( 2011 ) </Td> <Td> $2,059 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 42,831 </Td> <Td> Château des Fleurs </Td> <Td> 1.94 acres </Td> <Td> 620 Stone Canyon Road </Td> <Td> Bel Air </Td> <Td> James A. Kaplan ( United States ) </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> $2,992,000 ( 1998 ) ( previous home on lot ) </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 38,000 </Td> <Td> Billionaire </Td> <Td> 1.08 acres </Td> <Td> 924 Bel Air Road </Td> <Td> Bel Air </Td> <Td> Bruce Makowsky ( United States ) </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 35,796 </Td> <Td> 1156 Shadow Hill Way </Td> <Td> 2.32 acres </Td> <Td> 1156 Shadow Hill Way </Td> <Td> Beverly Hills </Td> <Td> Daniel Mani ( Egypt ) </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> $5,000,000 ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> $140 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 35,378 </Td> <Td> Le Belvédère </Td> <Td> 2.2 acres </Td> <Td> 630 Nimes Road </Td> <Td> Bel Air </Td> <Td> Mohamed Hadid ( Israel ) </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> $50,000,000 ( 2010 ) </Td> <Td> $1413 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 31,335 </Td> <Td> 49 Beverly Park Circle </Td> <Td> 2.19 acres </Td> <Td> 49 Beverly Park Circle </Td> <Td> Beverly Hills </Td> <Td> Alec Gores ( Israel ) </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 30,000 </Td> <Td> 301 North Carolwood Drive </Td> <Td> 2.17 acres </Td> <Td> 301 North Carolwood Drive </Td> <Td> Holmby Hills </Td> <Td> Tom Gores ( Israel ) </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> $13,250,000 ( 2014 ) ( previous home on lot ) </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 30,000 </Td> <Td> 454 Cuesta Way </Td> <Td> 1.88 acres </Td> <Td> 454 Cuesta Way </Td> <Td> Bel Air </Td> <Td> Jay - Z and Beyoncé ( United States ) </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> $88,000,000 ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> $2,933 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of largest houses in the United States </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Kudler , Adrian Glick ( July 10 , 2012 ) . `` Here Are the 10 Biggest Single Family Houses in Los Angeles '' . LA.Curbed.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The 5 Largest Mansions in Los Angeles '' . LAInsideTours.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Cavatore , Alison ( July 11 , 2012 ) . `` Ten Largest Single - Family Homes in Greater Los Angeles '' . HauteLiving.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 594 S Mapleton Dr , Los Angeles , CA 90024 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1 Buggy Whip Dr , Rolling Hills , CA 90274 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1261 Angelo Dr , Beverly Hills , CA 90210 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cummins , Mary ( February 17 , 2015 ) . `` Anthony Pritzker 1261 Angelo , Super mansion in Bel Air built quietly 80,000 sf '' . MaryCumminsRealEstateMaryCummins.blogspot.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 457 Bel Air Rd , Los Angeles , CA 90077 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 904 N Crescent Dr , Los Angeles , CA 90210 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` More Pictures Of The $58 Million Le Palais Mega Mansion In Beverly Hills , CA '' . HomesOfTheRich.net . September 30 , 2012 . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 904 North Crescent Drive , Beverly Hills , CA 90210 '' . Estately.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 350 N Carolwood Dr , Los Angeles , CA 90077 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved September 11 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 620 Stone Canyon Rd , Los Angeles , CA 90077 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Schellenbaum , Amy ( November 15 , 2013 ) . `` L.A. 's 60K - Square - Foot Chateau Des Fleurs Will Eat Us All '' . Curbed.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Groves , Martha ( December 20 , 2013 ) . `` New Bel - Air mansion reflects resurgence of behemoth L.A. homes '' . LATimes.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 924 Bel Air Road , Los Angeles , CA 90077 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved April 1 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kiefer , Peter ( January 18 , 2017 ) . `` America 's Most Expensive Home : $250 M Los Angeles Mansion Hits the Market '' . HollywoodReporter.com . Retrieved April 1 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Leitereg , Neal J. ( January 18 , 2017 ) . `` The U.S. ' priciest house for sale is a Bel - Air mansion that includes 7 staffers and a helicopter '' . LATimes.com . Retrieved April 1 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stone , Natalie ( January 18 , 2017 ) . `` Grab Your Checkbook ! The Most Expensive Home in America Hits the Market for $250 Million '' . People.com . Retrieved April 1 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1156 Shadow Hill Way , Los Angeles , CA 90210 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Smith , Kevin ( August 14 , 2016 ) . `` These are the most expensive homes in Southern California you 'll likely never be able to afford '' . DailyNews.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Martinez , Jose ( May 11 , 2011 ) . `` Developer Gives $1 Million for WeHo Library '' . BeverlyPress.com . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 630 Nimes Rd , Los Angeles , CA 90077 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 49 Beverly Park , Beverly Hills , CA 90210 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Poll : Which Beverly Park Mega Mansion Would YOU Want To Live In ? '' . HomesOfTheRich.net . August 27 , 2012 . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 301 N Carolwood Dr , Los Angeles , CA 90210 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Holmby Hills Spec Home with Celebrity Ties Hits Market for $150 Million '' . Forbes.com. April 15 , 2016 . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barragan , Bianca ( October 24 , 2016 ) . `` Ridiculous Holmby Hills spec house now belongs to Detroit Pistons owner Tom Gores '' . LA.Curbed.com . Retrieved September 11 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Schmidt , Mackenzie ( August 22 , 2017 ) . `` All About Beyonce and Jay - Z 's New $88 Million Bel Air Mansion '' . People.com . Retrieved September 10 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hudson , Subrina ( July 31 , 2017 ) . `` If $90 M deal goes through , Beyoncé and Jay - Z will finally experience the joys of homeownership in LA '' . TheRealDeal.com . Retrieved September 11 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 454 Cuesta Way , Los Angeles , CA 90077 '' . Zillow.com . Retrieved September 11 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_houses_in_the_Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area&oldid=821630804 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Lists of largest buildings and structures </Li> <Li> Houses in the United States </Li> <Li> Lists of buildings and structures in the United States </Li> <Li> Buildings and

The owner of the biggest house in Beverly Hills is

Who owns the biggest house in beverly hills?

-1141391488445604324

Moscow Kremlin - wikipedia <H1> Moscow Kremlin </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Kremlin '' redirects here . For the type of Russian fortress , see Kremlin ( fortification ) . For other uses , see Kremlin ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Moscow Kremlin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Native name Russian : Моско́вский Кремль </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> View of the Kremlin from south - west , from Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Moscow , Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 55 ° 45 ′ 6 '' N 37 ° 37 ′ 4 '' E  /  55.75167 ° N 37.61778 ° E  / 55.75167 ; 37.61778 Coordinates : 55 ° 45 ′ 6 '' N 37 ° 37 ′ 4 '' E  /  55.75167 ° N 37.61778 ° E  / 55.75167 ; 37.61778 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 27.7 hectares ( 0.277 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Built </Th> <Td> 1482 -- 1495 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> UNESCO World Heritage Site </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Official name : Kremlin and Red Square , Moscow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Cultural </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criteria </Th> <Td> i , ii , iv , vi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> 1990 ( 14th session ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference no . </Th> <Td> 545 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State Party </Th> <Td> Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Td> Eastern Europe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location in Central Moscow </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian : Моско́вский Кремль , tr . Moskovskiy Kreml , IPA : ( mɐˈskofskjɪj krjemlj ) ) , usually referred to as the Kremlin , is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow , overlooking the Moskva River to the south , Saint Basil 's Cathedral and Red Square to the east , and the Alexander Garden to the west . It is the best known of the kremlins ( Russian citadels ) and includes five palaces , four cathedrals , and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers . Also within this complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace that was formerly the tsar 's Moscow residence . The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation . </P> <P> The name `` Kremlin '' means `` fortress inside a city '' , and is often also used metonymically to refer to the government of the Russian Federation in a similar sense to how `` White House '' is used to refer to the Executive Office of the President of the United States . It had previously been used to refer to the government of the Soviet Union ( 1922 -- 1991 ) and its highest members ( such as general secretaries , premiers , presidents , ministers , and commissars ) . The term `` Kremlinology '' refers to the study of Soviet and Russian politics . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Origin </Li> <Li> 1.2 Seat of grand dukes </Li> <Li> 1.3 Residence of the tsars </Li> <Li> 1.4 Imperial period </Li> <Li> 1.5 Soviet period and beyond <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 State Kremlin Palace </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Buildings <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Helipad </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Moscow Metro </Li> <Li> 4 References <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Specific </Li> <Li> 4.2 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Origin ( edit ) </H3> <P> The site has been continuously inhabited by Finno - Ugric peoples since the 2nd century BC . The Slavs occupied the south - western portion of Borovitsky Hill as early as the 11th century , as evidenced by a metropolitan seal from the 1090s which was unearthed by Soviet archaeologists in the area . Vyatichi built a fortified structure ( or `` grad '' ) on the hill where the Neglinnaya River flowed into the Moskva River . </P> <P> Up to the 14th century , the site was known as the ' grad of Moscow ' . The word `` Kremlin '' was first recorded in 1331 ( though etymologist Max Vasmer mentions an earlier appearance in 1320 ) . The grad was greatly extended by Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy in 1156 , destroyed by the Mongols in 1237 and rebuilt in oak in 1339 . </P> <H3> Seat of Grand dukes ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dmitri Donskoi replaced the oak walls with a strong citadel of white limestone in 1366 -- 1368 on the basic foundations of the current walls ; this fortification withstood a siege by Khan Tokhtamysh . Dmitri 's son Vasily I resumed construction of churches and cloisters in the Kremlin . The newly built Cathedral of the Annunciation was painted by Theophanes the Greek , Andrei Rublev , and Prokhor in 1406 . The Chudov Monastery was founded by Dmitri 's tutor , Metropolitan Alexis ; while his widow , Eudoxia , established the Ascension Convent in 1397 . </P> <H3> Residence of the tsars ( edit ) </H3> Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell , two of the Kremlin 's visitor attractions <P> Grand Prince Ivan III organised the deconstruction of the Kremlin , inviting a number of skilled architects from Renaissance Italy , including Petrus Antonius Solarius , who designed the new Kremlin wall and its towers , and Marcus Ruffus who designed the new palace for the prince . It was during his reign that three extant cathedrals of the Kremlin , the Deposition Church , and the Palace of Facets were constructed . The highest building of the city and Muscovite Russia was the Ivan the Great Bell Tower , built in 1505 -- 08 and augmented to its present height in 1600 . The Kremlin walls as they now appear were built between 1485 and 1495 . Spasskie gates of the wall still bear a dedication in Latin praising Petrus Antonius Solarius for the design . </P> <P> After construction of the new kremlin walls and churches was complete , the monarch decreed that no structures should be built in the immediate vicinity of the citadel . The Kremlin was separated from the walled merchant town ( Kitay - gorod ) by a 30 - meter - wide moat , over which Saint Basil 's Cathedral was constructed during the reign of Ivan the Terrible . The same tsar also renovated some of his grandfather 's palaces , added a new palace and cathedral for his sons , and endowed the Trinity metochion inside the Kremlin . The metochion was administrated by the Trinity Monastery and contained the graceful tower church of St. Sergius , which was described by foreigners as one of the finest in the country . </P> <P> During the Time of Troubles , the Kremlin was held by the Polish forces for two years , between 21 September 1610 and 26 October 1612 . The Kremlin 's liberation by the volunteer army of prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin paved the way for the election of Mikhail Romanov as the new tsar . During his reign and that of his son Alexis and grandson Fyodor , the eleven - domed Upper Saviour Cathedral , Armorial Gate , Terem Palace , Amusement Palace and the palace of Patriarch Nikon were built . Following the death of Alexis 's son , Fyodor , and the Moscow Uprising of 1682 , Czar Peter escaped with much difficulty from the Kremlin and as a result developed a dislike for it . Three decades later , Peter abandoned the residence of his forefathers for his new capital , Saint Petersburg . </P> <Table> External images <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Graphic reconstruction of the Moscow fortress at the beginning of the 18th century </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Graphic reconstruction of the Moscow fortress at the beginning of the 19th century </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Imperial period ( edit ) </H3> Grand Kremlin Palace , commissioned 1838 by Czar Nicholas I , constructed 1839 - 49 , today the official residence of the President of Russia <P> Although still used for coronation ceremonies , the Kremlin was abandoned and neglected until 1773 , when Catherine the Great engaged Vasili Bazhenov to build her new residence there . Bazhenov produced a bombastic Neoclassical design on a heroic scale , which involved the demolition of several churches and palaces , as well as a portion of the Kremlin wall . After the preparations were over , construction was delayed due to lack of funds . Several years later the architect Matvey Kazakov supervised the reconstruction of the dismantled sections of the wall and of some structures of the Chudov Monastery , and built the spacious and luxurious Offices of the Senate , since adapted for use as the principal workplace of the President of Russia . </P> <P> During the Imperial period , from the early 18th and until the late 19th century , the Kremlin walls were traditionally painted white , in accordance with fashion . </P> <P> French forces occupied the Kremlin from 2 September to 11 October 1812 , following the French invasion of Russia . When Napoleon retreated from Moscow , he ordered the whole Kremlin to be blown up . The Kremlin Arsenal , several portions of the Kremlin Wall and several wall towers were destroyed by explosions and the Faceted Chamber and other churches were damaged by fire . Explosions continued for three days , from 21 to 23 October 1812 . However , rain damaged the fuses , and the damage was less severe than intended . Restoration works were undertaken in 1816 -- 19 , supervised by Osip Bove . During the remainder of the reign of Alexander I , several ancient structures were renovated in a fanciful neo-Gothic style , but many others having been condemned as `` disused '' or `` dilapidated '' , including all the buildings of the Trinity metochion , and were torn down . </P> <P> On visiting Moscow for his coronation festivities , Czar Nicholas I was not satisfied with the Grand Palace ( alias Winter Palace ) , which had been erected in the 1750s to the design of Francesco Rastrelli . The elaborate Baroque structure was demolished , as was the nearby church of St. John the Precursor , built by Aloisio the New in 1508 in place of the first church constructed in Moscow . The architect Konstantin Thon was commissioned to replace them with the Grand Kremlin Palace , which was to rival the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in its dimensions and in the opulence of its interiors . The palace was constructed in 1839 -- 49 , followed by the re-building of the Kremlin Armoury in 1851 . </P> <P> After 1851 the Kremlin changed little until the Russian Revolution of 1917 ; the only new features added during this period were the Monument to Alexander II and a stone cross marking the spot where in 1905 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia was assassinated by Ivan Kalyayev . These monuments were destroyed by the Bolsheviks in 1918 . </P> <H3> Soviet period and beyond ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Soviet government moved from Petrograd to Moscow on 12 March 1918 . Vladimir Lenin selected the Kremlin Senate as his residence . Joseph Stalin also had his personal rooms in the Kremlin . He was eager to remove all the `` relics of the tsarist regime '' from his headquarters . Golden eagles on the towers were replaced by shining Kremlin stars , while the wall near Lenin 's Mausoleum was turned into the Kremlin Wall Necropolis . </P>

The original purpose of the Kremlin was

What was the original purpose of the kremlin?

-2912534651218543566

2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony - wikipedia <H1> 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article is incomplete . Please help to improve it , or discuss the issue on the talk page . ( February 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Yuna Kim , South Korean Olympic figure skating champion , lights the Olympic cauldron </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 9 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 09 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time </Th> <Td> 20 : 00 -- 22 : 20 KST ( UTC + 9 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Pyeongchang , South Korea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 37 ° 40 ′ 03 '' N 128 ° 42 ′ 20 '' E  /  37.66750 ° N 128.70556 ° E  / 37.66750 ; 128.70556 Coordinates : 37 ° 40 ′ 03 '' N 128 ° 42 ′ 20 '' E  /  37.66750 ° N 128.70556 ° E  / 37.66750 ; 128.70556 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> Peace in Motion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Filmed by </Th> <Td> SBS and OBS </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2018 Winter Olympics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bid process ( bid details ) </Li> <Li> Venues </Li> <Li> Torch relay </Li> <Li> Mascots </Li> <Li> Broadcasters </Li> <Li> Opening ceremony ( flag bearers ) </Li> <Li> Chronological summary </Li> <Li> Medal table ( medalists ) </Li> <Li> World and Olympic records </Li> <Li> Controversies ( ban on Russian athletes ) </Li> <Li> Closing ceremony ( flag bearers ) </Li> <Li> Paralympics </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> IOC </Li> <Li> KOC </Li> <Li> POCOG </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang , South Korea on 9 February 2018 . It began at 20 : 00 KST and finished at approximately 22 : 20 KST . The Games were officially opened by President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae - in . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Preparations </Li> <Li> 2 Ceremony </Li> <Li> 3 Programme <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Parade of Nations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Torch lighting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Wish Fire </Li> <Li> 3.4 Intel ® Drone Light Show </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Mike Pence </Li> <Li> 4.2 Russian hacking </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Dignitaries in attendance </Li> <Li> 6 Anthems </Li> <Li> 7 Ceremony key team </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Preparations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The site of the opening ceremony , Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium , was built specifically for the Games . The pentagonal stadium seats 35,000 . The organizers for the event said the shape was chosen because it is a combination of different shapes , a circle , a square , and a triangle , which represent heaven , earth , and mankind . No Olympic or Paralympic events will be held at the stadium , which will only be used for the opening and closing ceremonies . The venue will be torn down afterwards . </P> <P> The broadcast of the Opening Ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympic Games was available in more than 200 countries around the world . </P> <Ul> <Li> Ha Hyun - woo of the band Guckkasten , Ahn Ji - young of the musical duo Bolbbalgan4 , Lee Eun - mi and Jeon In - kwon with his band Deulgukhwa performed and sang John Lennon 's `` Imagine '' at the opening ceremony . </Li> <Li> The Rainbow Children 's Choir performed an arrangement , with Korean traditional musical instruments , of the national anthem , `` Aegukga '' . The multiethnic children 's choir was formed to educate the Korean public about multicultural families living in Korea . </Li> <Li> Insooni sang the theme song for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Torch Relay , `` Let Everyone Shine '' . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Ceremony ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ceremony 's message centered on peace , passion , harmony , and convergence . </P> <P> Five children from rural Gangwon province led the ceremony , which included one Inmyeonjo ( a mythical creature with a body of a bird and a head of a man , a creature that only appears when the world is at peace ) , four mythical creatures , including a white tiger -- spirit animal protector of Korea and the mascot of these Games , natural floral and fauna , and a cast of 2,000 . Five children were used to symbolize the five Olympic rings , and the five names were chosen to represent fire , water , wood , metal , and earth , the five elements that are believed to make up the Earth . </P> <P> Augmented reality and 5G technology were also incorporated in the event . The largest drone show in history , featuring 1,218 Shooting Star drones , was planned for the ceremony but cancelled at the last minute ; television audiences were shown a version that had been recorded the previous December . </P> <P> During the opening ceremony the organizing committee was a victim of a cyber attack , but without major consequences . </P> <H2> Programme ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Parade of Nations ( edit ) </H3> Main article : 2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations <P> The Parade of Nations was led , according to custom due to hosting the original ancient Olympics , by the Greek team , followed by other competing countries in alphabetical order based on their names in the Korean language , with the host country , South Korea , concluding the march . </P> <P> The delegations from both the host nation South Korea and North Korea ( Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics ) marched under the Korean unification flag . South Korean Won Yun - jong and North Korean Hwang Chung - gum both held the flagpole . </P> <P> Even though the temperature in the stadium during the ceremony was very cold , Bermuda 's delegation wore shorts and Tongan Pita Taufatofua repeated his shirtless and oiled up Summer Olympic appearance . </P> <P> Background music for the parade began with an instrumental version of `` Hand in Hand '' by Koreana and included modern dance remixes of songs such as `` 단발 머리 '' by Cho Yong - pil and of traditional Korean music , as well as the following K - pop hits : `` Gangnam Style '' by Psy , `` Likey '' by Twice , `` Fantastic Baby '' by Big Bang , `` DNA '' by BTS , and `` Red Flavor '' by Red Velvet . `` Red Flavor '' was cut off just as the unified Korean team was introduced . </P> <H3> Torch lighting ( edit ) </H3> See also : 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay Cauldron <P> The Olympic flame was on a 101 - day relay across South Korea . The start of the ceremony takes place in Olympia of Greece . Apostles Angelis , 24 years old cross-country skier , is selected to be the first torchbearer . He said `` It is a great honour for me to be chosen as the first torchbearer for the Olympic Winter Games of 2018 . It is truly a unique moment that I am looking forward to . I feel very proud and with a unique sense of happiness . '' Park Ji - Sung , football player in Republic of Korea , was the second person to hold the torch . After the flame touring around Greece for a week , it reached the Acropolis on 30th of October . There were 36 ceremonies held in different cities over a week , then the flame arrived to the PyeongChang Panathenaic Stadium . More than 500 torchbearers participated to follow the rituals of Olympic cycle , and carried the message of peace . In the stadium , Opera soloist Sumi Hwang sang the Olympic anthem during the torch lighting ceremony . The final person to hold the torch was Inbee Park , the golfer from Republic of Korea . Chung Su - hyon from North Korea and Park Jong - ah from South Korea carried the torch and headed up stairs toward the cauldron . As the torch neared the cauldron , an ice skating rink with South Korean figure skater Yuna Kim was revealed . Yuna Kim is the well - known figure skater who won gold medal in 2010 and silver metal in 2014 . The cauldron was designed to represent a full moon when it is not lit . Kim received the torch and lit the cauldron . </P> <H3> Wish fire ( edit ) </H3> <P> The final segment entitled `` Wish Fire '' featured Korean dance group Just Jerk ( who became known internationally for their participation in the twelfth season of America 's Got Talent ) entered the stage dressed as Dokkaebi , and performers with sparklers on roller blades . This segment in total featured 2,000 fireworks within and out of the stadium , some reaching as high as 1,300 metres ( 4,300 ft ) . </P> <H3> Intel ® drone light Show ( edit ) </H3> <P> More than 1,200 Intel Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ( UAVs ) or drones flying above Pyeong Chang to celebrate the opening of 2018 Winter Olympic Games . Intel ® drone team now holds the Guinness World Record of flying largest number of drones . The drones flew together to form custom animations illustrating snow boarding , skiing , other different sports , as well as the iconic Olympic rings . The Shooting Star drones carried on the symbol of unity and progress from lighting of the torch . </P> <H2> Controversies ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Mike Pence ( edit ) </H3> <P> While there is no protocol requiring guests to stand for the host country 's arrival , United States Vice President Mike Pence was criticized for not standing , as North and South Korean athletes entered during the Parade of Athletes . Pence was accused of hypocrisy , with critics drawing parallels to national anthem protests by NFL athletes . </P> <H3> Russian hacking ( edit ) </H3> <P> On 24 February , the Washington Post reported that U.S. intelligence uncovered Russian spies hacked computers during the Opening Ceremony , an act that was previously speculated to be the work of North Korea . Analysts believed the Russians instigated the February 9 attack as a way to retaliate for the International Olympic Committee 's decision to ban Russia from the 2018 Winter Olympics as punishment for doping violations . </P> <H2> Dignitaries in attendance ( edit ) </H2> Mike Pence , Vice President of the United States <Ul> <Li> Co-Prince of Andorra and President of France Emmanuel Macron </Li> <Li> Governor General Julie Payette </Li> <Li> Politburo standing member Han Zheng </Li> <Li> Vice President Óscar Naranjo </Li> <Li> President Kersti Kaljulaid </Li> <Li> Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean - Yves Le Drian and Minister of Sports Laura Flessel </Li> <Li> President Frank - Walter Steinmeier </Li> <Li> Sports Minister Luca Lotti </Li> <Li> Prime Minister Shinzo Abe </Li> <Li> President of Korea Moon Jae - In </Li> <Li> President Dalia Grybauskaitė </Li> <Li> President Hashim Thaçi </Li> <Li> Grand Duke Henri </Li> <Li> Prince Albert II </Li> <Li> King Willem Alexander , Queen Máxima and Prime Minister Mark Rutte </Li> <Li> President of the Presidium of the Supreme People 's Assembly Kim Yong - nam and Director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Workers ' Party of Korea Kim Yo - jong </Li> <Li> President Andrzej Duda </Li> <Li> Minister of Youth and Sports Vanja Udovičić </Li> <Li> President Andrej Kiska </Li> <Li>

The opening ceremonies of the Olympics 2018 took place on

When is the opening ceremonies of the olympics 2018?

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Theme from the Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) - wikipedia <H1> Theme from the Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Waylon Jennings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Music Man </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` It 's Alright '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA 12067 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Waylon Jennings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Richie Albright </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Waylon Jennings singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Clyde '' ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> `` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) '' ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> `` Storms Never Last '' ( 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Clyde '' ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> `` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) '' ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> `` Storms Never Last '' ( duet with Jessi Colter ) ( 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The `` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) '' is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Waylon Jennings . It was released in August 1980 as the second single from the album Music Man . Recognizable to fans as the theme to the CBS comedy adventure television series The Dukes of Hazzard , the song became a # 1 hit on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart in 1980 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Song history </Li> <Li> 2 Commercial performance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions </Li> <Li> 4 Other artists </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Song History ( edit ) </H2> <P> As the narrator for the movie Moonrunners ( 1975 ) , Jennings was tapped to serve in the same capacity for The Dukes of Hazzard which premiered on CBS in 1979 and was based on Moonrunners . Jennings wrote the theme song for the show and recorded two versions : the television theme version and a slightly different version made commercially available on both single and album which received radio airplay . </P> <P> The television show version features Larry McNeely 's banjo work which the commercially available version does not . Additionally , the television version 's third verse contains the lyric , `` Fightin ' the system like two modern - day Robin Hoods '' , which is accompanied by a `` Yee - haw ! '' said by characters , Bo Duke ( John Schneider ) and Luke Duke ( Tom Wopat ) , though it is in fact Schneider 's vocal used twice . </P> <P> The commercially available version receiving radio airplay contains a musical bridge which follows the first verse and chorus . Also , following the commercial version 's second chorus , Jennings makes a tongue - in - cheek reference to his faceless appearance in the credits by singing , `` I 'm a good ol ' boy , you know my mama loves me , but she do n't understand why they keep showing my hands and not my face on TV '' ( a statement referring to the opening shot in the television theme version where Jennings is only shown below the neck playing guitar ) . </P> <P> Most of Jennings ' greatest hits albums and various compilation releases containing the `` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) '' feature the commercially available version . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In November 1980 , `` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard ( Good Ol ' Boys ) '' became Jennings ' twelfth # 1 country hit overall ( tenth as a solo recording act ) . The song spent seventeen weeks on the Billboard country singles charts and became his biggest hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at # 21 . It also appeared on several other music charts . The original 1980 single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales over a million . Subsequent to the 2005 movie , the song was certified platinum in 2007 for a million ringtone sales . Note : the certification sales qualification levels had been changed in 1989 . </P> <H3> Charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1980 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian RPM Country Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Cashbox Top 100 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was covered by the Swedish Lo - fi - group Loosegoats on their demo For Sale by Owner but has never been featured on any of their full - length albums . </P> <P> Rapper Lil Wyte sampled the song on his song `` Comin ' Yo Direction '' off his album Doubt Me Now . </P> <H2> Other Artists ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Waylon Jennings ' son Shooter Jennings is known for singing `` Good ol ' Boys '' at the Dukefests , which honor the series , and his late father . </P> <P> Along with Willie Nelson and Ben L. Jones ( Cooter on the series ) , Waylon Jennings sang the song in an extended version . </P> <P> Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song while driving The General Lee for their album The Chipmunks Go Hollywood ( 1982 ) . </P> <P> In 2006 , John Schneider ( Bo Duke ) , Tom Wopat ( Luke Duke ) , and Catherine Bach ( Daisy Duke ) made a music video , as seen on the 7th Season DVD of the series . John Schneider also covered the song . </P> <P> In The Dukes of Hazzard film adaptation ( 2005 ) , a recording of Waylon Jennings was used in one scene , also , as heard on the soundtrack , by Willie Nelson ( Uncle Jesse in the film ) . </P> <P> In the film The Dukes of Hazzard : The Beginning ( 2007 ) , country singer John Anderson sings the theme . </P> <P> Rock band Cage9 , performed a cover version of the song was heard in the trailers from the same two films . </P> <P> Nike used the song in an advertising campaign featuring NFL star Randy Moss and NBA star Jason Williams , who were teammates in the same high school in rural Belle , West Virginia . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Roland , Tom , `` The Billboard of Number One Country Hits '' ( Billboard Watson - Guptill Publications , New York , 1991 ( ISBN 0 - 82 - 307553 - 2 ) ) , p. 426 - 427 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bruce Eder ( 1996 - 11 - 05 ) . `` Television 's Greatest Hits , Vol. 6 - Various Artists Songs , Reviews , Credits '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Gold & Platinum Certification - RIAA '' . RIAA . Retrieved 15 November 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Waylon Jennings Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Waylon Jennings Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Good Ol ' Boys by John Schneider '' . YouTube . 2013 - 05 - 04 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 17 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Whitburn , Joel , `` Top Country Songs : 1944 - 2005 , '' 2006 . </Li> <Li> Whitburn , Joel , `` Top Pop Singles : 1955 - 2006 , '' 2007 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` I Believe in You '' by Don Williams </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles number - one single November 1 , 1980 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` On the Road Again '' by Willie Nelson </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Waylon Jennings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Albums </Li> <Li> Singles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Waylon at JD 's </Li> <Li> Folk - Country </Li> <Li> Leavin ' Town </Li> <Li> Nashville Rebel </Li> <Li> Waylon Sings Ol ' Harlan </Li> <Li> Love of the Common People </Li> <Li> The One and Only </Li> <Li> Hangin ' On </Li> <Li> Only the Greatest </Li> <Li> Jewels </Li> <Li> Just to Satisfy You </Li> <Li> Waylon </Li> <Li> Singer of Sad Songs </Li> <Li> The Taker / Tulsa </Li> <Li> Cedartown , Georgia </Li> <Li> Good Hearted Woman </Li> <Li> Ladies Love Outlaws </Li> <Li> Lonesome , On'ry and Mean </Li> <Li> Honky Tonk Heroes </Li> <Li> This Time </Li> <Li> The Ramblin ' Man </Li> <Li> Dreaming My Dreams </Li> <Li> Are You Ready for the Country </Li> <Li> Ol ' Waylon </Li> <Li> I 've Always Been Crazy </Li> <Li> What Goes Around Comes Around </Li> <Li> Music Man </Li> <Li> Black on Black </Li> <Li> It 's Only Rock + Roll </Li> <Li> Waylon and Company </Li> <Li> Never Could Toe the Mark </Li> <Li> Turn the Page </Li> <Li> Sweet Mother Texas </Li> <Li> Will the Wolf Survive </Li> <Li> Hangin ' Tough </Li> <Li> A Man Called Hoss </Li> <Li> Full Circle </Li> <Li> The Eagle </Li> <Li> Too Dumb for New York City , Too Ugly for L.A. </Li> <Li> Ol ' Waylon Sings Ol ' Hank </Li> <Li> Cowboys , Sisters , Rascals & Dirt </Li> <Li> Waymore 's Blues ( Part II ) </Li> <Li> Right for the Time </Li> <Li> Closing In on the Fire </Li> <Li> Waylon Forever </Li> <Li> Goin ' Down Rockin ' : The Last Recordings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Waylon Live </Li> <Li> Never Say Die : Live </Li> <Li> Live from Austin , TX </Li> <Li> Never Say Die : The Final Concert </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable singles </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1960s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> `` That 's the Chance I 'll Have to Take '' </Li> <Li> `` Stop the World ( And Let Me Off ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Anita , You 're Dreaming '' </Li> <Li> `` Time to Bum Again '' </Li> <Li> `` ( That 's What You Get ) For Lovin ' Me ''

The theme song for the Dukes of Hazzard was sung by

Who sang theme song for dukes of hazard?

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flag of Venezuela </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> Naval Jack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The current flag of Venezuela was introduced in 2006 . The basic design includes a horizontal tricolor of yellow , blue , and red , dating to the original flag introduced in 1811 , in the Venezuelan War of Independence . Further modifications have involved including a set of stars , multiple changes to the placement and number of stars and inclusion of an optional coat of arms at the upper - left corner . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Original flag </Li> <Li> 2 Colors and symbolism </Li> <Li> 3 19th - century changes </Li> <Li> 4 1954 changes </Li> <Li> 5 2006 changes </Li> <Li> 6 Customs and regulations <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Folding the flag </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Flag anthem </Li> <Li> 8 Student Oath to the Flag </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Original flag ( edit ) </H2> Detail of The Battle of Carabobo ( 1887 ) by Martín Tovar y Tovar <P> The flag is essentially the one designed by Francisco de Miranda for his unsuccessful 1806 expedition to liberate Venezuela and later adopted by the National Congress of 1811 . It consisted of three equal horizontal stripes of yellow , blue and red . Miranda 's flag is also the inspiration for the flags of Colombia and Ecuador . This original design was first flown on March 12 , 1806 at Jacmel , Haiti as Miranda 's expedition prepared to make the final leg of its voyage to Venezuela . The flag was first flown over Venezuelan soil at La Vela de Coro , on August 3 . Until August 3 , 2006 , Flag Day was celebrated in Venezuela on March 12 . Since 2006 it has been celebrated on August 3 . </P> <P> Miranda gave at least two sources of inspiration for his flag . In a letter written to Count Semyon Vorontsov in 1792 , Miranda stated that the colors were based on a theory of primary colors given to him by the German writer and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . Miranda described a late - night conversation he had with Goethe at a party in Weimar during the winter of 1785 . Fascinated with Miranda 's account of his exploits in the United States Revolutionary War and his travels throughout the Americas and Europe , Goethe told him that , `` Your destiny is to create in your land a place where primary colors are not distorted . '' He proceeded to clarify what he meant by this : </P> <P> `` First he explained to me the way the iris transforms light into the three primary colors ( ... ) then he proved to me why yellow is the most warm , noble and closest to ( white ) light ; why blue is that mix of excitement and serenity , a distance that evokes shadows ; and why red is the exaltation of yellow and blue , the synthesis , the vanishing of light into shadow . </P> <P> It is not that the world is made of yellows , blues and reds ; it is that in this manner , as if in an infinite combination of these three colors , we human beings see it . ( ... ) A country starts out from a name and a flag , and it then becomes them , just as a man fulfils his destiny . '' </P> <P> After Miranda later designed his flag based on this conversation , he happily recalled seeing a fresco by Lazzaro Tavarone in the Palazzo Belimbau in Genoa that depicted Christopher Columbus unfurling a similar - colored flag in Veragua during his fourth voyage . </P> <P> In his military diary , Miranda gave another source of inspiration : the yellow , blue and red standard of the Burgers ' Guard ( Bürgerwache ) of Hamburg , which he also saw during his travels in Germany . The idea of the flag is documented in his 1801 plan for an army to liberate Spanish America , which he submitted unsuccessfully to the British cabinet . In it Miranda requested the materials for `` ten flags , whose colours shall be red , yellow and blue , in three zones . '' </P> <P> The symbolism traditionally ascribed to the colors are that the yellow band stands for the wealth of the land , the red for courage , and the blue for the independence from Spain , or `` golden '' America separated from bloody Spain by the deep blue sea . </P> <H2> Colors and symbolism ( edit ) </H2> <P> The official colors </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Scheme </Th> <Th> Yellow </Th> <Th> Blue </Th> <Th> Red </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pantone </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 287 </Td> <Td> 186 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> RGB ( hex ) </Td> <Td> 252 - 209 - 22 ( # FFCC00 ) </Td> <Td> 0 - 56 - 147 ( # 003893 ) </Td> <Td> 206 - 17 - 38 ( # CE1126 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CMYK </Td> <Td> C0 - M17. 1 - Y91. 3 - K0 </Td> <Td> C100 - M61. 9 - Y0 - K42. 4 </Td> <Td> C0 - M91. 7 - Y81. 6 - K19. 2 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> According to the current interpretation , the colors signify : </P> <Ul> <Li> Yellow : Represents the riches of the country , the wealth of Venezuelan soil , gold , sovereignty , harmony , justice and agriculture , as well as the Sun , the source of Light . </Li> <Li> Blue : represents courage </Li> <Li> Red : represents independence from Spain . </Li> </Ul> <H2> 19th - century changes ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the first half of the 19th century , seven stars were added to the flag to represent the seven signatories to the Venezuelan declaration of independence , being the provinces of Caracas , Cumaná , Barcelona , Barinas , Margarita , Mérida , and Trujillo . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1810 -- 1812 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1813 -- 1814 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1817 -- 1819 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1830 -- 1836 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1836 -- 1859 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1859 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1859 -- 1863 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1863 -- 1905 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Flag of Venezuela ( 1905 -- 1930 ) </P> </Li> </Ul> <P> After the Guayana campaign , Simón Bolívar added an eighth star to the national flag ( the so - called Flag of Angostura ) in representation of the newly freed province . Bolívar issued the following decree : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Simón Bolívar . Supreme Leader of the Republic and Captain - in - chief of the Armies of Venezuela and Nueva Granada . Since the number of provinces that compose the Republic of Venezuela has increased with the number of stars on that the Venezuelan national flag has one more star as a symbol of the province of Guayana , in this way , from now on there will be eight stars on the flag . Signed by me , and stamped with the country 's official stamp in the government palace in the city of Angostura , November 20 , 1817 . Simón Bolívar . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> 1954 changes ( edit ) </H2> 7 - star Flag of Venezuela , in use 1930 -- 1954 . <P> The Law of the National Flag , Coat of Arms and Anthem added the Coat of Arms to the flag on February 19 , 1954 . The coat of arms was not incorporated into the Civil or Maritime Flag , which is intended for non-governmental purposes , such as civilian use , merchant craft , and international sports competition . </P> <H2> 2006 changes ( edit ) </H2> 7 - star Flag of Venezuela with coat of arms , in use 1954 -- 2006 . Since 2006 it has used by some of the opposition parties . <P> In 2006 the President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez announced plans to add an eighth star to the flag of Venezuela to bring about a much belated fulfillment to Bolívar 's 1817 decree . The eighth star represents the Guayana Province , one of the Provinces of Venezuela at the time of the declaration of independence . The changes also include a white horse galloping left instead of right , a bow and arrow representing Venezuela 's indigenous people and a machete to represent the labor of workers . Although the new flag was approved by the Venezuelan government , opposition spokesperson Óscar Pérez stated that they would not use the new flag . </P> <H2> Customs and regulations ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> As with most other national flags , the Venezuelan flag should be flown every day by the legally registered public institutions from 7 a.m. until 6 p.m. Private institutions , businesses and citizens should fly the flag on national holidays or on days determined by the National Executive . Institutions which should fly the flag by obligation are : </P> <Ul> <Li> The Federal Legislative Palace , when the National Assembly is in session and buildings in which a legislative council is being held , </Li> <Li> Public national , state and municipal offices on national holidays and other days determined by special resolution of the relevant authorities , </Li> <Li> Embassies , legations , consulates and other national agencies abroad , on national holidays or when required by the protocol of the host nation , </Li> <Li> Miraflores Palace , the building of the office of the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , daily , </Li> <Li> Buildings of the Armed Forces , fortresses and other military buildings , as determined by law and pertinent regulations , </Li> <Li> Venezuelan merchant ships , using the civil ensign , since they operate in a civil capacity . </Li> </Ul> <P> There is currently no regulation as to the dimensions of the flag , its use inside private or public institutions or by the public in general , its form and protocol . The conventions that currently exist have been freely determined . Nevertheless , educational institutions currently follow a protocol modeled on the regulations issued for the armed forces for use in raising the flag on special days . </P> <P> Out of respect for the flag , popular culture holds that upon raising the flag , the national anthem should be played and all civilians present should stand still , straight , with closed hands at the sides and without any headgear , while military and police personnel out of formation must salute . </P> <H3> Folding the flag ( edit ) </H3> <P> Although there is no official regulation on the manner in which the flag should be folded , there is , as in other countries , a procedure with widespread acceptance in schools , scout groups and military institutions . Its origins are not known , but there are several possibilities , such as the adoption of the custom from other nations of the region , such as the United States , in which this singular way of folding a flag originated . In the Venezuelan case , there are two ways of folding the flag depending on whether it is a civil or state flag .

The seven stars on the Venezuelan flag represent

What do the seven stars on the venezuelan flag mean?

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supplementary . </Dd> <Dd> If a point P is exterior to a circle with center O , and if the tangent lines from P touch the circle at points T and Q , then ∠ TPQ and ∠ TOQ are supplementary . </Dd> <Dd> The sines of supplementary angles are equal . Their cosines and tangents ( unless undefined ) are equal in magnitude but have opposite signs . </Dd> <Dd> In Euclidean geometry , any sum of two angles in a triangle is supplementary to the third , because the sum of internal angles of a triangle is a straight angle . </Dd> </Dl> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Two angles that sum to a complete angle ( 1 turn , 360 ° , or 2π radians ) are called explementary angles or conjugate angles . <Dl> <Dd> The difference between an angle and a complete angle is termed the explement of the angle or conjugate of an angle . </Dd> </Dl> </Li> </Ul> The complementary angles a and b ( b is the complement of a , and a is the complement of b ) . A reflex angle and its conjugate are explementary angles , and their sum is a complete angle . The angles a and b are supplementary angles . <H3> Polygon related angles ( edit ) </H3> Internal and external angles . <Ul> <Li> An angle that is part of a simple polygon is called an interior angle if it lies on the inside of that simple polygon . A simple concave polygon has at least one interior angle that is a reflex angle . <Dl> <Dd> In Euclidean geometry , the measures of the interior angles of a triangle add up to π radians , 180 ° , or 1 / 2 turn ; the measures of the interior angles of a simple convex quadrilateral add up to 2π radians , 360 ° , or 1 turn . In general , the measures of the interior angles of a simple convex polygon with n sides add up to ( n − 2 ) π radians , or 180 ( n − 2 ) degrees , ( 2n − 4 ) right angles , or ( n / 2 − 1 ) turn . </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> The supplement of an interior angle is called an exterior angle , that is , an interior angle and an exterior angle form a linear pair of angles . There are two exterior angles at each vertex of the polygon , each determined by extending one of the two sides of the polygon that meet at the vertex ; these two angles are vertical angles and hence are equal . An exterior angle measures the amount of rotation one has to make at a vertex to trace out the polygon . If the corresponding interior angle is a reflex angle , the exterior angle should be considered negative . Even in a non-simple polygon it may be possible to define the exterior angle , but one will have to pick an orientation of the plane ( or surface ) to decide the sign of the exterior angle measure . <Dl> <Dd> In Euclidean geometry , the sum of the exterior angles of a simple convex polygon will be one full turn ( 360 ° ) . The exterior angle here could be called a supplementary exterior angle . Exterior angles are commonly used in Logo Turtle Geometry when drawing regular polygons . </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> In a triangle , the bisectors of two exterior angles and the bisector of the other interior angle are concurrent ( meet at a single point ) . </Li> <Li> In a triangle , three intersection points , each of an external angle bisector with the opposite extended side , are collinear . </Li> <Li> In a triangle , three intersection points , two of them between an interior angle bisector and the opposite side , and the third between the other exterior angle bisector and the opposite side extended , are collinear . </Li> <Li> Some authors use the name exterior angle of a simple polygon to simply mean the explement exterior angle ( not supplement ! ) of the interior angle . This conflicts with the above usage . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Plane related angles ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> The angle between two planes ( such as two adjacent faces of a polyhedron ) is called a dihedral angle . It may be defined as the acute angle between two lines normal to the planes . </Li> <Li> The angle between a plane and an intersecting straight line is equal to ninety degrees minus the angle between the intersecting line and the line that goes through the point of intersection and is normal to the plane . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Measuring angles ( edit ) </H2> <P> The size of a geometric angle is usually characterized by the magnitude of the smallest rotation that maps one of the rays into the other . Angles that have the same size are said to be equal or congruent or equal in measure . </P> <P> In some contexts , such as identifying a point on a circle or describing the orientation of an object in two dimensions relative to a reference orientation , angles that differ by an exact multiple of a full turn are effectively equivalent . In other contexts , such as identifying a point on a spiral curve or describing the cumulative rotation of an object in two dimensions relative to a reference orientation , angles that differ by a non-zero multiple of a full turn are not equivalent . </P> The measure of angle θ ( in radians ) is the quotient of s and r . <P> In order to measure an angle θ , a circular arc centered at the vertex of the angle is drawn , e.g. with a pair of compasses . The ratio of the length s of the arc by the radius r of the circle is the measure of the angle in radians . </P> <P> The measure of the angle in another angular unit is then obtained by multiplying its measure in radians by the scaling factor k / 2π , where k is the measure of a complete turn in the chosen unit ( for example 360 for degrees or 400 for gradians ) : </P> <Dl> <Dd> θ = k s 2 π r . ( \ displaystyle \ theta = k ( \ frac ( s ) ( 2 \ pi r ) ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> The value of θ thus defined is independent of the size of the circle : if the length of the radius is changed then the arc length changes in the same proportion , so the ratio s / r is unaltered . ( Proof . The formula above can be rewritten as k = θr / s . One turn , for which θ = n units , corresponds to an arc equal in length to the circle 's circumference , which is 2πr , so s = 2πr . Substituting n for θ and 2πr for s in the formula , results in k = nr / 2πr = n / 2π . ) </P> <H3> Angle addition postulate ( edit ) </H3> <P> The angle addition postulate states that if B is in the interior of angle AOC , then </P> <Dl> <Dd> m ∠ A O C = m ∠ A O B + m ∠ B O C ( \ displaystyle m \ angle AOC = m \ angle AOB + m \ angle BOC ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> The measure of the angle AOC is the sum of the measure of angle AOB and the measure of angle BOC . In this postulate it does not matter in which unit the angle is measured as long as each angle is measured in the same unit . </P> <H3> Units ( edit ) </H3> See also : Angular unit <P> Units used to represent angles are listed below in descending magnitude order . Of these units , the degree and the radian are by far the most commonly used . Angles expressed in radians are dimensionless for the purposes of dimensional analysis . </P> <P> Most units of angular measurement are defined such that one turn ( i.e. one full circle ) is equal to n units , for some whole number n . The two exceptions are the radian and the diameter part . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Turn ( n = 1 ) </Dt> <Dd> The turn , also cycle , full circle , revolution , and rotation , is complete circular movement or measure ( as to return to the same point ) with circle or ellipse . A turn is abbreviated τ , cyc , rev , or rot depending on the application , but in the acronym rpm ( revolutions per minute ) , just r is used . A turn of n units is obtained by setting k = 1 / 2π in the formula above . The equivalence of 1 turn is 360 ° , 2π rad , 400 grad , and 4 right angles . The symbol τ can also be used as a mathematical constant to represent 2π radians . Used in this way ( k = τ / 2π ) allows for radians to be expressed as a fraction of a turn . For example , half a turn is τ / 2 = π . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Quadrant ( n = 4 ) </Dt> <Dd> The quadrant is 1 / 4 of a turn , i.e. a right angle . It is the unit used in Euclid 's Elements. 1 quad. = 90 ° = π / 2 rad = 1 / 4 turn = 100 grad . In German the symbol has been used to denote a quadrant . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Sextant ( n = 6 ) </Dt> <Dd> The sextant ( angle of the equilateral triangle ) is 1 / 6 of a turn . It was the unit used by the Babylonians , and is especially easy to construct with ruler and compasses . The degree , minute of arc and second of arc are sexagesimal subunits of the Babylonian unit . 1 Babylonian unit = 60 ° = π / 3 rad ≈ 1.047197551 rad . </Dd> </Dl> θ = s / r rad = 1 rad . <Dl> <Dt> Radian ( n = 2π = 6.283 ... ) </Dt> <Dd> The radian is the angle subtended by an arc of a circle that has the same length as the circle 's radius . The case of radian for the formula given earlier , a radian of n = 2π units is obtained by setting k = 2π / 2π = 1 . One turn is 2π radians , and one radian is 180 / π degrees , or about 57.2958 degrees . The radian is abbreviated rad , though this symbol is often omitted in mathematical texts , where radians are assumed unless specified otherwise . When radians are used angles are considered as dimensionless . The radian is used in virtually all mathematical work beyond simple practical geometry , due , for example , to the pleasing and `` natural '' properties that the trigonometric functions display when their arguments are in radians . The radian is the ( derived ) unit of angular measurement in the SI system . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Clock position ( n = 12 ) </Dt> <Dd> A clock position is the relative direction of an object described using the analogy of a 12 - hour clock . One imagines a clock face lying either upright or flat in front of oneself , and identifies the twelve hour markings with the directions in which they point . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Hour angle ( n = 24 ) </Dt> <Dd> The astronomical hour angle is 1 / 24 of a turn . As this system is amenable to measuring objects that cycle once

Points on a sphere or angles in a circle are measured in units called

Points on a sphere or angles in a circle are measured in units called?

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Climate of Dubai - wikipedia <H1> Climate of Dubai </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Clouds over Dubai in winter . <P> Dubai has a tropical desert climate , Köppen classification Bwh , because of its location within the Northern desert belt . Summers are extremely hot and humid , with an average high around 41 ° C ( 106 ° F ) and overnight lows around 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ) . Most days are sunny throughout the year . Winters are warm and short with an average high of 23 ° C ( 73 ° F ) and overnight lows of 14 ° C ( 57 ° F ) . Precipitation , however , has been increasing in the last few decades with accumulated rain reaching 150 mm ( 5.91 in ) per year . The weather in Dubai can bring short and irregular rainfall as is typical for the Middle East . Most of the rainfall occurs in the December to March period . The weather between December and March remains warm and is considered to be the most comfortable climatic conditions of the year . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Climate data </Li> <Li> 2 Seasonal climate </Li> <Li> 3 Climatic conditions by month </Li> <Li> 4 Sandstorms </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Climate data ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Climate data for Dubai </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Month </Th> <Th> Jan </Th> <Th> Feb </Th> <Th> Mar </Th> <Th> Apr </Th> <Th> May </Th> <Th> Jun </Th> <Th> Jul </Th> <Th> Aug </Th> <Th> Sep </Th> <Th> Oct </Th> <Th> Nov </Th> <Th> Dec </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record high ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 31.8 ( 89.2 ) </Td> <Td> 37.5 ( 99.5 ) </Td> <Td> 41.3 ( 106.3 ) </Td> <Td> 43.5 ( 110.3 ) </Td> <Td> 47.0 ( 116.6 ) </Td> <Td> 47.9 ( 118.2 ) </Td> <Td> 48.5 ( 119.3 ) </Td> <Td> 47.5 ( 117.5 ) </Td> <Td> 45.1 ( 113.2 ) </Td> <Td> 42.4 ( 108.3 ) </Td> <Td> 38 ( 100 ) </Td> <Td> 33.2 ( 91.8 ) </Td> <Td> 48.5 ( 119.3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average high ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 16.2 ( 61.2 ) </Td> <Td> 16.3 ( 61.3 ) </Td> <Td> 18.6 ( 65.5 ) </Td> <Td> 22.2 ( 72 ) </Td> <Td> 27.0 ( 80.6 ) </Td> <Td> 32.7 ( 90.9 ) </Td> <Td> 35.2 ( 95.4 ) </Td> <Td> 36.4 ( 97.5 ) </Td> <Td> 33.1 ( 91.6 ) </Td> <Td> 24.6 ( 76.3 ) </Td> <Td> 19.7 ( 67.5 ) </Td> <Td> 17.3 ( 63.1 ) </Td> <Td> 25.4 ( 77.7 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 15.3 ( 59.5 ) </Td> <Td> 15.6 ( 60.1 ) </Td> <Td> 17.2 ( 63 ) </Td> <Td> 20.2 ( 68.4 ) </Td> <Td> 25.4 ( 77.7 ) </Td> <Td> 28.6 ( 83.5 ) </Td> <Td> 30.7 ( 87.3 ) </Td> <Td> 30.0 ( 86 ) </Td> <Td> 28.4 ( 83.1 ) </Td> <Td> 22.0 ( 71.6 ) </Td> <Td> 17.4 ( 63.3 ) </Td> <Td> 15 . ( 59 ) </Td> <Td> 22.15 ( 71.88 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average low ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 14.4 ( 57.9 ) </Td> <Td> 15.5 ( 59.9 ) </Td> <Td> 17.7 ( 63.9 ) </Td> <Td> 21.2 ( 70.2 ) </Td> <Td> 24.9 ( 76.8 ) </Td> <Td> 27.5 ( 81.5 ) </Td> <Td> 28.2 ( 82.8 ) </Td> <Td> 28.5 ( 83.3 ) </Td> <Td> 25.7 ( 78.3 ) </Td> <Td> 24.3 ( 75.7 ) </Td> <Td> 20.0 ( 68 ) </Td> <Td> 16.3 ( 61.3 ) </Td> <Td> 22.5 ( 72.5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record low ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 6.1 ( 43 ) </Td> <Td> 6.9 ( 44.4 ) </Td> <Td> 9.0 ( 48.2 ) </Td> <Td> 13.4 ( 56.1 ) </Td> <Td> 15.1 ( 59.2 ) </Td> <Td> 18.2 ( 64.8 ) </Td> <Td> 20.4 ( 68.7 ) </Td> <Td> 23.1 ( 73.6 ) </Td> <Td> 16.5 ( 61.7 ) </Td> <Td> 15.0 ( 59 ) </Td> <Td> 11.8 ( 53.2 ) </Td> <Td> 8.2 ( 46.8 ) </Td> <Td> 6.1 ( 43 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average precipitation mm ( inches ) </Th> <Td> 18.8 ( 0.74 ) </Td> <Td> 25.0 ( 0.984 ) </Td> <Td> 22.1 ( 0.87 ) </Td> <Td> 7.2 ( 0.283 ) </Td> <Td> 0.4 ( 0.016 ) </Td> <Td> 0.0 ( 0 ) </Td> <Td> 0.8 ( 0.031 ) </Td> <Td> 0.0 ( 0 ) </Td> <Td> 0.0 ( 0 ) </Td> <Td> ( 0.043 ) </Td> <Td> 2.7 ( 0.106 ) </Td> <Td> 16.2 ( 0.638 ) </Td> <Td> 94.3 ( 3.711 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average precipitation days </Th> <Td> 5.4 </Td> <Td> 4.7 </Td> <Td> 5.8 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 0.5 </Td> <Td> 0.1 </Td> <Td> 0.2 </Td> <Td> 1.3 </Td> <Td> 3.8 </Td> <Td> 25.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average relative humidity ( % ) </Th> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> 59.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean monthly sunshine hours </Th> <Td> 254.2 </Td> <Td> 229.6 </Td> <Td> 254.2 </Td> <Td> 294.0 </Td> <Td> 344.1 </Td> <Td> 342.0 </Td> <Td> 322.4 </Td> <Td> 316.2 </Td> <Td> 309.0 </Td> <Td> 303.8 </Td> <Td> 285.0 </Td> <Td> 254.2 </Td> <Td> 3,508.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Percent possible sunshine </Th> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 78.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="14"> Source # 1 : Dubai Meteorological Office </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="14"> Source # 2 : climatebase.ru ( extremes , sun ) , NOAA ( humidity , 1974 -- 1991 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> Climate data for Dubai </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Month </Th> <Th> Jan </Th> <Th> Feb </Th> <Th> Mar </Th> <Th> Apr </Th> <Th> May </Th> <Th> Jun </Th> <Th> Jul </Th> <Th> Aug </Th> <Th> Sep </Th> <Th> Oct </Th> <Th> Nov </Th> <Th> Dec </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average sea temperature ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 23.4 ( 74.2 ) </Td> <Td> 21.9 ( 71.4 ) </Td> <Td> 23.2 ( 73.8 ) </Td> <Td> 25.5 ( 77.9 ) </Td> <Td> 28.8 ( 83.8 ) </Td> <Td> 31.6 ( 88.8 ) </Td> <Td> 32.7 ( 90.9 ) </Td> <Td> 33.5 ( 92.3 ) </Td> <Td> 33.1 ( 91.5 ) </Td> <Td> 31.3 ( 88.4 ) </Td> <Td> 28.6 ( 83.4 ) </Td> <Td> 25.4 ( 77.8 ) </Td> <Td> 28.3 ( 76.6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average Ultraviolet index </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 11 + </Td> <Td> 11 + </Td> <Td> 11 + </Td> <Td> 11 + </Td> <Td> 11 + </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 9.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> Source # 1 : seatemperature.org </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> Source # 2 : Weather Atlas </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Seasonal climate ( edit ) </H2> <P> The climate of Dubai is warm and sunny due to its position near the line of the Tropic of Cancer . During the winter season it has an average daytime temperature of 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) . Nighttime temperatures near the coastline range between 12 ° C ( 54 ° F ) - 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) , while in the desert they are 5 ° C ( 41 ° F ) with the nights being relatively cool throughout the year . Near coastal areas humidity averages between 50 % and 60 % . In the summer , the weather in Dubai is very hot , dry and humid , with temperatures reaching 45 ° C ( 113 ° F ) for many days . Even the sea temperature reaches 37 ° C ( 99 ° F ) , with humidity averaging over 90 % . Rainfall in Dubai is infrequent and does not last for a long period . It mostly rains during the winter period between December and March in the form of short downpours and an occasional thunderstorm . On average , rain falls only five days a year . </P> <P> February is the wettest month in Dubai with an average of 35 millimetres ( 1.4 in ) of rain . The weather in Dubai is extremely dry in the month of June with little or no rain . March and December also record some amount of rainfall . The rainfall during January , April , July , October and November are about average while the amount of rain in May , August and September are comparatively lower . </P> <H2> Climatic conditions by month ( edit ) </H2> <P> In January the average maximum daytime temperature in Dubai is 24 ° C ( 75 ° F ) . The average rainfall is 10 mm ( 0.4 inches ) of , with rain generally falling on just two days of the month . While the average sea temperature in January is 22 ° C ( 72 ° F ) . On January 15 , 2008 110 millimetres ( 4.3 in ) of rain was recorded in 24 hours . </P> <P> In February the average maximum daytime temperature in Dubai is 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) . The average rainfall is 35 millimetres ( 1.4 in ) during February . While the average sea temperature is 22 ° C ( 72 ° F ) . </P> <P> In March the average temperature is 28 ° C ( 82 ° F ) , with moderate heat and humidity . The average rainfall is 27 millimetres ( 1.1 in ) during March , with rain generally falling on just four days of the month . While the average sea temperature is 23 ° C ( 73 ° F ) . </P> <P> In April the average daytime temperature is 32 ° C ( 90 ° F ) , with high heat and humidity . The average rainfall is 8 millimetres ( 0.31 in ) with rain generally falling on just two days of the month . The average sea temperature in April is 24 ° C ( 75 ° F ) . </P> <P> In May the average temperature is 38 ° C ( 100 ° F ) , with extreme heat and humidity . The average rainfall is 1 millimetre ( 0.039 in ) during May , with rain generally falling on just one day of the month . The average sea temperature is 28 ° C ( 82 ° F ) . </P> <P> In June the average temperature is 40 ° C ( 104 ° F ) , with extreme heat and humidity . There is very little chance of any rainfall in June . The average sea temperature in June is 31 ° C ( 88 ° F ) . </P> <P> In July the average temperature is extremely high 42 ° C ( 108 ° F ) with extreme heat and humidity . Average sea temperature in the month of July is 32 ° C ( 90 ° F ) . </P> <P> In August the average temperature is 43 ° C ( 109 ° F ) , with extreme heat and humidity . There is very little chance of any rainfall during August . While the average sea temperature in August is 32 ° C ( 90 ° F ) . </P> <P> In September the average temperature

The year-round weather in Dubai is characterized by a

What is the year round weather in dubai?

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John Hart ( actor ) - wikipedia <H1> John Hart ( actor ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the American cinema actor . For other people with the same name , see John Hart ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> John Hart </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> John Hart portrays Nat `` Hawkeye '' Cutler in the syndicated 1957 Western series `` Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1917 - 12 - 13 ) December 13 , 1917 Los Angeles , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> September 20 , 2009 ( 2009 - 09 - 20 ) ( aged 91 ) Playas de Rosarito , Baja California , Mexico </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Complications from dementia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resting place </Th> <Td> Cremated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> John Hilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> South Pasadena High School </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1937 -- 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Beryl Braithwaite ( m . 1957 -- 2009 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> 2 ; including Buddy Hart </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> John Hart ( December 13 , 1917 -- September 20 , 2009 ) , also credited as John Hilton was an American film and television actor . In his early career , Hart appeared mostly in Westerns . Although Hart played mostly minor roles in some fairly well known films , he was probably best known for having replaced Clayton Moore in 1952 in the television series , The Lone Ranger for one season from 1952 until 1953 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Career </Li> <Li> 2 Personal and Death </Li> <Li> 3 Filmography </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hart began his screen career in 1937 with a bit part in Daughter of Shanghai . He continued in a variety of B pictures such as Prison Farm and King of Alcatraz before appearing in two of Cecil B. DeMille 's films The Buccaneer ( 1938 ) and North West Mounted Police ( 1940 ) . In 1941 , Hart 's acting career was interrupted when he was drafted into the United States Army . He rose to the rank of first sergeant in the Coast Artillery and eventually served in the Philippines . Following his military service , Hart worked frequently for Sam Katzman ; he was given the lead role in the Jack Armstrong ( 1947 ) film serial . Hart did stunt work and acted in numerous Westerns </P> <P> Hart was eventually offered the opportunity to replace Clayton Moore on The Lone Ranger television series . Based on the assumption that the masked character , rather than the actor , was the true star of The Lone Ranger , the program 's producers fired Moore ( presumably over salary differences ) and replaced him with Hart , who was of a similar build and had a comparable background in Westerns . However , the public never truly accepted Hart as the Lone Ranger , and by 1954 the producers returned Moore to the role . According to Clayton Moore 's autobiography I Was That Masked Man , Moore never knew why he was replaced by Hart , and also stated that he had not sought a pay increase . Hart acted in minor roles in two episodes of The Lone Ranger before being asked to replace Clayton Moore for the entire third season . The episodes were `` Rifles and Renegades '' ( # 34 ) and `` Sheriff at Gunstock '' ( # 46 ) . </P> <P> Hart continued to act in films for more than two decades , appearing in films of several genres , almost always in supporting roles . Hart appeared twice in on the TV series I Love Lucy as Lucy 's old boyfriend and again in the Hollywood episodes as a lifeguard at the hotel pool . In 1955 , Hart starred in The Adventures of Captain Africa , which was originally intended to be a new movie about famous comic book hero The Phantom . However , licensing issues forced Columbia Pictures re-film the entire serial and re-christen the hero `` Captain Africa . '' Hart also had numerous supporting roles in the Highway Patrol TV series . In 1957 , Hart portrayed Nat `` Hawkeye '' Cutler in the syndicated western series Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans , . The one - season program was based loosely on the novels of James Fenimore Cooper . It was filmed in Canada and featured some Indians in a favorable image . Interviewed by Tom Weaver in `` Western Clippings '' magazine ( May -- June 2000 ) , Hart revealed that he met actress Beryl Braithwaite when she played a role in an episode of the series ; they married just days later , with `` Hawkeye '' co-star Lon Chaney , Jr. , the best man at the wedding . </P> <P> In 1965 Hart made two brief appearances on the TV series Perry Mason , including the role of title character and murder victim Jamison Selff in `` The Case of the Wrathful Wraith . '' In the 1970 film The Phynx , Hart played the Lone Ranger alongside Jay Silverheels as Tonto , spoofing their characters . Hart 's last theatrical film appearance was in 1981 's The Legend of the Lone Ranger in which he appeared as a newspaper editor . He appeared in the television series Happy Days as the Lone Ranger in the episode `` Hi Yo , Fonzie Away '' ( February 9 , 1982 ) . In this episode Fonzie , played by Henry Winkler gets to meet his childhood hero , the Lone Ranger , for his birthday . Hart 's other major late appearance was in an episode of The Greatest American Hero , My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys , where Hart gives the title character an inspiring speech about heroism . </P> <H2> Personal and death ( edit ) </H2> <P> Born in Los Angeles , Hart 's mother was named Enid and he had a sister ; Shari . Hart attended South Pasadena High School and later studied acting at the Pasadena Playhouse . On September 20 , 2009 , Hart died from complications of dementia at his home in Playas de Rosarito , Baja California , Mexico at the age of 91 , survived by his wife Beryl , a son and a daughter . His ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1937 : Daughter of Shanghai </Li> <Li> 1938 : The Buccaneer </Li> <Li> 1938 : King of Alcatraz </Li> <Li> 1938 : Prison Farm </Li> <Li> 1939 : Disbarred </Li> <Li> 1940 : North West Mounted Police </Li> <Li> 1947 : Vacation Days </Li> <Li> 1949 : Batman and Robin </Li> <Li> 1950 : Atom Man vs. Superman </Li> <Li> 1951 : Stagecoach Driver </Li> <Li> 1952 : Kansas Territory </Li> <Li> 1952 : Texas City </Li> <Li> 1953 : The Lone Ranger ( TV series ) </Li> <Li> 1953 : The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd </Li> <Li> 1953 : I Love Lucy ( 3 episodes , 1953 - 55 ) </Li> <Li> 1955 : The Adventures of Captain Africa ( serial ) </Li> <Li> 1956 : The Ten Commandments </Li> <Li> 1957 : Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans ( TV series ) </Li> <Li> 1958 : Leave It to Beaver ( 3 episodes , 1958 - 62 ) </Li> <Li> 1961 : Pete and Gladys as Mervin in `` The Fur Coat Story '' ( CBS - TV ) </Li> <Li> 1962 : The Horizontal Lieutenant </Li> <Li> 1965 : Rawhide ( CBS - TV ) </Li> <Li> 1966 : Django spara per primo </Li> <Li> 1970 : The Phynx </Li> <Li> 1973 : Santee </Li> <Li> 1973 : Blackenstein </Li> <Li> 1974 : Welcome to Arrow Beach </Li> <Li> 1976 : Blood Voyage </Li> <Li> 1976 : The Astral Factor </Li> <Li> 1978 : Cheerleaders Beach Party </Li> <Li> 1981 : The Greatest American Hero ( ABC - TV episode ) </Li> <Li> 1981 : The Legend of the Lone Ranger </Li> <Li> 1982 : Happy Days ( ABC - TV episode ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Biography portal </Li> <Li> Los Angeles portal </Li> <Li> California portal </Li> <Li> Mexico portal </Li> <Li> Film portal </Li> <Li> Television portal </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ John Hart - NNDB </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Giesea , Roberta ( 2000 ) . `` The Lone Ranger Comes to Rosarito '' . Baja California , Mexico : Baja Times . Retrieved September 8 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McLellan , Dennis ( June 12 , 1993 ) . `` After 60 Years , the Lone Ranger Still Lives '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 27 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : McLellan , Dennis ( September 29 , 2009 ) . `` John Hart dies 91 '' . Los Angeles , California : Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 8 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ( photo caption ) '' . Films of the Golden Age ( 81 ) : 53 . Summer 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> John Hart at Find a Grave </Li> <Li> John Hart on IMDb </Li> <Li> Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans Page </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 26622371 </Li> <Li> ISNI : 0000 0000 4326 3960 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Hart_(actor)&oldid=792024519 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1917 births </Li> <Li> 2009 deaths </Li> <Li> Male actors from Los Angeles </Li> <Li> American military personnel of World War II </Li> <Li> American male film actors </Li> <Li> American male television actors </Li> <Li> Western ( genre ) television actors </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Pages to import images to Wikidata </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 July 2017 , at 00 : 13 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

John Hart played the Lone Ranger

When did john hart play the lone ranger?

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</Td> <Td> Miranda , Foa'i , Mancina </Td> <Td> Miranda </Td> <Td> 2 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Where You Are '' ( demo ) </Td> <Td> Miranda , Foa'i , Mancina </Td> <Td> Miranda </Td> <Td> 3 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` You 're Welcome '' ( demo ) </Td> <Td> Miranda , Foa'i , Mancina </Td> <Td> Miranda </Td> <Td> 2 : 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Shiny '' ( demo ) </Td> <Td> Miranda , Foa'i , Mancina </Td> <Td> Miranda </Td> <Td> 3 : 04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Prologue '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 2 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` Village Crazy Lady '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 0 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Cavern '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 2 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Kakamora ( Ocean Creatures ) '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 3 : 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` It 's Called Wayfinding '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 0 : 53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` Maui Leaves '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 2 : 04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` Sails to Te Fiti '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina and Op . Foa'i </Td> <Td> 1 : 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` Maui Battles '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 1 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> `` Sea Monsters '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 0 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 . </Td> <Td> `` Tala Returns '' ( score demo ) </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> Mancina </Td> <Td> 1 : 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 . </Td> <Td> `` How Far I 'll Go '' ( instrumental ) </Td> <Td> Miranda , Foa'i , Mancina </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 : 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 . </Td> <Td> `` You 're Welcome '' ( instrumental ) </Td> <Td> Miranda , Foa'i , Mancina </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 : 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 44 : 04 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian Albums ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austrian Albums ( Ö3 Austria ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgian Albums ( Ultratop Flanders ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgian Albums ( Ultratop Wallonia ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Danish Albums ( Hitlisten ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dutch Albums ( MegaCharts ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> French Albums ( SNEP ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> German Albums ( Offizielle Top 100 ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Irish Albums ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand Albums ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norwegian Albums ( VG - lista ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Polish Albums ( ZPAV ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scottish Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spanish Albums ( PROMUSICAE ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Swiss Albums ( Schweizer Hitparade ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Taiwanese Albums ( Five Music ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Soundtrack Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard 200 </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Soundtrack Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian Albums ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austrian Albums ( Ö3 Austria ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Danish Albums ( Hitlisten ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dutch Albums ( MegaCharts ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 79 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> German Albums ( Offizielle Top 100 ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 78 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand Albums ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Swiss Albums ( Schweizer Hitparade ) Vaiana </Th> <Td> 96 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard 200 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Tracks ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Track title </Th> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th colspan="5"> Peak positions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US </Th> <Th> AUS </Th> <Th> CAN </Th> <Th> NZ </Th> <Th> UK </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` How Far I 'll Go '' </Td> <Td> Auli'i Cravalho </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` How Far I 'll Go '' </Td> <Td> Alessia Cara </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` You 're Welcome '' </Td> <Td> Dwayne Johnson </Td> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` We Know the Way '' </Td> <Td> Opetaia Foa'i & Lin - Manuel Miranda </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Shiny '' </Td> <Td> Jemaine Clement </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` Where You Are '' </Td> <Td> Christopher Jackson , Rachel House , Nicole Scherzinger , Auli'i Cravalho & Louise Bush </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` I Am Moana ( Song of the Ancestors ) '' </Td> <Td> Rachel House & Auli'i Cravalho </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> `` -- '' denotes a recording that did not chart . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 35,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada ( Music Canada ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 50,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mexico ( AMPROFON ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 30,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 7,500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Poland ( ZPAV ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Kingdom ( BPI ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 100,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> 2 × Platinum </Td> <Td> 2,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone sales + streaming figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How Far I 'll Go '' did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart , but peaked at number one on the NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` You 're Welcome '' did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart , but peaked at number three on the NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` We Know the Way '' did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart , but peaked at number two on the NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Shiny '' did not enter the Billboard Hot 100 , but peaked at number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Shiny '' did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart , but peaked at number five on the NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Where You Are '' did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart , but peaked at number six on the NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I Am Moana ( Song of the Ancestors ) '' did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart , but peaked at number eight on the NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hugh McIntyre , `` The ' Moana ' Soundtrack Blasts Into The Top 10 While The Weeknd Is On Top '' , Forbes , December 4 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Caulfield , Keith ( January 9 , 2017 ) . `` The Weeknd Returns to No. 1 on Billboard 200 , ' Moana ' Soundtrack Zooms to No. 2 '' . Billboard . Retrieved January 10 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Golden Globe Nominations : Complete List '' , Variety , December 12 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 2016 Academy Awards Nominee Ballot '' ( PDF ) . January 24 , 2017 . Retrieved January 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Melinda Newman , `` Lin - Manuel Miranda , Mark Mancina & Opetaia Foa'i on Creating Disney 's ' Moana ' Music as ' Hamilton ' Exploded '' , Billboard , November 23 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Tim Greiving , `` In ' Moana , ' New Voices Both Uphold And Challenge The Disney Tradition '' , NPR , November 20 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Quinn , Dave ( February 24 , 2017 ) . `` How Lin - Manuel Miranda 's Oscar - Nominated Moana Track Evolved into Disney 's Most Unique Ballad '' . People . New York : Time Inc . Retrieved February 27 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Disney 's Moana Soundtrack , Featuring Music by Lin - Manuel Miranda , Out Today '' , broadwayworld.com , November 18 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Warner , Kara ( December 20 , 2016 ) . `` How Lin - Manuel Miranda Pays Tribute to David Bowie with Moana Song `` Shiny '' `` . People . Retrieved December 27 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jessica Goodman , `` Alessia Cara debuts new Moana song written by Lin - Manuel Miranda '' , Entertainment Weekly , October 28 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ashley Lee , `` ' Moana ' : Alessia Cara Sings Lin - Manuel Miranda 's Anthem ' How Far I 'll Go ' in New Music Video '' , Billboard , November 3 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Alessia Cara chart , Billboard . Accessed December 12 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ El Broide , `` Lira Lends Her Voice To Disney 's Moana Soundtrack '' ,

The song "You're Welcome" in the Moana credits is sung by

Who sings you're welcome in moana credits?

-1239615596735775879

Guy Boucher - wikipedia <H1> Guy Boucher </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the host of the TV show Les coqueluches , see Guy Boucher ( actor ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Guy Boucher </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1971 - 08 - 03 ) August 3 , 1971 ( age 46 ) Notre - Dame - du - Lac , Quebec , Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Td> Head coach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Td> Ottawa Senators </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Previous team ( s ) </Th> <Td> SC Bern Tampa Bay Lightning Hamilton Bulldogs Drummondville Voltigeurs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years as a coach </Th> <Td> 1997 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years as an NHL coach </Th> <Td> 2010 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Guy Boucher ( born August 3 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach . Boucher is the current head coach of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was the head coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning from 2010 -- 2013 and SC Bern from 2014 -- 15 . He previously coached in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League . He has coached various Canadian international teams . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Playing years </Li> <Li> 2 Coaching years </Li> <Li> 3 International </Li> <Li> 4 NHL coaching record </Li> <Li> 5 Personal life </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Playing years ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before his coaching years , Boucher played right wing with the McGill Redmen between 1991 and 1995 . He graduated with an arts degree ( history and environmental biology ) in 1995 and an engineering degree ( agricultural engineering ) in 1996 . He also holds a Masters in sports psychology at the University of Montreal . In 1995 -- 96 , Boucher played in France for Viry - Essonne where he scored 16 goals and 38 points in 27 games . </P> <H2> Coaching years ( edit ) </H2> <P> Boucher began his coaching career as assistant coach with the McGill Redmen under head coach Martin Raymond in 1996 -- 97 , then moved on to serve as an assistant coach with the Rouyn - Noranda Huskies of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League ( 1997 -- 2000 ) and then with the Rimouski Océanic from 2003 to 2006 with whom he won the Jean - Rougeau trophy ( regular season champions ) and President 's Cup . He also participated in the Memorial Cup tournament . In between , he coached the Lac - Saint - Louis Lions of the AAA Midget Hockey League . He returned to the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League as the Drummondville Voltigeurs head coach in 2006 . In the 2008 -- 09 , he guided the team to their best season in history , with a total of 54 wins and 112 points , capturing the President 's Cup on his way to the Memorial Cup tournament once again . He won the Paul - Dumont Trophy , awarded to QMJHL 's personality of the year . </P> <P> On June 29 , 2009 , he was named head coach of the Montreal Canadiens 's affiliate Hamilton Bulldogs in the AHL becoming the eighth head coach in Bulldogs franchise history . He led the team to an impressive 52 -- 17 -- 11 record for 115 points despite having many of his best players being called up by the Montreal Canadiens . At the end of the season , he won the Louis A.R. Pieri Memorial Award as coach of the year . </P> <P> In 2010 , Boucher was offered the vacant head coaching position for the Columbus Blue Jackets , but turned it down to accept the head coaching position with the Tampa Bay Lightning , signing a four - year contract . He developed a `` 1 - 3 - 1 '' defensive system at Tampa that led to a famous incident against the Philadelphia Flyers where the Flyers held back the puck in their defensive zone , refusing to advance , while the Lightning team waited and did not attack the puck carrier , leading to several minutes of no action . In his rookie year as an NHL head coach , Boucher led the Tampa Bay Lightning to game seven of the Eastern Conference Final . On March 24 , 2013 , the team 's general manager Steve Yzerman fired Boucher following a 5 -- 3 loss against the Ottawa Senators . At the time , Tampa Bay was in 14th place in the Eastern Conference . </P> <P> On January 27 , 2014 , the Swiss ice hockey club SC Bern announced the signing of Guy Boucher as their head coach . Boucher guided the team to the title in the 2014 -- 15 Swiss Cup competition . On November 18 , 2015 , Boucher was fired by SC Bern following a four - game losing streak and a ninth - place finish in the NLA . </P> <P> On May 8 , 2016 , Boucher was hired as the head coach of the Ottawa Senators . With his hire , Boucher is the first person to coach both franchises from the 1992 expansion class . In his first season , the club advanced to the Eastern Conference Final , losing in double overtime in game seven . </P> <H2> International ( edit ) </H2> <P> Boucher worked as an assistant coach for Canada men 's national U-18 ice hockey team in 2006 , 2007 and 2008 . In 2008 , they won the gold medal at the U-18 world championships . In 2009 , he served as an assistant coach with Canada men 's national U-20 ice hockey team , which won its fifth consecutive gold medal at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships . In 2014 and 2015 , he coached Team Canada at the Spengler Cup , guiding the team to the title in 2015 . </P> <H2> NHL coaching record ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Year </Th> <Th colspan="6"> Regular season </Th> <Th colspan="4"> Postseason </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> OTL </Th> <Th> Pts </Th> <Th> Finish </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Win % </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TB </Th> <Th> 2010 -- 11 </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 103 </Td> <Td> 2nd in Southeast </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> . 611 </Td> <Td> Lost in Conference Finals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TB </Th> <Th> 2011 -- 12 </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 3rd in Southeast </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Missed playoffs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TB </Th> <Th> 2012 -- 13 </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( 40 ) </Td> <Td> ( fired ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> TB Total </Th> <Th> 196 </Th> <Th> 97 </Th> <Th> 79 </Th> <Th> 20 </Th> <Th> -- </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 11 </Th> <Th> 7 </Th> <Th> . 611 </Th> <Th> 1 playoff appearance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OTT </Th> <Th> 2016 -- 17 </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 2nd in Atlantic </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> . 579 </Td> <Td> Lost in Conference Finals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OTT </Th> <Th> 2017 -- 18 </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> 7th in Atlantic </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Missed playoffs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> OTT total </Th> <Th> 164 </Th> <Th> 72 </Th> <Th> 71 </Th> <Th> 21 </Th> <Th> -- </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 11 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> . 579 </Th> <Th> 1 playoff appearance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Total </Th> <Th> 360 </Th> <Th> 169 </Th> <Th> 150 </Th> <Th> 41 </Th> <Th> -- </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 22 </Th> <Th> 15 </Th> <Th> . 595 </Th> <Th> 2 playoff appearances </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Guy Boucher is married to Marsha and has three children Vincent , Mila and Naomi . </P> <P> Boucher has a prominent scar on his right cheek . When asked how he received it , Boucher said `` it is not hockey - related . I did not tell anybody back home , so it is like this little enigma . My kids do not even know . '' Guy Boucher 's scar is often compared to the `` Le Chiffre '' character 's scar in Casino Royale and Boucher is sometimes referred to as a `` James Bond villain '' . He was spoofed as such on - air by Jay Onrait of the Canadian TSN sports television channel . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Canadiens hire Boucher as Bulldogs ' head coach </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.montrealgazette.com/sports/Bulldogs+Boucher+named+coach+year/2774265/story.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://blog.dispatch.com/cbj/2010/06/boucher_says_no.shtml </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , Ken . `` Stifling defensive systems tricky to address '' . The Hockey News . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tampa Bay Lightning Fire Coach Guy Boucher '' . AP . Retrieved March 24 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Guy Boucher neuer Head Coach '' . Retrieved January 28 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.swisshockeynews.ch/index.php/switzerland/nla-new/4914-sc-bern-fires-guy-boucher-lars-leuenberger-new-head-coach </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Guy Boucher to coach Senators in second NHL stint '' . ESPN . May 8 , 2016 . Retrieved May 9 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Guy Boucher nach dem Triumph am Spengler Cup : `` Die Kanadier sind die Nummer Eins der Welt , das hat sich hier gezeigt '' `` . watson.ch . Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Warren , Ken ( May 13 , 2016 ) . `` Guy Boucher brings creative mindset to Senators : And do n't call him boring '' . Ottawa Sun . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Q&A : Scar on face of Tampa Bay Lightning coach Guy Boucher remains an enigma '' . St. Petersburg Times . March 25 , 2011 . Archived from the original on Feb 16 , 2017 . Retrieved May 1 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Despite Looking Like The Villain In Every Action Movie , Guy Boucher Insists He 's A Hockey Coach '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` NHL Teams as Bands '' . lastframepictures.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jay Onrait Top 10 : James Bond and Guy Boucher voice impersonation '' . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Biographical information and career statistics from Eliteprospects.com , or The Internet Hockey Database </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Sporting positions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by Rick Tocchet </Td> <Td> Head coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning 2010 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by Jon Cooper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by Dave Cameron </Td> <Td> Head coach of the Ottawa Senators 2016 -- present </Td> <Td> Succeeded by Incumbent </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Head coaches of the National Hockey League </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pacific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Randy Carlyle ( Anaheim ) </Li> <Li> Rick Tocchet ( Arizona ) </Li> <Li> Bill Peters ( Calgary ) </Li> <Li> Todd McLellan ( Edmonton ) </Li> <Li> John Stevens ( Los Angeles ) </Li> <Li> Peter DeBoer ( San Jose ) </Li> <Li> Travis Green ( Vancouver ) </Li> <Li> Gerard Gallant ( Vegas ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Central </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Joel Quenneville ( Chicago

The coach for the Ottawa Senators is

Who is the coach for the ottawa senators?

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History of Sussex - wikipedia <H1> History of Sussex </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the historic county see Sussex or its modern replacement the counties of East Sussex and West Sussex . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sussex </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Flag of Sussex </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ancient extent of Sussex </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1831 </Th> <Td> 907,920 acres ( 3,674 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1901 </Th> <Td> 932,409 acres ( 3,773 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1831 </Th> <Td> 272,340 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1901 </Th> <Td> 602,255 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1831 </Th> <Td> 0.3 per acre ( 74 / km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1901 </Th> <Td> 0.6 per acre ( 150 / km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Kingdom of Sussex </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created </Th> <Td> In antiquity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succeeded by </Th> <Td> East Sussex and West Sussex </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Status </Th> <Td> Ceremonial county ( until 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chapman code </Th> <Td> SSX </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> HQ </Th> <Td> Chichester or Lewes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Motto </Th> <Td> We wunt be druv </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sussex / ˈsʌsɪks / , from the Old English ' Sūþsēaxe ' ( ' South Saxons ' ) , is a historic county in the south east of England . The foundation of the Kingdom of Sussex is recorded by the Anglo - Saxon Chronicle for the year AD 477 , saying that Ælle arrived at a place called Cymenshore in three ships with his three sons and killed or put to flight the local inhabitants . </P> <P> The foundation story is regarded as somewhat of a myth by most historians , although the archaeology suggests that Saxons did start to settle in the area in the late 5th century . The Kingdom of Sussex became the county of Sussex ; then after the coming of Christianity ; the see founded in Selsey , was moved to Chichester in the 11th century . The See of Chichester was coterminous with the county borders . In the 12th century the see was split into two archdeaconries centred at Chichester and Lewes . </P> <P> Since its creation in the fifth century , Sussex has been subject to periodic reform of its local governance . After the Reform Act of 1832 Sussex was divided into the eastern division and the western division , these divisions were coterminous with the two archdeaconries of Chichester and Lewes. : ) In 1889 , following the Local Government Act 1888 , using those same boundaries , Sussex was divided into two administrative counties , East Sussex and West Sussex together with three self - governing county boroughs , Brighton , Eastbourne and Hastings . In 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , the county boundaries were revised with the mid-Sussex area of East Grinstead , Haywards Heath , Burgess Hill and Hassocks being transferred from East Sussex into West Sussex along with Crawley and the Gatwick area that was formerly part of Surrey . The county boroughs were returned to the control of the two county councils but in 1997 the towns of Brighton and Hove were amalgamated as a unitary local authority and in 2000 , Brighton and Hove was given City status . Although it is administered as the two ceremonial counties of East and West Sussex , there continue to be a range of organisations that operate throughout the ancient borders of Sussex such as the Diocese of Chichester , Sussex Police , the Sussex Archaeological Society the Sussex History Society and the Sussex Wildlife Trust . </P> <P> In 2007 , Sussex Day was created to celebrate Sussex 's rich culture and history . Based on the traditional emblem of Sussex , a blue shield with six gold martlets , the flag of Sussex was recognised by the Flag Institute in 2011 . In 2013 , Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Eric Pickles formally recognised and acknowledged the continued existence of England 's 39 historic counties , including Sussex . </P> <P> Although the name Sussex is derived from the Saxon period between AD 477 to 1066 , the history of human habitation in Sussex goes back to the Old Stone ( Paleolithic ) Age . Sussex has been occupied since those times and although it has been an industrious county it has succumbed to various persecutions , wars , invasions , political unrest and migrations throughout its long history . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Prehistoric Sussex <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Stone Age </Li> <Li> 1.2 Bronze Age </Li> <Li> 1.3 Iron Age </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Roman Sussex </Li> <Li> 3 Saxon Sussex </Li> <Li> 4 Norman Sussex </Li> <Li> 5 Sussex under the Plantagenets </Li> <Li> 6 Early modern Sussex </Li> <Li> 7 Late modern and contemporary Sussex </Li> <Li> 8 Jurisdiction </Li> <Li> 9 Borough English in Sussex </Li> <Li> 10 Religion </Li> <Li> 11 Parliamentary history </Li> <Li> 12 Rebellions , riots and unrest </Li> <Li> 13 Wars </Li> <Li> 14 Industries in Sussex <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Agriculture </Li> <Li> 14.2 Iron working </Li> <Li> 14.3 Glass making </Li> <Li> 14.4 Forestry </Li> <Li> 14.5 Wool </Li> <Li> 14.6 Clay working ( pottery , tiles , bricks ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 15 Communications <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Roads </Li> <Li> 15.2 Canals and navigations </Li> <Li> 15.3 Railways </Li> <Li> 15.4 Ports </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 See also </Li> <Li> 17 Notes </Li> <Li> 18 References </Li> <Li> 19 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Prehistoric Sussex ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Stone Age ( edit ) </H3> Reconstruction of Homo heidelbergensis <P> In 1993 a human - like tibia was found at Boxgrove near Chichester . Then in 1996 further hominid remains were found : two incisor teeth from a single individual recovered from the lower freshwater deposits at the site . The remains came to be known as `` Boxgrove man '' and are thought to be a species known as Homo heidelbergensis . Boxgrove man apparently lived in a temperate stage immediately prior to the Anglian glaciation , in the Lower Paleolithic period between 524,000 and 478,000 years ago . </P> <P> In 1900 Upper Palaeolithic flintwork was found at a site in the Beedings . Then in 2007 -- 08 Early Upper Palaeolithic archaeology was found at the same site . The archaeology at the Beedings spans a crucial cultural transition in the European Palaeolithic and therefore provides an important new dataset for the analysis of late Neanderthal groups in northern Europe and their replacement by modern human populations . </P> <P> It is believed that during the Mesolithic Age nomadic hunters arrived in Sussex from Europe . At the time ( 8000 BC ) , Britain was still connected to the continent , however the ice sheets over northern Europe were melting rapidly and causing the gradual rising of sea levels , which eventually led to the forming of the Straits of Dover , effectively cutting off the Mesolithic people of Sussex from the continent . There have been archaeological finds from these people , mostly in the central wealden area to the north of the Downs . Large amounts of knives , scrapers , arrow heads and other tools have been found . </P> Neolithic flint arrowheads found near Selsey <P> Close to the River Ouse near Sharpsbridge , a polished axe , polished axe fragments , a chisel and other examples of Neolithic flintwork have been found . The fact that these implements were found close to the River Ouse suggests that some land clearance may have taken place in the river valley during the Neolithic period . </P> <P> From about 4300 BC to about 3400 BC the mining of flint for use locally and also for wider trade was a major activity in Neolithic Sussex . There was also a Neolithic pottery industry , with styles of pot reminiscent of finds elsewhere , such as Hembury and Grimston / Lyle Hill . </P> <H3> Bronze Age ( edit ) </H3> <P> The transition from the late neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in Sussex is marked by the appearance of Beaker pottery . There have been several finds including some in Beaker settlements , a significant settlement was one discovered near Beachy Head , in 1909 . The site was partially excavated in 1970 and the finds included pottery , flints , post settings , shallow pits and a midden . The presence of Beaker pottery provides the first evidence of the migration of people from northern Europe since the early Neolithic period . Although some pre-historians now doubt the existence of the Beaker people as migrants and suggest that it was possible that the Beaker culture may have just been a new development of the local neolithic people . </P> <P> From the Bronze Age ( about 1400 - 1100BC ) settlements and burial sites have left their mark throughout Sussex . </P> <H3> Iron Age ( edit ) </H3> <P> There are over fifty Iron Age sites that are known throughout the Sussex Downs . Probably the best known are the hill - forts such as Cissbury Ring . A small number of agricultural settlements , or farmsteads , have been excavated on a large scale . The results of these excavations have provided a picture of the economy , based on mixed farming . Artefacts such as iron ploughshares and sickles were excavated . The presence of animal bones , particularly cattle and sheep , attests to the pastoral element to their economy . Various items have been found that indicate that they used to spin and weave the wool they produced . The Sussex Iron Age dweller supplemented their diet with marine shellfish , the remains of which have been found on several sites . </P> <P> Towards the end of the Iron Age in 75BC , people from the Atrebates one of the tribes of the Belgae , a mix of Celtic and German stock , started invading and occupying southern Britain . This was followed by an invasion by the Roman army under Julius Caesar that temporarily occupied the south - east in 55BC . Then soon after the first Roman invasion had ended , the Celtic Regnenses tribe under , their leader Commius occupied the Manhood Peninsula . Tincomarus and then Cogidubnus followed Commius as rulers of the Regnenses . At the time of the Roman conquest in AD 43 there was an oppidum in the southern part of their territory , probably in the Selsey region . </P> <H2> Roman Sussex ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Roman Britain Chichester inscription , with Cogidubnus name <P> After the Roman invasion Cogidubnus was placed or confirmed by the Romans as ruler of the Regnenses and he took the name Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus and claimed to be ' ' rex magnus Britanniae ' ' . His name is mentioned on two exceptionally early Roman inscriptions in his capital of Noviomagus Reginorum ( Chichester ) . </P> <P> There are a variety of remains in the county from Roman times , coin hoards and decorated pottery have been found . </P> <P> There are examples of Roman roads such as : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chichester to Silchester Way </Li> <Li> Chichester to London Stane Street </Li> </Ul> <P> Also a variety of buildings , the best known being : </P> <Ul> <Li> Bignor Roman Villa </Li> <Li> Fishbourne Roman Palace </Li> <Li> Anderitum ( Pevensey Castle ) </Li> </Ul> <P> The coast of Roman Britain had a series of defensive forts on them , and towards the end of the

Sussex split into East and West in

When did sussex split into east and west?

-3149747311750202105

</P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In a world of anthropomorphic animals , koala Buster Moon owns a theater , having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child . Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith , he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000 . But Buster 's assistant , Miss Crawly , accidentally appends two extra zeroes , and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster 's office into the city streets . </P> <P> Animals from all around the city gather for auditions . Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita ; street musician mouse Mike ; mobster 's son gorilla Johnny ; and punk - rock porcupine Ash . Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright , while Ash 's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest . Rosita is paired with another contestant , an exuberant pig named Gunter , for a dance routine . Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 ( money he does not have ) , he remains optimistic . Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie 's grandmother , former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman , to persuade her to sponsor the prize money . She is hesitant to contribute but agrees to see a private screening of the show . </P> <P> Encouraged by her grandfather , Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance , but becomes his stage hand instead . When one of the acts quits , and another is injured , Meena is added as an act . The performers ' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals : Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter , after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray . After discovering Lance with a new girlfriend and evicting them from her apartment , Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song , Carly Rae Jepsen 's `` Call Me Maybe . '' Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices . When he tries to do both , he does not show up for the planned pickup in time , and his father and his gang are arrested . Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright , and Mike , certain that the prize money is as good as his , buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse , and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub . </P> <P> The day of the screening , the bears interrupt the show , demanding the money from Mike , who in turn , points to Buster . The bears open the chest containing the prize money , but it is nowhere near $100,000 . The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight , flooding the theater , which then comes crashing down . With the lot repossessed by Judith , Buster , who had been living in his theater 's office desk , takes up residence at Eddie 's place ( his parents ' pool house ) . Although the contestants ( besides Mike , who saw Buster as a fraud ) visit him and try to cheer him up , Buster is too despondent to listen to them . He tries to start over by opening a car wash , using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster 's theater . </P> <P> When Meena goes to the theater 's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen 's `` Hallelujah , '' Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money . They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena 's family members . As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift 's `` Shake It Off , '' more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news . Johnny 's rendition of Elton John 's `` I 'm Still Standing '' impresses his father , who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him . Despite an interruption by Judith , Ash sings her original rock song `` Set It All Free . '' Mike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra 's `` My Way . '' Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder 's `` Do n't You Worry ' bout a Thing , '' which literally brings down the house . The show becomes a success and impresses Nana , who was in the audience . Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened . </P> <H2> Voice cast ( edit ) </H2> Matthew McConaughey , Reese Witherspoon , Scarlett Johansson , Tori Kelly , Taron Egerton , and Nick Kroll at the film 's premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival . <Ul> <Li> Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon , an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition . </Li> <Li> Reese Witherspoon as Rosita , a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman , and mother to their 25 piglets . </Li> <Li> Seth MacFarlane as Mike , an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice . </Li> <Li> Scarlett Johansson as Ash , a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative - rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance . </Li> <Li> John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman , a sheep and Buster 's friend who doubts the future of the theater . </Li> <Li> Tori Kelly as Meena , a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright . </Li> <Li> Taron Egerton as Johnny , a teenage gorilla who wants to sing , though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps . </Li> <Li> Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman , a sheep and Eddie 's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days . <Ul> <Li> Jennifer Hudson as Young Nana </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly , an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster 's administrative assistant . </Li> <Li> Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy , a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business . </Li> <Li> Nick Kroll as Gunter , a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show . </Li> <Li> Beck Bennett as Lance , a porcupine and Ash 's boyfriend . </Li> <Li> Jay Pharoah as Meena 's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright . </Li> <Li> Nick Offerman as Norman , a pig and Rosita 's husband . </Li> <Li> Leslie Jones as Meena 's mother </Li> <Li> Rhea Perlman as Judith , a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay . </Li> <Li> Laraine Newman as Meena 's grandmother </Li> <Li> Adam Buxton as Stan , a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy 's gang . </Li> <Li> Brad Morris as Baboon , whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances . </Li> <Li> Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog , who documents Buster 's singing competition . </Li> </Ul> <P> The voices of Rosita 's piglet children were provided by Oscar , Leo , Caspar , and Asa Jennings , the children of Garth Jennings , the film 's writer and director . Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide `` additional voices '' , continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other 's films . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> In January 2014 , it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment , about `` courage , competition and carrying a tune , '' which was originally titled Lunch , and then retitled as Sing . </P> <P> On January 14 , 2015 , Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film 's lead voice role . Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film . On June 17 , 2015 , it was confirmed that McConaughey 's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie , a sheep and Buster 's best friend . In November 2015 , it was announced that Reese Witherspoon , Seth MacFarlane , Scarlett Johansson , Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film . </P> <P> The film features 65 pop songs , the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film 's $75 million budget . The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Sing : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack <P> A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21 , 2016 . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The almost complete film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11 , 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival . Universal Studios released the film on December 21 , 2016 . </P> <H3> Home Media ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sing was released on Blu - ray , Blu - ray 3D , Ultra HD Blu - ray and DVD on March 21 , 2017 . It includes three short films : Gunter Babysits , Love at First Sight , and Eddie 's Life Coach . </P> <Ul> <Li> In Gunter Babysits , Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman 's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter . </Li> <Li> In Love at First Sight , Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman . </Li> <Li> In Eddie 's Life Coach , Eddie 's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry `` The Winner '' Wishman . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada , and $363.8 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $634.1 million , against a production budget of $75 million . Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million , when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film , making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016 . </P> <P> In North America , the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin 's Creed , and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release . The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews . It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend ( a six - day total of $75.5 million ) , finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One : A Star Wars Story , which was in its second week . Sing holds the record for being the highest - grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office , besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ( $241.4 million in 2002 ) . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 73 % based on 168 reviews , and an average rating of 6.5 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Sing delivers colorfully animated , cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm - hearted -- albeit familiar -- storyline that lives up to

The voice of the gorilla in the movie Sing is provided by

Who does the voice of the gorilla in the movie sing?

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Suite : Judy Blue Eyes - wikipedia <H1> Suite : Judy Blue Eyes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Crosby , Stills & Nash </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Crosby , Stills & Nash </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Long Time Gone '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> September 1969 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' 45 RPM </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Folk rock , soft rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 7 : 28 ( album version ) 4 : 35 ( single edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Atlantic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Stephen Stills </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> David Crosby Graham Nash Stephen Stills </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Crosby , Stills & Nash singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Marrakesh Express '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Woodstock '' ( 1970 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Marrakesh Express '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Woodstock '' ( 1970 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' is a suite of short songs written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby , Stills & Nash ( CSN ) . It appeared on the group 's self - titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single , hitting # 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart . In Canada , `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' peaked at number 11 . The song is a suite in the classical sense , i.e. an ordered set of musical pieces . </P> <P> The song is ranked # 418 on Rolling Stone ′ s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background and composition </Li> <Li> 2 Live performances </Li> <Li> 3 Sections <Ul> <Li> 3.1 First section </Li> <Li> 3.2 Second section </Li> <Li> 3.3 Third section </Li> <Li> 3.4 Final section </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Personnel </Li> <Li> 5 Charts </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background and composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The title `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' ( a play on words for `` Sweet Judy Blue Eyes '' ) refers to Stephen Stills ' former girlfriend , singer / songwriter Judy Collins , and the lyrics to most of the suite 's sections consist of his thoughts about her and their imminent breakup . Collins is known for her piercing blue eyes . During a July 15 , 2007 interview for the National Public Radio program Just Roll Tape , Stills revealed that Collins was present in the studio when the demo tapes were recorded . Collins had advised Stills `` not to stay ( at the studio ) all night . '' Stills later commented that `` the breakup was imminent ... we were both too large for one house . '' Stills said that he liked parts of this demo version of `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' better than the released version . </P> <P> Collins and Stills had met in 1967 and dated for two years . In 1969 , she was appearing in the New York Shakespeare Festival musical production of Peer Gynt and had fallen in love with her co-star Stacy Keach , eventually leaving Stills for him . Stills was devastated by the possible breakup and wrote the song as a response to his sadness . In a 2000 interview , Collins gave her impressions of when she first heard the song : </P> <P> `` ( Stephen ) came to where I was singing one night on the West Coast and brought his guitar to the hotel and he sang me `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes , '' the whole song . And of course it has lines in it that referred to my therapy . And so he wove that all together in this magnificent creation . So the legacy of our relationship is certainly in that song . '' </P> <P> The recording features an acoustic guitar tuned to EEEEBE ( `` Bruce Palmer Modal Tuning '' ) vs. the standard EADGBE tuning . This style of tuning would later be used for the Déjà Vu songs `` 4 + 20 '' and `` Carry On '' . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> The final section of the song is included on the CSNY live album 4 Way Street . It fades in on the opening of side one of the album . CSN also performed `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' at the Woodstock and Live Aid festivals , and their performance at the former is featured in the film Woodstock ( 1970 ) . </P> <H2> Sections ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' has four distinct sections . The timings below are for the full album version . The shortened version released as a single cut the second and fourth verses from the first section , cut the third and fourth verses from the second section , cut the final verse and preceding break from the third section , and shortened the guitar break between the second and the third sections . The final section is the only part that stayed fully intact on the single . </P> <H3> First section ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first section is a traditional pop song with four verses , featuring a chorus of `` I am yours , you are mine , you are what you are . '' Running at approximately 2 : 56 , the lead vocal is performed by Stills , with Crosby and Nash providing harmonies . </P> <H3> Second section ( edit ) </H3> <P> The second section is performed in half time relative to the first section , and features four verses of three - part harmony from the band , with Stills performing a brief vocal solo between the second and third . This section runs from 2 : 56 to 4 : 43 . </P> <H3> Third section ( edit ) </H3> <P> The third section is more upbeat and features poetic lyrics ( `` chestnut brown canary , ruby - throated sparrow '' ) , lasting from 4 : 43 to 6 : 25 . Each of the three phrases is initially sung by Stills , with Nash then joining , and finally Crosby rounding out the harmonies . Connecting the phrases are instrumental breaks performed by Stills on acoustic guitar . </P> <H3> Final section ( edit ) </H3> <P> The final section ( the coda ) is sung in Spanish , starting at 6 : 34 until the song concludes . The `` doo - doo - doo - da - doo '' backing vocals are the best known segment of `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' , with Stills singing Spanish lyrics in the background . Stills has said that he intentionally made the final stanzas unexpected and difficult , even using a foreign language for the lyrics , `` just to make sure nobody would understand it '' ( not even Spanish speaking people ) . The Spanish lyrics are as follows : `` Que linda me recuerdo a Cuba . La reina de la Mar Caribe . Quiero solo visitarme ayí . Y que triste que no puedo vaya . '' </P> <P> </P> <P> </P> <P> The final section has been parodied many times , notably in Frank Zappa 's compositions `` Billy the Mountain '' and `` Magdalena '' on The Mothers of Invention 's album Just Another Band From L.A. Most recently , `` Weird Al '' Yankovic performs a takeoff of it ( `` Mission Statement '' ) on his 2014 album Mandatory Fun , only instead of Spanish , the lyrics are corporate buzzwords strung together in such a way as to be ultimately nonsensical . It is also sampled in the 2010 Cypress Hill song `` Armada Latina '' . </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> David Crosby -- harmony vocals </Li> <Li> Stephen Stills -- lead vocals , acoustic guitar , bass , keyboards , percussion </Li> <Li> Graham Nash -- harmony vocals </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1970 -- 71 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada 100 ( RPM ) </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Hot 100 ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Cash Box Top 100 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` RPM Top Singles Chart '' ( PDF ) . RPM . RPM archives . Ottawa : Library and Archives Canada . November 29 , 1969 . Retrieved March 31 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rolling Stone 12 / 09 / 2004 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Classic Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young : Selections from Déjà Vu and Crosby Stills & Nash ( Authentic Guitar - Tab Edition ) © 1993 Warner Bros. Music </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Classic Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young : Selections from Déjà Vu and Crosby Stills & Nash ( Authentic Guitar - Tab Edition ) © 1993 Warner Bros. Music </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Alternate Guitar Tuning '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=236445 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cavallo , Dominick . A Fiction of the Past : The Sixties in American History . St. Martin 's Press ( 1999 ) , p. 172 . ISBN 0 - 312 - 21930 - X . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dutchcharts.nl -- Crosby , Stills & Nash -- Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' ( in Dutch ) . Single Top 100 . Retrieved September 3 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Crosby , Stills & Nash Chart History '' . Billboard . Retrieved March 31 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles , November 29 , 1969 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> David Crosby </Li> <Li> Stephen Stills </Li> <Li> Graham Nash </Li> <Li> Neil Young </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Crosby , Stills & Nash </Li> <Li> Déjà Vu </Li> <Li> CSN </Li> <Li> Daylight Again </Li> <Li> American Dream </Li> <Li> Live It Up </Li> <Li> After the Storm </Li> <Li> Looking Forward </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 4 Way Street </Li> <Li> Allies </Li> <Li> Déjà Vu Live </Li> <Li> CSN 2012 </Li> <Li> CSNY 1974 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> So Far </Li> <Li> Replay </Li> <Li> CSN </Li> <Li> Carry On </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits </Li> <Li> Demos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Suite : Judy Blue Eyes '' </Li> <Li> `` Marrakesh Express '' </Li> <Li> `` Guinnevere '' </Li> <Li> `` Wooden Ships '' </Li> <Li> `` Lady of the Island '' </Li> <Li> `` Helplessly Hoping '' </Li> <Li> `` Woodstock '' </Li> <Li> `` Helpless '' </Li> <Li> `` Teach Your Children '' </Li> <Li> `` Almost Cut My Hair '' </Li> <Li> `` Our House '' </Li> <Li> `` Ohio '' </Li> <Li> `` Just a

The song "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" was written about

Who was suite judy blue eyes written about?

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A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) - wikipedia <H1> A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> A Wrinkle in Time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Ava DuVernay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jim Whitaker </Li> <Li> Catherine Hand </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jennifer Lee </Li> <Li> Jeff Stockwell </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oprah Winfrey </Li> <Li> Reese Witherspoon </Li> <Li> Mindy Kaling </Li> <Li> Gugu Mbatha - Raw </Li> <Li> Michael Peña </Li> <Li> Storm Reid </Li> <Li> Zach Galifianakis </Li> <Li> Chris Pine </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Ramin Djawadi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Tobias A. Schliessler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Spencer Averick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney Pictures </Li> <Li> Whitaker Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> February 26 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 26 ) ( El Capitan Theatre ) </Li> <Li> March 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 09 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 109 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $100 -- 130 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $124.4 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell , based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle . The film stars Oprah Winfrey , Reese Witherspoon , Mindy Kaling , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Michael Peña , Storm Reid , Zach Galifianakis and Chris Pine , and follows a young girl who , with the help of three astral travelers , sets off on a quest to find her father , who went missing after discovering a new planet . </P> <P> Principal photography began on November 2 , 2016 , in Los Angeles , California . With a production budget of over $100 million , the film became the first live - action film with a nine - digit budget to be directed by a woman of color . A Wrinkle in Time premired at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26 , 2018 , and with a theatrical release on March 9 , 2018 , through the Disney Digital 3 - D , Real D 3D , and IMAX formats . The film received mixed reviews , with critics `` taking issue with the film 's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes '' while `` celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity '' , and has grossed $124 million worldwide against a break - even point of $400 million , thus being a box office bomb . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Thirteen - year - old Meg Murry struggles to adjust to school and home life ever since her father Alex , a well - renowned scientist , mysteriously disappeared while he was studying astrophysics . Both Meg and her mother Kate believe he solved the question of humanity 's existence and theorize he was teleported to another world . </P> <P> During the night , Meg 's younger brother Charles Wallace welcomes a stranger in a large white dress named Mrs. Whatsit into the Murry family house . She mentions the tesseract , a type of space - travel Alex was working on , is real , and leaves soon after . The next day , one of Meg 's classmates , Calvin O'Keefe , joins them to go to the house of Mrs. Who , another strange woman who only speaks in quotes and seems to know Charles Wallace . </P> <P> When Calvin joins Meg and Charles Wallace in their backyard , Mrs. Whatsit appears with Mrs. Who and another woman , Mrs. Which , who is the oldest and appears as a giant . The three reveal themselves as astral travelers , and lead Meg , Calvin , and Charles Wallace through a tesseract taking them to a distant planet named Uriel . </P> <P> Mrs. Whatsit transforms into a beautiful green creature , and takes the children up into the atmosphere , where they see a dark shadow known as The IT . Mrs. Which tells Meg her father 's experiments resulted in his being captured by The IT , a malevolent entity plotting to take over the universe . Gaining the women 's trust , Meg and the others tesser to another planet where a seer known as the Happy Medium resides . </P> <P> The Happy Medium shows them Meg 's father is trapped on a planet called Camazotz , The IT 's homeworld . Mrs. Which also explains The IT represents all of the greed , anger , pride , selfishness , and low self - esteem in the world . Showing them examples of these characteristics , Meg learns that while Calvin is popular at school , he is neglected and bullied by his father and her school enemy Veronica Kiley is extremely self - conscious . The three Mrs. propose they travel back to Earth to regroup , but Meg 's refusal messes with the tesseract , and they travel to Camazotz instead . </P> <P> Upon arriving on Camazotz , Mrs. Which , Mrs. Whatsit , and Mrs. Who are unable to stay because Camazotz 's evil is stronger than their light . Before they depart , they bestow gifts upon Meg ; these include Mrs. Who 's glasses , the knowledge of Meg 's faults , and the command to never separate . </P> <P> The trio treks through Camazotz 's hazardous traps before reaching a crowded beach where they meet the IT 's bodyguard , Red . He offers the starving children food and tells them Alex is safe and happy . He reveals to them there is nothing to worry about here , but Calvin and Meg realize something is wrong when Charles Wallace proclaims all of the food tastes like sand . When Red starts repeating the times tables , Charles Wallace is hypnotized by the rhythm , allowing the IT to take full control of his mind . </P> <P> When Meg and Calvin pursue Charles Wallace , they find themselves in a seemingly empty room . Using Mrs. Who 's glasses , Meg finds an invisible staircase leading to the room where her father is being kept prisoner . After bringing him out of captivity , the IT 's power allows Charles Wallace to forcefully drag them to finally meet his master . As Calvin and Meg fall under the IT 's power , Alex opens another tesser and prepares to leave with the children , abandoning Charles Wallace . Meg refuses and projects out of the tesser herself , leaving her alone . When she confronts Charles Wallace in corruption , she realizes the IT uses deception and hatred for power . Using her love for her brother and the knowledge she is imperfect , Meg frees Charles Wallace from the control of the IT and releases the control of Camazotz from the evil entity . The three Mrs. return and tell Meg her time is here to tesser for herself . </P> <P> Returning home , Meg thanks the women for their help and for rescuing her father and they part ways , while Veronica becomes nice to her . The film ends with the Murry family celebrating a joyful reunion and Calvin going home to confront his father . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Oprah Winfrey as Mrs. Which </Li> <Li> Reese Witherspoon as Mrs. Whatsit </Li> <Li> Mindy Kaling as Mrs. Who </Li> <Li> Storm Reid as Meg Murry , a gifted young girl </Li> <Li> Levi Miller as Calvin O'Keefe , Meg 's classmate and friend </Li> <Li> Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace Murry , Meg 's prodigious adoptive 6 - year - old brother </Li> <Li> Chris Pine as Dr. Alexander Murry , Meg and Charles Wallace 's long - lost father </Li> <Li> Zach Galifianakis as The Happy Medium </Li> <Li> Michael Peña as Red <Ul> <Li> David Oyelowo as the IT , Red 's true diabolical form </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Gugu Mbatha - Raw as Dr. Kate Murry , Meg and Charles Wallace 's mother </Li> <Li> André Holland as Principal James Jenkins </Li> <Li> Rowan Blanchard as Veronica Kiley </Li> <Li> Bellamy Young as Camazotz Woman </Li> <Li> Conrad Roberts as Elegant Man </Li> <Li> Yvette Cason as a teacher </Li> <Li> Will McCormack as another teacher </Li> <Li> Daniel MacPherson as Calvin 's Father </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> DuVernay became the first black woman to direct a live - action film with a budget of over $100 million . <P> In October 2010 , it was announced that Walt Disney Pictures had retained the film rights for the 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time , by Madeleine L'Engle , which had previously been made as a 2003 television film . Following the financial success of Tim Burton 's Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) , Disney announced that they had hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios . Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films . The project 's budget was slated to be $35 million , which the company compared to District 9 and Bridge to Terabithia , both of which were made for less than $30 million . On August 5 , 2014 , Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter , taking over from Stockwell , who wrote the first draft . On February 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Ava DuVernay had been offered the job of directing the film , and she was confirmed to direct later that same month . She became the first woman of color to direct a live - action film with a production budget over $100 million . </P> <P> On July 26 , 2016 , Variety reported that Oprah Winfrey had began final negotiations to join the film , to play Mrs. Which , the eldest of the three Mrs. Ws , celestial beings who help guide the children along their journey . On September 7 , 2016 , Reese Witherspoon and Mindy Kaling were reported as being in talks to join the film , with Witherspoon to play Mrs. Whatsit , who presents as a chatty , grandmotherly hobo , and Kaling set for the quotation - reciting Mrs. Who . On September 13 , 2016 , Storm Reid was cast in the lead role of Meg Murry , a young girl traumatized by the disappearance of her scientist father years before . In October 2016 , Gugu Mbatha - Raw and Chris Pine were cast as the parents of Meg , Dr. Kate Murry and Dr. Alex Murry , respectively . On November 1 , 2016 , more cast were announced , including Zach Galifianakis as the Happy Medium , André Holland as Principal Jenkins , Levi

Filming for "A Wrinkle in Time" began on

When did a wrinkle in time start filming?

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The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Mark Herman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> David Heyman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Mark Herman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Vera Farmiga </Li> <Li> David Thewlis </Li> <Li> Rupert Friend </Li> <Li> David Hayman </Li> <Li> Asa Butterfield </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> James Horner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Benoît Delhomme </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Michael Ellis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> BBC Films </Li> <Li> Heyday Films </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Miramax Films </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 12 September 2008 ( 2008 - 09 - 12 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 94 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United Kingdom </Li> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $12.5 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $44.1 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas ( released as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States ) is a 2008 drama film set in World War II , based on the novel of the same name by John Boyne . Directed by Mark Herman , produced by BBC Films and Heyday Films , and distributed by Miramax and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the film stars Vera Farmiga , David Thewlis , Asa Butterfield , and Jack Scanlon . It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom . </P> <P> The Holocaust drama explores the horror of a World War II Nazi extermination camp through the eyes of two 8 - year - old boys ; Bruno ( Butterfield ) , the son of the camp 's Nazi commandant , and Shmuel ( Jack Scanlon ) , a Jewish inmate . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 3.2 Historical accuracy </Li> <Li> 3.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film opens with the quote , `` Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights , before the dark hour of reason grows , '' by John Betjeman . A young boy named Bruno lives with his family in Berlin , in Nazi Germany during the period of the Holocaust . He learns that his father Ralf has been promoted , due to which their family , including Bruno 's mother Elsa and sister Gretel , relocate to the countryside . Bruno hates his new home as there is no one to play with and very little to explore . After commenting that he has spotted people working on what he thinks is a farm in the distance , he is also forbidden from playing in the back garden . </P> <P> Bruno and Gretel get a private tutor , Herr Liszt , who pushes an agenda of antisemitism and nationalist propaganda . As a result , Gretel becomes extremely fanatical in her support for the Third Reich , to the point of covering her bedroom wall with Nazi propaganda posters and portraits of Adolf Hitler . Bruno is confused as the Jews he has seen , in particular the family 's Jewish servant Pavel , do not resemble the caricatures in Liszt 's teachings . </P> <P> One day , Bruno disobeys his parents and sneaks off into the woods , eventually arriving at an electric barbed wire fence surrounding a camp . He befriends a boy his own age named Shmuel . The pair 's lack of knowledge on the true nature of the camp is revealed : Bruno thinks that the striped uniforms that Shmuel , Pavel , and the other prisoners wear are pyjamas and Shmuel believes his grandparents died from an illness during their journey to the camp . Bruno starts meeting Shmuel regularly , sneaking him food and playing board games with him . He eventually learns that Shmuel is a Jew and was brought to the camp with his father and mother . </P> Prisoner 's clothing from Sachsenhausen concentration camp <P> One day , Elsa discovers the reality of Ralf 's assignment after Lieutenant Kurt Kotler lets slip that the black smoke coming from the camp 's chimneys is due to the burning corpses of Jews . She confronts Ralf , disgusted and heartbroken . At dinner that night , Kotler admits that his father had left his family and moved to Switzerland . Upon hearing this , Ralf tells Kotler that he should have informed the authorities of his father 's disagreement with the current political regime as it was his duty . The embarrassed Kotler then becomes infuriated with Pavel for accidentally spilling a glass of wine and violently beats him , presumably to the point of killing him . The next morning the maid , Maria , is seen scrubbing the blood stains . </P> <P> Later that day , Bruno sees Shmuel working in his home . Shmuel is there to clean wine glasses because they needed someone with small hands to do it . Bruno offers him some cake and willingly Shmuel accepts it . Unfortunately , Kotler happens to walk into the room where Bruno and Shmuel are socialising . Kotler is furious and yells at Shmuel for talking to Bruno . In the midst of his scolding , Kotler notices Shmuel chewing the food Bruno gave him . When Kotler asks Shmuel where he got the food , he says Bruno offered the cake , but Bruno , fearful of Kotler , denies this . Believing Bruno , Kotler tells Shmuel that they will have a `` little chat '' later . Distraught , Bruno goes to apologise to Shmuel , but finds him gone . Every day , Bruno returns to the same spot by the camp but does not see Shmuel . Eventually , Shmuel reappears behind the fence , sporting a black eye . Bruno apologises and Shmuel forgives him , renewing the friendship . </P> <P> After the funeral of his mother , who was killed in Berlin by an enemy bombing , Ralf tells Bruno and Gretel that their mother suggests that they go to live with a relative because it is not safe there . Their mother suggests this because she does not want her children living with their murderous father . Shmuel has problems of his own ; his father has gone missing after those with whom he participated in a march did not return to the camp . Bruno decides to redeem himself by helping Shmuel find his father . The next day , Bruno , who is due to leave that afternoon , dons a striped prisoners ' outfit and a cap to cover his unshaven hair , and digs under the fence to join Shmuel in the search . Bruno soon discovers the true nature of the camp after seeing the many sick and weak - looking Jews , much to his shock . While searching , the boys are taken on a march with other inmates by Sonderkommandos . </P> <P> At the house , Gretel and Elsa discover Bruno 's disappearance . After they discover the open window he went through , Elsa bursts into Ralf 's meeting to alert him that Bruno is missing . Ralf and his men mount a search . Led by a dog tracking Bruno 's scent they find his discarded clothing outside the fence . Elsa and Gretel are following along behind . They enter the camp , looking for him ; Bruno , Shmuel and the other inmates are stopped inside a changing room and are told to remove their clothes for a `` shower '' . They are packed into a gas chamber , where Bruno and Shmuel hold each other 's hands . A Schutzstaffel soldier pours some Zyklon B pellets inside , and the prisoners start panicking , yelling and banging on the metal door . When Ralf realises that a gassing is taking place , he cries out his son 's name , and Elsa and Gretel fall to their knees in despair and mourn Bruno . The film ends by showing the closed door of the now - silent gas chamber , indicating that all prisoners , including Bruno and Shmuel , are dead . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Asa Butterfield as Bruno </Li> <Li> Jack Scanlon as Shmuel , a young Jew sent to a camp </Li> <Li> Vera Farmiga as Elsa , Bruno 's mother </Li> <Li> David Thewlis as Ralf , Bruno 's father </Li> <Li> Amber Beattie as Gretel , Bruno 's older sister </Li> <Li> Rupert Friend as Lieutenant Kurt Kotler </Li> <Li> David Hayman as Pavel </Li> <Li> Sheila Hancock as Natalie , Bruno 's grandmother </Li> <Li> Richard Johnson as Matthias , Bruno 's grandfather </Li> <Li> Cara Horgan as Maria </Li> <Li> Jim Norton as Herr Liszt </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas has a 63 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 135 reviews , with an average rating of 6.2 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` A touching and haunting family film that deals with the Holocaust in an arresting and unusual manner , and packs a brutal final punch of a twist . '' On Metacritic , the film has a normalized score of 55 out of 100 , based on 28 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . </P> <P> James Christopher , of The Times , referred to the film as `` a hugely affecting film . Important , too . '' Manohla Dargis , of The New York Times said the film `` trivialized , glossed over , kitsched up , commercially exploited and hijacked ( the Holocaust ) for a tragedy about a Nazi family . '' </P> <H3> Historical accuracy ( edit ) </H3> <P> Some critics have criticised the premise of the book and subsequent film . Reviewing the original book , Rabbi Benjamin Blech wrote : `` Note to the reader : There were no 9 - year - old Jewish boys in Auschwitz -- the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work . '' Rabbi Blech affirmed the opinion of a Holocaust survivor friend that the book is `` not just a lie and not just a fairytale , but a profanation . '' Blech acknowledges the objection that a `` fable '' need not be factually accurate ; he counters that the book trivialises the conditions in and around the death camps and perpetuates the `` myth that those not directly involved can claim innocence , '' and thus undermines its moral authority . Students who read it , he warns , may believe the camps `` were n't that bad '' if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age , unaware of `` the constant presence of death . '' </P> <P> Kathryn Hughes , whilst agreeing about the implausibility of the plot , argues that `` Bruno 's innocence comes to stand for the wilful refusal of all adult Germans to see what was going on under their

The role of Shmuel in the movie "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" was played by

Who played shmuel in the boy in the striped pyjamas?

-3320993703958028468

Emergency response Guidebook - wikipedia <H1> Emergency response Guidebook </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Emergency Response Guidebook <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2016 ERG </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> United States Department of Transportation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subject </Th> <Td> Hazardous Materials </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published </Th> <Td> Every four years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 04 / 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> http://phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Emergency Response Guidebook : A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods / Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident ( ERG ) is used by emergency response personnel ( such as firefighters , Paramedics and police officers ) in Canada , Mexico , and the United States when responding to a transportation emergency involving hazardous materials . First responders in Argentina , Brazil , and Colombia have recently begun using the ERG as well . It is produced by the United States Department of Transportation , Transport Canada , and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation ( Mexico ) . The principal authors of the ERG are Transport Canada 's Michel Cloutier and U.S. DOT 's George Cushmac . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Guidebook Contents </Li> <Li> 2 White Section ( front ) </Li> <Li> 3 Yellow Section </Li> <Li> 4 Blue Section </Li> <Li> 5 Orange Section </Li> <Li> 6 Green Section </Li> <Li> 7 White Section ( back ) </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Guidebook contents ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ERG is primarily applicable for hazardous materials transported by highway and railway , but also is applicable for materials transported by air or waterway , as well as by pipeline . It was first issued by the US Department of Transportation in 1973 , but later became a joint publication of the Department of Transportation ( US DOT ) , Transport Canada ( TC ) , and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation ( SCT ) of Mexico , with collaboration with the Chemistry Information Center for Emergencies ( CIQUIME ) of Argentina . The ERG is issued every 4 years , with editions now being published in Spanish ( Guía de Respuesta en Caso de Emergencia ) . In 1996 it was published as the North American Emergency Response Guidebook , but by the next publication in 2000 `` North American '' was removed due to its use by several South American countries ) . The ERG `` is primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material ( s ) involved in the incident , and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident '' and should only be used for the `` initial response phase '' ( `` that period following arrival at the scene of an incident during which the presence and / or identification of dangerous goods is confirmed , protective actions and area securement are initiated , and assistance of qualified personnel is requested . '' ) of an incident . It is divided into six color - coded sections ( white ( uncolored ) , yellow , blue , orange , green , and a second white ( uncolored ) ) . The ERG includes 62 `` Guides '' ( found in the Orange Section ) that identify the primary hazards associated with the applicable general category of hazardous material and general guidance on how to respond to incidents involving that general category of hazardous material . The primary purpose of ERG is to direct the emergency responders to the most appropriate of these guides , based on the incident . The ERG also provides guidance regarding recommended evacuation distances , if applicable , in the Green Section . </P> <H2> White section ( front ) ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first section , with white page ( uncolored ) borders , provides the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> Information regarding shipping documents </Li> <Li> Instructions on how to use the guidebook </Li> <Li> General guidance for responding to any hazardous material incident </Li> <Li> Basic information on the hazard classification system and the associated placards / labels </Li> <Li> Recommendations the proper guides based transporting vehicle types and / or placards ( when the material in question can not be further identified otherwise ) </Li> <Li> General safety precautions </Li> <Li> Specific guidance for incidents involving pipelines </Li> </Ul> <H2> Yellow section ( edit ) </H2> <P> The second section , with yellow page borders , references the material in order of its assigned 4 - digit ID number / UN / NA number ( which is often placarded with the other hazardous materials placards ) and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section ) . Items highlighted in green in this section will have evacuation distances included in the Green Section . </P> <H2> Blue section ( edit ) </H2> <P> The third section , with blue page borders , references the material in alphabetical order of its name and identifies the appropriate guide number to reference in the Orange Section ) . Items highlighted in green in this section will also have evacuation distances included in the Green Section . </P> <H2> Orange section ( edit ) </H2> <P> The fourth section , with orange page borders , includes the actual response guides . Each of the 62 guides provides safety recommendations and directions on how to proceed during the initial response phase ( first thirty minutes ) of the incident . It includes `` health '' and `` fire or explosion '' potential hazard information ( with the more dangerous hazard listed first ) . For example , `` the material gives off irritating vapors , easily ignited by heat , reactive with water '' ; `` highly toxic , may be fatal if inhaled , swallowed or absorbed through skin '' ; etc . </P> <P> Next this section includes information for responders on appropriate protective clothing and possible evacuation information for either spill or fire is given . It also includes information on fighting fires ( example , do not apply water to sodium ) , warnings for spills or leaks , and special directions for first aid ( example , not to give mouth - to - mouth resuscitation if the materials are toxic ) . </P> <P> In the event of an unknown material , Guide # 111 should be followed until more information becomes available . </P> <H2> Green section ( edit ) </H2> <P> The fifth section , with green page borders , suggests initial evacuation or shelter in place distances ( protective action distances ) for spills of materials that are Toxic - by - Inhalation ( TIH ) . These distances vary based on the size of the spill ( small or large ) and whether the incident occurs during the day or at night . Only materials that were highlighted in green in the Yellow and Blue Sections are included in the Green Section . This section also includes information regarding toxic gases that are produced when certain materials are spilled in water ( as identified previously in this section ) . Finally , this section includes some very specific evacuation details for six common materials . </P> <H2> White section ( back ) ( edit ) </H2> <P> The sixth section , with white page ( uncolored ) borders , provides the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> Additional instructions on how to use the guidebook </Li> <Li> Information regarding protective clothing and equipment </Li> <Li> Instructions on fire and spill control </Li> <Li> BLEVE ( boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion ) safety precautions </Li> <Li> Beginning with the 2004 edition , information specifically for hazardous materials being used for terrorism </Li> <Li> Glossary of terms used in the ERG </Li> <Li> Contact information for the various countries </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Emergency management </Li> <Li> Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2016.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf 2012 Emergency Response Guide , page 356 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Downloadable version of book : 2016 Emergency Response Guidebook 4.9 MB PDF file </Li> <Li> Online version of 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook Information </Li> <Li> Press release announcing 2016 edition ERG release </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Dangerous goods portal </Li> <Li> United States portal </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emergency_Response_Guidebook&oldid=776546214 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1973 books </Li> <Li> 1996 books </Li> <Li> 2000 books </Li> <Li> 2004 books </Li> <Li> 2008 books </Li> <Li> 2012 books </Li> <Li> Handbooks and manuals </Li> <Li> Firefighting </Li> <Li> Emergency management </Li> <Li> Firefighting in the United States </Li> <Li> Hazardous materials </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from April 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Pages to import images to Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 April 2017 , at 17 : 41 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The color pages in the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) that list compounds by name are

What color pages in the emergency response guidebook (erg) list compounds by name?