Datasets:

hazyresearch

/

based_nq_2048

like 0

5121486836561174344

Romancing the Stone - wikipedia <H1> Romancing the Stone </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the song by Eddy Grant of the same name , see Going for Broke ( album ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Romancing the Stone </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Robert Zemeckis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Michael Douglas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Diane Thomas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Michael Douglas </Li> <Li> Kathleen Turner </Li> <Li> Danny DeVito </Li> <Li> Alfonso Arau </Li> <Li> Manuel Ojeda </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Alan Silvestri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Dean Cundey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Donn Cambern Frank Morriss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> 20th Century Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> March 30 , 1984 ( 1984 - 03 - 30 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 106 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $10 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $86.5 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American action - adventure romantic comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Diane Thomas . The film stars Michael Douglas , Kathleen Turner , and Danny DeVito , and was followed by a 1985 sequel titled The Jewel of the Nile . </P> <P> Romancing the Stone earned over $86 million worldwide in box office receipts . It also helped launch Turner to stardom , reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man , started Zemeckis ' frequent collaboration with Alan Silvestri , and gave Zemeckis his first box - office success . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.2 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Critical reaction </Li> <Li> 5.2 Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 In other media <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Books </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Sequels </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 8.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 8.3 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Joan Wilder is a successful but lonely romance novelist in New York City whose editor believes she is waiting to meet a romantic hero like the ones she writes about . Joan gets a call from her sister Elaine , who has been kidnapped by antiquities smugglers , cousins Ira and Ralph . As Joan leaves her apartment to meet her editor , Gloria , she is handed a letter containing a map , sent to her by her late brother - in - law , Eduardo . Returning to her apartment , she finds it ransacked and the apartment supervisor dead . Joan then receives a frantic phone call from Elaine ( held at knife - point by Ira ) , who instructs Joan to go to Colombia with the map she received ; it is Elaine 's ransom . </P> <P> Flying to Colombia , Joan is detoured from the rendezvous point by Colonel Zolo , the man who killed Elaine 's husband , Eduardo . He tricks her into boarding the wrong bus , heading deep into the interior of the country instead of to the coastal city of Cartagena , where Elaine is being held . When Joan distracts the bus driver by asking where they are going , the bus crashes into a Jeep , wrecking both vehicles . As the rest of the passengers walk away , Joan is menaced by Zolo but is saved by the Jeep 's owner , American exotic bird smuggler Jack T. Colton . For getting her out of the jungle and to a telephone , Joan promises to pay Jack $375 in traveler 's cheques . </P> <P> Jack and Joan travel the jungle while eluding the military police and Zolo , who wants the treasure map . After spending a night hiding in a marijuana smuggler 's crashed C - 47 aircraft , they encounter a drug lord named Juan , who is a big fan of Joan 's novels and helps them escape from Zolo . </P> <P> After a night of dancing and passion in a nearby town , Jack suggests to Joan that they find the treasure themselves before handing over the map . They follow the clues and locate an enormous emerald called El Corazón ( `` The Heart '' ) . Unbeknownst to Jack and Joan , they used Ralph 's car for the last leg of their journey while Ralph was sleeping in the back . Ralph takes the emerald from them at gunpoint . When Zolo appears , Jack steals the jewel back , but Jack and Joan are chased into a river and go over a waterfall . They end up on opposite sides of the raging river ; Joan has the map , but Jack has the emerald . Jack directs Joan to Cartagena , promising that he will meet her there . </P> <P> In Cartagena , Joan meets with Ira and Ralph , who are still holding Elaine , but the exchange is interrupted by Zolo and his men , who have also captured Jack . Jack surrenders the emerald to Zolo , but a crocodile bites off Zolo 's hand and swallows it along with the emerald . As a gun battle takes place between Zolo 's soldiers and Ira 's gang , Joan and Elaine dash for safety , pursued by Zolo . Jack tries to stop the crocodile from escaping but lets it go when he sees that Joan is in danger . Zolo charges at Joan , who eventually dodges his wild knife slashes , knocking Zolo into the crocodile pit . Ira and his men escape , but Ralph is left behind as the authorities arrive . After a kiss , Jack dives into the water after the crocodile , leaving Joan behind with her sister . </P> <P> Some time later , Joan is back in New York City , delivering a new manuscript based on her adventure to Gloria , who is moved to tears by the story and tells Joan she has another best - seller on her hands . Returning home , she finds Jack waiting for her in a sailboat named the Angelina , after the heroine of Joan 's novels , and wearing boots made from the crocodile 's skin . He explains the crocodile died from ingesting the emerald and he had sold it , using the money to buy the boat of his dreams . They go off together , planning to sail around the world . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Michael Douglas as Jack Colton </Li> <Li> Kathleen Turner as Joan Wilder </Li> <Li> Danny DeVito as Ralph </Li> <Li> Zack Norman as Ira </Li> <Li> Alfonso Arau as Juan </Li> <Li> Manuel Ojeda as Colonel Zolo </Li> <Li> Holland Taylor as Gloria </Li> <Li> Mary Ellen Trainor as Elaine Wilder </Li> <Li> Eve Smith as Mrs. Irwin </Li> <Li> Joe Nesnow as Super </Li> <Li> José Chávez as Santos </Li> <Li> Evita Muñoz `` Chachita '' as Hefty Woman </Li> <Li> Camillo García as Bus Driver </Li> <Li> Rodrigo Puebla as Bad Hombre </Li> <Li> Paco Morayta as Hotel Clerk </Li> <Li> Kymberly Herrin as Angelina </Li> <Li> Bill Burton as Jesse Gerrard </Li> <Li> Ted White as Grogan </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sylvester Stallone was originally considered for the role of Jack T. Colton . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Filming locations for Romancing the Stone included Veracruz , Mexico ( Fort of San Juan de Ulúa ) ; and Huasca de Ocampo , Mexico . Parts of the film were also shot in Snow Canyon , Utah . The scene where Turner and Douglas get separated on opposite banks on a whitewater river , about two - thirds into the movie , was filmed on the Rio Antigua near the town of Jalcomulco , Veracruz . </P> <P> Turner later said of the film 's production , `` I remember terrible arguments ( with Robert Zemeckis ) doing Romancing . He 's a film - school grad , fascinated by cameras and effects . I never felt that he knew what I was having to do to adjust my acting to some of his damn cameras -- sometimes he puts you in ridiculous postures . I 'd say , ' This is not helping me ! This is not the way I like to work , thank you ! ' '' Despite their difficulties on the film , Zemeckis would go on to work with Turner again , casting her as the voice of Jessica Rabbit in 1988 's Who Framed Roger Rabbit . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Upon the release of Romancing the Stone , comparisons to Raiders of the Lost Ark were inevitable ; Time magazine called the film `` a distaff Raiders rip - off '' . The screenplay for Romancing had actually been written five years earlier by a Malibu waitress named Diane Thomas in what would end up being her only screenplay . She died in a car crash shortly after the film 's release . </P> <P> Studio insiders expected Romancing the Stone to flop ( to the point that , after viewing a rough cut of the film , the producers of the then under development Cocoon fired Zemeckis as director of that film ) , but the film became a surprise hit . It became 20th Century Fox 's `` only big hit '' of 1984 . Zemeckis later stated that the success of Romancing the Stone allowed him to make Back to the Future , which was an even larger success . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical reaction ( edit ) </H3> <P> Romancing the Stone was well received by critics and is considered by some as among the best films of 1984 . It holds an 88 % approval rating with a 7.3 / 10 average on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes , based on 43 reviews . </P> <H3> Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> Award wins : </P> <Ul> <Li> Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy </Li> <Li> Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy -- Kathleen Turner </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress -- Kathleen Turner </Li> <Li> Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing -- ADR </Li> <Li> Stuntman Award for Most Spectacular Stunt -- Vince Deadrick Jr. , Terry Leonard </Li> </Ul> <P> Award nominations : </P> <Ul> <Li> Academy Award for Best Film Editing -- Donn Cambern , Frank Morriss </Li> <Li> American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film -- Donn Cambern , Frank Morriss </Li> <Li> Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay -- Diane Thomas </Li> </Ul> <H2> In other media ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Books ( edit ) </H3> <P> The novelization of Romancing the Stone was credited to Joan Wilder though it ( and a novelization of the sequel movie , The Jewel of the Nile ) was actually written by Catherine Lanigan . </P> <H2> Sequels ( edit ) </H2> <P> The success of Romancing the Stone also led to a sequel that was equally successful commercially , 1985 's The Jewel of the Nile , without Zemeckis at the helm but with Douglas , Turner and DeVito all returning . Another sequel , called The Crimson Eagle , never made it past the development stage .

The movie Romancing the Stone starred

Who starred in the movie romancing the stone?

8742072206222088785

Union Budget of India - Wikipedia <H1> Union Budget of India </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The Union Budget of India , also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in the Article 112 of the Constitution of India , is the annual budget of the Republic of India . The Government presents it on the first day of February so that it could be materialized before the commencement of new financial year in April . Till 2016 it was presented on the last working day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament . The budget , which is presented by means of the Finance bill and the Appropriation bill has to be passed by both the Houses before it can come into effect from April 1 , the start of India 's financial year . </P> <P> An Interim Budget is not the same as a ' Vote on Account ' . While a ' Vote on Account ' deals only with the expenditure side of the government 's budget , an Interim Budget is a complete set of accounts , including both expenditure and receipts . An Interim Budget gives the complete financial statement , very similar to a full Budget . While the law does not debar the Union government from introducing tax changes , normally during an election year , successive governments have avoided making any major changes in income tax laws during an Interim Budget . </P> <P> As of September 2017 , Morarji Desai has presented 10 budgets which is the highest followed by P Chidambaram 's 9 and Pranab Mukherjee 's 8 . Yashwant Sinha , Yashwantrao Chavan and C.D. Deshmukh have presented 7 budgets each while Manmohan Singh and T.T. Krishnamachari have presented 6 budgets . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chronology <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Pre-liberalisation </Li> <Li> 1.2 Post-liberalisation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Traditions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Time of Budget announcement </Li> <Li> 2.2 Date of Budget announcement </Li> <Li> 2.3 Halwa Ceremony </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Chronology ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Pre-liberalisation ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first Union budget of independent India was presented by R.K. Shanmukham Chetty on November 26 , 1947 . </P> <P> The Union budgets for the fiscal years 1959 - 61 to 1963 - 64 , inclusive of the interim budget for 1962 - 63 , were presented by Morarji Desai. On February 29 in 1964 and 1968 , he became the only finance minister to present the Union budget on his birthday . Desai presented budgets that included five annual budgets and an interim budget during his first stint and three final budgets and one interim budget in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of India . </P> <P> After Desai 's resignation , Indira Gandhi , the then Prime Minister of India , took over the Ministry of Finance to become the only woman to hold the post of the Finance Minister . </P> <P> Pranab Mukherjee , the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio , presented the annual budgets for the financial years 1982 - 83 , 1983 -- 84 and 1984 - 85 . </P> <P> Rajiv Gandhi presented the budget for 1987 - 89 , after V.P. Singh quit his government , and in the process became the third Prime Minister to present a budget after his mother and grandfather . </P> <P> N.D. Tiwari presented the budget for 1988 - 89 , S.B. Chavan for 1989 - 90 , while Madhu Dandawate presented the Union budget for 1990 - 91 . </P> <P> Dr. Manmohan Singh became the Finance Minister and presented the interim budget for 1991 - 92 as elections were forced . </P> <P> Due to political developments , early elections were held in May 1991 following which the Indian National Congress returned to political power and Manmohan Singh , the Finance Minister , presented the budget for 1991 - 92 . </P> <H3> Post-liberalisation ( edit ) </H3> <P> Manmohan Singh under P.V. Narasimha Rao , in his next annual budgets from 1992 -- 93 , opened the economy , encouraged foreign investments and reduced peak import duty from 300 plus percent to 50 percent . </P> <P> After elections in 1996 , a non-Congress ministry assumed office . Hence the financial budget for 1996 - 97 was presented by P. Chidambaram , who then belonged to Tamil Maanila Congress . </P> <P> Following a constitutional crisis when the I.K. Gujral Ministry was on its way out , a special session of Parliament was convened just to pass Chidambaram 's 1997 - 98 budget . This budget was passed without a debate . </P> <P> After the general elections in March 1998 that led to the Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Central Government , Yashwant Sinha , the then Finance Minister in this government , presented the interim and final budgets for 1998 - 99 . </P> <P> After general elections in 1999 , Sinha again became the Finance Minister and presented four annual budgets from 1999 - 2000 to 2002 - 2003 . Due to elections in May 2004 , an interim budget was presented by Jaswant Singh . </P> <P> Former Finance Minister Morarji Desai presented the budget ten times , the most by any . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2012 -- 2013 was presented by Pranab Mukherjee , the Finance Minister of India on 16 March 2012 , which was the 7th budget of his career . These budgetary proposals would be applicable for financial year 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2013 -- 2014 was presented by P. Chidambaram on 28 February 2013 . The Interim Union Budget for 2014 -- 2015 was presented on February 17 , 2014 . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2014 -- 2015 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 10 July 2014 . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2015 -- 2016 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 28 February 2015 . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2016 -- 2017 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 29 February 2016 . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2017 -- 2018 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 1 February 2017 . </P> <P> The Union Budget of India for 2018 -- 2019 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 1 February 2018 . </P> <H2> Traditions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Time of Budget announcement ( edit ) </H3> <P> Until the year 1999 , the Union Budget was announced at 6 : 00 pm on the last working day of the month of February . This practice was inherited from the Colonial Era , Another reason was that until the 1990s , all that budgets seem to do was to raise taxes , a presentation in the evening gave producers and the tax collecting agencies the night to work out the change in prices . It was Mr. Yashwant Sinha , the then Finance Minister of India in the NDA government ( led by Bharatiya Janata Party ) of Atal Bihari Vajpayee , who changed the ritual by announcing the 1999 Union Budget at 11 am . </P> <H3> Date of Budget announcement ( edit ) </H3> <P> Also again in 2017 , departing from the colonial - era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February , Minister of Finance ( India ) Arun Jaitley , in the NDA government ( led by Bharatiya Janata Party ) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February . Additionally Rail Budget , presented separately for 92 Years , merged with union budget . </P> <H3> Halwa ceremony ( edit ) </H3> <P> The printing of budget documents starts roughly a week ahead of presenting in the Parliament with a customary ' Halwa ceremony ' in which halwa ( a sweet dish ) is prepared in large quantities and served to the officers and support staff involved . They remain isolated and stay in the North Block office until the Budget is presented . Halwa is also served by the Finance Minister . This ceremony is performed as a part of the Indian tradition of having something sweet before starting an important work . </P> <Ul> <Li> 1947 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2009 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2010 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2011 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2012 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2013 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2014 Interim - Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2014 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2015 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2016 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2017 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> 2018 Union budget of India </Li> <Li> Railway Budget of India </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Procedure in Financial Matters '' ( PDF ) . Ministry of Law and Justice ( India ) . p. 24 . Retrieved 1 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Chidambaram is second only to Morarji Desai in presenting Budget '' . www.businesstoday.in . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Central Budgets in retrospect '' . pib.nic.in . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Meet Manmohan Singh , the economist '' . 2004 - 05 - 20 . Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Salient Features of Interim Union Budget of India for 2014 - 15 '' . IANS . news.biharprabha.com . Retrieved 17 February 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Expectation from union budget 2014 - 15 '' . Patrika Group . 10 July 2014 . Retrieved 10 July 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Highlights of union budget 2015 - 16 '' . The Hindu . 28 February 2015 . Retrieved 28 February 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Live : Jaitley presents Union Budget 2016 - 17 : ' Govt . will pay EPF contribution of 8.33 % to all new employees for first three years ' '' . The Hindu . 29 February 2016 . Retrieved 29 February 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Union Budget 2017 '' . 24 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Desk , Internet . `` Highlights of Union Budget 2017 - 18 '' . The Hindu . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 01 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Union Budget 2018 Highlights : Key takeaways from Arun Jaitley 's fifth Budget '' . Moneycontrol . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 01 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Budget with a difference '' . 2001 - 03 - 17 . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 08 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Union Budget 2017 on 1 Feb : End of a colonial hangover for speedy implementation of schemes '' . Firstpost.com . Firstpost. 16 November 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Railway Budget , Presented For 92 Years , Merged With Union Budget '' . NDTV.com . NDTV . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Printing Of Union Budget Document Begins With ' Halwa ' Ceremony '' . NDTV . Press Trust of India . February 19 , 2016 . Retrieved 19 February 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Government of India : Union Budget and Economic Survey </Li> <Li> Economic Survey and Union Budget </Li> <Li> List of Budget Speeches ( since 1947 ) </Li> <Li> Live financial minister Mr arun jaitley </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Budgets of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Union </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2009 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li>

The central budget in Lok Sabha is presented by

Who present the central budget in lok sabha?

-3772952199709196386

Amazon ( company ) - Wikipedia <H1> Amazon ( company ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It has been suggested that Junglee ( company ) be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since December 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Amazon.com , Inc . <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trading name </Th> <Td> Amazon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> Cadabra , Inc. ( 1994 -- 1995 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Public </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traded as </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> NASDAQ : AMZN </Li> <Li> NASDAQ - 100 component </Li> <Li> S&P 100 component </Li> <Li> S&P 500 component </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISIN </Th> <Td> US0231351067 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> Online shopping Cloud computing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> July 5 , 1994 ; 23 years ago ( 1994 - 07 - 05 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Jeff Bezos </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Seattle , Washington , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key people </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jeff Bezos ( Chairman , President & CEO ) </Li> <Li> Werner Vogels ( CTO ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amazon Appstore </Li> <Li> Amazon Echo </Li> <Li> Amazon Kindle </Li> <Li> Amazon Video </Li> <Li> Amazon Web Services </Li> <Li> ComiXology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revenue </Th> <Td> US $ 135.98 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Operating income </Th> <Td> US $4.186 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Net income </Th> <Td> US $2.371 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total assets </Th> <Td> US $83.402 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total equity </Th> <Td> US $19.285 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of employees </Th> <Td> 541,900 ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Divisions </Th> <Td> Worldwide Consumer ( Global Retail ) Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subsidiaries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A9.com </Li> <Li> Alexa Internet </Li> <Li> Amazon Books </Li> <Li> Amazon Game Studios </Li> <Li> Amazon Lab126 </Li> <Li> Amazon Studios </Li> <Li> Amazon Web Services </Li> <Li> Audible Inc . </Li> <Li> Book Depository </Li> <Li> Digital Photography Review </Li> <Li> Goodreads </Li> <Li> Internet Movie Database </Li> <Li> Junglee.com </Li> <Li> Souq.com </Li> <Li> Twitch.tv </Li> <Li> Whole Foods Market </Li> <Li> Woot </Li> <Li> Zappos </Li> <Li> Body Labs </Li> <Li> Graphiq </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> amazon.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Amazon.com , Inc. , doing business as Amazon ( / ˈæməˌzɒn / ) , is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle , Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5 , 1994 . The tech giant is the largest Internet retailer in the world as measured by revenue and market capitalization , and second largest after Alibaba Group in terms of total sales . The amazon.com website started as an online bookstore and later diversified to sell video downloads / streaming , MP3 downloads / streaming , audiobook downloads / streaming , software , video games , electronics , apparel , furniture , food , toys , and jewelry . The company also produces consumer electronics -- Kindle e-readers , Fire tablets , Fire TV , and Echo -- and is the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services ( IaaS and PaaS ) . Amazon also sells certain low - end products under its in - house brand AmazonBasics . </P> <P> Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States , the United Kingdom and Ireland , France , Canada , Germany , Italy , Spain , Netherlands , Australia , Brazil , Japan , China , India , and Mexico . In 2016 , Dutch , Polish , and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were also launched . Amazon also offers international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products . </P> <P> In 2015 , Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in the United States by market capitalization . Amazon is the fourth most valuable public company in the world , the largest Internet company by revenue in the world , and the eighth largest employer in the United States . In 2017 , Amazon acquired Whole Foods Market for $13.4 billion , which vastly increased Amazon 's presence as a brick - and - mortar retailer . The acquisition was interpreted by some as a direct attempt to challenge Walmart 's traditional retail stores . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Mergers and acquisitions </Li> <Li> 1.2 Investment </Li> <Li> 1.3 Subsidiaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Board of directors </Li> <Li> 3 Merchant partnerships </Li> <Li> 4 Products and services </Li> <Li> 5 Subsidiaries <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Amazon Maritime , Inc . </Li> <Li> 5.2 Audible.com </Li> <Li> 5.3 Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services </Li> <Li> 5.4 Brilliance Audio </Li> <Li> 5.5 ComiXology </Li> <Li> 5.6 Goodreads </Li> <Li> 5.7 Shelfari </Li> <Li> 5.8 Twitch </Li> <Li> 5.9 Whole Foods Market </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Website <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Reviews </Li> <Li> 6.2 Content search </Li> <Li> 6.3 Third - party sellers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Amazon sales rank </Li> <Li> 8 Amazon 's technology </Li> <Li> 9 Multi-level sales strategy </Li> <Li> 10 Revenue </Li> <Li> 11 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Selling counterfeit items </Li> <Li> 11.2 Sales and use taxes </Li> <Li> 11.3 Poor working conditions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Lobbying </Li> <Li> 13 Notable businesses founded by former employees </Li> <Li> 14 See also </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 Further reading </Li> <Li> 17 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Amazon founder Jeff Bezos Further information : Timeline of Amazon.com <P> The company was founded as a result of what Jeff Bezos called his `` regret minimization framework , '' which described his efforts to fend off any regrets for not participating sooner in the Internet business boom during that time . In 1994 , Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D.E. Shaw & Co. , a Wall Street firm , and moved to Seattle , Washington . He began to work on a business plan for what would eventually become Amazon.com . </P> <P> On July 5 , 1994 , Bezos initially incorporated the company with the name Cadabra , Inc . Bezos changed the name to Amazon.com , Inc. a few months later , after a lawyer misheard its original name as `` cadaver '' . In September 1994 , Bezos purchased the URL Relentless.com and briefly considered naming his online store Relentless , but friends told him the name sounded a bit sinister . The domain is still owned by Bezos and still redirects to the retailer . The company went online as Amazon.com in 1995 . </P> <P> Bezos selected the name Amazon by looking through the dictionary ; he settled on `` Amazon '' because it was a place that was `` exotic and different '' , just as he had envisioned for his Internet enterprise . The Amazon River , he noted , was the biggest river in the world , and he planned to make his store the biggest bookstore in the world . Bezos placed a premium on his head start in building a brand and told a reporter , `` There 's nothing about our model that ca n't be copied over time . But you know , McDonald 's got copied . And it still built a huge , multibillion - dollar company . A lot of it comes down to the brand name . Brand names are more important online than they are in the physical world . '' Additionally , a name that began with `` A '' was preferential due to the probability it would occur at the top of any list that was alphabetized . </P> <P> After reading a report about the future of the Internet that projected annual Web commerce growth at 2,300 % , Bezos created a list of 20 products that could be marketed online . He narrowed the list to what he felt were the five most promising products , which included : compact discs , computer hardware , computer software , videos , and books . Bezos finally decided that his new business would sell books online , due to the large worldwide demand for literature , the low price points for books , along with the huge number of titles available in print . Amazon was founded in the garage of Bezos ' home in Bellevue , Washington . </P> <P> The company began as an online bookstore , which was an idea spurred off with a discussion with John Ingram of Ingram Book ( now called Ingram Content Group ) , along with Keyur Patel who still holds a stake in Amazon . Amazon was able to access books at wholesale from Ingram . In the first two months of business , Amazon sold to all 50 states and over 45 countries . Within two months , Amazon 's sales were up to $20,000 / week . While the largest brick and mortar bookstores and mail order catalogs might offer 200,000 titles , an online bookstore could `` carry '' several times more , since it would have a practically unlimited virtual warehouse : those of the actual product makers / suppliers . </P> <P> Amazon was incorporated in 1994 in Washington State . In July 1995 , the company began service and sold its first book on Amazon.com : Douglas Hofstadter 's Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies : Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought . In October 1995 , the company announced itself to the public . In 1996 , it was reincorporated in Delaware . Amazon issued its initial public offering of stock on May 15 , 1997 , trading under the NASDAQ stock exchange symbol AMZN , at a price of US $ 18.00 per share ( $1.50 after three stock splits in the late 1990s ) . </P> <P> Barnes & Noble sued Amazon on May 12 , 1997 , alleging that Amazon 's claim to be `` the world 's largest bookstore '' was false because it `` ... is n't a bookstore at all . It 's a book broker . '' The suit was later settled out of court and Amazon continued to make the same claim . Walmart sued Amazon on October 16 , 1998 , alleging that Amazon had stolen Walmart 's trade secrets by hiring former Walmart executives . Although this suit was also settled out of court , it caused Amazon to implement internal restrictions and the reassignment of the former Walmart executives . </P> <P> Since June 19 , 2000 , Amazon 's logotype has featured a curved arrow leading from A to Z , representing that the company carries every product from A to Z , with the arrow shaped like a smile . </P> <P> Amazon 's initial business plan was unusual ; it did not expect to make a profit for four to five years . This `` slow '' growth caused stockholders to complain that the company was not reaching profitability fast enough to justify their investment or even survive in the long - term . The dot - com bubble burst at the start of the 21st century and destroyed many e-companies in the process , but Amazon survived and moved forward beyond the tech crash to become a huge player in online sales . The company finally turned its first profit in the fourth quarter of 2001 : $5 million ( i.e. , 1 ¢ per share ) , on revenues of more than $1 billion . This profit margin , though extremely modest , proved to skeptics that Bezos ' unconventional business model could succeed . In 1999 ,

Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos and is headquartered in

Who founded amazon where is the headquarters of amazon?

-3474378359881708729

Railway platform - wikipedia <H1> Railway platform </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Platform at Rotterdam Centraal station , Netherlands Station platforms at Arts et Métiers on Paris Métro Line 11 <P> A railway platform is an area -- normally paved or otherwise prepared for pedestrian use , and often raised to a greater or lesser degree -- provided alongside one or more of the tracks at a railway or metro station for use by passengers awaiting , boarding , or alighting from trains . Almost all stations have some form of platform , with larger stations having multiple platforms . The world 's longest station platform is at Gorakhpur Junction in India at 1,355.40 metres . </P> <P> The term `` platform '' is also sometimes applied to any type of raised loading bank provided beside a railway line or siding for the loading and unloading of freight wagons . </P> <P> Among some United States train conductors the word `` platform '' has entered usage as a verb , as in the announcement : `` The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Height relative to trains </Li> <Li> 2 Types of platform </Li> <Li> 3 Identification </Li> <Li> 4 Facilities </Li> <Li> 5 Safety <Ul> <Li> 5.1 High - speed rail </Li> <Li> 5.2 Markings </Li> <Li> 5.3 Curvature </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Notable examples <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Longest </Li> <Li> 6.2 Sharpest curve </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Height relative to trains ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Railway platform height <P> The most basic form of platform consists of an area at the same level as the track , usually resulting in a fairly large height difference between the platform and the train floor . This would often not be considered a true platform . The more traditional platform is elevated relative to the track but often lower than the train floor , although ideally they should be at the same level . Occasionally the platform is higher than the train floor , where a train with a low floor serves a station built for trains with a high floor , for example at the Dutch stations of the DB Regionalbahn Westfalen ( see Enschede ) . On the London Underground some stations are served by both District line and Piccadilly line trains , and the Piccadilly trains have lower floors . </P> <P> A tram stop is often in the middle of the street ; usually it has as a platform a refuge area of a similar height to that of the sidewalk ( e.g. 100 mm ( 3.9 in ) ) , and sometimes has no platform . The latter requires extra care by passengers and other traffic to avoid accidents . Both types of tram stops can be seen in the tram networks of Melbourne and Toronto . Sometimes a tram stop is served by ordinary trams with rather low floors and metro - like light rail vehicles with higher floors , and the tram stop has a dual - height platform , as in Amstelveen , Netherlands . A train station may be served by heavy - rail and light - rail vehicles with lower floors and have a dual - height platform , as on the RijnGouweLijn in the Netherlands . </P> <H2> Types of platform ( edit ) </H2> This diagram illustrates different types of platform . Platform 1 is a `` bay '' platform , while platforms 2 , 3 and 4 are `` through '' platforms . The platform accommodating 3 and 4 is an `` island '' platform <P> Platform types include the bay platform , side platform ( also called through platform ) , split platform and island platform . A bay platform is one at which the track terminates , i.e. a dead - end or siding . Trains serving a bay platform must reverse in or out . A side platform is the more usual type , alongside tracks where the train arrives from one end and leaves towards the other . An island platform has through platforms on both sides ; it may be indented on one or both ends , with bay platforms . To reach an island platform there may be a bridge , a tunnel , or a level crossing . The climb up to the bridge or down to the tunnel may use stairs , ramps , escalators , lifts , or a combination of the above . A variant on the side platform is the spanish solution which has platforms on both sides of a single through track . </P> <H2> Identification ( edit ) </H2> <P> Most stations have their platforms numbered consecutively from 1 ; a few stations , including Cardiff Central , Haymarket , King 's Cross , Stockport , and Gravesend ( in the UK ) ; Uppsala , ( Sweden ) ; and Lidcombe , Sydney ( Australia ) , start from 0 . At Bristol Temple Meads platforms 3 through to 12 are split along their length with odd numbered platforms facing north and east and even facing south and west , with a small signal halfway along the platform . Some , such as London Waterloo East , use letters instead of numbers ( this is to distinguish the platforms from numbered ones in the adjoining Waterloo main - line station for staff who work at both stations ) ; some , such as Paris - Gare de Lyon , use letters for one group of platforms but numbers for the other . </P> <P> Usually platform numbering is a numbering of the boarding areas in the station ( hence one island platform , for example , may have several numbered platforms ) . In some cases , tracks used only for through traffic without platform access also have a number . In North America , reference is usually made to a `` track '' ( e.g. `` The train is arriving on Track 5 '' ) . The term `` platform '' is also used in the US , but a single island platform may have access to two `` tracks '' . </P> <H2> Facilities ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some of the station facilities are often located on the platforms . Where the platforms are not adjacent to a station building , often some form of shelter or waiting room is provided , and employee cabins may also be present . The weather protection offered varies greatly , from little more than a roof with open sides , to a closed room with heating or air - conditioning . There may be benches , lighting , ticket counters , drinking fountains , shops , trash boxes , and static timetables or dynamic displays with information about the next train . </P> <P> There are often loudspeakers as part of a public address ( PA ) system . The PA system is often used where dynamic timetables or electronic displays are not present . A variety of information is presented , including destinations and times ( for all trains , or only the more important long - distance trains ) , delays , cancellations , platform changes , changes in routes and destinations , the number of carriages in the train and the location of first class or luggage compartments , and supplementary fee or reservation requirements . </P> <H2> Safety ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some metro stations have platform screen doors between the platforms and the tracks . They provide more safety , and they allow the heating or air conditioning in the station to be separated from the ventilation in the tunnel , thus being more efficient and effective . They have been installed in most stations of the Singapore MRT and the Hong Kong MTR , and stations on the Jubilee Line Extension in London . </P> <P> Platforms should be sloped upwards slightly towards the platform edge to prevent wheeled objects such as trolleys , prams and wheelchairs from rolling away and into the path of the train . Many platforms have a cavity underneath an overhanging edge so that people who may fall off the platform can seek shelter from incoming trains . A dangerous practice is sitting on the edge of the platform , which requires withdrawing the legs fast enough when a train arrives . </P> <H3> High - speed rail ( edit ) </H3> Play media A train passing at 240 km / h ( 150 mph ) with induced airflow and debris that affect the videographer on the platform <P> In high - speed rail , passing trains are a significant safety problem as the safe distance from the platform edge increases with the speed of the passing train . A study done by the United States Department of Transportation in 1999 found that trains passing station platforms at speeds of 240 kilometres per hour ( 150 mph ) can pose safety concerns to passengers on the platforms who are 2 metres ( 6.6 ft ) away from the edge due to the aerodynamic effects created by pressure and induced airflow with speeds of 64 kilometres per hour ( 40 mph ) to 95 kilometres per hour ( 59 mph ) depending on the train body aerodynamic designs . Additionally , the airflow can cause debris to be blown out to the waiting passengers . If the passengers stand closer at 1 metre ( 3.3 ft ) , the risk increases with airflow that can reach speeds of 79 kilometres per hour ( 49 mph ) to 116 kilometres per hour ( 72 mph ) . </P> Platform barriers on the Berlin - Hamburg high speed line <P> In United Kingdom , a guideline for platform safety specifies that for the platforms with train passing speeds between 160 kilometres per hour ( 99 mph ) and 200 kilometres per hour ( 120 mph ) , there should be a yellow - line buffer zone of 1.5 metres ( 4.9 ft ) and other warning signs . If trains can pass at speeds higher than 200 kilometres per hour ( 120 mph ) , the platforms should be inaccessible to passengers unless there are waiting rooms or screened areas to provide protection . The European Union has a regulation for platforms that are close to tracks with train passing speeds of 250 kilometres per hour ( 160 mph ) or more should not be accessible to passengers unless there is a lower speed limit for trains that intend to stop at the station or there are barriers to limit access . </P> <H3> Markings ( edit ) </H3> A common marking at curved platforms on the London Underground . <P> Platforms usually have some form of warnings or measures to keep passengers away from the tracks . The simplest measure is markings near the edge of the platform to demarcate the distance back that passengers should remain . Often a special tiled surface is used as well as a painted line , to help blind people using a walking aid , and help in preventing wheelchairs from rolling too near the platform edge . </P> <P> In the US , Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 regulations require a detectable warning strip 24 inches ( 61 cm ) wide , consisting of truncated dome bumps in a visually - contrasting color , for the full length of the platform . </P> <H3> Curvature ( edit ) </H3> See also : Platform gap and Platform gap filler <P> Ideally platforms should be straight or slightly convex , so that the guard can see the whole train when preparing to close the doors . Platforms that have great curvature have blind spots that create a safety hazard . Mirrors or closed - circuit cameras may be used in these cases to view the whole platform . Also passenger carriages are straight , so doors will not always open directly onto a

The longest railway station in India is

Who is the longest railway station in india?

-4765531453066556306

Mount Etna - wikipedia <H1> Mount Etna </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 25 January 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Etna ( disambiguation ) . `` Mongibello '' redirects here . Mongibello is also a fictitious location central to Patricia Highsmith 's novel series The Talented Mr. Ripley and its movie adaptations , Purple Noon and The Talented Mr. Ripley ( film ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mount Etna </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Etna with the city of Catania in the foreground </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Highest point </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) ( varies ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prominence </Th> <Td> 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) Ranked 59th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Isolation </Th> <Td> 999 kilometres ( 621 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Listing </Th> <Td> Ultra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 37 ° 45.3 ′ N 14 ° 59.7 ′ E  /  37.7550 ° N 14.9950 ° E  / 37.7550 ; 14.9950 Coordinates : 37 ° 45.3 ′ N 14 ° 59.7 ′ E  /  37.7550 ° N 14.9950 ° E  / 37.7550 ; 14.9950 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Geography </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Mount Etna Metropolitan City of Catania in Sicily , Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Geology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Age of rock </Th> <Td> 350,000 -- 500,000 years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mountain type </Th> <Td> Stratovolcano </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last eruption </Th> <Td> 16 March 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> UNESCO World Heritage Site </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criteria </Th> <Td> Natural : viii </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference </Th> <Td> 1427 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inscription </Th> <Td> 2013 ( 37th Session ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 19,237 ha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Buffer zone </Th> <Td> 26,220 ha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mount Etna ( or Etna ; / ˈɛtnə / ; Italian : Etna ( ˈɛtna ) or Mongibello ( mondʒiˈbɛllo ) , Sicilian : Mungibeddu ( mʊndʒɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ ) or â Muntagna , Latin : Aetna ) is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily , Italy , in the Metropolitan City of Catania , between the cities of Messina and Catania . It lies above the convergent plate margin between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate . It is the highest active volcano in Europe outside the Caucasus . It is currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high , though this varies with summit eruptions . It is the highest peak in Italy south of the Alps . Etna covers an area of 1,190 km ( 459 sq mi ) with a basal circumference of 140 km . This makes it by far the largest of the three active volcanoes in Italy , being about two and a half times the height of the next largest , Mount Vesuvius . Only Mount Teide in Tenerife ( owned by Spain ) surpasses it in the whole of the European -- North - African region west of the Black Sea . In Greek Mythology , the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under this mountain by Zeus , the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods , and the forges of Hephaestus were said to also be located underneath it . </P> <P> Mount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and is in an almost constant state of activity . The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture , with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south . Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population , Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations . In June 2013 , it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . </P> Etna seen behind the Rocca di Novara , Peloritani mountains <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology / Folklore </Li> <Li> 2 History of volcanic eruptions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Geological history </Li> <Li> 2.2 Eruptions <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Historical eruptions </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Recent eruptions <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 2.1 Volcanic explosivity index of recent eruptions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Smoke rings </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Geopolitical oddity </Li> <Li> 4 Facilities </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology / folklore ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word Etna is from the Greek αἴθω ( aithō ) , meaning `` I burn '' , through an iotacist pronunciation . In Classical Greek , it is called Αἴτνη ( Aítnē ) , a name given also to Catania and the city originally known as Inessa . In Latin it is called Aetna . In Arabic , it was called جبل النار Jabal al - Nār ( the Mountain of Fire ) . </P> <P> It is also known as Mungibeddu in Sicilian and Mongibello or Montebello in Italian ( the Italian word literally means `` beautiful mountain '' ) . According to another hypothesis , the term Mongibello comes from the Latin Mulciber ( qui ignem mulcet , `` who placates the fire '' ) , one of the Latin names of the Roman god Vulcan . Another theory is that Mongibello came from Italian monte plus Arabic jabal , both meaning `` mountain '' . </P> <P> Now , the term Mongibello indicates the mountain 's top area of the two central craters encompassing also the craters in the southeast and the northeast of the volcanic cone . </P> <P> The name Mongibel is found in Arthurian Romance , as the name of the otherworld castle ( or realm ) of Morgan le Fay and her half - brother , King Arthur , localised at Etna , according to traditions concerning them derived from the stories told by the Breton conteurs who accompanied the Norman occupiers of Sicily . What were originally Welsh conceptions concerning a dwarf king of a paradisal , Celtic underworld became attached to the quasi-historic figure of Arthur as ' Ruler of the Antipodes ' and were then transplanted into a Sicilian milieu , by Bretons impressed by the already otherworldly associations of the great , volcanic mountain of their new home . Mediaevalist Roger Sherman Loomis quotes passages from the works of Gervase of Tilbury and Caesarius of Heisterbach ( dating from the late twelfth century ) featuring accounts of Arthur 's returning of a lost horse which had strayed into his subterranean kingdom beneath Etna . Caesarius quotes as his authority for the story a certain canon Godescalcus of Bonn , who considered it a matter of historic fact of the time of Emperor Henry 's conquest of Sicily circa 1194 . Caesarius employs in his account the Latin phrase in monte Gyber ( = ' within Etna ' ) to describe the location of Arthur 's kingdom . </P> <P> The Fada de Gibel of the Castle of Gibaldar ( Fairy of Etna ) appears in Jaufre , the only surviving Arthurian romance in the Occitan language , the composition of which is dated to between 1180 and 1230 . However , in Jaufre , while it is clear from her name that the fairy queen in question is Morgan le Fay , the rich underworld queendom of which she is the mistress is accessed , not through a fiery grotto on the slopes of Etna , but through a ' fountain ' ( i.e. a spring ) -- a circumstance more in keeping with Morgan 's original watery , rather than fiery , associations , before her incorporation into the folklore of Sicily . For another Sicilian conception of the fairy realm or castle of Morgan le Fay -- see Fata Morgana ( mirage ) re . an optical phenomenon common in the Strait of Messina . </P> <H2> History of volcanic eruptions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Geological history ( edit ) </H3> Mount Etna from the south with the smoking peak in the upper left and a lateral crater in the centre . <P> Volcanic activity first took place at Etna about 500,000 years ago , with eruptions occurring beneath the sea off the ancient coastline of Sicily . About 300,000 years ago , volcanism began occurring to the southwest of the summit ( centre top of volcano ) then , before activity moved towards the present centre 170,000 years ago . Eruptions at this time built up the first major volcanic edifice , forming a stratovolcano in alternating explosive and effusive eruptions . The growth of the mountain was occasionally interrupted by major eruptions , leading to the collapse of the summit to form calderas . </P> <P> From about 35,000 to 15,000 years ago , Etna experienced some highly explosive eruptions , generating large pyroclastic flows , which left extensive ignimbrite deposits . Ash from these eruptions has been found as far away as south of Rome 's border , 800 km ( 497 mi ) to the north . </P> <P> Thousands of years ago , the eastern flank of the mountain experienced a catastrophic collapse , generating an enormous landslide in an event similar to that seen in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens . The landslide left a large depression in the side of the volcano , known as ' Valle del Bove ' ( Valley of the Ox ) . Research published in 2006 suggested this occurred around 8000 years ago , and caused a huge tsunami , which left its mark in several places in the eastern Mediterranean . It may have been the reason the settlement of Atlit Yam ( Israel ) , now below sea level , was suddenly abandoned around that time . </P> <P> The steep walls of the valley have suffered subsequent collapses on numerous occasions . The strata exposed in the valley walls provide an important and easily accessible record of Etna 's eruptive history . </P> <P> The most recent collapse event at the summit of Etna is thought to have occurred about 2,000 years ago , forming what is known as the Piano Caldera . This caldera has been almost entirely filled by subsequent lava eruptions , but is still visible as a distinct break in the slope of the mountain near the base of the present - day summit cone . </P> <H3> Eruptions ( edit ) </H3> Teide Nyiragongo Vesuvius Etna Santorini Unzen Sakurajima Taal Merapi Ulawun Mauna Loa Colima Santa María Avachinsky Koryaksky Galeras Rainier Mount Etna is one of the 16 Decade Volcanoes . Historical eruptions ( edit ) <P> Eruptions of Etna follow a variety of patterns . Most occur at the summit , where there are currently ( as of 2008 ) five distinct craters -- the Northeast Crater , the Voragine , the Bocca Nuova , and the Southeast Crater Complex ( 2 ) . Other eruptions occur on the flanks , which have more than 300 vents ranging in size from small holes in the ground to large craters hundreds of metres across . Summit eruptions can be highly explosive and spectacular , but rarely threaten the inhabited areas around the volcano . In contrast , flank eruptions can occur down to a few hundred metres altitude , close to or even well within the inhabited areas . Numerous villages and small towns lie around or on cones of past flank eruptions . Since the year AD 1600 , at least 60 flank eruptions and countless summit eruptions have occurred ; nearly half of these have happened since the start of the 20th century . Since 2000 , Etna has had four flank eruptions -- in 2001 , 2002 -- 2003 , 2004 -- 2005 , and 2008 -- 2009 . Summit eruptions occurred in 2006 , 2007 -- 2008 , January -- April 2012 , and again in July --

The last time Mount Etna exploded was on

When was the last time mount etna exploded?

-2558436818358333580

- 150 , thirteenth generation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Overview </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manufacturer </Th> <Td> Ford </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also called </Th> <Td> Ford Lobo ( Mexico , 1992 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production </Th> <Td> 1948 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Body and chassis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Class </Th> <Td> Full - size pickup truck </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Layout </Th> <Td> Front engine , rear - wheel drive / four - wheel drive </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Predecessor </Th> <Td> 1941 -- 1948 Ford pickup , Ford Ranger ( North America ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> Ford Super Duty ( F - 250 , F - 350 , F - 450 , F - 550 , F - 650 , F - 750 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Ford F - Series is a series of light - duty trucks and medium - duty trucks ( Class 2 - 7 ) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948 . While most variants of the F - Series trucks are full - size pickup trucks , the F - Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles . The Ford F - Series has been the best - selling vehicle in the United States since 1986 and the best - selling pickup since 1977 . It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada . As of the 2018 model year , the F - Series generates $41.0 billion in annual revenue for Ford , making the F - Series brand more valuable than Coca - Cola and Nike . </P> <P> In 1999 , to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium - duty trucks , the F - 250 and F - 350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles ; considered an expansion of the F - Series , the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier - duty components . As of the 2017 model year , the F - Series includes the F - 150 , the Super Duty ( F - 250 through F - 550 ) , and F - 650 and F - 750 Super Duty medium - duty commercial trucks . The most popular version of the F - Series is the F - 150 , now in its thirteenth generation . </P> <P> Through the use of rebadging , Ford has marketed the F - Series through all three Ford divisions in North America . From 1946 to 1968 , Mercury sold the Mercury M - Series in Canada ; during the 2000s , Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood , replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 First generation ( 1948 -- 1952 ) </Li> <Li> 2 Second generation ( 1953 -- 1956 ) </Li> <Li> 3 Third generation ( 1957 -- 1960 ) </Li> <Li> 4 Fourth generation ( 1961 -- 1966 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Fifth generation ( 1967 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Sixth generation ( 1973 -- 1979 ) </Li> <Li> 7 Seventh generation ( 1980 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 8 Eighth generation ( 1987 -- 1991 ) </Li> <Li> 9 Ninth generation ( 1992 -- 1997 ) </Li> <Li> 10 Tenth generation ( 1997 -- 2003 ) </Li> <Li> 11 Eleventh generation ( 2004 -- 2008 ) </Li> <Li> 12 Twelfth generation ( 2009 -- 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 13 Thirteenth generation ( 2015 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 14 Special models <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Unibody F - Series </Li> <Li> 14.2 Specials </Li> <Li> 14.3 F - 150 Nite </Li> <Li> 14.4 Eddie Bauer </Li> <Li> 14.5 SVT Lightning </Li> <Li> 14.6 Harley - Davidson Edition </Li> <Li> 14.7 SVT Raptor </Li> <Li> 14.8 F - 150 Platinum </Li> <Li> 14.9 F - 150 Tremor </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 15 Motorsports </Li> <Li> 16 Awards and recognition </Li> <Li> 17 Sales </Li> <Li> 18 Variants <Ul> <Li> 18.1 Medium - duty trucks </Li> <Li> 18.2 Heavy - duty trucks </Li> <Li> 18.3 Vans </Li> <Li> 18.4 Export </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 19 See also </Li> <Li> 20 References </Li> <Li> 21 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> First generation ( 1948 -- 1952 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( first generation ) 1950 F - 3 <P> The first - generation F - Series pickup ( known as the Ford Bonus - Built ) was introduced in 1948 as a replacement for the previous car - based pickup line introduced in 1942 . The F - Series was sold in eight different weight ratings , with pickup , panel truck , cab - over engine ( COE ) , conventional truck , and school bus chassis body styles . </P> <H2> Second generation ( 1953 -- 1956 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( second generation ) 1953 F - 100 <P> For the 1953 model year , an all - new version of the F - Series made its debut . Increased dimensions , improved engines , and an updated chassis were features of the second generation . </P> <P> Additionally , a change to the F - Series naming scheme would remain in place to the present day . The half - ton F - 1 became the F - 100 ( partially influenced by the North American F - 100 Super Sabre ) ; the F - 2 and F - 3 were combined into the F - 250 while the F - 4 became the F - 350 . Conventional F - Series trucks were F - 500 to F - 900 ; COE chassis were C - Series trucks . </P> 1953 F100 Build Diagram <H2> Third generation ( 1957 -- 1960 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( third generation ) 1960 F - 500 <P> Introduced in 1957 , the third generation F - series was a significant modernization and redesign . Front fenders became integrated into the body , and the new Styleside bed continued the smooth lines to the rear of the pickup . </P> <P> The cab - over F - Series was discontinued , having been replaced by the tilt - cab C - Series . </P> <P> In 1959 , Ford began in - house production of four - wheel - drive pickups . </P> <H2> Fourth generation ( 1961 -- 1966 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( fourth generation ) 1965 F - 100 <P> Ford introduced a dramatically new style of pickup in 1961 with the fourth generation F - Series . Longer and lower than its predecessors , these trucks had increased dimensions and new engine and gearbox choices . Additionally , the 1961 -- 1963 models were constructed as a unibody design with the cab and bed integrated . This proved unpopular and Ford reverted to the traditional separate cab / bed design in 1964 . </P> <P> In 1965 , the F - Series was given a significant mid-cycle redesign . A completely new platform , including the `` Twin I - Beam '' front suspension , was introduced that would be used until 1996 on the F - 150 and until 2016 on the F - 250 / 350 4x2 . Additionally that year , the Ranger name made its first appearance on a Ford pickup ; previously a base model of the Edsel , it was now used to denote a high - level styling package for F - Series pickups . </P> <H2> Fifth generation ( 1967 -- 1972 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( fifth generation ) 1972 F - 250 Camper Special <P> Introduced in 1967 , the fifth generation F - series pickup was built on the same platform as the 1965 revision of the fourth generation . Dimensions and greenhouse glass were increased , engine options expanded , and plusher trim levels became available during the fifth generation 's production run . </P> <P> Suspension components from all 1969 F - Series models are completely interchangeable . </P> <P> A variant of the fifth generation F - series was produced until 1992 in Brazil for the South American market . </P> <H2> Sixth generation ( 1973 -- 1979 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( sixth generation ) 1979 F - 250 Ranger <P> The sixth generation F - series was introduced in 1973 . This version of the F - series continued to be built on the 1965 fourth generation 's revised platform , but with significant modernizations and refinements . Front disc brakes , increased cabin dimensions , gas tank relocated outside the cab and under the bed , significantly improved heating and air conditioning , full double wall bed construction , increased use of galvanized steel , SuperCab was introduced in the sixth generation pickup . </P> <P> The FE engine series was discontinued in 1976 after a nearly 20 - year run , replaced by the more modern 351 series ( Modified ) and 400 series engines . </P> <P> In 1975 , the F - 150 was introduced in between the F - 100 and the F - 250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions . For 1978 , square headlights replaced the previous models ' round ones on higher trim package models , such as Lariat and Ranger , and in 1979 became standard equipment . Also for 1978 , the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F - series pickup . 1979 was the last year that the 460 big block engine was available in a half ton truck . </P> <H2> Seventh generation ( 1980 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Ford F - Series ( seventh generation ) F - 150 XL <P> The 1980 F - Series was redesigned with an all - new chassis and larger body ; this was the first ground - up redesign since 1965 . The exterior styling of the truck was redone to improve aerodynamics and fuel economy . Medium - duty F - Series ( F600 - F900 ) were also redesigned ; although they shared the cabin of the smaller pickup trucks , the largest version of F - Series now wore a bonnet with separate front wings ( like the L - Series ) . Medium duty Ford F - Series would carry the 1980 -- 1986 interior design until 2000 ( though pickups were restyled again in 1987 and 1992 ) , with very subtle changes such as window glass and electronics . </P> <P> In a move towards fuel efficiency , Ford dropped the M - Series engines ( the 5.8 Liter 351M and 6.6 Liter 400 cu in V8s ) in 1981 , replacing them with the 4.2 Liter 255 C.I. and 5.8 Liter 351 C.I. Windsor V8 engines from the Panther platform . The 255 V8 was simply a 5.0 L , 302 V8 with a smaller bore , built specifically for better fuel economy , but was dropped for the 1982 model year due to being underpowered and having limited demand . For 1982 and 1983 , the 3.8 L , 232 C.I. Essex V6 was the base engine but was quickly dropped for the 1984 model year . In 1983 , Ford added Diesel power to the F - Series through a partnership with International Harvester ( later Navistar ) . The 6.9 L , 420 C.I. IDI V8 produced similar power output as the gasoline 351 Windsor V8 , with the fuel economy of the 4.9 L , 300 I6 . From this point on ( 1983 - present ) , the heavier duty f - series trucks ( F - 350 and above ) were usually equipped with the Diesel engines as standard horsepower. 1985 was the first

Ford changed the F-150 body style in

When did ford change the f150 body style?

5747338368336738670

2006 Guinness World Book of Records as the first all - digital capture film . The film also marks Michael Jeter 's last acting role before his death , and the film was thus dedicated to his memory . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Architecture </Li> <Li> 3.2 Polar Express Locomotive </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 IMAX 3D version </Li> <Li> 5 Home media release </Li> <Li> 6 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 7 Reception <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 7.2 Box office </Li> <Li> 7.3 Awards and honors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 The `` Polar Express Experience '' </Li> <Li> 9 Video game </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> On the night of Christmas Eve , a Grand Rapids , Michigan boy is growing bitterly skeptical of the existence of Santa Claus . As he struggles to sleep , he is roused by the arrival of a steam locomotive on the street outside his home , and dons his robe to investigate , tearing the robe 's pocket as he retrieves it . Outside , the train 's conductor ( Tom Hanks ) introduces the train as the Polar Express , bound for the North Pole . The boy initially declines to board , but jumps aboard the train as it pulls away . </P> <P> In a passenger car , he befriends a spirited and amicable girl , and a condescending know - it - all . The train stops to pick up an impoverished child , Billy , who also declines to board ; Billy changes his mind , and the boy applies the emergency brake to allow him to catch up to the train , much to the conductor 's chagrin . As Billy sits alone in the train 's rear dining car , hot chocolate is served in the passenger car , and the girl saves her hot chocolate for Billy . As she and the conductor cross to the dining car , the boy notices she left her ticket behind unpunched , but loses hold of the ticket between the cars when he attempts to return it . The ticket reeenters the passenger car , but not before the conductor notices its absence and escorts the girl back to the rear car . </P> <P> The know - it - all claims that the conductor will jettison the girl from the back of the train ; the boy recovers the ticket and dashes to the dining car in search of the conductor , climbing onto the roof from the rear platform . He meets a hobo camping on the roof , who offers him coffee and discusses the existence of Santa Claus and belief in ghosts . The hobo skis with the boy along the tops of the cars towards the train 's coal tender , where the hobo disappears . Here , the boy discovers that the girl has been made to supervise the locomotive while engineers Steamer and Smokey replace the train 's headlight . The train is forced to stop while the conductor disperses a herd of caribou , whereupon the engineers return to the cabin and the boy , girl and conductor remain on the catwalk on the front of the locomotive . The throttle 's split pin sheers off , causing the train to accelerate uncontrollably down a 179 - degree grade and onto a frozen lake , where the engineers repair the throttle with a hairpin and drift the train to realign it with the tracks . The boy returns the girl 's ticket , and as the three return to the passenger car , the boy is accosted by an Ebenezer Scrooge marionette ( controlled by the hobo ) , taunting him and calling him a doubter . </P> <P> The train finally arrives at the North Pole , where the conductor announces that one of the passengers will be chosen to receive the first gift of Christmas , from Santa himself . The girl discovers Billy still alone in the rear car , and she and the boy persuade him to come along ; however , the boy accidentally unhitches the car , sending it back along the line to a railway turntable in Santa 's workshop . The children sneak through an elf command center and a gift sorting office before accidentally being dumped into Santa 's sack , where they discover that the know - it - all stowed away along with them , hoping to open his Christmas presents early . The elves rescue them as Santa arrives , and the boy grows frustrated , unable to see Santa through the crowd . A jingle bell flies loose from the galloping reindeers ' reins ; the boy initially can not hear it ring , until he finds it within himself to believe . He returns the bell to Santa as he passes , and Santa selects the boy to receive the first gift of Christmas . The boy asks to keep the jingle bell , and places it in his robe pocket . </P> <P> The children all board the Polar Express to return home , but the boy discovers that the pocket was torn and that the bell had fallen out . He returns home and awakens Christmas morning to find a present containing the bell . He holds it to his ear and shakes it ; his parents , not believing in Santa , lament how the bell is `` broken '' . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> This film marks the final performance of actor Michael Jeter ; Jeter died the year before the film 's release . <Ul> <Li> Tom Hanks as the Hero Boy ( motion - capture only ) , the Hero Boy 's father , the Conductor , the Hobo , Santa Claus , and the Narrator <Ul> <Li> Daryl Sabara as the Hero Boy ( voice ) </Li> <Li> Josh Hutcherson as the Hero Boy ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Leslie Zemeckis as Sister Sarah ( motion - capture only ) and the Hero Boy 's mother <Ul> <Li> Isabella Peregrina as Sister Sarah ( voice ) </Li> <Li> Ashly Holloway as Sister Sarah ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Eddie Deezen as Know - It - All <Ul> <Li> Jimmy ' Jax ' Pinchak as Know - It - All ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Nona Gaye as the Hero Girl <Ul> <Li> Chantel Valdivieso as the Hero Girl ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> <Li> Meagan Moore as the Hero Girl ( singing voice ) </Li> <Li> Tinashe as the Hero Girl ( motion - capture modeling ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Peter Scolari as Billy the Lonely Boy ( motion - capture only ) <Ul> <Li> Hayden McFarland as Billy the Lonely Boy ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> <Li> Jimmy Bennett as Billy the Lonely Boy ( voice ) </Li> <Li> Matthew Hall as Billy the Lonely Boy ( singing voice ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dylan Cash as Boy on Train ( voice ) </Li> <Li> Brendan King and Andy Pellick as the Pastry Chefs </Li> <Li> Josh Eli , Rolandas Hendricks , Jon Scott , Sean Scott , Mark Mendonca , Mark Goodman , Gregory Gast , and Gordon Hart as the Waiters </Li> <Li> Andre Sogliuzzo as Smokey and Steamer ( voice ) <Ul> <Li> Michael Jeter as Smokey and Steamer ( motion - capture only ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Chris Coppola as Gus the Toothless Boy and an Elf <Ul> <Li> Connor Matheus as the Toothless Boy ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Julene Renee as the Red Head Girl and an Elf </Li> <Li> Phil Fondacaro , Debbie Lee Carrington , Mark Povinelli , and Ed Gale as Elves </Li> <Li> Charles Fleischer as the Elf General </Li> <Li> Steven Tyler as the Elf Lieutenant and the Elf Singer </Li> <Li> Dante Pastula as the Little Boy </Li> <Li> Eric Newton , Aidan O'Shea , Aaron Hendry , Kevin C. Carr , Bee Jay Joyer , Jena Carpenter , Karine Mauffrey , Beth Carpenter , Bill Forchion , Devin Henderson , and Sagiv Ben - Binyamin as Acrobatic Elves </Li> <Li> Evan Sabara as a Young Boy ( additional motion - capture ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Architecture ( edit ) </H3> Administration building of the Pullman Palace Car Company <P> The buildings at the North Pole refer to a number of buildings related to American railroading history . The buildings in the square at the city 's center are loosely based on the Pullman Factory in Chicago 's Pullman neighborhood . </P> <H3> Polar Express locomotive ( edit ) </H3> Pere Marquette locomotive 1225 , the basis for the Polar Express . <P> The locomotive featured in the film is an American 2 - 8 - 4 Berkshire type steam locomotive , with a cowcatcher , modeled after the Pere Marquette 1225 , which had spent many years on static display near Spartan Stadium in East Lansing , Michigan on the campus of Michigan State University , where Chris Van Allsburg recalled playing on the engine when attending football games as a child . </P> <P> In July 2002 , Warner Bros. approached the engine 's owner , the Steam Railroading Institute , to study the engine . The engine in the film is modeled from the PM # 1225 's drawings and the sounds from recordings made of the 1225 operating under steam . The whistle , however , was taken from Sierra Railway # 3 . </P> <H2> IMAX 3D version ( edit ) </H2> <P> In addition to standard theatrical 35mm format , a 3 - D version for IMAX was also released , generated from the same 3 - D digital models used for the standard version . </P> <H2> Home Media release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was released on DVD as separated widescreen and full - screen versions in single and two - disc special editions ( with bonus features ) and on VHS on November 22 , 2005 , one year after the film came out . It was released on Blu - ray with bonus features and presented in the original widescreen aspect ratio on October 30 , 2007 . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> Main article : The Polar Express ( soundtrack ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Hanks </Td> <Td> `` The Polar Express '' </Td> <Td> 3 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Matthew Hall & Meagan Moore </Td> <Td> `` When Christmas Comes to Town '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Steven Tyler </Td> <Td> `` Rockin ' on the Top of the World '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Josh Groban </Td> <Td> `` Believe '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Hanks </Td> <Td> `` Hot Chocolate '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alan Silvestri </Td> <Td> `` Spirit of the Season '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frank Sinatra </Td> <Td> `` Santa Claus Is Comin ' to Town '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alan Silvestri </Td> <Td> `` Seeing Is Believing '' </Td> <Td> 3 : 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bing Crosby </Td> <Td> `` White Christmas '' </Td> <Td> 3 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Andrews Sisters </Td> <Td> `` Winter Wonderland '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Perry Como &The Fontane Sisters </Td> <Td> `` It 's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kate Smith </Td> <Td> ``

The little boy in Polar Express was played by

Who played the little boy in polar express?

-755323333073236341

confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy . </P> <P> The screenplay was adapted by Lynch , Christopher De Vore and Eric Bergren from Frederick Treves 's The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences ( 1923 ) and Ashley Montagu 's The Elephant Man : A Study in Human Dignity ( 1971 ) . It was shot in black - and - white and featured make - up work by Christopher Tucker . </P> <P> The Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor . After receiving widespread criticism for failing to honor the film 's make - up effects , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was prompted to create the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling the following year . The film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film , Best Actor and Best Production Design and was nominated for Golden Globe awards . It also won a French César Award for Best Foreign Film . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Main cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 4.2 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Home media </Li> <Li> 6 Soundtrack <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Track listing for the first U.S. release on LP </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Cultural influence </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> London Hospital surgeon Frederick Treves finds John Merrick in a Victorian freak show in London 's East End , where he is kept by a Mr. Bytes . His head is kept hooded , and his `` owner '' , who views him as retarded , is paid by Treves to bring him to the hospital for exams . Treves presents Merrick to his colleagues and highlights his monstrous skull , which forces him to sleep with his head on his knees , since if he were to lie down , he would asphyxiate . On Merrick 's return he is beaten so badly by Bytes that he has to call Treves for medical help . Treves brings him back to the hospital . </P> <P> John is tended to by Mrs. Mothershead , the formidable matron , as the other nurses are too frightened of Merrick . Mr. Carr - Gomm , the hospital 's Governor , is against housing Merrick , as the hospital does not accept `` incurables '' . To prove that Merrick can make progress , Treves trains him to say a few conversational sentences . Carr - Gomm sees through this ruse , but as he is leaving , Merrick begins to recite the 23rd Psalm , and continues past the part of the Psalm that Treves taught him . Merrick tells the doctors that he knows how to read , and has memorized the 23rd Psalm because it is his favorite . Carr - Gomm permits him to stay , and Merrick spends his time practicing conversation with Treves and building a model of a cathedral he sees from his window . </P> <P> Merrick has tea with Treves and his wife , and is so overwhelmed by their kindness that he shows them his mother 's picture . He believes he must have been a `` disappointment '' to his mother , but hopes she would be proud to see him with his `` lovely friends '' . Merrick begins to take guests in his rooms , including the actress Madge Kendal , who introduces him to the work of Shakespeare . Merrick quickly becomes an object of curiosity to high society , and Mrs. Mothershead expresses concerns that he is still being put on display as a freak . Treves begins to question the morality of his actions . Meanwhile , a night porter named Jim starts selling tickets to locals , who come at night to gawk at the `` Elephant Man '' . </P> <P> The issue of Merrick 's residence is challenged at a hospital council meeting , but he is guaranteed permanent residence by command of the hospital 's royal patron , Queen Victoria , who sends word with her daughter - in - law Alexandra . However , Merrick is shortly kidnapped by Mr. Bytes during one of Jim 's raucous late night showings . Mr. Bytes leaves England and takes Merrick on the road as a circus attraction once again . Treves confronts Jim about what he has done , and Mrs. Mothershead fires him . </P> <P> Merrick escapes from Bytes with the help of his fellow freakshow attractions . Upon returning to London , he is harassed through Liverpool Street station by several young boys and accidentally knocks down a young girl . Merrick is chased , unmasked , and cornered by an angry mob . He cries , `` I am not an elephant ! I am not an animal ! I am a human being ! I ... am ... a ... man ! '' before collapsing . Policemen return Merrick to the hospital and Treves . He recovers some of his health , but is dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Treves and Mrs. Mothershead take Merrick to see one of Mrs. Kendal 's shows at the theatre , and Kendal dedicates the performance to him . A proud Merrick receives a standing ovation from the audience . Back at the hospital , Merrick thanks Treves for all he has done , and completes his church model . He lies down on his back in bed , imitating a sleeping child in a picture on his wall , and dies in his sleep . Merrick is consoled by a vision of his mother , who quotes Lord Tennyson 's `` Nothing Will Die '' . </P> <H2> Main cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> John Hurt as John Merrick , an intelligent , friendly and kind - hearted man who is feared by most people in his society because of his severe deformity </Li> <Li> Anthony Hopkins as Frederick Treves , a doctor who takes John from the freakshow to work in the hospital </Li> <Li> Anne Bancroft as Madge Kendal </Li> <Li> John Gielgud as Francis Carr - Gomm </Li> <Li> Wendy Hiller as Mrs Mothershead </Li> <Li> Freddie Jones as Mr. Bytes , the ringmaster ( based on Tom Norman ) </Li> <Li> Dexter Fletcher as Bytes ' boy </Li> <Li> Michael Elphick as Jim , the night porter </Li> <Li> Hannah Gordon as Ann Treves </Li> <Li> Helen Ryan as Alexandra , Princess of Wales </Li> <Li> John Standing as Fox </Li> <Li> Lesley Dunlop as Nora , Merrick 's nurse </Li> <Li> Phoebe Nicholls as Mary Jane Merrick </Li> <Li> Morgan Sheppard as man in pub </Li> <Li> Kenny Baker as plumed dwarf </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jonathan Sanger , the film 's producer , optioned the script from the writers Christopher Devore and Eric Bergen after receiving the script from his babysitter . Sanger had been working as Mel Brooks ' assistant director on High Anxiety . Sanger showed Brooks the script , which he read and decided to help finance the film through Brooksfilms , his new company . Brooks ' personal assistant , Stuart Cornfeld , suggested David Lynch to Sanger . </P> <P> Sanger met Lynch and they shared scripts they were working on ( The Elephant Man and Lynch 's Ronnie Rocket ) . Lynch told Sanger that he would love to direct the script after reading it , and Sanger endorsed him after hearing Lynch 's ideas . However , Brooks had not heard of David Lynch at the time . Sanger and Cornfeld set up a screening of Eraserhead at a screening room at 20th Century Fox , and Brooks loved it and enthusiastically let Lynch direct the film . By his own request , Brooks was not credited as executive producer to ensure that audiences would not expect a comedy after seeing his name attached to the film . </P> <P> For his second feature and first studio film albeit independently financed , David Lynch provided the musical direction and sound design . Lynch tried to design the make - up himself too , but the design did n't work . The makeup , now supervised by Christopher Tucker , was directly designed from casts of Merrick 's body , which had been kept in the Royal London Hospital 's private museum . The makeup took seven to eight hours to apply each day and two hours to delicately remove . John Hurt would arrive on set at 5am and shoot his scenes from noon until 10pm . When Hurt was having his first experiences with the inconveniences of applying make - up and having to perform with it , he called his wife saying `` I think they finally managed to make me hate acting . '' </P> <P> Because of the strain on the actor , he worked alternate days . Lynch originally wanted Jack Nance for the title character . `` But it just was n't in the cards , '' Lynch says ; the role went to John Hurt after Brooks , Lynch and Sanger saw his performance in The Naked Civil Servant as Quentin Crisp . </P> <P> Lynch bookended the film with surrealist sequences centered around Merrick 's mother and her death . Lynch used Samuel Barber 's Adagio for Strings to underline the end of the film and Merrick 's own death . When Lynch and Sanger screened The Elephant Man for Brooks after they returned from England with a cut , Brooks suggested some minor cuts but told them that the film would be released as they made it . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( November 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Elephant Man was met with critical acclaim . On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a 90 % rating , based on 41 reviews , with an average score of 8.4 / 10 . The site 's consensus reads , `` David Lynch 's relatively straight second feature finds an admirable synthesis of compassion and restraint in treating its subject , and features outstanding performances by John Hurt and Anthony Hopkins . '' </P> <P> Vincent Canby wrote : `` Mr. Hurt is truly remarkable . It ca n't be easy to act under such a heavy mask ... the physical production is beautiful , especially Freddie Francis 's black - and - white photography . '' </P> <P> A small number of critics were less favorable . Roger Ebert gave it 2 / 4 stars , writing : `` I kept asking myself what the film was really trying to say about the human condition as reflected by John Merrick , and I kept drawing blanks . '' In the book The Spectacle of Deformity : Freak Shows and Modern British Culture , Nadja Durbach describes the work as `` much more mawkish and moralising than one would expect from the leading postmodern surrealist filmmaker '' and `` unashamedly sentimental '' . She blamed this mawkishness on the use of Treves 's memoirs as source material . </P> <P> The Elephant Man has since been ranked among the best films of the 1980s in Time Out ( where it placed 19th ) and Paste ( 56th ) . The film also received five votes in the 2012 Sight & Sound polls

The role of the Elephant Man in the film was played by

Who played the elephant man in the film?

-4283216610904702043

Mom ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Mom ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mom </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Sitcom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chuck Lorre </Li> <Li> Eddie Gorodetsky </Li> <Li> Gemma Baker </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anna Faris </Li> <Li> Allison Janney </Li> <Li> Sadie Calvano </Li> <Li> Nate Corddry </Li> <Li> Matt Jones </Li> <Li> French Stewart </Li> <Li> Spencer Daniels </Li> <Li> Blake Garrett Rosenthal </Li> <Li> Mimi Kennedy </Li> <Li> Jaime Pressly </Li> <Li> Beth Hall </Li> <Li> William Fichtner </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Overture '' from Ruslan and Lyudmila by Mikhail Glinka </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 107 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chuck Lorre </Li> <Li> Eddie Gorodetsky </Li> <Li> Nick Bakay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 18 -- 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Chuck Lorre Productions Warner Bros. Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 23 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 23 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mom is an American sitcom that premiered on September 23 , 2013 , on CBS . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky , and Gemma Baker and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Television . It stars Anna Faris and Allison Janney in lead roles as dysfunctional daughter / mother duo Christy and Bonnie Plunkett . Sadie Calvano , Blake Garrett Rosenthal , Matt Jones , Spencer Daniels , Nate Corddry , French Stewart , William Fichtner , Beth Hall , Jaime Pressly and Mimi Kennedy appear in supporting roles . </P> <P> Mom has received acclaim from critics and audiences alike throughout its run with major appreciation drawn towards its writing and performances ( in particularly that of Janney 's ) . The show has received various accolades with Janney winning two consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015 and being nominated in 2016 and 2017 . The show has also garnered multiple nominations at the Critics ' Choice Television Awards and the People 's Choice Awards during its run . </P> <P> The show has consistently received high ratings , which rose from the first to second season with an average viewership of 11.79 million . CBS renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on November 5 , 2015 . On March 25 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on October 27 , 2016 . On March 23 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a fifth season , which premiered on November 2 , 2017 . </P> <P> On April 8 , 2018 , CBS renewed the show for a sixth season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 2.3 Notable guests </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Development </Li> <Li> 4.2 Casting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> Title card used for seasons 2 - 4 . <P> Mom follows Christy Plunkett ( Anna Faris ) , a single mother who , after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug abuse , decides to restart her life in Napa , California , working as a waitress and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings . Her mother Bonnie Plunkett ( Allison Janney ) is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict . Christy 's daughter , Violet ( Sadie Calvano ) , who was born when Christy was 16 , has also become a teen mother by her boyfriend , Luke ( Spencer Daniels ) . Christy also has a young son , Roscoe ( Blake Garrett Rosenthal ) by her ex-husband , Baxter ( Matt L. Jones ) , a deadbeat but likable pothead . As the show progresses , it adds themes of real - life issues such as alcoholism , teen pregnancy , cancer , homelessness , gambling addiction , domestic violence , death , obesity , rape , stroke , drug addiction , relapse and overdose . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Anna Faris as Christy Jolene Plunkett : a single mother who has gone four years without drinking and is still struggling with addiction and gambling . Now sober , she strives to be a good example to her son Roscoe , and regain the trust of her daughter Violet , who is revealed to be pregnant herself in the first episode . In addition , she is trying to iron out the rough edges in her relationship with her mother Bonnie , who never learned to play her role well and who would rather go out and drink than baby - sit . Christy later finds out that her biological father ran out on Bonnie on Christmas Eve , the day before Christy was born , and locates the man as a now - married father of two sons who runs an auto repair shop . </Li> <Li> Allison Janney as Bonnie Plunkett : Christy 's mother , a joyful if cynical recovering addict who is now grateful with life . She tries desperately to regain the love and trust of her daughter , whom she was unable to properly nurture as a child . In her teen time Bonnie started drinking at 15 years old . She was in the foster care system being ricocheted around from house to house when she kept running off with Alvin , she ended up plainly pregnant and had Christy however he abandoned them at the hospital and Bonnie nearly put Christy up for adoption . A pleasant Jewish couple was going to adopt her , yet Bonnie pulled out finally . From that point on , she attempted her best to raise Christy , however Christy wound up raising herself as Bonnie drank heavily and took tranquilizes and got back home late . A single mother , she preferred to party and drink rather than stay home . With time and much therapy , Bonnie managed to find the balance and now wants to catch up , revealing to Christy her past , including who her real father is and how to find him , as well as her past side career as a drug dealer . </Li> <Li> Sadie Calvano as Violet Plunkett ( main cast seasons 1 -- 3 ; recurring season 4 ) : Christy 's daughter and older half - sister of Roscoe . A senior in high school at the beginning of the series , Violet is hardworking , smart and sure of herself , though upset with her mother , who never had time to take care of her children and failed to fulfill a true motherly role despite now being sober for some time . After having her boyfriend Luke 's baby , Violet made the decision to place her baby for adoption because she felt that this was the best way to break her family 's repeated cycle of poor life choices and give her child a better chance than she , her mother , or her grandmother ever had . During season 2 , in a brief downward spiral of bad behavior , Violet cheats on Luke and he breaks up with her . She later gets engaged to Gregory Munchnik , a psychology professor at her university , but he breaks the engagement after she relapses - she has since been behaving in a gold digger-esque manner with other men . She got back together with Luke in Season 4 . </Li> <Li> Nate Corddry as Gabriel ( main cast seasons 1 -- 2 ) : the manager of the restaurant where Christy works . Married to a domineering woman who scares him somewhat , Gabriel and Christy are carrying on an affair which Christy later ends but which Gabriel himself frequently and desperately tries to renew : they briefly resume their affair in season 2 when Christy is promoted as his replacement . He is a hardworking , competent manager , but often put in his place by his subordinates , particularly Chef Rudy . </Li> <Li> Matt Jones as Baxter ( main cast seasons 1 -- 3 ; recurring season 4 ; guest season 5 ) : Christy 's ex-husband and the father of Roscoe . Sweet and charming , but very unstable , he is unable to maintain a serious relationship or steady work for much longer than a month . Loves easy life and frequently gets into fraudulent deals to make money . Despite his flaws , he is a loving father who usually comes through for his son . During season 2 , under the influence of his wealthy new girlfriend Candace , Baxter gives up his slacker ways and becomes a car salesman . </Li> <Li> French Stewart as Chef Rudy ( main cast seasons 1 -- 2 ; guest season 3 ) : the head chef for the restaurant where Christy works as a waitress . A dominant and difficult self - made man , Rudy acts superior in his relationships with others . He is boastful and arrogant , often yelling at his subordinates without mincing words and will not hesitate to humiliate anyone who opposes him . He is secretive about his past and distant from people , but briefly dates Bonnie at one point : during this time , he is revealed to be a ( bi ) sexual fetishist with expensive tastes and hobbies who enjoys stealing food from the restaurant . </Li> <Li> Spencer Daniels as Luke ( main cast season 1 ; recurring season 2 ; guest season 4 ) : a young student who loves to enjoy life and adventure . He had been dating Violet for a little over a year and got her pregnant . Luke is considerably airheaded , smoking marijuana often , but always tries to prove to Christy that he is not as crazy as he appears : he seems to genuinely love Violet , staying beside her and supporting her throughout her pregnancy , and he is often more sensitive towards Christy than her own children are , perhaps because his parents are religious fundamentalists with whom he does not connect . In season 2 , Violet , during her downward spiral , cheated on Luke and he broke up with Violet . By season 4 , Luke has apparently cleaned himself up and got a high - paying job with a video game company , driving Violet to get back together with him . </Li> <Li> Blake Garrett Rosenthal as Roscoe Plunkett ( main cast seasons 1 -- 3 ; recurring season 4 ) : Christy 's son by Baxter and half - brother of Violet . He eventually goes to live with his father and his father 's fiancé

The role of the mom on the TV show "Mom" is played by

Who plays the mom on the tv show mom?

8193895603691109728

Robinson ( name ) - wikipedia <H1> Robinson ( name ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Robinson . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Robinson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language ( s ) </Th> <Td> Old English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Origin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region of origin </Th> <Td> England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Meaning </Th> <Td> `` son of Robert '' ; `` Robert '' means `` fame - bright '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other names </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Variant ( s ) </Th> <Td> Hopkins , Robertson , Robyns , Robins , Robben , Robens , Robbings , Robeson , Robison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Footnotes : Frequency comparisons ; </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Robinson is an English language patronymic surname , originating in England . It means `` son of Robin ( a diminutive of Robert ) '' . There are similar surname spellings such as Robison and Robeson . Robinson is the 15th most common surname in the United Kingdom . According to the 1990 United States Census , Robinson was the twentieth most frequently encountered surname among those reported , accounting for 0.23 % of the population . </P> <P> In Ireland , Robinson is only really common in Ulster . The two names had been used interchangeably in some areas of the province around the beginning of the 20th century . It can also be an Anglicization of such Jewish surnames as Rabinowitz and Rubinstein . </P> <P> Robinson , the compound word , is a rare given name , while its derivative , Robin , has the distinction of being both a masculine and feminine given name . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Given name </Li> <Li> 2 Surname <Ul> <Li> 2.1 A -- D </Li> <Li> 2.2 E -- I </Li> <Li> 2.3 J -- M </Li> <Li> 2.4 N -- Z </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Given name ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Robinson Canó ( born 1982 ) , Dominican baseball player </Li> <Li> Robinson Crusoe , fictional eponymous hero of Daniel Defoe 's novel </Li> <Li> Robinson Jeffers ( 1887 -- 1962 ) , American poet </Li> <Li> Robinson Merchán ( born 1974 ) , Venezuelan road cyclist </Li> <Li> Robinson Odoch ( born 1989 ) , Ugandan basketball player </Li> <Li> Robinsón Pitalúa ( 1964 -- 1985 ) , Colombian boxer </Li> </Ul> <H2> Surname ( edit ) </H2> <H3> A -- D ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Abraham Robinson ( 1918 -- 1974 ) , German - American mathematician </Li> <Li> Alastair Robinson , British botanist </Li> <Li> Alastair Robinson ( rugby union ) ( born 1956 ) , New Zealand rugby union player </Li> <Li> Albert William Robinson ( 1877 -- 1943 ) Australian parliamentarian </Li> <Li> Alexander `` Buck Alec '' Robinson ( c. 1901 -- 1995 ) , Irish boxer , loyalist paramilitary and Ulster Special Constabulary reservist </Li> <Li> Allen Robinson ( born 1993 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Amy Robinson ( born 1948 ) , American actress and film producer </Li> <Li> Amy Robinson ( athlete ) , New Zealand field hockey and volleyball player </Li> <Li> Andrew Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Andy Robinson ( born 1964 ) , English rugby union coach and former player </Li> <Li> Angus Hargreaves Robinson ( 1907 -- 1973 ) , Australian grazier and ornithologist </Li> <Li> Anna Lynch - Robinson , costume designer </Li> <Li> Annot Robinson , née Wilkie , nicknamed Annie , ( 1874 -- 1925 ) , British pacifist and suffragette </Li> <Li> Anthony Charles Robinson ( born 1952 ) , English business speaker , author and micro-enterprise campaigner </Li> <Li> Arthur Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> A.N.R. Robinson ( born 1926 ) , the President ( 1997 -- 2003 ) and Prime Minister ( 1986 -- 1991 ) of Trinidad and Tobago </Li> <Li> Barbara Robinson ( author ) ( born 1927 ) , American children 's writer </Li> <Li> Basil Robinson ( RAF officer ) ( 1912 -- 1943 ) , pilot with RAF Bomber Command during World War II </Li> <Li> Basil Robinson ( cricketer ) ( 1919 -- 2012 ) , Canadian cricketer </Li> <Li> Basil William Robinson , British art scholar and author </Li> <Li> Benjamin Lincoln Robinson ( 1864 -- 1935 ) , American botanist </Li> <Li> Bernadette Robinson , Australian stage actress </Li> <Li> Bertram Fletcher Robinson ( 1870 -- 1907 ) , British journalist , editor , author and sportsperson </Li> <Li> Beth Robinson , member of the Supreme Court of Vermont </Li> <Li> Betty Robinson ( 1911 -- 1999 ) , American sprinter , winner of the first Olympic 100m for women </Li> <Li> Bill Robinson ( author ) ( 1918 -- 2007 ) , American editor , author and sailor </Li> <Li> Bishop Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Bo Robinson ( born 1956 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Brian Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Bryan Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Carl Robinson ( born 1976 ) , Welsh football player </Li> <Li> Charles M. Robinson III , American author and illustrator </Li> <Li> Charles Mulford Robinson ( 1869 -- 1917 ) , American city planner and journalist </Li> <Li> Charles W. Robinson ( born 1919 ) , American business person and entrepreneur </Li> <Li> Chris Robinson ( actor ) ( born 1938 ) , American film and television actor </Li> <Li> Claire Robinson ( born c. 1978 ) , American cook and television host </Li> <Li> Claude E. Robinson ( born 1900 ) , American pioneer in advertising and public opinion research </Li> <Li> Courtney Robinson ( born 1986 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Craig Robinson ( basketball ) ( born 1962 ) , American college basketball coach </Li> <Li> Cynthia Robinson ( 1944 -- 2015 ) , American trumpeter </Li> <Li> David Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> David Robinson ( basketball ) ( born 1965 ) , American basketball player </Li> <Li> Sir David Robinson ( philanthropist ) ( 1904 -- 1987 ) , British philanthropist and entrepreneur </Li> <Li> Denard Robinson ( born 1990 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Derek Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Douglas C Robinson ( 1884 -- 1963 ) , Gloucestershire cricketer </Li> <Li> Duncan Robinson , Master of Magdalene College , Cambridge , and art historian </Li> <Li> Dunta Robinson ( born 1982 ) , American NFL cornerback , playing for the Houston Texans </Li> </Ul> <H3> E -- I ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Earl Robinson ( 1910 -- 1991 ) , American singer - songwriter , father of Perry Robinson </Li> <Li> Eddie N. Robinson ( 1873 -- 1945 ) , American college football coach </Li> <Li> Edward Robinson ( scholar ) , American biblical scholar </Li> <Li> Edward G. Robinson ( 1893 -- 1973 ) , Romanian - American actor </Li> <Li> Edwin Arlington Robinson ( 1869 -- 1935 ) , American poet </Li> <Li> Eleanor Robinson ( swimmer ) ( born 2001 ) , British para-swimmer and Paralympic gold medalist </Li> <Li> Elisha Smith Robinson , ( 1817 -- 1885 ) , paper and packaging manufacturer of Bristol , England </Li> <Li> Eric Robinson ( veterinarian ) ( 1891 -- 1982 ) , South African veterinarian </Li> <Li> Ezekiel Gilman Robinson , ( 1815 -- 1894 ) , American Baptist clergyman </Li> <Li> Fiona Robinson ( born 1969 ) , Australian basketball and handball player </Li> <Li> Foster Robinson ( 1880 -- 1957 ) , Gloucestershire cricketer and businessman </Li> <Li> Frank Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Frank Norman Robinson ( 1911 -- 1997 ) , Australian wildlife sound recordist and ornithologist </Li> <Li> Frederick John Robinson , 1st Viscount Goderich ( 1782 -- 1859 ) , British statesman and prime minister </Li> <Li> Gene Robinson ( born 1947 ) , American , bishop of the Episcopal diocese of New Hampshire </Li> <Li> Sir George Best Robinson , 2nd Baronet ( 1797 -- 1855 ) , Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China </Li> <Li> George Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> George Robinson , 1st Marquess of Ripon ( 1827 -- 1909 ) , British politician </Li> <Li> Georgia Ann Robinson ( 1879 -- 1961 ) , American law enforcement officer and activist </Li> <Li> Gerald Robinson ( born 1938 ) , American priest , convicted of the murder of Margaret Ann Pahl </Li> <Li> Gerald Robinson ( American football ) ( born 1963 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Gerald Robinson ( basketball , born 1984 ) , American basketball player </Li> <Li> Gerald Robinson ( basketball , born 1989 ) , American basketball player </Li> <Li> Sir Gerry Robinson ( born 1948 ) , Irish - born British businessman </Li> <Li> Gertrude Maud Robinson , British organic chemist </Li> <Li> Gil Robinson , American football player </Li> <Li> Gilbert de Beauregard Robinson ( 1906 -- 1992 ) , Canadian mathematician </Li> <Li> Gilbert Robinson , rugby league footballer of the 1930s for Great Britain , Wakefield Trinity , and Castleford </Li> <Li> Glenn Robinson ( born 1973 ) , American basketball player </Li> <Li> Glenn Robinson III ( born 1994 ) , son of the above , also a basketball player </Li> <Li> Greg Robinson ( American football coach ) , American football coach </Li> <Li> Greg Robinson ( running back ) , American football running back </Li> <Li> Greg Robinson ( offensive tackle ) , American football offensive tackle </Li> <Li> Helen Ring Robinson ( 1878 -- 1923 ) , second woman to serve as a state senator in the United States </Li> <Li> Henry Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Herbert Christopher Robinson ( 1874 -- 1929 ) , British zoologist and ornithologist </Li> <Li> Hercules Robinson , 1st Baron Rosmead ( 1824 -- 1897 ) , British colonial administrator , Governor of Hong Kong </Li> <Li> Ian Robinson ( cricket umpire ) ( 1947 -- 2016 ) , Zimbabwean cricket umpire </Li> <Li> Iris Robinson ( born 1949 ) , Northern Irish politician </Li> </Ul> <H3> J -- M ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jack Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Jackie Robinson ( 1919 -- 1972 ) , first African - American Major League Baseball player </Li> <Li> James Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Jason Robinson ( rugby player ) ( born 1974 ) , English dual - code rugby international </Li> <Li> Jason Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Jennifer Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Jerry Robinson , comics artist </Li> <Li> Joan Robinson ( 1903 -- 1983 ) , British economist </Li> <Li> John Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Joyce Robinson ( 1925 -- 2013 ) , Jamaican public servant </Li> <Li> Julia Robinson ( née Bowman , 1919 -- 1985 ) , American mathematician , first female president of the AMS </Li> <Li> Keith Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Sir Ken Robinson ( educationalist ) ( born 1950 ) , British educationalist and author </Li> <Li> Ken Robinson ( field hockey ) ( born 1971 ) , New Zealand field hockey player </Li> <Li> Khalid Robinson ( born 1998 ) , American singer and songwriter known professionally as Khalid </Li> <Li> Khiry Robinson ( born 1989 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Kim Stanley Robinson , ( born 1952 ) , American science fiction writer </Li> <Li> Larry Robinson , ( born 1951 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Lionel Robinson ( 1866 -- 1922 ) , principal of Clark & Robinson , Australian stockbrokers and racehorse owners </Li> <Li> Lionel Keir Robinson ( 1897 -- 1983 ) antiquarian bookseller </Li> <Li> Lucius Robinson ( 1810 -- 1891 ) , New York Governor 1877 -- 1879 </Li> <Li> Lucy Robinson ( actress ) , British actress </Li> <Li> Luke Robinson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Luther Robinson ( born 1991 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Mark Robinson ( Northern Ireland politician ) , ( born 1959 ) , Northern Irish politician </Li> <Li> Mark Robinson (

The origin of the name Robinson is an

What is the origin of the name robinson?

-7269293650308767897

Cory Monteith - wikipedia <H1> Cory Monteith </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cory Monteith </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Monteith at Westfield Sydney in 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Cory Allan Michael Monteith ( 1982 - 05 - 11 ) May 11 , 1982 Calgary , Alberta , Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> July 13 , 2013 ( 2013 - 07 - 13 ) ( aged 31 ) Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Drug overdose </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Body discovered </Th> <Td> Fairmont Pacific Rim </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resting place </Th> <Td> Cremated in Vancouver </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Actor </Li> <Li> musician </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2004 -- 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> Finn Hudson on Glee </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Cory Allan Michael Monteith ( / mɒnˈtiːθ / ; May 11 , 1982 -- July 13 , 2013 ) was a Canadian actor and musician , known for his role as Finn Hudson on the Fox television series Glee . </P> <P> As an actor based in British Columbia , Monteith had minor roles on television series before being cast on Glee . Following his success in that show , Monteith 's film work included the movie Monte Carlo , and a starring role in Sisters & Brothers . </P> <P> Monteith had a troubled adolescence involving substance abuse from age 13 ; he left school at age 16 . After an intervention by family and friends he entered drug rehabilitation at age 19 . In a 2011 interview with Parade magazine , he discussed his history of substance abuse as a teen , and in March 2013 , he again sought treatment for addiction . On July 13 , 2013 , he died of a toxic combination of heroin and alcohol in a Vancouver hotel room . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early years </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Glee </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Substance abuse </Li> <Li> 3.2 Death </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 Discography </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early years ( edit ) </H2> <P> Monteith was born in Calgary , Alberta , on May 11 , 1982 , the younger son of Ann McGregor , an interior decorator , and Joe Monteith , a military man who served in the Princess Patricia 's Canadian Light Infantry . He had an older brother named Shaun . Monteith 's parents divorced when he was seven years old , and he and his older brother were raised by their mother in Victoria , British Columbia . After the divorce he saw little of his father due to Joe Monteith 's military service , and he had social difficulties at school . From age 13 , he used alcohol and marijuana and started being truant from school . </P> <P> After attending 16 schools , including alternative programs for troubled teens , Monteith dropped out altogether at age 16 . By that time , his drug and alcohol dependency had increased and Monteith turned to petty crimes , such as stealing money from friends and family , to fund his addictions . His mother and a group of friends staged an intervention when he was 19 , and he began attending a rehabilitation program . Monteith stated , `` I 'm lucky on so many counts . I 'm lucky to be alive . '' He eventually received his high school diploma in 2011 from an alternative school he attended in his youth in Victoria . </P> <P> Before breaking into show business , Monteith worked various jobs , including Walmart people greeter , taxicab driver , mechanic , school bus driver , and roofer . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Monteith began his acting career in Vancouver , British Columbia . He played minor roles in Final Destination 3 , Whisper , and Deck the Halls . He had a recurring role in Kyle XY . He also made guest appearances in television serials such as Smallville , Supernatural , Flash Gordon , Stargate Atlantis , and Stargate SG - 1 . In 2005 , he appeared in Killer Bash , about a tormented geek 's soul that was taking revenge on his murderer 's children by taking over a girl 's twin body . The following year , he made a brief appearance in Urban Legend : a Bloody Mary . Monteith did acting classes with Anthony Meindl . In 2007 , he starred in the MTV series Kaya as Gunnar . In April 2010 , Monteith was cast in the romantic comedy movie Monte Carlo . In December 2010 , it was announced that Monteith would be starring in and co-producing a new untitled workplace - caper comedy for Fox 2000 . </P> <P> In January 2011 , Monteith shot the film Sisters & Brothers with Dustin Milligan , which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11 , 2011 . Canadian director Gia Milani 's film All The Wrong Reasons stars Monteith as `` a big box department store manager whose wife is struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder . '' Milani suggests he was excited to play his own age , in a `` heavy role . '' He filmed his part on weekdays , flying to Los Angeles on weekends to do promotional work for Glee . </P> <P> In 2011 , Monteith filmed a PSA for Straight But Not Narrow , an online PSA organization aimed at changing the minds of young straight people in their attitude and viewpoint towards the LGBT community . In 2012 , he hosted the 23rd GLAAD Media Awards in New York City with co-star Naya Rivera . On August 8 , 2010 , he co-hosted the Teen Choice Awards . Monteith hosted the Gemini Awards in Toronto on November 13 , 2010 . </P> <H3> Glee ( edit ) </H3> Cory Monteith at the 2010 GLAAD Media Awards <P> In 2009 , Monteith was cast in the Fox series Glee . He portrayed Finn Hudson . When Glee was being cast , Monteith 's agent , Elena Kirschner , submitted a video of him drumming with some pencils and Tupperware containers . Series creator Ryan Murphy took notice of the video , but pointed out that he had to be singing , as auditioning actors for Glee with no theatrical experience were required to prove they could sing and dance as well as act . Monteith submitted a second , musical tape , in which he sang , in his own words , `` a cheesy ' 80s music video - style version '' of REO Speedwagon 's `` Ca n't Fight This Feeling '' . He then attended a mass audition in Los Angeles ; his vocal skills were considered weak , but he later performed very well with one of Glee 's casting directors , who said that his audition captured the most elusive quality of Finn 's : his `` naive , but not stupid , sweetness . '' Monteith said of his casting process , `` I was like a lot of kids , looking for something to be interested in . Something to be passionate about . All you need is permission . Not only for Glee , but for anything in life . '' </P> <P> Finn is the star quarterback of his high school football team , and risks alienation from his friends by joining the school 's glee club . He is a popular jock at the top of the school 's social hierarchy , but when forced to join the glee club , he finds he loves it . His storylines have seen him struggle with his decision to stay in the club , which is at the bottom of the social ladder , while he maintains his popular reputation and the respect of the other jocks . The character must deal with his attraction to both head cheerleader Quinn Fabray ( Dianna Agron ) and glee club star singer Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , and his storylines increasingly focus on his relationship with them both . </P> <P> Monteith felt that Finn had to `` grow up a lot '' during his time on the show . The actor said , `` Finn started off as the stereotypical dumb jock but as the show has gone on , Finn 's not dumb anymore , really , he 's just a little naïve '' . Early reviews of Finn from television critics were mixed ; Todd VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club said that he and Michele were `` both agreeable and a little desperate for an outlet '' in the pilot episode . Commenting on the fifth episode of the first season , Eric Goldman of IGN wrote , `` We got to see a bit of a darker side to Finn ( ... ) it 's good to see this , because up until now , Finn 's been a bit too strait - laced to totally invest in '' . In the second season 's eighth episode , `` Furt '' , Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly noted `` It 's been a while since we 've gotten some Finn focus , and I think I just missed Cory Monteith . But I also forgot what a good , natural actor he can be '' . Monteith as Finn won the 2011 Teen Choice Award for Choice TV : Actor Comedy , and was nominated in the same category in 2010 . Although he was not a singer before being cast as Finn , Monteith sang lead or joint lead on a large number of songs on the show . </P> <P> In May 2010 , the cast of Glee went on a two - week live tour with stops in Los Angeles , Phoenix , Chicago , and New York City . The cast performed hits from the show and several skits between songs . The following May , the cast went on a second tour with mostly new songs and all - new skits , performing for four weeks in the U.S. and Canada , and 11 days in England and Ireland . </P> <P> On July 20 , 2013 , Ryan Murphy stated in various media outlets that Monteith was set to have a tribute in the third episode of season five , which also dealt with the death of his character , Finn Hudson . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Monteith began working with American actress Lea Michele in 2008 , when they were cast as love interests on Glee . In early 2012 , the media reported that they had begun dating . They remained together until his death a year and a half later . In December 2013 , a few months after Monteith 's death , Lea Michele stated that he was a very private person . Michele has written a couple of songs about Monteith after his death . Her first song was `` If You Say So '' , which she wrote a week after he died and is about the last words he said to her . In April 2017 , Michele also released a new song called `` Hey You '' , which is about Monteith and follows up from her song `` If You Say So '' . </P> <H3> Substance abuse ( edit ) </H3> <P> On March 31 , 2013 , Monteith 's publicist announced that Monteith had admitted himself into a treatment facility for substance addiction . He had previously received substance abuse treatment , when he was 19 , following a history of drug use that began around the age of 12 . According to Glee

The actor who tragically passed away from the popular TV show Glee was

Who was the guy who died in glee?

-7565739765702854010

Richard Keith ( actor ) - wikipedia <H1> Richard Keith ( actor ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Little Ricky '' redirects here . For the Lucy fictional character , see Ricky Ricardo , Jr . For the football player , see Keith Thibodeaux ( American football ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification . Please help by adding reliable sources . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous or harmful . ( June 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> With Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz on I Love Lucy ( 1956 ) <P> Keith Thibodeaux ( born December 1 , 1950 ) is a former American child actor of television and film and musician , best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcom 's I Love Lucy and The Lucy - Desi Comedy Hour , his last name `` Thibodeaux '' which was Cajun French was changed by co-star Desi Arnaz , to `` Keith '' because his surname was more difficult to pronounce . He is the last living regular appearing cast member from I Love Lucy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Career </Li> <Li> 2 Personal life </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> From left : Thibodeaux , Dinah Shore , Desi Arnaz , Jr. and Desi Arnaz , Sr. , 1960 . <P> Thibodeaux is a musician who showed skill on the drums at a young age . Thibodeaux was making $500 a week at the age of 3 , touring with the Horace Heidt Orchestra , when he was `` discovered '' by Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball , who hired him for the role of `` Little Ricky '' on the I Love Lucy show because he looked so much like Desi . He frequently played the drums on the show . </P> <P> Jan 19 , 1953 , was the television birthday of `` Little Ricky , Jr. , '' which is also the real birthday of Desi Arnaz , Jr . However , only two years later , the part of Little Ricky was cast and played by five year old Thibodeaux . </P> <P> According to Lucie Arnaz , who was interviewed on the TV show Archive of American Television he became like part of the family . `` Desi considered him his best friend and was responsible for teaching him the drums . He came over our house on many weekends and traveled with them during the summer . My mother kind of adopted him . He is in all of our home movies and photograph 's and was a great kid and still is . '' ( EmmyTVLegends.org ) </P> <P> As a child , he made numerous appearances on The Andy Griffith Show , between 1962 and 1966 , as Opie 's friend `` Johnny Paul Jason '' . He also accepted small roles on other popular television shows . </P> <P> In 1969 , Thibodeaux joined the rock group David and the Giants who were based in Laurel , Mississippi . The group recorded in its early years with Capitol Records , Fame Records , and Crazy Horse Records , primarily touring throughout the South , and enjoyed a few regional hits which were recorded in Muscle Shoals , Alabama . and were well known in the Northern Soul music scene in England . After turning 21 in 1971 , Keith received the final payment of $8000 , according to his autobiography Life After Lucy , from a trust fund set up during his days on I Love Lucy . He spent half of that payment on a sports car and the rest on sound equipment for the band and clothes , drugs , and whatever he wanted . He went through the whole $8000 in about two weeks according to his autobiography Life After Lucy . </P> <P> Thibodeaux had developed a drug problem and eventually left the band , which broke up . His difficulties led to his becoming a born - again Christian in 1974 . He witnessed to the leader of the band David Huff and the other members which later converted and the group got back together . The band released nearly ten albums in the 1980s and 1990s for CBS Priority Records ( Epic Records ) , The Benson Company , ABC Word Records ( Myrrh ) label , and the band 's own label Giant Records . David and the Giants released a live CD in 2014 titled Still Rockin . In 2017 the band was honored along with other notable Mississippi musicians such as ( Steve Forbert , Tammy Wynette , George Soule , and Elvis ) by receiving `` The Jimmie '' Mississippi Dreamers ( Jimmie Rodgers Award ) for their musical contributions as Mississippi artists at a special concert at Peavey Electronics Corporate headquarters in Meridian , Ms. along with Hartley Peavey . </P> <P> A live concert CD / DVD was recorded in St. Louis , Mo. in August of 2017 celebrating 40 years of David and the Giants music . </P> <P> In 1990 , he became the Executive Director for his wife 's company , Ballet Magnificat ! . In 2017 the couple pioneered Ballet Magnificat ! Brasil dance company and trainee program headquartered in Curitiba , Brazil . </P> <P> Thibodeaux 's role in I Love Lucy is featured in the Lucille Ball -- Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown , New York . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Raised as a Roman Catholic , Thibodeaux went to school at St. Victor 's elementary in West Hollywood and St. Jane Frances de Chantel in North Hollywood . He attended Notre Dame High in Sherman Oaks for two years before his parents separated in 1966 . </P> <P> After his parents separated , Keith , his mother , and siblings moved back to Lafayette , Louisiana . He graduated from Lafayette High School where he continued to play drums in rock and rhythm and blues bands . He left Louisiana for Mississippi in late 1969 after going to college for a short period where he said he `` majored in drinking beer and playing pool '' to pursue a career with the band David and the Giants . </P> <P> In 1976 , he met and married a ballet dancer named Kathy Denton in Jackson , Mississippi . The couple moved briefly to Southern California in 1977 where he was asked to join the pop band Starbuck famous for the late 70s hit `` Moonlight Feels Right '' . </P> <P> After 2 weeks of rehearsals in Atlanta , Thibodeaux returned to Mississippi in 1978 , where he , his wife and daughter Tara ( born 1979 ) eventually settled in Jackson , Mississippi . Thibodeaux played with jazz bands locally for a brief time before joining a newly revamped Christian David and the Giants in 1979 . </P> <P> His wife , Kathy , Founder and Artistic Director of Ballet Magnificat ! , was a former principal dancer of Ballet Mississippi who won a Silver Medal in the Senior Division of the 1982 II USA IBC International Ballet Competition </P> <P> Their daughter , ( Tara ) , also a dancer and choreographer , was a semi-finalist at the age of 15 in the V USA IBC International Ballet Competition held in 1994 . In 2001 and 2002 she was an Atlanta Hawks cheerleader . She was awarded the prestigious Outstanding Choreographer Award at the 2017 Youth American Grand Prix in Chicago for her `` Dying Swan '' and has set choreography for Ballet Magnificat `` The Arrival '' and `` Stratagem '' . She is currently teaching and training young dancers in Nashville , Tennessee . She married Bryce Drew in 2004 who is the head basketball coach of Vanderbilt University . He is famous for `` The Shot '' in the 1998 NCAA Sweet Sixteen Tournament . Drew was a 1st round draft pick in the NBA and played professionally for six seasons for the Chicago Bulls , Houston Rockets , and Charlotte Hornets . </P> <P> Thibodeaux 's autobiography Life After Lucy was published in 1994 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Heldenfels , Rich ( 2011 - 11 - 17 ) . `` Mailbag : What ever became of Little Ricky ? How did Stabler leave SVU ? '' . Akron Beacon - Journal . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 18 . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Bernard , Shane ( 2003 ) . The Cajuns : Americanization of a People . University Press of Mississippi . ISBN 1 - 57806 - 523 - 2 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Richard Keith on IMDb </Li> <Li> Ballet Magnificat ! website </Li> <Li> Keith Thibodeaux : best quotes </Li> <Li> David and the Giants website </Li> <Li> Keith Thibodeaux interview video at the Archive of American Television </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 41075384 </Li> <Li> LCCN : n94094975 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Keith_(actor)&oldid=807352694 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1950 births </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> American male child actors </Li> <Li> American male film actors </Li> <Li> American male television actors </Li> <Li> American Christians </Li> <Li> American male musicians </Li> <Li> American musicians </Li> <Li> Converts to Protestantism </Li> <Li> Notre Dame High School ( Sherman Oaks , California ) alumni </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> BLP articles lacking sources from June 2013 </Li> <Li> All BLP articles lacking sources </Li> <Li> Articles using Template : EmmyTVLegends name </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Português </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 October 2017 , at 12 : 27 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The role of Little Ricky on the I Love Lucy show was played by

Who played little ricky on i love lucy show?

7764178920279721699

The Path ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> The Path ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Path </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Drama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Jessica Goldberg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aaron Paul </Li> <Li> Michelle Monaghan </Li> <Li> Emma Greenwell </Li> <Li> Rockmond Dunbar </Li> <Li> Kyle Allen </Li> <Li> Amy Forsyth </Li> <Li> Sarah Jones </Li> <Li> Hugh Dancy </Li> <Li> Paul James </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Will Bates </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 36 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jason Katims </Li> <Li> Michelle Lee </Li> <Li> Jessica Goldberg </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aaron Paul </Li> <Li> Michelle Monaghan </Li> <Li> Hugh Dancy </Li> <Li> Devin Rich </Li> <Li> Diana Schmidt </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Single - camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 46 -- 56 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> True Jack Productions </Li> <Li> Refuge , Inc . </Li> <Li> Universal Television </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> NBCUniversal Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Hulu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> March 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 30 ) -- March 28 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 28 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Path is an American drama web television series created by Jessica Goldberg and starring Aaron Paul , Michelle Monaghan , and Hugh Dancy . The show portrays members of a fictional religion known as Meyerism . </P> <P> The series was ordered by Hulu in March 2015 with a straight 10 - episode order . The series was originally titled The Way , but was changed to The Path in September 2015 due to its similarity to real - life ministry and alleged cult , The Way International . The show debuted on March 30 , 2016 . On May 4 , 2016 , Hulu renewed the series for a second season , which premiered on January 25 , 2017 . On April 12 , 2017 , Hulu renewed the series for a 13 - episode third season , which premiered on January 17 , 2018 . </P> <P> On April 23 , 2018 , Jessica Goldberg announced via Twitter that The Path will not be renewed for a fourth season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Meyerism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 1 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 2 ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> 3.4 Season 3 ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Production </Li> <Li> 5 Accolades </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 Controversy </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eddie Lane lives in Upstate New York with his wife Sarah and their two children , Hawk and Summer . They are all members of the Meyerist Movement , which combines aspects of New Age philosophy , shamanism , Scientology , Christian mysticism and Utopianism with a few elements from the Shakers , Sufism , Tibetan Buddhism and Freemasonry ritual . Eddie returns from Peru , where he had undergone a spiritual retreat designed to advance him further up Meyerism 's spiritual ladder . Unbeknownst to his family , while in Peru , Eddie experienced a revelation which causes him to question his faith in Meyerism . Meanwhile , Cal Roberts , a friend of Sarah 's and one of Meyerism 's top leaders , is looking to expand their influence and deal with the imminent death of their founder , Doctor Stephen Meyer . </P> <H3> Meyerism ( edit ) </H3> <P> Meyerism is a fictional movement in the series founded by Dr. Stephen Meyer . In the show 's mythology , on October 28 , 1974 , Meyer literally climbed a ladder of burning light to receive the message of universal truth . Meyer gave to his followers the instructions for their spiritual development , written in the first book of Meyerism , The Ladder . Meyerists believe that all people are damaged which is the cause of the world 's suffering . Through personal enlightenment , they seek to become aware of suffering in themselves and others , and to heal the world , caring deeply about family , humanity and the environment . In this way and others , they create the heavenly Garden of Meyer 's vision here on earth . However , The Ladder foretells that their efforts will be thwarted by non-believers or Ignorant Systemites ( I.S. ) whose selfish actions will result in an apocalypse ; but those who ascend The Ladder of Enlightenment will live forever in The Garden . </P> <P> The Movement claims 6000 members with facilities located in San Diego , California , and Parksdale , New York , with a retreat center located in Cusco , Peru . Most practice Meyerism in everyday lives , while others have taken vows of service and dedicate themselves to counseling , recruitment and outreach programs . However , founder Stephen Meyer warned against media attention , that the movement should remain small and publicity should be kept to a minimum . Spiritual progress is evaluated on an ascending series of rungs from 1R to 10R , with many decisions made by the senior membership or Upper Rungs ( U.R. ) . Meyerists practice meditation and use biofeedback devices and drugs -- including ayahuasca and cannabis -- to aid in reaching deeper levels of consciousness , and put considerable stock in visions and intuition which are believed to be The Light trying to communicate with them . </P> <P> A Vanity Fair analysis of the show 's first episode described Meyerism as `` inspired by a grab bag of religious practices and cult beliefs '' . The show 's creator , Jessica Goldberg , specifically refutes comparisons to Scientology . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Aaron Paul as Eddie Lane : A convert to Meyerism with a wayward past . Eddie suffers a crisis of faith when all that he has come to accept as truth is fundamentally challenged . </Li> <Li> Hugh Dancy as Calvin `` Cal '' Roberts : The charismatic , unofficial leader of The Meyerist Movement . His ambition puts him at odds with the organization 's existing leadership and roils Sarah and Eddie 's already turbulent marriage . </Li> <Li> Michelle Monaghan as Sarah Lane ( née Armstrong ) : Born into a Meyerist family , Sarah 's compassion and authority have made her an important figure in The Movement . Her devotion , however , is tested when she uncovers her husband 's falsehoods . </Li> <Li> Emma Greenwell as Mary Cox : An addict who 's been saved by Cal and a team of Meyerists after a tornado leveled her hometown . Now freed from a life of abuse , she becomes infatuated with Cal and devotes herself entirely to The Movement . </Li> <Li> Rockmond Dunbar as Agent Abe Gaines ( seasons 1 - 2 ) : An FBI investigator who seems to be the only agent suspicious of the mysterious religious sect that recently responded to a natural disaster . As he delves deeper into the investigation , he faces personal troubles at home and is forced to reflect on his own faith . </Li> <Li> Kyle Allen as Hawk Lane : Eddie and Sarah 's devoted teenage son who wants nothing more than to drop out of high school and join The Movement full - time . His loyalty wavers when a popular classmate pursues a relationship with him . </Li> <Li> Amy Forsyth as Ashley Fields ( starring season 1 ; recurring season 2 ) : A popular girl at Hawk 's school who would normally have nothing to do with `` a weird cult kid . '' After a financial crisis hits home , she turns to Hawk and his family for help . </Li> <Li> Sarah Jones as Alison Kemp ( season 1 ) : A defector of Meyerism who holds The Movement responsible for the mysterious death of her husband . She employs Eddie 's help in a search for answers and redemptions . </Li> <Li> Paul James as Sean Egan ( recurring season 1 , starring season 2 ) : A novice member of the Meyerist Movement who begins to date Mary when she joins the Movement . Sean 's sister was shot and killed in a school shooting , which led him to join the Movement . </Li> <Li> Freida Pinto as Vera Stephans ( season 3 ) : Eddie 's publicist . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Clark Middleton as Richard </Li> <Li> Minka Kelly as Miranda Frank </Li> <Li> Keir Dullea as Dr. Stephen Meyer </Li> <Li> Peter Friedman as Hank Armstrong </Li> <Li> Deirdre O'Connell as Gab Armstrong </Li> <Li> Brian Stokes Mitchell as Bill </Li> <Li> Adriane Lenox as Felicia </Li> <Li> Patch Darragh as Russel Armstrong </Li> <Li> Ali Ahn as Nicole Armstrong </Li> <Li> Stephanie Hsu as Joy Armstrong </Li> <Li> Allison Layman as Shelby </Li> <Li> Steve Mones as Silas </Li> <Li> Kathleen Turner as Brenda Roberts </Li> <Li> Aimee Laurence as Summer Lane </Li> <Li> James Remar as Kodiak </Li> <Li> Britne Oldford as Noa </Li> <Li> Michael Countryman as John Ridge </Li> <Li> Kaili Vernoff as Kerry Ridge </Li> <Li> Matt Bailey as Mark Penetti </Li> <Li> Max Ehrich as Freddie Ridge </Li> <Li> Jeb Brown as Wesley Cox </Li> <Li> Leven Rambin as Chloe Jones </Li> <Li> Whitney Crowder as Betsy </Li> <Li> Ali Marsh as Meg Fields </Li> <Li> Kaili Vernoff as Kerry Ridge </Li> <Li> Alexa Landeau as Tessa </Li> <Li> Vincent Kartheiser as Congressman Buck Harbaugh </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Series overview ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> March 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> May 25 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> January 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> April 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> January 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> March 28 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 28 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2016 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` What the Fire Throws '' </Td> <Td> Mike Cahill </Td> <Td> Jessica Goldberg </Td> <Td> March 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 30 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The faith around which Eddie Lane has centered his life is shaken when , during a sacred

The show "The Path" takes place in

Where does the show the path take place?

8629361239676995856

Clash Royale - wikipedia <H1> Clash Royale </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Clash Royale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Supercell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Supercell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> iOS , Android </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> WW : March 2 , 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Strategy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Multiplayer </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Clash Royale is a freemium mobile tower rush video game developed and published by Supercell . The game combines elements from collectible card games , tower defense , and multiplayer online battle arena . The game was released globally on March 2 , 2016 . Clash Royale reached $1 billion in revenue in less than a year on the market . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Gameplay <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Cards </Li> <Li> 1.2 Currency </Li> <Li> 1.3 Chests </Li> <Li> 1.4 Clans </Li> <Li> 1.5 Clan Wars </Li> <Li> 1.6 Tournaments </Li> <Li> 1.7 Leagues </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Release </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Crown championship </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Gameplay </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> A player has just destroyed another player 's tower in Clash Royale . <P> In Clash Royale , players are ranked by their trophy count . Players level up by gaining experience points through donating and / or upgrading cards . The highest possible level is level 13 . </P> <P> Trophies are won or lost through multiplayer battles - a player wins a battle by destroying more towers than the opponent ( each destroyed tower being represented as a ' crown ' ) , or by destroying the opponent 's King 's Tower , resulting in an automatic `` three - crown '' victory ( unless the King tower was destroyed at the same time by both players , resulting in a draw ) . </P> <P> There are 12 playing arenas in total ( excluding the tutorial arena , Training Camp ) : Goblin Stadium , Bone Pit , Barbarian Bowl , P.E.K.K.A 's Playhouse , Spell Valley , Builder 's Workshop , Royal Arena , Frozen Peak , Jungle Arena , Hog Mountain , Electro Valley , and Legendary Arena , with each arena corresponding to a certain trophy count range . </P> <H3> Cards </H3> <P> Playable units , buildings , and spells are represented as cards . Prior to each battle ( with the exception of the first battle in training Camp ) , players construct a deck of eight cards which they use to attack and defend against their opponent 's cards . At the start of each game , both players begin with four randomly chosen cards from their deck of eight . </P> <P> Each card costs a certain amount of elixir to play . Players start the battle with 5 elixir points ( 0 in Double and Triple Elixir modes ) , and one elixir point is replenished every 2.8 seconds ( or 1.4 seconds in the final 60 seconds of the game and overtime , and every 0.9 seconds during Triple Elixir ) , with a maximum of 10 elixir points at any one moment . Once a card is played , a new card is automatically drawn from the player 's eight card deck . </P> <P> As of April 2018 there are 83 cards in the game , coming in four rarities : Common , Rare , Epic , and Legendary , with Legendary being the rarest . </P> <H3> Currency </H3> <P> As a free - to - play game , Clash Royale offers players the ability to purchase gems in the card shop using real currency . Gems can be used to start tournaments , enter challenges , and purchase chests , cards , and gold from the shop . There are also Special Offers that appear from time to time . </P> <H3> Chests </H3> <P> When a player wins a multiplayer battle , they will obtain a ' chest ' unless the player 's chest slots are full . Chests take a certain amount of time to unlock , depending on the rarity of the chest ; Silver Chests take three hours to unlock , Golden Chests take eight hours , Giant , Magical , and Epic Chests take 12 hours , and Super Magical and Legendary Chests take 24 hours . Gems may be used to speed up unlocking or can be used to purchase a chest . Chests contain cards and gold , and free chests and crown chests can also contain gems . Different levels of chests contain different numbers or types of cards . When the player has a certain number of a troop 's cards , they can upgrade it , using gold , to increase its statistics . A player can hold a maximum of four chests at one time ; to open up chest slots , a chest will need to be opened . Every 24 hours , the player also has the chance to win a Crown Chest by claiming ten ' crowns ' from battle victories . A Clan Chest appears from Friday at midnight to Monday at midnight ( time varies for different areas ) . There are ten stages to it , with each stage increasing the reward . Crown chests are only allowed to be stacked twice and can be unlocked instantly . The free chests are now available daily as quests , where players can collect up to 3 chests / gifts a day at 4 hour intervals . 3 new chests within the new update were announced on December 11 , 2017 featuring the Lightning Chest , Fortune Chest , & King 's Chest / Legendary King 's Chest . These chests can only be bought from the shop or earned as Quests , and each has its unique ability . The Lightning Chest allows you to `` strike '' up to 5 times to get a different stack of cards , of the same number and rarity . The Fortune Chest guarantees at least two stacks of cards from four stacks that change daily . The ( Legendary ) King 's Chest allows the player to choose one card from a pair of cards multiple times , similar to a draft chest , and at Arenas 7 or above , guarantees a Legendary . </P> <H3> Clans </H3> Gameplay of the Clan Battles Gamemode ; a 4 person clan vs. clan gamemode . <P> From level 1 , players can form and join clans . Clan members may engage in 1 vs 1 or 2 vs 2 friendly battles with one another , where the outcome of which does not affect trophies or chests . The friendly battle feature allows live spectating from other clanmates . Clan members may also donate or request cards from one another starting from level three . Joining a clan allows you to take part in the Clan Wars ( where you battle with your clan ) . </P> <H3> Clan Wars </H3> <P> During the April 2018 update released April 25th , a new Clan Wars feature was added . Clan Wars consists of clans attacking other clans to get better rewards in the form of special chests . Clan Chests were also removed in the update and replaced with the new Clan War chests . </P> <H3> Tournaments </H3> <P> In July 2016 , Supercell introduced a new Tournament feature . Tournaments are similar to normal battles , but cards are leveled down so commons are level 9 , rares are level 7 , epics are level 4 , and legendary cards are level 1 . This feature is unlocked at Level 5 , but can only be played at level 8 . Tournaments can only be created by using gems , and the creator can choose to make it password protected or open . Based on tournament performance , players are rewarded with tournament chests . As well as tournaments , there are two types of Victory Challenges in which the goal is to win 12 times while losing no more than three times . A Grand Challenge costs 100 gems to enter , and a Classic Challenge costs 10 . Completing ( or getting 12 wins on ) a Classic Challenge gives you 2000 gold and 100 cards , and completing a Grand Challenge will give you 22,000 gold and 1,100 cards . Supercell has also added various event challenges , for limited periods of time , that add special features to the battles , or allow players to receive special cards . These event challenges can also be played in Friendly Battles . As of the October 2017 update , players would no longer get a refund on gems if no matches take place in their custom tournaments . </P> <H3> Leagues </H3> <P> In March 2017 , `` Leagues '' were added to the game . Once above 4000 trophies , players are placed in one of nine different leagues ranging from Challenger I to Ultimate Champion . At the end of each season , players receive rewards based on the highest league achieved during that season . Another feature that was introduced is Clan Battles . Two players get to battle side by side with another member of their clan facing off against two other opponents from another clan . This is the first update to include a new game mode . </P> <H2> Release </H2> <P> The game was soft - launched in Canada , Hong Kong , Australia , Sweden , Norway , Denmark , Iceland , Finland and New Zealand for iOS platforms on January 4 , 2016 . The game was soft - launched on Android for those same countries on February 16 , 2016 in the form of an Android application package . Both platforms received a global release on March 2 , 2016 . </P> <P> Upon its release , Clash Royale became the most downloaded and top - grossing app on the U.S. iOS App Store . </P> <H2> Reception </H2> <P> Clash Royale mainly received positive reviews , with TouchArcade 's Eli Hodapp calling it `` absolutely phenomenal '' in his five - star review . Pocket Gamer 's Harry Slater gave the game a score of 9 / 10 , summing up `` It 's an incredible amount of rewarding fun , it 's nail - biting at times , and there 's content here that will keep you busy for weeks if not months . '' Writing for Geek.com , James Plafke criticized `` Clash Royale for being genuinely fun -- more so than Clash of Clans -- while the developer chronically interrupts the player from enjoying it . '' Clash Royale has received a very positive response from its players , with an average score of 4.5 out of 5 on the Google Play Store and an average score of 4 out of 5 on the Apple App Store . </P> <H2> Crown Championship </H2> <P> The Clash Royale Crown Championship is the official e-sports world championship of the game , developed by Supercell . The tournament connects the best players all over the world from North America , Asia , Latin America , Europe , and more . The first edition had over 28 million participants all over the world , becoming the world 's largest Clash Royale event . The first Clash Royale world champion was the Mexican Sergio Ramos who beat the American MusicMaster

Clash Royale was released in the US on

When was clash royale released in the us?

-4547964088178664460

Schadenfreude - Wikipedia <H1> Schadenfreude </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the EP by Lubricated Goat , see Schadenfreude ( EP ) . Return to the Convent , by Eduardo Zamacois y Zabala , 1868 . Note the group of monks laughing while the lone monk struggles with the donkey . <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Emotions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Affection </Li> <Li> Anger </Li> <Li> Angst </Li> <Li> Anguish </Li> <Li> Annoyance </Li> <Li> Anticipation </Li> <Li> Anxiety </Li> <Li> Apathy </Li> <Li> Arousal </Li> <Li> Awe </Li> <Li> Boredom </Li> <Li> Confidence </Li> <Li> Contempt </Li> <Li> Contentment </Li> <Li> Courage </Li> <Li> Curiosity </Li> <Li> Depression </Li> <Li> Desire </Li> <Li> Despair </Li> <Li> Disappointment </Li> <Li> Disgust </Li> <Li> Distrust </Li> <Li> Ecstasy </Li> <Li> Embarrassment </Li> <Li> Empathy </Li> <Li> Enthusiasm </Li> <Li> Envy </Li> <Li> Euphoria </Li> <Li> Fear </Li> <Li> Frustration </Li> <Li> Gratitude </Li> <Li> Grief </Li> <Li> Guilt </Li> <Li> Happiness </Li> <Li> Hatred </Li> <Li> Hope </Li> <Li> Horror </Li> <Li> Hostility </Li> <Li> Humiliation </Li> <Li> Interest </Li> <Li> Jealousy </Li> <Li> Joy </Li> <Li> Loneliness </Li> <Li> Love </Li> <Li> Lust </Li> <Li> Outrage </Li> <Li> Panic </Li> <Li> Passion </Li> <Li> Pity </Li> <Li> Pleasure </Li> <Li> Pride </Li> <Li> Rage </Li> <Li> Regret </Li> <Li> Rejection </Li> <Li> Remorse </Li> <Li> Resentment </Li> <Li> Sadness </Li> <Li> Saudade </Li> <Li> Schadenfreude </Li> <Li> Self - confidence </Li> <Li> Shame </Li> <Li> Shock </Li> <Li> Shyness </Li> <Li> Sorrow </Li> <Li> Suffering </Li> <Li> Surprise </Li> <Li> Trust </Li> <Li> Wonder </Li> <Li> Worry </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Schadenfreude ( / ˈʃɑːdənfrɔɪdə / ; German : ( ˈʃaːdn̩ˌfʁɔʏ̯də ) ( listen ) ; lit . ' harm - joy ' ) is the experience of pleasure , joy , or self - satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles , failures , or humiliation of another . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Synonyms </Li> <Li> 3 Related concepts </Li> <Li> 4 Neologisms and variants </Li> <Li> 5 Literary usage and philosophical analysis </Li> <Li> 6 Scientific studies </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> Schadenfreude is borrowed from German ; it is a compound of Schaden ' damage , harm ' and Freude ' joy ' . The German word is mentioned in English texts in 1852 and 1867 , but it only appears in running English text in 1895 . In German , it is first attested in the 1740s . </P> <P> Though common nouns are normally not capitalized in English , Schadenfreude is sometimes capitalized following the German convention . </P> <H2> Synonyms ( edit ) </H2> <P> Schadenfreude has equivalents in other languages ( for example , Hebrew ) , but no commonly used precise English equivalent . There are other ways to express the concept in English . </P> <P> `` Epicharikaky '' is a seldom used direct equivalent , borrowed from Greek epichairekakia ( ἐπιχαιρεκακία , first attested in Aristotle ) , from ἐπί epi ' upon ' , χαρά chara ' joy ' , and κακόν kakon ' evil ' . It may also be spelled `` epicaricacy '' . </P> <P> A Roman holiday is a metaphor from Byron 's poem Childe Harold 's Pilgrimage , where a gladiator in ancient Rome expects to be `` butchered to make a Roman holiday '' while the audience would take pleasure from watching his suffering . The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment . </P> <P> `` Morose delectation '' ( delectatio morosa in Latin ) , meaning , `` The habit of dwelling with enjoyment on evil thoughts '' . was considered by the medieval church to be a sin . French writer Pierre Klossowski maintained that the appeal of sadism is morose delectation . </P> <P> An English word of similar meaning is `` gloating '' , where `` gloat '' means `` to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction , gratification , or delight '' ( e.g. , to gloat over an enemy 's misfortune ) . Gloating is differentiated from Schadenfreude in that it does not necessarily require malice ( one may gloat to a friend about having defeated him in a game without ill intent ) , and that it describes an action rather than a state of mind ( one typically gloats to the subject of the misfortune or to a third party ) . On the other hand , unlike Schadenfreude , where the focus is on another 's misfortune , gloating often brings to mind inappropriately celebrating or bragging about one 's own good fortune without any particular focus on the misfortune of others . </P> <P> `` Sadism '' specifically involves the subject deriving pleasure from personally inflicting the usually physical but also just as likely emotional , social , economic pain on another , whereas Schadenfreude is defined merely but the observance of usually only the humiliation or embarrassment of that other . </P> <H2> Related concepts ( edit ) </H2> <P> Permutations of the concept of pleasure at another 's unhappiness are : pleasure at another 's happiness , displeasure at another 's happiness , and displeasure at another 's unhappiness . Words for these concepts are sometimes cited as antonyms to Schadenfreude , as each is the opposite in some way . </P> <P> Pleasure at another 's happiness is described by the Buddhist concept of mudita or the concept of `` compersion '' in the polyamory community . </P> <P> Displeasure at another 's happiness is envy or perhaps jealousy . The recent coinage `` freudenschade '' similarly means sorrow at another 's success . </P> <P> Displeasure at another 's unhappiness is sympathy , pity , or compassion . </P> <P> Tall poppy syndrome is a cultural phenomena where people of high status are resented , attacked , cut down , or criticized because they have been classified as better than their peers . This is similar to begrudgery , the resentment or envy of the success of a peer . When someone feels joy with the victim 's fall from grace , they experience Schadenfreude . </P> <H2> Neologisms and variants ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neologisms and portmanteau words were coined from the word as early as 1993 , when Lincoln Caplan , in his book Skadden : Power , Money , and the Rise of a Legal Empire , used the word Skaddenfreude to describe the delight that competitors of Skadden Arps took in its troubles of the early 1990s . Others include spitzenfreude , coined by The Economist to refer to the fall of Eliot Spitzer and Schadenford , coined by Toronto Life in regard to Canadian politician Rob Ford . </P> <H2> Literary usage and philosophical analysis ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Book of Proverbs mentions an emotion similar to schadenfreude : `` Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth , and let not thine heart be glad when he stumbleth : Lest the LORD see it , and it displease him , and he turn away his wrath from him . '' ( Proverbs 24 : 17 -- 18 , King James Version ) . </P> <P> In the Nicomachean Ethics , Aristotle used epikhairekakia ( ἐπιχαιρεκακία in Greek ) as part of a triad of terms , in which epikhairekakia stands as the opposite of phthonos ( φθόνος ) , and nemesis ( νέμεσις ) occupies the mean . Nemesis is `` a painful response to another 's undeserved good fortune '' , while phthonos is a painful response to any good fortune , deserved or not . The epikhairekakos ( ἐπιχαιρέκακος ) person takes pleasure in another 's ill fortune . </P> <P> Lucretius characterises the emotion in an extended simile in De rerum natura : Suave , mari magno turbantibus aequora ventis , e terra magnum alterius spectare laborem , `` It is pleasant to watch from the land the great struggle of someone else in a sea rendered great by turbulent winds . '' The abbreviated Latin tag suave mare magno recalled the passage to generations familiar with the Latin classics . </P> <P> Caesarius of Heisterbach regards `` delight in the adversity of a neighbour '' as one of the `` daughters of envy ... which follows anger '' in his Dialogue on Miracles . </P> <P> During the 17th century , Robert Burton wrote in his work The Anatomy of Melancholy , `` Out of these two ( the concupiscible and irascible powers ) arise those mixed affections and passions of anger , which is a desire of revenge ; hatred , which is inveterate anger ; zeal , which is offended with him who hurts that he loves ; and ἐπιχαιρεκακία , a compound affection of joy and hate , when we rejoice at other men 's mischief , and are grieved at their prosperity ; pride , self - love , emulation , envy , shame , &c. , of which elsewhere . '' </P> <P> The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer mentioned schadenfreude as the most evil sin of human feeling , famously saying `` To feel envy is human , to savor schadenfreude is diabolic . '' </P> <P> Rabbi Harold S. Kushner in his book When Bad Things Happen to Good People describes schadenfreude as a universal , even wholesome reaction that can not be helped . `` There is a German psychological term , Schadenfreude , which refers to the embarrassing reaction of relief we feel when something bad happens to someone else instead of to us . '' He gives examples and writes , `` ( People ) do n't wish their friends ill , but they ca n't help feeling an embarrassing spasm of gratitude that ( the bad thing ) happened to someone else and not to them . '' </P> <P> Susan Sontag 's book Regarding the Pain of Others , published in 2003 , is a study of the issue of how the pain and misfortune of some affects others , namely whether war photography and war paintings may be helpful as anti-war tools or , whether they only serve some sense of schadenfreude in some viewers . </P> <P> Philosopher and sociologist Theodor Adorno defined schadenfreude as `` ... largely unanticipated delight in the suffering of another , which is cognized as trivial and / or appropriate . '' </P> <H2> Scientific studies ( edit ) </H2> <P> A New York Times article in 2002 cited a number of scientific studies of schadenfreude , which it defined as , `` delighting in others ' misfortune '' . Many such studies are based on social comparison theory , the idea that when people around us have bad luck , we look better to ourselves . Other researchers have found that people with low self - esteem are more likely to feel schadenfreude than are people who have high self - esteem . </P> <P> A 2003 study examined intergroup schadenfreude within the context of sports , specifically an international football ( soccer ) competition . The study focused on the German and Dutch football teams and their fans . The results of this study indicated that the emotion of schadenfreude is very sensitive to circumstances that make it more or less legitimate to feel such malicious pleasure towards a sports rival . </P> <P> A 2011 study by Cikara and colleagues using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) examined Schadenfreude among Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees fans found that fans ' showed increased activation in brain areas correlated with self - reported pleasure ( ventral striatum ) when observing the rival team experience a negative outcome ( e.g. , a strike out ) . By contrast , fans exhibited increased

The German word for pleasure derived from someone else's pain is

German word for pleasure from someone else's pain?

2142428654351895069

Taylor Swift Discography - wikipedia <H1> Taylor Swift Discography </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Taylor Swift discography </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Swift performing during The 1989 World Tour in Detroit in May 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video albums </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music videos </Th> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EPs </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Promotional singles </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift 's career began with a record deal with Big Machine Records in 2005 and the release of her eponymous debut album the following year . In the United States , Taylor Swift peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and stayed the longest on the chart during the 2000s . All of its singles -- `` Tim McGraw '' , `` Teardrops on My Guitar '' , `` Our Song '' , `` Picture to Burn '' , and `` Should 've Said No '' -- charted within the top forty in the United States and were certified platinum by the RIAA . Swift followed with the release of the EPs Sounds of the Season : The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection and Beautiful Eyes , which peaked at number twenty and number nine on the Billboard 200 , respectively . </P> <P> Swift released her second studio album , Fearless , in 2008 , which topped the charts in the United States , Canada , and New Zealand . It became the best - selling album of 2009 in the United States , and thirteen of its songs charted within the top forty of the Billboard Hot 100 , breaking the record for the most top forty entries from a single album . Its songs `` Love Story '' , `` You Belong with Me '' , and `` Fearless '' reached the top ten in the United States while `` Love Story '' became her first number - one single in Australia . She obtained her first number - one single in Canada with `` Today Was a Fairytale '' from the Valentine 's Day soundtrack ( 2010 ) . Swift 's third studio album , Speak Now ( 2010 ) , peaked at number - one in the United States , Australia , Canada , and New Zealand . Three of its singles -- `` Mine '' , `` Back to December '' , and `` Mean '' -- peaked within the top ten in Canada . </P> <P> Swift 's fourth studio album , Red ( 2012 ) , became her first number one album in the United Kingdom , and also topped the charts in Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , and United States . It spawned the internationally successful singles `` We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together '' and `` I Knew You Were Trouble '' , with the former reaching number - one in Canada , New Zealand , and the United States . Swift 's fifth studio album , 1989 ( 2014 ) , debuted atop the Billboard 200 with sales of 1.287 million copies , making her the first artist to release three albums ( after Speak Now and Red ) with sales of one million within a single week . The album reached number - one in several other countries , including Australia , Canada and the United Kingdom ; as of 2016 , it has sold a total of 10.1 million copies worldwide . The singles `` Shake It Off '' , `` Blank Space '' , and `` Bad Blood '' all reached number one in the United States , Australia , and Canada . A track she recorded with Zayn titled `` I Do n't Wanna Live Forever '' for the Fifty Shades Darker soundtrack reached number one in Sweden and number two in the US . Her sixth album Reputation ( 2017 ) and its lead single `` Look What You Made Me Do '' reached number one in Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , the United Kingdom , and the United States . </P> <P> According to RIAA , Swift is the second - best - selling digital singles artist in the United States , with cumulative single certifications of 106.5 million digital downloads and on - demand streaming . Meanwhile , US total album sales stand at 31.4 million copies . With estimated sales of over 42 million albums and 130 million singles worldwide , Swift is one of the best - selling music artists . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Albums <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Studio albums </Li> <Li> 1.2 Live albums </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Extended plays </Li> <Li> 3 Singles <Ul> <Li> 3.1 As lead artist </Li> <Li> 3.2 As featured artist </Li> <Li> 3.3 Promotional singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Other charted songs </Li> <Li> 5 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Albums </H2> <H3> Studio Albums </H3> <Table> List of studio albums , with selected chart positions , sales figures and certifications <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Album details </Th> <Th colspan="10"> Peak chart positions </Th> <Th> Sales </Th> <Th> Certifications </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US </Th> <Th> AUS </Th> <Th> CAN </Th> <Th> FRA </Th> <Th> GER </Th> <Th> IRE </Th> <Th> JPN </Th> <Th> NZ </Th> <Th> SWE </Th> <Th> UK </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Taylor Swift </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : October 24 , 2006 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : CD , LP , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> US : 5,700,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : 7 × Platinum </Li> <Li> ARIA : Platinum </Li> <Li> BPI : Gold </Li> <Li> MC : 2 × Platinum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fearless </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : November 11 , 2008 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : CD , LP , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World : 8,681,753 </Li> <Li> US : 7,123,100 </Li> <Li> UK : 575,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : Diamond </Li> <Li> ARIA : 7 × Platinum </Li> <Li> BPI : Platinum </Li> <Li> IRMA : 2 × Platinum </Li> <Li> MC : 4 × Platinum </Li> <Li> RIAJ : Gold </Li> <Li> RMNZ : 3 × Platinum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speak Now </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : October 25 , 2010 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : CD , LP , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World : 5,000,000 </Li> <Li> US : 4,642,200 </Li> <Li> UK : 169,281 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : 6 × Platinum </Li> <Li> ARIA : 2 × Platinum </Li> <Li> BPI : Gold </Li> <Li> IRMA : Gold </Li> <Li> MC : 3 × Platinum </Li> <Li> RIAJ : Gold </Li> <Li> RMNZ : Platinum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : October 22 , 2012 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : CD , LP , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World : 6,000,000 </Li> <Li> US : 4,400,000 </Li> <Li> JPN : 256,000 </Li> <Li> UK : 600,081 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : 6 × Platinum </Li> <Li> ARIA : 4 × Platinum </Li> <Li> BPI : 2 × Platinum </Li> <Li> BVMI : Gold </Li> <Li> IFPI SWE : Gold </Li> <Li> IRMA : Platinum </Li> <Li> MC : 4 × Platinum </Li> <Li> RIAJ : Platinum </Li> <Li> RMNZ : 2 × Platinum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1989 </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : October 27 , 2014 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : CD , LP , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World : 10,100,000 </Li> <Li> US : 6,100,000 </Li> <Li> CAN : 530,000 </Li> <Li> JPN : 197,000 </Li> <Li> UK : 1,081,220 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : 9 × Platinum </Li> <Li> ARIA : Diamond </Li> <Li> BPI : 3 × Platinum </Li> <Li> BVMI : Gold </Li> <Li> IFPI SWE : Gold </Li> <Li> MC : 6 × Platinum </Li> <Li> RIAJ : Platinum </Li> <Li> RMNZ : 3 × Platinum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reputation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : November 10 , 2017 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : CD , LP , digital download , cassette </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World : 2,000,000 </Li> <Li> US : 1,820,000 </Li> <Li> AUS : 54,976 </Li> <Li> CAN : 80,000 </Li> <Li> UK : 83,648 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : 3 × Platinum </Li> <Li> ARIA : Platinum </Li> <Li> BPI : Gold </Li> <Li> RMNZ : Gold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="14"> `` -- '' denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Live Albums </H3> <Table> List of live albums with notes <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Album details </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> iTunes Live from SoHo </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : January 15 , 2008 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : Digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A live album exclusively sold by the iTunes Store . It consists of live performances of tracks from Taylor Swift and a live cover of Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speak Now World Tour -- Live </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : November 21 , 2011 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Formats : Digital download , CD , Blu - ray / DVD </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> An album including live performances from Swift 's Speak Now World Tour , including original songs and covers , like `` Drops of Jupiter '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Extended plays </H2> <Table> List of extended plays , with selected chart positions and sales figures <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> EP details </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Peaks </Th> <Th> Sales </Th> <Th> Certifications </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US </Th> <Th> JPN </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sounds of the Season : The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : October 14 , 2007 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Format : CD , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> US : 1,100,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RIAA : Gold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Beautiful Eyes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Released : July 15 , 2008 </Li> <Li> Label : Big Machine </Li> <Li> Format : CD , digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> US : 341,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> `` -- '' denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory .

Taylor Swift's first album was released in

When did taylor swift's first album release?

-2887011464136772450

List of ATP number 1 ranked Singles Tennis players - wikipedia <H1> List of ATP number 1 ranked Singles Tennis players </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about ATP number 1 rankings since 1973 . For the all - time list , see World number 1 male tennis player rankings . Rafael Nadal , the current world No. 1 <P> The ATP rankings are the Association of Tennis Professionals ' ( ATP ) merit - based method for determining the rankings in men 's tennis . The top - ranked player is the player who , over the previous 52 weeks , has garnered the most ATP - ranking points . Points are awarded based on how far a player advances in tournaments and the category of those tournaments . The ATP has used a computerized system for determining the rankings since 23 August 1973 . Starting in 1979 , an updated rankings list is released at the beginning of each week . </P> <P> Since 1973 , 26 men have been ranked No. 1 by the ATP , of which 17 have been year - end No. 1 . The current world number one is Rafael Nadal . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Ranking method </Li> <Li> 2 Records and particularities </Li> <Li> 3 Number 1 ranked players </Li> <Li> 4 Weeks at No. 1 <Ul> <Li> 4.1 By player </Li> <Li> 4.2 By country </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Year - end No. 1 </Li> <Li> 6 No. 1 ranked players without a previous Grand Slam tournament title </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Ranking method ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since the introduction rankings the method used to calculate a player 's ranking points has changed several times . As of 2011 , the rankings are calculated by totaling the points a player wins in his best eighteen tournaments , subject to certain restrictions . For top players the counting tournaments are the four Grand Slam tournaments , the eight mandatory ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournaments , the player 's best four eligible ATP World Tour 500 series tournaments ( the non-mandatory ATP Masters 1000 event in Monte Carlo may be substituted for one of these ) , and his best two results from ATP World Tour 250 series . Lower - ranked players who are not eligible for some or all of the top tournaments may include additional ATP 500 and ATP 250 events , and also ATP Challenger Series , and Futures Series tournaments . The ranking points of players who qualify for the year - end ATP World Tour Finals also include any points gained at that tournament , increasing their counting tournament total to 19 . </P> <H2> Records and particularities ( edit ) </H2> <P> Roger Federer holds the records for both the most total weeks at No. 1 ( 302 ) and most consecutive weeks at No. 1 ( 237 ) . Pete Sampras holds the record for the most year - end No. 1 ( six , all consecutive ) . Patrick Rafter spent the fewest time at No. 1 ( one week ) . </P> <P> Lleyton Hewitt is both the youngest ( 20 years , 268 days ) world No. 1 and youngest year - end No. 1 , while Rafael Nadal is the oldest ( 31 years , 211 days ) year - end No. 1 . Andre Agassi is the oldest No. 1 ( 33 years , 131 days ) . </P> <P> Only four players have regained the year - end No. 1 ranking after having lost it - Lendl in 1989 , Federer in 2009 , Nadal in 2010 , and Djokovic in 2014 . Only one player regained the year - end No. 1 ranking a second and third time , Nadal in 2013 and 2017 . </P> <P> Rafael Nadal is the ATP player with the longest time span between first and most recent dates at world No. 1 in the history of the ATP Tour . He regained the top ranking on August 21 , 2017 , nine years after first becoming No. 1 on August 18 , 2008 . On 11 September 2017 , Nadal and Garbiñe Muguruza made Spain the first country in 14 years to simultaneously top both the ATP and the WTA rankings . The most recent previous such pairing were Andre Agassi and Serena Williams , from 28 April to 11 May 2003 . </P> <P> Two players , Ivan Lendl and Marcelo Ríos , have reached No. 1 without previously having won a Grand Slam tournament . Lendl reached No. 1 on February 21 , 1983 , but did not win his first Grand Slam title until the 1984 French Open . Rios reached No. 1 on March 30 , 1998 and is the only No. 1 player who never won a Grand Slam singles title . </P> <P> Since 1973 when the ATP ranking started , there have been twelve years when one player held the top spot for the entire year . In contrast , 1999 had the most No. 1 players of any year since the rankings started . There were five players who were No. 1 sometime during that year - Sampras , Carlos Moya , Yevgeny Kafelnikov , Agassi and Rafter . John McEnroe held the No. 1 ranking on a record 14 different occasions and Pete Sampras was the only other player to hold it on 10 or more occasions with 11 different stints . </P> <H2> Number 1 ranked players ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dd> The statistics are updated only when the ATP website revises its rankings ( usually every Monday morning except when tournament finals are postponed ) . </Dd> </Dl> Roger Federer has spent a total of 302 weeks at world No. 1 , including 237 consecutive weeks at the top of the ATP rankings , the most of any player . Ilie Năstase became the first ATP No. 1 ranked player on 23 August 1973 . Pete Sampras spent a total of 286 weeks at the top of the ATP rankings and holds the record of 6 consecutive year end as No. 1 Ivan Lendl spent a total of 270 weeks at the top of the ATP rankings . Jimmy Connors spent a total of 268 weeks at world No. 1 , including 160 consecutive weeks ( a record he held for 30 years before being overtaken by R. Federer in 2007 ) . Novak Djokovic , who spent 223 weeks at world No. 1 . Rafael Nadal is the ATP player with the longest time span between first and most recent dates at world No. 1 in the history of the ATP Tour . He did so on August 21 , 2017 , 9 years after first becoming No. 1 on August 18 , 2008 . <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Start date </Th> <Th> End date </Th> <Th> Weeks </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ROU </Td> <Td> Năstase , Ilie Ilie Năstase </Td> <Td> 000000001973 - 08 - 23 - 0000 August 23 , 1973 </Td> <Td> 000000001974 - 06 - 02 - 0000 June 2 , 1974 </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> AUS </Td> <Td> Newcombe , John John Newcombe </Td> <Td> 000000001974 - 06 - 03 - 0000 June 3 , 1974 </Td> <Td> 000000001974 - 07 - 28 - 0000 July 28 , 1974 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> Connors , Jimmy Jimmy Connors </Td> <Td> 000000001974 - 07 - 29 - 0000 July 29 , 1974 </Td> <Td> 000000001977 - 08 - 22 - 0000 August 22 , 1977 </Td> <Td> 160 </Td> <Td> 160 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> SWE </Td> <Td> Borg , Björn Björn Borg </Td> <Td> 000000001977 - 08 - 23 - 0000 August 23 , 1977 </Td> <Td> 000000001977 - 08 - 29 - 0000 August 29 , 1977 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> Jimmy Connors ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001977 - 08 - 30 - 0000 August 30 , 1977 </Td> <Td> 000000001979 - 04 - 08 - 0000 April 8 , 1979 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 244 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> SWE </Td> <Td> Björn Borg ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001979 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1979 </Td> <Td> 000000001979 - 05 - 20 - 0000 May 20 , 1979 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> Jimmy Connors ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001979 - 05 - 21 - 0000 May 21 , 1979 </Td> <Td> 000000001979 - 07 - 08 - 0000 July 8 , 1979 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 251 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> SWE </Td> <Td> Björn Borg ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001979 - 07 - 09 - 0000 July 9 , 1979 </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 03 - 02 - 0000 March 2 , 1980 </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> McEnroe , John John McEnroe </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 1980 </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 03 - 23 - 0000 March 23 , 1980 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> SWE </Td> <Td> Björn Borg ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 03 - 24 - 0000 March 24 , 1980 </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 08 - 10 - 0000 August 10 , 1980 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> McEnroe , John John McEnroe ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 08 - 11 - 0000 August 11 , 1980 </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 08 - 17 - 0000 August 17 , 1980 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> SWE </Td> <Td> Björn Borg ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001980 - 08 - 18 - 0000 August 18 , 1980 </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 07 - 05 - 0000 July 5 , 1981 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 107 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> John McEnroe ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 07 - 06 - 0000 July 6 , 1981 </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 07 - 19 - 0000 July 19 , 1981 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> SWE </Td> <Td> Björn Borg ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 07 - 20 - 0000 July 20 , 1981 </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 08 - 02 - 0000 August 2 , 1981 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> John McEnroe ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001981 - 08 - 03 - 0000 August 3 , 1981 </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 09 - 12 - 0000 September 12 , 1982 </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> Jimmy Connors ( 4 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 09 - 13 - 0000 September 13 , 1982 </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 10 - 31 - 0000 October 31 , 1982 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 258 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> John McEnroe ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 11 - 01 - 0000 November 1 , 1982 </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 11 - 07 - 0000 November 7 , 1982 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> Jimmy Connors ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 11 - 08 - 0000 November 8 , 1982 </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 11 - 14 - 0000 November 14 , 1982 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 259 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> USA </Td> <Td> John McEnroe ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> 000000001982 - 11 - 15 - 0000

The current number one ranked tennis player in the world is

Who is the no. 1 ranked tennis player in the world?

4320121429794432668

List of the 100 episodes - wikipedia <H1> List of the 100 episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The 100 ( pronounced The Hundred ) is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction drama television series developed by Jason Rothenberg , which premiered on March 19 , 2014 , on The CW . It is loosely based on a 2013 book of the same name , the first in a book series by Kass Morgan . The series follows a group of teens as they become the first people from a space habitat to return to Earth after a devastating nuclear apocalypse . </P> <P> As of May 24 , 2017 , 58 episodes of The 100 have aired , concluding the fourth season . In March 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fifth season , set to premiere on April 24 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Season 1 ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Season 2 ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Season 3 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 2.4 Season 4 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ratings <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Season 1 ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 2 ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 3 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 3.4 Season 4 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Nielsen ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 19 , 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> June 11 , 2014 ( 2014 - 06 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 150 </Td> <Td> 2.59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 16 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> October 22 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> March 11 , 2015 ( 2015 - 03 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 157 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 16 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> January 21 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> May 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 165 </Td> <Td> 1.94 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> February 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> May 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> 158 </Td> <Td> 1.47 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2014 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> Bharat Nalluri </Td> <Td> Jason Rothenberg </Td> <Td> March 19 , 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 296843 </Td> <Td> 2.73 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Set in an indeterminate year in the distant future , 97 years after a nuclear apocalypse has devastated the surface of Earth , the only remaining humans are residents of an orbiting space stations known as `` The Ark '' . Equipped with vital - monitoring wristbands and instructions to proceed directly to Mount Weather , upon landing , 100 juvenile delinquents are sent to the surface to test its habitability . Among them is 17 - year - old Clarke Griffin ( Eliza Taylor ) , the daughter of The Ark 's chief medical officer , Dr. Abby ( Paige Turco ) . The 100 discover a lush Earth filled with new wonders and dangers . Clarke and four others search for the former Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center , a possible site of supplies . Ultimately , they discover that there are hostile survivors on the ground when Jasper , one of their party , is speared . The other delinquents remain at the landing site and , under the leadership of Bellamy ( Bob Morley ) , celebrate their new world . Back on The Ark , Chancellor Jaha ( Isaiah Washington ) has been shot , causing the merciless and unsympathetic Councilman Kane ( Henry Ian Cusick ) to take charge . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Earth Skills '' </Td> <Td> Dean White </Td> <Td> Jason Rothenberg </Td> <Td> March 26 , 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 2J7052 </Td> <Td> 2.27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Chancellor Jaha recovers and learns of his son Wells ' supposed fate on the ground . Abby recruits Raven , a zero - gravity mechanic , to fix a drop pod to send herself to the ground . Meanwhile on Earth , Clarke , Wells , Murphy , and Bellamy set out to rescue Jasper , who was taken by the grounders after being attacked . They find Jasper tied to a tree and manage to return to camp with him , in addition to a panther they killed prior his rescue . Bellamy forces the 100 to trade their wristbands for food . Clarke manages to keep hers . As the Ark watches more wristbands going offline believing they are dying , a figure watches the 100 from above the camp . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Earth Kills '' </Td> <Td> Dean White </Td> <Td> Elizabeth Craft & Sarah Fain </Td> <Td> April 2 , 2014 ( 2014 - 04 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 2J7053 </Td> <Td> 1.90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> In flashbacks , Clarke 's engineer father Jake discovers a life support problem with The Ark , and is arrested for threatening to tell the people and `` floated '' by Jaha . In the present , Clarke , Finn , and Wells search for antibiotic seaweed to treat Jasper 's wounds . Bellamy assembles a hunting group who are followed by Charlotte , a troubled 13 - year - old . A lethal acidic fog hits , forcing Clarke , Finn , and Wells to seek shelter . The three talk , and Clarke berates Wells for his apparent part in her father 's execution believing he told his father of Clarke 's father 's intent to commit treason . Bellamy and Charlotte take refuge from the fog ; he comforts her when she has a nightmare . Clarke discovers her mother 's culpability in her father 's death , learning that she actually told Thelonious , knowing her father would be floated . Clarke and Wells reconcile . Later , Charlotte 's misinterpretation of Bellamy 's advice leads her to kill Wells . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Murphy 's Law '' </Td> <Td> P.J. Pesce </Td> <Td> T.J. Brady & Rasheed Newson </Td> <Td> April 9 , 2014 ( 2014 - 04 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 2J7054 </Td> <Td> 1.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Monty attempts to use the wristbands to contact The Ark . Octavia and Jasper discover Murphy 's knife outside the wall with two fingers , which are Wells ' . Clarke publicly accuses Murphy , inciting a mob that begins hanging him . Overwhelmed , Charlotte confesses and Murphy is cut down . Charlotte flees camp with Clarke and Finn , and they take refuge in a bunker , pursued by a revenge - seeking Murphy . Feeling guilty , Charlotte attempts to turn herself in , but Bellamy intercepts her . The whole group ends up at a dead - end cliff where Charlotte jumps off and commits suicide , and Bellamy banishes Murphy . Monty accidentally fries all of the wristbands . Finn runs to the bunker in frustration , Clarke follows , and they have sex . On The Ark , Abby and Raven go to great lengths to acquire a pressure regulator , but Kane finds out and has Abby arrested . Raven launches off The Ark alone and prepares to enter the atmosphere . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Twilight 's Last Gleaming '' </Td> <Td> Milan Cheylov </Td> <Td> Bruce Miller </Td> <Td> April 16 , 2014 ( 2014 - 04 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 2J7055 </Td> <Td> 1.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Raven , unconscious , has made it to the ground . Bellamy reaches her pod first and throws away her radio . Clarke and Finn follow , and help Raven , who is revealed to be Finn 's girlfriend , leaving Clarke devastated . They catch up with Bellamy and tell him of the 300 people to be culled from The Ark to preserve oxygen . He helps locate the radio , but it can not be repaired in time , so they devise a plan to fire `` flare '' rockets that The Ark will see , confirming that Earth is survivable . On The Ark , the approved plan calls for sealing off and deoxygenating Section 17 . A desperate Abby reveals her husbands discovery to The Ark , causing some residents to volunteer for the culling . After the culling , Abby , imprisoned , and Jaha watch in surprise as the `` flare '' rockets appear in the viewport above Abby 's cell . Meanwhile , Octavia is captured by a grounder . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` His Sister 's Keeper '' </Td> <Td> Wayne Rose </Td> <Td> Tracy Bellomo & Dorothy Fortenberry </Td> <Td> April 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 04 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 2J7056 </Td> <Td> 1.97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> In flashbacks , Bellamy witnesses Octavia 's birth ; he names her after Augustus ' sister Octavia the Younger . Due to The Ark 's one child rule , Octavia is forced to live beneath the floor of her family 's quarters . To ensure her daughter 's safety , her mother resorts to prostitution in order to gain notice of guard 's inspections . When Octavia is 16 , Bellamy takes her to a masked ball for Unity Day ; she is caught , and their mother is executed . A year later , Commander Shumway convinces Bellamy to assassinate Jaha , in exchange for a place on the dropship with his sister . In the present , Bellamy combs the camp looking for Octavia , to no avail . He assembles a search party , and they leave for the woods . Meanwhile , Clarke and Raven travel to Finn 's bunker in hopes of finding a radio transmitter with which to contact The Ark , and Raven discovers Finn 's involvement with Clarke . Bellamy , Finn , and Jasper rescue Octavia , and Finn is stabbed in the process . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Contents Under Pressure '' </Td> <Td> John Showalter </Td> <Td> Akela Cooper & Kira Snyder </Td> <Td> April 30 , 2014 ( 2014 - 04 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> 2J7057 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> In the midst of a hurricane on the ground , Finn is near death from a poisoned stab wound . Bellamy , having captured the grounder who stabbed Finn , tortures him for the antidote but he does n't speak . Raven successfully connects with The Ark ; Abby assists Clarke with treating Finn . Octavia convinces the grounder to reveal the antidote by poisoning herself with the same blade . On The Ark , Abby is released but is removed from the Council . Replacing her is the former chancellor , Diana Sydney , whose intentions are questionable . After learning that Earth is habitable , The Ark begins preparations for Project Exodus : their re-colonization of Earth . However

The new season of The 100 premieres on

When does the new season on the 100 come out?

6907153584580542904

List of Bates Motel characters - wikipedia <H1> List of Bates Motel characters </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Members of the cast , from left to right ; upper row : Highmore , Farmiga , Thieriot , Cooke , Peltz , Carbonell , Vogel ; lower row : Eklund , O'Neill , Robertson , Kwiatkowski , Vartan , Creskoff , and Johnson <P> The following is a list of characters that have appeared in the A&E drama - thriller television series Bates Motel , an adaptation of Robert Bloch 's novel Psycho . The series was developed by Carlton Cuse , Kerry Ehrin , and Anthony Cipriano . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Main characters <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Norma Louise Bates </Li> <Li> 1.2 Norman Bates </Li> <Li> 1.3 Dylan Massett </Li> <Li> 1.4 Emma Decody </Li> <Li> 1.5 Alex Romero </Li> <Li> 1.6 Bradley Martin </Li> <Li> 1.7 Caleb Calhoun </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Recurring characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Introduced in season one </Li> <Li> 2.2 Introduced in season two </Li> <Li> 2.3 Introduced in season three </Li> <Li> 2.4 Introduced in season four </Li> <Li> 2.5 Introduced in season five </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Main characters ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Th colspan="5"> Seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norma Louise Bates </Td> <Td> Vera Farmiga </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norman Bates </Td> <Td> Freddie Highmore </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dylan Massett </Td> <Td> Max Thieriot </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emma Decody </Td> <Td> Olivia Cooke </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradley Martin </Td> <Td> Nicola Peltz </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Main </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Does not appear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alex Romero </Td> <Td> Nestor Carbonell </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Main </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Caleb Calhoun </Td> <Td> Kenny Johnson </Td> <Td> Does not appear </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> <Td> Main </Td> <Td> Guest </Td> <Td> Recurring </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Norma Louise Bates ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Norma Bates ( Psycho ) <P> Norma Louise Bates ( portrayed by Vera Farmiga ) is the series ' co-protagonist , alongside her son . Norma is depicted as a loving but extremely possessive mother who wants to keep Norman all to herself . As a child , she was abused by her parents and raped by her brother Caleb , and she was also abused by her second husband , Sam ( Norman 's father ) . She sees Norman as the only person in the world who loves her , and pulls him closer every time she is in distress . </P> <H3> Norman Bates ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Norman Bates <P> Norman Bates ( portrayed by Freddie Highmore ) is the series ' co-protagonist , alongside his mother . Norman is depicted as a kind - hearted but deeply troubled boy who has an often unhealthy attachment to Norma . His mother has smothered and sheltered him his whole life , to the point that he is awkward and socially inept , especially around people his own age . As the series progresses , it becomes clear that Norman is mentally ill : he experiences blackouts , during which he hallucinates visions of Norma and behaves violently , before coming to with no recollection of his actions . In seasons three and four , it is becoming clear that he has a split personality , and that his other self -- `` Mother '' -- is gaining control . </P> <H3> Dylan Massett ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dylan Massett ( portrayed by Max Thieriot ) is Norma 's estranged son and Norman 's half - brother . Having grown up largely on his own , he is resourceful , strong - willed and independent . He genuinely cares about Norman , but has a difficult relationship with Norma . He believes that Norma seeks out conflict and drama , and that her treatment of Norman will damage him . When he arrives to White Pine Bay , after recently being laid off , Dylan bonds with Norman and encourages him to have a life outside of Norma . He gets involved in the town 's illicit marijuana business , and quickly rises up the ranks as he wins favor with his superiors . His world comes crashing down , however , when he learns from Norma that he is the product of an incestuous rape -- his true father having been Norma 's brother , Caleb -- and distances himself from the family , moving out of the Bates ' house . He eventually reconnects with his mother and brother in the second season finale . In season three , he becomes increasingly concerned with Norman 's behavior , and tries to convince Norma to seek help for him . He also facilitates a reconciliation between Norma and Caleb after reconnecting with his father and starting a legal medicinal marijuana farm of his own , following a DEA raid which wipes out the town 's cannabis trade . Throughout the season , he starts to grow close to Emma as she assists in looking after Norman , and attempts to raise the funds for her lung transplant , and the two subsequently form a romantic attachment . Dylan leaves for Seattle with Emma and the two subsequently get married and have a daughter . He finds out online that his mother committed suicide and is furious that Norman did not tell him . He returns to White Pine Bay after fearing for Norman 's mental health . Norman later confesses to murder ; Dylan visits Norman 's hearing but is unable to listen to the charges against his brother . After Norman is freed , he goes to the motel and finds Norman in the kitchen with Norma 's corpse . Norman attempts to stab Dylan but is fatally shot by his brother , whom he thanks as he passes away . Dylan then returns to Seattle to be with Emma and their daughter . </P> <H3> Emma Decody ( edit ) </H3> <P> Emma Decody ( portrayed by Olivia Cooke ) is Norman 's best friend . A sufferer of cystic fibrosis , Emma is often seen carrying an oxygen tank . Although Emma is British , having been born in Manchester ( as was Cooke , in real life ) , she speaks with a local American dialect . Identifying with his unusual personality , troubled history and friendly nature , Emma is immediately infatuated with Norman and develops a friendship with him . Norman in turn finds himself warming to her , and , at the request of her father , respects her feelings for him . Seeing this , Norma becomes fond of her and employs Emma at the motel to keep her close to Norman , as well as to provide her with some much - needed maternal support and advice . Her friendship with Norman becomes strained , however , when he allows his feelings for Bradley Martin to get in the way . In addition , she becomes upset when Norma begins to blatantly keep secrets from her or tell her false stories to explain some of Norman 's strange actions , and contemplates resigning from the motel . Norman ultimately reaffirms his loyalty to her when he angrily berates his girlfriend , Cody , for egging Emma to do a cliff jump into a lake , clogging her airway and nearly killing her . He later convinces her to stay at the motel by telling her the truth about Dylan 's birth , explaining why Norma would not answer her questions . In season three , Emma has a short - lived relationship with Norman , but they later decide to remain friends . She soon grows close to Dylan , who becomes concerned when he learns that Emma 's health has deteriorated severely , and takes it upon himself to raise the money she needs for a lung transplant . This , in turn , leads to the two starting a romantic relationship . </P> <H3> Alex Romero ( edit ) </H3> <P> Alex Romero ( portrayed by Nestor Carbonell ) is White Pine Bay 's sheriff in a very awkward position . He tolerates the town 's open marijuana cultivation , but only because he knows that the town 's economy depends on it , and comes down hard on any gang - related murders . He maintains a stoic , hardened demeanor , both on and off the job . His interaction with the Bates family does not go smoothly , when he suspects Norma 's complicity in the disappearance ( and death ) of Keith Summers , his friend and the former motel owner . Over time , he comes to warm to Norma , but often finds himself having to clean up her messes , including murdering a man threatening her , or pinning the blame for one of Norman 's murders on somebody else . When a call girl staying at the motel gets shot and , upon dying , gives Norma a USB drive that contains a financial ledger splitting up an investment return of at least $15 million ( illegal revenue from the drug trade ) , Romero must protect Norma , while investigating those listed on it , including his imprisoned father who used to be sheriff . When it is revealed that Norma lied to him about her husband 's death , their friendship suffers and is nearly at an end . Romero must also fight those seeking the ledger in order to keep his job and save his own life . In season four , after Norman is committed for psychiatric observation , Romero 's relationship with Norma changes suddenly into a romantic one . He is eventually arrested on perjury charges and is sent to prison . He escapes in season 5 and kidnaps Norman and forces him to take him to where he hid Norman 's body . After telling Norma that he will always love her , he is shot by Norman in his `` mother '' persona . Before he dies , Romero tells Norman that he killed his own mother and Norman ca n't hide from that . </P> <H3> Bradley Martin ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bradley Martin ( portrayed by Nicola Peltz ) is a kind , attractive and popular classmate of Norman . Bradley immediately takes a shine to Norman , inviting him to his first party and introducing him to her boyfriend . Her world takes a turn for the worse , however , when her father is burned to death , and in her time of grief , she ends up having sex with Norman . Regretting it , she attempts to make amends with him , but accidentally alienates him further . She also wins the ire of Norma and Emma , who become jealous of the attention Norman gives her . With Dylan 's help , she finds out who her father 's murderer was , and ends up shooting him dead . With blood on her hands , Bradley turns to Norman once more , and , with his help , flees White Pine Bay to go into hiding in Boston . She later returns in season three and , lonely , seeks comfort in Norman . She asks him to speak to her mother , who thinks she 's dead , but changes her mind upon learning that her mother has quickly adjusted to being without her husband and daughter . Afterwards , she feels the only person she has left in the world is Norman . She decides that it is best for her to leave town once again and pleads for Norman to come with her . He accepts , but Norman ( in his `` Mother ''

In the TV series Bates Motel, Dylan's father is

Who is dylan's father in bates motel?

2141030426023128152

the scouts make enough money for a camporee , and the police are stunned to discover they wo n't be buying this year 's calendar from them . Most vocal in their objections are neighbors Vic Frohmeyer ( Dan Aykroyd ) and Walt Scheel ( M. Emmet Walsh ) . Vic , who 's the unelected leader of the street , organizes a campaign to force the Kranks to decorate their home so Hemlock Street wo n't lose the coveted award for best decorations . Vic has political and bureaucratic connections in Chicago . Walt does n't seem to like Luther , so his efforts are primarily personal . However , it is revealed that Walt 's wife Bev is suffering from cancer , perhaps dampening his holiday spirits . Children picket , led by Vic 's son Spike ( Erik Per Sullivan ) , neighbors constantly call , and Christmas carolers try to revive the Kranks ' holiday spirit by singing on their lawn , which Luther stops by freezing his front lawn . Even the newspaper gets into the act by publishing a front page story complete with a photograph of the unlit Krank house and states that the Kranks ' street has lost the prize and won sixth place because of how Luther and Nora refused to decorate their house . Still , Luther and Nora continue to stand their ground . </P> <P> The two are in the process of packing on Christmas Eve morning when they receive a call from Blair , who announces she 's at Miami International Airport , en route home with her Peruvian fiancé as a surprise for her parents . She 's anxious to introduce Enrique to her family 's holiday traditions , and when she asks if they 're having their usual party that night , a panicked Nora says yes . Comic chaos ensues as the couple finds themselves trying to decorate the house and coordinate a party with only twelve hours to spare before their daughter and future son - in - law arrive . </P> <P> While Nora scrambles to find food , especially Blair 's favorite honey glazed ham , Luther goes to buy a tree from the Boy Scouts but they only have one worthless non-green tree left since their sales went big and rapid . Luther decides to give a donation by giving them money but taking the tree in the process ; he then rejects it by throwing it in his backyard . While Spike leads a picket at the Kranks ' , Luther arranges to borrow the tree of neighbor Wes Trogdon ( who is going away for a week with his kids and wife to close relatives ) being given the warning that he is not to break one ornament or damage it . Luther and Spike try to transport it across the street on Spike 's Radio Flyer wagon , only for the neighbors to confuse this with Luther stealing the family 's Christmas tree and end up calling for the police to arrest him for theft . Spike comes to Luther 's rescue by showing the neighbors and officers that Luther has Trogdon 's keys and thus was given permission to borrow the tree . Nora comes home enraged at Luther for making the borrowed Christmas tree a `` Disaster '' and how she had to buy `` Smoked Trout '' to replace the honey ham ( which was crushed by a truck ) . Once it is established why Luther is trying frantically to decorate his home , the neighbors , led by Vic , come out full force to help him and Nora ready it for Blair . Blair calls to say she landed from Miami ; despite this , she is sent by a police transport to their house thus leaving her still unaware of the chaos . </P> <P> After subtly giving everybody , including Blair and Enrique , a half - hearted toast , Luther tries to convince Nora to accept the cruise when she confronts him for the toast , but she refuses , disgusted that he is n't happy Blair is home . Having a change of heart , Luther sadly slips out of the house and goes across the street to the Scheel home . Bev 's cancer , once in remission , has returned and , knowing this may be their last holiday together , Luther insists they take the cruise in place of him and Nora , going so far as to offer to take care of their hated cat , Muffles , so they can go . At first Walt and Bev decline , but ultimately decide to accept his generosity ; as a result , Luther , whose holiday spirit has been renewed , realizes skipping Christmas was n't as good an idea as he had originally thought . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tim Allen as Luther Krank </Li> <Li> Jamie Lee Curtis as Nora Krank , Luther 's wife </Li> <Li> Dan Aykroyd as Vic Frohmeyer , the Kranks ' domineering neighbor </Li> <Li> Dava Hulsey as Amanda Frohmeyer , the doting wife of Vic and loving mother of Spike . </Li> <Li> Julie Gonzalo as Blair Krank , the Kranks ' daughter </Li> <Li> M. Emmet Walsh as Walt Scheel , the Kranks ' obnoxious neighbor </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Franz as Bev Scheel , Walt 's ailing wife </Li> <Li> Erik Per Sullivan as Spike Frohmeyer , Vic 's kid </Li> <Li> Cheech Marin as Officer Salino </Li> <Li> Jake Busey as Officer Treen , Salino 's partner </Li> <Li> Austin Pendleton as Marty , an umbrella salesman who is actually Santa Claus </Li> <Li> Tom Poston as Father Zabriskie , a priest </Li> <Li> Kim Rhodes as Julie , Luther 's employee </Li> <Li> Arden Myrin as Daisy </Li> <Li> René Lavan as Enrique Decardenal , Blair 's fiance </Li> <Li> Patrick Breen as Aubie , a stationier </Li> <Li> Caroline Rhea as Candi , a friend of Nora 's </Li> <Li> Felicity Huffman as Merry , a friend of Nora 's </Li> <Li> Kevin Chamberlin as Duke Scanlon , a Boy Scout leader </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Joe Roth knew about John Grisham 's Skipping Christmas before it was even published in 2001 . He was asked by Grisham to read the book in galley form , assuming he could direct a movie based on it . Roth recalls : `` It turns out he was right . Even while I was reading it , all I could think was that this would make a great Christmas movie . It had humor , it had wonderful characters and it had heart . '' It was a huge change for him as he , who previously directed thrillers , would now do work for a film lighter in tone and style . With the rights of the book received and the May 2000 founding of Revolution Studios , he stated that `` as a start - up company , there was a great deal of work to do in order to get up and running . '' </P> <P> Later , filmmaker Chris Columbus , who also bought the rights to Skipping Christmas and had written a screenplay , called Roth about directing the adaption . As Roth explains : `` Naturally , I thought he was going to direct it . But he said , ' No , you should direct it . ' It turns out I was getting ready to direct another project . But when I read Chris 's script , I knew I had to at least try to direct it . I promised myself that if I could get the right cast in place , I would do it . '' Producer Michael Barnathan said , `` Joe read the script on a Sunday , bought it on Monday , decided he wanted to direct it on Tuesday and by Friday had cast Tim ( Allen ) and Jamie Lee ( Curtis ) . The following Monday morning we started pre-production . '' </P> <H3> Setting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Christmas with the Kranks takes place mostly in the Kranks 's neighborhood of Hemlock Street in Riverside , a suburb of Chicago , Illinois , over the course of four weeks from Thanksgiving to Christmas Eve . Production designer Garreth Stover originally looked for locations with the right weather conditions and suburban ambience for Hemlock Street , as described specifically in Columbus 's script of the film . He was scouting from the metropolitan area of Chicago to Minnesota , but due to the extreme conditions of this part of the United States at the time , the filmmakers felt it was better to set up the neighborhood in an empty location instead of finding one . </P> <P> When looking for a place to build the set 15 weeks before filming began , Stover chose a parking lot of a former Boeing aircraft factory in Downey , California , about 15 miles away from downtown Los Angeles and in the midst of Downey Studios . The rest of the first three weeks were spent on designing the houses with assistance from construction coordinator David Elliott . In the next 12 weeks , hundreds of carpenters , plasterers and painters working built had built what would become the largest exterior set ever for a movie , being more than 700 feet long and including 16 houses . What Stover called `` the core five '' were the houses of the Kranks , the Frohmeyers , the Scheels , the Beckers and Trogdons , which he claimed had `` full ground floors that are dressed and you can see into . '' He also said that the second floor of the Kranks ' was built on a soundstage . Producer Michael Barnathan claimed that the set would later be available for other movies , TV series and commercials to use. However , due to health complaints from the locals over toxic residues from factory period and lack of profit , the studio closed in 2012 and was razed to build a mall . </P> <H3> Costumes ( edit ) </H3> <P> Susie DeSanto handled the costume design of Christmas with the Kranks . According to DeSanto , `` I was looking for a project that was really textural , and maybe a bit nostalgic . I saw Christmas With the Kranks like a Christmas card , a beautiful Christmas memory of how we wish the holiday to be . So a lot of the fabrics I chose were not so much high - tech bright colors , but wools , plaids and mixing patterns . Joe ( Roth ) was specific about what he wanted , but within that , he allowed me a great deal of freedom to express myself . '' </P> <P> DeSanto viewed that all the characters in Christmas with the Kranks would wear dresses that are supposed to serve as their `` accents '' rather than overtly defining them . Luther Krank is seen wearing the same - colored shirt and suit at work all the time , and according to DeSanto , this `` tells that Luther 's a punch - the - clock kind of guy , so the whole idea of skipping Christmas and going off on a tropical vacation is completely averse to anything he 's ever done . '' She described Nora as `` tasteful and kind of folksy , a middle - American woman approaching middle age . In our first meeting , Jamie Lee Curtis was totally prepared . She wanted to look like a real Midwestern woman who lives in the suburbs of Chicago and is as obsessed with Christmas as everyone around her . Nora dresses for the seasons and I found out by speaking to people at Marshall Field 's in Chicago that the Christmas sweater is a big deal . And Jamie wears it so well . '' As for Vic Frohmeyer ,

The role of Mary in the movie "Christmas with the Kranks" was played by

Who played mary in christmas with the kranks?

576556129144151042

Heart of palm - wikipedia <H1> Heart of palm </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Fresh heart of palm <P> Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees ( notably the coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) , palmito juçara ( Euterpe edulis ) , Açaí palm ( Euterpe oleracea ) , sabal ( Sabal spp . ) , pupunha and pejibaye ( Bactris gasipaes ) palms ) . Harvesting of many non-cultivated or wild single - stemmed palms results in palm tree death ( e.g. Geonoma edulis ) . However , other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants ( e.g. Prestoea acuminata , Euterpe oleracea ) and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm . Heart of palm may be eaten on its own , and often it is eaten in a salad . </P> <P> An alternative to wild heart of palm are palm varieties which have undergone a process of adaptation to become a domesticated farm species . The main variety that has been domesticated is the botanical species Bactris gasipaes , known in Ecuador as chontaduro , in Brazil and Costa Rica as palmito , and in English as the peach palm . This variety is the most widely used for canning . Peach palms are self - suckering and produce multiple stems , up to 40 on one plant , so harvesting several stems from a plant is not so expensive because the plant can live on . Another advantage it has over other palms is that it has been selectively bred to eliminate the vicious thorns of its wild cousins . Since harvesting is still a labor - intensive task , palm hearts are regarded as a delicacy . </P> <P> As of 2008 , Costa Rica is the primary source of fresh palm hearts in the US . The Edible Palm Company located in Orlando , Florida has been the largest importer of sustainably farmed Fresh Hearts of Palm from Costa Rica to the United States since 2002 . Peach palm is also cultivated in Hawaii , and now has limited distribution on the mainland , primarily to the restaurant trade . Florida 's wild Sabal palmetto or cabbage palm was once a source of hearts of palm but is now protected by conservation law . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Harvesting </Li> <Li> 2 Nutrition </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Harvesting ( edit ) </H2> Heart of palm being prepared in Brazil for sale <P> When harvesting the cultivated young palm , the tree is cut down and the bark is removed leaving layers of white fibers around the center core . During processing the fibers are removed leaving the center core or heart of palm . The center core is attached to a slightly more fibrous cylindrical base with a larger diameter . The entire cylindrical center core and the attached base are edible . The center core is considered more of a delicacy because of its lower fiber content . </P> <H2> Nutrition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Heart of Palm <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nutritional value per 100 g ( 3.5 oz ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Energy </Th> <Td> 79.5 kJ ( 19.0 kcal ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carbohydrates </Th> <Td> 3.1 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sugars </Th> <Td> 0.0 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dietary fiber </Th> <Td> 1.6 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fat </Th> <Td> 0.39 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Protein </Th> <Td> 1.55 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamins </Th> <Td> ( % DV ) Qty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin A equiv . </Th> <Td> ( 3 % ) 23.4 μg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vitamin C </Th> <Td> ( 2 % ) 1.9 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Minerals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Calcium </Th> <Td> ( 5 % ) 47 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iron </Th> <Td> ( 16 % ) 2.09 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sodium </Th> <Td> ( 23 % ) 349 mg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Link to USDA Database entry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Units </Li> <Li> μg = micrograms mg = milligrams </Li> <Li> IU = International units </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults . Source : USDA Nutrient Database </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Hearts of palm are rich in fibers , potassium , iron , zinc , phosphorus , copper , vitamins B2 , B6 , and C. ( 1 ) </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Deckenia nobilis </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to heart of palm . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Sylvester , O. ; Avalos , G. ( 2009 ) . Illegal palm heart ( Geonoma edulis ) harvest in Costa Rican national parks : patterns of consumption and extraction . Economic Botany. 63 ( 2 ) : 179 - 189 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Zeldes , Leah A. ( 2010 - 11 - 17 ) . `` Eat this ! Heart of palm , an exotic taste of the tropics '' . Dining Chicago . Chicago 's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide , Inc . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 18 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Rose Kahele ( August -- September 2007 ) . `` Big Island Hearts '' . Hana Hou ! Vol. 10 , No. 4 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_of_palm&oldid=835623424 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Edible palms </Li> <Li> Stem vegetables </Li> <Li> Latin American cuisine </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Gaelg </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Basa Jawa </Li> <Li> Latina </Li> <Li> Lietuvių </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Tagalog </Li> 11 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 9 April 2018 , at 20 : 15 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

Hearts of palm come from

Where do the hearts of palm come from?

-8210906804004340673

- time coach following the 25 -- 9 ( 11 -- 5 ) 1997 -- 98 season in which he led the team to victories over Iowa , Minnesota and Purdue to capture the Big Ten Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament championship . His subsequent teams never finished better than seventh in the conference . </P> <H3> Amaker era ( 2001 -- 07 ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tommy Amaker inherited a team that imposed sanctions on itself after his first year at the helm of the program . Nonetheless , he coached the team to the postseason three times including both an NIT championship in 2004 and a runner - up finish in 2006 . During the 2005 -- 06 , when the team compiled a 22 -- 11 overall ( 8 -- 8 , Big Ten ) record , he led them to their first national ranking in eight years when they reached the # 20 position . Despite his successes , the team never won a Big Ten Championship and never made the NCAA tournament , which led to his firing after six seasons . </P> <H3> Beilein era ( 2007 -- present ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> John Beilein 's 10 -- 22 overall ( 5 -- 13 Big Ten ) inaugural season featured the most losses in Michigan 's history . However , in Beilein 's second season , the team posted impressive non-conference victories over top - five ranked opponents UCLA and Duke . Beilein led Michigan to the 2009 NCAA Tournament , its first appearance since 1998 and the first that was not vacated since 1995 . After upsetting Clemson in the first round , the Wolverines were eliminated by Oklahoma in Round 2 by a final score of 73 -- 63 . </P> <P> Following a disappointing 15 -- 17 season in 2009 -- 10 , the Wolverines bounced back to return to the NCAA Tournament in 2011 , advancing to the round of 32 before losing to top - seeded Duke , 73 -- 71 . The 2010 -- 11 Wolverines , who swept rival Michigan State for the first time since 1997 , finished the season 21 -- 14 . In the 2011 -- 12 season , Michigan split the season series with both Ohio State and Michigan State and went on to be co-Big Ten champs along with the Buckeyes and Spartans . It was the program 's first Big Ten title for Michigan since 1986 . The Wolverines finished the season 24 - 10 and 13 - 5 in conference play , losing in the opening round of the NCAA Tournament . </P> <P> The 2012 -- 13 Michigan team earned a # 1 ranking in the AP Poll on January 28 , 2013 , marking the first time since November 30 , 1992 , that Michigan held that position . The team also made program history for the best season start , at 21 -- 2 . On March 31 , The Wolverines defeated Florida by a score of 79 -- 59 to make their first Final Four appearance since the 1992 -- 93 season . The Wolverines then defeated Syracuse by a score of 61 -- 56 in the Final Four . In the 2013 National Championship game , the Wolverines lost against Louisville by the score of 82 -- 76 . </P> <P> The 2013 -- 14 team had another strong season , winning Michigan 's first outright Big Ten championship since 1986 and advancing to the Elite Eight of the NCAA tournament , where it lost to Kentucky , 75 -- 72 . </P> <P> During the 2016 -- 17 season , Beilein became the winningest coach in school history , passing Johnny Orr with his 210th win , 75 -- 55 over Illinois on March 9 in the opening round of the 2017 Big Ten Tournament . Michigan went on to win the tournament , its first since the vacated 1998 title , winning four games in four days as the # 8 seed and capping it off with a 71 -- 56 championship victory over Wisconsin . </P> <P> During the 2017 -- 18 season , Beilein 's Wolverines again won four games in four days to win back - to - back Big Ten Tournament championships for the first time in school history . The team went on to win the West regional title and advance to the Final Four following its win over Florida State , 58 - 54 . The win improved the team 's record to 32 - 7 , marking a new school record for victories . The 2017 -- 18 Michigan Wolverines men 's basketball team moved on to the NCAA tournament championship , where they lost against Villanova to a score of 79 - 62 . </P> <H2> Coaching Staff ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of March 3 , 2018 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position coached </Th> <Th> Consecutive season at Michigan in current position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> Head coach </Td> <Td> 11th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saddi Washington </Td> <Td> Assistant Coach </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> DeAndre Haynes </Td> <Td> Assistant Coach </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luke Yaklich </Td> <Td> Assistant Coach </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris Hunter </Td> <Td> Director of Basketball Operations </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jon Sanderson </Td> <Td> Head Strength and Conditioning Coach </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alex Wong , Mississippi , AT , ATC </Td> <Td> Athletic Trainer </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bryan Smothers </Td> <Td> Graduate Assistant </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Devon Mulry </Td> <Td> Graduate Manager </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Reference : </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Championships ( edit ) </H2> <H3> NCAA National Championships ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Site </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Big Ten Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Steve Fisher </Td> <Td> Seton Hall </Td> <Td> 80 -- 79 ( OT ) </Td> <Td> Seattle </Td> <Td> 30 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> National Championships </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Big Ten Regular Season Championships ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Conference Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1921 § </Td> <Td> E.J. Mather </Td> <Td> 18 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 § </Td> <Td> E.J. Mather </Td> <Td> 12 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> E.J. Mather </Td> <Td> 14 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 § </Td> <Td> George Veenker </Td> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Ozzie Cowles </Td> <Td> 16 -- 6 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 § </Td> <Td> Dave Strack </Td> <Td> 23 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Dave Strack </Td> <Td> 24 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Dave Strack </Td> <Td> 18 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1974 § </Td> <Td> Johnny Orr </Td> <Td> 22 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Johnny Orr </Td> <Td> 26 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 16 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Bill Frieder </Td> <Td> 26 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 16 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Bill Frieder </Td> <Td> 28 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 14 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 § </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> 28 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 15 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Big Ten Regular Season Championships </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 14 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> § -- Conference co-champions </P> <H3> Big Ten Tournament Championships ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Site </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Big Ten Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 71 -- 56 </Td> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> 26 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> Purdue </Td> <Td> 75 -- 66 </Td> <Td> New York City </Td> <Td> 33 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Big Ten Tournament Championships </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> * Later vacated by NCAA </P> <H2> Rivalries ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Duke -- Michigan basketball rivalry </Li> <Li> Michigan -- Michigan State basketball rivalry </Li> <Li> Michigan -- Ohio State basketball rivalry </Li> </Ul> <H3> Record against Big Ten opponents ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Series record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> 84 * -- 87 ( 80 -- 87 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> 61 * -- 106 ( 58 -- 106 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iowa </Td> <Td> 94 * -- 63 ( 90 -- 63 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maryland </Td> <Td> 6 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michigan State </Td> <Td> 100 * -- 81 ( 93 -- 81 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 93 * -- 66 ( 87 -- 66 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> 15 * -- 3 ( 14 -- 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northwestern </Td> <Td> 112 * -- 59 ( 106 -- 59 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 78 * -- 102 ( 72 -- 102 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Penn State </Td> <Td> 35 * -- 12 ( 29 -- 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Purdue </Td> <Td> 71 * -- 88 ( 66 -- 88 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rutgers </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 94 * -- 71 ( 87 -- 71 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total </Td> <Td> 853 * -- 745 ( 798 -- 745 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Totals through March 4 , 2018 </P> <H2> Fab Five ( edit ) </H2> The Fab Five during their sophomore year , Crisler Arena , Ann Arbor , Michigan . From left to right , Jimmy King , Jalen Rose , Chris Webber , Ray Jackson , Juwan Howard . <P> The Fab Five , the 1991 recruiting class of five freshman starters , were Chris Webber , Juwan Howard , Jalen Rose , Jimmy King , and Ray Jackson . They were notable for having gone to the championship game of the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament as freshmen and sophomores , for having started the trend of wearing baggy gym shorts , which was later popularized by Michael Jordan , and for wearing black athletic socks . Due to the Ed Martin scandal , the records from their 1992 Final Four appearance and the entire following season have been forfeited . Although Webber was the only member of the Fab Five officially implicated with the scandal , the reputation of the whole group has been tarnished . Webber ( 1993 ) , Howard ( 1994 ) and Rose ( 1992 , 1994 ) were college basketball All - Americans . and both King ( 1995 3rd team and 1993 & 1994 honorable mention ) and Jackson ( 1995 2nd team & 1994 honorable mention ) achieved All - Big Ten honors . All but Jackson played in the NBA . They were the subject of Mitch Albom 's book entitled Fab Five : Basketball , Trash Talk , the American Dream , which at one point was under development by Fox Television

Michigan last won a national championship in basketball in

When's the last time michigan won a national championship in basketball?

-1193226579720149698

<Li> Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Topics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Conflicts </Li> <Li> Clans </Li> <Li> Kingdoms </Li> <Li> States </Li> <Li> Gaelic monarchs </Li> <Li> British monarchs </Li> <Li> Economic history </Li> <Li> History of the Irish language </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Part of a series on the </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of the British Isles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Overview ( show ) <Ul> <Li> United Kingdom <Ul> <Li> England <Ul> <Li> Isle of Wight </Li> <Li> Isles of Scilly </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Scotland <Ul> <Li> Shetland </Li> <Li> Orkney </Li> <Li> Inner Hebrides </Li> <Li> Outer Hebrides </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Wales <Ul> <Li> Anglesey </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Northern Ireland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ireland </Li> <Li> Isle of Man ( Mann ) </Li> <Li> Channel Islands <Ul> <Li> Jersey </Li> <Li> Guernsey </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prehistoric period ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Prehistoric Britain <Ul> <Li> Prehistoric England </Li> <Li> Prehistoric Scotland <Ul> <Li> Prehistoric Shetland </Li> <Li> Prehistoric Orkney </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Prehistoric Wales </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Prehistoric Ireland </Li> <Li> Prehistoric Mann </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Classical period ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Roman Britain </Li> <Li> Roman Scotland </Li> <Li> Roman Wales </Li> <Li> Protohistoric Ireland , Roman Ireland </Li> <Li> Sub-Roman Britain </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Medieval period ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Medieval England <Ul> <Li> Early medieval England </Li> <Li> High medieval England </Li> <Li> Late medieval England </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Medieval Scotland <Ul> <Li> Early medieval Scotland </Li> <Li> High medieval Scotland </Li> <Li> Late medieval Scotland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Medieval Wales <Ul> <Li> Early medieval Wales </Li> <Li> High medieval Wales </Li> <Li> Late medieval Wales </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Medieval Ireland <Ul> <Li> Early medieval Ireland </Li> <Li> High medieval Ireland </Li> <Li> Late medieval Ireland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Medieval Mann </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Early modern period ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Early modern Britain </Li> <Li> Early modern England </Li> <Li> Early modern Scotland </Li> <Li> Early modern Wales </Li> <Li> Early modern Ireland </Li> <Li> Early modern Mann </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Late modern period ( show ) <Ul> <Li> United Kingdom ( since 1707 ) <Ul> <Li> Victorian period </Li> <Li> Edwardian period </Li> <Li> First World War </Li> <Li> Interwar period </Li> <Li> Second World War </Li> <Li> Post-war period ( political history ) </Li> <Li> Post-war period ( social history ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Late modern Ireland </Li> <Li> Late modern Mann </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Prehistoric Ireland spans a period from the first known evidence of human presence dated to about 10,000 years ago until the emergence of `` protohistoric '' Gaelic Ireland at the time of Christianization in the 5th century . Christianity subsumed or replaced the earlier polytheism and other forms of Celtic paganism by the end of the 7th century . </P> <P> The Norman invasion of the late 12th century marked the beginning of more than 800 years of direct English rule and , later , British involvement in Ireland . In 1177 Prince John Lackland was made Lord of Ireland by his father Henry II of England at the Council of Oxford . The Crown did not attempt to assert full control of the island until the rebellion of the Earl of Kildare threatened English hegemony . Henry VIII proclaimed himself King of Ireland and also tried to introduce the English Reformation , which failed in Ireland . Attempts to either conquer or assimilate the Irish lordships into the Kingdom of Ireland provided the initial impetus for a series of Irish military campaigns between 1534 and 1603 . This period was marked by a Crown policy of plantation , involving the arrival of thousands of English and Scottish Protestant settlers , and the consequent displacement of the pre-plantation Catholic landholders . As the military and political defeat of Gaelic Ireland became more pronounced in the early seventeenth century , sectarian conflict became a recurrent theme in Irish history . </P> <P> The 1614 overthrow of the Catholic majority in the Irish Parliament was realised principally through the creation of numerous new boroughs which were dominated by the new settlers . By the end of the seventeenth century , recusants ( as adherents to the older religion were now termed ) , representing some 85 % of Ireland 's population , were then banned from the Irish Parliament . Protestant domination of Ireland was confirmed after two periods of war between Catholics and Protestants in 1641 - 52 and 1689 - 91 . Political power thereafter rested entirely in the hands of a Protestant Ascendancy minority , while Catholics and members of dissenting Protestant denominations suffered severe political and economic privations under the Penal Laws . The Irish Parliament was abolished from 1 January 1801 in the wake of the republican United Irishmen Rebellion and Ireland became an integral part of a new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the provisions of the Acts of Union 1800 . Although promised a repeal of the Test Act , Catholics were not granted full rights until Catholic Emancipation was attained throughout the new UK in 1829 . This was followed by the first Irish Reform Act 1832 , a principal condition of which was the removal of the poorer Irish freeholders from the franchise . </P> <P> The Irish Parliamentary Party strove from the 1880s to attain Home Rule through the parliamentary constitutional movement , eventually winning the Home Rule Act 1914 , although this Act was suspended at the outbreak of World War I . The Easter Rising staged by republicans two years later brought physical force republicanism back to the forefront of Irish politics . </P> <P> In 1922 , after the Irish War of Independence and the Anglo - Irish Treaty , most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State , which after the 1937 constitution , began to call itself Ireland . The six northeastern counties , known as Northern Ireland , remained within the United Kingdom . The Irish Civil War followed soon after the War of Independence . The history of Northern Ireland has since been dominated by sporadic sectarian conflict between ( mainly Catholic ) Irish nationalists and ( mainly Protestant ) unionists . This conflict erupted into the Troubles in the late 1960s , until peace was achieved with the Belfast Agreement thirty years later . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Prehistory ( 10,500 BC -- 400 AD ) <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Stone Age to Bronze Age </Li> <Li> 1.2 Iron Age </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Early Christian Ireland ( 400 -- 800 ) </Li> <Li> 3 Early medieval and Viking era ( 800 -- 1166 ) </Li> <Li> 4 Norman Ireland ( 1168 -- 1535 ) <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Arrival of the Normans </Li> <Li> 4.2 Lordship of Ireland </Li> <Li> 4.3 Gaelic resurgence and Norman decline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Early modern Ireland ( 1536 -- 1691 ) <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Conquest and rebellion </Li> <Li> 5.2 Wars and penal laws <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Slavery </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Protestant ascendancy ( 1691 -- 1801 ) </Li> <Li> 7 Union with Great Britain ( 1801 -- 1912 ) </Li> <Li> 8 Home Rule , Easter Rising and War of Independence ( 1912 -- 1922 ) </Li> <Li> 9 Free State and Republic ( 1922 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 10 Northern Ireland ( 1921 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> 10.1 `` A Protestant state '' ( 1921 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> 10.2 Direct rule ( 1972 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> 10.3 Devolution and direct rule ( 1999 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Modern Ireland </Li> <Li> 12 Flags in Ireland </Li> <Li> 13 Historiography <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Relations with Britain </Li> <Li> 13.2 Recent approaches </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 See also </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 16.1 Historiography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 17 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Prehistory ( 10,500 BC -- 400 AD ) ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Prehistoric Ireland <H3> Stone Age to Bronze Age ( edit ) </H3> Ireland during the Ice Age <P> What is known of pre-Christian Ireland comes from references in Roman writings , Irish poetry and myth , and archaeology . While some possible Paleolithic tools have been found , none of the finds are convincing of Paleolithic settlement in Ireland . However a bear bone found in Alice and Gwendoline Cave , County Clare , in 1903 may push back dates for the earliest human settlement of Ireland to 10,500 BC . The bone shows clear signs of cut marks with stone tools , and has been radiocarbon dated to 12,500 years ago . </P> <P> The earliest confirmed inhabitants of Ireland were Mesolithic hunter - gatherers , who arrived some time around 7900 BC . While some authors take the view that a land bridge connecting Ireland to Great Britain still existed at that time , more recent studies indicate that Ireland was separated from Britain by c. 14,000 BC , when the climate was still cold and local ice caps persisted in parts of the country . The people remained hunter - gatherers until about 4000 BC . It is argued this is when the first signs of agriculture started to show , leading to the establishment of a Neolithic culture , characterised by the appearance of pottery , polished stone tools , rectangular wooden houses , megalithic tombs , and domesticated sheep and cattle . Some of these tombs , as at Knowth and Dowth , are huge stone monuments and many of them , such as the Passage Tombs of Newgrange , are astronomically aligned . Four main types of Irish Megalithic Tombs have been identified : dolmens , court cairns , passage tombs and wedge - shaped gallery graves . In Leinster and Munster , individual adult males were buried in small stone structures , called cists , under earthen mounds and were accompanied by distinctive decorated pottery . This culture apparently prospered , and the island became more densely populated . Near the end of the Neolithic new types of monuments developed , such as circular embanked enclosures and timber , stone and post and pit circles . </P> Newgrange , built c. 3200 BC , is an Irish passage tomb located at Brú na Bóinne . <P> The Bronze Age , which came to Ireland around 2000 BC , saw the production of elaborate gold and bronze ornaments , weapons and tools . There was a movement away from the construction of communal megalithic tombs to the burial of the dead in small stone cists or simple pits , which could be situated in cemeteries or in circular earth or stone built burial mounds known respectively as barrows and cairns . As the period progressed , inhumation burial gave way to cremation and by the Middle Bronze Age , remains were often placed beneath large burial urns . </P> <H3> Iron Age ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Hibernia <P> The Iron Age in Ireland began about 600 BC . The period between the start of the Iron Age and the historic period ( 431 AD ) saw the gradual infiltration of small groups of Celtic - speaking people into Ireland , with items of the continental Celtic La Tene style being found in at least the northern part of the island by about 300 BC . The result of a gradual blending of Celtic and indigenous cultures would result in the emergence of Gaelic culture by the fifth century . It is also during the fifth century that

Ireland gained its independence from England

When did ireland gain its independence from england?

-3064086919220674644

Great plague of London - wikipedia <H1> Great plague of London </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Collecting the dead for burial during the Great Plague <P> The Great Plague , lasting from 1665 to 1666 , was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England . It happened within the centuries - long time period of the Second Pandemic , an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which began in Europe in 1347 , the first year of the Black Death , an outbreak which included other forms such as pneumonic plague , and lasted until 1750 . </P> <P> The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people -- almost a quarter of London 's population -- in 18 months . The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium , which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea . </P> <P> The 1665 -- 66 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the `` great '' plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400 - year timespan of the Second Pandemic . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 London in 1665 </Li> <Li> 2 The recording of deaths </Li> <Li> 3 Preventative measures </Li> <Li> 4 Outbreak <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Early days </Li> <Li> 4.2 Exodus from the city </Li> <Li> 4.3 Height of the epidemic </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 6 Impact </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> London in 1665 ( edit ) </H2> Map of London by Wenceslas Hollar , c. 1665 <P> As in other European cities of the period , the plague was endemic in 17th century London . The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics . There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603 , 35,000 in 1625 , and 10,000 in 1636 , as well as smaller numbers in other years . </P> <P> During the winter of 1664 , a bright comet was to be seen in the sky and the people of London were fearful , wondering what evil event it portended . London at that time consisted of a city of about 448 acres surrounded by a city wall , which had originally been built to keep out raiding bands . There were gates at Ludgate , Newgate , Aldersgate , Cripplegate , Moorgate and Bishopsgate and to the south lay the River Thames and London Bridge . In the poorer parts of the city , hygiene was impossible to maintain in the overcrowded tenements and garrets . There was no sanitation , and open drains flowed along the centre of winding streets . The cobbles were slippery with animal dung , rubbish and the slops thrown out of the houses , muddy and buzzing with flies in summer and awash with sewage in winter . The City Corporation employed `` rakers '' to remove the worst of the filth and it was transported to mounds outside the walls where it accumulated and continued to decompose . The stench was overwhelming and people walked around with handkerchiefs or nosegays pressed against their nostrils . </P> <P> Some of the city 's necessities such as coal arrived by barge , but most came by road . Carts , carriages , horses and pedestrians were crowded together and the gateways in the wall formed bottlenecks through which it was difficult to progress . The nineteen - arch London Bridge was even more congested . The better - off used hackney carriages and sedan chairs to get to their destinations without getting filthy . The poor walked , and might be splashed by the wheeled vehicles and drenched by slops being thrown out and water falling from the overhanging roofs . Another hazard was the choking black smoke belching forth from factories which made soap , from breweries and iron smelters and from about 15,000 houses burning coal . </P> <P> Outside the city walls , suburbs had sprung up providing homes for the craftsmen and tradespeople who flocked to the already overcrowded city . These were shanty towns with wooden shacks and no sanitation . The government had tried to control this development but had failed and over a quarter of a million people lived here . Other immigrants had taken over fine town houses , vacated by Royalists who had fled the country during the Commonwealth , converting them into tenements with different families in every room . These properties were soon vandalised and became rat - infested slums . </P> <P> Administration of the City of London was organised by the Lord Mayor , Aldermen and common councillors , but not all of the inhabited area generally comprising London was legally part of the City . Both inside the City and outside its boundaries there were also Liberties , which were areas of varying sizes which historically had been granted rights to self - government . Many had been associated with religious institutions , and when these were abolished in the Dissolution of the Monasteries , their historic rights were transferred along with their property to new owners . The walled City was surrounded by a ring of Liberties which had come under its authority , contemporarily called ' the City and Liberties ' , but these were surrounded by further suburbs with varying administrations . Westminster was an independent town with its own liberties , although it was joined to London by urban development . The Tower of London was an independent liberty , as were others . Areas north of the river not part of one of these administrations came under the authority of the county of Middlesex , and south of the river under Surrey . </P> The `` Woodcut '' map of London , dating from the 1560s <P> At that time , bubonic plague was a much feared disease but its cause was not understood . The credulous blamed emanations from the earth , `` pestilential effluviums '' , unusual weather , sickness in livestock , abnormal behaviour of animals or an increase in the numbers of moles , frogs , mice or flies . It was not until 1894 that the identification by Alexandre Yersin of its causal agent Yersinia pestis was made and the transmission of the bacterium by rat fleas became known . Although the Great Plague in London had long been believed to be bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis , this was only definitively confirmed by DNA analysis in 2016 . </P> <H2> The recording of deaths ( edit ) </H2> <P> In order to judge the severity of an epidemic , it is first necessary to know how big the population was in which it occurred . There was no official census of the population to provide this figure , and the best contemporary count comes from the work of John Graunt ( 1620 -- 1674 ) , who was one of the earliest Fellows of the Royal Society and one of the first demographers , bringing a scientific approach to the collection of statistics . In 1662 , he estimated that 384,000 people lived in the City of London , the Liberties , Westminster and the out - parishes , based on figures in the bills of mortality published each week in the capital . These different districts with different administrations constituted the officially recognised extent of London as a whole . In 1665 , he revised his estimate to ' not above 460,000 ' . Other contemporaries put the figure higher , ( the French Ambassador , for example , suggested 600,000 ) but with no mathematical basis to support their estimates . The next largest city in the kingdom was Norwich , with a population of 30,000 . </P> Infected Oriental rat flea . Yersinia pestis bacteria appear as a dark mass in the gut . The bacteria block the flea 's digestive system , leaving it hungry but unable to eat . Instead , when it tries to feed , it regurgitates Yersinia into the wound . <P> There was no duty to report a death to anyone in authority . Instead , each parish appointed two or more ' searchers of the dead ' , whose duty was to inspect a corpse and determine the cause of death . A searcher was entitled to charge a small fee from relatives for each death they reported , and so habitually the parish would appoint someone to the post who would otherwise be destitute and would be receiving support from the parish poor rate . Typically , this meant searchers would be old women who were illiterate , might know little about identifying diseases and who would be open to dishonesty . Searchers would typically learn about a death either from the local sexton who had been asked to dig a grave , or from the tolling of a church bell . Anyone who did not report a death to their local church , such as Quakers , Anabaptists , other non-Anglican Christians or Jews , frequently did not get included in the official records . Searchers during times of plague were required to live apart from the community and stay indoors except when performing their duties , for fear of spreading the diseases . Outside they should avoid other people and always carry a white stick to warn of their occupation . Searchers reported to the Parish Clerk , who made a return each week to the Company of Parish Clerks in Brode Lane . Figures were then passed to the Lord Mayor and then to the Minister of State once plague became a matter of national concern . The reported figures were used to compile the Bills of Mortality , which listed total deaths in each parish and whether by plague . The system of Searchers to report the cause of death continued until 1836 . </P> <P> Graunt recorded the incompetence of the Searchers at identifying true causes of death , remarking on the frequent recording of ' consumption ' rather than other diseases which were recognised then by physicians . He suggested a cup of ale and a doubling of their fee to two groats rather than one was sufficient for Searchers to change the cause of death to one more convenient for the householders . No one wished to be known as having had a death by plague in their household , and Parish Clerks , too , connived in covering up cases of plague in their official returns . Analysis of the Bills of Mortality during the months plague took hold shows a rise in deaths other than by plague well above the average death rate , which has been attributed to misrepresentation of the true cause of death . As plague spread , a system of quarantine was introduced , whereby any house where someone had died from plague would be locked up and no one allowed to enter or leave for 40 days . This frequently led to the deaths of the other inhabitants , by neglect if not from plague , and provided ample incentive not to report the disease . The official returns record 68,596 cases of plague , but a reasonable estimate suggests this figure is 30,000 short of the true total . A plague house was marked with a red cross on the door with the words `` Lord have mercy upon us '' , and a watchman stood guard outside . </P> <H2> Preventative measures ( edit ) </H2> <P> Reports of plague around Europe began to reach England in the 1660s , causing the Privy Council to consider what steps might be taken to prevent it crossing to England . Quarantining of ships had been used during previous outbreaks and was again introduced for ships coming to London in November 1663 , following outbreaks in Amsterdam and Hamburg . Two naval ships were assigned to intercept any vessels entering

The Great Plague of London occurred from

When did the great plague of london start and end?

420079414272131921

Pride and Prejudice - wikipedia <H1> Pride and Prejudice </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the novel . For other uses , see Pride and Prejudice ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Pride and Prejudice <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Jane Austen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> T. Egerton , Whitehall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 28 January 1813 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( Hardback , 3 volumes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 38659585 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dewey Decimal </Th> <Td> 823.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Sense and Sensibility </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> Mansfield Park </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel by Jane Austen , first published in 1813 . The story charts the emotional development of the protagonist , Elizabeth Bennet , who learns the error of making hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between the superficial and the essential . The comedy of the writing lies in the depiction of manners , education , marriage , and money during the British Regency period . </P> <P> Mr. Bennet of the Longbourn estate has five daughters , but his property is entailed , meaning that none of the girls can inherit it . His wife has no fortune , so it is imperative that at least one of the girls marry well in order to support the others on his death . Jane Austen 's opening line , `` It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife '' is a sentence filled with irony and playfulness . The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love , not simply for money , despite the social pressures to make a good ( i.e. wealthy ) match . </P> <P> Pride and Prejudice retains the fascination of modern readers , consistently appearing near the top of lists of `` most - loved books '' among both literary scholars and the general public . It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature , with over 20 million copies sold , and paved the way for many archetypes that abound in modern literature . Continuing interest in the book has resulted in a number of dramatic adaptations and an abundance of novels and stories imitating Austen 's memorable characters or themes . The 2005 film , Pride and Prejudice , starring Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen is the most recent Hollywood adaption of the book . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 2 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3 Major themes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Marriage </Li> <Li> 3.2 Wealth </Li> <Li> 3.3 Class </Li> <Li> 3.4 Self knowledge </Li> <Li> 3.5 Style </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Development of the novel </Li> <Li> 5 Publication history </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 At first publication </Li> <Li> 6.2 Late 19th to 21st centuries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Adaptations <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Film , television and theatre </Li> <Li> 7.2 Literature </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The novel opens with Mrs. Bennet trying to persuade Mr. Bennet to visit Mr. Bingley , an eligible bachelor who has arrived in the neighborhood . After some verbal sparring with Mr. Bennet baiting his wife , it transpires that this visit has already taken place at Netherfield , Mr. Bingley 's rented house . The visit is followed by an invitation to a ball at the local assembly rooms that the whole neighbourhood will attend . </P> <P> At the ball , Mr. Bingley is open and cheerful , popular with all the guests , and appears to be very attracted to the beautiful Miss Jane Bennet . His friend , Mr. Darcy , is reputed to be twice as wealthy ; however , he is haughty and aloof . He declines to dance with Elizabeth , suggesting that she is not pretty enough to tempt him . She finds this amusing and jokes about the statement with her friends . Mr. Bingley 's sister , Caroline , later invites Jane to visit . </P> <P> When Jane visits Miss Bingley , she is caught in a rain shower on the way and comes down with a serious cold . Elizabeth visits the ill Jane at Netherfield . There Darcy begins to be attracted to Elizabeth , while Miss Bingley becomes jealous , since she has designs on Darcy herself . </P> Illustration by Hugh Thomson representing Mr. Collins , protesting that he never reads novels <P> Mr. Collins , a cousin of Mr. Bennet and heir to the Longbourn estate , visits the Bennet family . He is a pompous and obsequious clergyman , who expects each of the Bennet girls to wish to marry him due to his inheritance . He quickly decides to propose to Elizabeth when he is led to believe Jane is taken . </P> <P> Elizabeth and her family meet the dashing and charming George Wickham , who singles out Elizabeth and tells her a story of the hardship that Mr. Darcy has caused him by depriving him of a living ( position as clergyman in a prosperous parish with good revenue that , once granted , is for life ) promised to him by Mr. Darcy 's late father . Elizabeth 's dislike of Mr. Darcy is confirmed . </P> <P> At a ball at Netherfield , Elizabeth reluctantly dances with Mr. Darcy . Other than Jane and Elizabeth , several members of the Bennet family show a distinct lack of decorum . Mrs. Bennet hints loudly that she fully expects Jane and Bingley to become engaged and the younger Bennet sisters otherwise expose the family to ridicule . </P> <P> Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth , who rejects him , to the fury of her mother and the relief of her father . Shortly thereafter , they receive news that the Bingleys are suddenly leaving for London , with no intention to return . After his humiliating rejection by Elizabeth , Mr. Collins proposes to Charlotte Lucas , a sensible young woman and Elizabeth 's friend . Charlotte is slightly older and is grateful to receive a proposal that will guarantee her a comfortable home . Elizabeth is aghast at such pragmatism in matters of love . Heartbroken , Jane goes to visit her Aunt and Uncle Gardiner at an unfashionable address in London . Miss Bingley clearly does not want to continue the friendship and Jane is upset though very composed . </P> <P> In the spring , Elizabeth visits Charlotte and Mr. Collins in Kent . Elizabeth and her hosts are invited to Rosings Park , the imposing home of Lady Catherine de Bourgh , patroness of Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy 's extremely wealthy aunt . She expects Mr. Darcy to marry her daughter . Mr. Darcy and his cousin , Colonel Fitzwilliam , are also visiting at Rosings Park . Colonel Fitzwilliam tells Elizabeth how Mr. Darcy managed to save a friend from a bad match . Elizabeth realizes the story must refer to Jane and is horrified that Darcy has interfered and caused her sister so much pain . Mr. Darcy , meanwhile , has fallen in love with Elizabeth and proposes to her . She rejects him angrily , stating that she could not love a man who has caused her sister such unhappiness and further accuses him of treating Mr. Wickham unjustly . The latter accusation seems to anger Mr. Darcy , and he accuses her family of wanting propriety and suggests he has been kinder to Bingley than himself . They part , barely speaking . </P> <P> Later , Mr. Darcy gives Elizabeth a letter , explaining that Mr. Wickham had refused the living he claimed he was deprived of , and was given money for it instead . Wickham proceeded to waste the money and , then impoverished , demanded the living again . After being refused , he tried to elope with Darcy 's 15 - year - old sister , Georgiana , for her great dowry . Darcy also writes that he believed Jane , because of her reserved behavior , did not love Mr. Bingley . Darcy apologizes for hurting Jane and Elizabeth begins to change her opinion of Mr. Darcy . </P> Elizabeth tells her father that Darcy was responsible for uniting Lydia and Wickham , one of the two earliest illustrations of Pride and Prejudice . The clothing styles reflect the time the illustration was engraved ( the 1830s ) , not the time in which the novel was written or set . <P> Some months later , Elizabeth and her Aunt and Uncle Gardiner visit Darcy 's estate in Derbyshire , Pemberley . On a tour there , Elizabeth hears the housekeeper describe him as being kind and generous . When Mr. Darcy returns unexpectedly , he is overwhelmingly kind and later invites Elizabeth and the Gardiners to meet his sister and go fishing . Elizabeth is surprised and delighted by the kindness to herself and her aunt and uncle . She then suddenly receives news from Longbourn that her sister Lydia had eloped with Mr. Wickham . She tells Mr. Darcy immediately and departs in haste , believing she will never see him again , since Lydia 's disgrace has ruined the family 's good name . </P> <P> After an agonizing wait , Mr. Wickham is somehow persuaded to marry Lydia . With some degree of decency restored , Lydia visits her family and tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy was at her wedding . Mrs. Gardiner informs Elizabeth that it is Mr. Darcy who has made the match at great expense , and hints that he may have `` another motive '' for doing so . </P> <P> At this point , Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy return to Netherfield . Shortly thereafter , Bingley proposes to Jane and is accepted . Lady Catherine , having heard rumors that Elizabeth intends to marry Darcy , visits Elizabeth and demands that she promise not to accept his proposal . Elizabeth makes no such promise and Lady Catherine leaves , outraged by Elizabeth 's perceived insolence . Darcy , heartened by Elizabeth 's refusal to promise that she would n't accept such a proposal , again proposes to Elizabeth and is accepted . He visits Longbourn to ask Mr. Bennet for his permission . Elizabeth wants her father to understand that she is not marrying for money , and it is only after she speaks about Mr. Darcy 's true worth that he is happy about the wedding . </P> <H2> Main characters ( edit ) </H2> Scenes from `` Pride and Prejudice '' , by C.E. Brock <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Character genealogy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Mr. Hurst </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Mrs. Louisa Hurst </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Mr. Philips </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Caroline Bingley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Mrs. Philips </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="6">

The book Pride and Prejudice was written in

When was the book pride and prejudice written?

3206386096607228268

Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? - Wikipedia <H1> Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the 1975 documentary film , see Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? ( film ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sheet music cover for Americana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by Jay Gorney and E.Y. `` Yip '' Harburg </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written </Th> <Td> 1930 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> American pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jay Gorney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lyricist ( s ) </Th> <Td> E.Y. `` Yip '' Harburg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? '' Rudy Vallee 's recording is one of the most famous versions . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? '' , also sung as `` Buddy , Can You Spare a Dime ? '' , is one of the best - known American songs of the Great Depression . Written in 1930 by lyricist E.Y. `` Yip '' Harburg and composer Jay Gorney , `` Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? '' was part of the 1932 musical revue Americana ; the melody is based on a Russian - Jewish lullaby Gorney 's mother had sung to him as a child . It was considered by Republicans to be anti-capitalist propaganda , and almost dropped from the show ; attempts were made to ban it from the radio . The song became best known , however , through recordings by Bing Crosby and Rudy Vallee . They were released right before Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's election to the presidency . The Brunswick Crosby recording made on October 25 , 1932 with Lennie Hayton and his Orchestra became the best - selling record of its period , and came to be viewed as an anthem to the shattered dreams of the era . </P> <P> </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Summary </Li> <Li> 2 Musical structure </Li> <Li> 3 Update </Li> <Li> 4 Other recordings </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the song a beggar talks back to the system that stole his job . Gorney said in an interview in 1974 `` I did n't want a song to depress people . I wanted to write a song to make people think . It is n't a hand - me - out song of ' give me a dime , I 'm starving , I 'm bitter ' , it was n't that kind of sentimentality '' . The song asks why the men who built the nation -- built the railroads , built the skyscrapers -- who fought in the war ( World War I ) , who tilled the earth , who did what their nation asked of them should , now that the work is done and their labor no longer necessary , find themselves abandoned and in bread lines . Asking for an act of charity , the singer requests a Dime ( equivalent to $1.46 in 2017 ) . </P> <P> It refers to `` Yankee Doodle Dum '' , a reference to patriotism , and the evocation of veterans also recalls protests about military bonuses payable only after 21 years , which were a topical issue . </P> <H2> Musical structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song has unusual structure for a Broadway song . Firstly , rather than starting in a major key , as most Broadway songs do , it begins in a minor key , which is darker and more appropriate for the Depression . When discussing the prosperous past and building the railroads , the song jumps an octave and moves briefly into a major key , evoking energy and optimism . It then reverts to the augmented dominant of the minor key in the word `` time '' in the line `` Once I built a railroad , made it run / Made it race against time , '' marking the end of prosperous times , and changing to a wistful mood . The song then ends , not on a note of resignation , but with anger -- repeating the beginning ( as is usual for Broadway songs ) , an octave higher , but with a significant change : the friendly `` Brother , can you spare a dime ? '' is replaced with the more assertive `` Buddy , can you spare a dime ? '' </P> <H2> Update ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the malaise of the 1970s stagflation , the New York Times asked Harburg to update `` Brother '' for a new age , and he responded with : </P> <P> Once we had a Roosevelt Praise the Lord ! Life had meaning and hope . Now we 're stuck with Nixon , Agnew , Ford , Brother , can you spare a rope ? </P> <H2> Other recordings ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Dave Brubeck Quartet released a jazz instrumental arrangement of the piece on their 1955 album , Brubeck Time ; Brubeck plays main phrase on piano in many styles including rag and baroque . </Li> <Li> Peter , Paul & Mary recorded a studio version under the title `` Buddy , Can You Spare A Dime ? '' for their 1965 album See What Tomorrow Brings . </Li> <Li> The Youngbloods released a version of the song on their 1967 debut album , Jesse Colin Young & The Youngbloods . </Li> <Li> Spanky and Our Gang , on the group 's 1967 album of the same name , featuring lead singer Elaine MacFarlane . </Li> <Li> Judy Collins recorded a studio version of this song in her 1975 Judith ( album ) . </Li> <Li> Ronnie Lane recorded a version in 1975 , which was released as a single . </Li> <Li> Abbey Lincoln sang this jazz standard on her album You Gotta Pay the Band ( 1991 ) accompanied by prestigious jazz musicians as Stan Getz , Hank Jones and Charlie Haden . </Li> <Li> Les Deux Love Orchestra recorded a version in 2009 which appeared on The Huffington Post . </Li> <Li> George Michael recorded a version for his 1999 album Songs from the Last Century and his live album Symphonica . </Li> <Li> A recording by Walker Edmiston is featured during the Great Depression scene of The American Adventure attraction at Epcot within Walt Disney World Resort . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Information from playbill on musical `` Americana '' , Belknap Playbill and Program Collection </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Forward : review of Yip Harburg : Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist , Harriet Hyman Alonso , Wesleyan University Press , 2012 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : American Dreamers : How the Left Changed a Nation , Michael Kazin , pub . Random House , p176 . Extracts </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Songwriters Hall of Fame : EY Harburg biography </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Bing Crosby Discography '' . BING magazine . International Club Crosby . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Giddins , G. ( 2001 ) . Bing Crosby : A Pocketful of Dreams , The Early Years , 1903 - 1940 . Little , Brown , p. 305 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Said by Gorney in a 1974 interview , an excerpt of which was transmitted on BBC2 television programme `` The Story of the Jews '' part 4 by Simon Schama on 22 September 2013 at 21 : 00 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Marching on Washington : The Forging of an American Political Tradition , Lucy G. Barber , 2004 p. 104 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Twentieth Century : A People 's History , by Howard Zinn , p. 116 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ A Depression - Era Anthem For Our Times National Public Radio 's Weekend Edition ( November 15 , 2008 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Song by song : the lives and work of 14 great lyric writers , Caryl Brahms , Ned Sherrin , p. 125 -- 126 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cutting edge , or , `` Back in the knife - box , Miss Sharp '' : Ned Sherrin 's anthology of wit , Ned Sherrin , 1984 , p. 140 ( rope , dime ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Edwards , Bob ( 2011 ) . A voice in the box my life in radio . ( S.l. ) : The University Press of Kentucky . p. 109 . ISBN 0813140455 . Retrieved 2 September 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` See What Tomorrow Brings - Peter , Paul and Mary '' . AllMusic . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Youngbloods , Jesse Colin Young & The Youngbloods Retrieved June 12 , 2015 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Spanky and Our Gang - Spanky & Our Gang '' . AllMusic . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Judith - Judy Collins '' . AllMusic . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ . Discogs http://www.discogs.com/Ronnie-Lane-Brother-Can-You-Spare-A-Dime/master/553284 . Missing or empty title = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` You Gotta Pay the Band - Abbey Lincoln , Stan Getz '' . AllMusic . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Woods , Bobby ( May 25 , 2011 ) . `` Brother , Can You Spare a Dime ? '' . Huffington Post . Retrieved 2011 - 11 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Songs from the Last Century '' . AllMusic . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The American Adventure '' . WDWMagic.com . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Songs of the Great Depression -- lyrics , prepared by Professor Catherine Lavender for courses in The Department of History , The College of Staten Island of The City University of New York . </Li> <Li> Explanation of lyrics </Li> <Li> There are multiple videos of this song on YouTube . Included at the time of this note are the Bing Crosby & Rudy Vallee recordings and at least one Spanish language version . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Bing Crosby </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Filmography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Music of Hawaii ( 1939 ) </Li> <Li> Victor Herbert Melodies , Vol . One ( 1939 ) </Li> <Li> Patriotic Songs for Children ( 1939 ) </Li> <Li> Cowboy Songs ( 1939 ) </Li> <Li> Victor Herbert Melodies , Vol . Two ( 1939 ) </Li> <Li> George Gershwin Songs , Vol . One ( 1939 ) </Li> <Li> Ballad for Americans ( 1940 ) </Li> <Li> Favorite Hawaiian Songs ( 1940 ) </Li> <Li> Christmas Music ( 1940 ) </Li> <Li> Star Dust ( 1940 ) </Li> <Li> Hawaii Calls ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Small Fry ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Crosbyana ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Under Western Skies ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> Song Hits from Holiday Inn ( w / Fred Astaire ) ( 1942 ) </Li> <Li> Merry Christmas ( 1945 ) </Li> <Li> Selections from Going My Way ( 1945 ) </Li> <Li> Selections from The Bells of St. Mary 's ( 1946 ) </Li> <Li> Do n't Fence Me In ( 1946 ) </Li> <Li> The Happy Prince ( 1946 ) </Li> <Li> Selections from Road to Utopia ( 1946 ) </Li> <Li> Bing Crosby -- Stephen Foster ( 1946 ) </Li> <Li> What We So Proudly Hail ( 1946 ) </Li> <Li> Favorite

The song "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" was sung by

Who sang buddy can you spare a dime?

6048120691051566410

2004 Philadelphia Eagles season - wikipedia <H1> 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> Andy Reid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Jeffrey Lurie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home field </Th> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Results </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record </Th> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Division place </Th> <Td> 1st NFC East </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Playoff finish </Th> <Td> Won Divisional Playoffs ( Vikings ) 27 -- 14 Won NFC Championship ( Falcons ) 27 -- 10 Lost Super Bowl XXXIX ( Patriots ) 21 -- 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ← 2003 </Li> <Li> Eagles seasons </Li> <Li> 2005 → </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season was the 72nd season for the team in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Eagles had been one of the most successful teams in the league after the Andy Reid and Donovan McNabb era began in 1999 , making it to the playoffs for four straight seasons and to the NFC Championship Game in 2001 , 2002 , and 2003 . However , the team could not reach the Super Bowl , despite being favored in the final two NFC title games . In the offseason , this already championship - level team was reinforced on both sides of the ball by the free agent additions of wide receiver Terrell Owens , defensive end Jevon Kearse , and middle linebacker Jeremiah Trotter , their third round draft pick in 1998 . </P> <P> The Eagles had far and away the best team in the NFC and proved that right from the start . Possessing a high - powered offense which featured McNabb , Owens , and Brian Westbrook , as well as a bruising defense led by Pro Bowlers Trotter , Brian Dawkins , Lito Sheppard , and Michael Lewis , they steamrolled opponents on the way to a 13 -- 1 start to the season . After resting starters for the final two games , the 13 -- 3 Eagles soared past the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs , earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots . The game was hard fought , but the Eagles fell 24 -- 21 , ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal . This season was considered the franchise 's most successful until their Super Bowl LII - winning 2017 season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Staff </Li> <Li> 2 Schedule <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Regular season </Li> <Li> 2.2 Playoffs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Regular season <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Week 1 : vs. New York Giants </Li> <Li> 3.2 Week 2 : vs. Minnesota Vikings </Li> <Li> 3.3 Week 3 : at Detroit Lions </Li> <Li> 3.4 Week 4 : at Chicago Bears </Li> <Li> 3.5 Week 6 : vs. Carolina Panthers </Li> <Li> 3.6 Week 7 : at Cleveland Browns </Li> <Li> 3.7 Week 8 : vs. Baltimore Ravens </Li> <Li> 3.8 Week 9 : at Pittsburgh Steelers </Li> <Li> 3.9 Week 10 : at Dallas Cowboys </Li> <Li> 3.10 Week 11 : vs. Washington Redskins </Li> <Li> 3.11 Week 12 : at New York Giants </Li> <Li> 3.12 Week 13 : vs. Green Bay Packers </Li> <Li> 3.13 Week 14 : at Washington Redskins </Li> <Li> 3.14 Week 15 : vs. Dallas Cowboys </Li> <Li> 3.15 Week 16 : at St. Louis Rams </Li> <Li> 3.16 Week 17 : vs. Cincinnati Bengals </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Standings </Li> <Li> 5 Playoffs <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Divisional Playoffs : vs. Minnesota Vikings </Li> <Li> 5.2 NFC Championship : vs. Atlanta Falcons </Li> <Li> 5.3 Super Bowl XXXIX : vs. New England Patriots </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Final roster </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Staff ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="7"> 2004 Philadelphia Eagles staff </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Front office <Ul> <Li> Chairman / Chief Executive Officer -- Jeffrey Lurie </Li> <Li> President -- Joe Banner </Li> <Li> Executive Vice President of Football Operations -- Andy Reid </Li> <Li> Vice President of Player Personnel -- Tom Heckert </Li> <Li> Assistant Director of Player Personnel -- Jason Licht </Li> <Li> Director of Pro Personnel -- Scott Cohen </Li> </Ul> <P> Head coaches </P> <Ul> <Li> Head Coach -- Andy Reid </Li> <Li> Assistant Head Coach / Offensive Coordinator -- Marty Mornhinweg </Li> <Li> Assistant to the Head Coach -- James Urban </Li> </Ul> <P> Offensive coaches </P> <Ul> <Li> Offensive Coordinator -- Brad Childress </Li> <Li> Quarterbacks -- Pat Shurmur </Li> <Li> Running Backs -- Ted Williams </Li> <Li> Wide Receivers -- David Culley </Li> <Li> Tight Ends -- Tom Melvin </Li> <Li> Offensive Line -- Juan Castillo </Li> <Li> Offensive Assistant / Quality Control -- Bill Shuey </Li> <Li> Statistical Analysis Coordinator -- Mike Frazier </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Defensive coaches <Ul> <Li> Defensive Coordinator -- Jim Johnson </Li> <Li> Defensive Line -- Tommy Brasher </Li> <Li> Linebackers -- Steve Spagnuolo </Li> <Li> Secondary -- Trent Walters </Li> <Li> Safeties -- Sean McDermott </Li> <Li> Defensive Assistant / Quality Control -- Mike Reed </Li> </Ul> <P> Special teams coaches </P> <Ul> <Li> Special Teams Coordinator -- John Harbaugh </Li> <Li> Special Teams Quality Control -- Ted Daisher </Li> </Ul> <P> Strength and conditioning </P> <Ul> <Li> Head Athletic Trainer -- Rick Burkholder </Li> <Li> Strength and Conditioning -- Mike Wolf </Li> <Li> Assistant Strength and Conditioning -- Tom Kanavy </Li> <Li> Assistant Trainer -- Eric Sugarman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Schedule ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Regular season ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Week </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> TV </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> September 12 , 2004 </Td> <Td> New York Giants </Td> <Td> W 31 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,532 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> September 20 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Minnesota Vikings </Td> <Td> W 27 -- 16 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> ABC </Td> <Td> 67,676 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> September 26 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at Detroit Lions </Td> <Td> W 30 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Ford Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 62,472 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 3 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at Chicago Bears </Td> <Td> W 19 -- 9 </Td> <Td> Soldier Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 61,894 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td colspan="6"> Bye </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Carolina Panthers </Td> <Td> W 30 -- 8 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,707 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at Cleveland Browns </Td> <Td> W 34 -- 31 ( OT ) </Td> <Td> Cleveland Browns Stadium </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 73,394 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Baltimore Ravens </Td> <Td> W 15 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> CBS </Td> <Td> 67,715 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> <Td> L 3 -- 27 </Td> <Td> Heinz Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 64,975 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> November 15 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at Dallas Cowboys </Td> <Td> W 49 -- 21 </Td> <Td> Texas Stadium </Td> <Td> ABC </Td> <Td> 64,190 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Washington Redskins </Td> <Td> W 28 -- 6 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,720 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at New York Giants </Td> <Td> W 27 -- 6 </Td> <Td> Giants Stadium </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 78,830 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Green Bay Packers </Td> <Td> W 47 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,723 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> December 12 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at Washington Redskins </Td> <Td> W 17 -- 14 </Td> <Td> FedExField </Td> <Td> ESPN </Td> <Td> 90,089 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> December 19 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Dallas Cowboys </Td> <Td> W 12 -- 7 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,723 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> December 27 , 2004 </Td> <Td> at St. Louis Rams </Td> <Td> L 7 -- 20 </Td> <Td> Edward Jones Dome </Td> <Td> ABC </Td> <Td> 66,129 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> January 2 , 2005 </Td> <Td> Cincinnati Bengals </Td> <Td> L 10 -- 38 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> CBS </Td> <Td> 67,074 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Playoffs ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Round </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> TV </Th> <Th> Attendance </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Divisional </Td> <Td> January 16 , 2005 </Td> <Td> Minnesota Vikings ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> W 27 -- 14 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,722 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> NFC Championship </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2005 </Td> <Td> Atlanta Falcons ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> W 27 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 67,717 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Super Bowl XXXIX </Td> <Td> February 6 , 2005 </Td> <Td> vs. New England Patriots ( A2 ) </Td> <Td> L 21 -- 24 </Td> <Td> Alltel Stadium </Td> <Td> FOX </Td> <Td> 78,125 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Regular season ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Week 1 : vs. New York Giants ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Giants </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eagles </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> weather = 77 ° F ( Sunny ) The highly anticipated Eagles ' season began with a convincing rout of the division - rival New York Giants in a game that was not as close as the 31 -- 17 score . New York scored the first points when Ron Dayne finished a first quarter drive with a 3 - yard touchdown run . Then it was all Eagles for a while . Brian Westbrook 's 50 - yard run was followed up by a 20 - yard touchdown pass from Donovan McNabb to his new weapon -- Terrell Owens . McNabb acrobatically scrambled and threw for Owens in the end zone on the Eagles ' next possession , and it was 14 -- 7 Philadelphia . In the second quarter , the Eagles added a touchdown reception from tight end L.J. Smith and a 45 - yard David Akers field goal to take a commanding 24 -- 7 lead . Steve Christie booted a 53 - yarder before the half , but in the third quarter , McNabb found Owens surprisingly wide open in the end zone , making it 31 -- 10 . Tiki Barber ran for a long touchdown late in the game to make the score more respectable for New York . Rookie Giant quarterback Eli Manning was put in the game for New York 's last possession , but he was rocked hard by the Eagles ' defense as he was christened into the NFL . McNabb threw for 330 yards and four scores , while Owens did not disappoint in his Philadelphia debut , hauling in three touchdowns . The only negative for the Eagles was the loss of rookie starting

The last time the Eagles were at the Super Bowl was during the

When was the last time that the eagles were at the super bowl?

6865159725523998591

<Li> Tunisia ( 1881 ) </Li> <Li> Sudan ( 1881 ) </Li> <Li> Egypt ( 1882 ) </Li> <Li> Wassoulou ( 1883 ) </Li> <Li> Eritrea ( 1887 ) </Li> <Li> Dahomey ( 1890 ) </Li> <Li> Mashonaland ( 1890 ) </Li> <Li> Dahomey ( 1892 ) </Li> <Li> Matabeleland ( 1893 ) </Li> <Li> Wassoulou ( 1894 ) </Li> <Li> Ashanti ( 1895 ) </Li> <Li> Ethiopia ( 1895 ) </Li> <Li> Matabeleland ( 1896 ) </Li> <Li> Zanzibar ( 1896 ) </Li> <Li> Benin ( 1897 ) </Li> <Li> Wassoulou ( 1898 ) </Li> <Li> Chad ( 1898 ) ( Kousséri ) </Li> <Li> Fashoda ( 1898 ) </Li> <Li> South Africa ( 1899 ) </Li> <Li> Namibia ( 1904 ) </Li> <Li> Tanganyika ( 1905 ) </Li> <Li> Morocco ( 1905 ) </Li> <Li> South Africa ( 1906 ) </Li> <Li> Ouaddai ( 1909 ) </Li> <Li> Morocco ( 1911 ) </Li> <Li> Morocco ( 1911 ) </Li> <Li> Tripolitania ( 1911 ) </Li> <Li> South Africa ( 1914 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Exploration of Africa </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Nero expedition </Li> <Li> Roman expeditions </Li> <Li> The search for the source of the Nile </Li> <Li> First Zambesi expedition </Li> <Li> Second Zambesi expedition </Li> <Li> First trans - Africa exploration </Li> <Li> Scramble for Africa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913 <P> The Scramble for Africa was the occupation , division , and colonisation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism , between 1881 and 1914 . It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa . In 1870 , only 10 percent of Africa was under European control ; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent , with only Ethiopia ( Abyssinia ) , the Dervish state ( a portion of present - day Somalia ) and Liberia still being independent . </P> <P> The Berlin Conference of 1884 , which regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa , is usually referred to as the starting point of the scramble for Africa . Consequent to the political and economic rivalries among the European empires in the last quarter of the 19th century , the partitioning , or splitting up of Africa was how the Europeans avoided warring amongst themselves over Africa . The later years of the 19th century saw the transition from `` informal imperialism '' ( hegemony ) , by military influence and economic dominance , to direct rule , bringing about colonial imperialism . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Causes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Africa and global markets </Li> <Li> 2.2 Strategic rivalry <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Germany 's Weltpolitik </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Italy 's expansion </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Crises prior to World War I <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Colonisation of the Congo </Li> <Li> 3.2 Suez Canal </Li> <Li> 3.3 Berlin Conference ( 1884 -- 85 ) </Li> <Li> 3.4 Britain 's administration of Egypt and South Africa </Li> <Li> 3.5 Moroccan Crisis </Li> <Li> 3.6 Dervish resistance </Li> <Li> 3.7 Herero Wars and the Maji - Maji Rebellion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Colonial encounter <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Colonial consciousness and exhibitions <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Colonial lobby </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Colonial propaganda and jingoism <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 2.1 Colonial exhibitions </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Countering disease </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Colonialism leading to World War I </Li> <Li> 6 African colonies listed by colonising power <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Belgium </Li> <Li> 6.2 France </Li> <Li> 6.3 Germany </Li> <Li> 6.4 Italy </Li> <Li> 6.5 Portugal </Li> <Li> 6.6 Spain </Li> <Li> 6.7 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 6.8 Independent states </Li> <Li> 6.9 Modern Scramble for Africa </Li> <Li> 6.10 Petro - states </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> David Livingstone , early explorer of the interior of Africa and fighter against the slave trade <P> The Portuguese established the first firm post-Middle Ages European settlements , trade posts , permanent fortifications and ports of call along the coast of the African continent , from the beginning of the Age of Discovery during the 15th century . But Europeans showed comparatively little interest in ( and less knowledge of ) the interior for some two centuries thereafter . </P> <P> European exploration of the African interior began in earnest at the end of the 18th century . By 1835 , Europeans had mapped most of northwestern Africa . In the middle decades of the 19th century , famous European explorers included David Livingstone and H.M. Stanley , each of whom mapped vast areas of Southern Africa and Central Africa . Arduous expeditions in the 1850s and 1860s by Richard Burton , John Speke and James Grant located the great central lakes and the source of the Nile . By the end of the 19th century Europeans had charted the Nile from its source , traced the courses of the Niger , Congo and Zambezi Rivers , and realised the vast resources of Africa . </P> <P> Even as late as the 1870s , European states still controlled only ten percent of the African continent , with all their territories located near the coast . The most important holdings were Angola and Mozambique , held by Portugal ; the Cape Colony , held by the United Kingdom ; and Algeria , held by France . By 1914 , only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent of European control . </P> <P> Technological advances facilitated European expansion overseas . Industrialisation brought about rapid advancements in transportation and communication , especially in the forms of steam navigation , railways and telegraphs . Medical advances also played an important role , especially medicines for tropical diseases . The development of quinine , an effective treatment for malaria , made vast expanses of the tropics more accessible for Europeans . </P> <H2> Causes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Africa and global markets ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sub-Saharan Africa , one of the last regions of the world largely untouched by `` informal imperialism '' , was also attractive to Europe 's ruling elites for economic , political and social reasons . During a time when Britain 's balance of trade showed a growing deficit , with shrinking and increasingly protectionist continental markets due to the Long Depression ( 1873 -- 96 ) , Africa offered Britain , Germany , France , and other countries an open market that would garner them a trade surplus : a market that bought more from the colonial power than it sold overall . </P> <P> In addition , surplus capital was often more profitably invested overseas , where cheap materials , limited competition , and abundant raw materials made a greater premium possible . Another inducement for imperialism arose from the demand for raw materials unavailable in Europe , especially copper , cotton , rubber , palm oil , cocoa , diamonds , tea , and tin , to which European consumers had grown accustomed and upon which European industry had grown dependent . Additionally , Britain wanted the southern and eastern coasts of Africa for stopover ports on the route to Asia and its empire in India . </P> <P> However , in Africa -- excluding the area which became the Union of South Africa in 1910 -- the amount of capital investment by Europeans was relatively small , compared to other continents . Consequently , the companies involved in tropical African commerce were relatively small , apart from Cecil Rhodes 's De Beers Mining Company . Rhodes had carved out Rhodesia for himself ; Léopold II of Belgium later , and with considerable brutality , exploited the Congo Free State . These events might detract from the pro-imperialist arguments of colonial lobbyists such as the Alldeutscher Verband , Francesco Crispi and Jules Ferry , who argued that sheltered overseas markets in Africa would solve the problems of low prices and over-production caused by shrinking continental markets . </P> <P> John A. Hobson argued in Imperialism that this shrinking of continental markets was a key factor of the global `` New Imperialism '' period . </P> <P> William Easterly of New York University , however , disagrees with the link made between capitalism and imperialism , arguing that colonialism is used mostly to promote state - led development rather than `` corporate '' development . He has stated that `` imperialism is not so clearly linked to capitalism and the free markets ... historically there has been a closer link between colonialism / imperialism and state - led approaches to development . '' </P> <H3> Strategic rivalry ( edit ) </H3> Contemporary illustration of Major Marchand 's trek across Africa in 1898 <P> The rivalry between Britain , France , Germany , and the other European powers accounts for a large part of the colonization . </P> <P> While tropical Africa was not a large zone of investment , other overseas regions were . The vast interior between Egypt and the gold and diamond - rich southern Africa had strategic value in securing the flow of overseas trade . Britain was under political pressure to secure lucrative markets against encroaching rivals in China and its eastern colonies , most notably India , Malaya , Australia and New Zealand . Thus , it was crucial to secure the key waterway between East and West -- the Suez Canal . However , a theory that Britain sought to annex East Africa during the 1880 onwards , out of geostrategic concerns connected to Egypt ( especially the Suez Canal ) , has been challenged by historians such as John Darwin ( 1997 ) and Jonas F. Gjersø ( 2015 ) . </P> <P> The scramble for African territory also reflected concern for the acquisition of military and naval bases , for strategic purposes and the exercise of power . The growing navies , and new ships driven by steam power , required coaling stations and ports for maintenance . Defense bases were also needed for the protection of sea routes and communication lines , particularly of expensive and vital international waterways such as the Suez Canal . </P> <P> Colonies were also seen as assets in `` balance of power '' negotiations , useful as items of exchange at times of international bargaining . Colonies with large native populations were also a source of military power ; Britain and France used large numbers of British Indian and North African soldiers , respectively , in many of their colonial wars ( and would again be utilised in the coming World Wars ) . In the age of nationalism there was pressure for a nation to acquire an empire as a status symbol ; the idea of `` greatness '' became linked with the sense of duty underlying many nations ' strategies . </P> <P> In the early 1880s , Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was exploring the Kingdom of Kongo for France , at the same time Henry Morton Stanley explored it on behalf of Léopold II of Belgium , who would have it as his personal Congo Free State ( see section below ) . France occupied Tunisia in May 1881 , which may have convinced Italy to join the German - Austrian Dual Alliance in 1882 , thus forming the Triple Alliance . The same year , Britain occupied Egypt ( hitherto an autonomous state owing nominal fealty to the Ottoman Empire ) , which ruled over Sudan and parts of Chad ,

By 1914, the only African country that was still independent was

By 1914 which of the following african countries were still independent?

6069686966346900698

Llanelli RFC - wikipedia <H1> Llanelli RFC </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Llanelli RFC <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Union </Th> <Td> Welsh Rugby Union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bois Sospan Turks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1875 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Llanelli , Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ground ( s ) </Th> <Td> Parc y Scarlets ( Capacity : 14,870 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President </Th> <Td> Derek Quinnell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coach ( es ) </Th> <Td> Kevin George </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League ( s ) </Th> <Td> Welsh Premier Division </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2011 -- 12 </Th> <Td> 2nd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 1st kit </Td> <Td> 2nd kit </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Official website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> www.llanellirfc.co.uk </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Llanelli Rugby Football Club ( Welsh : Clwb Rygbi Llanelli ) is a Welsh rugby union club founded in 1875 ( though often recorded as 1872 ) Since the regionalisation of Welsh rugby Llanelli are now a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team . </P> <P> The club began the 2008 -- 09 season at their historic home ground of Stradey Park in Llanelli , but moved in November 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton . Sosban Fach ( Welsh for `` little saucepan '' ) is a nickname of Llanelli RFC ; `` Sosban Fach '' is the name of a Welsh song , which is sometimes sung by the club 's fans during matches as the club anthem . The team colours are scarlet and white . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Club history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 The early years </Li> <Li> 1.2 The Scarlets </Li> <Li> 1.3 The Day the Pubs Ran Dry </Li> <Li> 1.4 Cup success </Li> <Li> 1.5 The regional era </Li> <Li> 1.6 Match traditions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Ground </Li> <Li> 3 Club honours </Li> <Li> 4 Current squad </Li> <Li> 5 British and Irish Lions </Li> <Li> 6 Wales International Captains </Li> <Li> 7 Other notable former Llanelli players </Li> <Li> 8 Games played against international opposition </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Club History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The early years ( edit ) </H3> <P> Llanelli RFC was founded on 11 November 1875 when a group of local gentlemen met at the Athenaeum in Llanelli to form a rugby football club . Several sources state that Llanelli formed in 1872 , and the club officially celebrated its centenary in 1972 ; though more recent information suggests that the centenary year was chosen to coincide with the visit of the 1972 touring All Blacks . </P> <P> The first recorded match was played on 1 January 1876 , against Cambria , a team based in Swansea . The result was a draw , but Llanelli were declared winners as they had grounded the ball defensively fewer times than their opponents . Their second match was against Swansea on 5 February 1876 , another draw , played at Felinfoel . </P> <P> During this early period the team played in blue shirts and blue caps at Peoples Park . Llanelli RFC moved to Stradey Park in 1879 , switching their colours to blue and white in the same year . The team switched their colours three more times before 1884 , adopting black , then rose before switching to red and chocolate quarters . </P> <H3> The Scarlets ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1884 Llanelli played an Irish XV who stopped off in the town , having played Wales in Cardiff a couple of days previously . In this match the team played in scarlet shirts , and this has remained the club 's first colour ever since ; it also led to the club 's nickname `` The Scarlets '' and the name of the regional team ( Scarlets ) nearly 120 years later . Their first major trophies came in 1884 and 1886 with the South Wales Challenge Cup , the forerunner of the modern Welsh Cup . December 1888 saw the team beat a touring New Zealand Natives team by 3 -- 0 with a dropped goal from Harry Bowen . The team claimed their first full international scalp in 1908 when they beat Australia 8 -- 3 . This would be the first of many famous victories over touring international sides . Players that wore the Scarlet jersey in this pre-war era included Albert Jenkins , who scored over 121 tries for the club as a centre . </P> <P> After the war Lewis Jones was one of the stars of the game . He was capped by Wales aged just 18 in 1950 , and was instrumental in their Grand Slam win that year . However just two years later , he switched codes from the then amateur rugby union to the professional rugby league and signed for Leeds for a then record amount of £ 6,000 . </P> <P> Success was however not away from Stradey for long , a victory over Australia came in 1967 and the club was about to enter what many would argue was its strongest era . Players at Llanelli during the 1970s included Ray Gravell , Gareth Jenkins , Delme Thomas , Phil Bennett , and Derek Quinnell ; and the team was coached by Carwyn James and assisted by former captain and Wales international hooker Norman Gale . </P> <H3> The day the pubs ran dry ( edit ) </H3> <P> `` 9 -- 3 '' is a poem by Welsh comedian and singer Max Boyce and refers to the match between Llanelli and the New Zealand All Blacks at Stradey Park in front of 26,000 supporters on 31 October 1972 . Llanelli took a 6 -- 0 lead through a converted try but New Zealand struck back to make it 6 -- 3 . A long distance Andy Hill penalty ensured Llanelli emerged victors by 9 -- 3 and the crowd famously ran onto the pitch at the end and carried off players such as Delme Thomas . The poem is best known for the line `` The day the pubs ran dry '' , as huge celebrations followed and many pubs in the town sold out of all alcoholic drinks . </P> <H3> Cup success ( edit ) </H3> <P> The next notable period for Llanelli RFC was during the late 1980s and early 1990s . With players such as Ieuan Evans amongst the squad , Llanelli won the Welsh Cup five times in eight years between 1985 and 1993 including in consecutive seasons in 1991 , 1992 and 1993 . They achieved their most recent success against international opponents when they beat Australia , the world champions at the time , in 1992 . Rupert Moon was captain when they won the cup and league which earned Llanelli the title of Best Team in Britain for the 1992 -- 1993 season as well as the nickname `` Cup Kings of Wales '' due to their success in the Welsh Cup . The late 1990s and early years of the 21st century also produced many Welsh internationals including Rupert Moon , Ricky Evans , Wayne Proctor , Scott Quinnell and Stephen Jones . </P> <P> The side reached the semi-finals of the Heineken Cup three times : in 2000 against Northampton Saints who went on to win the trophy , in 2002 against Leicester Tigers and in 2007 against Leicester Tigers again . In the first match against Leicester , Llanelli appeared to be going to their first final as they led 12 -- 10 in injury time . But Leicester were awarded a penalty 8 metres inside their own half ; Tim Stimpson 's kick for goal bounced off both the post and crossbar before just falling over the post to deny Llanelli . </P> <P> Prior to the regional era , Llanelli RFC were considered the third most successful team in European club rugby , having played the third largest number of games ( behind Toulouse and Munster ) in the Heineken Cup due to the club 's consistency in qualifying for the knockout stages of the tournament . However , they have never won the competition . </P> <H3> The regional era ( edit ) </H3> <P> Top - level professional rugby changed at Llanelli RFC in 2003 when Llanelli 's first team rebranded , as part of the WRU 's move to 5 professional teams , to Llanelli Scarlets and Llanelli RFC became the club 's premiership brand . The Llanelli RFC team plays in the Welsh Premier Division and Welsh Cup . They won the cup in 2005 , their first silverware in their new format during which time they were coached by Scott Quinnell . </P> <H3> Match traditions ( edit ) </H3> <P> As a link to the club 's team anthem Sosban Fach , there were sosbenni on top of the uprights of both sets of posts at Stradey Park . The saucepans were installed at Parc y Scarlets . </P> <P> When Llanelli RFC play Bath , it is tradition that a rag doll is hung from the crossbar , which the winning team then keeps until their next encounter . Llanelli RFC won the doll in 2002 and successfully defended it when they played Bath in the Powergen Cup semi-final in 2006 . Bath reclaimed the prize in a pre-season game in August 2007 and have won three further fixtures . </P> <H2> Ground ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Scarlets play at Parc y Scarlets in Pemberton . From 1879 to 2008 they played at Stradey Park in Llanelli . Planning for the new stadium began in 2004 . </P> <H2> Club honours ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Welsh Premier Division : 1992 / 1993 , 1998 / 1999 , 2001 / 2002 , 2010 / 2011 </Li> <Li> Welsh Cup : 1973 , 1974 , 1975 , 1976 , 1985 , 1988 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1998 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2010 </Li> <Li> Snelling Sevens : 1960 , 1971 , 1973 , 1979 , 1988 </Li> </Ul> <H2> Current squad ( edit ) </H2> <P> Note : Flags indicate national union as has been defined under WR eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-WR nationality . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Union </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gareth Havard </Td> <Td> Prop </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Kaijaks </Td> <Td> Prop </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ben Leung </Td> <Td> Prop </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sam Martin </Td> <Td> Prop </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rhys Thomas </Td> <Td> Prop </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Taylor Davies </Td> <Td> Hooker </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Torin Myhill </Td> <Td> Hooker </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rhydian Gierat </Td> <Td> Lock </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jack Jones </Td> <Td> Lock </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris Long </Td> <Td> Lock </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Josh Cuggy </Td> <Td> Lock </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adam Powell </Td> <Td> Lock </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liam Puckett </Td> <Td> Lock </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Owain Morgan </Td> <Td> Flanker </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Phillips </Td> <Td> Flanker </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jack Condy </Td> <Td> Number 8 </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trystan Lloyd </Td> <Td> Number 8 </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elliott Rees </Td> <Td> Number 8 </Td> <Td> Wales </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Union </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joshua Guy </Td> <Td> Scrum

According to the poem "9-3", the day the pubs ran dry was

When was the day that the pubs ran dry in the poem 9-3?

-480770051139847590

'' N 77 ° 01 ′ 15 '' W  /  38.896769 ° N 77.020826 ° W  / 38.896769 ; - 77.020826 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Membership </Th> <Td> 37,000,000 + </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chief Executive Officer </Th> <Td> Jo Ann Jenkins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Foundation President </Th> <Td> Lisa Marsh Ryerson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Board Chair </Th> <Td> Joan R. Ruff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subsidiaries </Th> <Td> AARP Foundation ; AARP Institute ; Legal Counsel for the Elderly ; AARP Experience Corps ; AARP Insurance Plan ; AARP Financial Services Corporation ; AARP Services Inc </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revenue ( 2014 ) </Th> <Td> $1,486,310,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Expenses ( 2014 ) </Th> <Td> $1,468,824,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Staff </Th> <Td> 1,986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Volunteers </Th> <Td> 17,499 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.aarp.org </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> American Association of Retired Persons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> AARP , Inc. ( formerly American Association of Retired Persons ) is a United States - based interest group that focuses on the elderly , especially on how they can continue to live well after retirement . In 2016 , it had a membership of over 37 million people . </P> <P> AARP was founded in 1958 by Ethel Percy Andrus ( a retired educator from California ) and Leonard Davis ( later the founder of the Colonial Penn Group of insurance companies ) . It is a 501c4 non-profit organization which aims to `` enhance the quality of life for all as they age , '' according to its website . It also has members who are less than 50 years of age . The association advocates for social change and provides information , advocacy , and service to its members . It is an important lobbying group in the United States . It updates special money related information and a `` fraudwatch '' on its website , to warn people of scams . Its fraudwatch includes write ups by Frank Abagnale from the FBI . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Activities <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Overview </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Affiliates <Ul> <Li> 3.1 AARP Services , Inc. and AARP Financial Incorporated </Li> <Li> 3.2 AARP Foundation </Li> <Li> 3.3 AARP Driver Safety </Li> <Li> 3.4 AARP publications and broadcasts <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 English language </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Spanish language </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 AARP Awards </Li> <Li> 5 Health care <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Health insurance </Li> <Li> 5.2 Single payer </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Social Security </Li> <Li> 7 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Executive compensation , benefits , and travel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to the group 's official history , Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus founded AARP in 1958 . AARP evolved from the National Retired Teachers Association ( NRTA ) , which Andrus had established in 1947 to promote her philosophy of productive aging , and to promote health insurance for retired teachers . After ten years , she opened the organization to all Americans over 50 , creating AARP . Today , the NRTA is a division within AARP . </P> <P> Critics of AARP offer an alternative version of the group 's origins . 60 Minutes reported in a 1978 exposé that AARP had been established as a marketing device by Leonard Davis , founder of the Colonial Penn Group insurance companies , after he met Ethel Percy Andrus . According to critics , until the 1980s AARP was controlled by Davis , who promoted its image as a non-profit advocate of retirees in order to sell insurance to members . Possibly as a result of this report , AARP conducted a competitive bidding process , and , in 1980 , shifted the insurance contracts available to members to Prudential Financial . </P> <P> In the 1990s , the United States Senate investigated AARP 's non-profit status , with Republican Senator Alan K. Simpson , then chairman of the United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Social Security , Pensions , and Family Policy , questioning the organization 's tax - exempt status in congressional hearings . According to Charles Blahous , the investigations did not reveal sufficient evidence to change the organization 's status , though in an interview years later by the Des Moines Register , Senator Simpson remained `` troubled by AARP 's practices '' , calling AARP `` the biggest marketing operation in America and money - maker '' and an organization whose practices are `` the greatest abuse of American generosity I witnessed in my time in the U.S. Senate '' . </P> <P> The organization was originally named the American Association of Retired Persons , but in 1999 it officially changed its name to `` AARP '' ( pronounced one letter at a time , `` ay ay ar pee '' ) to reflect that its focus was no longer American retirees . AARP no longer requires that members be retired , but they must be at least age 50 ( although a membership includes free membership for a spouse or partner who may not yet be 50 ) . </P> <P> All people age 50 and older are eligible for full membership with AARP . For those under the age of 50 , AARP offers associate memberships that automatically convert to full membership at the age of 50th birthday . </P> <H2> Activities ( edit ) </H2> Former United States Secretary of Labor Perez at AARP 's Life@50 + event in 2015 . <H3> Overview ( edit ) </H3> <P> AARP addresses issues affecting older Americans through lobbying efforts at the state and national governmental level , an activity permitted by its 501 ( c ) ( 4 ) status . The organization says that it is non-partisan and does not support , oppose or give money to any candidates or political parties . The total revenue for 2006 was approximately $1 billion and it spent $23 million on lobbying . Middle - class security has been a major focus for the organization in recent years . AARP also provides extensive consumer information , volunteer opportunities , and events including the annual National Event & Expo ( 2013 in Las Vegas from May 30 -- June 1 and in Atlanta from October 3 -- 5 ) . </P> AARP volunteers packing food for older Americans in need at packing event in Miami . <P> AARP launched Life Reimagined in May 2013 , calling it a `` first - of - its - kind series of online and offline experiences that guide people through life transitions by helping them discover new possibilities and connect with a community of people pursuing similar passions and goals '' . USA Today called the iniative `` the latest step for the AARP ... as it continues to rebrand itself and become the go - to address for feeling good about aging . </P> <H2> Affiliates ( edit ) </H2> <P> AARP has several affiliated organizations including : </P> <Ul> <Li> AARP Foundation , a 501c3 non-profit charity that helps people over age 50 who are at social and economic risk ; It includes <Ul> <Li> AARP Experience Corps , a 501c3 non-profit charity that encourages people over age 50 to mentor and tutor school children ; </Li> <Li> AARP Institute , a non-profit charity that holds some of AARP 's charitable gift annuity funds ; </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> AARP Services Inc. , a for - profit corporation that provides quality control and research , </Li> <Li> Legal Counsel for the Elderly , a 501c3 non-profit charity that provides legal assistance to seniors in Washington , D.C. </Li> <Li> AARP Financial Services Corporation , a for - profit corporation that holds AARP 's real estate ; </Li> <Li> AARP Insurance Plan , an organization that holds some of AARP 's group health insurance policies ; </Li> </Ul> <P> Because of AARP 's vast membership , it is able to generate its own income without being dependent on government grants or private donors , though it receives both of these for specific programs . According to its 2015 Consolidated Financial Statement , the largest sources of income were : </P> <Ul> <Li> royalties for the rights to use AARP 's intellectual property ( name , logo , etc . ) paid by commercial providers of products , services and discounts for AARP members ( $838,649,000 ) ; </Li> <Li> membership dues ( $295,180,000 ) ; and </Li> <Li> advertisements placed in its publications ( $149,604,000 ) . </Li> </Ul> <H3> AARP services , Inc. and AARP Financial Incorporated ( edit ) </H3> <P> AARP Services , Inc. , founded in 1999 , is a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of AARP that manages the range of products and services offered as benefits to members . Its offers include Medicare supplemental insurance ; member discounts on rental cars , cruises , vacation packages and lodging ; special offers on technology and gifts ; pharmacy services ; legal services ; and long - term care insurance . AARP Services founded AARP Financial Incorporated , a subsidiary that manages AARP - endorsed financial products including AARP Funds . In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in June 2010 , AARP Financial announced the discontinuation of AARP Funds AARP Services develops new products , manages and markets products and services , and creates and maintains partnership and sponsorship relationships . </P> <H3> AARP Foundation ( edit ) </H3> <P> AARP Foundation is AARP 's affiliated charity . Foundation programs provide security , protection and empowerment for older persons in need . Low - income older workers receive the job training and placement they need to re-join the workforce . Free tax preparation is provided for low - and moderate - income individuals , with special attention to those 60 and older . The Foundation 's litigation staff protects the legal rights of older Americans in critical health , long - term care , consumer and employment situations . Additional programs provide information , education , and services to ensure that people over 50 lead lives of independence , dignity , and purpose . Foundation programs are funded by grants , tax - deductible contributions and AARP . </P> <P> The AARP Foundation 's website claims the nonprofit `` wants to win back opportunity for those now in crisis , so thousands of vulnerable low - income Americans 50 + can regain their foothold , continue to serve as anchors for their families and communities and ensure that their best life is still within reach . '' Key areas of focus are hunger , income , housing , and isolation . The Foundation 's vision is `` a country that is free of poverty where no older person feels vulnerable . '' </P> <P> One of the goals of the AARP Foundation is its Drive to End Hunger . In 2011 , AARP and AARP Foundation formed a relationship with NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon and Hendrick Motorsports to increase awareness of hunger in America with the No. 24 Drive to End Hunger race car and related food drives . Through the Drive to End Hunger program , AARP also sponsored Hendrick driver Kasey Kahne , beginning in 2016 . </P> <H3> AARP Driver Safety ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1979 , AARP introduced the nation 's first driver safety course geared towards older adults . AARP Driver Safety , which can be completed in a classroom setting or online , teaches defensive driving techniques and provides `` added information on age - related cognitive and physical changes that affect driving . '' The course is instructed and promoted by volunteers throughout the U.S. </P> <P> In addition to course fees , the program is supported by a grant from the automobile manufacturer , Toyota . Over half million drivers completed

AARP, a prominent advocacy group for older Americans, identifies as

Where does aarp fall on the political spectrum?

-4429468190913255462

Tell Me Something Good - wikipedia <H1> Tell Me Something Good </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Tell Me Something Good '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A-side label of one of US vinyl releases </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Rufus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Rags to Rufus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Smokin ' Room '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> June 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single , 12 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> R&B , Soul , Funk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 36 ( album ) 3 : 30 ( single ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> ABC Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Stevie Wonder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Monaco and Rufus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Rufus singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Feel Good '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Tell Me Something Good '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` You Got the Love '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Feel Good '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Tell Me Something Good '' ( 1974 ) </Td> <Td> `` You Got the Love '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Tell Me Something Good '' is a song by Rufus and Chaka Khan , written by Stevie Wonder and released in 1974 . The single was a hit in the United States , peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and spent one week at number one on the Cash Box Top 100 . It was among the earliest hits to use the guitar talk box , by Tony Maiden . </P> <P> The song has been described as having `` ... rude metallic guitar '' ( by Al Ciner ) and `` ... a beautiful bass , clav and heavy breathing groove . '' The song can be difficult to count as there is an off - count into the verse . The first note is on the `` and of four . '' </P> <P> The record was produced by the band with Bob Monaco . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Awards </Li> <Li> 2 Samples </Li> <Li> 3 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Live covers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Pop culture references </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rufus won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo , Group or Chorus for the song at the 17th Annual Grammy Awards in 1975 . </P> <H2> Samples ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Ronnie Laws version was sampled by the Beastie Boys on their 1989 album Paul 's Boutique . </Li> <Li> The UGK song `` Something Good '' , from their 1992 debut album Too Hard to Swallow , samples the song - later chopped and screwed by DJ Screw on his 1995 release Volume II : All Screwed Up . </Li> <Li> The Case song `` Tell Me '' , on his 1999 album Personal Conversation , was based on this song . </Li> <Li> The chorus is sampled in Bay Area rapper Mac Dre 's song `` Too Hard For The Fuckin ' Radio '' . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia KMR </Td> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard R&B </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 186 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Cash Box </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Yvonne Fair recorded an acclaimed cover of the song on her 1975 album The Bitch is Black . </Li> <Li> Saxophonist Ronnie Laws recorded a version on his 1975 debut album Pressure Sensitive . </Li> <Li> Maceo Parker recorded a cover of the song for his album FunkOverload . </Li> <Li> Lee `` Scratch '' Perry recorded a cover of the song for The Upsetters ' 1978 album Return of the Super Ape . </Li> <Li> Eric Marienthal included it on his album Sweet Talk . </Li> <Li> Robbie Nevil recorded a cover on his album Day 1 in 1991 . </Li> <Li> Lee Aaron recorded a cover on her album Some Girls Do in 1991 . </Li> <Li> Guitarist Steve Fister recorded a cover on his 2006 album Dodgin Bullets . </Li> <Li> Pink recorded a cover of the song for the 2006 film Happy Feet which was included on the soundtrack album . </Li> <Li> Guitarist Greg Howe recorded an instrumental version of the song for his 2008 album , Sound Proof . </Li> <Li> Matthew Morrison performed the song as his Glee character Will Schuester in the first season episode `` Funk '' . The single was released on iTunes . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Live covers ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> In 2002 , En Vogue performed the song on their concert DVD , `` Live in the USA '' . </Li> <Li> Dave Matthews & Friends covered the song live from 2003 to 2005 . </Li> <Li> Singer Kim Yarbrough successfully auditioned for Season 2 of The Voice with the song , landing a spot on Team Adam . </Li> <Li> Stevie Wonder has performed this song live on several occasions . </Li> <Li> Gov 't Mule with Susan Tedeschi and Eric Krasno on guitar on 6 / 7 / 14 at Mt . Jam , Hunter Mountain , NY . </Li> <Li> The Power Station ( a Duran Duran side project ) performed this song live for `` The Living Fear Tour '' in 1996 / 1997 </Li> </Ul> <H2> Pop culture references ( edit ) </H2> <P> On the title track of Funkadelic 's 1975 album Let 's Take It to the Stage , the band calls out , `` Hey ' Sloofus , ' tell me something good , '' and antagonizes the singer to `` take it to the stage , sucker . '' The song pokes fun at the sudden surge in prevalence of funk songs . </P> <P> Ray Romano 's character sings a variation of the song while eating his wife 's braciole in the Everybody Loves Raymond episode , `` Debra Makes Something Good . '' </P> <P> On Will & Grace , Karen tells Jack that this is the song to which she and Stan make love . She then walks in on her husband cheating on her with the same song playing . Closed captioning for that episode incorrectly credits the song to Sly and the Family Stone . </P> <P> In That ' 70s Show , in the episode `` Water Tower '' , Eric walks in on his parents having sex , and the song plays every time he has recurring nightmares and thoughts of his parents . </P> <P> BET cable network aired and produced a phone - in game show named after the song ( which was also the theme song ). Julie Rogers hosted this show which was a short - lived , live call - in game show where home viewers have to answer one question of the day that was followed by panel of three celebrity judges ranking the best responses for a prize . It aired from 1988 - 89 . </P> <P> Many venues in the NBA , NHL , MLB , and NFL play this song when a play is under review by referees or umpires . </P> <P> New York radio station WCBS - FM had a show in the morning named after the song ( which was also the theme song ) . The host told the listeners about a positive true event that happened that day . The Bobby Bones Show also has a segment named after the song . </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <P> source : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chaka Khan - lead vocals , background vocals </Li> <Li> Dennis Belfield - bass , background vocals </Li> <Li> André Fischer - drums , percussion </Li> <Li> Kevin Murphy - organ , clavinet </Li> <Li> Al Ciner - guitar </Li> <Li> Ron Stockert - vocals , keyboards </Li> <Li> Tony Maiden ( uncredited ) - guitar , talk box </Li> <Li> Nate Morgan ( uncredited ) - keyboards </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 2016 - 03 - 04 . Retrieved 2015 - 12 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Classic Soul Album Spotlight : Rufus ' `` Rags to Rufus @ '' . soultrain.com . May 5 , 2014 . Retrieved October 10 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Miller , S. , ( 2010 ) `` Music : What Happened ? '' 125 Records , ISBN 0615381960 , ISBN 978 - 0615381961 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Remembering Bob Monaco '' . 2 August 2009 . Retrieved 3 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 - 1990 - ISBN 0 - 89820 - 089 - X </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Australian Chart Book '' . Austchartbook.com.au . Archived from the original on 2016 - 03 - 05 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada '' . Bac-lac.gc.ca . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1974 / Top 100 Songs of 1974 '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1974 / Top 100 Songs of 1974 '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.iheart.com/podcast/51-Tell-Me-Something-Good-27457750/episode/1-26-tell-me-something-good-27947113/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Rufus -- `` Tell Me Something Good '' b / w `` Smokin ' Room '' `` . internetfm.com . March 18 , 2015 . Retrieved October 10 , 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> <Li> Rufus & Chaka Khan - Tell Me Somethin Good ( Lyrics ) on YouTube </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tell_Me_Something_Good&oldid=811755434 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1974 singles </Li> <Li> Chaka Khan songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Stevie Wonder </Li> <Li> 1974 songs </Li> <Li> ABC Records singles </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from March 2010 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3>

The song "Tell Me Something Good" was sung by

Who sang the song tell me something good?

7119324182242279660

Newsreel - wikipedia <H1> Newsreel </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Play media `` Showdown in Vietnam '' , a February 8 , 1965 war propaganda newsreel by Universal Newsreel . <P> A newsreel is a form of short documentary film , containing news stories and items of topical interest , that was prevalent between the 1910s and the late 1960s . Typically presented in a cinema , newsreels were a source of current affairs , information , and entertainment for millions of moviegoers . Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding a feature film , but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ' 40s , and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day . </P> <P> By the end of the 1960s , television news broadcasts had supplanted the format . Newsreels are considered significant historical documents , since they are often the only audiovisual record of certain cultural events . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Retrospectives </Li> <Li> 3 Effect of television </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> News cameramen , Washington DC , 1938 <P> Created in 1911 by Charles Pathé , this form of film was a staple of the typical North American , British , and Commonwealth countries ( especially Canada , Australia , and New Zealand ) , and throughout European cinema programming schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role . The National Film and Sound Archive in Australia holds the Cinesound Movietone Australian Newsreel Collection , a comprehensive collection of 4,000 newsreel films and documentaries representing news stories covering all major events . </P> <P> The first official British news cinema that only showed newsreels was the Daily Bioscope that opened in London on May 23 , 1909 . In 1929 , William Fox purchased a former Broadway theater called the Embassy ( now a visitor center operated by the Times Square Alliance ) . He changed the format from a $2 show twice a day to a continuous 25 - cent programme , establishing the first newsreel theater in the USA . The idea was such a success that Fox and his backers announced they would start a chain of newsreel theaters across the USA . The newsreels were often accompanied by cartoons or short subjects . </P> <P> In some countries , newsreels generally used music as a background for usually silent on - site film footage . In some countries , the narrator used humorous remarks for light - hearted or non-tragic stories . In the U.S. , newsreel series included The March of Time ( 1935 -- 1951 ) , Pathé News ( 1910 -- 1956 ) , Paramount News ( 1927 -- 1957 ) , Fox Movietone News ( 1928 -- 1963 ) , Hearst Metrotone News ( 1914 -- 1967 ) , and Universal Newsreel ( 1929 -- 1967 ) . Pathé News was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures from 1931 to 1947 , and then by Warner Brothers from 1947 to 1956 . </P> <P> An example of a newsreel story is in the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , which was prepared by RKO 's actual newsreel staff . Citizen Kane includes a fictional newsreel `` News on the March '' that summarizes the life of title character Charles Foster Kane while parodying The March of Time . </P> <P> On August 12 , 1949 , 120 cinema technicians employed by Associated British Pathé in London went on strike to protest the dismissal of fifteen men on the grounds of redundancy while conciliation under trade union agreements was pending . Their strike lasted through to at least Tuesday August 16 , the Tuesday being the last day for production on new newsreels shown on the Thursday . Events of the strike resulted in over three hundred cinemas across Britain having to go without newsreels that week . </P> <H2> Retrospectives ( edit ) </H2> <P> A 1978 Australian film , Newsfront , is a drama about the newsreel business . </P> <H2> Effect of television ( edit ) </H2> <P> On February 16 , 1948 , NBC launched a ten - minute television program called Camel Newsreel Theatre with John Cameron Swayze that featured newsreels with Swayze doing voiceovers . Also in 1948 , the DuMont Television Network launched two short - lived newsreel series , Camera Headlines and I.N.S. Telenews , the latter in cooperation with Hearst 's International News Service . </P> <P> On August 15 , 1948 , CBS started their evening television news program Douglas Edwards and the News . Later the NBC , CBS , and ABC news shows all produced their own news film . Newsreel cinemas either closed or went to showing continuous programmes of cartoons and short subjects , such as the London Victoria Station News Cinema , later Cartoon Cinema that opened in 1933 and closed in 1981 . </P> <P> In New Zealand , the Weeky Review was `` the principal film series produced in the 1940s '' . The first television news broadcasts in the country , incorporating newsreel footage , began in 1960 . </P> <P> Newsreels died out because of technological advances such as electronic news - gathering for television news , introduced in the 1970s , rendered them obsolete . Nonetheless , some countries such as Cuba , Japan , Spain , and Italy continued producing newsreels into the 1980s and 1990s . Newsreel - producing companies excluded television companies from their distribution , but the television companies countered by sending their own cameramen to film news events . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Film portal </Li> <Li> Journalism portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> List of newsreels by country </Li> <Li> The March of Time newsreel series produced by Time - Life from 1935 to 1951 </Li> <Li> Universal Newsreel newsreel series produced by Universal Studios from 1929 to 1967 </Li> <Li> Hearst Metrotone News newsreel series produced by Hearst Corporation from 1914 to 1967 ( distributed by Fox Film Corporation 1929 - 1934 and by MGM 1934 - 1967 ) </Li> <Li> Fox Movietone News produced by Fox 1928 to 1963 </Li> <Li> Paramount News newsreel series produced by Paramount Pictures from 1927 to 1957 </Li> <Li> Pathé News newsreel series produced by Pathé Film from 1910 to 1956 ( distributed by RKO Radio Pictures 1931 - 1947 and by Warner Brothers 1947 - 1956 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ King , Barrie , Newsreels , Oz Film , Culture and Communication Reading Room , Murdoch University </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Australian Screen : Cine sound Movie tone Australian Newsreel Collection ( 1929 - 1975 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ p. 56 Popple Simon & Kember , Joe Early Cinema : From Factory Gate to Dream Factory Wallflower Press 2004 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Times Square Alliance Business Improvement District Embassy Theater </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Newsreel Theater '' . Time magazine . November 18 , 1929 . Retrieved October 31 , 2008 . The six or seven minutes of newsreel exhibited in ordinary program houses are selected from many reels of current events . Nowhere could one be sure of seeing all the newsreels made in any one week . In Manhattan , William Fox , in collaboration with Hearst Metro tone , found what to do with the newsreels discarded weekly by their companies . He took over a Broadway theater ( Embassy ) and changed its program from a $2 show twice a day to a continuous 25 ¢ show . He made the program all newsreels , to run for an hour , a full photographic report of the pictorial parts of the week 's news . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` No Newsreels in 300 Cinemas : Technicians On Strike '' . The Glasgow Herald . August 17 , 1949 . Retrieved August 4 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Weekly Review Series Short Film NZ On Screen '' . www.nzonscreen.com . NZ On Screen . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Early evening news on TV - Television in New Zealand NZHistory , New Zealand history online '' . nzhistory.govt.nz . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Original Negative of the Noticiero ICAIC Lationamericano </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Baechlin , Peter and Maurice Muller - Strauss ( Editors ) , Newsreels across the world , Paris : Unesco , 1952 </Li> <Li> Barnouw , Erik , Documentary : a history of the non-fiction film , Oxford : Oxford University Press , 1993 revised </Li> <Li> Clyde , Jeavons , Jane Mercer and Daniela Kirchner ( Editors ) , `` The story of the century ! '' An international newsfilm conference , London : BUFVC , 1998 </Li> <Li> Fielding , Raymond ( 2011 ) . The American Newsreel : A Complete History , 1911 - 1967 . Jefferson , N.C. : McFarland . ISBN 0786466103 . </Li> <Li> Fielding , Raymond , The March of Time , 1935 - 1951 , New York : Oxford University Press , 1978 </Li> <Li> Imesch , Kornelia ; Schade , Sigrid ; Sieber , Samuel ( Editors ) , Constructions of Cultural Identities in Newsreel Cinema and Television after 1945 , Bielefeld : transcript , 2016 . </Li> <Li> McKernan , Luke ( Editor ) , Yesterday 's news . The British Cinema Newsreel Reader , London : BUFVC , 2002 </Li> <Li> Smither , Roger and Wolfgang Klaue ( Editors ) , Newsreels in film archives : a survey based on the FIAF symposium , Wiltshire : Flicks Books , 1996 </Li> <Li> Vande Winkel , Roel , `` Newsreel series : world overview '' , in : Aitken , Ian ( Editor ) , Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film , New York / London : Routledge , 2006 , pp. 985 -- 991 </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newsreels . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> The Newsreel Archive </Li> <Li> News on Screen </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> LCCN : sh85091639 </Li> <Li> GND : 4190144 - 7 </Li> <Li> NDL : 00568765 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newsreel&oldid=831519387 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Newsreels </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from February 2018 </Li> <Li> Articles with permanently dead external links </Li> <Li> Use mdy dates from February 2017 </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers </Li> <Li> Articles containing video clips </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Bân - lâm - gú </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Magyar </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Română </Li> <Li> Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </Li> <Li> Svenska

The French film pioneer who introduced newsreel in 1910 was

French film pioneer who introduced newsreel in 1910?

4862534933086123505

American Revolution - wikipedia <H1> American Revolution </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about political and social developments , and the origin and aftermath of the war . For military actions , see American Revolutionary War . For other uses , see American Revolution ( disambiguation ) . In this article , inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies who supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as `` Americans '' or `` Patriots , '' and sometimes as `` Whigs , '' `` Rebels , '' or `` Revolutionaries . '' Colonists who supported the British side are called `` Loyalists '' or `` Tories '' . In accordance with the policy of this encyclopedia , this article uses American English terminology . John Trumbull 's Declaration of Independence , showing the Committee of Five presenting its plan for independence to Congress on June 28 , 1776 <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revolution </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Types ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Colour </Li> <Li> Communist </Li> <Li> Democratic </Li> <Li> Nonviolent </Li> <Li> Permanent </Li> <Li> Political </Li> <Li> Proletarian </Li> <Li> Social </Li> <Li> Wave </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Methods ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Boycott </Li> <Li> Civil disobedience </Li> <Li> Civil war </Li> <Li> Class conflict </Li> <Li> Coup d'état </Li> <Li> Demonstration </Li> <Li> Guerrilla warfare </Li> <Li> Insurgency </Li> <Li> Nonviolent resistance </Li> <Li> Protest </Li> <Li> Rebellion </Li> <Li> Revolutionary terror </Li> <Li> Samizdat </Li> <Li> Strike action </Li> <Li> Tax resistance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Causes ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Authoritarianism </Li> <Li> Autocracy </Li> <Li> Capitalism </Li> <Li> Collaborationism </Li> <Li> Colonialism </Li> <Li> Cronyism </Li> <Li> Despotism </Li> <Li> Dictatorship </Li> <Li> Discrimination </Li> <Li> Economic depression </Li> <Li> Economic inequality </Li> <Li> Electoral fraud </Li> <Li> Famine </Li> <Li> Fascism </Li> <Li> Feudalism </Li> <Li> Imperialism </Li> <Li> Military occupation </Li> <Li> Monarchy </Li> <Li> Natural disaster </Li> <Li> Nepotism </Li> <Li> Persecution </Li> <Li> Political corruption </Li> <Li> Political repression </Li> <Li> Poverty </Li> <Li> Totalitarianism </Li> <Li> Unemployment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Examples ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Commercial Revolution </Li> <Li> Industrial Revolution </Li> <Li> English Revolution </Li> <Li> Atlantic Revolutions </Li> <Li> American Revolution </Li> <Li> French Revolution </Li> <Li> Haitian Revolution </Li> <Li> Serbian Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1820 </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1830 </Li> <Li> Belgian Revolution </Li> <Li> Texas Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1848 </Li> <Li> Hungarian Revolution of 1848 </Li> <Li> Philippine Revolution </Li> <Li> Persian Constitutional Revolution </Li> <Li> Young Turk Revolution </Li> <Li> Mexican Revolution </Li> <Li> Xinhai Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1917 -- 23 </Li> <Li> Russian Revolution </Li> <Li> German Revolution of 1918 -- 19 </Li> <Li> Spanish Revolution of 1936 </Li> <Li> Guatemalan Revolution </Li> <Li> Chinese Communist Revolution </Li> <Li> Hungarian Revolution of 1956 </Li> <Li> Cuban Revolution </Li> <Li> Rwandan Revolution </Li> <Li> Cultural Revolution </Li> <Li> Nicaraguan Revolution </Li> <Li> Iranian Revolution </Li> <Li> Saur Revolution </Li> <Li> People Power Revolution </Li> <Li> Carnation Revolution </Li> <Li> Revolutions of 1989 </Li> <Li> Velvet Revolution </Li> <Li> Romanian Revolution </Li> <Li> Singing Revolution </Li> <Li> Bolivarian Revolution </Li> <Li> Bulldozer Revolution </Li> <Li> Rose Revolution </Li> <Li> Orange Revolution </Li> <Li> Tulip Revolution </Li> <Li> Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010 </Li> <Li> Arab Spring </Li> <Li> Tunisian Revolution </Li> <Li> Yemeni Revolution </Li> <Li> Euromaidan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Politics portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783 . The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain , becoming the United States of America . They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others . </P> <P> Members of American colonial society argued the position of `` no taxation without representation '' , starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 . They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body . Protests steadily escalated to the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the burning of the Gaspee in Rhode Island in 1772 , followed by the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 , during which Patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea . The British responded by closing Boston Harbor , then followed with a series of legislative acts which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony 's rights of self - government and caused the other colonies to rally behind Massachusetts . In late 1774 , the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain ; other colonists preferred to remain aligned to the Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories . </P> <P> Tensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the king 's army attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord on April 19 , 1775 . The conflict then developed into a global war , during which the Patriots ( and later their French , Spanish , and Dutch allies ) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 83 ) . Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism , and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington . The Continental Congress determined King George 's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists ' rights as Englishmen , and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2 , 1776 . The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy , and they proclaimed that all men are created equal . </P> <P> The Continental Army forced the redcoats out of Boston in March 1776 , but that summer the British captured and held New York City and its strategic harbor for the duration of the war . The Royal Navy blockaded ports and captured other cities for brief periods , but they failed to defeat Washington 's forces . The Patriots unsuccessfully attempted to invade Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76 , but successfully captured a British army at the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 . France now entered the war as an ally of the United States with a large army and navy that threatened Britain itself . The war turned to the American South where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at Charleston , South Carolina in early 1780 but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory . A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in the fall of 1781 , effectively ending the war . The Treaty of Paris was signed September 3 , 1783 , formally ending the conflict and confirming the new nation 's complete separation from the British Empire . The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes , with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida . </P> <P> Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of the United States Constitution , establishing a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive , a national judiciary , and a bicameral Congress that represented states in the Senate and the population in the House of Representatives . The Revolution also resulted in the migration of around 60,000 Loyalists to other British territories , especially British North America ( Canada ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1651 -- 1748 : Early seeds </Li> <Li> 1.2 1764 -- 1766 : Taxes imposed and withdrawn </Li> <Li> 1.3 1767 -- 1773 : Townshend Acts and the Tea Act </Li> <Li> 1.4 1774 -- 1775 : Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Act </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Military hostilities begin </Li> <Li> 3 Creating new state constitutions </Li> <Li> 4 Independence and Union </Li> <Li> 5 Defending the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 5.1 British return : 1776 -- 1777 </Li> <Li> 5.2 Prisoners </Li> <Li> 5.3 American alliances after 1778 </Li> <Li> 5.4 The British move South , 1778 -- 1783 <Ul> <Li> 5.4. 1 Surrender at Yorktown ( 1781 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.5 The end of the war </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Peace treaty <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Impact on Britain </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Finance </Li> <Li> 8 Concluding the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Creating a `` more perfect union '' and guaranteeing rights </Li> <Li> 8.2 National debt </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Ideology and factions <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Ideology behind the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 1 Liberalism </Li> <Li> 9.1. 2 Republicanism <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 2.1 Fusing republicanism and liberalism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.1. 3 Impact of Great Awakening </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.2 Class and psychology of the factions </Li> <Li> 9.3 King George III </Li> <Li> 9.4 Patriots </Li> <Li> 9.5 Loyalists </Li> <Li> 9.6 Neutrals </Li> <Li> 9.7 Role of women </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Other participants <Ul> <Li> 10.1 France </Li> <Li> 10.2 Spain </Li> <Li> 10.3 American Indians </Li> <Li> 10.4 Black Americans </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Effects of the Revolution <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Loyalist expatriation </Li> <Li> 11.2 Interpretations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Inspiring all colonies </Li> <Li> 11.4 Status of American women </Li> <Li> 11.5 Status of African Americans </Li> <Li> 11.6 Commemorations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Notes </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Bibliography <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Reference works </Li> <Li> 15.2 Surveys of the era </Li> <Li> 15.3 Specialized studies </Li> <Li> 15.4 Historiography </Li> <Li> 15.5 Primary sources </Li> <Li> 15.6 Contemporaneous sources : Annual Register </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin </H2> See also : Thirteen Colonies Eastern North America in 1775 . The British Province of Quebec , the Thirteen Colonies on the Atlantic coast , and the Indian Reserve as defined by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 . The 1763 `` Proclamation line '' comprises the border between the red and the pink areas , while the orange area represents the Spanish claim . <P> Historians typically begin their histories of the American Revolution with the British coalition victory in the Seven Years ' War in 1763 . The North American theater of the Seven Years ' War , commonly known as the French and Indian War in the United States , removed France as a major player in North American affairs and led to the cession of the territory of New France to Great Britain . Lawrence Henry Gipson , the historian of the British Empire , states : </P> <Dl> <Dd> It may be said as truly that the American Revolution was an aftermath of the Anglo - French conflict in the New World carried on between 1754 and 1763 . </Dd> </Dl> <P> The Royal Proclamation of 1763 may have played a role in the separation of the United States from Great Britain , as colonists at the time wanted to continue in the economically beneficial cultural practice of taking land for one 's own livelihood as part of the drive west . The lands west of Quebec and west of a line running along the crest of the Allegheny mountains became Indian territory , temporarily barred to settlement . </P> <H3> 1651 -- 1748 : early seeds </H3> Main articles : Navigation Acts , Dominion of New England , King Philip 's War , and War of the Austrian Succession <P> As early as 1651 , the English government had sought to regulate trade in the American colonies . On October 9 , the Navigation Acts were passed pursuant to a mercantilist policy intended to ensure that trade

The American Revolution began in the United States in

When did the revolution begin in the united states?

-9118410035177676275

. Since that time , the Colorado River has driven the down - cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs , simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon . </P> <P> For thousands of years , the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans , who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves . The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site , and made pilgrimages to it . The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain , who arrived in 1540 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geography </Li> <Li> 2 Geology </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Native Americans </Li> <Li> 3.2 European arrival and settlement <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Spanish explorers </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 American exploration </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Settlers in and near the canyon </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Federal protection : National Monument and Park </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 South Rim buildings </Li> <Li> 5 Weather <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Air quality </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Biology and ecology <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Plants </Li> <Li> 6.2 Animals </Li> <Li> 6.3 Life zones and communities <Ul> <Li> 6.3. 1 Lower Sonoran </Li> <Li> 6.3. 2 Upper Sonoran and Transition </Li> <Li> 6.3. 3 Canadian and Hudsonian </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Grand Canyon tourism <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Activities </Li> <Li> 7.2 Viewing the canyon </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Grand Canyon fatalities <Ul> <Li> 8.1 1956 air disaster </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geography </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Image of the Grand Canyon and surrounding area taken from the International Space Station The Grand Canyon from an airplane , with the Colorado River visible Grand Canyon , Arizona , Nevada , Lake Powell to Lake Mead , June 27 , 2017 , Sentinel - 2 true - color satellite image . Scale 1 : 450,000 . <P> The Grand Canyon is a river valley in the Colorado Plateau that exposes uplifted Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata , and is also one of the six distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province . It is not the deepest canyon in the world ( Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal is much deeper ) . However , the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape . Geologically , it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon . These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent . </P> <P> Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward and created the Colorado Plateau . The higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area , but not enough to change the Grand Canyon area from being semi-arid . The uplift of the Colorado Plateau is uneven , and the Kaibab Plateau that Grand Canyon bisects is over a one thousand feet ( 300 m ) higher at the North Rim ( about 1,000 ft or 300 m ) than at the South Rim . Almost all runoff from the North Rim ( which also gets more rain and snow ) flows toward the Grand Canyon , while much of the runoff on the plateau behind the South Rim flows away from the canyon ( following the general tilt ) . The result is deeper and longer tributary washes and canyons on the north side and shorter and steeper side canyons on the south side . </P> <P> Temperatures on the North Rim are generally lower than those on the South Rim because of the greater elevation ( averaging 8,000 feet or 2,400 metres above sea level ) . Heavy rains are common on both rims during the summer months . Access to the North Rim via the primary route leading to the canyon ( State Route 67 ) is limited during the winter season due to road closures . </P> <H2> Geology </H2> Main article : Geology of the Grand Canyon area Diagram showing the placement , age and thickness of the rock units exposed in the Grand Canyon . Rockfalls in recent times , along with other mass wasting , have further widened the canyon . <P> The Grand Canyon is part of the Colorado River basin which has developed over the past 70 million years , in part based on apatite ( U-Th ) / He thermochronometry showing that Grand Canyon reached a depth near to the modern depth by 20 Ma . A recent study examining caves near Grand Canyon places their origins beginning about 17 million years ago . Previous estimates had placed the age of the canyon at 5 -- 6 million years . The study , which was published in the journal Science in 2008 , used uranium - lead dating to analyze calcite deposits found on the walls of nine caves throughout the canyon . There is a substantial amount of controversy because this research suggests such a substantial departure from prior widely supported scientific consensus . In December 2012 , a study published in the journal Science claimed new tests had suggested the Grand Canyon could be as old as 70 million years . However , this study has been criticized by those who support the `` young canyon '' age of around six million years as `` ( an ) attempt to push the interpretation of their new data to their limits without consideration of the whole range of other geologic data sets . '' </P> <P> The canyon is the result of erosion which exposes one of the most complete geologic columns on the planet . </P> <P> The major geologic exposures in the Grand Canyon range in age from the 2 - billion - year - old Vishnu Schist at the bottom of the Inner Gorge to the 230 - million - year - old Kaibab Limestone on the Rim . There is a gap of about a billion years between the 500 - million - year - old stratum and the level below it , which dates to about 1.5 billion years ago . This large unconformity indicates a long period for which no deposits are present . </P> <P> Many of the formations were deposited in warm shallow seas , near - shore environments ( such as beaches ) , and swamps as the seashore repeatedly advanced and retreated over the edge of a proto - North America . Major exceptions include the Permian Coconino Sandstone , which contains abundant geological evidence of aeolian sand dune deposition . Several parts of the Supai Group also were deposited in non -- marine environments . </P> <P> The great depth of the Grand Canyon and especially the height of its strata ( most of which formed below sea level ) can be attributed to 5 -- 10 thousand feet ( 1,500 to 3,000 m ) of uplift of the Colorado Plateau , starting about 65 million years ago ( during the Laramide Orogeny ) . This uplift has steepened the stream gradient of the Colorado River and its tributaries , which in turn has increased their speed and thus their ability to cut through rock ( see the elevation summary of the Colorado River for present conditions ) . </P> <P> Weather conditions during the ice ages also increased the amount of water in the Colorado River drainage system . The ancestral Colorado River responded by cutting its channel faster and deeper . </P> <P> The base level and course of the Colorado River ( or its ancestral equivalent ) changed 5.3 million years ago when the Gulf of California opened and lowered the river 's base level ( its lowest point ) . This increased the rate of erosion and cut nearly all of the Grand Canyon 's current depth by 1.2 million years ago . The terraced walls of the canyon were created by differential erosion . </P> <P> Between 100,000 and 3 million years ago , volcanic activity deposited ash and lava over the area which at times completely obstructed the river . These volcanic rocks are the youngest in the canyon . </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of the Grand Canyon area Ancestral Puebloan granaries at Nankoweap Creek . Eagle Rock ( located at Eagle Point ) on the West Rim , aptly named for its shape , is considered sacred by the Hualapai Indians . <H3> Native Americans </H3> Main article : Ancestral Puebloans <P> The Ancestral Puebloans were a Native American culture centered on the present - day Four Corners area of the United States . They were the first people known to live in the Grand Canyon area . The cultural group has often been referred to in archaeology as the Anasazi , although the term is not preferred by the modern Puebloan peoples . The word `` Anasazi '' is Navajo for `` Ancient Ones '' or `` Ancient Enemy '' . </P> <P> Archaeologists still debate when this distinct culture emerged . The current consensus , based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification , suggests their emergence was around 1200 BCE during the Basketmaker II Era . Beginning with the earliest explorations and excavations , researchers have believed that the Ancient Puebloans are ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples . </P> <P> In addition to the Ancestral Puebloans , a number of distinct cultures have inhabited the Grand Canyon area . The Cohonina lived to the west of the Grand Canyon , between 500 and 1200 CE . The Cohonina were ancestors of the Yuman , Havasupai , and Hualapai peoples who inhabit the area today . </P> <P> The Sinagua were a cultural group occupying an area to the southeast of the Grand Canyon , between the Little Colorado River and the Salt River , between approximately 500 and 1425 CE . The Sinagua may have been ancestors of several Hopi clans . </P> <P> By the time of the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century , newer cultures had evolved . The Hualapai inhabit a 100 - mile ( 160 km ) stretch along the pine - clad southern side of the Grand Canyon . The Havasupai have been living in the area near Cataract Canyon since the beginning of the 13th century , occupying an area the size of Delaware . The Southern Paiutes live in what is now southern Utah and northern Arizona . The Navajo , or Diné , live in a wide area stretching from the San Francisco Peaks eastwards towards the Four Corners . Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests the Navajo descended from the Athabaskan people near Great Slave Lake , Canada , who migrated after the 11th century . </P> <H3> European arrival and settlement </H3> Spanish explorers <P> In September 1540 , under orders from the conquistador Francisco Vázquez de Coronado to search for the fabled Seven Cities of Cibola , Captain García López de Cárdenas , along with Hopi guides and a small group of Spanish soldiers , traveled to the south rim of the Grand Canyon between Desert View and Moran Point . Pablo de Melgrossa , Juan Galeras , and a third soldier descended some one third of the way into the canyon until they were forced to return because of lack of water . In their report , they noted that some of the rocks in the canyon were `` bigger than the great tower of Seville , Giralda '' It is speculated that their Hopi guides likely knew routes to the canyon floor , but may have been reluctant to lead the Spanish to the river .

The Colorado River has created the Grand Canyon in the USA through the process of

Through what process has the colorado river created the grand canyon in the usa?

3673814853402336146

Reverse transcriptase - wikipedia <H1> Reverse transcriptase </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Reverse transcriptase ( RNA - dependent DNA polymerase ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Crystallographic structure of HIV - 1 reverse transcriptase where the two subunits p51 and p66 are colored and the active sites of polymerase and nuclease are highlighted . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Symbol </Th> <Td> RVT_1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pfam </Th> <Td> PF00078 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pfam clan </Th> <Td> CL0027 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> InterPro </Th> <Td> IPR000477 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PROSITE </Th> <Td> PS50878 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> SCOP </Th> <Td> 1hmv </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> SUPERFAMILY </Th> <Td> 1hmv </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CDD </Th> <Td> cd00304 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Available protein structures : </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pfam </Th> <Td> structures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PDB </Th> <Td> RCSB PDB ; PDBe ; PDBj </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PDBsum </Th> <Td> structure summary </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> RNA - directed DNA polymerase </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EC number </Th> <Td> 2.7. 7.49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CAS number </Th> <Td> 9068 - 38 - 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Databases </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IntEnz </Th> <Td> IntEnz view </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> BRENDA </Th> <Td> BRENDA entry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ExPASy </Th> <Td> NiceZyme view </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> KEGG </Th> <Td> KEGG entry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MetaCyc </Th> <Td> metabolic pathway </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PRIAM </Th> <Td> profile </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PDB structures </Th> <Td> RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gene Ontology </Th> <Td> AmiGO / QuickGO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Search </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PMC </Th> <Td> articles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PubMed </Th> <Td> articles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NCBI </Th> <Td> proteins </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A reverse transcriptase ( RT ) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA ( cDNA ) from an RNA template , a process termed reverse transcription . It is mainly associated with retroviruses . However , non-retroviruses also use RT ( for example , the hepatitis B virus , a member of the Hepadnaviridae , which are dsDNA - RT viruses , while retroviruses are ssRNA viruses ) . RT inhibitors are widely used as antiretroviral drugs . RT activities are also associated with the replication of chromosome ends ( telomerase ) and some mobile genetic elements ( retrotransposons ) . </P> <P> Retroviral RT has three sequential biochemical activities : </P> <Ul> <Li> ( a ) RNA - dependent DNA polymerase activity , </Li> <Li> ( b ) ribonuclease H , and </Li> <Li> ( c ) DNA - dependent DNA polymerase activity . </Li> </Ul> <P> These activities are used by the retrovirus to convert single - stranded genomic RNA into double - stranded cDNA which can integrate into the host genome , potentially generating a long - term infection that can be very difficult to eradicate . The same sequence of reactions is widely used in the laboratory to convert RNA to DNA for use in molecular cloning , RNA sequencing , polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) , or genome analysis . </P> <P> Well studied reverse transcriptases include : </P> <Ul> <Li> HIV - 1 reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( PDB : 1HMV ​ ) has two subunits , which have respective molecular weights of 66 and 51 kDa . </Li> <Li> M - MLV reverse transcriptase from the Moloney murine leukemia virus is a single 75 kDa monomer . </Li> <Li> AMV reverse transcriptase from the avian myeloblastosis virus also has two subunits , a 63 kDa subunit and a 95 kDa subunit . </Li> <Li> Telomerase reverse transcriptase that maintains the telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes . </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Function in viruses <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Process of reverse transcription <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Retroviral reverse transcription </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 In eukaryotes </Li> <Li> 4 In prokaryotes </Li> <Li> 5 Evolutionary role </Li> <Li> 6 Structure </Li> <Li> 7 Replication fidelity </Li> <Li> 8 Applications <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Antiviral drugs </Li> <Li> 8.2 Molecular biology </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Reverse transcriptases were discovered by Howard Temin at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison in RSV virions and independently isolated by David Baltimore in 1970 at MIT from two RNA tumour viruses : R - MLV and again RSV . For their achievements , both shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( with Renato Dulbecco ) . </P> <P> The idea of reverse transcription was very unpopular at first , as it contradicted the central dogma of molecular biology , which states that DNA is transcribed into RNA , which is then translated into proteins . However , in 1970 , when the scientists Howard Temin and David Baltimore both independently discovered the enzyme responsible for reverse transcription , named reverse transcriptase , the possibility that genetic information could be passed on in this manner was finally accepted . </P> <H2> Function in viruses ( edit ) </H2> Reverse transcriptase is shown with its finger , palm , and thumb regions . The catalytic amino acids of the RNase H active site and the polymerase active site are shown in ball - and - stick form . <P> The enzymes are encoded and used by viruses that use reverse transcription as a step in the process of replication . Reverse - transcribing RNA viruses , such as retroviruses , use the enzyme to reverse - transcribe their RNA genomes into DNA , which is then integrated into the host genome and replicated along with it . Reverse - transcribing DNA viruses , such as the hepadnaviruses , can allow RNA to serve as a template in assembling and making DNA strands . HIV infects humans with the use of this enzyme . Without reverse transcriptase , the viral genome would not be able to incorporate into the host cell , resulting in failure to replicate . </P> <H3> Process of reverse transcription ( edit ) </H3> <P> Reverse transcriptase creates double - stranded DNA from an RNA template . </P> <P> In virus species with reverse transcriptase lacking DNA - dependent DNA polymerase activity , creation of double - stranded DNA can possibly be done by host - encoded DNA polymerase δ , mistaking the viral DNA - RNA for a primer and synthesizing a double - stranded DNA by similar mechanism as in primer removal , where the newly synthesized DNA displaces the original RNA template . </P> <P> The process of reverse transcription is extremely error - prone , and it is during this step that mutations may occur . Such mutations may cause drug resistance . </P> Retroviral reverse transcription ( edit ) <P> Retroviruses , also referred to as class VI ssRNA - RT viruses , are RNA reverse - transcribing viruses with a DNA intermediate . Their genomes consist of two molecules of positive - sense single - stranded RNA with a 5 ' cap and 3 ' polyadenylated tail . Examples of retroviruses include the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and the human T - lymphotropic virus ( HTLV ) . Creation of double - stranded DNA occurs in the cytosol as a series of these steps : </P> <Ol> <Li> Lysyl tRNA acts as a primer and hybridizes to a complementary part of the virus RNA genome called the primer binding site or PBS . </Li> <Li> Reverse transcriptase then adds DNA nucleotides onto the 3 ' end of the primer , synthesizing DNA complementary to the U5 ( non-coding region ) and R region ( a direct repeat found at both ends of the RNA molecule ) of the viral RNA . </Li> <Li> A domain on the reverse transcriptase enzyme called RNAse H degrades the U5 and R regions on the 5 ' end of the RNA . </Li> <Li> The primer then `` jumps '' to the 3 ' end of the viral genome , and the newly synthesised DNA strands hybridizes to the complementary R region on the RNA . </Li> <Li> The complementary DNA ( cDNA ) added in ( 2 ) is further extended , and then the majority of viral RNA is degraded by RNAse H , leaving only the PP sequence . </Li> <Li> Synthesis of the second DNA strand begins , using the remaining fragment of viral RNA as a primer . </Li> <Li> There is then another `` jump '' where the PBS from the second strand hybridizes with the complementary PBS on the first strand . </Li> <Li> Both strands are extended to form a complete double - stranded DNA copy of the original viral RNA genome , which can then be incorporated into the host 's genome by the enzyme integrase . </Li> </Ol> <P> Creation of double - stranded DNA also involves strand transfer , in which there is a translocation of short DNA product from initial RNA - dependent DNA synthesis to acceptor template regions at the other end of the genome , which are later reached and processed by the reverse transcriptase for its DNA - dependent DNA activity . </P> <P> Retroviral RNA is arranged in 5 ' terminus to 3 ' terminus . The site where the primer is annealed to viral RNA is called the primer - binding site ( PBS ) . The RNA 5'end to the PBS site is called U5 , and the RNA 3 ' end to the PBS is called the leader . The tRNA primer is unwound between 14 and 22 nucleotides and forms a base - paired duplex with the viral RNA at PBS . The fact that the PBS is located near the 5 ' terminus of viral RNA is unusual because reverse transcriptase synthesize DNA from 3 ' end of the primer in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction ( with respect to the RNA template ) . Therefore , the primer and reverse transcriptase must be relocated to 3 ' end of viral RNA . In order to accomplish this reposition , multiple steps and various enzymes including DNA polymerase , ribonuclease H ( RNase H ) and polynucleotide unwinding are needed . </P> <P> The HIV reverse transcriptase also has ribonuclease activity that degrades the viral RNA during the synthesis of cDNA , as well as DNA - dependent DNA polymerase activity that copies the sense cDNA strand into an antisense DNA to form a double - stranded viral DNA intermediate ( vDNA ) . </P> <H2> In eukaryotes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Self - replicating stretches of eukaryotic genomes known as retrotransposons utilize reverse transcriptase to move from one position in the genome to another via an RNA intermediate . They are found abundantly in the genomes of plants and animals . Telomerase is another reverse transcriptase found in many eukaryotes , including humans , which carries its own RNA template ; this RNA is used as a template for DNA replication . </P> <H2> In prokaryotes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Initial reports of reverse transcriptase in prokaryotes came as far back as 1971 ( Beljanski et al. , 1971a , 1972 ) . These have since been broadly described as part of bacterial Retrons , distinct sequences that code for reverse transcriptase , and are used in the synthesis of msDNA . In order to initiate synthesis of DNA , a primer is needed . In bacteria , the primer is synthesized during replication . </P> <H2> Evolutionary role ( edit ) </H2> <P> Valerian Dolja of Oregon State argues that viruses , due to their diversity , have played an evolutionary role in the development of cellular life , with reverse transcriptase playing a

The role of reverse transcriptase in retroviral infection is

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retroviral infection?

-6013821792423290372

Young and the Restless in 1972 for the network under the working title , The Innocent Years ! `` We were confronted with the very disturbing reality that young America had lost much of its innocence , '' Bell said . `` Innocence as we had known and lived it all our lives had , in so many respects , ceased to exist . '' They changed the title of the series to The Young and the Restless because they felt it `` reflected the youth and mood of the early seventies . '' The Bells named the fictional setting for the show after the real Genoa City , Wisconsin , which was located on their way from their then - home in Chicago to their annual summer vacation spot in Lake Geneva . </P> <P> The Young and the Restless began airing on March 26 , 1973 , replacing the cancelled soap opera , Where the Heart Is . Bell worked as head writer from the debut of the series until his retirement in 1998 . He wrote from his home in Chicago while production took place in Los Angeles , California . Originally , Bell wanted to shoot the series in New York , however , CBS executives felt that Los Angeles would be more cost effective . John Conboy acted as the show 's first executive producer , staying in the position until 1982 . Bell and H. Wesley Kenney became co-executive producers that year until Edward Scott took over in 1989 . Bell then became senior executive producer . Other executive producers included David Shaughnessy , John F. Smith , Lynn Marie Latham , Josh Griffith , Maria Arena Bell , and Paul Rauch . </P> <P> In the mid-1980s , Bell and his family moved to Los Angeles to create a new soap opera . During this time , his three children , William Jr. , Bradley , and Lauralee Bell , each became involved in soap operas . Lauralee Bell worked as an actress on The Young and the Restless . Bradley Bell co-created The Bold and the Beautiful with his father . William Bell Jr. became involved in the family 's production companies as president of Bell Dramatic Serial Co. and Bell - Phillip Television Productions Inc . `` It 's worked out very well for us because we really all worked in very different aspects of the show , '' William Bell Jr. said . `` With my father and I , it was a great kind of partnership and pairing in the sense that he had a total control of the creative side of the show and I did n't have even the inclination to interject in what he was doing . '' </P> <P> After William J. Bell 's 1998 retirement , a number of different head writers took over the position , including Kay Alden , Trent Jones , John F. Smith , Lynn Marie Latham , Scott Hamner , Josh Griffith , Maria Arena Bell , and Hogan Sheffer . </P> <P> In 2012 , former General Hospital executive producer Jill Farren Phelps was hired as the new executive producer of the soap , replacing Bell . Griffith was also named the sole head writer . On August 15 , 2013 , it was speculated and reported by several online sources that Griffith had resigned as head - writer of the serial . Further speculation adds that Shelly Altman may take over as the new scribe , alongside Tracey Thomson or Jean Passanante may be brought aboard as co-head scribe . On September 12 , 2013 , it was announced that Passanante and Altman were named head writers of the show , with Thomson promoted to co-head writer . </P> <P> On September 18 , 2014 , former All My Children , Santa Barbara and General Hospital head writer Charles Pratt , Jr. was named as the new head writer of the show . Passanante , Altman and Thomson have been demoted to breakdown writers . Pratt was also named as co-executive producer sharing the credit with Phelps . On June 7 , 2016 , Serial Scoop announced that Phelps had been terminated from her position as executive producer ; a replacement was not named at the time of their reporting . The following morning , Sony Pictures Television confirmed to several media outlets that Phelps had been let go from her position ; British television producer Mal Young was announced as Phelps ' replacement . Phelps ' last appearance as executive producer was July 12 , 2016 , while Young 's first appearance occurred the following day on July 13 . On September 13 , 2016 , it was announced that Pratt was named as executive producer and show - runner of Lee Daniels ' Star . The same day , Daytime Confidential revealed that former Generations and Days of Our Lives head writer Sally Sussman , who previously had positions with the show , such as Associate Head Writer , was in - talks to replace Pratt as Head Writer . On September 15 , 2016 , it was confirmed that Sussman was named as the soap 's new head writer . </P> <P> On September 21 , 2016 , Daytime Confidential reported that after ten years since leaving the soap , Alden had been re-hired to be a story consultant under Sussman 's regime . Sussman 's tenure as head writer began taping on October 20 , 2016 , and began airing on December 7 , 2016 . On June 20 , 2017 , CBS announced its decision to renew the serial for three years . On July 31 , 2017 , it was announced that both Alden and Sussman would retire from their positions ; Young was named as Sussman 's successor as head writer . Sussman last aired as head writer on October 24 , 2017 . Young 's tenure as head writer aired on October 25 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Videotaping and broadcasting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Taped at CBS Television City , studios 41 and 43 in Hollywood since its debut on March 26 , 1973 , the show was packaged by the distribution company Columbia Pictures Television , which has now been replaced by Sony Pictures Television . The Young and the Restless originally aired as a half - hour series on CBS and was the first soap opera to focus on the visual aspects of production , creating `` a look that broke with the visual conventions of the genre . '' Similar to the radio serials that had preceded them , soap operas at the time primarily focused on dialogue , characters , and story , with details like sets as secondary concerns . The Young and the Restless stood out by using unique lighting techniques and camera angles , similar to Hollywood - style productions . The style of videotaping included using out - of - the - ordinary camera angles and a large number of facial close - ups with bright lighting on the actors ' faces . Conboy said he used lighting to create `` artistic effects '' . Those effects made the series look dark , shadowy , and moody . The Young and the Restless ' look influenced the taping styles of other soap operas . When H. Wesley Kenney replaced Conboy as executive producer , he balanced the lighting of the scenes . </P> <P> Due to the success of the series , CBS and their affiliates pressured Bell to lengthen the series from 30 minutes to a full hour . Bell attributed this change to the show 's fall from number one in the Nielsen ratings , since the lengthening of the show led to the departure of a number of cast members . `` The issue of performing in a one - hour show had not been part of their contracts , '' Bell said . This forced the show to recast multiple main characters and eventually phase out the original core families in favor of new ones . The show expanded to one hour on February 4 , 1980 . It airs at 12 : 30pm ET / 11 : 00am CT / PT , although some stations opt to air it at 11 : 30am CT . </P> <P> Exteriors used in the late 1980s and early 1990s ( and reused years later ) included locations in and around Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , including Allegheny General Hospital , One Oxford Centre , the Duquesne Club , Hampton Township and the prison . Phillip Chancellor died in the Richland , Pennsylvania area , where the police chief was not told and believed the accident really happened . </P> <P> On June 27 , 2001 , The Young and the Restless became the first daytime soap opera to be broadcast in high - definition . In September 2011 , its sister soap The Bold and the Beautiful became the last soap to make the transition from SD to HD before All My Children ended its ABC run on September 23 , 2011 and began its TOLN run online on April 29 , 2013 . On April 24 , 2006 , SoapNet began airing same - day episodes of the series . The final airing on SoapNet was on June 28 , 2013 . The soap has moved from SoapNet to TV Guide Network . The same day episodes begin airing on TVGN ( now Pop ) weeknights on July 1 , 2013 . </P> <H2> Casting and story development ( edit ) </H2> See also : The Young and the Restless cast members , The Young and the Restless characters , and The Young and the Restless storylines The cast photo of The Young and the Restless , taken in celebration of the soap 's 11,000 th episode ( 2016 ) . Front row ( l-r ) : Hunter King , Miles Gaston Villanueva , Melissa Ordway , Sean Carrigan , Mishael Morgan , Bryton James , Amelia Heinle , Jason Thompson , Eileen Davidson , Gina Tognoni , Peter Bergman , Eric Braeden , Melody Thomas Scott , Steve Burton , Sharon Case , Joshua Morrow , Justin Hartley , Melissa Claire Egan , Jess Walton , Tristan Rogers , Christel Khalil and Daniel Goddard Second row : Robert Adamson , Sofia Pernas , Michael E. Knight , Beth Maitland , Tracey E. Bregman , Christian LeBlanc , Doug Davidson , Lauralee Bell , Kristoff St. John , Camryn Grimes , Greg Rikaart , Mara McCaffray , Catherine Bach and Kate Linder <P> Co-creators William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell centered The Young and the Restless around two core families , the wealthy Brooks ' and the poor Fosters . Bell borrowed this technique of soap opera building from his mentor , Irna Phillips . </P> <P> While casting for the series , Bell and executive producer John Conboy auditioned 540 actors for the 13 main characters . They assembled the youngest group of actors ever cast on a soap opera at the time , hiring mostly unknown actors who they considered `` glamorous model types '' . Chemistry between actors also factored into the criteria for casting . The stories focused on the younger characters , with an emphasis in fantasy . The fantasy element was reflected in the love story between Jill Foster and the millionaire Phillip Chancellor II ; the Leslie Brooks , Brad Elliot , and Lorie Brooks love triangle ; and Snapper Foster 's romance with Chris Brooks . </P> <P> Sexuality also played a major role in the stories . Formerly , soap operas did not delve into the sexual side of their romances . Bell changed that , first during his time as head writer of Days of Our Lives and again on The Young and the Restless . William Gray Espy 's Snapper Foster is considered the `` first to discover sex on a soap opera . '' During the story , the character is engaged to Chris Brooks ( Trish Stewart ) and having a sexual relationship with Sally

They film the Young and the Restless

Where do they film young and the restless?

8205851193536896504

shek </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Main Axis leaders <Ul> <Li> Adolf Hitler </Li> <Li> Hirohito </Li> <Li> Benito Mussolini </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military dead : Over 16,000,000 </Li> <Li> Civilian dead : Over 45,000,000 </Li> <Li> Total dead : Over 61,000,000 ( 1937 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> ... further details </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military dead : Over 8,000,000 </Li> <Li> Civilian dead : Over 4,000,000 </Li> <Li> Total dead : Over 12,000,000 ( 1937 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> ... further details </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Campaigns of World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Europe <Dl> <Dd> Poland </Dd> <Dd> Phoney War </Dd> <Dd> Winter War </Dd> <Dd> Denmark & Norway </Dd> <Dd> France & Benelux </Dd> <Dd> Britain </Dd> <Dd> Balkans </Dd> <Dd> Eastern Front </Dd> <Dd> Finland </Dd> <Dd> Western Front ( 1944 -- 45 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Pacific War </P> <Dl> <Dd> China </Dd> <Dd> Pacific Ocean </Dd> <Dd> South - East Asia </Dd> <Dd> South West Pacific </Dd> <Dd> Japan </Dd> <Dd> Manchuria ( 1945 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Mediterranean and Middle East </P> <Dl> <Dd> North Africa </Dd> <Dd> Horn of Africa </Dd> <Dd> Mediterranean Sea </Dd> <Dd> Adriatic </Dd> <Dd> Malta </Dd> <Dd> Yugoslavia </Dd> <Dd> Iraq </Dd> <Dd> Syria -- Lebanon </Dd> <Dd> Iran </Dd> <Dd> Italy </Dd> <Dd> Dodecanese </Dd> <Dd> Southern France </Dd> </Dl> <P> Other campaigns </P> <Dl> <Dd> Atlantic </Dd> <Dd> Arctic </Dd> <Dd> Strategic bombing </Dd> <Dd> America </Dd> <Dd> French West Africa </Dd> <Dd> Madagascar </Dd> </Dl> <P> Contemporaneous wars </P> <Dl> <Dd> Chinese Civil War </Dd> <Dd> USSR -- Japan Border Wars </Dd> <Dd> French -- Thai </Dd> <Dd> Ecuadorian -- Peruvian War </Dd> <Dd> Ili Rebellion </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Events leading to World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Treaty of Versailles </Td> <Td> 1919 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Treaty of Trianon </Td> <Td> 1920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Treaty of Rapallo </Td> <Td> 1920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> March on Rome </Td> <Td> 1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corfu incident </Td> <Td> 1923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Occupation of the Ruhr </Td> <Td> 1923 -- 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pacification of Libya </Td> <Td> 1923 -- 1932 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dawes Plan </Td> <Td> 1924 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Locarno Treaties </Td> <Td> 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinese Civil War </Td> <Td> 1927 -- 1936 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Young Plan </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Great Depression </Td> <Td> 1929 -- 1941 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japanese invasion of Manchuria </Td> <Td> 1931 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nazis rise to power in Germany </Td> <Td> 1933 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Franco - Soviet - Czech Pact </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Italo - Ethiopian War </Td> <Td> 1935 -- 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Remilitarization of the Rhineland </Td> <Td> 1936 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spanish Civil War </Td> <Td> 1936 -- 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anti-Comintern Pact </Td> <Td> 1936 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Sino - Japanese War </Td> <Td> 1937 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anschluss </Td> <Td> Mar. 1938 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Munich crisis </Td> <Td> Sep. 1938 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German occupation of Czechoslovakia </Td> <Td> Mar. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German ultimatum to Lithuania </Td> <Td> Mar. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> British guarantee to Poland </Td> <Td> Mar. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Invasion of Albania </Td> <Td> Apr. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pact of Steel </Td> <Td> May 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact </Td> <Td> Aug. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Battle of Britain </Td> <Td> May . 1940 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Invasion of the Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Jun. 1941 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Attack on Pearl Harbor </Td> <Td> Dec. 1941 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alphabetical indices </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z </Li> <Li> 0 -- 9 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Navigation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Campaigns </Li> <Li> Countries </Li> <Li> Equipment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Lists </Li> <Li> Outline </Li> <Li> Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Portal </Li> <Li> Category </Li> <Li> Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ) , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world 's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . </P> <P> World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities , most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China . It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation , disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history . </P> <P> The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937 , but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . From late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . The war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth , with campaigns including the North Africa and East Africa campaigns , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz bombing campaign , and the Balkan Campaign , as well as the long - running Battle of the Atlantic . On 22 June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , opening the largest land theatre of war in history , which trapped the major part of the Axis military forces into a war of attrition . In December 1941 , Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific . </P> <P> The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway , and Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and then , decisively , at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union . In 1943 , with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front , the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender , and Allied victories in the Pacific , the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts . In 1944 , the Western Allies invaded German - occupied France , while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies . During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma , while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands . </P> <P> The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union , culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops , the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively . With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent , the possibility of additional atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria , Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945 . Thus ended the war in Asia , cementing the total victory of the Allies . </P> <P> World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the world . The United Nations ( UN ) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts . The victorious great powers -- China , France , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , and the United States -- became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War , which lasted for the next 46 years . Meanwhile , the influence of European great powers waned , while the decolonisation of Africa and Asia began . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery . Political integration , especially in Europe , emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chronology </Li> <Li> 2 Background <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Europe </Li> <Li> 2.2 Asia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Pre-war events <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Italian invasion of Ethiopia ( 1935 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Spanish Civil War ( 1936 -- 39 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Japanese invasion of China ( 1937 ) </Li> <Li> 3.4 Soviet -- Japanese border conflicts </Li> <Li> 3.5 European occupations and agreements </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Course of the war <Ul> <Li> 4.1 War breaks out in Europe ( 1939 -- 40 ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 Western Europe ( 1940 -- 41 ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 Mediterranean ( 1940 -- 41 ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Axis attack on the USSR ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> 4.5 War breaks out in the Pacific ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> 4.6 Axis advance stalls ( 1942 -- 43 ) <Ul> <Li> 4.6. 1 Pacific ( 1942 -- 43 ) </Li> <Li> 4.6. 2 Eastern Front ( 1942 -- 43 ) </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3 Western Europe / Atlantic & Mediterranean ( 1942 -- 43 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.7 Allies gain momentum ( 1943 -- 44 ) </Li> <Li> 4.8 Allies close in ( 1944 ) </Li> <Li> 4.9 Axis collapse , Allied victory ( 1944 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 6 Impact <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Casualties and war crimes </Li> <Li> 6.2 Genocide , concentration camps , and slave labour </Li> <Li> 6.3 Occupation </Li> <Li> 6.4 Home fronts and production </Li> <Li> 6.5 Advances in technology and warfare </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 Citations </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Chronology </H2> See also : Timeline of World War II <Table> <Tr> <Th> Timelines of World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chronological </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prelude <Ul> <Li> ( in Asia </Li> <Li> in Europe ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1941 </Li> <Li> 1942 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> By topic </Th> </Tr> <Tr>

World War 2 was started by

Who started ww2 and how did it start?

1021660229890495268

West Wing - wikipedia <H1> West Wing </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the television series set in this location , see The West Wing . The West Wing ( lower right ) by night , December 2006 . The White House Complex . <P> The West Wing of the White House , also known as the Executive Office Building , houses the offices of the President of the United States . The West Wing contains the Oval Office , the Cabinet Room , the Situation Room , and the Roosevelt Room . </P> <P> The West Wing 's seven floors contain offices for the White House Chief of Staff , the Counselor to the President , the Senior Advisor to the President , the White House Press Secretary , and their support staffs . The Vice President -- whose primary office is next door in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building -- also has an office in the building . Adjoining the press secretary 's office , in the colonnade between the West Wing and the Executive Residence is the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room along with work space for the White House press corps . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 First Floor <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Oval Office </Li> <Li> 2.2 Cabinet Room </Li> <Li> 2.3 Roosevelt Room </Li> <Li> 2.4 Press Briefing Room </Li> <Li> 2.5 White House press corps </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ground Floor <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Situation Room </Li> <Li> 3.2 White House Mess </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Second Floor </Li> <Li> 5 Depiction on The West Wing TV series </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> The main entrance on the north side . West Wing from above . Note the Oval Office and the solar panels on the roof of the Cabinet Room . <P> Before construction of the West Wing , presidential staff worked on the second floor of what is now the Executive Residence . However , when Theodore Roosevelt became president , he found that the existing offices in the mansion were insufficient to accommodate his family of six children as well as his staff . </P> <P> In 1902 , First Lady Edith Roosevelt hired McKim , Meade & White to separate the living quarters from the offices , to enlarge and modernize the public rooms , to re-do the landscaping , and to redecorate the interior . Congress approved over half a million dollars for the renovation . </P> <P> The West Wing was originally intended as a temporary office structure , built on the site of the greenhouse and stables . The President 's Office and the Cabinet Room took up the eastern third of the building . Roosevelt 's office was located approximately where the Roosevelt Room is now . </P> <P> In 1909 , William Howard Taft expanded the building southward , covering the tennis court . He placed the first Oval Office at the center of the addition 's south facade , reminiscent of the oval rooms of the White House . Later , at the outset of his presidency , Herbert Hoover rebuilt the West Wing , excavating a partial basement , and supporting it with structural steel . The completed building lasted less than seven months . On December 24 , 1929 , the West Wing was significantly damaged by an electrical fire . Hoover rebuilt it , and added air - conditioning . </P> <P> The fourth and final major reorganization was undertaken by Franklin D. Roosevelt . Dissatisfied with the size and layout of the West Wing , he engaged New York architect Eric Gugler to redesign it in 1933 . To create additional space without increasing the apparent size of the building , Gugler excavated a full basement , added a set of subterranean offices under the adjacent lawn , and built an unobtrusive `` penthouse '' story . The directive to wring the most office space out of the existing building was responsible for its narrow corridors and cramped staff offices . Gugler 's most notable change was the addition to the east side containing a new Cabinet Room , Secretary 's Office , and Oval Office . The new office 's location gave presidents greater privacy , allowing them to slip back and forth between the White House and the West Wing without being in full view of the staff . </P> <P> As the size of the president 's staff grew over the latter half of the 20th century , the West Wing generally came to be seen as too small for its modern governmental functions . Today , most of the staff members of the Executive Office of the President are located in the adjacent Eisenhower Executive Office Building . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Original West Wing and tennis court , circa 1903 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Expanded West Wing , circa 1910s . President Taft 's 1909 expansion covered most of the tennis court . Note the `` bow '' of the first Oval Office . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> President Hoover views West Wing fire ruins , January 15 , 1930 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Modern West Wing under construction , circa 1933 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Exterior of the modern Oval Office , completed 1934 . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> First floor ( edit ) </H2> First Floor plan . <H3> Oval Office ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Oval Office <H3> Cabinet Room ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cabinet Room ( White House ) <H3> Roosevelt Room ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Roosevelt Room <P> Richard Nixon also renamed the room , previously called by Franklin Roosevelt the `` Fish Room '' ( where he kept aquariums , and where John F. Kennedy displayed trophy fish ) in honor of the two Presidents Roosevelt : Theodore , who first built the West Wing , and Franklin , who built the current Oval Office . By tradition , a portrait of Franklin Roosevelt hangs over the mantel of the Roosevelt Room during the administration of a president from the Democratic Party and a portrait of Theodore Roosevelt hangs during the administration of a Republican president ( although Bill Clinton chose to retain the portrait of Theodore Roosevelt above the mantel ) . In the past , the portrait not hanging over the mantel hung on the opposite wall . However , during the first term of George W. Bush , an audio - visual cabinet was placed on the opposite wall providing secure audio and visual conference capabilities across the hall from the Oval Office . </P> <H3> Press Briefing Room ( edit ) </H3> Main article : James S. Brady Press Briefing Room <P> During the 1930s , the March of Dimes constructed a swimming pool so that Franklin Roosevelt could exercise , as therapy for his polio - related disability . Richard Nixon had the swimming pool covered over to create the Press Briefing Room , where the White House Press Secretary gives daily briefings . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Oval Office Study , 1978 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Private Dining Room , 1988 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Roosevelt Room , 2006 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Secretary 's office , 1961 . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> James S. Brady Press Briefing Room , 2007 . Formerly , the swimming pool . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H3> White House Press corps ( edit ) </H3> Main article : White House press corps <P> The journalists , correspondents , and others who are part of the White House press corps have offices near the press briefing room . </P> <H2> Ground floor ( edit ) </H2> Ground Floor plan . <H3> Situation Room ( edit ) </H3> Main article : White House Situation Room <H3> White House Mess ( edit ) </H3> <P> The West Wing ground floor is also the site of a cafeteria , staffed by Naval culinary specialists and called the White House Mess . It is located underneath the Oval Office , and was established by President Truman on June 11 , 1951 . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Ground Floor Lobby . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The Situation Room , newly renovated during the Presidency of George W. Bush </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Entrance to the White House Mess , decorated for Halloween . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Second Floor ( edit ) </H2> Second Floor plan . <H2> Depiction on the West Wing tv series ( edit ) </H2> Main article : The West Wing <P> In 1999 , The West Wing television series brought greater public attention to the workings of the presidential staff , as well as to the location of those working in the West Wing . The show followed the working lives of a fictional U.S. president , Josiah Bartlet , and his senior staff . When asked whether the show accurately captured the working environment in 2003 , Press Secretary Scott McClellan commented that the show portrayed more foot traffic and larger rooms than in the real West Wing . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tour the West Wing '' . Retrieved May 25 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The Oval Office '' . Retrieved May 25 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The President 's Cabinet '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Situation Room '' . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Roosevelt Room '' . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Inside the White House '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` TR Center - Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt '' . TheodoreRooseveltCenter.org . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gould , Lewis L. ( 2014 - 02 - 04 ) . American First Ladies : Their Lives and Their Legacy . Routledge . ISBN 9781135311551 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : William Seale , The President 's House ( White House Historical Association , 1986 ) , pp. 946 - 49 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The underground offices became the Situation Room and White House Mess. 1938 photo , showing courtyard lighting the underground offices from Library of Congress . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` West Wing of the White House '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ingle , Saul ( December 2001 ) . `` Dinner at 1600 - naval Mess Management Specialists on duty in White House '' . All Hands . Retrieved 2013 - 05 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Scott McClellan Hosts Ask the White House '' . The White House . National Archives . Retrieved 2007 - 08 - 17 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to West Wing . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> White House Museum : West Wing , with floorplan and historical images </Li> <Li> West Wing Interactive , from National Journal Magazine </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> White House Complex </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> White House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive Residence </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Basement </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Basement </Li> <Li> Chief Floral Designer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ground floor </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> China Room <Ul> <Li> collection </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Office of the Curator </Li> <Li> Diplomatic Reception Room </Li> <Li> Library </Li> <Li> Map Room </Li> <Li> Vermeil Room </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State floor </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Blue Room </Li> <Li> Cross Hall </Li> <Li> East Room </Li> <Li> Entrance Hall </Li> <Li> Family Dining Room </Li> <Li> Grand Staircase </Li> <Li> Green Room </Li> <Li> Red Room </Li> <Li> South Portico </Li> <Li> State Dining Room </Li> <Li> Chief Usher </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Second floor </Th> <Td> <Ul>

During a Christmas party in 1929, the West Wing of the White House was

What happened to the west wing of the white house during a christmas party in 1929?

6536528459363538848

List of the Next Step episodes - Wikipedia <H1> List of the Next Step episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise . ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Next Step is a Canadian teen drama series created by Frank van Keeken and produced by Temple Street Productions . Shot in a dramatic mockumentary style , the series focuses on a group of dancers who attend The Next Step Dance Studio . They have won Regionals , Nationals and Internationals . As of December 6 , 2017 , 154 episodes of The Next Step have aired . </P> <P> On March 21 , 2016 , Frank van Keeken announced on Instagram that The Next Step would return for a fifth season , which premiered on May 26 , 2017 . The series has been renewed for a sixth season of 26 episodes which will premiere in 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Season 1 ( 2013 -- 14 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Season 2 ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Season 3 ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 2.4 Season 4 ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Li> <Li> 2.5 Season 5 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 30 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 8 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> June 7 , 2013 ( 2013 - 06 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> January 3 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 34 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 7 , 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> June 6 , 2014 ( 2014 - 06 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 12 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> January 2 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 30 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 16 , 2015 ( 2015 - 03 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> April 2 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 11 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> December 11 , 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 40 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> February 15 , 2016 ( 2016 - 02 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> June 24 , 2016 ( 2016 - 06 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> October 14 , 2016 ( 2016 - 10 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> May 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 5 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 20 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> May 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> August 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> October 13 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> December 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 15 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2013 -- 14 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="13"> Part 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Get The Party Started '' </Td> <Td> Brian K. Roberts </Td> <Td> Frank van Keeken </Td> <Td> March 8 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The A - and B - Troupe dancers audition to earn a place in A-Troupe . When the fourth group of dancers are about to start their audition , an unknown dancer named Michelle who just moved from Madison , Wisconsin comes in . By this unexpected twist , last year 's Dance Captain , Emily feels threatened by Michelle . Kate talks to Michelle in her office and tells her she would be happy to audition as she was dance captain at her old studio as well as being miss national soloist . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Everybody Dance Now '' </Td> <Td> Brian K. Roberts </Td> <Td> Frank van Keeken and Chloe Van Keeken </Td> <Td> March 12 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> <P> Giselle does not make it into A-Troupe . Giselle is later removed from the E-girls for not being in A-Troupe , as the rules are that all E-girls must be in A-Troupe . Emily promises to get Giselle back in A-troupe , and kick Michelle out . Chloe later becomes part of the E-Girls . Stephanie tells Michelle before their first dance rehearsal is in Studio B but , Giselle , who is on her way to B - Troupe tells her that A-Troupe is always in Studio A. Stephanie tells us in a confessional she did this so Michelle would be late , and get a bad reputation in A-Troupe . It is said by people in A-Troupe and as well in a confession done by James was that James has dated many girls before , including Beth who is now in B - Troupe , and Amanda , who was at Elite which is a rival studio which always wins regionals </P> . He uses dancing as an `` unfair '' advantage to get girls . It is said as well that E-girls is named by Emily , whose name starts with the letter `` E '' so that 's why they are called the E-Girls . Also the E-girls have over 100 rules , the main one being that you always look out for fellow E-Girls , also they have a fairly simple hand shake , creating an `` E '' with their hand , linking it with another E-girl to create an `` E '' on the top and a `` G '' on the bottom . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Dance , Dance '' </Td> <Td> Brian K. Roberts </Td> <Td> Chloe Van Keeken </Td> <Td> March 13 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Kate and Chris give Michelle a chance to be dance captain considering her being dance captain at her last studio . Each dance captain had to split into a group of 5 . But when Chris chooses the groups , Emily is split with Stephanie , her best friend , and Stephanie has to mess up the dance moves in Michelle 's dance . Riley feels that Emily and Stephanie 's idea shows that Emily is feeling too threatened towards Michelle . Kate yells at Michelle for deciding that their dance was ready , where Michelle argues saying that Stephanie agreed that she was ready . Emily was once again dance captain . Meanwhile , James is about to get kicked out of the studio for failing math . Chris says that he will help James and his mom gives him a second chance . West tries to befriend James by randomly putting on dance offs in public . Everyone in A-Troupe starts arguing over who should be dance captain , Kate panics and Chris throws ping pong balls for everyone to clean up . Until West starts dancing in front of James , James starts dancing in response meaning West has won his respect . Eventually everyone starts dancing together , forgetting about the dance captain situation . They realize they are here to dance , not to complain . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Rock and a Hard Place '' </Td> <Td> Brian K. Roberts </Td> <Td> Rachael Schaefer </Td> <Td> March 14 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> A dance competition is coming up this weekend so Kate and Chris think they should decide the dance line positions . Emily persuades them to let her make the decision , which leads her to putting Michelle in the back row . After Riley finds out that Emily lied to A-Troupe about having the list reviewed by Kate and Chris , she approaches James and asks him if he thinks her being in the front over Michelle is fair , he gives her honest opinion and tells her that it is not . So she switches her front line position with Michelle in the middle of a rehearsal . Emily is outraged that her sister betrayed her , and the E-Girls vote to kick Riley out of their clique . Also , Daniel choreographs a routine for J - troupe , while Tiffany uses J - Troupe to mess with him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Steal My Sunshine '' </Td> <Td> Mitchell T. Ness </Td> <Td> Chloe Van Keeken </Td> <Td> March 15 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The A-Troupe members go to the beach for a day off while the E-Girls run Dance Camp for the little kids . At the beach , Riley loses Emily 's necklace and the group has to find it before they leave the beach . Meanwhile , one of the little kids at dance camp gets lost and the E-Girls have to find her before dance camp is over . At the end , Riley finds Emily 's necklace and the E-girls find the little girl . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Good Girls Go Bad '' </Td> <Td> Frank van Keeken </Td> <Td> Story by : Cole Bastedo Teleplay by : Rachael Schaefer </Td> <Td> March 22 , 2013 ( 2013 - 03 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The A-Troupe takes a visit to the Elite studio to see what they 're doing for Regionals . West and Daniel stay at the studio and dance while the rest go to Elite . Riley asks James to go along to keep an eye for Michelle as he is the only one she feels she can trust to keep Emily from hurting Michelle . Michelle gets caught at Elite while filming their routine and the rest of the group leave her there , where she pretends to audition as a cover up . Elite consider recruiting her . Meanwhile , Daniel & West choreograph a duet together . The episode ends as Michelle worries in a confessional . When Kate realizes Michelle was late , she called her over to have a chat about what she overheard the dancers saying . She then tells Emily that Michelle may leave the studio because of how unhappy she was , although Michelle said that it was purely to spy . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Love Story '' </Td> <Td> Brian K. Roberts </Td> <Td> Frank van Keeken </Td> <Td> April 19 , 2013 ( 2013 - 04 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Michelle is still at the Elite studio , frightened to be in front of the Elite group . She is so embarrassed to be caught in front of the whole Elite group . Michelle volunteered to film some of Elite 's dancing to try to gain a friendship with Emily .

The next season of Step Up, Season 3, is coming out on

When is the next step season 3 coming out?

4751970918979686297

- 30 ) </Td> <Td> 2.07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 219b </Th> <Td> 4b </Td> <Td> `` Larry the Floor Manager '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Ben Gruber </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> September 30 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> 2.07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 220 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` The Legend of Boo - Kini Bottom '' </Td> <Td> Mark Caballero and Seamus Walsh Tom Yasumi ( timing ) </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Brian Morante and Sally Cruikshank </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 2.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 221a </Th> <Td> 6a </Td> <Td> `` No Pictures Please '' </Td> <Td> Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> November 6 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 1.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 221b </Th> <Td> 6b </Td> <Td> `` Stuck on the Roof '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Andrew Goodman </Td> <Td> Kelly Armstrong </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> November 6 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 1.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 222a </Th> <Td> 7a </Td> <Td> `` Krabby Patty Creature Feature '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart </Td> <Td> Chris Allison , Ryan Kramer and Kaz </Td> <Td> Chris Allison and Ryan Kramer </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 222b </Th> <Td> 7b </Td> <Td> `` Teacher 's Pests '' </Td> <Td> Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Ben Gruber </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 223a </Th> <Td> 8a </Td> <Td> `` Sanitation Insanity '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart </Td> <Td> Ben Gruber </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> May 21 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 223b </Th> <Td> 8b </Td> <Td> `` Bunny Hunt '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> March 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> 1.44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 224a </Th> <Td> 9a </Td> <Td> `` Squid Noir '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Andrew Goodman </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> November 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 1.86 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 224b </Th> <Td> 9b </Td> <Td> `` Scavenger Pants '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Luke Brookshier </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> November 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 1.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 225a </Th> <Td> 10a </Td> <Td> `` Cuddle E. Hugs '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Ben Gruber </Td> <Td> Kelly Armstrong </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> November 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 1.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 225b </Th> <Td> 10b </Td> <Td> `` Pat the Horse '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> December 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 1.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 226a </Th> <Td> 11a </Td> <Td> `` Chatterbox Gary '' </Td> <Td> Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Luke Brookshier </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> February 12 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 1.70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 226b </Th> <Td> 11b </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Feed the Clowns '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> February 12 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 1.70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 227a </Th> <Td> 12a </Td> <Td> `` Drive Happy '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> February 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 1.63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 227b </Th> <Td> 12b </Td> <Td> `` Old Man Patrick '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> February 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 1.63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 228a </Th> <Td> 13a </Td> <Td> `` Fun - Sized Friends '' </Td> <Td> Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Andrew Goodman </Td> <Td> Kelly Armstrong </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> February 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 1.97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 228b </Th> <Td> 13b </Td> <Td> `` Grandmum 's the Word '' </Td> <Td> Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> February 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 1.45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 229a </Th> <Td> 14a </Td> <Td> `` Doodle Dimension '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Luke Brookshier </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> March 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 1.30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 229b </Th> <Td> 14b </Td> <Td> `` Moving Bubble Bass '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> March 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 1.35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 230a </Th> <Td> 15a </Td> <Td> `` High Sea Diving '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> April 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 1.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 230b </Th> <Td> 15b </Td> <Td> `` Bottle Burglars '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Luke Brookshier </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> April 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 1.23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 231a </Th> <Td> 16a </Td> <Td> `` My Leg ! '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 231b </Th> <Td> 16b </Td> <Td> `` Ink Lemonade '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Kelly Armstrong </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 232a </Th> <Td> 17a </Td> <Td> `` Shopping List '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Zeus Cervas </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 232b </Th> <Td> 17b </Td> <Td> `` Mustard O'Mine '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 233a </Th> <Td> 18a </Td> <Td> `` Whale Watching '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Andrew Goodman </Td> <Td> John Trabbic </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 233b </Th> <Td> 18b </Td> <Td> `` The Krusty Cleaners '' </Td> <Td> Alan Smart </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Brian Morante </Td> <Td> Sherm Cohen </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 234a </Th> <Td> 19a </Td> <Td> `` Patnocchio '' </Td> <Td> Tom Yasumi </Td> <Td> Mr. Lawrence </Td> <Td> Fred Osmond </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 234b </Th> <Td> 19b </Td> <Td> `` ChefBob '' </Td> <Td> Bob Jaques </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> Kelly Armstrong </Td> <Td> Dave Cunningham </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 235a </Th> <Td> 20a </Td> <Td> `` Library Cards '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 235b </Th> <Td> 20b </Td> <Td> `` Plankton Paranoia '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Adam Paloian </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 236a </Th> <Td> 21a </Td> <Td> `` Surf n ' Turf '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 236b </Th> <Td> 21b </Td> <Td> `` Call the Cops '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 237 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Goons on the Moon '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Kaz </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 238a </Th> <Td> 23a </Td> <Td> `` Appointment TV '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 238b </Th> <Td> 23b </Td> <Td> `` Karen 's Virus '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 239a </Th> <Td> 24a </Td> <Td> `` The Night Patty '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 239b </Th> <Td> 24b </Td> <Td> `` The Grill is Gone '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 240a </Th> <Td> 25a </Td> <Td> `` It 's Bubbletown '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 240b </Th> <Td> 25b </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 241a </Th> <Td> 26a </Td> <Td> `` Squirrel Jelly '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 241b </Th> <Td> 26b </Td> <Td> `` The String '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> The SpongeBob Movie ( 2020 ) </H3> <P> On April 30 , 2015 , Viacom announced a third movie was in development . On August 3 , 2015 , via Twitter , Vincent Waller confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that Paul Tibbitt will once again direct . On November 11 , 2015 , Waller confirmed via Twitter that the film will be mostly traditionally animated with CGI / live - action sequences . Screenwriters Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger said in a January 2016 interview that they are working on the third SpongeBob movie . The film will be released on July 31 , 2020 to coincide with the 21st anniversary of SpongeBob SquarePants . </P> <H2> Notes </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Information is taken from the opening credits of each episode . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Initial airings , Tales from the Deep DVD and Deep Sea Sillies VHS versions . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Later reruns , The Complete 1st Season DVD , The First 100 Episodes DVD , and 10 Happiest Moments DVD versions . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ This episode was first released on the Sea Stories VHS / DVD on November 5 , 2002 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ This episode was first released on the Nautical Nonsense and Sponge Buddies DVD on March 12 , 2002 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ This episode was first released on the Nautical Nonsense and Sponge Buddies DVD on March 12 , 2002 . </Li> <Li> Jump

The name of the last episode of SpongeBob is

What is the name of the last episode of spongebob?

3998737477138282236

<Tr> <Th> Female </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Beatrice of Nazareth </Li> <Li> Bridget of Sweden </Li> <Li> Catherine of Siena </Li> <Li> Mechthild of Magdeburg </Li> <Li> Marguerite Porete </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15th 16th ( show ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Spanish </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ignatius of Loyola </Li> <Li> Francisco de Osuna </Li> <Li> John of Ávila </Li> <Li> Teresa of Ávila </Li> <Li> John of the Cross </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Others </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Catherine of Genoa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17th 18th ( show ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> French </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pierre de Bérulle </Li> <Li> Jean - Jacques Olier </Li> <Li> Louis de Montfort </Li> <Li> Charles de Condren </Li> <Li> John Eudes </Li> <Li> John of St. Samson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Others </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> María de Ágreda </Li> <Li> Anne Catherine Emmerich </Li> <Li> Veronica Giuliani </Li> <Li> Francis de Sales </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19th ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Dina Bélanger </Li> <Li> Catherine Labouré </Li> <Li> Mélanie Calvat </Li> <Li> Maximin Giraud </Li> <Li> Bernadette Soubirous </Li> <Li> Conchita de Armida </Li> <Li> Luisa Piccarreta </Li> <Li> Mary of the Divine Heart </Li> <Li> Thérèse of Lisieux </Li> <Li> Gemma Galgani </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20th ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Padre Pio </Li> <Li> Therese Neumann </Li> <Li> Marthe Robin </Li> <Li> Adrienne von Speyr </Li> <Li> Alexandrina of Balazar </Li> <Li> Faustina Kowalska </Li> <Li> Berthe Petit </Li> <Li> Sister Lúcia of Fátima </Li> <Li> Edgar Cayce </Li> <Li> Simone Weil </Li> <Li> Alfred Delp </Li> <Li> Thomas Merton </Li> <Li> Charles de Foucauld </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Contemporary papal views ( show ) Aspects of meditation ( Orationis Formas , 1989 ) Reflection on the New Age ( 2003 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Literature Media ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Lingua Ignota </Li> <Li> Ordo Virtutum </Li> <Li> Scivias </Li> <Li> Ascent of Mount Carmel </Li> <Li> Dark Night of the Soul </Li> <Li> Spiritual Canticle </Li> <Li> Way of Perfection </Li> <Li> Book of the First Monks </Li> <Li> The Interior Castle </Li> <Li> Abbey of the Holy Ghost </Li> <Li> A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation </Li> <Li> Diary : Divine Mercy in My Soul </Li> <Li> From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart </Li> <Li> The Glories of Mary </Li> <Li> The Imitation of Christ </Li> <Li> The Ladder of Divine Ascent </Li> <Li> Philokalia </Li> <Li> Revelations of Divine Love </Li> <Li> Spiritual Canticle </Li> <Li> The Story of a Soul </Li> <Li> Theologia Germanica </Li> <Li> Devotio Moderna </Li> <Li> The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima </Li> <Li> Sol de Fátima </Li> <Li> The Cloud of Unknowing </Li> <Li> The Consolation of Philosophy </Li> <Li> The Mirror of Simple Souls </Li> <Li> Sister Catherine Treatise </Li> <Li> Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii </Li> <Li> The Vision of Adamnán </Li> <Li> Divine Comedy <Ul> <Li> Inferno </Li> <Li> Purgatorio </Li> <Li> Paradiso </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Chaplet of the Divine Mercy , also called the Divine Mercy Chaplet , is a Christian devotion to the Divine Mercy , based on the Christological apparitions of Jesus reported by Saint Faustina Kowalska ( 1905 -- 1938 ) , known as `` the Apostle of Mercy . '' She was a Polish religious sister of the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy and canonized as a Catholic saint in 2000 . </P> <P> Faustina stated that she received the prayer through visions and conversations with Jesus , who made specific promises regarding the recitation of the prayers . Her Vatican biography quotes some of these conversations . </P> <P> As a Roman Catholic devotion , the chaplet is often said as a rosary - based prayer with the same set of rosary beads used for reciting the Rosary or the Chaplet of Holy Wounds . As an Anglican devotion , the Divine Mercy Society of the Anglican Church states that the chaplet can also be recited on Anglican prayer beads . The chaplet may also be said without beads , usually by counting prayers on the fingertips , and may be accompanied by the veneration of the Divine Mercy image . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Chaplet <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Prayers <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 First opening prayer </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Second opening prayer </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Eternal Father </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 For the sake of His sorrowful Passion </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 Holy God </Li> <Li> 2.1. 6 Closing prayer </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Structure </Li> <Li> 2.3 Novena </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Further reading </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main articles : Divine Mercy and Mary Faustina Kowalska <P> On September 13 , 1935 , while Faustina was in Vilnius , she wrote of a vision of Jesus about the chaplet in her diary ( Notebook 1 item 476 ) . Faustina stated that Jesus asked her to pray the chaplet and instruct others to do so . Although the chaplet is said on beads like the Rosary , it is about a third of the length of the Rosary , and unlike the Rosary that has evolved over the years , the form and structure of the chaplet has remained unchanged since Faustina attributed it to a message from Jesus . </P> <P> According to Faustina 's visions , written in her diary , the chaplet 's prayers for mercy are threefold : to obtain mercy , to trust in Christ 's mercy , and to show mercy to others . Faustina wrote that Jesus promised that all who recite this chaplet at the hour of death or in the presence of the dying will receive great mercy . She wrote that Jesus said : </P> <P> `` ... When they say this Chaplet in the presence of the dying , I will stand between My Father and the dying not as the just judge but as the Merciful Savior . '' </P> <P> Faustina stated that Jesus also promised that anything can be obtained with this prayer if it is compatible with His will . In her diary Faustina recounted a vision on September 13 , 1935 in which she saw an angel sent to a city to destroy it . Faustina began to pray for God 's mercy on the city and felt the strong presence of the Holy Trinity . After she prayed the internally instructed prayers , the angel was powerless to harm the city . In subsequent visions , Faustina learned that the prayers she spoke were to be taught to all the people of the world . </P> <P> According to Roman Catholic tradition , the chaplet may be said at any time , but it is said especially on Divine Mercy Sunday and Fridays at 3 : 00 PM . The Chaplet is prayed daily at the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge , Massachusetts . In the Philippines , Singapore , and Hong Kong the `` 3 o'clock Prayer '' is broadcast on radio and television stations daily at 3 : 00 p.m. In 2000 , Pope John Paul II ordained the Sunday after Easter Divine Mercy Sunday , where Roman Catholics remember the institution of the Sacrament of Penance . The hour Jesus died by crucifixion , 3 : 00 PM ( 15 : 00 ) , is called the Hour of Mercy . In a novena , the chaplet is usually said each of the nine days from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday . </P> <P> Pope John Paul II was instrumental in the formal establishment of the Divine Mercy devotion and acknowledged the efforts of the Marian Fathers in its promotion in a Papal Blessing in 2001 , the 70th anniversary of the revelation of the Divine Mercy Message and Devotion . Although the prayers said on the beads of the rosary chain share specific similarities between the Chaplet of Divine Mercy and the Chaplet of Holy Wounds , these are distinct chaplets and were introduced over 20 years apart , one in Poland , the other in France . </P> <H2> Chaplet </H2> <H3> Prayers </H3> <P> The Chaplet contains several unique prayers . </P> First opening prayer <P> This prayer is optional , and may be used to begin the Chaplet : </P> <P> You expired , Jesus , but the source of life gushed forth for souls , and the ocean of mercy opened up for the whole world . O Fount of Life , unfathomable Divine Mercy , envelop the whole world and empty Yourself out upon us . </P> Second opening prayer <P> This prayer , repeated three times in succession , is also optional , and may be used along with the first opening prayer to begin the Chaplet : </P> <P> O Blood and Water , which gushed forth from the Heart of Jesus as a fountain of Mercy for us , I trust in You ! </P> Eternal Father <P> This prayer opens each decade of the Chaplet : </P> <P> Eternal Father , I offer you the Body and Blood , Soul and Divinity of Your Dearly Beloved Son , Our Lord , Jesus Christ , in atonement for our sins and those of the whole world . </P> For the sake of His sorrowful Passion <P> This prayer , repeated 10 times in succession , forms the body of each decade of the Chaplet : </P> <P> For the sake of His sorrowful Passion , have mercy on us and on the whole world . </P> Holy God <P> This prayer , repeated three times in succession , concludes the Chaplet : </P> <P> Holy God , Holy Mighty One , Holy Immortal One , have mercy on us and on the whole world . </P> Closing prayer <P> This prayer is optional , and may be used after the Holy God to end the Chaplet : </P> <P> Eternal God , in whom mercy is endless and the treasury of compassion -- inexhaustible , look kindly upon us and increase Your mercy in us , that in difficult moments we might not despair nor become despondent , but with great confidence submit ourselves to Your holy will , which is Love and Mercy itself . </P> <H3> Structure </H3> The chaplet is often recited on beads as a rosary - based prayer <P> The chaplet is prayed on ordinary rosary beads that are also used to pray the Dominican Rosary . The structure of the Chaplet is as follows : </P> <P> The Chaplet is begun on the short strand of the rosary beads : </P> <Ul> <Li> The sign of the cross on the Crucifix ; </Li> <Li> The optional first opening prayer on the first large bead ; </Li> <Li> The optional second opening prayer , repeated three times , still on the first large bead ; </Li> <Li> The Lord 's Prayer on the first small bead ; </Li> <Li> The Hail Mary on the second small bead ; and </Li> <Li> The Apostles ' Creed on the third small bead . </Li> </Ul> <P> The praying of the decades then follows , repeating this cycle for each : </P> <Ul> <Li> The Eternal Father on the large bead , with a specific offering each decade ; and </Li> <Li> The For the sake of His sorrowful Passion on each of the ten adjacent small beads , with other petitions for mercy , emphasizing the offering of the Body and Blood of Christ . </Li> </Ul> <P> To conclude : </P> <Ul> <Li> The Holy God on the medallion ; </Li> <Li> The optional closing prayer , still

You pray the Chaplet of Divine Mercy

When do you pray the chaplet of divine mercy?

3219934567100001755

Backboard shattering - wikipedia <H1> Backboard shattering </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> A backboard shattering is an accident or stunt in basketball . It occurs when a player slam dunks the ball hard enough to break the 1 / 2 '' tempered safety glass of the backboard . The stunt has caused games to be canceled or delayed , serious injuries to occur and expensive costs of cleanup and replacement . Shattering a backboard is extremely dangerous , sending shards of glass flying over the players and fans . In the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , shattering a backboard during a game is penalized with a non-unsportsmanlike conduct technical foul and a possible fine towards the player . The player may not be ejected , nor shall the foul count towards a player 's total towards either ejection or suspension . </P> <P> Backboard shattering has altered the game in many different ways . In 1967 , the dunk was banned in high school and college basketball . The rule - makers claimed the dunk was outlawed to prevent injury and equipment damage . After multiple issues with the new rule , nine years later they allowed the slam dunk to be legal again due to the invention of the breakaway rim . The NBA began using them after Darryl Dawkins shattered two backboards with his slam dunks during the 1979 -- 80 season . </P> <P> Throughout the history of basketball there have always been athletes with the size and strength to slam dunk the ball through the rim . However , the first NBA player to shatter a backboard , Chuck Connors ( who would become far more famous as an actor ) , did not do so with a dunk . When playing for the Boston Celtics in 1946 , Connors took a set shot during pregame warmups , hitting the front of the rim . Because an arena worker had failed to place a protective piece between the rim and backboard , the backboard shattered . All - star power forward Gus Johnson of the Baltimore Bullets became famous as a backboard breaker in the NBA , shattering three during his career in the 1960s and early 1970s . In the ABA , Charlie Hentz shattered two backboards in the same game on November 6 , 1970 , resulting in the game being cancelled . </P> <P> Darryl Dawkins became famous for shattering backboards , and is credited for being the one person to cause the NBA to introduce `` breakaway rims '' . Shaquille O'Neal slam dunked so hard that he broke the supports holding two backboards during games against the New Jersey Nets and the Phoenix Suns during the 1992 -- 93 NBA season . </P> <P> Chris Morris , a former NBA star with the New Jersey Nets , shattered a backboard during a game in 1993 ; Jerome Lane shattered a backboard during a game in 1988 while playing for the University of Pittsburgh ; Blue Edwards shattered a backboard during a Midnight Madness event while he was playing at East Carolina . Bryant Reeves shattered a backboard during team practice / warm - ups prior to their 1995 NCAA tourney game against UCLA . Following the 1992 -- 93 season the NBA increased steel brace strength and increased stability of the backboard to prevent the hoop from falling down after Shaquille O'Neal broke two goal standards the previous season ( although the glass remained intact , welds in the goal standard failed ) . The aforementioned technical foul was also introduced at the time . During the NCAA tournament in 1996 , Darvin Ham shattered a backboard while playing for Texas Tech against North Carolina . Robert Traylor , while playing for the Michigan Wolverines , shattered a backboard against the Ball State Cardinals in 1996 . In 2012 , during a preseason exhibition game held in Sassari , Italy , Olympiacos starter and former NBA player Joey Dorsey ended up breaking the glass of a backboard against Dinamo Sassari . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Shattering Backboards . NBA.com . October 23 , 2001 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Herzog , Brian ( 2003 ) . Hoopmania . New York : Rosen . p. 72 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Broussard , Chris ( 15 February 2004 ) . `` A Game Played Above the Rim , Above all Else '' . New York Times . Retrieved 24 April 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Schwartz , Larry . `` Rifleman is first to shatter an NBA backboard '' . ESPN . Archived from the original on 6 November 2012 . Retrieved 25 April 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Goldaper , Sam ( April 30 , 1987 ) . `` Gus Johnson , Ex-N.B.A. Star with Baltimore , is Dead at 48 '' . The New York Times . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWisFa-c-T4 Chris Morris Shatters Backboard </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh9PToHOquI `` Send It In , Jerome ! ! '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9XYG_EWOjQ Blue Edwards breaks backboard </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4ZQYF2hNgM Bryant Reeves breaks backboard </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roberts , Selena ( Sep 13 , 1993 ) . `` New This Year In Nba : Shaq - proof Backboards '' . Orlando Sentinel . Retrieved Apr 25 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Skipwith , Wes . `` Faces in the Crowd '' . Texas Media Relations . Retrieved 24 April 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kalmbach , Bob . `` Crashing the boards '' . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joey Dorsey σπάει το ταμπλό redbasketzone.blogspot.com on YouTube </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Basketball ( outline ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> History of basketball </Li> <Li> James Naismith </Li> <Li> Variations of basketball </Li> <Li> Leagues </Li> <Li> Statistics </Li> <Li> Glossary of terms </Li> <Li> Index of articles </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rules </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bonus </Li> <Li> Jump ball </Li> <Li> Officials </Li> <Li> Turnover </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Violation <Ul> <Li> 3 seconds <Ul> <Li> Offense </Li> <Li> Defense </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 seconds </Li> <Li> Basket interference </Li> <Li> Carrying </Li> <Li> Double dribble </Li> <Li> Goaltending </Li> <Li> Shot clock </Li> <Li> Traveling </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Foul <Ul> <Li> Flagrant </Li> <Li> Personal </Li> <Li> Technical </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Game play </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Air ball </Li> <Li> Alley - oop </Li> <Li> Assist </Li> <Li> Backboard shattering </Li> <Li> Ball hog </Li> <Li> Block </Li> <Li> Buzzer beater </Li> <Li> Cherry picking </Li> <Li> Dribble <Ul> <Li> Crossover </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dunk </Li> <Li> Euro step </Li> <Li> Fadeaway </Li> <Li> Fast break <Ul> <Li> Fly </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Flop </Li> <Li> Jump shot </Li> <Li> Layup <Ul> <Li> Finger roll </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Field goal </Li> <Li> Four - point play </Li> <Li> Free throw </Li> <Li> Hook shot </Li> <Li> Moves </Li> <Li> Pick and roll </Li> <Li> Positions </Li> <Li> Posterized </Li> <Li> Playbook </Li> <Li> Rebound </Li> <Li> Point </Li> <Li> Screen <Ul> <Li> Back screen </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Slashing </Li> <Li> Steal </Li> <Li> Three - pointer </Li> <Li> Three - point play </Li> <Li> Uncontested shot </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Strategy </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> General </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sixth man </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Offense </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Continuity offense <Ul> <Li> Flex </Li> <Li> Shuffle </Li> <Li> UCLA High Post </Li> <Li> Wheel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dribble drive motion </Li> <Li> Four corners </Li> <Li> Motion </Li> <Li> Princeton </Li> <Li> Run and gun <Ul> <Li> Grinnell System </Li> <Li> Nellie Ball </Li> <Li> Small ball </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Triangle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defense </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 - 2 - 1 - 1 </Li> <Li> 1 -- 3 -- 1 </Li> <Li> 2 -- 3 zone </Li> <Li> Amoeba </Li> <Li> Box - and - one </Li> <Li> Double team </Li> <Li> Full - court press </Li> <Li> Hack - a-Shaq </Li> <Li> Jordan Rules </Li> <Li> Line </Li> <Li> Man - to - man </Li> <Li> Match - up zone </Li> <Li> Triangle - and - two </Li> <Li> Zone </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Equipment </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Backboard </Li> <Li> Ball </Li> <Li> Breakaway rim </Li> <Li> Court <Ul> <Li> Half court </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Key </Li> <Li> Net </Li> <Li> Possession arrow </Li> <Li> Whistle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Clothing </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Basketball sleeve </Li> <Li> Finger sleeve </Li> <Li> Air Jordan </Li> <Li> Chuck Taylor All - Stars </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Miscellaneous </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 100 - point scorers </Li> <Li> 50 -- 40 -- 90 club </Li> <Li> AAU All - Americans </Li> <Li> AAU champions </Li> <Li> Mikan Drill </Li> <Li> Player tracking </Li> <Li> Shootaround </Li> <Li> Tip drill </Li> <Li> Winning streaks </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Backboard_shattering&oldid=837828544 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Basketball terminology </Li> <Li> 1946 introductions </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 April 2018 , at 08 : 38 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The last time an NBA backboard was broken was in

When was the last time an nba backboard broken?

-9199543565425734127

Carol Ann Susi - wikipedia <H1> Carol Ann Susi </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Carol Ann Susi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1952 - 02 - 02 ) February 2 , 1952 Brooklyn , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> November 11 , 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 11 ) ( aged 62 ) Los Angeles , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Cancer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1974 -- 2014 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Carol Ann Susi ( February 2 , 1952 -- November 11 , 2014 ) was an American actress . She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz , mother of Howard Wolowitz , on the television series The Big Bang Theory . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Career </Li> <Li> 2 Personal life </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Susi made her first screen appearance in Kolchak : The Night Stalker . Other television and film credits included : McMillan & Wife , Coyote Ugly , Just Go with It , The Big Bang Theory , Becker , Grey 's Anatomy , That ' 70s Show , Out of Practice , Cats & Dogs , Just Shoot Me , Married ... with Children , Night Court , The King of Queens , Death Becomes Her , Seinfeld , The Secret of My Success , My Blue Heaven , and Sabrina , The Teenage Witch . She also had extensive experience in live theatre and voiced a character on the video game installment of CSI : NY . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Carol Ann Susi was born in Brooklyn , of Italian descent . She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City before moving to Los Angeles in the 1970s . </P> <P> Susi died of cancer on November 11 , 2014 , in Los Angeles , California , at age 62 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hughes , Jason ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Carol Ann Susi , ' Big Bang Theory 's ' Mrs. Wolowitz , Dead at 62 '' . The Wrap . Retrieved November 12 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Big Bang Theory actress dies at 62 '' . The Globe and Mail . November 12 , 2014 . Retrieved November 13 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Morris , Joan ( March 14 , 2009 ) . `` Who 's the Voice of ' Big Bang ' Mother ? '' . Contra Costa Times . p. 2A . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Salem , Rob ( January 24 , 2009 ) . `` Nerd herd doing a bang - up job '' . Toronto Star . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Owen , Rob ( March 16 , 2012 ) . `` TV Q&A with Rob Owen '' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Robinson , Johnny ( September 27 , 1974 ) . `` Radio and TV plus Video Versions '' . Lewiston Evening Journal . p. 21 . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Drake , Sylvie ( September 16 , 1988 ) . `` ' Ladies ' Room ' Lives Up to Expectations of Racy Domain '' . Los Angeles Times . p . C6 . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Collins , Scott ( December 19 , 1995 ) . `` Ollstein 's ' Pot Roast ' Is Rich in Flavor '' . Los Angeles Times . p . F8 . Retrieved June 2 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Carol Ann Susi , ' Big Bang Theory 's Mrs. Wolowitz , Dead '' . Deadline . Retrieved November 12 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Swift , Andy ( November 11 , 2014 ) . `` Carol Ann Susi , Voice Behind Big Bang Theory 's Mrs. Wolowitz , Dead at 62 '' . TV Line . Retrieved November 11 , 2014 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Carol Ann Susi on IMDb </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 311656933 </Li> <Li> GND : 1061791513 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carol_Ann_Susi&oldid=816834414 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1952 births </Li> <Li> 2014 deaths </Li> <Li> 20th - century American actresses </Li> <Li> 21st - century American actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from Los Angeles </Li> <Li> Actresses from New York City </Li> <Li> Actresses of Italian descent </Li> <Li> American film actresses </Li> <Li> American people of Italian descent </Li> <Li> American television actresses </Li> <Li> American voice actresses </Li> <Li> Deaths from cancer in California </Li> <Li> Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin </Li> <Li> People from Brooklyn </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> تۆرکجه </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Bahasa Melayu </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 December 2017 , at 01 : 07 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The voice of Mrs. Wolowitz on The Big Bang Theory is provided by

Who does the voice of mrs. wolowitz on the big bang theory?

1599831257803176941

Matt Campbell ( American football coach ) - wikipedia <H1> Matt Campbell ( American football coach ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Matt Campbell <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Campbell at 2017 Big 12 Media Days </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sport ( s ) </Th> <Td> Football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Current position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Td> Head coach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Td> Iowa State </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Td> Big 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record </Th> <Td> 11 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Annual salary </Th> <Td> $3.5 Million ( 2018 - 2019 season ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Biographical details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1979 - 11 - 29 ) November 29 , 1979 ( age 38 ) Massillon , Ohio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Mount Union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playing career </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1998 </Th> <Td> Pittsburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1999 -- 2002 </Th> <Td> Mount Union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Position ( s ) </Th> <Td> Defensive Lineman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Coaching career ( HC unless noted ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2003 -- 2004 </Th> <Td> Bowling Green ( GA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2005 -- 2006 </Th> <Td> Mount Union ( OC / OL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2007 </Th> <Td> Bowling Green ( OL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2008 </Th> <Td> Bowling Green ( RGC / OL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2009 </Th> <Td> Toledo ( RGC / OL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2010 -- 2011 </Th> <Td> Toledo ( OC / OL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2011 </Th> <Td> Toledo ( interim HC ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2012 -- 2015 </Th> <Td> Toledo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2016 -- present </Th> <Td> Iowa State </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Head coaching record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Overall </Th> <Td> 46 -- 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bowls </Th> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Accomplishments and honors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2 MAC West Division ( 2014 , 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> MAC Coach of the Year ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Big 12 Coach of the Year ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <P> Matthew Allen Campbell ( born November 29 , 1979 ) is an American football coach who is the current head coach at Iowa State . He was head coach at Toledo from 2011 to 2015 . Prior to that , Campbell had been an assistant at Toledo , Bowling Green , and Mount Union . Campbell grew up in Ohio and briefly attended the University of Pittsburgh before transferring to Mount Union , where he played defensive line . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Playing career </Li> <Li> 2 Coaching career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Toledo </Li> <Li> 2.2 Iowa State </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Head coaching record </Li> <Li> 4 Coaching tree </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Playing career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Campbell was born in Massillon , Ohio . Rick , his father , coached football at Massillon Jackson High School . Matt played football at rival Massillon Perry , which won three conference championships while he was on the team . Campbell initially attended the University of Pittsburgh on a scholarship in 1998 , but transferred to the University of Mount Union after a year . At Mount Union Campbell played on the defensive line between 1999 -- 2002 . At Mount Union Campbell played for head coach Larry Kehres , whose teams won three Division III championships during Campbell 's career . Campbell himself was twice named to the College Football All - America Team and named Ohio Athletic Conference Defensive Lineman of the Year . </P> <H2> Coaching career ( edit ) </H2> <P> After college , Campbell stayed within Ohio and took a job as a graduate assistant at Bowling Green State University from 2003 -- 2004 . While at Bowling Green Scott Pioli , then the director of player personnel for the New England Patriots , offered Campbell an interview for a job at the team , but Campbell declined . Campbell returned to Mount Union for 2005 -- 2006 as offensive coordinator ; Mount Union won the Division III championship both years . Campbell then went back to Bowling Green for two years , first as offensive line coach ( 2007 ) and then as offensive line coach / run game coordinator ( 2008 ) . The University of Toledo hired him as the run game coordinator for the 2009 season . This move reunited him with head coach Tim Beckman , defensive coordinator at Bowling Green during Campbell 's first stint there . </P> <H3> Toledo ( edit ) </H3> <P> Toledo promoted Campbell to offensive coordinator in 2010 . Toledo made Campbell the permanent head coach at the end of 2011 when Beckman departed for the University of Illinois . He was 32 years old and the youngest head coach in the Football Bowl Subdivision . Two weeks into the job , Toledo defeated Air Force in the Military Bowl . Reportedly Campbell passed on a chance to serve on Urban Meyer 's staff at The Ohio State University . Campbell coached four full seasons at Toledo : 2012 -- 2015 , amassing a record of 35 -- 15 . The 2015 team peaked at No. 20 in the AP Poll , including a victory over Arkansas . </P> <H3> Iowa State ( edit ) </H3> Campbell at the 2016 Iowa State spring football game . <P> Iowa State University named Campbell its head coach on November 29 , 2015 , his 36th birthday , replacing the fired Paul Rhoads . Iowa State Cyclones head coach Matt Campbell signed a six - year , $22.5 million extension with the school on November 27th 2017 . On November 30th , 2017 , Campbell was named the Big 12 Coach of the Year . </P> <H2> Head coaching record ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Overall </Th> <Th> Conference </Th> <Th> Standing </Th> <Th> Bowl / playoffs </Th> <Th> Coaches </Th> <Th> AP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="9"> Toledo Rockets ( Mid-American Conference ) ( 2011 -- 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Toledo </Td> <Td> 1 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> W Military </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Toledo </Td> <Td> 9 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 2 </Td> <Td> T -- 2nd ( West ) </Td> <Td> L Famous Idaho Potato </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Toledo </Td> <Td> 7 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 3 </Td> <Td> T -- 3rd ( West ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Toledo </Td> <Td> 9 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 1 </Td> <Td> T -- 1st ( West ) </Td> <Td> W GoDaddy </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Toledo </Td> <Td> 9 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 2 </Td> <Td> T -- 1st ( West ) </Td> <Td> Boca Raton * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Toledo : </Td> <Td> 35 -- 15 </Td> <Td> 24 -- 8 </Td> <Td colspan="5"> * Departed Toledo for Iowa State before bowl game </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="9"> Iowa State Cyclones ( Big 12 Conference ) ( 2016 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Iowa State </Td> <Td> 3 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 9th </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Iowa State </Td> <Td> 8 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 4 </Td> <Td> T -- 4th </Td> <Td> W Liberty </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Iowa State : </Td> <Td> 11 -- 14 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 11 </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Total : </Td> <Td> 46 -- 29 </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="9"> National championship Conference title Conference division title or championship game berth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="9"> <Ul> <Li> Indicates Bowl Coalition , Bowl Alliance , BCS , or CFP / New Years ' Six bowl . </Li> <Li> Rankings from final Coaches Poll . </Li> <Li> Rankings from final AP Poll . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Coaching tree ( edit ) </H2> <P> Assistant coaches under Matt Campbell who became NCAA head coaches : </P> <Ul> <Li> Tom Matukewicz : Southeast Missouri State ( 2014 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Jason Candle : Toledo ( 2016 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <P> Scott Satterfield : Appalachian State </P> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Chatmon , Brandon ( November 29 , 2015 ) . `` Five things to know about new Iowa State coach Matt Campbell '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Russo , Ralph D. ( November 2 , 2015 ) . `` Toledo 's Campbell rockets up coaching ranks '' . Associated Press . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rittenberg , Adam ( October 27 , 2015 ) . `` Campbell finds ambition in building something special '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Matt Campbell leaves Toledo to take over program at Iowa State '' . The Plain Dealer . Associated Press . November 29 , 2015 . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ James , Bob ( November 29 , 2015 ) . `` Iowa State Hires New Football Coach '' . KHAK . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Donia , Joey ( November 29 , 2015 ) . `` Iowa State football names Matt Campbell Head Coach '' . KWQC - TV . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Silka , Zach ( December 11 , 2011 ) . `` Born to coach : Campbell comes from football family '' . The Blade . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Porter , Todd ( December 12 , 2011 ) . `` Toledo names Perry grad Matt Campbell head coach '' . The Repository . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Wolken , Dan ( October 20 , 2015 ) . `` For No. 20 Toledo and Matt Campbell , little things lead to big success '' . USA Today . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Zucker , Joseph . `` Matt Campbell , Iowa St. Agree to New 6 - Year , $22.5 M Contract After 7 - 5 Season '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Iowa State 's Matt Campbell named Big 12 Coach of the Year - The Gazette '' . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Biography portal </Li> <Li> College football portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Iowa State profile </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Toledo Rockets head football coaches </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> John Brandeberry ( 1917 ) </Li> <Li> James Baxter ( 1918 ) </Li> <Li> Walt Hobt ( 1919 -- 1920 ) </Li> <Li> Joseph Dwyer ( 1921 -- 1922 ) </Li> <Li> James Dwyer ( 1923 -- 1925 ) </Li> <Li> Boni Petcoff ( 1926 -- 1929 ) </Li> <Li> Jim Nicholson ( 1930 -- 1935 ) </Li> <Li> Clarence Spears ( 1936 -- 1942 ) </Li> <Li> No team ( 1943 -- 1945 ) </Li> <Li> Bill Orwig ( 1946 -- 1947 ) </Li> <Li> Skip Stahley ( 1948 -- 1949

Iowa State football coach came from

Where did iowa state football coach come from?

1425722238049429008

Only the Brave ( 2017 film ) - wikipedia <H1> Only the Brave ( 2017 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 2017 American film . For other uses , see Only the Brave . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Only the Brave </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Joseph Kosinski </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lorenzo di Bonaventura </Li> <Li> Thad Luckinbill </Li> <Li> Trent Luckinbill </Li> <Li> Michael Menchel </Li> <Li> Dawn Ostroff </Li> <Li> Molly Smith </Li> <Li> Jeremy Steckler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ken Nolan </Li> <Li> Eric Warren Singer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> GQ article No Exit by Sean Flynn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Josh Brolin </Li> <Li> Miles Teller </Li> <Li> Jeff Bridges </Li> <Li> James Badge Dale </Li> <Li> Taylor Kitsch </Li> <Li> Jennifer Connelly </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Joseph Trapanese </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Claudio Miranda </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Billy Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Black Label Media </Li> <Li> Di Bonaventura Pictures </Li> <Li> Condé Nast Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Columbia Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> October 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 08 ) ( Los Angeles ) </Li> <Li> October 20 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 20 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 133 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $38 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $23 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Only the Brave is a 2017 American biographical action drama film directed by Joseph Kosinski and written by Ken Nolan and Eric Warren Singer , based on the GQ article `` No Exit '' by Sean Flynn . The film tells the true story of the Granite Mountain Hotshots , an elite crew of firefighters who fought the Yarnell Hill Fire in June 2013 , and is dedicated in their memory . It features an ensemble cast , including Josh Brolin , Miles Teller , Jeff Bridges , Taylor Kitsch , James Badge Dale , Jennifer Connelly , Alex Russell , and Ben Hardy . </P> <P> Principal photography began in June 2016 in New Mexico . Only the Brave was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on October 20 , 2017 . It received positive reviews from critics , with praise aimed at the cast and the film 's touching tribute to its subjects . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Granite Mountain Hotshots </Li> <Li> 2.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> A drama based on the elite crew of firefighters battling the Yarnell Hill Fire , a wildfire in Yarnell , Arizona in June 2013 . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The Granite Mountain Hotshots ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Josh Brolin as Eric `` Supe '' Marsh , Amanda 's husband </Li> <Li> Miles Teller as Brendan `` Donut '' McDonough </Li> <Li> James Badge Dale as Jesse Steed </Li> <Li> Alex Russell as Andrew Ashcraft </Li> <Li> Scott Foxx as Travis Carter </Li> <Li> Dylan Kenin as Robert Caldwell </Li> <Li> Ryan Busch as Dustin DeFord </Li> <Li> Sam Quinn as Grant McKee </Li> <Li> Taylor Kitsch as Chris MacKenzie </Li> <Li> Kenny Miller as Sean Misner </Li> <Li> Thad Luckinbill as Scott Norris </Li> <Li> Ben Hardy as Wade Parker </Li> <Li> Nicholas Jenks as John Percin , Jr . </Li> <Li> Jake Picking as Anthony `` Baby - G '' Rose </Li> <Li> Matthew Van Wettering as Joe Thurston </Li> <Li> Geoff Stults as Travis Turbyfill </Li> <Li> Ryan Jason Cook as William Warneke </Li> <Li> Scott Haze as Clayton Whitted </Li> <Li> Michael McNulty as Kevin Woyjeck </Li> <Li> Brandon Bunch as Garret Zuppiger </Li> </Ul> <H3> Others ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jennifer Connelly as Amanda Marsh , Eric 's wife </Li> <Li> Jeff Bridges as Duane Steinbrink , Marvel 's husband </Li> <Li> Andie MacDowell as Marvel Steinbrink , Duane 's wife </Li> <Li> Natalie Hall as Natalie Johnson </Li> <Li> Rachel Singer as Mrs. McDonough , Brendan 's mother </Li> <Li> Brytnee Ratledge as Juliann Ashcraft </Li> <Li> Pell James as Claire Caldwell </Li> <Li> Jenny Gabrielle as Desiree Steed </Li> <Li> Barbie Robertson as Marsena Thurston </Li> <Li> Jade Kammerman as Stephanie Turbyfill </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On March 1 , 2016 , Josh Brolin and Miles Teller joined the cast of the film . Jeff Bridges and Taylor Kitsch also joined the cast . </P> <P> Principal photography on the film began on June 13 , 2016 , in New Mexico at different locations in and around Santa Fe and Los Alamos . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> Joseph Trapanese composed the film 's score . Dierks Bentley released a single called `` Hold The Light '' , featuring S. Carey . The single and the music video was released on October 6 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Only the Brave , originally titled Granite Mountain , was originally scheduled to be released on October 20 , 2017 , by Sony Pictures . Before that the film was set a release date for September 22 , 2017 , but a disagreement between Lionsgate and production company Black Label Media saw the distribution rights change to Sony . Lionsgate will retain international rights in select countries for the film . The trailer came out on July 19 , and the film was retitled Only the Brave . </P> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> As of December 17 , 2017 , Only the Brave has grossed $18 million in the United States and Canada , and $5 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $23 million , against a production budget of $38 million . </P> <P> In the United States and Canada , Only the Brave was released alongside Boo 2 ! A Madea Halloween , The Snowman and Geostorm , and was expected to gross around $7 million from 2,575 theaters in its opening weekend . It made $305,000 from Thursday night previews and $2.1 million on its first day . It ended up debuting to $6 million , finishing 5th at the box office . In its second week the film dropped 42.5 % to $3.4 million , finishing 7th . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 89 % based on 131 reviews , with an average rating of 7.1 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Only the Brave 's impressive veteran cast and affecting fact - based story add up to a no - frills drama that 's just as stolidly powerful as the real - life heroes it honors . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating to reviews , the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100 , based on 33 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> Bilge Ebiri of Village Voice wrote , `` Only the Brave is a visually splendid , spellbinding , and surreal movie that also happens to be an emotionally shattering , over-the - top ugly - cry for the ages . '' Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called the film `` an engaging account of a tragic real - life story . '' </P> <P> Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun - Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars , saying : `` The blending of practical effects and CGI is impressive , and we come to understand the risks these men are taking , but some of the techniques and approaches they take remain a mystery , up to and through the climactic fire . Not that we need a manual to understand these men were working - class , everyday heroes . '' Scott Menzel of We Live Entertainment , also praised the film , saying , `` Only the Brave is without question the best firefighter film since Backdraft and one that pays tribute to the brave men that sacrificed their own lives to protect thousands of others . '' </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Charliedavid Page ( 18 November 2017 ) . `` SWITCH . Film review : Only The Brave - True story of tragedy handled with respect and authenticity '' . SWITCH . Retrieved 18 November 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Film releases '' . Variety Insight . Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : McNary , Dave ( April 24 , 2017 ) . `` ' Sicario ' Sequel , ' Granite Mountain ' Move From Lionsgate to Sony '' . Variety . Retrieved April 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Only The Brave ( 2017 ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Only the Brave ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved December 23 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Giles , Jeff ( October 19 , 2017 ) . `` Only the Brave Is a Powerful Tribute '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved October 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( March 1 , 2016 ) . `` Josh Brolin and Miles Teller to Star in Firefighter Action Movie ' No Exit ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved May 21 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( May 20 , 2016 ) . `` Jeff Bridges , Taylor Kitsch Join Josh Brolin - Miles Teller Firefighter Film ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved May 21 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Higdon , Marissa ( June 10 , 2016 ) . `` '' Granite Mountain '' starring Josh Brolin tells the story of the Granite Mountain Hotshots - Albuquerque Business First `` . Albuquerque Business First . Retrieved June 12 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Goodykoontz , Bill ( June 9 , 2016 ) . `` ' Granite Mountain , ' movie version of fallen Yarnell firefighters ' story , to begin production '' . AZCentral . Retrieved June 12 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` '' Granite Mountain '' to Film in New Mexico `` . krwg.org . June 10 , 2016 . Retrieved June 12 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dierks Bentley ft . S. Carey Hold The Light ( From `` Only The Brave '' Soundtrack ) ( Official Video ) `` . Vevo . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pedersen , Erik ( June 7 , 2016 ) . `` Lionsgate Dates ' Granite Mountain ' , ' Wonder ' & ' How To Be A Latin Lover ' For 2017 '' . Deadline . Retrieved June 8 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Goldberg , Matt ( July 19 , 2017 ) . ``

The movie "Only the Brave" was filmed in

Where is the movie only the brave filmed?

-3050660247343080399

Touchdown - wikipedia <H1> Touchdown </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Touchdown ( disambiguation ) . A player from Texas High School crosses the goal - line with the ball during a game against Highland Park High School to score a rushing touchdown worth six points . Vince Young of the Texas Longhorns ( ball carrier in top center ) rushing for a touchdown . A portion of the end zone is seen as the dark strip at the bottom . The vertical yellow bar is part of the goal post . <P> A touchdown is a means of scoring in both American and Canadian football . Whether running , passing , returning a kickoff or punt , or recovering a turnover , a team scores a touchdown by advancing the ball into the opponent 's end zone . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> <P> To score a touchdown , one team must take the football into the opposite end zone . The touchdown is scored the instant the ball crosses the plane of the goal line ( that is , if any part of the ball is in the space on , above , or across the goal line ) while in possession of a player whose team is trying to score in that end zone . The play is dead and the touchdown scores the moment the ball crosses the goal line in possession of a player , or the moment the ball comes into possession of an offensive player in the end zone ( having established possession by controlling the ball and having both feet or another part of the body , excluding the hands , touch the ground ) . The slightest part of the ball being over the goal line is sufficient for a touchdown to score . However , only the ball counts , not a player 's helmet , foot , or any other part of the body . Touching one of the pylons at either end of the goal line with the ball constitutes `` breaking the plane '' as well . </P> <P> Touchdowns are usually scored by the offense by running or passing the ball . However , the defense can also score a touchdown if they have recovered a fumble or made an interception and return it to the opposing end zone . Special teams can score a touchdown on a kickoff or punt return , or on a return after a missed or blocked field goal attempt or blocked punt . In short , any play in which a player legally carries the ball across the goal line scores a touchdown , and the manner in which he gained possession is inconsequential . In the NFL , a touchdown may be awarded by the referee as a penalty for a `` palpably unfair act , '' such as a player coming off the bench during a play and tackling the runner , who would otherwise have scored . </P> A touchdown celebration <P> A touchdown is worth six points . The scoring team is also awarded the opportunity for an extra point or a two - point conversion . Afterwards , the team that scored the touchdown kicks off to the opposing team , if there is any time left . </P> <P> Unlike a try scored in rugby , and contrary to the event 's name , the ball does not need to touch the ground when the player and the ball are inside the end zone , although in gridiron 's early days the ball was required to be touched to the ground as in rugby , as rugby and gridiron were extremely similar sports at this point . This rule was changed to the modern - day iteration in 1889 . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> When the first uniform rules for American football were enacted by the newly formed Intercollegiate Football Association following the 1876 Rugby season , a touchdown counted for ​ ⁄ of a kicked goal ( except in the case of a tie ) and allowed the offense the chance to kick for goal by placekick or dropkick from a spot along a line perpendicular to the goal line and passing through the point where the ball was touched down , or through a process known as a `` punt - out '' , where the attacking team would kick the ball from the point where it was touched down to a teammate . If the teammate could fair catch the ball , he could follow with a try for goal from the spot of the catch , or resume play as normal ( in an attempt to touch down the ball in a spot more advantageous for kicking ) . The governing rule at the time read : `` A match shall be decided by a majority of touchdowns . A goal shall be equal to four touchdowns ; but in case of a tie a goal kicked from a touchdown shall take precedence over four touchdowns . '' </P> <Ul> <Li> In 1881 , the rules were modified so that a goal kicked from a touchdown took precedence over a goal kicked from the field in breaking ties . </Li> <Li> In 1882 , four touchdowns were determined to take precedence over a goal kicked from the field . Two safeties were equivalent to a touchdown . </Li> <Li> In 1883 , points were introduced to football , and a touchdown counted as four points . A goal after a touchdown also counted as four points . </Li> <Li> In 1889 , the provision requiring the ball to actually be touched to the ground was removed . A touchdown was now scored by possessing the ball beyond the goal line . </Li> <Li> In 1897 , the touchdown scored five points , and the goal after touchdown added another point . </Li> <Li> In 1900 , the definition of touchdown was changed to include situations where the ball becomes dead on or above the goal line . </Li> <Li> In 1912 , the value of a touchdown was increased to six points . The end zone was also added . Before the addition of the end zone , forward passes caught beyond the goal line resulted in a loss of possession and a touchback . ( The increase from five points to six did not come until much later in Canada , and the touchdown remained only five points there until 1956 . ) </Li> </Ul> <P> The ability to score a touchdown on the point - after attempt ( two - point conversion ) was added to NCAA football in 1958 , high school football in 1969 , the CFL in 1975 and the NFL in 1994 . The short - lived World Football League , a professional American football league that operated in 1974 and 1975 , gave touchdowns a 7 - point value . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> American football scoring </Li> <Li> Conversion ( gridiron football ) </Li> <Li> Touchdown celebration </Li> <Li> Touchdown Jesus </Li> <Li> Touchdown pass </Li> <Li> Conversion </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Touchdowns . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` NFL Rules Digest : Summary of Penalties '' . Nfl.com . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2006 NCAA Football Rules and Interpretations '' ( PDF ) . National Collegiate Athletics Association . 2006 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2008 - 06 - 24 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Nelson , David M. ( 1994 ) . The Anatomy of A Game . Newark , NJ : University of Delaware Press . ISBN 0 - 87413 - 455 - 2 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` NFL History 1991 - 2000 '' . NFL.com . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Gridiron football concepts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Codes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> American <Ul> <Li> Glossary </Li> <Li> History <Ul> <Li> Early </Li> <Li> Modern </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Rules </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Canadian <Ul> <Li> American -- Canadian comparison </Li> <Li> Burnside rules </Li> <Li> Glossary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Arena </Li> <Li> Indoor </Li> <Li> 9 - man </Li> <Li> 8 - man </Li> <Li> 6 - man </Li> <Li> Flag </Li> <Li> Touch </Li> <Li> Street / Backyard </Li> <Li> Powderpuff </Li> <Li> Wheelchair </Li> <Li> Rules of gridiron football codes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Levels of play </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Youth / midget <Ul> <Li> Pop Warner </Li> <Li> AYF </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> High school <Ul> <Li> Varsity </Li> <Li> Junior varsity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> College <Ul> <Li> Club </Li> <Li> Sprint </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Semi-pro </Li> <Li> Professional <Ul> <Li> Practice squad </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Women 's </Li> <Li> International </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Field </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Lines </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Yard lines <Ul> <Li> Hash marks </Li> <Li> Goal line </Li> <Li> Sidelines </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Line of scrimmage </Li> <Li> Field goal range </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spaces </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> End zone </Li> <Li> Red zone </Li> <Li> Neutral zone </Li> <Li> Coffin corner </Li> <Li> Flat </Li> <Li> Gap </Li> <Li> Hole </Li> <Li> Pocket </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scoring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Touchdown </Li> <Li> One - point conversion </Li> <Li> Two - point conversion </Li> <Li> Field goal </Li> <Li> Safety </Li> <Li> Single ( rouge ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Turnovers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fumble </Li> <Li> Interception </Li> <Li> Muffed punt </Li> <Li> Turnover on downs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Downs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> First down </Li> <Li> Three - and - out </Li> <Li> Fourth down conversion </Li> <Li> Dead ball </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Play clock </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Timeout </Li> <Li> Kneel </Li> <Li> Spike </Li> <Li> Time warnings <Ul> <Li> 3 min . </Li> <Li> 2 min . </Li> <Li> 1 min . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Clock management </Li> <Li> Running out the clock </Li> <Li> Untimed play </Li> <Li> Garbage time </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Statistics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carry </Li> <Li> Completion </Li> <Li> Rushing yards </Li> <Li> Passing yards </Li> <Li> Passer rating </Li> <Li> Total quarterback rating </Li> <Li> Reception </Li> <Li> Receiving yards </Li> <Li> Pass deflected </Li> <Li> Sack </Li> <Li> Return yards </Li> <Li> Total offense </Li> <Li> Yards after catch </Li> <Li> Yards from scrimmage </Li> <Li> All - purpose yardage </Li> <Li> Touchdown pass </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Practice </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Two - a-days </Li> <Li> Oklahoma drill </Li> <Li> Three - cone drill </Li> <Li> Film session </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Officiating </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Official ( American , Canadian ) </Li> <Li> Chain crew </Li> <Li> Penalty </Li> <Li> Penalty flag </Li> <Li> Instant replay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Miscellaneous </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ball </Li> <Li> Coaching tree </Li> <Li> Concussions </Li> <Li> Equipment </Li> <Li> 12th man </Li> <Li> Letterman </Li> <Li> Overtime </Li> <Li> Running up the score </Li> <Li> Touchdown celebration </Li> <Li> Gatorade shower </Li> <Li> Tuck rule </Li> <Li> Uniform number </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Touchdown&oldid=818260369 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> American football terminology </Li> <Li> Canadian football terminology </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3>

In American football, a touchdown is worth

How many points are scored for a touchdown in american football?

-7659254827923561511

Latin Mass - wikipedia <H1> Latin Mass </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Mass celebrated in Latin in a chapel of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross , Boston . It 's a new rite because use the red liturgical colour by Palm Sunday . <P> The term Latin Mass refers to the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Mass celebrated in Latin . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Tridentine Mass in Latin </Li> <Li> 2 Present Roman - Rite Mass in Latin </Li> <Li> 3 Other forms of Mass in Latin </Li> <Li> 4 Other uses </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Tridentine Mass in Latin ( edit ) </H2> <P> The term `` Latin Mass '' is frequently used to denote the Tridentine Mass , that is , the Roman - Rite liturgy of the Mass celebrated in Latin and in accordance with the successive editions of the Roman Missal published between 1570 and 1962 . </P> <P> In most countries , the Tridentine Mass was celebrated only in Latin . However , there are exceptions . In early seventeenth - century China , Jesuit missionaries secured permission from Pope Paul V to celebrate the Catholic Mass in Chinese , as part and parcel of the Jesuits ' general effort to adapt their work to the local Chinese cultural norms and conditions . In Dalmatia and parts of Istria , the liturgy was celebrated in Church Slavonic , and authorization for use of this language was extended to some other Slavic regions between 1886 and 1935 . There , `` Tridentine Mass '' was not synonymous with `` Latin Mass '' . </P> <P> A further distancing between the concepts of `` Tridentine Mass '' and `` Latin Mass '' was brought about by the 1964 Instruction on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council , which laid down that `` normally the epistle and gospel from the Mass of the day shall be read in the vernacular '' . Episcopal conferences were to decide , with the consent of the Holy See , what other parts , if any , of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular . Permissions were thus granted from 1967 onwards to celebrate most of the Tridentine Mass in vernacular languages , including the Canon . </P> <H2> Present Roman - Rite Mass in Latin ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neither the Second Vatican Council nor the subsequent revision of the Roman Missal abolished Latin as the liturgical language of the Roman Rite : the official text of the Roman Missal , on which translations into vernacular languages are to be based , continues to be in Latin , and Latin can still be used in the celebration . The term `` Latin Mass '' is sometimes applied to such celebrations , which in some places are part of the normal Sunday schedule . </P> <H2> Other forms of Mass in Latin ( edit ) </H2> <P> Historically speaking , `` Latin Mass '' can be applied also to the various forms of Pre-Tridentine Mass from about the year 190 of Pope Victor , when the Church in Rome changed from Greek to Latin . </P> <P> Latin liturgical rites other than the Roman Rite have used Latin , and in some cases continue to do so . These include the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite . Some priests and communities continue to use non-Roman - Rite liturgies that have been generally abandoned , such as the Carmelite Rite and the Dominican Rite , celebrating them in Latin . Celebration in Latin of such rites is sometimes referred to as `` Latin Mass '' . </P> <H2> Other uses ( edit ) </H2> <P> A Traditionalist Catholic periodical in the United States is entitled The Latin Mass , the Journal of Catholic Culture and Tradition . </P> <P> Various editions of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer have been translated into Latin : for example , for use in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge ( Liber Precum Publicarum of Walther Haddon , 1560 ) . The Church of the Advent of Christ the King , an Anglo - Catholic parish in San Francisco , regularly celebrates Mass according to the 1979 Prayer Book of its province , the Episcopal Church , in Latin . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hsia , Ronnie Po - Chia ( 1998 ) . The World of Catholic Renewal , 1540 - 1770 . New York : Cambridge University Press . pp. 210 -- 211 . ISBN 0521445965 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Krmpotic , M.D. ( 1908 ) . `` Dalmatia '' . Catholic encyclopedia . Retrieved 19 June 2014 . The right to use the Glagolitic ( sic ) language at Mass with the Roman Rite has prevailed for many centuries in all the south - western Balkan countries , and has been sanctioned by long practice and by many popes . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Japundžić , Marko ( 1997 ) . `` The Croatian Glagolitic Heritage '' . Croatian Academy of America . Retrieved June 19 , 2014 . In 1886 it arrived to the Principality of Montenegro , followed by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1914 , and the Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1920 , but only for feast days of the main patron saints . The 1935 concordat with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia anticipated the introduction of the Slavic liturgy for all Croatian regions and throughout the entire state . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Inter Oecumenici , Sacred Congregation of Rites '' . 2007 . Retrieved 2008 - 03 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Redemptionis sacramentum , Rome , IT : The Vatican , 112 , Except in the case of celebrations of the Mass that are scheduled by the ecclesiastical authorities to take place in the language of the people , Priests are always and everywhere permitted to celebrate Mass in Latin . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Spencer , The Rev. Sidney ( 2013 - 03 - 05 ) , `` Christianity '' , Britannica ( encyclopaedia ) ( online ed . ) , retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 , ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Messa latina : la santa Messa in latino secondo il rito Ambrosiano Antico ( Latin Mass : Holy Mass in Latin in accordance with the Ancient Ambrosian Rite ) ( in Italian ) , Milan , IT : Parish of Santa Maria di Caravaggio . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin_Mass&oldid=831755156 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Traditionalist Catholicism </Li> <Li> Catholic liturgical rites </Li> <Li> Tridentine Mass </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Pages containing links to subscription - only content </Li> <Li> CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Gàidhlig </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 22 March 2018 , at 01 : 59 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

They stopped saying Mass in Latin in

When did they stop saying mass in latin?

-2226525965842375672

Solar eclipse of August 21 , 2017 - Wikipedia <H1> Solar eclipse of August 21 , 2017 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Solar eclipse of August 21 , 2017 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Totality as seen from Simpsonville , South Carolina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Map </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Type of eclipse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nature </Th> <Td> Total </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gamma </Th> <Td> 0.4367 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Magnitude </Th> <Td> 1.0306 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Maximum eclipse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> 160 sec ( 2 m 40 s ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 37 ° 00 ′ N 87 ° 42 ′ W  /  37 ° N 87.7 ° W  / 37 ; - 87.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Max . width of band </Th> <Td> 115 km ( 71 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Times ( UTC ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( P1 ) Partial begin </Th> <Td> 15 : 46 : 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( U1 ) Total begin </Th> <Td> 16 : 48 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greatest eclipse </Th> <Td> 18 : 26 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( U4 ) Total end </Th> <Td> 20 : 01 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( P4 ) Partial end </Th> <Td> 21 : 04 : 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> References </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Saros </Th> <Td> 145 ( 22 of 77 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Catalog # ( SE5000 ) </Th> <Td> 9546 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The solar eclipse of August 21 , 2017 , dubbed `` The Great American Eclipse '' by the media , was a total eclipse visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States , passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts . As a partial solar eclipse , it was visible on land from Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America . In northwestern Europe and Africa , it was partially visible in the late evening . In Asia it was visible only at the eastern extremity , the Chukchi Peninsula . </P> Play media Video of the eclipse second contact in Simpsonville , South Carolina . Crowd reaction is heard on audio . <P> Prior to this event , no solar eclipse had been visible across the entire contiguous United States since June 8 , 1918 ; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the mainland United States . The path of totality touched 14 states , and the rest of the U.S. had a partial eclipse . The area of the path of totality was about 16 percent of the area of the United States , with most of this area over the ocean , not land . The event 's shadow began to cover land on the Oregon coast as a partial eclipse at 4 : 05 p.m. UTC ( 9 : 05 a.m. PDT ) , with the total eclipse beginning there at 5 : 16 p.m. UTC ( 10 : 16 a.m. PDT ) ; the total eclipse 's land coverage ended along the South Carolina coast at about 6 : 44 p.m. UTC ( 2 : 44 p.m. EDT ) . Visibility as a partial eclipse in Honolulu , Hawaii began with sunrise at 4 : 20 p.m. UTC ( 6 : 20 a.m. HST ) and ended by 5 : 25 p.m. UTC ( 7 : 25 a.m. HST ) . </P> <P> This total solar eclipse marked the first such event in the smartphone and social media era in America . Information , personal communication , and photography were widely available as never before , capturing popular attention and enhancing the social experience . </P> <P> Logistical problems were expected with the influx of visitors , especially for smaller communities . The sale of counterfeit eclipse glasses was also anticipated to be a hazard for eye injuries . </P> <P> Future total solar eclipses will cross the United States in April 2024 ( 12 states ) and August 2045 ( 10 states ) , and annular solar eclipses -- wherein the Moon appears smaller than the Sun -- will occur in October 2023 ( 9 states ) and June 2048 ( 9 states ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Visibility </Li> <Li> 2 Other celestial bodies </Li> <Li> 3 Other eclipses over the United States </Li> <Li> 4 Total eclipse viewing events <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Oregon </Li> <Li> 4.2 Idaho </Li> <Li> 4.3 Wyoming </Li> <Li> 4.4 Nebraska </Li> <Li> 4.5 Kansas </Li> <Li> 4.6 Missouri </Li> <Li> 4.7 Illinois </Li> <Li> 4.8 Kentucky </Li> <Li> 4.9 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 4.10 North Carolina </Li> <Li> 4.11 Georgia </Li> <Li> 4.12 South Carolina </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Viewing from outside the United States <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.2 Mexico , Central America , Caribbean islands , South America </Li> <Li> 5.3 Russia </Li> <Li> 5.4 Europe </Li> <Li> 5.5 West Africa </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Media and scientific coverage </Li> <Li> 7 Counterfeit eclipse glasses </Li> <Li> 8 Eye damage </Li> <Li> 9 Planning </Li> <Li> 10 Post-eclipse traffic problems </Li> <Li> 11 Impact on solar power </Li> <Li> 12 Commemorative stamp </Li> <Li> 13 Videos </Li> <Li> 14 Gallery <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Totality </Li> <Li> 14.2 Transition </Li> <Li> 14.3 Partial </Li> <Li> 14.4 Images produced by natural pinholes </Li> <Li> 14.5 Views outside of the US </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 15 Related eclipses <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Solar eclipses 2015 -- 2018 </Li> <Li> 15.2 Saros series 145 </Li> <Li> 15.3 Metonic series </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 See also </Li> <Li> 17 References </Li> <Li> 18 Further reading </Li> <Li> 19 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Visibility ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Play media Time - lapse footage of Falls Park on the Reedy in Greenville , South Carolina during the eclipse </Td> <Td> Play media Video of shadow bands on the ground as seen in Simpsonville , South Carolina . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The total eclipse had a magnitude of 1.0306 and was visible within a narrow corridor 70 miles ( 110 km ) wide , crossing fourteen of the contiguous United States : Oregon , Idaho , Montana , Wyoming , Nebraska , Kansas , Iowa , Missouri , Illinois , Kentucky , Tennessee , Georgia , North Carolina , and South Carolina . It was first seen from land in the U.S. shortly after 10 : 15 a.m. PDT ( 17 : 15 UTC ) at Oregon 's Pacific coast , and then it progressed eastward through Salem , Oregon ; Idaho Falls , Idaho ; Casper , Wyoming ; Lincoln , Nebraska ; Kansas City , Missouri ; St. Louis , Missouri ; Hopkinsville , Kentucky ; Nashville , Tennessee ; Columbia , South Carolina about 2 : 41 p.m. ; and finally Charleston , South Carolina . A partial eclipse was seen for a greater time period , beginning shortly after 9 : 00 a.m. PDT along the Pacific Coast of Oregon . Weather forecasts predicted clear skies in Western U.S. and some Eastern states , but clouds in the Midwest and East Coast . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Animation of the eclipse shadow . The dot in the center represents the path of totality . </Td> <Td> View of the lunar shadow tracking across Earth from the Deep Space Climate Observatory ( DSCOVR ) satellite </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The longest ground duration of totality was 2 minutes 41.6 seconds at about 37 ° 35 ′ 0 '' N 89 ° 7 ′ 0 '' W  /  37.58333 ° N 89.11667 ° W  / 37.58333 ; - 89.11667 in Giant City State Park , just south of Carbondale , Illinois , and the greatest extent ( width ) was at 36 ° 58 ′ 0 '' N 87 ° 40 ′ 18 '' W  /  36.96667 ° N 87.67167 ° W  / 36.96667 ; - 87.67167 near the village of Cerulean , Kentucky , located in between Hopkinsville and Princeton . This was the first total solar eclipse visible from the Southeastern United States since the solar eclipse of March 7 , 1970 . Two NASA WB - 57F flew above the clouds , prolonging the observation time spent in the umbra . A partial solar eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon 's penumbra , including all of North America , particularly areas just south of the totality pass , where the eclipse lasted about 3 -- 5 hours , northern South America , Western Europe , and some of Africa and north - east Asia . </P> <H2> Other celestial bodies ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> During totality stars and 4 planets were visible , including Regulus close to the Sun . Mars was 8 degrees to the right , and Venus 34 degrees right . Mercury was 10 degrees left , and Jupiter 51 degrees left . </Td> <Td> Solar eclipse and star - system Regulus ( upper left ) viewed from Cullowhee , NC . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> During the eclipse for a long span of its path of totality , several bright stars and four planets were visible . The star - system Regulus was visible slightly to the west of the Sun . Mars was 8 degrees to the right , and Venus 34 degrees right . Mercury was 10 degrees left , and Jupiter 51 degrees left . </P> <H2> Other eclipses over the United States ( edit ) </H2> <P> This was the first total solar eclipse visible from the United States since that of July 11 , 1991 -- which was seen only from part of Hawaii -- and the first visible from the contiguous United States since 1979 . An eclipse of comparable length ( up to 3 minutes , 8 seconds , with the longest eclipse being 6 minutes and 54 seconds ) occurred over the contiguous United States on March 7 , 1970 along the southern portions of the Eastern Seaboard , from Florida to Virginia . </P> <P> The path of totality of the solar eclipse of February 26 , 1979 crossed only the states of Washington , Oregon , Idaho , Montana , and North Dakota . Many enthusiasts traveled to the Pacific Northwest to view the eclipse , since it would be the last chance to view such an eclipse in the contiguous United States for almost four decades . </P> <P> Some American scientists and interested amateurs who wanted to experience a total eclipse participated in a four - day Atlantic Ocean cruise to view the solar eclipse of July 10 , 1972 as it passed near Nova Scotia . ( This is referenced in the Carly Simon hit song `` You 're So Vain '' in the lyric , `` Then you flew your Lear Jet up to Nova Scotia to see the total eclipse of the Sun . '' ) Organizers of the cruise advertised in astronomical journals and in planetarium announcements , emphasizing the rarity of the event . </P> The path of totality across the United States <P> The August 2017 eclipse was the first with a path of totality crossing the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the U.S. since 1918 . Also , its path of totality made landfall exclusively within the United States , making it the first such eclipse since the country 's declaration of independence in 1776 . Prior to this , the path of totality of the eclipse of June 13 , 1257 , was the last to make landfall exclusively on lands currently part of the United States . </P> <P> The path of the 2017 eclipse crosses with the path of the upcoming total solar eclipse of April 8 , 2024 , with the intersection of the two paths being in southern Illinois in Makanda Township at Cedar Lake , just

The eclipse in the US is expected to end at

When does the eclipse end in the us?

-2377663015342154704

Đông Du ( `` Go East '' ) Movement started in 1905 by Phan Bội Châu . Châu 's plan was to send Vietnamese students to Japan to learn modern skills , so that in the future they could lead a successful armed revolt against the French . With Prince Cường Để , he started two organizations in Japan : Duy Tân Hội and Việt Nam Công Hiến Hội . Due to French diplomatic pressure , Japan later deported Châu . Phan Châu Trinh , who favored a peaceful , non-violent struggle to gain independence , led a second movement , Duy Tân ( Modernization ) , which stressed education for the masses , modernizing the country , fostering understanding and tolerance between the French and the Vietnamese , and peaceful transitions of power . The early part of the 20th century saw the growing in status of the Romanized Quốc Ngữ alphabet for the Vietnamese language . Vietnamese patriots realized the potential of Quốc Ngữ as a useful tool to quickly reduce illiteracy and to educate the masses . The traditional Chinese scripts or the Nôm script were seen as too cumbersome and too difficult to learn . The use of prose in literature also became popular with the appearance of many novels ; most famous were those from the Tự Lực Văn Đoàn literary circle . </P> <P> As the French suppressed both movements , and after witnessing revolutionaries in action in China and Russia , Vietnamese revolutionaries began to turn to more radical paths . Phan Bội Châu created the Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội in Guangzhou , planning armed resistance against the French . In 1925 , French agents captured him in Shanghai and spirited him to Vietnam . Due to his popularity , Châu was spared from execution and placed under house arrest until his death in 1940 . In 1927 , the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng ( Vietnamese Nationalist Party ) , modeled after the Kuomintang in China , was founded , and the party launched the armed Yên Bái mutiny in 1930 in Tonkin which resulted in its chairman , Nguyễn Thái Học and many other leaders captured and executed by the guillotine . </P> <P> Marxism was also introduced into Vietnam with the emergence of three separate Communist parties ; the Indochinese Communist Party , Annamese Communist Party and the Indochinese Communist Union , joined later by a Trotskyist movement led by Tạ Thu Thâu . In 1930 , the Communist International ( Comintern ) sent Nguyễn Ái Quốc to Hong Kong to coordinate the unification of the parties into the Vietnamese Communist Party ( CPV ) with Trần Phú as the first Secretary General . Later the party changed its name to the Indochinese Communist Party as the Comintern , under Stalin , did not favor nationalistic sentiments . Being a leftist revolutionary living in France since 1911 , Nguyễn Ái Quốc participated in founding the French Communist Party and in 1924 traveled to the Soviet Union to join the Comintern . Through the late 1920s , he acted as a Comintern agent to help build Communist movements in Southeast Asia . During the 1930s , the CPV was nearly wiped out under French suppression with the execution of top leaders such as Phú , Lê Hồng Phong , and Nguyễn Văn Cừ . </P> <P> During World War II , Japan invaded Indochina in 1940 , keeping the Vichy French colonial administration in place as a puppet . In 1941 Nguyễn Ái Quốc , now known as Hồ Chí Minh , arrived in northern Vietnam to form the Việt Minh Front , and it was supposed to be an umbrella group for all parties fighting for Vietnam 's independence , but was dominated by the Communist Party . The Việt Minh had a modest armed force and during the war worked with the American Office of Strategic Services to collect intelligence on the Japanese . A famine broke out in 1944 -- 45 . Japan 's defeat by World War II Allies created a power vacuum for Vietnamese nationalists of all parties to seize power in August 1945 , forcing Emperor Bảo Đại to abdicate and ending the Nguyễn dynasty . Their initial success in staging uprisings and in seizing control of most of the country by September 1945 was partially undone , however , by the return of the French a few months later . </P> <H2> Republican period ( from 1945 ) ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : National Assembly ( Vietnam ) , History of Vietnam since 1945 , and 1940 - 1946 in the Vietnam War <H3> Communist north & capitalist South ( 1945 -- 76 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Democratic Republic of Vietnam , State of Vietnam , Republic of Vietnam , War in Vietnam ( 1945 -- 1946 ) , First Indochina War , and Vietnam War Vietcong prisoners await being carried by helicopter to rear area after Operation Starlite . August 18 -- 24 , 1965 <P> In September 1945 , Hồ Chí Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( DRV ) and held the position of chairman ( Chủ Tịch ) . Communist rule was cut short , however , by nationalist Chinese and British occupation forces whose presence tended to support the Communist Party 's political opponents . In 1946 , Vietnam had its first National Assembly election ( won by the Viet Minh in central and northern Vietnam ) , which drafted the first constitution , but the situation was still precarious : the French tried to regain power by force ; some Cochinchinese politicians formed a seceding government the Republic of Cochinchina ( Cộng hòa Nam Kỳ ) while the non-Communist and Communist forces were engaging each other in sporadic battle . Stalinists purged Trotskyists . Religious sects and resistance groups formed their own militias . The Communists eventually suppressed all non-Communist parties but failed to secure a peace deal with France . </P> <P> Full - scale war broke out between the Việt Minh and France in late 1946 and the First Indochina War officially began . Realizing that colonialism was coming to an end worldwide , France decided to bring former emperor Bảo Đại back to power , as a political alternative to Ho Chi Minh . A Provisional Central Government was formed in 1948 , reuniting Annam and Tonkin , but the complete reunification of Vietnam was delayed for a year because of the problems posed by Cochinchina 's legal status . In July 1949 , the State of Vietnam was officially proclaimed , as a semi-independent country within the French Union , with Bảo Đại as Head of State . France was finally persuaded to relinquish its colonies in Indochina in 1954 when Viet Minh forces defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu . The 1954 Geneva Conference left Vietnam a divided nation , with Hồ Chí Minh 's communist DRV government ruling the North from Hanoi and Ngô Đình Diệm 's Republic of Vietnam , supported by the United States , ruling the South from Saigon . Between 1953 and 1956 , the North Vietnamese government instituted various agrarian reforms , including `` rent reduction '' and `` land reform '' , which resulted in significant political oppression . During the land reform , testimony from North Vietnamese witnesses suggested a ratio of one execution for every 160 village residents , which extrapolated nationwide would indicate nearly 100,000 executions . Because the campaign was concentrated mainly in the Red River Delta area , a lower estimate of 50,000 executions became widely accepted by scholars at the time . However , declassified documents from the Vietnamese and Hungarian archives indicate that the number of executions was much lower than reported at the time , although likely greater than 13,500 . In the South , Diem went about crushing political and religious opposition , imprisoning or killing tens of thousands . </P> <P> Along with the split between northern and southern Vietnam in geographical territory came the divergence in their distinctive choices for institutional political structure . Northern Vietnam ( Dai Viet ) opted for a centralized bureaucratic regime while the southern is based on a patron - client mechanism heavily relied on personalized rule . During this period , due to this structural difference , the north and south revealed different patterns in their economic activities , the long - term effect of which still persist up to today . Citizens that have previously lived in the bureaucratic state are more likely to have higher household consumption and get more engaged in civic activities ; and the state itself tends to have stronger fiscal capacity for taxation inherited from the previous institution . </P> <P> As a result of the Vietnam ( Second Indochina ) War ( 1954 -- 75 ) , Viet Cong and regular People 's Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) forces of the DRV unified the country under communist rule . In this conflict , the North and the Viet Cong -- with logistical support from the Soviet Union -- defeated the Army of the Republic of Vietnam , which sought to maintain South Vietnamese independence with the support of the U.S. military , whose troop strength peaked at 540,000 during the communist - led Tet Offensive in 1968 . The North did not abide by the terms of the 1973 Paris Agreement , which officially settled the war by calling for free elections in the South and peaceful reunification . Two years after the withdrawal of the last U.S. forces in 1973 , Saigon , the capital of South Vietnam , fell to the communists , and the South Vietnamese army surrendered in 1975 . In 1976 , the government of united Vietnam renamed Saigon as Hồ Chí Minh City in honor of Hồ , who died in 1969 . The war left Vietnam devastated , with the total death toll standing at between 966,000 and 3.8 million , and many thousands more crippled by weapons and substances such as napalm and Agent Orange . The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange , and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it ; these figures include the children of people who were exposed . The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or have health problems due to contaminated Agent Orange . The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable . </P> <H3> Socialist Republic after 1976 ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Vietnam , Communist Party of Vietnam , History of the Communist Party of Vietnam , and Politics of Vietnam <P> In the post-1975 period , it was immediately apparent that the effectiveness of Communist Party ( CPV ) policies did not necessarily extend to the party 's peacetime nation - building plans . Having unified North and South politically , the CPV still had to integrate them socially and economically . In this task , CPV policy makers were confronted with the South 's resistance to communist transformation , as well as traditional animosities arising from cultural and historical differences between North and South . In the aftermath of the war , under Lê Duẩn 's administration , there were no mass executions of South Vietnamese who had collaborated with the U.S. or the Saigon government , confounding Western fears . However , up to 300,000 South Vietnamese were sent to reeducation camps , where many endured torture , starvation , and disease while being forced to perform hard labor . The New Economic Zones program was implemented by the Vietnamese communist government after the Fall of Saigon . Between 1975 and 1980 , more than 1 million northerners migrated to the south and central regions formerly under the Republic of Vietnam . This program , in turn , displaced around 750,000 to over 1 million Southerners from their homes and forcibly relocated them to uninhabited mountainous forested areas . </P> <P> Compounding economic difficulties were new military challenges . In the late 1970s , Cambodia

The first imperial power to fight in Vietnam was

Who was the first imperial power that was fighting in vietnam?

-5156175277578141617

Table setting - wikipedia <H1> Table setting </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Table setting ( laying a table ) or place setting refers to the way to set a table with tableware -- such as eating utensils and for serving and eating . The arrangement for a single diner is called a place setting . The practice of dictating the precise arrangement of tableware has varied across cultures and historical periods . </P> A table setting may have many elements , especially on formal occasions ; the long utensil is a lobster pick . <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Place setting <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Informal </Li> <Li> 1.2 Formal <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Formal dinner </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Gallery </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Place setting ( edit ) </H2> <P> Informal settings generally have fewer utensils and dishes but use a layout based on more formal settings . Utensils are arranged in the order and according to the manner in which the diner will use them . In the West , forks , plate , butter knife , and napkin generally are placed to the left of the dinner plate , and knives , spoons , stemware and tumblers , cups , and saucers to the right . ( By contrast , formal settings in Armenia place the fork to the right of the dinner plate and informal settings in Turkey place the fork to the right of the dinner plate if not accompanied by a knife ) Sauceboats and serving dishes , when used , either are placed on the table or , more formally , may be kept on a side table . </P> <H3> Informal ( edit ) </H3> Informal setting with pancakes in a California mountain cabin . <P> At an informal setting , fewer utensils are used and serving dishes are placed on the table . Sometimes the cup and saucer are placed on the right side of the spoon , about 30cm or 12 inches from the edge of the table . Often , in less formal settings , the napkin should be in the wine glass . However , such objects as napkin rings are very rare in the United Kingdom , Spain , Mexico , or Italy . </P> <H3> Formal ( edit ) </H3> A formal table setting for one person . <P> Utensils are placed inward about 20cm or 8 inches from the edge of the table , with all placed either upon the same invisible baseline or upon the same invisible median line . Utensils in the outermost position are to be used first ( for example , a soup spoon or a salad fork , later the dinner fork and the dinner knife ) . The blades of the knives are turned toward the plate . Glasses are placed an inch ( 2.5 cm ) or so above the knives , also in the order of use : white wine , red wine , dessert wine , and water tumbler . </P> Formal dinner ( edit ) <P> The most formal dinner is served from the kitchen . When the meal is served , in addition to the central plate ( a service plate or dinner plate at supper ; at luncheon , a service plate or luncheon plate ) at each place there are a bread roll ( generally on a bread plate , sometimes in the napkin ) , napkin , and flatware ( knives and spoons to the right of the central plate , and forks to the left ) . Coffee is served in Butler Service style in demitasses , and a spoon placed on the saucer to the right of each handle . Serving dishes and utensils are not placed on the table for a formal dinner . The only exception in the West to these general rules is the protocol followed at the Spanish royal court , which was also adopted by the Austrian court , in which all cutlery was placed to the right of the central plate for each diner . </P> <P> At a less formal dinner , not served from the kitchen , the dessert fork and spoon can be set above the plate , fork pointing right , spoon pointing left . </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Formal dining </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Formal Place Setting for 8 Course Dinner </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Appetizer Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soup Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fish Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Entrée Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Palate Cleanser </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Main ( Releve ) Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Salad Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fingerbowl Before Dessert </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dessert Place Setting Before Dessert </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dessert Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coffee / Tea Course </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tea Service </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Flatware ( cutlery ) </Li> <Li> Haft - Sin , traditional table setting of Nowruz , the traditional Iranian spring celebration . </Li> <Li> List of glassware </Li> <Li> Napkin folding </Li> <Li> Silver service , a method of table service in the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> Tableware </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Vanderbilt , Amy ( 1958 ) . Amy Vanderbilt 's Complete Book of Etiquette : a Guide to Gracious Living . Garden City , NY : Doubleday & Co. pp. 346 -- 347 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Post , Peggy ( 1997 ) . Emily Post 's Etiquitte 75th Anniversary Edition . Table Settings : Harper - Collins . p. 433 . ISBN 006270078 - 2 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Table settings . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Von Drachenfels , Suzanne ( 2000 ) . The Art of the Table : A Complete Guide to Table Setting , Table Manners , and Tableware . Simon & Schuster . ISBN 0 - 684 - 84732 - 9 . </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Table_setting&oldid=805076227 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Serving and dining </Li> <Li> Etiquette </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 12 October 2017 , at 22 : 17 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In a formal setting, the bread plate is located

Where is the bread plate located in a formal setting?

-1458772187885221091

Varsity Blues ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Varsity Blues ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Varsity Blues </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Brian Robbins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Brian Robbins Michael Tollin Tova Laiter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> W. Peter Iliff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> James Van Der Beek </Li> <Li> Jon Voight </Li> <Li> Paul Walker </Li> <Li> Ron Lester </Li> <Li> Scott Caan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Narrated by </Th> <Td> James Van Der Beek </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Mark Isham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Chuck Cohen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Ned Bastille </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Tollin / Robbins Productions MTV Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Paramount Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> January 15 , 1999 ( 1999 - 01 - 15 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 106 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $16 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $54.3 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Varsity Blues is a 1999 American comedy - drama film directed by Brian Robbins that follows a small - town 5A high school football team and their overbearing coach through a tumultuous season . The players must deal with the pressures of adolescence and their football - obsessed community while having their hard coach on their back constantly . In the small ( fictional ) town of West Canaan , Texas , football is a way of life , and losing is not an option . </P> <P> The film drew a domestic box office gross of $52 million against its estimated $16 million budget despite mixed critical reviews . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Trademark Controversy </Li> <Li> 5 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 6 Awards </Li> <Li> 7 TV series </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jonathan `` Mox '' Moxon ( James Van Der Beek ) is an intelligent and academically gifted backup quarterback for the West Canaan High School football team . Despite his relative popularity at school , easy friendships with other players and smart and sassy girlfriend Jules Harbor ( Amy Smart ) , he is dissatisfied with his life . He wants to leave Texas to go to school at Brown University . He is constantly at odds with his football - obsessed father , Sam ( Thomas F. Duffy ) , and dreads playing it under legendary coach Bud Kilmer ( Jon Voight ) , a verbally abusive , controlling authoritarian who believes in winning at all costs . He has a strong track record as coach : in 30 years of coaching at West Canaan , he has won two state titles and 22 district championships , and only cares about winning his 23rd . His philosophy finally takes its toll on all - state starting quarterback , Lance Harbor ( Paul Walker ) , Mox 's best friend and Jules 's brother , who has earned a football scholarship to play for Florida State . He is manipulated by Kilmer into taking anesthetic shots on an injured knee that finally succumbs to failure and results in even greater injury after getting sacked during a game . He is rushed to the hospital , where doctors are appalled at the massive amount of scar tissue found under his knee and determine that the effects of the injury are permanent and will prevent him from being able to play football for a year and a half , costing him his FSU scholarship . </P> <P> Mox , who has accompanied Lance to the hospital , is shocked when Kilmer feigns ignorance to Lance 's doctors about his knee problems , when in fact Kilmer ordered the trainer to inject the shots . In need of a new quarterback , he reluctantly names Mox to replace Lance as captain and starting quarterback . The move brings unexpected dividends for him , one of them being Darcy Sears ( Ali Larter ) , Lance 's cheerleader girlfriend , who is interested in marrying a football player in order to escape small - town life . She even goes so far as to attempt to seduce Mox , sporting a `` bikini '' made of whipped cream over her otherwise naked body , but he rebuffs her as politely as he can and helps to cheer her up by telling her that she can get out of West Canaan on her own without anyone 's help . </P> <P> Disgusted with Kilmer and not feeling a strong need to win , Mox starts calling his own plays on the field without Kilmer 's approval and takes his group of friends and teammates , including Lance , out to a strip club on the night before a game , which they subsequently lose due to poor play from still being hungover . He also chides his father , Sam , screaming at him , `` I do n't want your life ! '' Sam had been a football player at West Canaan under Kilmer and although Kilmer dismissed him as having no talent nor courage , he still respected and obeyed him . When Kilmer becomes aware that Mox has earned a full academic scholarship to Brown , he threatens him that if he continues to disobey and disrespect him , he will alter his transcripts in order to reverse the decision on his scholarship . </P> <P> Kilmer 's lack of concern for his players continues , resulting in an emotional breakdown of offensive guard , Billy Bob ( Ron Lester ) , who had suffered a head injury weeks earlier ( Billy Bob had missed a block when he passed out on the field as a result of this injury after Kilmer pressured him out onto the field , which allowed the hit on Lance that crippled his knee , in which Kilmer blames him for ) . When starting tailback Wendell Brown ( Eliel Swinton ) , another friend of Mox 's , is injured on the field during the final game of the season , Kilmer pressures him during halftime into taking a shot of cortisone , as he had done with Lance , to deaden the pain from his injury and allow him to continue at the risk of permanent injury . Desperate to be recruited by a good college , Wendell agrees . Mox intervenes and threatens Kilmer that he 'll quit the team if the needle enters Wendell 's knee . Undaunted , Kilmer reminds him about altering his transcripts and orders Charlie Tweeder ( Scott Caan ) , starting wide receiver and friend of Mox , Lance and Wendell , to replace Mox , but he also quits . Billy Bob also steps in to defend his teammates . Mox tells Kilmer that the only way they will return to the field for the second half is without him . Realizing that he will be forced to forfeit the game , he loses control and physically assaults Mox . The other players intercede and then refuse to take to the field . Knowing his loss of control has cost him his credibility , Kilmer tries in vain to rally support and spark the team 's spirit into trusting him , but none of the players follow him out of the locker room . He continues down the hall , and upon seeing that no one following him , turns the other direction and into his office . After an inspiring speech from Mox to rally the team , they take the field under the leadership of Lance , who takes over coaching duties for the second half , and manage to win the game . </P> <P> In a voice - over epilogue , Mox recounts several characters ' aftermaths , including the fact that Kilmer left town and never coached again despite his statue still standing ( only because it was too heavy to move ) . Lance became a successful coach ( presumably Head Coach for the Coyotes after Kilmer 's departure ) , Wendell earned a football scholarship to Grambling , and Mox took his scholarship and graduated from Brown University , but he never played football again . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> James Van Der Beek as Jonathon `` Mox '' Moxon , the main protagonist . Mox is an academically successful , yet rebellious backup quarterback with a heart of gold . </Li> <Li> Jon Voight as Bud Kilmer , the main antagonist . Kilmer is the Coyotes ' 30 - year head coach . </Li> <Li> Paul Walker as Lance Harbor , the original captain and starting quarterback of the Coyotes . Lance is Jules ' older brother and Mox 's best friend . </Li> <Li> Amy Smart as Jules Harbor , Mox 's girlfriend and Lance 's younger sister . </Li> <Li> Ron Lester as Billy Bob , an overweight but powerful offensive guard and one of Mox 's friends . </Li> <Li> Scott Caan as Charlie Tweeder , a wild , cocky and hard partying wide receiver for the Coyotes and one of Mox 's friends . </Li> <Li> Eliel Swinton as Wendell Brown , the running back and one of the only two African American players on the team and one of Mox 's friends . </Li> <Li> Ali Larter as Darcy Sears , Lance 's girlfriend and the head cheerleader . Darcy is the prettiest and most popular girl in school , very intelligent , has straight A 's , and a heart of gold . </Li> <Li> Richard Lineback as Joe Harbor , Lance 's and Jules 's father . </Li> <Li> Thomas F. Duffy as Sam Moxon , Mox 's football obsessed father . </Li> <Li> Joe Pichler as Kyle Moxon , Mox 's younger brother who is into religions rather than football . </Li> <Li> Tonie Perensky as Miss Davis , a good teacher at West Canaan High School who moonlights as a stripper at the local strip club The Landing Strip . </Li> <Li> Olin Buchanan as himself , a reporter for KPJT . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film opened at # 1 at the North American box office making $17.5 million USD in its opening weekend . Though it had a 39.6 % decline in earnings , it was still enough to keep it at the top spot for another week . </P> <P> Critical reception was mixed ; the film has a 40 % ( `` Rotten '' ) approval rating from 52 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes , with the consensus `` This is a predictable football movie that lacks intensity . '' Roger Ebert noted in his Chicago Sun - Times review that `` Scenes work , but they do n't pile up and build momentum . '' ReelViews online film critic James Berardinelli 's summary was that although it `` takes a worthwhile detour or two , it ultimately finds its way back to the well - worn track of its genre . '' </P> <P> The film was later parodied in the 2001 movie , Not Another Teen Movie , in which Ron Lester reprises his role of Billy Bob by playing a nearly identical character named Reggie Ray . Ali Larter 's whipped cream bikini was also parodied . It was also quoted in the 2004 teen comedy film Mean Girls as being Regina George 's favorite movie . </P> <H2> Trademark controversy ( edit ) </H2> <P> In early

The movie Varsity Blues was released on

When did the movie varsity blues come out?

-7013558643530386167

Texas Chainsaw house - wikipedia <H1> Texas Chainsaw house </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Coordinates : 30 ° 39 ′ 36.8 '' N 98 ° 26 ′ 13.7 '' W  /  30.660222 ° N 98.437139 ° W  / 30.660222 ; - 98.437139 </P> The so - called Chainsaw House was moved from the La Frontera site to Kingsland in 1998 and restored for use as a restaurant as part of a hotel and railroad district . <P> The Texas Chainsaw House is located in Kingsland , Texas , on the grounds of The Antlers Hotel . This 1900s Victorian house was featured prominently in the 1974 film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre as the home of Leatherface and his cannibalistic family , before it was moved to this location from Williamson County in 1998 . The then - dilapidated farm house originally sat on Quick Hill Road during the July - August 1973 filming of the movie , then sat vacant and deteriorating . The original site is where La Frontera is now located , in Round Rock . </P> <Dl> <Dd> Location of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre farmhouse at Quick Hill -- 30 ° 28 ′ 49 '' N 97 ° 41 ′ 33 '' W  /  30.480277 ° N 97.692522 ° W  / 30.480277 ; - 97.692522  ( Site of ' The Texas Chain Saw Massacre ' farmhouse at Quick Hill ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> In 1998 , the house was cut into six pieces in order to be moved , then reassembled and restored to its original condition by master carpenter Anthony Mayfield on behalf of an investor couple in Austin , Texas . The house was a `` pattern book '' house , ordered from a catalog and assembled on site from a package of materials brought by wagon from a local lumber company . Research indicates it was likely built between 1908 and 1910 . </P> An identical twin house was later discovered nearby and was also renovated and is now located in Georgetown , Texas <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Identical twins <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Film sets </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Other Homes Appearing in Texas Chainsaw films </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Identical twins ( edit ) </H2> <P> A densely overgrown identical twin of the house was later found at La Frontera as well , and it too was cut into pieces and moved , but to nearby Georgetown and restored . It is known locally as the Burkland - Frisk house as it was built by an early settler in Williamson County , Leonard Frisk , and was later owned by Tony Burkland , a relative of the Frisk family . The house originally set across the street from the Chainsaw house , on Quick Hill Road . But it was later moved to another location within La Frontera and was not originally recognized as a twin because of the dilapidated condition of the house and it being completely overgrown with plants and trees . It was moved in 2006 and restored by the developers of La Frontera , Don Martin and Bill Smalling ( 1953 -- 2008 ) . It sits on San Gabriel Village Blvd prominently overlooking the South San Gabriel River and is used as an office . </P> <H3> Film sets ( edit ) </H3> <P> Replicas of the original house were built as sets for Texas Chainsaw 3D and the 2017 prequel Leatherface . </P> <H2> Other homes appearing in Texas Chainsaw films ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Hewitt House is a privately owned , six bedroom working farm house . It was built in Austin , Texas in the 1850s where the University of Texas at Austin now stands . The house was then moved by train to 901 County Road 336 Granger , Texas in the 1930s , and restored . This house was featured in the 2003 remake The Texas Chainsaw Massacre , as well as in the 2006 prequel to said remake , The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Antlers Hotel ( Kingsland , Texas ) </Li> <Li> La Frontera ( Round Rock , Texas ) </Li> <Li> Kingsland , Texas </Li> <Li> Georgetown , Texas </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Film Locations for the Texas Chainsaw Massacre '' . Worldwide Guide to Film Locations . Retrieved 5 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pack , MM ( 2003 - 10 - 23 ) . `` The Killing Fields : A culinary history of ' The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ' farmhouse '' . The Austin Chronicle . Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 02 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Matt Phillips . `` TCM Sister House '' . web publication . Retrieved 5 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jeff Dorsch ( 20 January 2002 ) . `` Twin to Texas Chainsaw Massacre House Moves to Georgetown '' . Williamson County Sun . Retrieved 5 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Matt Phillips . `` TCM Sister House '' . web publication . Retrieved 5 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lussier , Germaine ( 2012 - 10 - 17 ) . `` Leatherface ' Texas Chainsaw 3D ' Set Visit : A House of Horrors Rebuilt , a Franchise Revered '' . Slash Film . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sokol , Tony ( 2015 - 05 - 04 ) . `` Leatherface Producers Christa Campbell and Lati Grobman Interview '' . Den of Geek . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://roadtrippers.com/us/granger-tx/attractions/the-hewitt-house-texas-chainsaw-massacre-location?lat=40.80972&lng=-96.67528&z=5 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Texas Chainsaw Massacre </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Texas Chain Saw Massacre ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 </Li> <Li> The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III </Li> <Li> Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Next Generation </Li> <Li> The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning </Li> <Li> Texas Chainsaw 3D </Li> <Li> Leatherface </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Characters </Li> <Li> Leatherface </Li> <Li> Sally Hardesty </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Miscellaneous </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chain Saw Confidential </Li> <Li> Comics </Li> <Li> Texas Chainsaw House </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Texas_Chainsaw_House&oldid=807967107 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Railway hotels in the United States </Li> <Li> Filming locations by franchise </Li> <Li> The Texas Chainsaw Massacre </Li> <Li> Queen Anne architecture in Texas </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2016 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 31 October 2017 , at 02 : 41 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre house is currently inhabited by

Who lives in the texas chainsaw massacre house?

-5885390605616022848

Earth 's rotation - Wikipedia <H1> Earth 's rotation </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the duration of daylight and night , see Daytime and Night . An animation of Earth 's rotation around the planet 's axis This long - exposure photo of the northern night sky over the Nepali Himalayas shows the apparent paths of the stars as Earth rotates . <P> Earth 's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis . Earth rotates eastward , in prograde motion . As viewed from the north pole star Polaris , Earth turns counter clockwise . </P> <P> The North Pole , also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole , is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth 's axis of rotation meets its surface . This point is distinct from Earth 's North Magnetic Pole . The South Pole is the other point where Earth 's axis of rotation intersects its surface , in Antarctica . </P> <P> Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the Sun , but once every 23 hours , 56 minutes , and 4 seconds with respect to the stars ( see below ) . Earth 's rotation is slowing slightly with time ; thus , a day was shorter in the past . This is due to the tidal effects the Moon has on Earth 's rotation . Atomic clocks show that a modern day is longer by about 1.7 milliseconds than a century ago , slowly increasing the rate at which UTC is adjusted by leap seconds . Analysis of historical astronomical records shows a slowing trend of 2.3 milliseconds per century since the 8th century BC E . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Empirical tests </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Rotation period <Ul> <Li> 2.1 True solar day </Li> <Li> 2.2 Mean solar day </Li> <Li> 2.3 Stellar and sidereal day </Li> <Li> 2.4 Angular speed </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Changes in rotation <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Change in rotational axis </Li> <Li> 3.2 Change in rotational velocity <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Tidal interactions </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Resonant stabilization </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Global events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Measurement </Li> <Li> 3.4 Ancient observations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Origin </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Among the ancient Greeks , several of the Pythagorean school believed in the rotation of the earth rather than the apparent diurnal rotation of the heavens . Perhaps the first was Philolaus ( 470 -- 385 BCE ) , though his system was complicated , including a counter-earth rotating daily about a central fire . </P> <P> A more conventional picture was that supported by Hicetas , Heraclides and Ecphantus in the fourth century BCE who assumed that the earth rotated but did not suggest that the earth revolved about the sun . In the third century BCE , Aristarchus of Samos suggested the sun 's central place . </P> <P> However , Aristotle in the fourth century BCE criticized the ideas of Philolaus as being based on theory rather than observation . He established the idea of a sphere of fixed stars that rotated about the earth . This was accepted by most of those who came after , in particular Claudius Ptolemy ( 2nd century CE ) , who thought the earth would be devastated by gales if it rotated . </P> <P> In 499 CE , the Indian astronomer Aryabhata wrote that the spherical earth rotates about its axis daily , and that the apparent movement of the stars is a relative motion caused by the rotation of the Earth . He provided the following analogy : `` Just as a man in a boat going in one direction sees the stationary things on the bank as moving in the opposite direction , in the same way to a man at Lanka the fixed stars appear to be going westward . '' </P> <P> In the 10th century , some Muslim astronomers accepted that the Earth rotates around its axis . According to al - Biruni , Abu Sa'id al - Sijzi ( d. circa 1020 ) invented an astrolabe called al - zūraqī based on the idea believed by some of his contemporaries `` that the motion we see is due to the Earth 's movement and not to that of the sky . '' The prevalence of this view is further confirmed by a reference from the 13th century which states : `` According to the geometers ( or engineers ) ( muhandisīn ) , the earth is in constant circular motion , and what appears to be the motion of the heavens is actually due to the motion of the earth and not the stars . '' Treatises were written to discuss its possibility , either as refutations or expressing doubts about Ptolemy 's arguments against it . At the Maragha and Samarkand observatories , the Earth 's rotation was discussed by Tusi ( b . 1201 ) and Qushji ( b . 1403 ) ; the arguments and evidence they used resemble those used by Copernicus . </P> <P> In medieval Europe , Thomas Aquinas accepted Aristotle 's view and so , reluctantly , did John Buridan and Nicole Oresme in the fourteenth century . Not until Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543 adopted a heliocentric world system did the contemporary understanding of earth 's rotation begin to be established . Copernicus pointed out that if the movement of the earth is violent , then the movement of the stars must be very much more so . He acknowledged the contribution of the Pythagoreans and pointed to examples of relative motion . For Copernicus this was the first step in establishing the simpler pattern of planets circling a central sun . </P> <P> Tycho Brahe , who produced accurate observations on which Kepler based his laws , used Copernicus 's work as the basis of a system assuming a stationary earth . In 1600 , William Gilbert strongly supported the earth 's rotation in his treatise on the earth 's magnetism and thereby influenced many of his contemporaries . Those like Gilbert who did not openly support or reject the motion of the earth about the sun are often called `` semi-Copernicans '' . A century after Copernicus , Riccioli disputed the model of a rotating earth due to the lack of then - observable eastward deflections in falling bodies ; such deflections would later be called the Coriolis effect . However , the contributions of Kepler , Galileo and Newton gathered support for the theory of the rotation of the Earth . </P> <H3> Empirical tests ( edit ) </H3> <P> The earth 's rotation implies that the equator bulges and the poles are flattened . In his Principia , Newton predicted this flattening would occur in the ratio of 1 : 230 , and pointed to the 1673 pendulum measurements by Richer as corroboration of the change in gravity , but initial measurements of meridian lengths by Picard and Cassini at the end of the 17th century suggested the opposite . However measurements by Maupertuis and the French Geodesic Mission in the 1730s established the flattening , thus confirming both Newton and the Copernican position . </P> <P> In the Earth 's rotating frame of reference , a freely moving body follows an apparent path that deviates from the one it would follow in a fixed frame of reference . Because of the Coriolis effect , falling bodies veer slightly eastward from the vertical plumb line below their point of release , and projectiles veer right in the northern hemisphere ( and left in the southern ) from the direction in which they are shot . The Coriolis effect is mainly observable at a meteorological scale , where it is responsible for the differing rotation direction of cyclones in the northern and southern hemispheres . </P> <P> Hooke , following a 1679 suggestion from Newton , tried unsuccessfully to verify the predicted eastward deviation of a body dropped from a height of 8.2 meters , but definitive results were only obtained later , in the late 18th and early 19th century , by Giovanni Battista Guglielmini in Bologna , Johann Friedrich Benzenberg in Hamburg and Ferdinand Reich in Freiberg , using taller towers and carefully released weights . A ball dropped from a height of 158.5 m ( 520 ft ) departed by 27.4 mm ( 1.08 in ) from the vertical compared with a calculated value of 28.1 mm ( 1.11 in ) . </P> <P> The most celebrated test of Earth 's rotation is the Foucault pendulum first built by physicist Léon Foucault in 1851 , which consisted of a lead - filled brass sphere suspended 67 m from the top of the Panthéon in Paris . Because of the Earth 's rotation under the swinging pendulum , the pendulum 's plane of oscillation appears to rotate at a rate depending on latitude . At the latitude of Paris the predicted and observed shift was about 11 degrees clockwise per hour . Foucault pendulums now swing in museums around the world . </P> <H2> Rotation period ( edit ) </H2> Starry circles arc around the south celestial pole , seen overhead at ESO 's La Silla Observatory . <H3> True solar day ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Solar time <P> Earth 's rotation period relative to the Sun ( solar noon to solar noon ) is its true solar day or apparent solar day . It depends on the Earth 's orbital motion and is thus affected by changes in the eccentricity and inclination of Earth 's orbit . Both vary over thousands of years , so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies . Generally , it is longer than the mean solar day during two periods of the year and shorter during another two . The true solar day tends to be longer near perihelion when the Sun apparently moves along the ecliptic through a greater angle than usual , taking about 10 seconds longer to do so . Conversely , it is about 10 seconds shorter near aphelion . It is about 20 seconds longer near a solstice when the projection of the Sun 's apparent motion along the ecliptic onto the celestial equator causes the Sun to move through a greater angle than usual . Conversely , near an equinox the projection onto the equator is shorter by about 20 seconds . Currently , the perihelion and solstice effects combine to lengthen the true solar day near 22 December by 30 mean solar seconds , but the solstice effect is partially cancelled by the aphelion effect near 19 June when it is only 13 seconds longer . The effects of the equinoxes shorten it near 26 March and 16 September by 18 seconds and 21 seconds , respectively . </P> <H3> Mean solar day ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Mean solar day <P> The average of the true solar day during the course of an entire year is the mean solar day , which contains 86,400 mean solar seconds . Currently , each of these seconds is slightly longer than an SI second because Earth 's mean solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century due to tidal friction . The average length of the mean solar day since the introduction of the leap second in 1972 has been about 0 to 2 ms longer than 86,400 SI seconds . Random fluctuations due to core - mantle coupling have an amplitude of about 5 ms . The mean solar second between 1750 and 1892 was chosen in 1895 by Simon Newcomb as the independent unit of time in his Tables of the Sun . These tables were used to calculate the world 's ephemerides between 1900 and 1983 , so this second became known as the ephemeris

One full rotation of the Earth takes

How long is one full rotation of the earth?

2959776326399352635

Phoenix Open - Wikipedia <H1> Phoenix Open </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Phoenix Open <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tournament information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Scottsdale , Arizona </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Established </Th> <Td> 1932 , 86 years ago </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Course ( s ) </Th> <Td> TPC Scottsdale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Par </Th> <Td> 71 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 7,266 yards ( 6,644 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Organized by </Th> <Td> The Thunderbirds </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tour ( s ) </Th> <Td> PGA Tour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Stroke play </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prize fund </Th> <Td> $ 6.9 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Month played </Th> <Td> February </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tournament record score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aggregate </Th> <Td> 256 Mark Calcavecchia ( 2001 ) 256 Phil Mickelson ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> To par </Th> <Td> − 28 Mark Calcavecchia ( 2001 ) − 28 Phil Mickelson ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Current champion </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Gary Woodland </Td> </Tr> </Table> Scottsdale Location in the United States Scottsdale Location in Arizona <P> The Phoenix Open ( known as the Waste Management Phoenix Open for title sponsorship reasons ) is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , held in late January / early February at the Tournament Players Club ( TPC ) of Scottsdale , Arizona . </P> <P> The tournament was originally the Arizona Open , but was known for most of its history as the Phoenix Open until the investment bank Friedman Billings Ramsey became the title sponsor in October 2003 , and it was known as the FBR Open for the next six editions . Waste Management began its sponsorship in 2010 . </P> <P> The event 's relaxed atmosphere , raucous by the standards of professional golf , has earned it the nickname `` The Greatest Show on Grass '' and made it one of the most popular events on the PGA Tour calendar . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Popularity </Li> <Li> 3 Conflicts with the Super Bowl </Li> <Li> 4 Records -- scoring and victories </Li> <Li> 5 Winners </Li> <Li> 6 Multiple winners </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Phoenix Open began 85 years ago in 1932 but was discontinued after the 1935 tournament . The rebirth of the Phoenix Open came in 1939 when Bob Goldwater , Sr. convinced fellow Thunderbirds to help run the event . The Thunderbirds , a prominent civic organization in Phoenix , were not as enthusiastic about running the event as he was , leaving Goldwater , Sr. to do most of the work in getting a golf open started . </P> <P> The event was played at the Phoenix Country Club in Phoenix ( 33 ° 28 ′ 55 '' N 112 ° 03 ′ 47 '' W  /  33.482 ° N 112.063 ° W  / 33.482 ; - 112.063 ) , both in its earlier incarnations and after Goldwater resuscitated it . Beginning in 1955 , the Arizona Country Club ( also in Phoenix ) ( 33 ° 29 ′ 06 '' N 111 ° 57 ′ 32 '' W  /  33.485 ° N 111.959 ° W  / 33.485 ; - 111.959 ) , alternated as event host with Phoenix Country Club ; this arrangement lasted until Phoenix Country Club took The Arizona Country Club 's turn in 1975 and became the event 's permanent home again . </P> <P> The tournament moved 31 years ago in 1987 to its current home , the Stadium Course at TPC Scottsdale , northeast of downtown Phoenix . The approximate average elevation of the course is 1,530 feet ( 465 m ) above sea level . </P> <H2> Popularity ( edit ) </H2> <P> The four - day attendance of the tournament is usually around a half million ; the best - attended event in golf . In 2016 , it set a PGA Tour and Phoenix Open single day attendance record with 201,003 fans in attendance on Saturday , February 6 and set a tournament week attendance record of 618,365 fans . </P> <P> The most popular location for spectators is the par - 3 16th hole , nicknamed `` The Coliseum . '' ( 33 ° 38 ′ 15 '' N 111 ° 54 ′ 48 '' W  /  33.6375 ° N 111.9132 ° W  / 33.6375 ; - 111.9132 ) One of the shortest holes on tour at 162 yards ( 148 m ) , it is enclosed by a temporary 20,000 - seat grandstand . The hole could be described as `` one big party , '' with many students from the nearby Arizona State University in Tempe in attendance . Poor shots at the 16th hole receive boos , because the hole is very easy by the PGA 's standards . Good shots , however , are cheered loudly . Famous moments include Tiger Woods ' Saturday hole - in - one in 1997 , which caused the gallery to erupt , throwing cups and other objects in celebration , and Justin Leonard giving the finger to the gallery after a poor shot . Jarrod Lyle aced the hole on Saturday in 2011 , causing the stands to erupt in excitement . After 2013 , the PGA Tour banned the practice of caddies racing the 150 yards ( 140 m ) from the tee box to the green , citing injury concerns . </P> <P> The most popular tour player at the Phoenix Open is unquestionably Phil Mickelson , an Arizona State alumnus ( 1992 ) with three victories at the event . In addition to the golf , there is a concert / party held in the Scottsdale area called the Birds Nest , at which music artists like Huey Lewis and the News play . </P> <P> The Thunderbirds are still highly active in the organization of the tournament . Portions of the proceeds are used by the Thunderbirds to fund Special Olympics activities in Phoenix . </P> <H2> Conflicts with the Super Bowl ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since 1973 , the Phoenix Open has been played on the weekend of the Super Bowl . In 1996 , it was played Wednesday through Saturday , as Super Bowl XXX was held at Sun Devil Stadium in nearby Tempe . In 2009 , the tournament overlapped with Super Bowl XLIII in Tampa , Florida , when Kenny Perry and Charley Hoffman went to a playoff . That denied the spectators a chance to watch the beginning of the game on NBC , which featured the local Arizona Cardinals . </P> <P> Because of the Super Bowl weekend status , the PGA Tour 's television contracts with CBS and NBC include an alternating tournament . Usually a CBS tournament , the Phoenix Open airs on NBC when CBS has the Super Bowl , and NBC 's Honda Classic airs on CBS in Winter Olympic years . </P> <H2> Records -- scoring and victories ( edit ) </H2> <P> The tournament 's lowest 72 - hole score was set by Mark Calcavecchia in 2001 with 256 ( -- 28 ) , which was matched by Mickelson in 2013 . In the second round Calcavecchia scored a 60 ( -- 11 ) , which equalled the lowest score at the Phoenix Open ( by Grant Waite in 1996 ) and subsequently matched by Mickelson in 2005 and 2013 . Calcavecchia had 32 birdies in the tournament , which was also an all - time record . </P> <P> There have been only two double eagles in the history of the Phoenix Open . Tom Pernice , Jr. made the first one on the 558 - yard ( 510 m ) par - 5 15th hole in 1990 . Andrew Magee scored the second on the 332 - yard ( 304 m ) par - 4 17th hole in 2001 , and was the first - ever ace on a par - 4 in PGA Tour history . </P> <P> Four men have won three times at the Phoenix Open : Arnold Palmer won consecutively ( 1961 , 1962 , 1963 ) , then Gene Littler ( 1955 , 1959 , 1969 ) , Calcavecchia ( 1989 , 1992 , 2001 ) , and Mickelson ( 1996 , 2005 , 2013 ) . </P> <H2> Winners ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> To par </Th> <Th> Margin of victory </Th> <Th> Runner ( s ) - up </Th> <Th> Winner 's share ( $ ) </Th> <Th> Purse ( $ ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="9"> Waste Management Phoenix Open </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Gary Woodland </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 266 </Td> <Td> − 18 </Td> <Td> Playoff </Td> <Td> Chez Reavie </Td> <Td> 1,242,000 </Td> <Td> 6,900,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Hideki Matsuyama ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 267 </Td> <Td> − 17 </Td> <Td> Playoff </Td> <Td> Webb Simpson </Td> <Td> 1,206,000 </Td> <Td> 6,700,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Hideki Matsuyama </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 270 </Td> <Td> − 14 </Td> <Td> Playoff </Td> <Td> Rickie Fowler </Td> <Td> 1,170,000 </Td> <Td> 6,500,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Brooks Koepka </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 269 </Td> <Td> − 15 </Td> <Td> 1 stroke </Td> <Td> Hideki Matsuyama Ryan Palmer Bubba Watson </Td> <Td> 1,134,000 </Td> <Td> 6,300,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Kevin Stadler </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 268 </Td> <Td> − 16 </Td> <Td> 1 stroke </Td> <Td> Graham DeLaet Bubba Watson </Td> <Td> 1,116,000 </Td> <Td> 6,200,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Phil Mickelson ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 256 </Td> <Td> − 28 </Td> <Td> 4 strokes </Td> <Td> Brandt Snedeker </Td> <Td> 1,116,000 </Td> <Td> 6,200,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Kyle Stanley </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 269 </Td> <Td> − 15 </Td> <Td> 1 stroke </Td> <Td> Ben Crane </Td> <Td> 1,098,000 </Td> <Td> 6,100,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Mark Wilson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 266 </Td> <Td> − 18 </Td> <Td> Playoff </Td> <Td> Jason Dufner </Td> <Td> 1,098,000 </Td> <Td> 6,100,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hunter Mahan </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 268 </Td> <Td> − 16 </Td> <Td> 1 stroke </Td> <Td> Rickie Fowler </Td> <Td> 1,080,000 </Td> <Td> 6,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="9"> FBR Open </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Kenny Perry </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 270 </Td> <Td> − 14 </Td> <Td> Playoff </Td> <Td> Charley Hoffman </Td> <Td> 1,080,000 </Td> <Td> 6,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> J.B. Holmes ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 270 </Td> <Td> − 14 </Td> <Td> Playoff </Td> <Td> Phil Mickelson </Td> <Td> 1,080,000 </Td> <Td> 6,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Aaron Baddeley </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 263 </Td> <Td> − 21 </Td> <Td> 1 stroke </Td> <Td> John Rollins </Td> <Td> 1,080,000 </Td> <Td> 6,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> J.B. Holmes </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 263 </Td> <Td> − 21 </Td> <Td> 7 strokes </Td> <Td> J.J. Henry Steve Lowery Ryan Palmer Scott Verplank Camilo Villegas </Td> <Td> 936,000 </Td> <Td> 5,200,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Phil Mickelson ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 267 </Td>

Before Waste Management, the Phoenix Open was sponsored by

Who sponsored the phoenix open before waste management?

8448433532428163626

1983 America 's Cup - wikipedia <H1> 1983 America 's Cup </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> 25th America 's Cup <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Defender United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defender club : </Th> <Td> New York Yacht Club </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yacht : </Th> <Td> Liberty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Challenger Australia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Challenger club : </Th> <Td> Royal Perth Yacht Club </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yacht : </Th> <Td> Australia II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Competition </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location : </Th> <Td> Newport , Rhode Island , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates : </Th> <Td> 14 -- 26 September 1983 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rule : </Th> <Td> 12 - metre </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winner : </Th> <Td> Royal Perth Yacht Club </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Score : </Th> <Td> 4 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 1983 America 's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club , which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years . An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II , skippered by John Bertrand , against defender Liberty , skippered by Dennis Conner . Australia II won the match races to win the America 's Cup , ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The defender : Liberty </Li> <Li> 2 The challenger : Australia II </Li> <Li> 3 The races </Li> <Li> 4 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The defender : Liberty ( edit ) </H2> <P> Skippered by team principal Dennis Conner , Liberty won all the Defender trials and on September 2 , 1983 , the New York Yacht Club confirmed that Liberty was to represent the NYYC as defender of the America 's Cup . </P> <P> During the summer preceding the trials , Conner had been the focus of extensive media attention in the U.S. He was even featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine , a rare recognition for a sailor . </P> <P> The crew included Connor as skipper , Tom Whidden , navigator Halsey Chase Herreshoff , Scott Vogel , and mainsheet trimmer John Marshall . </P> <P> Liberty had competed with John Kolius ' Courageous and Tom Blackaller 's Defender in a defender series before being selected by the New York Yacht Club . Gary Jobson was the founder and tactician of the Courageous / Defender syndicate . </P> <H2> The challenger : Australia II ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Australia II See also : 1983 Louis Vuitton Cup <P> Alan Bond arrived at Newport with Australia II , billed as one of the biggest threats to American dominance of the 12 Metre class . The boat was designed by Ben Lexcen and skippered by John Bertrand . The revolutionary `` winged keel '' of the Australian yacht was a subject of controversy from the outset of the challenger series , with the New York Yacht club alleging that the winged keel boat was not a legal 12 Meter , and that the keel design itself was the result of Dutch engineers , and not by Lexcen . This second point would have made Australia II illegal under the requirement that the boat be `` designed and constructed in country '' as the Deed of Gift that governed the competition stipulated . The boat was ruled a legal 12 Meter , and she was allowed to participate in the regatta . The speed of the new contender , along with the controversy and protests intensified international media attention to the series . </P> <P> Australia II dominated the challenger series and entered the America 's Cup finals as the most promising contender to date . </P> <H2> The races ( edit ) </H2> <P> The U.S. yacht won the first and second races by margins of more than a minute when the Australian yacht suffered equipment failure , but the Australia II took the third race , and came back to win the fifth and sixth races after Liberty won the fourth . This was the first time the America 's Cup had needed a sixth race , let alone a seventh . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Winner </Th> <Th> Yacht </Th> <Th> Loser </Th> <Th> Yacht </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Delta </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 14 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> 0 - 1 </Td> <Td> 1 : 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 15 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> 0 - 2 </Td> <Td> 1 : 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 18 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> 1 - 2 </Td> <Td> 3 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 20 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> 1 - 3 </Td> <Td> 0 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 21 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> 2 - 3 </Td> <Td> 1 : 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 22 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> 3 - 3 </Td> <Td> 3 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 26 , 1983 </Td> <Td> Australia II </Td> <Td> KA - 6 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> US - 40 </Td> <Td> 4 - 3 </Td> <Td> 0 : 41 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The cup title came down to the seventh and final race . For the seventh and deciding race on 26 September 1983 the wind was light at around eight knots . The pre-start was not a typical match race start . `` Neither party wanted to make a mistake and end up in the protest room , '' Conner would explain later . Liberty won the start by eight seconds ahead of Australia II on paper but the Australians held a controlling position at the favoured end sailing toward the favoured side which gave them the early lead . Australia II was subsequently overtaken by Conner who built up what seemed to be an unassailable margin . At the start of the penultimate leg ( a square run ) the America 's Cup looked like it would stay in Newport . Conner failed to cover Australia II which allowed them to run deeper and faster assisted by breeze and windshifts allowing Australia II to overtake the Americans by the leeward mark . Conner then engaged Australia II in a spectacular tacking duel with nearly 50 tacks including a number of faked `` dummy '' tacks trying to break the Australians ' cover . Australia II held on until both boats reached the starboard layline in amongst the spectator fleet and tacked several boat lengths ahead of Liberty and sailed to the finish to take the race . Australia II crossed the finish line with a winning margin of 41 seconds , becoming the first successful challenger in the 132 years `` since the schooner America won it in a race around England 's Isle of Wight in 1851 '' . </P> <H2> Aftermath ( edit ) </H2> <P> The final race was televised in Australia in the early hours of 27 September 1983 ( Australian time ) just before dawn , and the victory was celebrated in public venues across Australia . Prime Minister Bob Hawke was interviewed at the dawn celebration in Claremont , Western Australia . After humorously fending off repeated questioning by journalists about whether he would declare a public holiday he admitted this was a state matter and outside his power as Prime Minister . He joked that he thought it should be and that any state Premiers who disagreed with him might `` find themselves in a spot of bother '' . To rapturous laughter and applause he said with finality `` Any boss who sacks a worker for not turning up today is a bum '' . </P> <P> The loss of the 1983 America 's Cup was considered a time of shame in U.S. sailing , as the U.S. had been able to defend the Cup for 132 years . Dennis Conner took the loss hard . Asked about how he felt initially after losing the Cup Conner said : `` It was awful . I just did not want to get out of bed in the morning . I am usually full of life and energy ... I just wanted to hide '' . </P> <P> The America 's Cup was transferred from the New York Yacht Club to the Royal Perth Yacht Club located in Perth , Western Australia , which subsequently hosted its first , but unsuccessful , defense in the 1987 America 's Cup . After losing the Cup the U.S. had been determined to bring it back . Conner went to work on the next US America 's Cup Campaign . With the help of designers Britton Chance , Jr. , Bruce Nelson and David Pedrick , the boat Stars and Stripes 87 was created which , after progressively gaining speed in a grueling challenger series , became the 1987 challenger . Stars and Stripes sailed against Kookaburra , the Australian defender , with Conner winning the 1987 America 's Cup and returning it to the U.S. The 1992 film Wind portrays in large part the loss of the 1983 Cup and the journey to regain it at the 1987 Challenge . While parts of the film take some creative license with the actual events , Wind has generally been acclaimed as the single most accurate and realistic sailing film ever made , capturing not only the technical and physical challenges of sailing , but also the realistic and daily culture and lifestyle of professional yachtsmen and yachtswomen . </P> <P> In retrospect , Conner said that losing the Cup in 1983 had been good for the sport of sailing and the Cup itself : `` Me losing after 132 years was the best thing that ever happened to the America 's Cup and the best thing that ever happened to Dennis Conner ... Before the win by the Australians , the America 's Cup was only big in the minds of the yachties , but the rest of the world did n't know or care about it at all . But when we lost it ... it was a little bit like losing the Panama Canal - suddenly everyone appreciated it . If I had n't lost it , there never would have been the national effort ... without that there never would have been the ticker - tape parade up Fifth Avenue in New York , lunch with the President at the White House and all the doors of opportunity that it opened '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Liberty - US 40 America 's Cup 32nd Official Site </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bertrand , John Born to win : a lifelong struggle to capture the America 's Cup ( as told to Patrick Robinson ) . Sydney : Bantam Books , c1985 . ISBN 0 - 553 - 05118 - 0 . p. 175 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.herreshoff.org/achof/gary_jobson.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Australia II America 's Cup 32nd Official Site </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ America 's Cup History CBS Sports </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 32nd America 's Cup - Print - An Anniversary of Legendary Proportions . '' 32nd America 's Cup Official Website . Web .

Australia II won the America's Cup in

When did australia 2 win the america's cup?

-8677459248394445003

Live From the Red Carpet - wikipedia <H1> Live From the Red Carpet </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E ! Entertainment Television . Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first - row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion , flair , glitz and glamour . The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic . </P> <P> The program airs the day of every major award show ( Primetime Emmy Awards , Golden Globe Award , Academy Awards , Screen Actors Guild Awards and Grammy Awards ) and have three other programs that correspond with it : </P> <Ul> <Li> Countdown to the Red Carpet : Commentary on nominees and coverage of behind - the - scenes preparations . Insider interviews , swag - suite peeks , expert predix and more </Li> <Li> Live Post Show - E ! After Party : E ! talks up all the big winners and highlights of the night </Li> <Li> Fashion Police : takes a look at the best dress and worst dress fashion of the night with Melissa Rivers as host </Li> </Ul> <P> In 2005 TV Guide channel begin airing its own red carpet pre-show . The program got Joan Rivers and her daughter Melissa Rivers to host the program for a reported $8 million for three years . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 UK Show </Li> <Li> 2 Current Host </Li> <Li> 3 UK Hosts </Li> <Li> 4 Past Host </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> UK show ( edit ) </H2> <P> The UK Edition is aired for the British Academy Film Awards and is hosted by Dermot O'Leary and Fearne Cotton . </P> <H2> Current Host ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ryan Seacrest ( 2006 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Giuliana Rancic ( 2004 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Jason Kennedy ( 2017 - present ) </Li> <Li> Alexander von Roon ( 2006 -- present ) German version and German voice of Ryan Seacrest </Li> </Ul> <H2> UK Hosts ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dermot O'Leary ( 2012 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Fearne Cotton ( 2012 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Past Host ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Joan Rivers ( 1996 - 2004 ) ( as interview host ) </Li> <Li> Joan Rivers ( 2009 -- 2014 ) ( Fashion Police ) </Li> <Li> Melissa Rivers ( 1996 - 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Star Jones ( 2004 - 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Kathy Griffin ( 2004 - 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Nicky Hilton ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Debbie Matenopoulos ( 2006 - 2009 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Live From the Red Carpet - E ! Online </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> E ! original programming </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> 1990s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Dick Tracy Show ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> TV 's Bloopers & Practical Jokes ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Talk Soup ( 1991 -- 2002 ) </Li> <Li> E ! Behind the Scenes ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> Coming Attractions ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> Melrose Place ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Howard Stern ( 1994 -- 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Models Inc. ( 1994 -- 95 ) </Li> <Li> Night Stand with Dick Dietrick ( 1995 -- 97 ) </Li> <Li> The Michael Essany Show ( 1997 -- 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Wild On ! ( 1997 -- 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Mysteries and Scandals ( 1998 -- 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Search Party ( 1999 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Revealed with Jules Asner ( 2001 -- 03 ) </Li> <Li> Daly / Nightly ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> The Anna Nicole Show ( 2002 -- 03 ) </Li> <Li> Star Dates ( 2002 -- 03 ) </Li> <Li> Celebrities Uncensored ( 2003 -- 04 ) </Li> <Li> Totally Outrageous Behavior ( 2003 -- 05 ) </Li> <Li> It 's Good to Be ... ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Love Chain ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Dr. 90210 ( 2004 -- 08 ) </Li> <Li> The Soup ( 2004 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> Love Is in the Heir ( 2004 -- 05 ) </Li> <Li> Life is Great with Brooke Burke ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Filthy Rich : Cattle Drive ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> The Gastineau Girls ( 2005 -- 06 ) </Li> <Li> Fight for Fame ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> E ! Hollywood Hold'em ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> The Girls Next Door / Girls of the Playboy Mansion ( 2005 -- 10 ) </Li> <Li> Kill Reality ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Taradise ( 2005 -- 06 ) </Li> <Li> The Entertainer starring Wayne Newton ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Party @ The Palms ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> My Crazy Life ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> The Daily 10 ( 2006 -- 10 ) </Li> <Li> The Chelsea Handler Show ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> House of Carters ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Love Ride ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> # 1 Single ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> The Simple Life ( 2006 -- 07 ) </Li> <Li> Boulevard of Broken Dreams ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Katie & Peter ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Saturday Night Live ( 2007 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood ( 2007 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Starveillance ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Sunset Tan ( 2007 -- 08 ) </Li> <Li> Paradise City ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Chelsea Lately ( 2007 -- 14 ) </Li> <Li> Denise Richards : It 's Complicated ( 2008 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Kimora : Life in the Fab Lane ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Living Lohan ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Match Mistress ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Party Monsters Cabo ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Pop Fiction ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Pam : Girl on the Loose ! ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Candy Girls ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Reality Hell ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Kendra ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Kourtney and Kim Take Miami ( 2009 -- 13 ) </Li> <Li> Leave It to Lamas ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Holly 's World ( 2009 -- 11 ) </Li> <Li> Wildest Naked TV Moments ( 2009 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2010s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A-List Listings ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> After Lately ( 2011 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Bridalplasty ( 2010 -- 11 ) </Li> <Li> Chasing the Saturdays ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Christina Milian Turned Up ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> <Li> The Dance Scene ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Dash Dolls ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Dirty Soap ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Eric & Jessie : Game On ( 2013 -- 14 ) </Li> <Li> Escape Club ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> The Grace Helbig Show ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Hello Ross ( 2013 -- 14 ) </Li> <Li> I Am Cait ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> <Li> Ice Loves Coco ( 2011 -- 13 ) </Li> <Li> Khloé & Lamar ( 2011 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> Kourtney and Kim Take New York ( 2011 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> Love You , Mean It with Whitney Cummings ( 2012 -- 13 ) </Li> <Li> Married to Jonas ( 2012 -- 13 ) </Li> <Li> Married to Rock ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Mrs. Eastwood & Company ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Opening Act ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Playing with Fire ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Pretty Wild ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Scouted ( 2011 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> The Spin Crowd ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Stewarts & Hamiltons ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> The Wanted Life ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> What Would Ryan Lochte Do ? ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> What 's Eating You ( 2010 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Arrangement ( 2017 -- ) </Li> <Li> Botched ( 2014 -- ) </Li> <Li> Botched by Nature ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> The Comment Section ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> Daily Pop ( 2017 -- ) </Li> <Li> E ! Investigates ( 2009 -- ) </Li> <Li> E ! News ( 1991 -- ) </Li> <Li> E ! True Hollywood Story ( 1996 -- ) </Li> <Li> EJNYC ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> Famously Single ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> Fashion Police ( 2010 -- ) </Li> <Li> Good Work ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> Hollywood & Football ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> Hollywood Cycle ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> Hollywood Medium With Tyler Henry ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> House of DVF ( 2014 -- ) </Li> <Li> Just Jillian ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> Keeping Up with the Kardashians ( 2007 -- ) </Li> <Li> L.A. Clippers Dance Squad ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> Life of Kylie ( 2017 -- ) </Li> <Li> Live from the Red Carpet ( 2005 -- ) </Li> <Li> Mariah 's World ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> New Money ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( 2014 -- ) </Li> <Li> Rob & Chyna ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> The Royals ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> So Cosmo ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Sex with Brody ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> Total Bellas ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> Total Divas ( 2013 -- ) </Li> <Li> WAGS ( 2015 -- ) </Li> <Li> WAGS Atlanta ( 2018 -- ) </Li> <Li> WAGS Miami ( 2016 -- ) </Li> <Li> We Have Issues ( 2015 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_from_the_Red_Carpet&oldid=812308838 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1996 American television series debuts </Li> <Li> 1990s American television series </Li> <Li> 2000s American television series </Li> <Li> E ! network shows </Li> <Li> English - language television programs </Li> <Li> 2010s American television series </Li> <Li> Infotainment </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles lacking sources from March 2014 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking sources </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 November 2017 , at 05 : 11 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization .

The host of E! Live from the Red Carpet is

Who is hosting e live from the red carpet?

7043091093231734503

</Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $12 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $24.8 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Seed of Chucky is a 2004 American supernatural comedy slasher film , the fifth installment of the Child 's Play series , and sequel to 1998 's Bride of Chucky . The film was written and directed by Don Mancini , who created the series and has written all of the films . With this entry , Mancini made his directorial debut . The film is set six years after Child 's Play 3 and Bride of Chucky and follows a young doll named Glen , the son of Chucky and Tiffany , resurrecting his parents , causing chaos . </P> <P> The film , shot in Romania , continues the series ' evolution from the pure horror genre of the first movie to a hybrid horror - comedy . It was the last Child 's Play film to be released in theaters , with all future installments to be released direct to DVD . The film was followed by another sequel , Curse of Chucky , released on home video and Netflix in 2013 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical reception </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 Sequels </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Six years after the previous film , Glen , the son of Chucky and Tiffany , has a nightmare in which he murders a little girl 's parents . In reality , he is living a life of embarrassment and abuse as a ventriloquist 's dummy . After being forced to perform and locked inside a cage , Glen sees Chucky and Tiffany on television . </P> <P> Desperate to know his parents , Glen tracks Chucky and Tiffany to Hollywood , to the prop room of Jennifer Tilly 's horror film , which includes the Chucky and Tiffany dolls . Glen uses a voodoo amulet to bring them back to life . Jennifer unwarily brings the inanimate - seeming Chucky , Tiffany , and Glen home with her . Glen asks his parents why they murder , as he feels violence is bad . Chucky replies that it helps them to relax , but Tiffany , feeling parental responsibility , agrees with Glen and forces Chucky to agree to stop killing people for the sake of their son . Chucky pretends to do so , crossing his fingers behind his back . </P> <P> Jennifer tries to get a role as the Virgin Mary in Redman 's directorial debut , and after he tells her she is not right for the part , she invites him to her house . Chucky and Tiffany make plans to transfer their souls into Redman and Jennifer . As Jennifer and Redman start to make love , Tiffany knocks them out and uses a turkey baster to inseminate Jennifer with Chucky 's semen . </P> <P> Chucky takes Glen on a car ride . After driving Britney Spears ' car off the road , killing her , they proceed to photographer Pete Peters ' darkroom . Peters had taken pictures of Tilly kissing Redman and of Chucky masturbating . When Glen tries to warn Peters that Chucky is about to attack , Peters bump into a shelf , causing a jar of sulphuric acid to fall into his head , accidentally killing him . Chucky , overjoyed with pride , believes Glen did this on purpose . </P> <P> Jennifer awakens the following morning , realizes that she is pregnant , and claims Redman is responsible When he denies this , Tiffany kills him . The next day , Jennifer is horrified to find herself with a fully pregnant belly , a consequence of the voodoo magic . Chucky captures Jennifer . Her chauffeur , Stan , serves as Chucky 's replacement body due to Redman 's death . Jennifer 's assistant Joan tries to help her , but she is killed by Glen 's murderous twin sister , Glenda , whose soul shares Glen 's body . Tiffany discovers this and smacks Glenda to bring back Glen , who is horrified at what has happened . </P> <P> After Jennifer gives birth to twins , a boy and a girl , m Tiffany rejects Chucky and resolves to take Glen with her . Chucky throws a knife at Tiffany , but Stan jumps in front of it to save her , causing him to be stabbed in his chest . As police arrive , the dolls flee . Jennifer is rushed to the hospital but claims she wants to see her babies . Tiffany drugs Jennifer and begins to possess her , but Chucky breaks in and kills Tiffany with an ax . Before Tiffany dies , she tells Glen not to make the same mistakes she and Chucky have . Devastated by his mother 's death , Glen snaps and challenges Chucky to a fight . Jennifer throws Chucky 's ax to Glen , and Glen impales Chucky . Chucky assumes it 's Glenda again , but Glen reveals it is actually him , finally able to kill in revenge for his mother 's death . He dismembers Chucky and suffers an emotional breakdown . </P> <P> Five years later , at a birthday party for Jennifer 's children Glen and Glenda , a nanny quits her job because Jennifer 's daughter Glenda scares her . Jennifer lets the nanny quit , only to kill her when she turns away . Jennifer 's eyes glow green , revealing that Tiffany was successful in possessing her . Glen has one more birthday present to open . When he does so , Chucky 's severed arm springs up to grab him . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Brad Dourif as the voice of Chucky </Li> <Li> Jennifer Tilly as herself / the voice of Tiffany </Li> <Li> Billy Boyd as the voice of Glen <Ul> <Li> Beans El - Balawi as Human Glen </Li> <Li> Kristina Hewitt as Human Glenda </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Redman as Himself </Li> <Li> Hannah Spearritt as Joan </Li> <Li> John Waters as Pete Peters </Li> <Li> Jason Flemyng as himself / Santa </Li> <Li> Steve Lawton as Stan </Li> <Li> Tony Gardner as himself </Li> <Li> Martha Stewart ( uncredited , archive footage ) as herself </Li> <Li> Rebecca Santos as Fulvia </Li> <Li> Keith - Lee Castle as Psychs </Li> <Li> Paul Grossman as Little Boy </Li> <Li> Simon James Morgan as Richard </Li> <Li> Stephanie Chambers as Claudia 's mom </Li> <Li> Betty Simons - Denville as Claudia </Li> <Li> Debbie Lee Carrington as herself ( DVD deleted scenes , uncredited ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The movie was filmed almost entirely on the Castel soundstages in Romania . All of the animatronic and makeup effects were the handiwork of Effects Designer Tony Gardner ( designer ) and his company Alterian , Inc . </P> <H2> Release and reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> Seed of Chucky opened at # 4 with $8,774,520 on November 12 -- 14 , 2004 . When the film closed on December 23 , 2004 , the domestic gross was $17,083,732 and $24,829,644 worldwide . </P> <P> In Australia , Seed of Chucky opened at # 8 with $260,958 for the week of February 6 -- 8 , 2005 behind Million Dollar Baby ( # 2 ) and Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( # 6 ) . In Australia , Seed of Chucky was distributed by United International Pictures . </P> <P> In France , Seed of Chucky opened at # 11 with $694,948 for the week of March 2 -- 8 , 2005 . It opened behind Le Couperet ( # 2 ) and the remake of Assault of Precinct 13 ( # 4 ) . In France , Seed of Chucky was distributed by SND Distribution . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom , Seed of Chucky opened at # 10 with $202,022 for the week of May 13 -- 15 , 2005 . It opened behind Monster - in - Law ( # 2 ) , The Jacket ( # 8 ) , and A Good Woman ( # 9 ) . In the United Kingdom , Seed of Chucky was distributed by Momentum Pictures . </P> <H3> Critical reception ( edit ) </H3> <P> On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds a Rotten 32 % rating based on 75 reviews , with 23 fresh ratings . On Metacritic , it has an average score of 46 , indicating mixed to average reviews . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` C + '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four stating , `` Seed of Chucky is actually two movies , one wretched , the other funny . '' </P> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <Table> List of awards and nominations <Tr> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Winner / Nominee </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fangoria Chainsaw Awards </Td> <Td> Best Actress </Td> <Td> Jennifer Tilly </Td> <Td> 3rd place </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Score </Td> <Td> Pino Donaggio </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MTV Movie Awards </Td> <Td> Best Frightened Performance </Td> <Td> Jennifer Tilly </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival </Td> <Td> Best Film </Td> <Td> Don Mancini </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> World Stunt Awards </Td> <Td> Best Fire Stunt </Td> <Td> Heather Phillips </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Overall Stunt by a Stunt Woman </Td> <Td> Heather Phillips </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Sequels ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was followed by Curse of Chucky in 2013 and Cult of Chucky in 2017 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Seed of Chucky at Box Office Mojo </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seed of Chucky ( 2004 ) - Box Office Mojo '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CinemaScore '' . cinemascore.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seed of Chucky '' . Chicago Sun - Times . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikiquote has quotations related to : Seed of Chucky </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Seed of Chucky on IMDb </Li> <Li> Seed of Chucky at AllMovie </Li> <Li> Seed of Chucky at Rotten Tomatoes </Li> <Li> Seed of Chucky at Box Office Mojo </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Chucky </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Child 's Play </Li> <Li> Child 's Play 2 </Li> <Li> Child 's Play 3 </Li> <Li> Bride of Chucky </Li> <Li> Seed of Chucky </Li> <Li> Curse of Chucky </Li> <Li> Cult of Chucky </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chucky </Li> <Li> Andy Barclay </Li> <Li> Tiffany Valentine </Li> <Li> Nica Pierce </Li> <Li> Kyle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chucky : Slash & Dash </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_of_Chucky&oldid=806758066 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2004 films </Li> <Li> English - language films </Li> <Li> 2004 horror films </Li> <Li> 2000s sequel films </Li> <Li> British films </Li> <Li> Romanian films </Li> <Li> Directorial debut films </Li> <Li> Films shot in Bucharest </Li> <Li> Films set in 2004 </Li> <Li> Films set in 2009 </Li> <Li> Films set in Los Angeles </Li> <Li> Metafictional works </Li> <Li> Parody films </Li> <Li> Pregnancy films </Li> <Li>

The voice of Chucky in Seed of Chucky is played by

Who plays the voice of chucky in seed of chucky?

851748373100995456

Blue Bloods ( season 8 ) - wikipedia <H1> Blue Bloods ( season 8 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Blue Bloods ( season 8 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 29 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of Blue Bloods episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The eighth season of Blue Bloods , a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess , premiered on CBS on September 29 , 2017 . The season is set to contain 22 episodes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cast </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes </Li> <Li> 3 Ratings </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <P> Donnie Wahlberg ( Danny Reagan ) , Bridget Moynahan ( Erin Reagan ) , Will Estes ( Jamie Reagan ) , and Len Cariou ( Henry Reagan ) are first credited . Then Sami Gayle ( Nicky Reagan - Boyle ) is credited next , marking the fourth season she has been included in the opening credits . Tom Selleck ( Frank Reagan ) receives an `` and '' billing at the close of the main title sequence . Amy Carlson ( Linda Reagan ) left between Seasons 7 and 8 . </P> <P> Marisa Ramirez , as Danny 's partner Detective Maria Baez , and Vanessa Ray , as Jamie 's partner Eddie Janko , continue to receive `` also starring '' billing for season 8 . Appearing regularly and receiving `` special guest star '' billing are Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore , Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley , and Abigail Hawk as Detective Abigail Baker , Frank 's primary aide . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 156 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Cutting Losses '' </Td> <Td> David M. Barrett </Td> <Td> Siobhan Byrne O'Connor </Td> <Td> September 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 29 ) </Td> <Td> 801 </Td> <Td> 10.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Erin pleads with Danny , who has been contemplating retirement since Linda 's death in a rescue helicopter crash , to help her with a case involving her ex-husband , Jack ( Peter Hermann ) who 's been attacked in his office . Jamie and Eddie go undercover as a couple to bust a shady drug dealer ; new mayor Margaret Dutton ( Lorraine Bracco ) butts heads with Frank . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 157 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Ghosts of the Past '' </Td> <Td> John Behring </Td> <Td> Kevin Riley </Td> <Td> October 6 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 803 </Td> <Td> 9.49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Frank receives an order from the mayor to attend the annual West Indies parade , which this year is honoring a man who served time for conspiring in an attack against the police . Meanwhile , Danny and Maria investigate the return of Selena Moore ( Caroline Pluta ) , who suspiciously disappeared as a teen 13 years ago . Also , Jamie and Eddie try to help a young woman they believe is being exploited by Congressman Richard Walters ( Richard Thomas ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 158 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Enemy of My Enemy '' </Td> <Td> Robert Harmon </Td> <Td> Ian Biederman </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 802 </Td> <Td> 8.98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Erin 's case against human trafficker Chao Lin ( Tia Carrere ) faces difficulty when the presiding judge falls off a roof to his death . Danny and Baez investigate , while also trying to protect a key witness for the prosecution . Elsewhere , Frank 's enhanced public safety initiative is opposed by Mayor Dutton , but gains a surprising ally , City Council Speaker Regina Thomas ( Whoopi Goldberg ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 159 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Out of the Blue '' </Td> <Td> David M. Barrett </Td> <Td> Brian Burns </Td> <Td> October 20 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> 804 </Td> <Td> 9.08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Danny and Baez work the case of a detective who was gunned down prior to testifying against a career criminal . Also , Frank personally investigates when Garrett is attacked by a SWAT team outside his home , and Erin brings in a confidential informant against Anthony 's wishes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 160 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` The Forgotten '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Allie Solomon </Td> <Td> October 27 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> 805 </Td> <Td> 8.29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Danny and Baez investigate the murder of a single mother whose ex-husband has a documented history of violence . Also , Frank deals with the fallout when Mayor Dutton eliminates solitary confinement in prisons , while Jamie 's effort to save a young woman who overdosed on heroin has unexpected consequences . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 161 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Brushed Off '' </Td> <Td> Eric Laneuville </Td> <Td> Daniel Truly </Td> <Td> November 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> 806 </Td> <Td> 9.27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When a famous basketball player is found dead of an apparent drug overdose , Danny and Maria look into his possible ties to a local drug gang . Also , Erin revisits the case of a man she may have wrongfully convicted nine years ago , and Frank is approached by Archbishop Kearns ( Stacey Keach ) regarding an eviction matter Jamie and Eddie are working on . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 162 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Common Ground '' </Td> <Td> David M. Barrett </Td> <Td> Siobhan Byrne O'Connor </Td> <Td> November 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 807 </Td> <Td> 9.94 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> A case turns personal for Danny when he works to protect a nurse , Faith Madson ( Jessie Mueller ) , from her violent ex-boyfriend . Meanwhile , Shelly Wayne ( Cassandra Freeman ) , an acquaintance of Frank 's , comes to him with a theory regarding the death of an inmate . Also , Jamie and Eddie help deliver a baby , only to learn that the mother and her family are undocumented immigrants living in deplorable conditions . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 163 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Pick Your Poison '' </Td> <Td> Heather Cappiello </Td> <Td> Kevin Wade </Td> <Td> November 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 808 </Td> <Td> 9.25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Eddie makes a questionable arrest of a man revealed to be a college acquaintance who once humiliated her in a frat house . Frank learns one of his best lieutenants tested positive for marijuana after a trip to Colorado , and gets caught between department regulations and Mayor Dutton 's stance on making pot legal . Meanwhile , Danny and Baez investigate a murder linked to a white supremacist group . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 164 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Pain Killers '' </Td> <Td> John Behring </Td> <Td> Ian Biederman </Td> <Td> December 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 809 </Td> <Td> 8.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> As Danny and Baez join a narcotics task force to track down a drug supplier at a prep school , Baez comes into contact with fentanyl and is soon fighting for her life from an accidental overdose . Also , Jamie and Eddie work to protect a rehabilitated sex offender whose neighbors are angry he lives in their apartment building , and Frank forms an unlikely alliance with Mayor Dutton when the Governor refuses to involve the NYPD during a major state trooper initiative . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 165 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Heavy Is the Head '' </Td> <Td> David M. Barrett </Td> <Td> Brian Burns </Td> <Td> December 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 810 </Td> <Td> 9.40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Erin is conflicted when Jamie and Eddie ask her to help drop old charges against a man , Parker Mack ( Spencer House ) , who just bravely rescued a woman from a local hostage situation . Meanwhile , Danny and Baez work a case involving car thieves and discover the leader is Victor Lugo ( Nick Cordero ) , a mobster they 've dealt with before . Also , Baker receives a job offer which Frank learns may have strings attached . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 166 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Second Chances '' </Td> <Td> Deran Sarafian </Td> <Td> Kevin Riley </Td> <Td> January 5 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 811 </Td> <Td> 9.98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When a journalist disappears while working on an exposé about an innocent man serving time for murder , Danny and Baez hope that reexamining the original case will help find her . Also , Frank reluctantly speaks out against an initiative led by Erin 's office to consider drug abuse as a disease first , and a crime second . Erin , who happens to be instrumental in destruction of a doctor 's life remains adamant , reverting to her narcissistic self and uses her arguing skills to twist words around to avoid the truth that she is guilty of it . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 167 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` The Brave '' </Td> <Td> Tom Moore </Td> <Td> Siobhan Byrne O'Connor </Td> <Td> January 12 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 812 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 168 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Erasing History '' </Td> <Td> Jane Raab </Td> <Td> Daniel Truly </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 813 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Cutting Losses '' </Td> <Td> September 29 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 1.1 / 5 </Td> <Td> 10.04 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 4.57 </Td> <Td> 1.8 </Td> <Td> 14.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Ghosts of the Past '' </Td> <Td> October 6 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 1.0 / 4 </Td> <Td> 9.49 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 4.18 </Td> <Td> 1.7 </Td> <Td> 13.67 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Enemy of My Enemy '' </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 4 </Td> <Td> 8.98 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 4.13 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 13.11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Out of the Blue '' </Td> <Td> October 20 , 2017 </Td> <Td> 0.9 / 4 </Td> <Td> 9.08 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 4.12 </Td> <Td> 1.6 </Td> <Td> 13.20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` The Forgotten

Season 8 of Blue Bloods starts on

When does season 8 for blue bloods start?

7372080505091857769

</Li> <Li> 2.3 Islands <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Aegean </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Ionian Islands </Li> <Li> 2.3. 3 Crete </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 Land use </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Environment </Li> <Li> 4 Gallery </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Climate ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Climate of Greece link = File : Greece % 27s_K % C3 % B6ppen_Climate_Types_Peel_et_al. _ % 282007 % 29. png <P> Greece 's climate is divided into three main classes : </P> <Ul> <Li> A Mediterranean climate features mild , wet winters and hot , dry summers . Temperatures rarely reach extremes , although snowfalls do occur occasionally even in Athens , Cyclades or Crete during the winter . </Li> <Li> An alpine climate is found primarily in Western Greece ( Epirus , Central Greece , Thessaly , Western Macedonia as well as central parts of the Peloponnese such as Achaea , Arkadia and parts of Lakonia ) . </Li> <Li> A temperate climate is found in Central and Eastern Macedonia and parts of Thrace , including Komotini , Xanthi and northern Evros . This climate is characterized by cold , damp winters and hot , dry summers . </Li> </Ul> <P> Greece 's largest island , Crete straddles two climatic zones , due to its geographical position and large size : the Mediterranean and the North African , mainly falling within the former . As such , the climate in Crete is primarily temperate . The atmosphere can be quite humid , depending on the proximity to the sea , while winter is fairly mild . Snowfall is common on the mountains between November and May , but rare in low - lying areas , especially near the coast . During the summer , average temperatures may reach the low 30s ° C , with maxima touching the mid 40s . The south coast of the island , including the Mesara Plain and Asterousia Mountains , falls in the North African climatic zone , and thus reaches higher temperatures throughout the year . In southern Crete , date palms bear fruit and swallows remain all year round , without migrating to Africa . </P> <H2> Physical geography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Greece is located in Southern Europe , bordering the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea , between Albania and Turkey . It is a peninsular country , with an archipelago of about 3,000 islands . </P> <P> It has a total area of 131,957 km ( 50,949 sq mi ) , of which land area is 130,647 km and internal waters ( lakes and rivers ) account for 1,310 km . Land boundaries with Albania ( 212 km ) , Republic of Macedonia ( 234 km ) , Bulgaria ( 472 km ) and Turkey ( 192 km ) measure approximately 1,110 km in total . Of the country 's total territory , 83.33 % or 110,496 km ( 42,663 sq mi ) is mainland territory and the rest 16.67 % or 21,461 km ( 8,286 sq mi ) is island territory . </P> <P> Greece 's coastline measures 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) . </P> <P> 80 % of Greece is mountainous . The Pindus mountain range lies across the center of the country in a northwest - to - southeast direction , with a maximum elevation of 2,637 m . Extensions of the same mountain range stretch across the Peloponnese and underwater across the Aegean , forming many of the Aegean Islands including Crete , and joining with the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey . Central and western Greece contain high and steep peaks intersected by many canyons and other karstic landscapes , including the Meteora and the Vikos Gorges -- the latter being the world 's deepest canyon in proportion to its width , and the third deepest after the Copper Canyon in Mexico and the Grand Canyon in the United States , plunging vertically for more than 1,100 metres . </P> <P> Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and the fourth highest in relative topographical prominence in Europe , rising to 2,919 m above sea level . The Rhodope Mountains form the border between Greece and Bulgaria ; that area is covered with vast and thick forests . </P> <P> Greece 's lowest point is sea level . </P> <P> Plains are found in eastern Thessaly , in central Macedonia and in Thrace . </P> <H3> Extremities of Greece ( edit ) </H3> <P> The extreme points of Greece are </P> <Ul> <Li> North : Ormenio village ( 41 ° 45 ′ 41 '' N , 26 ° 13 ′ 15 '' E ) </Li> <Li> South : Gavdos island ( 34 ° 48 ′ 11 '' N , 24 ° 07 ′ 25 '' E ) </Li> <Li> East : Strongyli island ( 36 ° 06 ′ 17 '' N , 29 ° 38 ′ 39 '' E ) </Li> <Li> West : Othonoi island ( 39 ° 51 ′ 11 '' N , 19 ° 22 ′ 41 '' E ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> </P> Macedonia Thessaly Sporades Islands Epirus Central Greece Thrace Peloponnese Attica Cyclades Dodecanese North Aegean Islands Crete Ionian Islands Albania Rep. Macedonia Bulgaria Turkey Mediterranean Sea Ionian - Sea Aegean - Sea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Regions of Greece </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ATHENS Thessaloniki Kavala -- - Thasos Alexandroupolis -- Samothrace Corfu Igoumenitsa Larissa Volos Ioannina Chalcis Patras Serres Kozani Florina Lamia Arta Agrinio Chania Kalamata Corinth Nafplion Sparta Piraeus Eleusina Lavrion Heraklion M. Olympus ( 2917 m ) Lefkada Kefalonia Zakynthos - Lemnos Lesbos Chios Samos Andros Tinos Mykonos Icaria -- Patmos Naxos Milos Santorini -- - Kos Rhodes Karpathos Kassos Kythira Gavdos Megisti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cities and islands of Greece </Td> </Tr> </Table> Greece 's cities , main towns , main rivers , islands and selected archaeological sites . <H3> Mainland ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mainland Greece forms the southernmost part of the Balkan peninsula with two additional smaller peninsulas projecting from it : the Chalcidice and the Peloponnese . The north of the country includes the regions of Macedonia and Thrace . To the south the mainland narrows and includes the regions of Epirus , Thessaly and Central Greece , where the region of Attica and the capital city Athens are located . Further south , the smaller peninsula of Peloponnese is separated from the rest of the Greek mainland by the Corinthian and Saronic Gulfs , but joined by the Isthmus of Corinth . </P> <P> Mainland Greece covers about 80 % of the total territory and is largely mountainous . The largest mountain range of Greece is the Pindus range , the southern extension of the Dinaric Alps , which forms the spine of the Greek mainland , separating Epirus from Thessaly and Macedonia . The country 's tallest mountain is Mount Olympus , which also separates Thessaly from Macedonia . Its highest peak rises to 2,919 m above sea level , making it the second highest of the Balkan peninsula after Musala in the Rila Mountains . </P> <H3> Islands ( edit ) </H3> Further information : List of islands of Greece <P> Greece has a vast number of islands , with most of them being in the Aegean Sea and the rest in the Ionian Sea . Estimates of the number of islands vary between 1,200 and 6,000 . A figure frequently cited in travel guides is 1,425 islands , of which 166 are said to be inhabited . The Greek Tourism Organization reports a figure of 6,000 , with 227 of them inhabited . Paris Match , however , raises this number to 9,841 islands , of which only 169 have a recorded continuous human presence . </P> <P> The Greek islands account for about 20 % of the country 's total territory , and vary greatly in size as well as in climate . The country 's largest island is Crete , with Euboea being second largest . Other large Greek islands include Rhodes and Lesbos in the Aegean Sea , and Corfu and Cephalonia in the Ionian Sea . Many of the smaller Greek islands form groups or chains , often called archipelagos , with notable examples being the Cyclades and the Sporades in the south and central Aegean Sea respectively . </P> Aegean ( edit ) Main articles : Aegean Islands , Aegean Sea , and List of Aegean Islands <P> The islands of the Aegean Sea are situated between mainland Greece to the west and north , Anatolia to the east and the island of Crete to the south . Traditionally , the islands are classified into seven groups , from north to south : </P> <Ul> <Li> North Aegean Islands </Li> <Li> Sporades </Li> <Li> Euboea </Li> <Li> Saronic Islands </Li> <Li> Cyclades </Li> <Li> Dodecanese ( Southern Sporades ) </Li> <Li> Crete </Li> </Ul> Ionian islands ( edit ) Main article : Ionian Islands <P> The Ionian Islands are a group of seven islands . The six northern islands lie off the western coast of Greece , in the Ionian Sea . The other island , Kythira , lies off the southern tip of the Peloponnese . Kythira is part of the modern administrative region of Attica , not the Ionian Islands ( Ionioi Nisoi ) . The Ionian Islands are distinct from the historical region of Ionia , which is today part of western Turkey . </P> Crete ( edit ) NASA photograph of Crete <P> Crete is the largest island of Greece and the second largest in the Eastern Mediterranean , after Cyprus . The island spans 260 km from east to west and 60 km from north to south at its widest . The island narrows in the region close to Ierapetra , where it is only 12 km wide . Crete covers an area of 8,336 km ( 3,219 sq mi ) , with a coastline of 1046 km . It is surrounded to the north by the Sea of Crete ; to the south by the Libyan Sea ; to the west by the Myrtoan Sea ; and to the east by the Karpathion Sea . It lies about 160 km south of the Greek mainland . </P> <P> Crete is characterized by a mountain range crossing from west to east , formed by three different subranges : </P> <Ul> <Li> The White Mountains or Lefka Ori ( 2,452 m ) ; </Li> <Li> The Idi Range ( Psiloritis ( 35 ° 11 ′ N 24 ° 49 ′ E  /  35.18 ° N 24.82 ° E  / 35.18 ; 24.82 ) 2,456 m ) ; </Li> <Li> The Dikti Mountains ( 2,148 m ) </Li> </Ul> <P> These encompass fertile plateaus , such as Lasithi , Omalos and Nidha ; caves such as Diktaion and Idaion ; and gorges such as the Samariá Gorge . The protected area of the Samariá Gorge is the home of the Cretan goat , or kri - kri , while the endangered Bearded vulture or lammergeyer lives in the Cretan mountains and gorges . </P> <P> Crete 's rivers include the Ieropotamos River in the southern part of the island . </P> <H3> Land use ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Arable land : 19.71 % </Li> <Li> Permanent crops : 8.95 % </Li> <Li> Other : 71.37 % ( 2012 est . ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Irrigated land : 15,550 km ( 2007 ) </P> <H2> Environment ( edit ) </H2> Map of earthquakes in Greece and adjacent countries 1900 - 2017 <P> Greece 's natural hazards include severe earthquakes , floods , droughts and wildfires . Current environmental issues include air pollution and water pollution . </P> <P> Greece is party to the following international agreements : </P> <P> Air Pollution , Air Pollution - Nitrogen Oxides , Air Pollution - Sulphur 94 , Antarctic - Environmental Protocol , Antarctic Treaty , Biodiversity , Climate Change , Desertification , Endangered Species , Environmental Modification , Hazardous Wastes , Law

Mainland Greece is a body of land with water on three sides, specifically a

Mainland greece is a body of land with water on three sides called?

-5541770295102028548

History of South America - wikipedia <H1> History of South America </H1> Jump to : navigation , search See also : History of Latin America <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> 1892 map of South America European states claimed sovereignty over South America , 1700 <P> The history of South America is the study of the past , particularly the written record , oral histories , and traditions , passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America . South America has a history that has a wide range of human cultures and forms of civilization . The Norte Chico civilization in Peru is the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the first six independent civilizations in the world ; it was contemporaneous with the Egyptian pyramids . It predated the Mesoamerican Olmec by nearly two millennia . </P> <P> While millennia of independent development were interrupted by the Portuguese and Spanish colonization of the late 15th century and the demographic collapse that followed , the continent 's mestizo and indigenous cultures remain quite distinct from those of their colonizers . Through the trans - Atlantic slave trade , South America ( especially Brazil ) became the home of millions of people of the African diaspora . The mixing of races led to new social structures . </P> <P> The tensions between colonial countries in Europe , indigenous peoples , and escaped slaves shaped South America from the 16th through the 19th centuries . With the revolution for independence from the Spanish crown achieved during the 19th century , South America underwent yet more social and political changes . These have included nation building projects , absorbing waves of immigration from Europe in the late 19th and 20th centuries , dealing with increased international trade , colonization of hinterlands , and wars about territory ownership and power balance . During this period there has also been reorganization of Indian rights and duties , subjugation of Indians living in the states ' frontiers , that lasted until the early 1900s ; liberal - conservative conflicts among the ruling classes , and major demographic and environmental changes accompanying development of sensitive habitats . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Prehistory </Li> <Li> 2 Pre-Columbian era <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Agriculture and domestication of animals </Li> <Li> 2.2 Human activity <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Norte Chico </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Cañari </Li> <Li> 2.4 Chibchan Nations <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Muisca </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 Amazon </Li> <Li> 2.6 Andean civilizations <Ul> <Li> 2.6. 1 Chavín </Li> <Li> 2.6. 2 Moche </Li> <Li> 2.6. 3 Tiwanaku </Li> <Li> 2.6. 4 Inca </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.7 Arawac and Carib civilizations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 European colonization </Li> <Li> 4 17th and 18th centuries </Li> <Li> 5 Independence and 19th century </Li> <Li> 6 20th century <Ul> <Li> 6.1 1900 -- 1920 </Li> <Li> 6.2 1930 -- 1960 </Li> <Li> 6.3 Economics </Li> <Li> 6.4 Cold War </Li> <Li> 6.5 Late 20th century military regimes and revolutions </Li> <Li> 6.6 Washington Consensus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 21st century <Ul> <Li> 7.1 A turn to the left </Li> <Li> 7.2 Pink tide </Li> <Li> 7.3 Politics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Historiography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Bibliography <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Prehistory </Li> <Li> 11.2 Muisca </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Prehistory ( edit ) </H2> Aerial view of the Amazon rainforest , near Manaus Main article : Pre-Columbian South America Paleogeography of northern South America around 105 Ma <P> In the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic eras , South America and Africa were connected in a landmass called Gondwana , as part of the supercontinent Pangaea . In the Albian , around 110 Ma , South America and Africa began to diverge along the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge , giving rise to a landmass of Antarctica and South America . During the late Eocene , around 35 Ma , Antarctica and South America separated and South America became a massive , biologically rich island - continent . During approximately 30 million years , the biodiversity of South America was isolated from the rest of the world , leading to evolution of species within the continent . </P> <P> In the last million years since the Late Miocene , South America became connected with the continent of North America via the Panama Block that closed the marine Bolivar Trough , leading to the Great American Interchange , the interchange of biota from both continents . The first species discovered to have made the northward migration was Pliometanastes , a fossil ground sloth species , roughly the size of a modern black bear . Several migrations to the Southern Hemisphere were undertaken by tougher , North American mammal carnivores ; fewer species migrated in the opposite direction from south to north . The result of the intrusion of North American fauna was that hundreds of South American species became extinct in a relatively short time and that about 60 % of present - day South American mammals have evolved from North American species . However , some species were able to adapt and spread into North America . Apart from Pliometanastes , during the Irvingtonian stage of the mammal land stages , around 1.9 Ma , species as Pampatherium , a giant armadillo , ground sloth Megatherium , giant anteater Myrmecophaga , a Neogene capybara ( Hydrochoerus ) , Meizonyx , opossum Didelphis , and Mixotoxodon followed the route north . The terror bird Titanis was the only discovered South American carnivore species who made the journey into North America . </P> <H2> Pre-Columbian era ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Pre-Columbian South America <H3> Agriculture and domestication of animals ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Americas are thought to have been first inhabited by people from eastern Asia who crossed the Bering Land Bridge to present - day Alaska ; the land separated and the continents are divided by the Bering Strait . Over the course of millennia , three waves of migrants spread to all parts of the Americas . Genetic and linguistic evidence has shown that the last wave of migrant peoples settled across the northern tier , and did not reach South America . </P> <P> The first evidence for the existence of agricultural practices in South America dates back to circa 6500 BCE , when potatoes , chilies and beans began to be cultivated for food in the Amazon Basin . Pottery evidence suggests that manioc , which remains a staple foodstuff today , was being cultivated as early as 2000 BCE . </P> <P> South American cultures began domesticating llamas and alpacas in the highlands of the Andes circa 3500 BCE . These animals were used for both transportation and meat ; their fur was shorn or collected to use to make clothing . Guinea pigs were also domesticated as a food source at this time . </P> <P> By 2000 BCE , many agrarian village communities had developed throughout the Andes and the surrounding regions . Fishing became a widespread practice along the coast , with fish being the primary source of food for those communities . Irrigation systems were also developed at this time , which aided in the rise of agrarian societies . The food crops were quinoa , corn , lima beans , common beans , peanuts , manioc , sweet potatoes , potatoes , oca and squashes . Cotton was also grown and was particularly important as the only major fiber crop . </P> <P> The earliest permanent settlement , dated to 3500 BC by ceramic dating , is the Valdivia on the coast of Ecuador . Other groups also formed permanent settlements . Among those groups were the Muisca or `` Muysca , '' and the Tairona , located in present - day Colombia . The Cañari of Ecuador , Quechua of Peru , and Aymara of Bolivia were the three most important Indian peoples who developed societies of sedentary agriculture in South America . </P> <P> In the last two thousand years , there may have been contact by Polynesians who sailed to and from the continent across the South Pacific Ocean . The sweet potato , which originated in South America , spread through some areas of the Pacific . There is no genetic legacy of human contact . </P> <H3> Human activity ( edit ) </H3> Members of an uncontacted tribe encountered in the Brazilian state of Acre in 2009 <P> Based on archaeological evidence from an excavation at Caverna da Pedra Pintada , human inhabitants first settled in the Amazon region at least 11,200 years ago . Subsequent human development led to late - prehistoric settlements along the periphery of the forest that caused alterations in the forest cover by 1250 CE . </P> Geoglyphs on deforested land in the Amazon rainforest , Acre <P> For a long time it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated , as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil . Archaeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea , as described in her book Amazonia : Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise . She claimed that a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 0.52 / sq mi ) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting , with agriculture needed to support a larger population . However , recent archaeological findings have suggested that the region was actually densely populated . From the 1970s , numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between 0 -- 1250 CE , leading to claims about Pre-Columbian civilisations . The BBC 's Unnatural Histories claimed that the Amazon rainforest , rather than being a pristine wilderness , has been shaped by man for at least 11,000 years through practices such as forest gardening . Recent anthropological findings have suggested that the region was actually densely populated . Some 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in 1500 CE , divided between dense coastal settlements , such as that at Marajó , and inland dwellers . </P> Norte Chico ( edit ) Caral <P> On the north - central coast of present - day Peru , the Norte Chico civilization emerged as one of six civilizations to develop independently in the world . It was roughly contemporaneous with the Egyptian pyramids . It preceded the civilization of Mesoamerica by two millennia . It is believed to have been the only civilization dependent on fishing rather than agriculture to support its population . </P> <P> The Caral Supe complex is one of the larger Norte Chico sites and has been dated to 27th century BCE . It is noteworthy for having absolutely no signs of warfare . It was contemporary with urbanism 's rise in Mesopotamia . </P> <H3> Cañari ( edit ) </H3> Ingapirca , Ecuador , Caħari ruins : astronomical stone ( left ) , tomb ( right ) and reconstructed house ( background ) <P> The Cañari were the indigenous natives of today 's Ecuadorian provinces of Cañar and Azuay at the time of European contact . They were an elaborate civilization with advanced architecture and religious belief . Most of their remains were either burned or destroyed from attacks by the Inca and later the Spaniards . Their old city `` Guapondelig '' , was replaced twice , first by the Incan city of Tomipamba , and later by the colonial city of Cuenca . The city was believed by the Spanish to be the site of El Dorado , the city of gold from the mythology of Colombia . </P> <P> The Cañari were most notable in having

South America took on its modern form

When did south america take form that it has today?

-5715486737703688206

The Jungle Book - wikipedia <H1> The Jungle Book </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see The Jungle Book ( disambiguation ) . <Table> The Jungle Book <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Embossed cover of first edition with artwork by John Lockwood Kipling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Rudyard Kipling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Illustrator </Th> <Td> John Lockwood Kipling ( Rudyard 's father ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> The Jungle Books </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Children 's book </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Macmillan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1894 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> `` In the Rukh '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> The Second Jungle Book </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Jungle Book ( 1894 ) is a collection of stories by English author Rudyard Kipling . The stories are fables , using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons . A principal character is the boy or `` man - cub '' Mowgli , who is raised in the jungle by wolves . Other characters include Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear . The book has been adapted many times for film and other media . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Context </Li> <Li> 2 Book <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Description </Li> <Li> 2.2 Origins </Li> <Li> 2.3 Chapters </Li> <Li> 2.4 Characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Adaptations in other media <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Books </Li> <Li> 4.2 Audio </Li> <Li> 4.3 Comic books </Li> <Li> 4.4 Films and television </Li> <Li> 4.5 Theatre </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Context </H2> <P> The stories were first published in magazines in 1893 -- 94 . The original publications contain illustrations , some by the author 's father , John Lockwood Kipling . Rudyard Kipling was born in India and spent the first six years of his childhood there . After about ten years in England , he went back to India and worked there for about six - and - a-half years . These stories were written when Kipling lived in Naulakha , the home he built in Dummerston , Vermont , in the United States . There is evidence that Kipling wrote the collection of stories for his daughter Josephine , who died from pneumonia in 1899 , aged 6 ; a rare first edition of the book with a handwritten note by the author to his young daughter was discovered at the National Trust 's Wimpole Hall in Cambridgeshire , England , in 2010 . </P> <H2> Book </H2> <H3> Description </H3> <P> The tales in the book ( as well as those in The Second Jungle Book , which followed in 1895 and includes five further stories about Mowgli ) are fables , using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to teach moral lessons . The verses of `` The Law of the Jungle '' , for example , lay down rules for the safety of individuals , families , and communities . Kipling put in them nearly everything he knew or `` heard or dreamed about the Indian jungle '' . Other readers have interpreted the work as allegories of the politics and society of the time . </P> <H3> Origins </H3> <P> A letter written and signed by Rudyard Kipling in 1895 was put up for auction in 2013 by Andrusier . In this letter , Kipling confesses to borrowing ideas and stories in the Jungle Book : `` I am afraid that all that code in its outlines has been manufactured to meet ' the necessities of the case ' : though a little of it is bodily taken from ( Southern ) Esquimaux rules for the division of spoils , '' Kipling wrote in the letter . `` In fact , it is extremely possible that I have helped myself promiscuously but at present can not remember from whose stories I have stolen . '' </P> <H3> Chapters </H3> <P> The book is arranged with a story in each chapter . Each story is followed by a poem that serves as an epigram . </P> <Table> Contents <Tr> <Th> Story </Th> <Th> Description </Th> <Th> Epigrammatic poem </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mowgli 's Brothers </Td> <Td> A boy is raised by Indian wolves in the Indian jungle with the help of Baloo the bear and Bagheera the black panther , and then has to fight the tiger Shere Khan . This story has also been published as a short book in its own right : Night - Song in the Jungle . </Td> <Td> `` Hunting - Song of the Seeonee Pack '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kaa 's Hunting </Td> <Td> This story takes place before Mowgli fights Shere Khan . When Mowgli is abducted by the Bandar - logs , Baloo and Bagheera set out to rescue him with the aid of Chil the kite and Kaa the python . </Td> <Td> `` Road Song of the Bandar - Log '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tiger ! Tiger ! </Td> <Td> Mowgli returns to the human village and is adopted by Messua and her husband who believe him to be their long - lost son Nathoo . But he has trouble adjusting to human life , and Shere Khan still wants to kill him . The story 's title is taken from the poem `` The Tyger '' by William Blake . </Td> <Td> `` Mowgli 's Song '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The White Seal </Td> <Td> Kotick , a rare white - furred northern fur seal , searches for a new home for his people , where they will not be hunted by humans . Many names in the story are Russian , as the Pribilof Islands had been bought ( with Alaska ) by the United States in 1867 , and Kipling had access to books about the islands . </Td> <Td> `` Lukannon '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rikki - Tikki - Tavi </Td> <Td> Rikki - Tikki the mongoose defends a human family living in India against a pair of cobras . This story has also been published as a short book . </Td> <Td> `` Darzee 's Chaunt '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Toomai of the Elephants </Td> <Td> Toomai , a ten - year - old boy who helps to tend working elephants , is told that he will never be a full - fledged elephant - handler until he has seen the elephants dance . This story has also been published as a short book . </Td> <Td> `` Shiv and the Grasshopper '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Her Majesty 's Servants </Td> <Td> On the night before a military parade , a British soldier eavesdrops on a conversation between the camp animals . </Td> <Td> `` Parade - Song of the Camp Animals '' is set to the tunes of several well - known songs . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Characters </H3> Main article : List of The Jungle Book characters <P> Many of the characters are named simply for the Hindi names of their species : for example , Baloo is a transliteration of Hindi भालू Bhālū , `` bear '' . </P> <Ul> <Li> Akela -- An Indian wolf </Li> <Li> Bagheera -- A black panther </Li> <Li> Baloo -- A bear </Li> <Li> Bandar - log -- A tribe of monkeys </Li> <Li> Chil -- A kite , in earlier editions called Rann ( रण Raṇ , `` battle '' ) </Li> <Li> Chuchundra -- A muskrat </Li> <Li> Darzee -- A tailorbird </Li> <Li> Father Wolf -- The father wolf who raised Mowgli as his own cub </Li> <Li> Grey brother -- One of Mother and Father Wolf 's cubs </Li> <Li> Hathi -- An Indian elephant </Li> <Li> Ikki -- An Asiatic brush - tailed porcupine ( mentioned only ) </Li> <Li> Kaa -- A reticulated python </Li> <Li> Karait -- A common krait </Li> <Li> Kotick -- A white seal </Li> <Li> Mang -- A bat </Li> <Li> Mor -- An Indian peafowl </Li> <Li> Mowgli -- Main character , the young jungle boy </Li> <Li> Nag -- A male black cobra </Li> <Li> Nagaina -- A female king cobra , Nag 's mate </Li> <Li> Raksha -- The Mother wolf who raised Mowgli as her own cub </Li> <Li> Rikki - Tikki - Tavi -- An Indian mongoose </Li> <Li> Sea Catch -- A northern fur seal and Kotick 's father </Li> <Li> Sea Cow -- A Steller 's sea cow </Li> <Li> Sea Vitch -- A walrus </Li> <Li> Shere Khan -- A royal Bengal tiger </Li> <Li> Tabaqui -- An Indian jackal who is Shere Khan 's sidekick . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception </H2> <P> Sayan Mukherjee , writing for the Book Review Circle , calls The Jungle Book `` One of the most enjoyable books of my childhood and even in adulthood , highly informative as to the outlook of the British on their ' native population ' . '' </P> <P> The Jungle Book came to be used as a motivational book by the Cub Scouts , a junior element of the Scouting movement . This use of the book 's universe was approved by Kipling at the request of Robert Baden - Powell , founder of the Scouting movement , who had originally asked for the author 's permission for the use of the Memory Game from Kim in his scheme to develop the morale and fitness of working - class youths in cities . Akela , the head wolf in The Jungle Book , has become a senior figure in the movement ; the name is traditionally adopted by the leader of each Cub Scout pack . </P> <H2> Adaptations in other media </H2> <H3> Books </H3> <P> Robert Heinlein got the idea for his science fiction novel , Stranger in a Strange Land ( 1961 ) , when he and his wife , Virginia , were brainstorming one evening in 1948 ; she suggested a new version of Kipling 's The Jungle Book ( 1894 ) , but with a child raised by Martians instead of wolves , and he decided to go further with the idea and worked on the story on and off for more than a decade . In 1962 , it received the Hugo Award for Best Novel . </P> <P> Neil Gaiman 's The Graveyard Book ( 2008 ) is inspired by The Jungle Book . It follows a baby boy who is found and brought up by the dead in a cemetery . It has many scenes that can be directly linked back to Kipling , but with Gaiman 's dark twist . Mr. Gaiman has spoken in some detail about this on his website . </P> <H3> Audio </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jungle Book cycle ( 1958 ) , was written by the Australian composer Percy Grainger , an avid Kipling reader </Li> <Li> The Jungle Book , a BBC Radio adaptation first broadcast on 14 February 1994 and released as a BBC audiobook in 2008 , was directed by Chris Wallis with a cast that includes Nisha K. Nayar as Mowgli , Eartha Kitt as Kaa , Freddie Jones as Baloo , and Jonathan Hyde as Bagheera , with music by John Mayer </Li> </Ul> <H3> Comic books </H3> <P> The book 's text has often been edited or adapted for younger readers , and there have been several comic book adaptations : </P> <Ul> <Li> The DC Comics Elseworlds ' story , `` Superman : The Feral Man of Steel '' , alludes to the Jungle Book stories . The infant Superman , like Mowgli , is raised by wolves . Bagheera , Akela , and Shere Khan make appearances . </Li> <Li> Marvel Comics published several Jungle Book adaptations by Mary

The Jungle Book story originated from

Where did the jungle book story come from?

-1057147240720779888

Stefan Salvatore - wikipedia <H1> Stefan Salvatore </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Stefan Salvatore </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Vampire Diaries character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Novels : The Awakening Television : `` Pilot '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last appearance </Th> <Td> Novels : The Salvation : Ummasked Television : `` I Was Feeling Epic '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> L.J. Smith </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Paul Wesley Sawyer Bell ( 10 years old ) Luke Judy ( Little Kid ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Vampire ( Seasons 1 - 8 ) Human ( Season 8 ) Doppelgänger ( Season 5 - 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Male </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <P> High school student ( Seasons 1 - 4 ) </P> Automobile repairman ( Season 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Giuseppe Salvatore ( father ) Lillian ( Lily ) Salvatore ( mother ) Damon Salvatore ( brother ) Caroline Forbes - Salvatore ( wife ) Zach Salvatore ( nephew ) Silas ( ancestor ) Tom Avery ( doppelgänger of ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significant other ( s ) </Th> <Td> Katherine Pierce ( ex-girlfriend ) Valerie Tulle ( ex-girlfriend ) Rebekah Mikaelson ( few encounters ) Elena Gilbert ( ex - girlfriend / friend ) Caroline Forbes ( wife ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relatives </Th> <Td> Silas ( Doppelgänger of ) Sarah Salvatore ( great - niece ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> American </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Status </Th> <Td> Deceased </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Stefan Salvatore is a fictional character from L.J. Smith 's novel series The Vampire Diaries . He is portrayed by Paul Wesley in the television series of the same name . Born on November 5 , 1846 , Stefan was turned into a vampire in 1864 , at the age of 17 , by Katherine Pierce , with his brother Damon Salvatore . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting and reception </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Relationships </Li> <Li> 2.3 Blood addiction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Television series <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Backstory </Li> <Li> 3.2 Storyline <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Season 1 - 3 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Season 4 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Season 5 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Season 6 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting and reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> On March 27 , 2009 , The Hollywood Reporter announced that Paul Wesley had joined the cast of The Vampire Diaries as Stefan . He was the last main cast member whose casting was announced . Wesley has become popular with viewers . Carina MacKenzie of the Los Angeles Times noted that he spent `` 10 years as a successful but under - the - radar TV actor '' but shortly after the show premiered , he was `` everywhere '' . MacKenzie wrote : `` Last summer his face was on more than 30 `` Vampire Diaries '' posters at the Century City / Westfield mall alone , not to mention billboards over seemingly every major boulevard in Hollywood `` . In November 2011 , Wesley 's ex-wife Torrey DeVitto joined the cast of The Vampire Diaries in the recurring role of Dr. Meredith Fell , who is `` intrigued by '' Alaric Saltzman ( Matt Davis ) . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> <P> Stefan was described as a `` beautiful young man '' who turns out to be a Vampire 162 years old , who develops a `` strong connection '' with `` tragic heroine '' Elena Gilbert ( Nina Dobrev ) . Wesley described the young Stefan as `` naive and willing to ride whatever wave life threw '' him , because he was `` easily manipulated '' and `` innocent '' with a `` beautiful young soul '' . However , Stefan at the age of 160 years has more wisdom in him . Stefan consumes animal blood , refusing to kill humans due to the guilt that he killed his own father . However , Damon on the other hand , does feed on humans . </P> <H3> Relationships ( edit ) </H3> <P> Stefan has a love - hate relationship with his brother , Damon Salvatore ( Ian Somerhalder ) . Wesley `` adores '' Somerhalder , who he said he has `` natural chemistry '' with . Wesley stated : `` The dynamic of the characters is so interesting because they love each other , but they hate each other ( ... ) There 's always this thing in Stefan 's head where he hopes that one day Damon can just be as normal and functioning as possible '' . However , he also described their relationship as `` beautiful '' in their flashbacks from the past , because they `` loved each other so much back then '' . Stefan begins a romance with Elena on the show 's first episode , without telling her he was a vampire . She was later shocked to find out that he was a vampire , and briefly ended their relationship before getting back together . As the show progressed , Elena began developing feelings for Damon as well . Wesley described Damon and Stefan as having a `` silent understanding of the fact that they both are in love with the same girl '' , and `` that was Stefan 's girl , and now Damon is suddenly a real factor , he 's really in the picture '' . Wesley 's favorite episode of The Vampire Diaries is `` The Turning Point '' because it was `` really beautiful '' for Stefan and Elena as a couple . In the episode , Stefan turns around `` because he 's ashamed of his face '' with blood rushing through his eyes and his veins popping out . Wesley said `` he 's terrified , and he hates himself for it . He runs from that part of himself , but she turns him around and tells him not to be afraid . She touches his face , and she thinks he 's beautiful . It 's so intimate , that moment , because she accepts the darkest part of him . '' </P> Wesley with Nina Dobrev ( Elena ) and Ian Somerhalder ( Damon ) . <P> When the original vampire Klaus Mikaelson ( Joseph Morgan ) is feared dead , it is revealed that everyone in his bloodline will die , including Stefan and Damon . In what International Business Times called `` the moment Vampire Diaries fans have been waiting for '' , Elena had to pick to say goodbye to Stefan or Damon . She ended up choosing Stefan . When Elena became a vampire , her feelings for Damon heightened , and it was later revealed that she had a sired bond to him . Elena and Stefan broke up , and she began a romance with Damon . Stefan became heartbroken , feeling angry and betrayed , and lashed out at Damon and Elena . Wesley urged fans of Stefan and Elena not to lose hope , stating : `` The fans should definitely maintain some hope . The thing to remember is that Stefan and Elena have this love that is so strong , and it was sort of the core of Season 1 -- you ca n't entirely disregard that '' . The show 's head writer , Julie Plec , said `` They love each other as deeply as two people can love each other , but that does n't mean that their relationship is infallible '' . </P> <H3> Blood addiction ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1864 , Stefan `` had n't yet learned the careful control that rules his life now '' and was an avid consumer of human blood , which was considered a `` dark past '' by Zap2it . Of his blood addiction , Wesley said : `` It 's awesome . It 's a drug . He 's a drug addict . I get to play a drug addict , which I love . I 'm going back to his days of usage , heavy usage . When I 'm in my lustful state , it 's so much fun . I felt like I got to play a role that I 'd never played before . I felt like I was doing something different . I just love it , and I hope it comes out the way that I envisioned . '' The show 's executive producer Kevin Williamson revealed that he was `` looking forward to Stefan eventually falling off the wagon and drinking human blood again '' after spending decades of consuming only animal blood . Wesley said `` everybody has a dark side , especially a vampire , and it 'd be unrealistic not to explore that '' . Stefan became addicted to human blood again , but got it under control with the help of Elena , who began letting him feed off her in small amounts to build up discipline . </P> <P> However , in the show 's third season , Stefan 's addiction returned . His humanity was taken away by Klaus , and the audience met `` The Ripper '' , his `` bloodthirsty , ruthless alter - ego who had previously only been legend '' according to Zap2it , who found `` this sociopath version of our hero far more compelling than his usual compassionate martyr self '' . Wesley , who enjoyed `` Ripper Stefan '' more , said it `` bums me out '' when Stefan quit human blood again . He said `` Good Stefan does n't feel as natural in terms of what I want to be doing on screen , and what I want to be saying . I feel a little stifled , myself , whenever he 's resisting the urge to do vampiresque things . '' </P> <H2> Television series ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Backstory ( edit ) </H3> <P> Stefan Salvatore was born on November 5 , 1846 and raised in Mystic Falls , Virginia to Giuseppe Salvatore and Lily Salvatore . Stefan is the younger brother of Damon . When Stefan and Damon were human , they were very close and were best friends in life . Damon always confided and trusted in Stefan and they always defended each other , especially to their father , and was fiercely loyal to him . However , this all seemed to change when Stefan and Damon fell in love with the same girl , Katherine Pierce , who turned out to be a vampire . Stefan fell deeply in love with Katherine before finding out she was a vampire . Katherine , however , compelled Stefan to not be afraid , also to keep her secret and go on as they were . It was also revealed that Katherine compelled Stefan to drink her vampire blood against his will . Damon , on the other hand , drank Katherine 's blood willingly , wanting and desiring the immortal life in order to spend an eternity with Katherine . In 1864 , Stefan was turned into a vampire after being shot by his father , Giuseppe , along with his brother , Damon with Katherine 's blood in his system , before accidentally killing his father during a visit to tell him that he was going to let himself die . Damon , who turned into a vampire as well , promised Stefan an eternity of misery as he was angry that Stefan had forced him to turn and jealous that Katherine had also turned Stefan . A newborn vampire with uncontrollable blood lust , Stefan was unable to resist the temptations of human

In the Vampire Diaries, Stefan marries

Who does stefan marry in the vampire diaries?

8716036537902940906

Middle - earth : Shadow of Mordor - wikipedia <H1> Middle - earth : Shadow of Mordor </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Shadows of Mordor . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Middle - earth : Shadow of Mordor </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Monolith Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael de Plater </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Forgey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Roberts Chris Hoge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Phil Straub </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Christian Cantamessa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Garry Schyman Nathan Grigg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine </Th> <Td> LithTech </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> Linux Microsoft Windows OS X PlayStation 3 PlayStation 4 Xbox 360 Xbox One </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> September 30 , 2014 ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 , Xbox One <Ul> <Li> NA : September 30 , 2014 </Li> <Li> EU : October 3 , 2014 </Li> <Li> AU : October 8 , 2014 </Li> <Li> JP : December 25 , 2014 </Li> </Ul> PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 <Ul> <Li> NA : November 18 , 2014 </Li> <Li> EU : November 21 , 2014 </Li> <Li> AU : November 26 , 2014 </Li> <Li> JP : March 5 , 2015 </Li> </Ul> Linux , OS X July 30 , 2015 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Action - adventure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Single - player </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Middle - earth : Shadow of Mordor is an open world action - adventure video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment . The game was released for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014 . It is the second game set on Middle - earth to be rated Mature by the ESRB , after The Lord of the Rings : War in the North . </P> <P> An original story set in the legendarium created by J.R.R. Tolkien , the game takes place between the events of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings . The player controls Talion , a Ranger who bonds with the wraith of the Elf Lord Celebrimbor , as the two set out to avenge the deaths of their loved ones . Players can engage in melee combat , and use wraith abilities to fight and manipulate enemies . The game introduces the Nemesis System , which allows the artificial intelligence of non-playable characters to remember the deaths of the game 's protagonist and react accordingly . </P> <P> The game 's development began in 2011 . In order to create an accurate environment and be consistent with Tolkien 's books , the developers consulted many people from Warner Brothers , as well as Peter Jackson , director of the Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film trilogies . They also received assistance from Weta Workshop , who advised on the special effects . Monolith focused on the development of the PC , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One versions , while the development of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions was outsourced to Behaviour Interactive . </P> <P> Middle - earth : Shadow of Mordor received critical acclaim upon release . Most praise was directed at its combat , open - world design , and the Nemesis System . Some criticism was aimed at the game 's story and boss battles . Shadow of Mordor marked the biggest launch for a game based upon Tolkien 's universe , and would go on to win several awards from video gaming publications , including Game of the Year in 2015 . The game was supported by downloadable content upon release . A sequel , Middle - earth : Shadow of War , was released in October 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Gameplay <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Nemesis system </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Setting </Li> <Li> 2.2 Plot </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Development </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4.2 Sales </Li> <Li> 4.3 Controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 Sequel </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Gameplay ( edit ) </H2> <P> Middle - earth : Shadow of Mordor is a third - person open world action - adventure video game , where the player controls a ranger by the name of Talion who seeks revenge on the forces of Sauron after his family , consisting of his wife and son , are killed by those that lead them . Players can travel across locations in the game through parkour , riding monsters , or accessing Forge Towers , which serve as fast travel points . Though Talion is mortally felled in the game 's introduction , the wraith of the Elven Lord Celebrimbor is able to use his power to keep Talion alive , along with gifting him wraith - like abilities to exact his revenge . Missions in the game feature main story missions that follow Talion 's quest for revenge , side missions that involve following Gollum as to find artifacts that are tied to Celebrimbor 's past , missions to free the human slaves that have been captured by the Uruk armies and forced to work for Sauron , and additional quests to help forge new abilities for Talion 's sword , bow , and dagger . The player also has the freedom to pursue side quests and roam around Mordor , with special activities to collect specific flora or to hunt certain creatures , or to find old artifacts or Elvish seals . Completing quests earns the player a number of rewards : experience points that are used to unlock new abilities for the player from both Talion 's ranger and Celebrimbor 's wraith skills , a Power value that allows the player to access more powerful abilities to unlock , and an in - game currency called `` Mirian '' that the player can use to improve Talion 's health , wraith skill capacity , or forge new slots on his weapons to add additional runes ( as described in the Nemesis System below ) . </P> <P> In completing missions , the player can have Talion engage in melee , ranged combat , and stealth approaches , with some missions rewarding the player more for completing the mission in a specific manner . Talion 's ranger abilities are enhanced through Celebrimbor , allowing the player to mix combat with special focus - based attacks ; these latter attacks can be used to slow time down while aiming with the bow , drain focus out of an enemy foe , or , later in the game , brand the foe to become an ally of Talion . The combat system uses an attack - chain system that enables the player to perform special moves after building the chain to a large enough value , such as instantly draining a foe of focus or performing an area focus attack . With the combat system , they can also counter and dodge attacks . Stealth is a critical element in some missions ; several areas are considered Strongholds and should Talion 's presence be discovered , an alarm will sound and more Uruks will arrive to try to kill him . </P> <H3> Nemesis system ( edit ) </H3> Gameplay screenshot of Middle - Earth : Shadow of Mordor showcasing the nemesis system <P> A core feature of Shadow of Mordor is the Nemesis system . The game can track any Uruk ( A `` nastier orc , '' the general antagonists of the game ) that the player comes into contact with . While there are `` generic '' Uruk for the player to fight en masse , and will be as cannon fodder as part of Sauron 's armies , the game will begin tracking Uruk that perform any notable talents within the game , such as killing the player , or surviving an encounter with the player . These Uruk will be promoted into captains . Defeating these leaders will help to weaken Sauron 's army , and these leaders will drop a rune which the player can install on Talion 's weapons to provide additional buffs in battle . Alternatively , being killed by a leader will cause the current mission to be cancelled and the player returned to a safe point to continue exploring , and the leader will gain additional power , making him more difficult to defeat in the next encounter . If the procedurally generated Orcs survive an encounter with Talion , they will also be promoted . Further , such deaths are tracked through online servers , and the player 's friends on the various network services will be notified of this death and be offered the chance to accept a Vendetta mission , and exact revenge on the Uruk . If the mission is successful the game will give rewards to both the original player and the victorious friend . </P> <P> The leader Uruk will have a range of strengths and weaknesses , the latter that can be exploited in combat to quickly weaken and defeat the leader . The player can gain knowledge of these through finding intelligence mostly by draining and interrogating marked Uruks for this . Being able to exploit such weaknesses in defeating the leader will gain a better quality rune and more experience points in this manner . Once the player gains the ability to brand Uruks , they can brand these leaders and convert portions of Sauron 's army to their side . At this point , the player can use the Nemesis system to trigger infighting within the Uruk forces which they can then directly participate in , helping to weaken the army further . Uruks that survive their encounter with Talion will remember this when Talion combats them again ; for example , an Uruk who was thrown into a fire by Talion might want revenge on him for being disfigured . </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Setting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The game takes place in the 60 - year gap between the events of Tolkien 's The Hobbit and The Lord of The Rings . The family of Talion ( voiced and motion captured by Troy Baker ) , a ranger of Gondor responsible for guarding the Black Gate of Mordor , is killed by the armies of Sauron , but Talion is revived with `` wraith - like abilities '' and heads into Mordor to exact his revenge . Mordor is not yet a barren wasteland in this story . The player will encounter Gollum ( voiced by Liam O'Brien ) . Talion discovers that the wraith who revived him is Celebrimbor ( voiced by Alastair Duncan ) , the greatest Elven smith master of the Second Age , who also seeks revenge against Sauron . </P> <H3> Plot ( edit ) </H3> <P> Talion , a captain of Gondor , serves within a garrison stationed at the Black Gate of Mordor . The garrison is attacked by Sauron 's Orc forces led by three Black Númenórean captains : the Hammer of Sauron ( John DiMaggio ) , the Tower of Sauron ( JB Blanc ) , and their leader , the Black Hand of Sauron ( Nolan North ) . Talion , his wife Ioreth ( Laura Bailey ) , and his adult son , Dirhael , are captured and ritually sacrificed by the Black Hand in an attempt to summon

Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor was released in

When does middle-earth shadow of mordor come out?

15378071390345194

said Black Panther would be a cross between The Godfather and the James Bond films as a `` big , operatic family drama centered around a world of international espionage . So hopefully we 're getting the best of both worlds . '' Coogler added that the film was influenced by `` the films of the ' 70s '' such as the works of Francis Ford Coppola in that decade , as well as crime fiction . Coogler also watched the film A Prophet for inspiration . Feige called the film 's story `` rich in culturally relevant ideas . These are conversations we were having two years ago because that is inherently the story within the comics . Now it 's going to seem like the most highly fluid thing we could have done . '' Boseman also indicated there were parallels to `` pull from '' in the film in relation to Donald Trump becoming President of the United States after Barack Obama . In January 2018 , Coogler hinted at the inclusion of post-credit scenes . Two are included , with the second featuring Sebastian Stan reprising his role as Bucky Barnes . </P> Visual effects Previsualization ( top ) and completed visual effects shot of Wakanda by Industrial Light & Magic ( bottom ) <P> Visual effects for the film were created by : Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) with help from Virtuos , Stereo D , and Scanline VFX ; Double Negative ; Luma Pictures ; Mammal Studios ; Method Studios ; Perception ; Rise Visual Effects Studios ; Torm Studios ; Trixter ; Cantina Creative ; Lola VFX ; Capital T ; Exceptional Minds ; Technicolor VFX ; Rodeo FX ; Imageloom VFX ; Anibrain ; Method Pune ; Bot VFX ; Pixstone Images ; Futureworks ; Vertigo Visual ; FX3X ; and Yannix Thailand Co . Previsualization was completed by Digital Domain and The Third Floor , while Perception also created the main title sequence for the film . </P> <P> ILM was primarily responsible for creating the digital urban environments of Wakanda . VFX supervisor Craig Hammack said , `` African culture has symbology , color and richness and a certain amount of earthy material qualities that make things difficult to design as a futuristic city , '' which typically use lots of steel and glass . ILM looked to real life examples that blend modern architecture with natural environments like One Central Park in Sydney and modern African architecture like The Pearl of Africa Hotel in Kampala as influences . ILM also worked on some interior shots , extending Beachler 's set , and the initial rhinoceros . For T'Challa's ancestral plane scenes , ILM worked on the nighttime scene first , having the sky reflect the Northern Lights , and worked had to keep the sky visible in the daytime scene . ILM also added additional vibranium sand for the burial sequences to aid in the breathing of Boseman when filming , and added the flames when Killmonger burns the heart - shaped herb . Perception , which also did the main on - end title sequence that referenced the vibranium sand effect that ILM and other companies contributed through the film , also helped create Shuri 's laboratory and the interface designs for the displays . </P> <P> Method Studios created much of the digital natural environments of Wakanda . Method built a 3,600 square kilometers ( 1,400 sq mi ) landscape that is visible in various aerial shots in the film . VFX Supervisor Andy Brown said , `` Looking out from the top of Mount Bashenga , you can see the rich diversity of African landscapes -- it looks lush and jungle - like in one direction , and more like the plains and savannah in the other , so we had multiple ecosystems to tackle , but it really drives home the vastness of these shots . '' Method was also responsible for creating Black Panther 's and Killmonger 's digital suits , and many of the film 's digital characters , vehicles , and weapons . They also worked on the final battle sequence , including crowd simulation . Method worked with the stunt coordinators in their motion capture sessions to give each Dora Milaje or Jabari fighter their unique fighting style . Brown noted that `` In addition to randomizing the height , weight , and other characteristics of each fighter to add variance to the crowd , we had to incorporate more specific elements such as unique face tattoos for each Dora Milaje fighter and the signature hairstyles of the Jabari warriors . '' Method also worked on the vibranium mine , animating the gadgets in Shuri 's laboratory . </P> <P> Luma Pictures worked on the Busan car chase sequence , digitally creating the Lexus cars featured in the sequence . Multiple digital versions of the same car were created , so the production could have the actual cars crash and do various stunts with them , with Luma then inserting the digital versions to augment them . Luma also created the sonic forces from Klaue 's cannon , while Scanline VFX worked on digitally removing Serkis ' left arm for the sonic cannon and the London museum heist sequence . </P> <H2> Music </H2> Main article : Black Panther ( soundtrack ) <P> Ludwig Göransson was hired to compose the film 's score by April 2017 . Göransson traveled to Senegal and South Africa to record local musicians to form the `` base '' of his soundtrack . Kendrick Lamar produced the film 's curated soundtrack , Black Panther : The Album , along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith . Coogler chose Lamar for the project because his `` artistic themes align with those we explore in the film '' . Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018 : `` All the Stars '' , `` King 's Dead '' , and `` Pray for Me '' . Black Panther : The Album was released on February 9 , 2018 , while a soundtrack of Göransson 's score was released on February 16 , 2018 . </P> <H2> Release </H2> <P> Black Panther had its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on January 29 , 2018 . The premiere featured a purple carpet that was flanked by women dressed as the Dora Milaje , and was lit by futuristic lamps . Coogler , the cast members , and other guests wore African clothing , to honor the African roots of the film , at the request of Marvel for attendees to wear `` royal attire '' . Ahead of the screening at the premiere , Coogler received an extended standing ovation before he announced the cast of the film . Black Panther was released in the United Kingdom , Hong Kong , and Taiwan on February 13 , 2018 , in South Korea on February 14 , 2018 , and the United States on February 16 , 2018 . In the United States , the film opened in 4,020 theaters , with over 3,200 of those in 3D , 404 in IMAX , over 660 in premium large format , and over 200 D - Box locations . In addition , Black Panther was the first MCU film to be converted to ScreenX , a 270 - degree wraparound format , that played in over 101 locations in eight countries . The film opened in most of its markets in its first weekend of release and had a `` cross-nation release '' in Africa , a first for a Disney film . It was originally scheduled to be released on November 3 , 2017 , before moving in February 2015 to July 6 , 2018 to accommodate Spider - Man : Homecoming . In October 2015 , it moved again to accommodate Ant - Man and the Wasp . </P> <P> Black Panther premiered in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia on April 18 , 2018 . The occasion marks the first public film screening since movie theaters were banned in the kingdom in the early 1980 's , after ultraconservative religious standards were introduced in 1979 . The ban was lifted in December 2017 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman as part of an effort to revamp Saudi society . The film premiered in a newly constructed 620 leather seat cinema , owned by AMC Theatres , in Riyadh 's King Abdullah Financial District that was originally intended to be a symphony hall . Disney 's regional distributor Italia Film revealed that 40 seconds of the film had been removed , which was in line with cuts made to the film across the region . Awwad Alawwad , Saudi Arabia 's Minister of Culture and Information , and Adam Aron , CEO of AMC Entertainment , were in attendance for the premiere along with other diplomats and industry experts ; no one from the cast or production team was in attendance . The premiere also had men and women sitting together , a representation of the Saudi government 's recently relaxed enforcement of laws banning co-mingling between unrelated men and women . Black Panther will screen for five days before Avengers : Infinity War premieres on April 26 in the kingdom . </P> <H3> Marketing </H3> <P> Marvel debuted early footage and concept art from the film in April 2017 , at a press event for several of the MCU Phase Three films . Kyle Buchanan at Vulture.com praised the cinematography , costume and production design , and focus on dark - skinned actors and characters , saying `` Black Panther does n't look like any of the other Marvel movies ... If this is what the future of superhero movies looks like , deal me in . '' Feige believed the screened footage was the first time Marvel had shown raw dailies , a decision made because the company wanted to show off the film 's cast ( which Feige called `` the highest - class cast we 've had on a first movie '' ) and diversity , even though editing for it had not yet begun . </P> <P> A teaser poster was released ahead of the first teaser trailer , which premiered during Game 4 of the 2017 NBA Finals . Fans felt the poster was poorly photoshopped , and tweets mentioning it were only 27 percent positive , and 27 percent negative , according to CNBC 's marketing technology firm Amobee . The poster was also compared to a real - life picture of Black Panther Party co-founder Huey P. Newton holding two gun spears . The trailer received a much more positive response , with Peter Sciretta of / Film saying it was `` nothing like I was expecting this movie to look like and that 's refreshing '' . io9 's Charles Pulliam - Moore called the teaser `` every bit as intense as you were hoping it would be '' and `` epic as hell '' . Andrew Husband for Uproxx felt the single teaser `` easily outshines Spider - Man : Homecoming 's big - from - the - beginning marketing campaign '' . Forbes 's Scott Mendelson felt that `` Black Panther has the chance to be a seminal event in the same way we 're now seeing with Wonder Woman . '' The trailer was viewed 89 million times in 24 hours , and `` dominated the conversation on social media for much of the night '' over Game 4 , being the top - trending item on Twitter . The Hollywood Reporter noted that the teaser generated 349,000 Twitter mentions in 24 hours , also more than Game 4 . The amount of mentions were second to the amount the Star Wars : The Last Jedi teaser received . comScore and its PreAct service noted over 466,000 new social media conversations for the film after the trailer released , the most for the week . For the week ending on June 18 , comScore and its PreAct service again noted social media conversations for the film

The Black Panther movie soundtrack is scheduled to be released on

When does the black panther movie soundtrack come out?

8552164842318045778

Something Just Like This - wikipedia <H1> Something Just Like This </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Something Just like This '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Chainsmokers and Coldplay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Memories ... Do Not Open and Kaleidoscope </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 22 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> EDM </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disruptor </Li> <Li> Columbia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Taggart </Li> <Li> Guy Berryman </Li> <Li> Jonny Buckland </Li> <Li> Will Champion </Li> <Li> Chris Martin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Chainsmokers </Li> <Li> Jordan `` DJ Swivel '' Young </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Chainsmokers singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Paris '' ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> `` Honest '' ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Paris '' ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> `` Honest '' ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Coldplay singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Everglow '' ( 2016 ) Everglow 2016 </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( 2017 ) Something Just like This2017 </Td> <Td> `` Miracles ( Someone Special ) '' ( 2017 ) Miracles ( Someone Special ) 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Something Just like This '' ( Lyric video ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Something Just like This '' is a song by American electronic music duo The Chainsmokers and British rock band Coldplay . It was released as the second single from The Chainsmokers ' debut album , Memories ... Do Not Open , on February 22 , 2017 and as the lead single from Coldplay 's thirteenth extended play Kaleidoscope . `` Something Just like This '' was used as the theme for the 2017 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament . The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo / Group Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Lyric video </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 5 Live performances </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing </Li> <Li> 7 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Charts <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 8.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 Release history </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> In September 2016 , the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin . On February 22 , 2017 , Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site 's home page with a Listen Now button . The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is written in the key of D Major and has a tempo of 103 beats per minute in common time . It follows a chord progression of G ( add9 ) -- Asus -- Bm -- Asus , and the vocals span two octaves , from G to G . </P> <H2> Lyric video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The lyric video was released on February 22 , 2017 on the Chainsmokers ' Vevo channel . It has received over 1 billion views and is the 94th most viewed video on YouTube . It was directed by James Zwadlo . </P> <H2> Chart Performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Something Just like This '' debuted at number fifty - six on the Billboard Hot 100 , but on its second week , the song soared to number five , becoming the Chainsmokers ' third top five entry after `` Do n't Let Me Down '' and `` Closer '' . The song also became Coldplay 's second top five entry after `` Viva la Vida '' . Also , it became the Chainsmokers ' fifth and Coldplay 's fourth top 10 entry on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song has since peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song reached its millionth sales mark in July 2017 . It was the sixth best - selling song of 2017 in the US , with 1,348,000 copies sold in 2017 , and 4,000,000 units including streaming . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom , `` Something Just like This '' debuted at number thirty on February 24 , 2017 , reaching its number two peak position the following week , behind Ed Sheeran 's `` Shape of You '' . It spent nine consecutive weeks in the top 10 . It was the ninth biggest song in the United Kingdom . </P> <H2> Live performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> On February 22 , 2017 , Coldplay premiered `` Something Just like This '' with the Chainsmokers on stage at the Brit Awards at The O2 Arena in London , England . They then performed the song at the 2017 iHeartRadio Music Awards at The Forum in Inglewood , California on March 5 , 2017 , and on their A Head Full of Dreams Tour since the Singapore show on March 31 , 2017 . It was performed again at the One Love Manchester benefit concert for the victims of the Manchester Arena bombing on June 4 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Digital download </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 07 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Digital download -- Remix Pack EP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( Alesso Remix ) </Td> <Td> 4 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( R3hab Remix ) </Td> <Td> 2 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike Remix ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( Don Diablo Remix ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( Jai Wolf Remix ) </Td> <Td> 2 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( ARMNHMR Remix ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 44 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Digital download -- Kaleidoscope EP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Something Just like This '' ( Tokyo Remix ) </Td> <Td> 4 : 33 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Credits and personnel ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Chainsmokers </P> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Taggart -- keyboards </Li> <Li> Alex Pall -- keyboards </Li> </Ul> <P> Coldplay </P> <Ul> <Li> Guy Berryman -- bass guitar </Li> <Li> Jonny Buckland -- lead guitar </Li> <Li> Will Champion -- drums , backing vocals , programming </Li> <Li> Chris Martin -- lead vocals , piano </Li> </Ul> <P> Production </P> <Ul> <Li> The Chainsmokers -- production </Li> <Li> DJ Swivel -- production </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Argentina ( Monitor Latino ) </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brazil ( Billboard Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colombia ( National - Report ) </Th> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Republic ( Singles Digitál Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Denmark ( Tracklisten ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finland ( Suomen virallinen lista ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany Dance ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary ( Rádiós Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary ( Single Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary ( Stream Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iceland ( RÚV ) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italy ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Japan ( Japan Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latvia ( Latvijas Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lebanon ( Lebanese Top 20 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Malaysia ( RIM ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mexico Streaming ( AMPROFON ) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mexico ( Monitor Latino ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Philippines ( Philippine Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Poland ( Polish Airplay Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portugal ( AFP ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Romania Airplay ( Media Forest ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Russia Airplay ( Tophit ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singapore ( RIAS ) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Slovakia ( Rádio Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Slovakia ( Singles Digitál Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Slovenia ( SloTop50 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spain ( PROMUSICAE ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ukraine Airplay ( Tophit ) </Th> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Dance ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot 100 </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Dance Club Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Hot Dance / Electronic Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Rhythmic ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 24

The vocalist featured in the song "Something Just Like This" is

Who is singing in something just like this?

5916467752638709427

Moloch - wikipedia <H1> Moloch </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Moloch ( disambiguation ) . 18th - century depiction of the Moloch idol ( Der Götze Moloch mit 7 Räumen oder Capellen . `` The idol Moloch with seven chambers or chapels '' ) , from Johann Lund 's Die Alten Jüdischen Heiligthümer ( 1711 , 1738 ) . <P> Moloch is the biblical name of a Canaanite god associated with child sacrifice . The name of this deity is also sometimes spelled Molech , Milcom , or Malcam . </P> <P> The name Moloch results from a dysphemic vocalisation in the Second Temple period of a theonym based on the root mlk `` king '' . There are a number of Canaanite gods with names based on this root , which became summarily associated with Moloch , including Biblical מַלְכָּם ‎ Malkam `` great king '' ( KJV Milcom ) , which appears to refer to a god of the Ammonites , as well as Tyrian Melqart and others . </P> <P> Rabbinical tradition depicted Moloch as a bronze statue heated with fire into which the victims were thrown . This has been associated with reports by Greco - Roman authors on the child sacrifices in Carthage to Baal Hammon , especially since archaeological excavations since the 1920s have produced evidence for child sacrifice in Carthage as well as inscriptions including the term MLK , either a theonym or a technical term associated with sacrifice . In interpretatio graeca , the Phoenician god was identified with Cronus , due to the parallel mytheme of Cronus devouring his children . </P> <P> Otto Eissfeldt in 1935 argued that mlk was not to be taken as a theonym at all but as a term for a type of fire sacrifice , and that * lĕmōlek `` as a molk - sacrifice '' had been reinterpreted as the name of a Canaanite idol following the Deuteronomic reform under Josiah ( r . 640 -- 609 BC ) . According to Eissfeldt , this 7th - century reform abolished the child sacrifice that had been happening . </P> <P> Moloch has been used figuratively in English literature from John Milton 's Paradise Lost ( 1667 ) to Allen Ginsberg 's `` Howl '' ( 1955 ) , to refer to a person or thing demanding or requiring a very costly sacrifice . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Name </Li> <Li> 2 Biblical texts <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Masoretic Molek </Li> <Li> 2.2 LXX Μολοχ ( Moloch , Molech ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Malkam ( Milcom ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Carthaginian Cronus </Li> <Li> 4 Rabbinical commentary </Li> <Li> 5 Modern interpretations </Li> <Li> 6 Moloch in art and culture <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Depictions of Canaanite Moloch <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Milton 's Paradise Lost </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Flaubert 's Salammbô </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 As social or political allegory </Li> <Li> 6.3 References in fantastical fiction and pop culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Name ( edit ) </H2> Babylonian cylinder seal representing child sacrifice <P> Biblical Hebrew מלך ( mlk ) usually stands for מֶלֶךְ ‎ melek `` king '' ( Akkadian malku ) but when vocalized as מֹלֶךְ ‎ mōlek in the Masoretic text , it has been traditionally understood as a proper name . While the received Masoretic text is medieval , the existence of the form Μολοχ ( Molokh , whence Vulgate Moloch ) in the Septuagint establishes that the distinction dates to the Second Temple period . </P> <P> Moloch has been traditionally interpreted as the name of a god , possibly a god surnamed `` the king '' ( cf . adon `` lord '' , baʿal `` master '' ) , but pejoratively mispronounced as Molek instead of Melek using the vocalisation of Hebrew בּשֶׁת ‎ bosheth `` shame '' , distinguishing it from the title of melek `` king '' , written identically in the consonantal text , which is also frequently given to Yahweh . </P> <P> Thus , in Psalm 5 : 2 , the מלךי mlk - y ( `` my mlk '' ) of the Hebrew text is vocalized מַלְכִּי malk - ī and translated ὁ βασιλεύς μου ( `` my king '' ) in the Septuagint ; by contrast , in Amos 5 : 26 , מלככם mlk - km ( `` your ( plural ) mlk '' ) is vocalized מַלְכְּכֶם malk - chem ( `` your king '' ) but translated Μολοχ ὑμῶν ( `` your Moloch '' ) in the Septuagint . </P> <P> The name of the god of the Ammonites is also given as מַלְכָּם malkam ( `` great king '' ) , ) rendered as Milcom in KJV . In 1 Kings 11 : 7 , לְמֹלֶךְ שִׁקֻּץ בְּנֵי עַמֹּֽון ‎ ( KJV : `` for Molech , the abomination of the children of Ammon '' ) , the Septuagint has τῷ βασιλεῖ αὐτῶν εἰδώλῳ υἱῶν Αμμων ( `` for their king , idol of the sons of Ammon '' ) , while in 1 Kings 11 : 33 לְמִלְכֹּם אֱלֹהֵי בְנֵֽי ־ עַמֹּון ‎ ( KJV : `` Milcom the god of the children of Ammon '' ) is translated τῷ βασιλεῖ αὐτῶν προσοχθίσματι υἱῶν Αμμων ( `` for their king , the abomination of the sons of Ammon '' ) . </P> <H2> Biblical texts ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Masoretic Molek ( edit ) </H3> Offering to Molech ( illustration from the 1897 Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us by Charles Foster ) <P> The vocalization Molek occurs eight times in the Masoretic Text , predominantly ( five times ) in Leviticus : </P> <Ul> <Li> Leviticus 18 : 21 `` And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molech , neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God : I am the LORD . '' </Li> <Li> Leviticus 20 : 2 : `` Again , thou shalt say to the children of Israel , Whosoever he be of the children of Israel , or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel , that giveth any of his seed unto Molech ; he shall surely be put to death : the people of the land shall stone him with stones . '' </Li> <Li> Leviticus 20 : 3 : `` And I will set my face against that man , and will cut him off from among his people ; because he hath given of his seed unto Molech , to defile my sanctuary , and to profane my holy name . '' </Li> <Li> Leviticus 20 : 4 : `` And if the people of the land do any ways hide their eyes from the man , when he giveth of his seed unto Molech , and kill him not '' </Li> <Li> Leviticus 20 : 5 : `` Then I will set my face against that man , and against his family , and will cut him off , and all that go a whoring after him , to commit whoredom with Molech , from among their people . '' </Li> </Ul> <P> Two further occurrences connect the practice with Tophet , a place of sacrifice in the Valley of Hinnom ( Gehenna , which later acquired the connotation of `` Hell '' ) : </P> <Ul> <Li> 2 Kings 23 : 10 : `` And he ( King Josiah of Judah ) defiled Topheth , which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom , that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech . '' </Li> <Li> Jeremiah 32 : 35 : `` And they built the high places of Baal , which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom , to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire unto Molech which I commanded them not , neither came it into my mind , that they should do this abomination , to cause Judah to sin . '' </Li> </Ul> <P> The practice of `` passing through fire '' ( ` abar ba - ' esh עָבַר בָּאֵשׁ ‎ ) associated with the name Moloch in the citations above also occurs without reference to Moloch in Deuteronomy 18 : 10 -- 13 , 2 Kings 16 : 3 and 21 : 6 and Ezekiel 20 : 26 , 31 and 23 : 37 . </P> <P> Isaiah 30 : 33 has the vocalization melek ( `` king '' ) , but this is widely accepted as an omission of the Masoretic correctors : `` For Tophet is ordained of old ; yea , for the king it is prepared ; he hath made it deep and large : the pile thereof is fire and much wood ; the breath of the LORD , like a stream of brimstone , doth kindle it . '' </P> <P> On the other hand , while 1 Kings 11 : 7 has the vocalization Molek , in `` Molech , the abomination of the children of Ammon '' , this is widely accepted as an error for Malkam ( Milcom ) , the specifically Ammonite idol . </P> <H3> LXX Μολοχ ( Moloch , Molech ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Septuagint uses Μολοχ three times , rendered by KJV as Moloch or Molech , in 2 Kings 23 : 10 , Jeremiah 32 : 35 ( both verses have Masoretic molek , cited above ) , and Amos 5 : 26 ( where the Masoretic text has melek `` king '' ) . In the other instances of Masoretic molek , LXX has βασιλεύς basileus `` king '' . </P> <H3> Malkam ( Milcom ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The variant Malkam , rendered by KJV as Milcom , is found only three times in Kings ( 1 Kings 11 : 5 , 11 : 33 and 2 Kings 23 : 13 ) . Malkam is each time specifically mentioned as a god of the Ammonites , while Molek is generally depicted as a god worshipped by the Israelites in the context of the `` passing through fire '' of their children ( with the exception of 1 Kings 11 : 7 , which mentions `` Molech , the abomination of the children of Ammon '' , widely accepted as an error for Malkam . ) . </P> <H2> Carthaginian Cronus ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Child sacrifice in Cartaginian religion Further information : Baal Hammon <P> Later commentators have compared these accounts with similar ones from Greek and Latin sources speaking of the offering of children by fire as sacrifices in the Punic city of Carthage , a Phoenician colony . Cleitarchus , Diodorus Siculus and Plutarch all mention burning of children as an offering to Cronus or Saturn , that is to Baal Hammon , the chief god of Carthage . It has been suggested that the practice of child sacrifice may have been exaggerated in Roman post-war propaganda in order to make their arch - enemies seem cruel and less civilized . </P> <P> Cleitarchus ' paraphrase of a scholium to Plato 's Republic has a description of the practice which predates the fall of Carthage in 146 BC : </P> <P> There stands in their midst a bronze statue of Kronos , its hands extended over a bronze brazier , the flames of which engulf the child . When the flames fall upon the body , the limbs contract and the open mouth seems almost to be laughing until the contracted body slips quietly into the brazier . Thus it is that the ' grin ' is known as ' sardonic laughter , ' since they die laughing . ( trans . Paul G. Mosca ) </P> <P> Diodorus Siculus ( 20.14 ) : </P> <P> There was in their city a bronze image of Cronus

In the Bible, the name Molech refers to

What is the meaning of molech in the bible?

886131320590126673

Fly Me to the Moon - wikipedia <H1> Fly Me to the Moon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Fly Me to the Moon ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` In Other Words '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First recording titled `` In Other Words '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by Kaye Ballard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 1954 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1954 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Jazz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Decca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bart Howard </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Fly Me to the Moon '' , originally titled `` In Other Words '' , is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard . Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song in 1954 . Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture ; Frank Sinatra 's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon , and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song ( as covered by various artists ) at the end of every episode . </P> <P> In 1999 , the US - based Songwriters Hall of Fame recognized the importance of `` Fly Me to the Moon '' by inducting it as a `` Towering Song '' which is an award `` ... presented each year to the creators of an individual song that has influenced our culture in a unique way over many years . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background and composition </Li> <Li> 2 Early recordings </Li> <Li> 3 `` Fly Me to the Moon '' <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Other releases </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 4.1 NASA association </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background and composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1954 , when writing the song which would become `` Fly Me to the Moon '' , Bart Howard had been pursuing a career in music for more than 20 years . He played piano to accompany cabaret singers but also wrote songs with Cole Porter , his idol , in mind . In response to a publisher 's request for a simpler song , Bart Howard wrote a cabaret ballad in waltz time which he titled `` In Other Words '' . A publisher tried to make him change some lyrics from `` fly me to the moon '' to `` take me to the moon '' but Howard refused to do this . Many years later Howard commented that `` ... it took me 20 years to find out how to write a song in 20 minutes '' . </P> <P> He used his position as a piano accompanist and presenter at the Blue Angel cabaret venue to promote the song , and it was soon introduced in cabaret performances by Felicia Sanders . </P> <H2> Early recordings ( edit ) </H2> Kaye Ballard circa late 1950s <P> Kaye Ballard made the first commercial recording of `` In Other Words '' . It was released by Decca in April 1954 . A brief review published on 8 May 1954 in Billboard said that `` In Other Words '' was `` A love song sung with feeling by Miss Ballard . '' This recording was released as the flipside of `` Lazy Afternoon '' which Kaye Ballard was currently performing as star of the stage show The Golden Apple . </P> <P> Over the next few years , jazz and cabaret singers released cover versions of `` In Other Words '' on EP or LP record albums , including Chris Connor , Johnny Mathis , Portia Nelson and Nancy Wilson . Eydie Gormé featured the song on her 1958 album Eydie In Love , which reached # 20 in the Cashbox Album Charts and was nominated for a Grammy Award . </P> <H2> `` Fly Me to the Moon '' ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In 1960 , Peggy Lee recorded the song , then made it more popular when she performed it in front of a large television audience on The Ed Sullivan Show . As the song 's popularity increased , it became better known as `` Fly Me to the Moon '' , and in 1963 Peggy Lee convinced Bart Howard to make the name change official . In the early 1960s , versions of the song were released under its new name by many well - known singers , including Nat King Cole , Sarah Vaughan and Brenda Lee . Connie Francis released two non-English versions of the song in 1963 : in Italian as `` Portami Con Te '' and in Spanish as `` Llévame a la Luna '' . </P> Fly Me to the Moon Bossa Nova 1963 album by Joe Harnell <P> In 1962 , Joe Harnell arranged and recorded an instrumental version in a bossa nova style . It was released as a single in late 1962 , reached # 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in early 1963 and won Harnell a Grammy award . Harnell 's version was included on his album Fly Me to the Moon and the Bossa Nova Pops released in early 1963 which reached # 3 stereo album on the Billboard 200 chart . Versions of the song were released by many other 1960s instrumental artists , including Roy Haynes , Al Hirt and Oscar Peterson . </P> <P> Frank Sinatra included the song on his 1964 album It Might as Well Be Swing , accompanied by Count Basie . The music for this album was arranged by Quincy Jones , who had worked with Count Basie a year earlier on the album This Time by Basie , which also included a version of `` Fly Me to the Moon '' . Will Friedwald commented that `` Jones boosted the tempo and put it into an even four / four '' for Basie 's version , but `` when Sinatra decided to address it with the Basie / Jones combination they recharged it into a straight swinger ... ( which ) ... all but explodes with energy '' . </P> <H3> Other releases ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bart Howard estimated that by the time Frank Sinatra covered the song in 1964 , more than 100 other versions had been recorded . By 1995 , it had been recorded more than 300 times . A search of the website Second Hand Songs lists more than 150 versions of the song in chronological order . </P> <P> Other releases include those by : </P> <Ul> <Li> Harry James on his 1981 album For Listening And Dancing ( Reader 's Digest RD4A 213 ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Anita O'Day on her 2013 album The Complete Anita O'Day Verve Clef Sessions </Li> </Ul> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> Quincy Jones presents platinum copies of Frank Sinatra 's album to Senator John Glenn and Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong <P> `` Fly Me to the Moon '' has often been used or referenced in popular culture including television shows , films and video games . In 1967 an episode of I Dream of Jeannie was titled `` Fly Me to the Moon '' . In the 1978 - 82 series WKRP in Cincinnati , character Jennifer Marlowe 's doorbell plays the song . In 1998 Sesame Street featured Tony Bennett performing a parody of the song for an action sequence in which the show 's character Slimey the Worm took a trip to the moon . The song has been featured in film soundtracks , including the 1987 film Wall Street and the 2001 films Space Cowboys and Bridget Jones 's Diary . Multiple modern recordings of `` Fly Me to the Moon '' were individually used as the end of each episode for the closing credits of the anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion , as well as the basis for several background non-vocal themes used in the TV show . The song was also used extensively in the 2009 video game Bayonetta . In 2014 , the song was played in the scene of the movie RoboCop where the main protagonist was waking up after being made into a cyborg . English singer Stephanie Tarling 's rendition of the song was featured in Microsoft 's Surface Book 2 promotion video in 2017 . </P> <H3> NASA association ( edit ) </H3> <P> Frank Sinatra 's 1964 recording of `` Fly Me to the Moon '' became closely associated with NASA 's Apollo space program . A copy of the song was played on the Apollo 10 mission which orbited the Moon . It became the first music heard on the Moon when played on a portable cassette player by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin after he stepped onto the Moon . The song 's association with Apollo 11 was reprised many years later when Diana Krall sang it at the mission 's 40th anniversary commemoration ceremony . She also sang a `` slow and solemn version '' in 2012 at the national memorial service for Apollo 11 mission commander Neil Armstrong . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1999 Award and Induction Ceremony '' . Songwriters Hall of Fame . 1999 - 06 - 09 . Archived from the original on 2013 - 12 - 07 . Retrieved 2013 - 12 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Towering Song '' . Songwriters Hall of Fame . Retrieved 2013 - 12 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Famous Iowans - Bart Howard The Des Moines Register DesMoinesRegister.com '' . Data.desmoinesregister.com . Retrieved 2013 - 12 - 07 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : STEPHEN HOLDEN ( 2004 - 02 - 23 ) . `` Bart Howard , 88 , Songwriter Known for ' Fly Me to the Moon ' - New York Times '' . Nytimes.com . Retrieved 2013 - 12 - 07 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` '' Fly Me to the Moon `` : Song History , Commentary , Discography , Performances on Video '' . Greatamericansongbook.net. 2004 - 02 - 23 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 26 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Will Friedwald , `` Sinatra ! The Song Is You : A Singer 's Art '' , Scribner , New York , 1995 , page 411 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Stephen Holden ( December 19 , 1988 ) . `` Product of 20 Minutes : A Million Dollar Song '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 26 November 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kaye Ballard - In Other Words / Lazy Afternoon - Decca - USA - 9 - 29114 '' . 45cat.com. 2012 - 11 - 25 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard . Books.google.com. 1954 - 05 - 08 . p. 24 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 26 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Liz Smith , Liner Notes for the CD Portia Nelson , `` Let Me Love You : Portia Nelson Sings the Songs of Bart Howard '' , DRG 91442 , 1995 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ABC - Paramount Album Discography , Part 2 '' . Bsnpubs.com. 2005 - 09 - 01 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Carolyn Hope ( 2007 - 09 - 11 ) . `` Barry 's Hits of All Decades Pop rock n roll

The song "Fly Me to the Moon" was written by

Who wrote the song fly me to the moon?

-5677169355193962977

<P> The third single , `` Fuck Love '' featuring Trippie Redd , will be sent to rhythmic radio on January 23 , 2018 . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> Trippie Redd ( pictured ) is the only feature on the album for its 8th track . <P> Speaking to XXL , X said the album would consist of `` an alternative R&B sound '' . Following the release of his solo mixtape Revenge ( 2017 ) , and his collaborative mixtape Members Only Vol. 3 ( 2017 ) , X began to promote the album on Snapchat . Speaking on the sound of 17 , X explained that the album was different from his previous works , saying `` If you listen to me to get hype or to not think , do n't buy this album , this one is for the depression , for the depressed ones , for the lost ones . '' </P> <P> 17 released on August 25 , 2017 . The album was barely a LP with a total length of 22 minutes . 17 is eleven tracks long with not a single track being longer than three minutes long , abnormal for a studio album . The album takes a different style from X 's traditional music which is often considered rap rock and trap music . The album adapts different genres of music , including emo and indie rock to create an unconventional style that fits within the genre of alternative R&B . The singer Shiloh Dynasty is sampled frequently on the album . The album itself is produced mainly by X , Natra Average and Potsu , a producer who generally creates lo - fi instrumental hip hop on the audio distribution platform , SoundCloud . </P> <P> The lyrics for 17 are based around depressing themes such as suicide , failed relationships and infidelity . It also focuses on events in X 's life and involves a lot of internal dialogue . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fiend Fix </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pitchfork </Td> <Td> 6.5 / 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pulse </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Salute Magazine </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> 17 was met with a majority of positive reviews , and while most critics praised its subject matter , musical diversity , and production , they criticized its length and intentional lack of polish . Meaghan Garvey of Pitchfork stated that 17 `` presents X as impressively adept at reconciling his influences into a sound that is shockingly elegant , even at its most unpolished -- an album whose disparate influences dissolve in an acid bath of raw feeling . '' Adrian Glover of Salute Magazine lauded 17 , praising it as one of the year 's best albums , while also directing praise at XXXTentacion for his originality and resistance to change his style to conform to the traditional radio standards of the hip hop music industry . Alabaster Jones also similarly applauded 17 for its musical scope and overall message . Jon Powell with Respect . compared 17 's use of guitar arrangements to Staind 's Aaron Lewis and noted how the album was different from XXXTentacion 's breakout single `` Look at Me ! '' Mitch Findlay with HotNewHipHop called the album `` different from your average hip hop album '' stating its lo - fi aesthetic , experimentation with guitar arrangements and unique vocals . Pigeons and Planes ' Eric Skelton called the album 's composition `` progressive '' and `` genre - defiant . '' </P> <P> Uproxx complimented 17 's experimentation with different genres and the album 's lyrics and narrative though criticized the album 's short length and its inability to depict fully what it was trying to convey . The Argentinian music platform Rocktails described the album as `` something you 'd like to hate and not listen to , but the truth is all songs in this album are irresistible '' . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> 17 was released on August 25 , 2017 , on iTunes , Spotify and Apple Music for streaming . Following the release , the album was promoted on social media by numerous other artists including Kendrick Lamar , Tory Lanez , 9th Wonder and Lil Yachty . The sales projections for the album , managed by the magazine Hits estimated that 17 would collect over 80 million streams and would sell 74 - 79,000 album - equivalent units , including 16 -- 18,000 pure sales . </P> <P> In the United States , 17 debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with 87,000 album - equivalent units , of which 18,000 were pure sales . 17 dropped down to No. 3 on the Billboard 200 for its second week of release with 51,275 total album equivalent units sold . In its third week , 17 fell to No. 6 with 40,100 album - equivalent units sold . 17 had sold 313,000 album - equivalent units by October 12 , 2017 , dropping to No. 12 in the same week . </P> <P> 17 debuted at number one in Norway ( where it remained for three weeks ) and in the top twenty in numerous album charts , including the UK Albums Chart , where it entered at number 12 , selling 4,520 album - equivalent units . The album also charted in Belgium , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Italy , and Sweden . </P> <P> Seven songs -- `` Jocelyn Flores '' , `` Revenge '' , `` Fuck Love '' , `` Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares '' , `` Depression & Obsession '' , `` Save Me '' and `` Carry On '' -- debuted in the Billboard Hot 100 at number 31 , 77 , 41 , 54 , 91 , 94 and 95 respectively with Jocelyn Flores becoming XXXTentacion 's highest charting song since Look At Me , which peaked at 31 on September 16 , 2017 . Three songs -- `` Jocelyn Flores '' , `` Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares '' and `` Fuck Love '' -- debuted in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart , at number 56 , 88 and 99 respectively . Jocelyn Flores peaked at 39 on the UK Singles Chart . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="5"> 17 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` The Explanation '' </Td> <Td> Jahseh Onfroy </Td> <Td> XXXTentacion </Td> <Td> 0 : 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Jocelyn Flores '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> Potsu </Td> <Td> 1 : 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Depression & Obsession '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> XXXTentacion </Td> <Td> 2 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> Potsu </Td> <Td> 1 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Revenge '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> XXXTentacion </Td> <Td> 2 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Save Me '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> Natra Average </Td> <Td> 2 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Dead Inside ( Interlude ) '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Natra Average </Li> <Li> XXXTentacion </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 1 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Fuck Love '' ( featuring Trippie Redd ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Onfroy </Li> <Li> Michael White IV </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nick Mira </Li> <Li> Taz Taylor </Li> <Li> Dex Duncan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 2 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` Carry On '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> Potsu </Td> <Td> 2 : 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Orlando '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> XXXTentacion </Td> <Td> 2 : 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Ayala ( Outro ) '' </Td> <Td> Onfroy </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> XXXTentacion </Li> <Li> John Cunningham </Li> <Li> Tobias Jesso Jr . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 1 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 22 : 01 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Notes </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Jocelyn Flores '' , `` Everyone Dies in Their Nightmares '' and `` Carry On '' features uncredited vocals from Shiloh Dynasty </Li> </Ul> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> XXXTentacion -- vocals , production , composition </Li> <Li> Genius Turkey -- vocals </Li> <Li> Translations -- vocals </Li> <Li> Shiloh Dynasty -- additional vocals , composition </Li> <Li> Trippie Red -- vocals , composition </Li> <Li> John Cunningham -- production </Li> <Li> Natra Avarage -- production , piano </Li> <Li> Nick Mira -- production </Li> <Li> Potsu -- production </Li> <Li> Taz Taylor -- production </Li> <Li> Tobias Jesso , Jr -- production , piano </Li> <Li> Koen Heldens -- mix engineering , master engineering </Li> <Li> JonFX -- mixing engineering </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian Albums ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austrian Albums ( Ö3 Austria ) </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgian Albums ( Ultratop Flanders ) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgian Albums ( Ultratop Wallonia ) </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Albums ( ČNS IFPI ) </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Danish Albums ( Hitlisten ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dutch Albums ( MegaCharts ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finnish Albums ( Suomen virallinen lista ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> French Albums ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Irish Albums ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italian Albums ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand Albums ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norwegian Albums ( VG - lista ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Swedish Albums ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Swiss Albums ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Independent Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK R&B Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard 200 </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Top Album Sales </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Top R&B Albums </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Top R&B / Hip - Hop Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italian Albums ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> 91 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand Albums ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard 200 </Th> <Td> 80 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Denmark ( IFPI Denmark ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> shipments figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` XXXTentacion 's Promising Debut ' 17 ' Falls Just Short Of Real Growth '' . Uproxx . August 25 , 2017 . Retrieved August

The song "Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares" is sung by

Who sings in everybody dies in their nightmares?

-5964458761860143367

by age and gender </Td> <Td> Aras Baskauskas </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Danielle DiLorenzo </Td> <Td> 5 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Cook Islands </Td> <Td> Aitutaki , Cook Islands </Td> <Td> Four tribes of five divided by ethnicity : African Americans , Whites , Hispanics , and Asians </Td> <Td> Yul Kwon </Td> <Td> Ozzy Lusth </Td> <Td> Becky Lee </Td> <Td> 5 -- 4 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Fiji </Td> <Td> Macuata , Vanua Levu , Fiji </Td> <Td> Two tribes of nine divided by a selected castaway , who would join the tribe who lost the first challenge </Td> <Td> Earl Cole </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Cassandra Franklin & Andria `` Dreamz '' Herd </Td> <Td> 9 -- 0 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Survivor : China </Td> <Td> Zhelin , Jiujiang , Jiangxi , China </Td> <Td> Two tribes of eight </Td> <Td> Todd Herzog </Td> <Td> Courtney Yates </Td> <Td> Amanda Kimmel </Td> <Td> 4 -- 2 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Micronesia </Td> <Td> Koror , Palau </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten : new players against past contestants </Td> <Td> Parvati Shallow </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Amanda Kimmel </Td> <Td> 5 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Gabon </Td> <Td> Wonga - Wongue Presidential Reserve , Estuaire , Gabon </Td> <Td> A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine , starting with the oldest players , Bob & Gillian </Td> <Td> Robert `` Bob '' Crowley </Td> <Td> Susie Smith </Td> <Td> Jessica `` Sugar '' Kiper </Td> <Td> 4 -- 3 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Tocantins </Td> <Td> Jalapão , Tocantins , Brazil </Td> <Td> Two tribes of eight </Td> <Td> James `` J.T. '' Thomas Jr . </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Stephen Fishbach </Td> <Td> 7 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Samoa </Td> <Td> Upolu , Samoa </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten </Td> <Td> Natalie White </Td> <Td> Russell Hantz </Td> <Td> Mick Trimming </Td> <Td> 7 -- 2 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Heroes vs. Villains </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten returning players , divided by `` hero '' or `` villain '' status </Td> <Td> Sandra Diaz - Twine </Td> <Td> Parvati Shallow </Td> <Td> Russell Hantz </Td> <Td> 6 -- 3 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Nicaragua </Td> <Td> San Juan del Sur , Rivas , Nicaragua </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten divided by age </Td> <Td> Jud `` Fabio '' Birza </Td> <Td> Chase Rice </Td> <Td> Matthew `` Sash '' Lenahan </Td> <Td> 5 -- 4 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Redemption Island </Td> <Td> Two tribes of nine , including two returning players </Td> <Td> Rob Mariano </Td> <Td> Phillip Sheppard </Td> <Td> Natalie Tenerelli </Td> <Td> 8 -- 1 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Survivor : South Pacific </Td> <Td> Upolu , Samoa </Td> <Td> Sophie Clarke </Td> <Td> Benjamin `` Coach '' Wade </Td> <Td> Albert Destrade </Td> <Td> 6 -- 3 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Survivor : One World </Td> <Td> Two tribes of nine divided by gender living on the same beach </Td> <Td> Kim Spradlin </Td> <Td> Sabrina Thompson </Td> <Td> Chelsea Meissner </Td> <Td> 7 -- 2 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Philippines </Td> <Td> Caramoan , Camarines Sur , Philippines </Td> <Td> Three tribes of six , including three returning players who had been medically evacuated in a previous season </Td> <Td> Denise Stapley </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Lisa Whelchel & Michael Skupin </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Caramoan </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten : new players against past contestants </Td> <Td> John Cochran </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Dawn Meehan & Sherri Biethman </Td> <Td> 8 -- 0 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Blood vs. Water </Td> <Td> Palaui Island , Santa Ana , Cagayan , Philippines </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten : returning contestants against their loved ones </Td> <Td> Tyson Apostol </Td> <Td> Monica Culpepper </Td> <Td> Gervase Peterson </Td> <Td> 7 -- 1 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Cagayan </Td> <Td> Three tribes of six divided by primary attribute : `` brawn '' vs. `` brains '' vs. `` beauty '' </Td> <Td> Tony Vlachos </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Yung `` Woo '' Hwang </Td> <Td> 8 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Survivor : San Juan del Sur </Td> <Td> San Juan del Sur , Rivas , Nicaragua </Td> <Td> Nine pairs of new players , each with a pre-existing relationship , divided onto two tribes of nine </Td> <Td> Natalie Anderson </Td> <Td> Jaclyn Schultz </Td> <Td> Missy Payne </Td> <Td> 5 -- 2 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Worlds Apart </Td> <Td> Three tribes of six divided by social class : `` white collar '' vs. `` blue collar '' vs. `` no collar '' </Td> <Td> Mike Holloway </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Carolyn Rivera & Will Sims II </Td> <Td> 6 -- 1 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Cambodia </Td> <Td> Koh Rong , Cambodia </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten returning players . Players selected by public vote </Td> <Td> Jeremy Collins </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Spencer Bledsoe & Tasha Fox </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Kaôh Rōng </Td> <Td> Three tribes of six divided by primary attribute : `` brains '' vs. `` brawn '' vs. `` beauty '' </Td> <Td> Michele Fitzgerald </Td> <Td> Aubry Bracco </Td> <Td> Tai Trang </Td> <Td> 5 -- 2 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Millennials vs. Gen X </Td> <Td> Mamanuca Islands , Fiji </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten divided by generation : millennials vs. Generation X </Td> <Td> Adam Klein </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Hannah Shapiro & Ken McNickle </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Game Changers </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten returning players </Td> <Td> Sarah Lacina </Td> <Td> Brad Culpepper </Td> <Td> Troy `` Troyzan '' Robertson </Td> <Td> 7 -- 3 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers </Td> <Td> Three tribes of six divided by dominant perceived trait : `` heroes '' vs. `` healers '' vs. `` hustlers '' </Td> <Td> Ben Driebergen </Td> <Td> Chrissy Hofbeck </Td> <Td> Ryan Ulrich </Td> <Td> 5 - 2 - 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> Survivor : Ghost Island </Td> <Td> Two tribes of ten </Td> <Td colspan="4"> TBA </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Concept ( edit ) </H3> <P> The original idea of Survivor was developed by Charlie Parsons in 1994 under the name Castaway . Parsons formed Planet24 with Bob Geldof to produce the show and tried to have the BBC broadcast it , but the network turned it down . Parsons went to Swedish television and was able to find a broadcaster , ultimately producing Expedition Robinson in 1997 . The show was a success , and plans for international versions were made . </P> <P> Mark Burnett intended to be the person to bring the show to the United States , though he recognized that the Swedish version was a bit crude and mean - spirited . Burnett retooled the concept to use better production values , based on his prior Eco-Challenge show , and wanted to focus more on the human drama experienced while under pressure . Burnett spent about a year trying to find a broadcaster that would take the show , retooling the concept based on feedback . On November 24 , 1999 , Burnett made his pitch to Les Moonves of CBS , and Moonves agreed to pick up the show . The first season , Survivor : Borneo was filmed during March and April 2000 , and was first broadcast on May 31 , 2000 . The first season became a ratings success , leading to its current ongoing run . </P> <H3> Locations ( edit ) </H3> <P> The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season , usually favoring warm and tropical climates . Though locations varied across the globe in the first dozen seasons , more recent seasons have used the same general location for back - to - back filming of two cycles ( for example , the use of Samoa for filming of seasons 19 , 20 ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Continent / Region </Th> <Th> Locations ( season number ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Africa ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Kenya ( 3 ) , Gabon ( 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Asia ( 9 ) </Td> <Td> Malaysia ( 1 ) , Thailand ( 5 ) , China ( 15 ) , Philippines ( 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ) , Cambodia ( 31 , 32 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oceania ( 15 ) </Td> <Td> Australia ( 2 ) , French Polynesia ( 4 ) , Vanuatu ( 9 ) , Palau ( 10 , 16 ) , Cook Islands ( 13 ) , Fiji ( 14 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ) , Samoa ( 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Central America ( 8 ) </Td> <Td> Panama ( 7 , 8 , 12 ) , Guatemala ( 11 ) , Nicaragua ( 21 , 22 , 29 , 30 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South America ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> Brazil ( 6 , 18 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Since The Australian Outback , the announcement of each season 's winner and subsequent reunion have been broadcast live in front of a studio audience , usually alternating between the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City ( home to the CBS ' Late Show franchise ) and CBS Television City or the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> U.S. television Ratings ( edit ) </H3> <P> Survivor has consistently been one of the top 20 most watched shows through its first 18 seasons and from seasons 21 to 23 . </P> <P> Seasonal rankings ( based on average total viewers per episode ) of the United States version of Survivor on CBS . </P> <P> Note : Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May , which coincides with the completion of May sweeps . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Timeslot ( ET ) </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Premiered </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Ended </Th> <Th> TV season </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Viewers ( in millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Premiere viewers ( in millions ) </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Finale viewers ( in millions ) </Th> <Th> Reunion viewers ( in millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Survivor : Borneo </Td> <Th> Wednesday 8 : 00 pm </Th> <Td> May 31 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 15.51 </Td> <Td> August 23 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 51.69 </Td> <Td> 36.70 </Td> <Th> 2000 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 28.30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Survivor : The Australian Outback </Td> <Th> Thursday 8 : 00 pm </Th> <Td> January 28 , 2001 </Td> <Td> 45.37 </Td> <Td> May 3 , 2001 </Td> <Td> 36.35 </Td> <Td> 28.01 </Td> <Th> 2000 -- 01 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 29.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Survivor : Africa </Td> <Td> October 11 , 2001 </Td> <Td> 23.84 </Td> <Td> January 10 , 2002 </Td> <Td> 27.26 </Td> <Td> 19.05 </Td> <Th> 2001 -- 02 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 20.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Survivor : Marquesas

This season's Survivor takes place in the

Where does this season's survivor take place?

-7689623500784530408

United States House of Representatives - Wikipedia <H1> United States House of Representatives </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the current United States Congress , see 115th United States Congress . For state - level Houses of Representatives in the United States , see List of United States state legislatures . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> United States House of Representatives </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 115th United States Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Seal of the House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Flag of the U.S. House of Representatives </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Type </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Lower house of the United States Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Term limits </Th> <Td> None </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New session started </Th> <Td> January 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Leadership </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speaker </Th> <Td> Paul Ryan ( R ) Since October 29 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Majority Leader </Th> <Td> Kevin McCarthy ( R ) Since August 1 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Minority Leader </Th> <Td> Nancy Pelosi ( D ) Since January 3 , 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Majority Whip </Th> <Td> Steve Scalise ( R ) Since August 1 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Minority Whip </Th> <Td> Steny Hoyer ( D ) Since January 3 , 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Structure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seats </Th> <Td> 435 voting members 6 non-voting members 218 needed for control </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Political groups </Th> <Td> <P> Majority ( 238 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Republican ( 238 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Minority ( 193 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Democratic ( 193 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Vacant ( 4 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Vacant ( 4 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length of term </Th> <Td> Two years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voting system </Th> <Td> First - past - the - post in most states ; nonpartisan blanket primary with a majoritarian second round in 3 states </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last election </Th> <Td> November 8 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next election </Th> <Td> November 6 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Redistricting </Th> <Td> State legislatures or redistricting commissions , varies by state </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Meeting place </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> House of Representatives chamber United States Capitol Washington , D.C. , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> www.house.gov </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics of the United States of America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal Government ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Constitution of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Law </Li> <Li> Taxation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legislature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> United States Congress </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> House of Representatives </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker Paul Ryan ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Congressional districts </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> United States Senate </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Emeritus Patrick Leahy ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Mitch McConnell ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Chuck Schumer ( D ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Executive ( show ) <Ul> <Li> President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Donald Trump ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Vice President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cabinet </Li> <Li> Federal agencies </Li> <Li> Executive Office </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judiciary ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Supreme Court of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Chief Justice John Roberts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Kennedy </Li> <Li> Thomas </Li> <Li> Ginsburg </Li> <Li> Breyer </Li> <Li> Alito </Li> <Li> Sotomayor </Li> <Li> Kagan </Li> <Li> Gorsuch </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Courts of Appeals </Li> <Li> District Courts ( list ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Other tribunals </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elections ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Presidential elections </Li> <Li> Midterm elections </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Off - year elections </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Political parties ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Democratic </Li> <Li> Republican </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Third parties </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federalism ( show ) <Ul> <Li> State Government </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Governors </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Legislatures ( List ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> State courts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Local government </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Atlas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper chamber . Together they compose the legislature of the United States . </P> <P> The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all Representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty - three representatives . Seven states have the smallest delegation possible , a single representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . </P> <P> The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the President for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers which include the power to initiate all bills related to revenue , the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate , and in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for President , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . </P> <P> The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party . The Speaker and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference , depending on whichever party has more voting members . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Membership , qualifications and apportionment <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Apportionments </Li> <Li> 2.2 Redistricting </Li> <Li> 2.3 Qualifications </Li> <Li> 2.4 Elections </Li> <Li> 2.5 Non-voting delegates </Li> <Li> 2.6 Terms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Comparison to the Senate </Li> <Li> 4 Salary and benefits <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Salaries </Li> <Li> 4.2 Titles </Li> <Li> 4.3 Pension </Li> <Li> 4.4 Tax deductions </Li> <Li> 4.5 Health benefits </Li> <Li> 4.6 Personnel , mail and office expenses </Li> <Li> 4.7 Travel allowance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Officers <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Member officials <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Leadership and partisanship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Non-member officials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Procedure <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Daily procedures </Li> <Li> 6.2 Passage of legislation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Committees </Li> <Li> 8 Legislative functions </Li> <Li> 9 Checks and balances </Li> <Li> 10 Latest election results and current party standings <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Current standing </Li> <Li> 10.2 End of previous Congress </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Surveys </Li> <Li> 12.2 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of the United States House of Representatives <P> Under the Articles of Confederation , the Congress of the Confederation was a unicameral body in which each state was equally represented , and in which each state had a veto over most action . After eight years of a more limited confederal government under the Articles , numerous political leaders such as James Madison and Alexander Hamilton initiated the Constitutional Convention in 1787 , which received the Confederation Congress 's sanction to `` amend the Articles of Confederation '' . All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates . </P> Representation of all political parties as percentage in House of Representatives over time Historical graph of party control of the Senate and House as well as the presidency <P> The issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention . Edmund Randolph 's Virginia Plan called for a bicameral Congress : the lower house would be `` of the people '' , elected directly by the people of the United States and representing public opinion , and a more deliberative upper house that would represent the individual states , and would be less susceptible to variations of mass sentiment , would be elected by the lower house . </P> <P> The House is referred to as the lower house , with the Senate being the upper house , although the United States Constitution does not use that terminology . Both houses ' approval is necessary for the passage of legislation . The Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia , Massachusetts , and Pennsylvania , as it called for representation based on population . The smaller states , however , favored the New Jersey Plan , which called for a unicameral Congress with equal representation for the states . </P> <P> Eventually , the Convention reached the Connecticut Compromise or Great Compromise , under which one house of Congress ( the House of Representatives ) would provide representation proportional to each state 's population , whereas the other ( the Senate ) would provide equal representation amongst the states . The Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states ( nine out of the 13 ) in 1788 , but its implementation was set for March 4 , 1789 . The House began work on April 1 , 1789 , when it achieved a quorum for the first time . </P> <P> During the first half of the 19th century , the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues , including slavery . The North was much more populous than the South , and therefore dominated the House of Representatives . However , the North held no such advantage in the Senate , where the equal representation of states prevailed . </P> <P> Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery . One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso , which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican -- American War . Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) , which began soon after several southern states attempted to secede from the Union . The war culminated in the South 's defeat and in the abolition of slavery . All southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war , and therefore the Senate did not hold the balance of power

The term of an official in the House of Representatives is

What is the term of an official in the house of representatives?

-8739645595476354324

Twenty20 - wikipedia <H1> Twenty20 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the sport of cricket ; `` Twenty20 '' , the professional version of the game . For details on amateur twenty over cricket , see Short form cricket . For the Malayalam film , see Twenty : 20 ( film ) . For other uses , see 2020 ( disambiguation ) . A Twenty20 match between England and Sri Lanka at the Hampshire Rose Bowl on 15 June 2006 <P> Twenty20 cricket , sometimes written Twenty - 20 , and often abbreviated to T20 , is a short form of cricket . At the professional level , it was originally introduced by the England and Wales Cricket Board ( ECB ) in 2003 for the inter-county competition in England and Wales . In a Twenty20 game the two teams have a single innings each , which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs . Together with first - class and List A cricket , Twenty20 is one of the three current forms of cricket recognised by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) as being at the highest international or domestic level . A typical Twenty20 game is completed in about three hours , with each innings lasting around 75 -- 90 minutes and a 10 -- 20 - minute interval . This is much shorter than previously - existing forms of the game , and is closer to the timespan of other popular team sports . It was introduced to create a fast - paced form of the game which would be attractive to spectators at the ground and viewers on television . </P> <P> Since its inception the game has been very successful resulting in its spread around the cricket world . On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test - playing nations have a domestic cup competition . The inaugural ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final . Pakistan won the second tournament in 2009 , and England won the title in the West Indies 2010 . West Indies won in 2012 , with Sri Lanka winning the 2014 tournament . West Indies are the reigning champions , winning the 2016 competition , and in doing so , became the first nation to win the tournament twice . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Origins </Li> <Li> 1.2 Spread worldwide </Li> <Li> 1.3 Twenty20 Internationals </Li> <Li> 1.4 Impact on the game </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Match format and rules <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Format </Li> <Li> 2.2 General rules </Li> <Li> 2.3 Tie deciders </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 International <Ul> <Li> 3.1 T20 International rankings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Domestic </Li> <Li> 5 Records </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Origins ( edit ) </H3> Former England batsman Andrew Strauss batting for Middlesex against Surrey <P> When the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002 , the ECB needed another one day competition to fill its place . Cricketing authorities were looking to boost the game 's popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship . It was intended to deliver fast paced , exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the longer versions of the game . Stuart Robertson , the marketing manager of the ECB , proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001 and they voted 11 -- 7 in favour of adopting the new format . </P> <P> The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup . The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success , with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title . The first Twenty20 match held at Lord 's , on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey , attracted a crowd of 27,509 , the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground -- other than a one - day final -- since 1953 . </P> <H3> Spread worldwide ( edit ) </H3> <P> Thirteen teams from different parts of the country participated in Pakistan 's inaugural competition in 2004 , with Faisalabad Wolves the first winners . On 12 January 2005 Australia 's first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers . It drew a sell - out crowd of 20,000 , which was the first time in nearly 25 years the ground had been completely sold out . </P> <P> Starting 11 July 2006 19 West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20 / 20 tournament . The event was financially backed by billionaire Allen Stanford , who gave at least US $28,000,000 funding money . It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event . Guyana won the inaugural event , defeating Trinidad and Tobago by 5 wickets , securing US $1,000,000 in prize money . </P> <P> On 5 January 2007 Queensland Bulls played the New South Wales Blues at The Gabba , Brisbane . A crowd of 11,000 was expected based on pre-match ticket sales . However , an unexpected 16,000 turned up on the day to buy tickets , causing disruption and confusion for surprised Gabba staff as they were forced to throw open gates and grant many fans free entry . Attendance reached 27,653 . </P> <P> For 1 February 2008 Twenty20 match between Australia and India , 85,824 people attended the match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground involving the Twenty20 World Champions against the ODI World Champions . </P> <P> The Stanford Super Series was held in October 2008 between Middlesex and Trinidad and Tobago , the respective winners of the English and Caribbean Twenty20 competitions , and a Stanford Superstars team formed from West Indies domestic players ; Trinidad and Tobago won the competition , securing US $280,000 prize money . On 1 November , the Stanford Superstars played England in what was expected to be the first of five fixtures in as many years with the winner claiming a US $20,000,000 in each match . The Stanford Superstars won the first match , however no further fixtures were held as Allen Stanford was charged with fraud in 2009 . </P> <H3> Twenty20 Internationals ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Twenty20 International and Women 's Twenty20 International <P> The first Twenty20 International match was held on 5 August 2004 between the England and New Zealand women 's teams with New Zealand winning by nine runs </P> <P> On 17 February 2005 Australia defeated New Zealand in the first men 's full international Twenty20 match , played at Eden Park in Auckland . The game was played in a light - hearted manner -- both sides turned out in kit similar to that worn in the 1980s , the New Zealand team 's a direct copy of that worn by the Beige Brigade . Some of the players also sported moustaches / beards and hair styles popular in the 1980s taking part in a competition amongst themselves for best retro look , at the request of the Beige Brigade . Australia won the game comprehensively , and as the result became obvious towards the end of the NZ innings , the players and umpires took things less seriously -- Glenn McGrath jokingly replayed the Trevor Chappell underarm incident from a 1981 ODI between the two sides , and Billy Bowden showed him a mock red card ( red cards are not normally used in cricket ) in response . </P> <P> The first Twenty20 international in England was played between England and Australia at the Rose Bowl in Hampshire on 13 June 2005 , which England won by a margin of 100 runs , a record victory which lasted until 2007 . </P> <P> On 9 January 2006 Australia and South Africa met in the first international Twenty20 game in Australia . In a first , each player 's nickname appeared on the back of his uniform , rather than his surname . The international match drew a crowd of 38,894 people at The Gabba . Australia convincingly won the match with man of the match Damien Martyn scoring 96 runs . </P> <P> On 16 February 2006 New Zealand defeated West Indies in a tie - breaking bowl - out 3 -- 0 ; 126 runs were scored apiece in the game proper . The game was the last international match played by Chris Cairns -- NZC handed out life - size cardboard masks of his face to patrons as they entered the ground . </P> <P> Every two years an ICC World Twenty20 tournament is to take place , except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year , in which case it will be held the year before . The first tournament was in 2007 in South Africa where India defeated Pakistan in the final . Two Associate teams had played in the first tournament , selected through the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One , a 50 - over competition . In December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20 - over format to better prepare the teams . With six participants , two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money . The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009 . The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in West Indies in May 2010 , where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets . The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West - Indies , by defeating Sri Lanka at the finals . It was the first time in Cricket history when a T20 World Cup tournament took place in an Asian country . The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was won by Sri Lanka , by defeating India at the finals , where the tournament was held in Bangladesh . The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 was won by West - Indies , by defeating England at the finals , where the tournament was held in India . </P> <H3> Impact on the game ( edit ) </H3> Twenty20 matches can have some exciting displays such as when the batsmen run out to the pitch <P> Twenty20 cricket is claimed to have resulted in a more athletic and explosive form of cricket . Indian fitness coach Ramji Srinivasan declared in an interview with the Indian fitness website Takath.com , that Twenty20 had `` raised the bar '' in terms of fitness levels for all players , demanding higher levels of strength , speed , agility and reaction time from all players regardless of role in the team . Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the Indian Premier League . </P> <P> In June 2009 , speaking at the annual Cowdrey Lecture at Lord 's , former Australian wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist pushed for Twenty20 to be made an Olympic sport . `` It would , '' he said , `` be difficult to see a better , quicker or cheaper way of spreading the game throughout the world . '' </P> <H2> Match format and Rules ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Format ( edit ) </H3> <P> Twenty20 match format is a form of limited overs cricket in that it involves two teams , each with a single innings , the key feature being that each team bats for a maximum of 20 overs . In terms of visual format , the batting team members do not arrive from and depart to traditional dressing rooms , but come and go from a bench ( typically a row of chairs

The first T20 cricket match was played at

Where was the first t20 cricket match played?

8846142125131602541

Capture of USS Chesapeake - wikipedia <H1> Capture of USS Chesapeake </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Capture of USS Chesapeake </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the War of 1812 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Brilliant Achievement of the Shannon ... in boarding and capturing the United States Frigate Chesapeake off Boston , 1 June 1813 in fifteen minutes by W. Elmes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 1 June 1813 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> off Boston , Massachusetts , Boston Harbor , Atlantic Ocean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> British victory </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philip Broke </Td> <Td> James Lawrence † </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 38 - gun frigate 330 Sailors and Marines </Td> <Td> 1 38 - gun frigate 379 Sailors and Marines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 frigate damaged 23 killed 56 wounded </Td> <Td> 1 frigate captured ~ 48 killed ~ 331 captured ( 99 wounded ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Naval battles of the War of 1812 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Atlantic Ocean <Ul> <Li> USS Essex vs HMS Alert </Li> <Li> USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere </Li> <Li> Capture of HMS Frolic </Li> <Li> USS United States vs HMS Macedonian </Li> <Li> USS Constitution vs HMS Java </Li> <Li> Sinking of HMS Peacock </Li> <Li> Rappahannock River </Li> <Li> Capture of USS Chesapeake </Li> <Li> Capture of HMS Dominica </Li> <Li> Capture of USS Argus </Li> <Li> Capture of HMS Boxer </Li> <Li> Capture of USS Frolic </Li> <Li> Capture of HMS Epervier </Li> <Li> Sinking of HMS Reindeer </Li> <Li> Sinking of HMS Avon </Li> <Li> Fayal </Li> <Li> Capture of USS President </Li> <Li> Capture of HMS Cyane and HMS Levant </Li> <Li> Capture of HMS Penguin </Li> <Li> Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus </Li> </Ul> <P> East Coast </P> <Ul> <Li> Chesapeake Bay </Li> <Li> Alexandria </Li> <Li> Baltimore </Li> <Li> Hampden </Li> <Li> Fort Peter </Li> </Ul> <P> Great Lakes / Saint Lawrence River </P> <Ul> <Li> Lake Ontario </Li> <Li> 1st Sacket 's Harbor </Li> <Li> York </Li> <Li> Fort George </Li> <Li> 2nd Sacket 's Harbor </Li> <Li> Lake Erie </Li> <Li> Fort Oswego </Li> <Li> Lake Huron </Li> <Li> Lake Champlain </Li> </Ul> <P> West Indies / Gulf Coast </P> <Ul> <Li> La Guaira </Li> <Li> 1st Fort Bowyer </Li> <Li> Action of 13 December 1814 </Li> <Li> Lake Borgne </Li> <Li> New Orleans </Li> <Li> Fort St. Philip </Li> <Li> 2nd Fort Bowyer </Li> </Ul> <P> Pacific Ocean </P> <Ul> <Li> James Island </Li> <Li> Charles Island </Li> <Li> Nuku Hiva </Li> <Li> Downes Expedition </Li> <Li> Porter Expedition </Li> <Li> Typee Valley </Li> <Li> Valparaiso ( Capture of USS Essex ) </Li> <Li> Seringapatam Mutiny </Li> <Li> Action of 9 May 1814 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Capture of USS Chesapeake , or the Battle of Boston Harbor , was fought on 1 June 1813 , between the Royal Navy 's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake , as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain . The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed . This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side . </P> <P> At Boston , Captain James Lawrence took command of Chesapeake on 20 May 1813 , and on 1 June , put to sea to meet the waiting HMS Shannon , commanded by Captain Philip Broke , the frigate whose written challenge had just missed Chesapeake 's sailing . Chesapeake suffered early in the exchange of gunfire , having her wheel and fore topsail halyard shot away , rendering her unmanoeuvrable . Lawrence himself was mortally wounded and was carried below . The American crew , struggled to carry out their captain 's last order , `` Do n't give up the ship ! '' , but the British boarding party overwhelmed them . The battle was notably intense but of short duration , lasting ten to fifteen minutes , in which time 252 men were killed or wounded . Shannon 's captain was severely injured in fighting on the forecastle . Chesapeake and her crew were taken to Halifax , Nova Scotia , where the sailors were imprisoned ; the ship was repaired and taken into service by the Royal Navy . She was sold at Portsmouth , England in 1819 and broken up . Surviving timbers were used to build the nearby Chesapeake Mill in Wickham and can be seen and visited to this day . Shannon survived longer , being broken up in 1859 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Prelude <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Philip Broke and his naval gunnery </Li> <Li> 1.2 James Lawrence </Li> <Li> 1.3 Issuing a challenge </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Battle <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Gunnery duel </Li> <Li> 2.2 The British board </Li> <Li> 2.3 Chesapeake is taken </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 4 In Fiction </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Prelude ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Philip Broke and his naval gunnery ( edit ) </H3> Captain Philip Broke <P> During his long period in command of Shannon , Captain Philip Broke of the Royal Navy introduced many practical refinements to his ' great guns ' , which were virtually unheard of elsewhere in contemporary naval gunnery . He had ' dispart sights ' fitted to his 18 - pounder long guns , which improved aiming as they compensated for the narrowing of the barrels from the breech to the muzzle . He had adjustable tangent sights that would give accuracy at different ranges . He had the elevating ' quoins ' ( wedge - shaped pieces of wood placed under the breech ) of his long guns grooved to mark various degrees of elevation so that his guns could be reliably levelled to fire horizontally in any state of heeling of the ship under a press of sail . The carronades were similarly treated , but the elevating screws on these cannon were marked in paint . As the decks of contemporary ships curved upwards towards the stern and bows , he cut down the wheels on the `` up - slope '' side of each cannon 's carriage in order that all guns were level with the horizon . He also introduced a system where bearings were incised into the deck next to each gun ; fire could then be directed to any bearing independent of the ability of any particular gun crew to see the target . Fire from the whole battery could also be focused on any part of an enemy ship . </P> <P> Broke drilled his crew to an extremely high standard of naval gunnery ; he regularly had them fire at targets , such as floating barrels . Often these drills would be made into competitions to see which gun crew could hit the target and how fast they could do so . He even had his gun crews fire at targets ' blindfold ' to good effect ; they were only given the bearing to lay their gun on without being allowed to sight the gun on the target themselves . This constituted a very early example of ' director firing ' . </P> <P> In addition to these gunnery drills , Broke was fond of preparing hypothetical scenarios to test his crew . For example , after all hands had been drummed to quarters , he would inform them of a theoretical attack and see how they would act to defend the ship . Though the use of cutlasses in training was avoided a method of swordsmanship training called ' singlestick ' was regularly practised . This was a game employing roughly similar cuts , thrusts and parries as were used with the cutlass , but as it was played with wooden sticks with wicker hand guards ; hits , although painful , were not often dangerous . It soon developed quickness of eye and wrist . Many of the crew became very expert . </P> <H3> James Lawrence ( edit ) </H3> Captain James Lawrence <P> Commander Lawrence of the United States Navy returned from a successful war cruise having defeated the sloop HMS Peacock . He was promoted to captain for his victory , and received orders to take command of USS Chesapeake . It was not a command that he particularly wanted . He had hoped for the larger frigate USS Constitution instead . Lawrence travelled to Boston . He found that most of the former crew of Chesapeake had left over a dispute over prize money and had since been replaced . Lawrence 's prior experience of the British Navy worked against him . In his former battle with HMS Peacock the warship had been bravely fought , but the British gunnery had been nothing less than atrocious . His crew was laden with good seamen ; however , they lacked the time working together that was needed to change a collection of good seamen into an efficient fighting crew . Lawrence 's assumptions concerning the poor quality of the opposition would leave him over-confident in facing the adversary he was about to encounter . </P> <H3> Issuing a challenge ( edit ) </H3> HMS Shannon , depicted in 1855 near the end of her working life <P> Eager to engage and defeat one of the American frigates that had already scored a number of victories over the Royal Navy in single - ship confrontations , Broke prepared a challenge . USS President had already slipped out of the harbour under the cover of fog and had evaded the British . Constitution was undergoing extensive repairs and alterations and would not be ready for sea in the foreseeable future . However , Chesapeake appeared to be ready to put to sea . Consequently Broke decided to challenge Chesapeake , which had been refitting in Boston harbour under the command of Captain James Lawrence , offering single ship - to - ship combat . Whilst patrolling offshore , Shannon had intercepted and captured a number of American ships attempting to reach the harbour . After sending two of them off to Halifax , he found that his crew was being dangerously reduced . Broke therefore resorted to burning the rest of the prizes in order to conserve his highly trained crew in anticipation of the battle with Chesapeake . The boats from the burnt prizes were sent into Boston , carrying Broke 's oral invitation to Lawrence to come out and engage him . Broke had already sent Tenedos away in the hope that the more favourable odds would entice the Americans out , but eventually began to despair that Chesapeake would ever come out of the harbour . He finally decided to send a written challenge . In this he was copying his adversary . Lawrence had earlier in the war , when captain of the sloop of war Hornet , sent a written invitation to the captain of the British sloop of war Bonne Citoyenne to a single - ship contest . Lawrence 's offer had been declined . </P> <P> As the Chesapeake appears now ready for sea , I request you will do me the favour to meet the Shannon with her , ship to ship , to try the fortune of our respective flags . The Shannon mounts twenty - four guns upon her broadside and one light boat - gun ; 18 pounders upon her maindeck , and 32 - pounder carronades upon her quarterdeck and forecastle ; and is

The US ship captured off the coast of Massachusetts by the British was the

Which us ship was captured off the coast of massachusetts by the british?

1393634180793653648

, discovered by Oskar Klein in 1928 , presented further quantum mechanical objections to the notion of an electron confined within a nucleus . Derived from the Dirac equation , this clear and precise paradox showed that a high - energy electron approaching a potential barrier has a high probability of passing through the barrier , or escaping , by transforming to a particle of negative mass . Apparently , an electron could not be confined within a nucleus by any potential well . The meaning of this paradox was intensely debated at the time . </P> <P> By about 1930 it was generally recognized that it was difficult to reconcile the proton -- electron model for nuclei with the Heisenberg uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics . This relation , Δx ⋅ Δp ≥ 1⁄2ħ , implies that an electron confined to a region the size of an atomic nucleus has an expected kinetic energy of 10 -- 100 MeV . This energy is larger than the observed energy of beta particles emitted from the nucleus . The expected electron energy is also larger than the binding energy of nucleons , which Aston and others had shown to be less than 9 MeV per nucleon . </P> <P> While all these considerations did not `` prove '' an electron could not exist in the nucleus , they were challenging for physicists to interpret . In his 1931 textbook , Gamow summarized all these contradictions . Adding to the confusion in interpretation , the continuous energy distribution of beta decay electrons seemed to indicate that energy was not conserved by this `` nuclear electrons '' process . Indeed , Bohr , Gamow , Heisenberg and others considered the possibility that the laws of quantum mechanics were not applicable inside the nucleus . Such considerations were apparently reasonable , inasmuch as the laws of quantum mechanics had so recently overturned the laws of classical mechanics . The contradictions were mysterious and troublesome , until it was realized that there are no electrons in the nucleus . </P> <H2> Discovery of the neutron ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1930 , Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker in Giessen , Germany found that if the energetic alpha particles emitted from polonium fell on certain light elements , specifically beryllium ( Be ) , boron ( ) , or lithium ( Li ) , an unusually penetrating radiation was produced . Beryllium produced the most intense such radiation . Polonium is highly radioactive , producing energetic alpha radiation . Polonium was commonly used for such scattering experiments at the time . Since the observed radiation was not influenced by an electric field ( neutrons have no charge ) , it was thought to be gamma radiation . The radiation was more penetrating than any gamma rays known , and the details of experimental results were difficult to interpret . </P> A schematic diagram of the experiment used to discover the neutron in 1932 . At left , a polonium source was used to irradiate beryllium with alpha particles , which induced an uncharged radiation . When this radiation struck paraffin wax , protons were ejected . The protons were observed using a small ionization chamber . Adapted from Chadwick ( 1932 ) . <P> Two years later Irène Joliot - Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris showed that if this unknown radiation fell on paraffin wax , or any other hydrogen - containing compound , it ejected protons of very high energy ( 5 MeV ) . This observation was not in itself inconsistent with the assumed gamma ray nature of the new radiation , but that interpretation ( Compton scattering ) had a logical problem . From energy and momentum considerations , a gamma ray would have to have impossibly high energy ( 50 MeV ) to scatter a massive proton . In Rome , the young physicist Ettore Majorana declared that the manner in which the new radiation interacted with protons required a new neutral particle . </P> <P> On hearing of the Paris results , neither Rutherford nor James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory believed the gamma ray hypothesis . Assisted by Norman Feather , Chadwick quickly performed a series of experiments showing that the gamma ray hypothesis was untenable . The previous year , Chadwick , J.E.R. Constable , and E.C. Pollard had already conducted experiments on disintegrating light elements using alpha radiation from polonium . They had also developed more accurate and efficient methods for detecting , counting , and recording the ejected protons . Chadwick repeated the creation of the radiation using beryllium and aimed the radiation at paraffin following the Paris experiment . Paraffin wax is a hydrocarbon high in hydrogen content , hence offers a target dense with protons ; since neutrons and protons have almost equal mass , protons scatter energetically from neutrons . Chadwick measured the range of these protons , and also measured how the new radiation impacted the atoms of various gases . He found that the new radiation consisted of not gamma rays , but uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton . These particles were neutrons . Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1935 . </P> <P> The year 1932 was later referred to as the `` annus mirabilis '' for nuclear physics in the Cavendish Laboratory , with discoveries of the neutron , artificial nuclear disintegration by the Cockcroft -- Walton particle accelerator , and the positron . </P> <H2> Proton -- neutron model of the nucleus ( edit ) </H2> Models depicting the nucleus and electron energy levels in hydrogen , helium , lithium , and neon atoms . In reality , the diameter of the nucleus is about 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of the atom . <P> Given the problems of the proton -- electron model , it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons , although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear . Within months after the discovery of the neutron , Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton -- neutron models for the nucleus . Heisenberg 's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics . While Heisenberg 's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a `` major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system , '' he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons . In particular , Heisenberg assumed the neutron was a proton -- electron composite , for which there is no quantum mechanical explanation . Heisenberg had no explanation for how lightweight electrons could be bound within the nucleus . Heisenberg introduced the first theory of nuclear exchange forces that bind the nucleons . He considered protons and neutrons to be different quantum states of the same particle , i.e. , nucleons distinguished by the value of their nuclear isospin quantum numbers . </P> <P> The proton -- neutron model explained the puzzle of dinitrogen . When N was proposed to consist of 3 pairs each of protons and neutrons , with an additional unpaired neutron and proton each contributing a spin of ​ ⁄ ħ in the same direction for a total spin of 1 ħ , the model became viable . Soon , neutrons were used to naturally explain spin differences in many different nuclides in the same way . </P> <P> If the proton -- neutron model for the nucleus resolved many issues , it highlighted the problem of explaining the origins of beta radiation . No existing theory could account for how electrons , or positrons , could emanate from the nucleus . In 1934 , Enrico Fermi published his classic paper describing the process of beta decay , in which the neutron decays to a proton by creating an electron and a ( as yet undiscovered ) neutrino . The paper employed the analogy that photons , or electromagnetic radiation , were similarly created and destroyed in atomic processes . Ivanenko had suggested a similar analogy in 1932 . Fermi 's theory requires the neutron to be a spin - 1⁄2 particle . The theory preserved the principle of conservation of energy , which had been thrown into question by the continuous energy distribution of beta particles . The basic theory for beta decay proposed by Fermi was the first to show how particles could be created and destroyed . It established a general , basic theory for the interaction of particles by weak or strong forces . While this influential paper has stood the test of time , the ideas within it were so new that when it was first submitted to the journal Nature in 1933 it was rejected as being too speculative . </P> <H2> The nature of the neutron ( edit ) </H2> Seventh Solvay Conference , 1933 . <P> The question of whether the neutron was a composite particle of a proton and an electron persisted for a few years after its discovery . In 1932 Harrie Massey explored a model for a composite neutron to account for its great penetrating power through matter and its electrical neutrality , for example . The issue was a legacy of the prevailing view from the 1920s that the only elementary particles were the proton and electron . The nature of the neutron was a primary topic of discussion at the 7th Solvay Conference held in October 1933 , attended by Heisenberg , Niels Bohr , Lise Meitner , Ernest Lawrence , Fermi , Chadwick , and others . As posed by Chadwick in his Bakerian Lecture in 1933 , the primary question was the mass of the neutron relative to the proton . If the neutron 's mass was less than the combined masses of a proton and an electron ( 7000100780000000000 ♠ 1.0078 u ) , then the neutron could be a proton - electron composite because of the mass defect from the binding energy . If greater than the combined masses , then the neutron was elementary like the proton . The question was challenging to answer because the electron 's mass is only 0.05 % of the proton 's , hence exceptionally precise measurements were required . </P> <P> The difficulty of making the measurement is illustrated by the wide - ranging values for the mass of the neutron obtained from 1932 - 1934 . The accepted value today is 7000100865999999999 ♠ 1.008 66 u . In Chadwick 's 1932 paper reporting on the discovery , he estimated the mass of the neutron to be between 7000100499999999999 ♠ 1.005 u and 7000100800000000000 ♠ 1.008 u . By bombarding boron with alpha particles , Frédéric and Irène Joliot - Curie obtained a high value of 7000101200000000000 ♠ 1.012 u , while Ernest Lawrence 's team at the University of California measured the small value 7000100060000000000 ♠ 1.0006 u using their new cyclotron . </P> <P> In 1935 Chadwick and his doctoral student Maurice Goldhaber resolved the issue by reporting the first accurate measurement of the mass of the neutron . They used the 2.6 MeV gamma rays of Thallium - 208 ( Tl ) ( then known as thorium C `` ) to photodisintegrate the deuteron </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> + </Td> <Td> γ </Td> <Td> → </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> + </Td> <Td> n </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Dd> </Dl> <P> In this reaction , the resulting proton and neutron have about equal kinetic energy , since their masses are about equal . The kinetic energy of the resulting proton could be measured ( 0.24 MeV ) , and therefore the deuteron 's binding energy could be determined ( 2.6 MeV - 2 ( 0.24 MeV ) = 2.1 MeV , or 6997230000000000000 ♠ 0.0023 u ) . The neutron 's mass could then be determined by the simple mass balance </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Table> <Tr> <Td> m </Td> <Td> + </Td> <Td> b.e. </Td> <Td> = </Td> <Td> m </Td> <Td> + </Td> <Td> m </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Dd> </Dl> <P> where m refer to the deuteron , proton , or neutron

The initial concept of protons and neutrons was developed by

Who came up with the initial concept of protons and neutrons?

-7784622653428827347

2018 Major League Baseball season - wikipedia <H1> 2018 Major League Baseball season </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2018 MLB season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League </Th> <Td> Major League Baseball </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sport </Th> <Td> Baseball </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> March 29 -- October 31 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of games </Th> <Td> 162 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of teams </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Regular season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> League Postseason </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> World Series </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> MLB seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 2017 2019 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29 , 2018 , and is scheduled to end on September 30 . The postseason will begin on October 2 . The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23 , and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31 . </P> <P> The 2018 MLB Draft will be held from June 4 to 6 in Secaucus , New Jersey . </P> <P> The 89th Major League Baseball All - Star Game will be held on July 17 at Nationals Park , the home of the Washington Nationals . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Schedule </Li> <Li> 2 Rule changes </Li> <Li> 3 Standings <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Division </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Managerial changes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 General managers <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Offseason </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Field managers <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Offseason </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 In -- season </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 League leaders <Ul> <Li> 5.1 American League </Li> <Li> 5.2 National League </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Milestones <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Batters </Li> <Li> 6.2 Pitchers <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 No - hitters </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Other pitching accomplishments </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Uniforms <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Wholesale changes </Li> <Li> 7.2 Alternate changes </Li> <Li> 7.3 Anniversaries and special events </Li> <Li> 7.4 Other uniforms </Li> <Li> 7.5 Throwbacks </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Broadcast rights <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Television <Ul> <Li> 8.1. 1 National </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8.2 Radio <Ul> <Li> 8.2. 1 Local </Li> <Li> 8.2. 2 National </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8.3 Digital </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Retired numbers </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Schedule ( edit ) </H2> <P> As has been the case since 2013 , all teams will play their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games . They will play six or seven games against each of the other 10 same - league opponents for a total of 66 games , and 20 inter-league games . The primary inter-league match - ups are AL East vs NL East , AL Central vs NL Central , and AL West vs NL West . Since `` natural rivalry '' matchups are part of the three - year divisional rotation , the schedule format for interleague games will be different from previous years . The 20 interleague games each team will play will consist of two three - game series ( one home , one away ) against its natural rival ( total of six games ) , two two - game series ( one home , one away ) against each team for two other opponents ( total of eight games ) , and a single three - game series against each team for the last two ( one home , one away ; total of six games ) . </P> <P> Under the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016 , the regular season has been extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off - days for all teams . All teams were scheduled to play Opening Day , March 29 -- the earliest domestic start of a regular season in MLB history . There will no longer be a Sunday - night game on the final Sunday before the All - Star Game . A single , nationally televised afternoon game will be played on the Thursday after the All - Star Game ( which for 2018 , will be played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs ) , before all other teams return from break the next day . </P> <P> The Minnesota Twins and the Cleveland Indians played a two - game series at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan , Puerto Rico on April 17 and 18 , while the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres will play a three - game series at Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey , Mexico from May 4 to 6 . The Little League Classic game at BB&T Ballpark in Williamsport , Pennsylvania , coinciding with the Little League World Series , will return to the schedule . It will be played between the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets on August 19 . </P> <H2> Rule changes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Beginning in the 2018 season , MLB implemented new pace of play rules , which include limiting the amount of mound visits for each team to six visits per nine innings . Teams will receive an additional visit for every extra inning played . </P> <H2> Standings ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Division ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> American League </Th> <Th> National League </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> American League East </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Pct . </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boston Red Sox </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0.792 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 8 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Yankees </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 0.625 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Toronto Blue Jays </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0.583 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tampa Bay Rays </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 0.435 </Td> <Td> 81⁄2 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Baltimore Orioles </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 0.240 </Td> <Td> 131⁄2 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> American League Central </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Pct . </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cleveland Indians </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0.565 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Detroit Tigers </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 0.435 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota Twins </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0.400 </Td> <Td> 31⁄2 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago White Sox </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 0.273 </Td> <Td> 61⁄2 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kansas City Royals </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 0.217 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> American League West </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Pct . </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston Astros </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 0.654 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles Angels </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 0.640 </Td> <Td> 1⁄2 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seattle Mariners </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0.583 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 9 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oakland Athletics </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0.520 </Td> <Td> 31⁄2 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 6 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Texas Rangers </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 0.346 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> National League East </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Pct . </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Mets </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 0.652 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philadelphia Phillies </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 0.625 </Td> <Td> 1⁄2 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta Braves </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0.583 </Td> <Td> 11⁄2 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Washington Nationals </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 0.440 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miami Marlins </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 0.292 </Td> <Td> 81⁄2 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> National League Central </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Pct . </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> St. Louis Cardinals </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 0.625 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 7 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Milwaukee Brewers </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0.615 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 8 -- 6 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pittsburgh Pirates </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 0.560 </Td> <Td> 11⁄2 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago Cubs </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0.545 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cincinnati Reds </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 0.200 </Td> <Td> 101⁄2 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 11 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> National League West </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Pct . </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arizona Diamondbacks </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0.708 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 9 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Colorado Rockies </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0.538 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 9 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles Dodgers </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 0.478 </Td> <Td> 51⁄2 </Td> <Td> 7 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Francisco Giants </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 0.458 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Diego Padres </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 0.346 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Managerial changes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> General managers ( edit ) </H3> Offseason ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Former GM </Th> <Th> Reason For Leaving </Th> <Th> New GM </Th> <Th> Story / Accomplishments </Th> </Tr>

The regular season in MLB starts on

When does the regular season start in mlb?

5139066537796894038

The Flash ( season 4 ) - wikipedia <H1> The Flash ( season 4 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Flash ( season 4 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Promotional poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Grant Gustin </Li> <Li> Candice Patton </Li> <Li> Danielle Panabaker </Li> <Li> Carlos Valdes </Li> <Li> Keiynan Lonsdale </Li> <Li> Neil Sandilands </Li> <Li> Tom Cavanagh </Li> <Li> Jesse L. Martin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> The CW </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of The Flash episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The fourth season of the American television series The Flash , which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities . It is set in the Arrowverse , sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe , and is a spin - off of Arrow . The season is produced by Berlanti Productions , Warner Bros. Television , and DC Entertainment , with Andrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners . </P> <P> The season was ordered in January 2017 , and filming began that July . Grant Gustin stars as Barry , with principal cast members Candice Patton , Danielle Panabaker , Carlos Valdes , Keiynan Lonsdale , Tom Cavanagh , and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons , and are joined by Neil Sandilands . </P> <P> The fourth season began airing on October 10 , 2017 , and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Episodes </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Writing </Li> <Li> 3.3 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.4 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.5 Music </Li> <Li> 3.6 Arrowverse tie - ins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 4.2 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of The Flash episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Iris has been aiding Team Flash in Central City for six months , but refuses to grieve Barry . A flying samurai with superpowers appears in Central City , threatening to destroy the city if the real Flash does not face him . Cisco reveals he has formulated a way to bring back Barry without destabilizing the Speed Force and tracks down Caitlin for help , but is forbidden by Iris to bring Barry back . Against Iris ' orders , Team Flash successfully returns Barry , who rambles random statements and continually writes symbols on the walls . Wally engages the samurai , but is defeated . Cisco deciphers Barry 's writings and finds an apparently meaningless sentence . In an attempt to recover Barry 's memories , Iris gives herself up to the samurai . The plan works and Barry speeds away , rescuing Iris and defeating the samurai , who is revealed to be an android . Caitlin rejoins Team Flash , but is revealed to have been working for a mobster called Amunet , while also continuing to prevent the Killer Frost personality from emerging . The `` Samuroid '' is revealed to have been controlled by the Thinker , whose plan was to draw out the Flash for his next schemes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When Barry , Joe , and Cisco report to a crime scene , they discover remnants of a mysterious code . Cisco presents Barry with a technologically advanced suit , intended to facilitate his activities . He tests it out , trying to save someone from a haywire car controlled by metahuman Ramsey Deacon . Gypsy arrives on Earth - 1 for a date with Cisco , who is forced to cancel it so as to focus on Deacon . Acting on a suggestion from Caitlin , Iris signs her and Barry up for couples therapy to sort out their relationship . Deacon kidnaps a witness , a former member of a tech team that stole his idea for profit . Barry and Wally go to save him , but Deacon uses his abilities to send Barry 's suit haywire . On Iris ' instruction , Barry throws lightning at himself , shorting out his suit . He then incapacitates Deacon , who is locked up in the meta wing of Iron Heights , revealed to be part of the Thinker 's plan . Cisco finally goes out with Gypsy . Wondering how Deacon gained his powers being absent during the particle accelerator incident , Barry and Joe learn from Deacon that there are `` others . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. Kevorkian </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13403 </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> In flashbacks , the Thinker observes Becky Sharpe , a woman with seemingly unending bad luck , and determines that she will be easily manipulated . In the present , Becky robs a bank and gets away when Barry slips on marbles . Harry arrives from Earth - 2 and tells Wally that Jesse has decided to break up with him in order to focus on her vigilantism . Cisco deduces that Becky is a metahuman with the power of favorable luck while inducing misfortune to others . Barry realizes that the portal he used to escape the Speed Force exposed an entire busload of people , including Becky and Deacon , to transformative dark matter . Harry informs Cisco that Jesse has expelled him from her crime - fighting team due to his attitude . Becky 's powers expand out of control , reactivating the particle accelerator , which Harry deliberately allows , nullifying Becky 's powers and leading to her incarceration . Cisco and Harry identify twelve new metahumans created on the bus and the latter suspects that an unknown party has manipulated the events surrounding Barry 's return . Wally decides to leave on a journey to find himself . The Thinker is revealed to be spying on S.T.A.R. Labs through the `` Samuroid '' helmet . Joe learns Cecile is pregnant . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Elongated Journey Into Night '' </Td> <Td> Tom Cavanagh </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13404 </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Gypsy 's father , Breacher , attacks Cisco , vowing to hunt and kill him in 24 hours , allowing the romance should he survive . Team Flash learns that the bus driver was murdered and tracks down another passenger , Ralph Dibny , former corrupt CCPD detective exposed by Barry and currently an infamous private investigator . As two thugs attack Dibny , he is revealed to have the power to stretch . Caitlin stabilizes his powers with a serum . The team learns that Ralph has been blackmailing Mayor Bellows for adultery , with the latter revealed to have hired the thugs . Barry confronts Ralph for his actions while the latter scolds him , claiming to have been a `` good cop '' . He later stops blackmailing Bellows , who still attempts to kill him while Breacher mistakes the former for a Plastoid , the species that invaded Earth - 19 previously , and attacks him . Cisco intervenes and saves Ralph , whom Barry , having revealed his alter - ego , convinces to help arrest an escaping Bellows . Admiring Cisco 's gallantry , Breacher allows the relationship . Barry recruits Ralph for Team Flash and learns that someone named DeVoe instructed Ralph to watch Bellows . Barry remembers that Abra Kadabra and Savitar both mentioned DeVoe . Meanwhile , Caitlin finds a message on her apartment door . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> Laura Belsey </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13405 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> While failing to track DeVoe , Team Flash is visited by Felicity , who joins Iris 's bachelorette party . Mocking Cisco 's plans for Barry 's bachelor party , Ralph takes the men to a strip club , where they learn that Cecile 's daughter , Joanie , is working . Joe confronts her , who states she is only doing feminist research . Ralph incites a brawl , leading to the men 's arrest until Harry posts bail . Meanwhile , Amunet 's enforcer , Norvock , demands Caitlin 's return and attacks the women when she refuses . Killer Frost emerges and repels him , later telling Iris that Caitlin accepted Amunet 's employment in exchange for the means to control Frost . Learning that Amunet is holding a metahuman she calls `` the Weeper '' , whose tears are a strong narcotic , prisoner and intends to sell him , Iris 's party decides to stop her . Though Caitlin refuses to join , she attacks Amunet when seeing her friends in danger . Using a strong magnet , the team robs Amunet 's metal shards , leaving her powerless . Iris dissuades Frost from killing Amunet , who promises revenge . Both parties refuse to tell each other about their adventures . Iris asks Caitlin to be her maid of honor while Joe convinces Joanie to tell Cecile about her research . DeVoe captures the Weeper . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 75 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` When Harry Met Harry ... '' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry trains Ralph to use his abilities , with Cisco making a stretchable suit for him . Another bus metahuman , a Lakota Sioux Native named Mina Chayton , who can animate statues , starts attacking Central City & stealing pieces of a Black Bison necklace , which she claims belongs to her tribe . When Barry and Ralph catch up to her , she attacks Barry with a caveman statue and attempts a getaway . Ralph chooses to stop her , but a

Season 4 of The Flash is coming out

When is season 4 of flash coming out?

3422083454959003122

Malonyl - CoA - wikipedia <H1> Malonyl - CoA </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Malonyl - CoA <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CAS Number </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 524 - 14 - 1 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ChemSpider </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 10213 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ECHA InfoCard </Td> <Td> 100.007. 596 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MeSH </Td> <Td> Malonyl + CoA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PubChem CID </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 869 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> InChI ( show ) <Ul> <Li> InChI = 1S / C24H38N7O19P3S / c1 - 24 ( 2 , 19 ( 37 ) 22 ( 38 ) 27 - 4 - 3 - 13 ( 32 ) 26 - 5 - 6 - 54 - 15 ( 35 ) 7 - 14 ( 33 ) 34 ) 9 - 47 - 53 ( 44 , 45 ) 50 - 52 ( 42 , 43 ) 46 - 8 - 12 - 18 ( 49 - 51 ( 39 , 40 ) 41 ) 17 ( 36 ) 23 ( 48 - 12 ) 31 - 11 - 30 - 16 - 20 ( 25 ) 28 - 10 - 29 - 21 ( 16 ) 31 / h10 - 12 , 17 - 19 , 23 , 36 - 37H , 3 - 9H2 , 1 - 2H3 , ( H , 26 , 32 ) ( H , 27 , 38 ) ( H , 33 , 34 ) ( H , 42 , 43 ) ( H , 44 , 45 ) ( H2 , 25 , 28 , 29 ) ( H2 , 39 , 40 , 41 ) / t12 - , 17 - , 18 - , 19 ? , 23 - / m1 / s1 Key : LTYOQGRJFJAKNA - VFLPNFFSSA - N </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chemical formula </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molar mass </Td> <Td> 853.582 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Except where otherwise noted , data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) , 100 kPa ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Y verify ( what is ? ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Infobox references </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Malonyl - CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Functions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Fatty acid biosynthesis </Li> <Li> 1.2 Polypeptide biosynthesis </Li> <Li> 1.3 Regulation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Functions ( edit ) </H2> <P> It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis . </P> <H3> Fatty acid biosynthesis ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the former , it provides 2 - carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis . </P> <P> Malonyl - CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl - CoA using the enzyme acetyl - CoA carboxylase . One molecule of acetyl - CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate , requiring energy rendered from ATP . </P> <P> Malonyl - CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A : acyl carrier protein transacylase ( MCAT ) . MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl - CoA to the terminal thiol of holo - acyl carrier protein ( ACP ) . </P> <H3> Polypeptide biosynthesis ( edit ) </H3> <P> MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis . The enzyme MCAT together with an acyl carrier protein ( ACP ) , and a polyketide synthase ( PKS ) and chain - length factor heterodimer , constitutes the minimal PKS of type II polyketides . </P> <H3> Regulation ( edit ) </H3> <P> Malonyl - CoA is a highly regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis ; as such , it inhibits the rate - limiting step in beta - oxidation of fatty acids . Malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulating the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase , thereby preventing them from entering the mitochondria , where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Malonyl - CoA decarboxylase </Li> <Li> Malonyl - CoA decarboxylase deficiency </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Nelson D , Cox M ( 2008 ) Lehninger principles of biochemistry . 5th Ed : p. 806 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hope for new way to beat obesity </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Fatty - acid metabolic intermediates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Synthesis </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Acetyl - CoA </Li> <Li> Malonyl - CoA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Degradation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Acyl - CoA </Li> <Li> Acetyl - CoA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Peroxisomal </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Phytol </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Phytanic acid </Li> <Li> Phytanoyl - CoA </Li> <Li> Pristanic acid </Li> <Li> Propionyl - CoA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mevalonic acid </Li> <Li> Very long chain fatty acid </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Metabolism portal </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malonyl-CoA&oldid=818838877 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Metabolism </Li> <Li> Thioesters of coenzyme A </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles without InChI source </Li> <Li> Articles without EBI source </Li> <Li> Articles without KEGG source </Li> <Li> Articles without UNII source </Li> <Li> ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata </Li> <Li> Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> تۆرکجه </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 5 January 2018 , at 22 : 06 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The role of malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis is

Role of malonyl coa in fatty acid synthesis?

3786291662182153375

variants used in text , visual art , heraldry , and in various confessional contexts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of use <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Pre-Christian </Li> <Li> 1.2 Instrument of execution </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early Christian </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 In contemporary Christianity </Li> <Li> 3 Exclusion </Li> <Li> 4 Notable individual crosses </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of use ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Pre-Christian ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cross <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section may stray from the topic of the article . Please help improve this section or discuss this issue on the talk page . ( July 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The cross-shaped sign , represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles , greatly predates the introduction of Christianity , in both East and West . It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization . It is supposed to have been used not just for its ornamental value , but also with religious significance . It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation . It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Ankh <P> Another associated symbol is the ansated cross ( ankh or crux ansata ) used in ancient Egypt . It was often depicted in the hands of the goddess Sekhmet , and as a hieroglyphic sign of life or of the living . Egyptian Christians ( Copts ) adopted it as the emblem of the cross . In his book , The Worship of the Dead , Colonel J. Garnier wrote : `` The cross in the form of the ' Crux Ansata ' ... was carried in the hands of the Egyptian priests and Pontiff kings as the symbol of their authority as priests of the Sun god and was called ' the Sign of Life ' . '' </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Ndj & nfr <P> Another Egyptian symbol is the Ndj ( Cross-ndj ( hieroglyph ) ) - Uses for the hieroglyph : 1 -- `` to protect , guard , avenge '' , and `` protector , advocate , avenger '' 2 -- `` homage to thee '' , ( a form of salutation to gods ) 3 -- `` discuss a matter with someone '' , `` to converse '' , `` to take counsel '' . Yet another Egyptian symbol is the nfr - meaning : beauty or perfect . </P> <P> In the Bronze Age a representation of the cross as conceived in Christian art appeared , and the form was popularised . The more precise characterization coincided with a corresponding general change in customs and beliefs . The cross then came into use in various forms on many objects : fibulas , cinctures , earthenware fragments , and on the bottom of drinking vessels . De Mortillet believed that such use of the sign was not merely ornamental , but rather a symbol of consecration , especially in the case of objects pertaining to burial . In the proto - Etruscan cemetery of Golasecca every tomb has a vase with a cross engraved on it . True crosses of more or less artistic design have been found in Tiryns , at Mycenæ , in Crete , and on a fibula from Vulci . </P> <P> According to W.E. Vine , the cross was used by worshipers of Tammuz , an Ancient Near East deity of Babylonian origin who had the cross-shaped taw ( tau ) as his symbol . </P> <H3> Instrument of execution ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Instrument of Jesus ' crucifixion , crux simplex , and tau cross <P> John Pearson , Bishop of Chester ( c. 1660 ) wrote in his commentary on the Apostles ' Creed that the Greek word stauros originally signified `` a straight standing Stake , Pale , or Palisador '' , but that , `` when other transverse or prominent parts were added in a perfect Cross , it retained still the Original Name '' , and he declared : `` The Form then of the Cross on which our Saviour suffered was not a simple , but a compounded , Figure , according to the Custom of the Romans , by whose Procurator he was condemned to die . In which there was not only a straight and erected piece of Wood fixed in the Earth , but also a transverse Beam fastned unto that towards the top thereof '' . </P> <P> In this he was in accord with the Early Christian descriptions of the execution cross . </P> A cross in Kerala <H3> Early Christian ( edit ) </H3> See also : Early Christian descriptions and Early Christian symbols The Alexamenos graffito The Sinai icon of Christ Pantocrator ( 6th century ) , showing Christ with a cruciform halo and holding a book adorned with a crux gemmata <P> During the first two centuries of Christianity , the cross was rare in Christian iconography , as it depicts a purposely painful and gruesome method of public execution and Christians were reluctant to use it . A symbol similar to the cross , the staurogram , was used to abbreviate the Greek word for cross in very early New Testament manuscripts such as P66 , P45 and P75 , almost like a nomen sacrum ( nomina sacra ) . The extensive adoption of the cross as Christian iconographic symbol arose from the 4th century . </P> <P> However , the cross symbol was already associated with Christians in the 2nd century , as is indicated in the anti-Christian arguments cited in the Octavius of Minucius Felix , chapters IX and XXIX , written at the end of that century or the beginning of the next , and by the fact that by the early 3rd century the cross had become so closely associated with Christ that Clement of Alexandria , who died between 211 and 216 , could without fear of ambiguity use the phrase τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον ( the Lord 's sign ) to mean the cross , when he repeated the idea , current as early as the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas , that the number 318 ( in Greek numerals , ΤΙΗ ) in Genesis 14 : 14 was interpreted as a foreshadowing ( a `` type '' ) of the cross ( T , an upright with crossbar , standing for 300 ) and of Jesus ( ΙΗ , the first two letter of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ , standing for 18 ) , and his contemporary Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi , i.e. `` devotees of the Cross '' . In his book De Corona , written in 204 , Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross . The crucifix , a cross upon which an image of Christ is present , is not known to have been used until the 6th century AD . </P> <P> The oldest extant depiction of the execution of Jesus in any medium seems to be the second - century or early third - century relief on a jasper gemstone meant for use as an amulet , which is now in the British Museum in London . It portrays a naked bearded man whose arms are tied at the wrists by short strips to the transom of a T - shaped cross . An inscription in Greek on the obverse contains an invocation of the redeeming crucified Christ . On the reverse a later inscription by a different hand combines magical formulae with Christian terms . The catalogue of a 2007 exhibition says : `` The appearance of the Crucifixion on a gem of such an early date suggests that pictures of the subject ( now lost ) may have been widespread even in the late second or early third century , most likely in conventional Christian contexts '' . </P> <P> The Jewish Encyclopedia says : </P> <P> The cross as a Christian symbol or `` seal '' came into use at least as early as the second century ( see `` Apost . Const . '' iii. 17 ; Epistle of Barnabas , xi. - xii. ; Justin , `` Apologia , '' i . 55 - 60 ; `` Dial . cum Tryph . '' 85 - 97 ) ; and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons ( Tertullian , `` De Corona , '' iii. ; Cyprian , `` Testimonies , '' xi. 21 -- 22 ; Lactantius , `` Divinæ Institutiones , '' iv. 27 , and elsewhere ) . Accordingly the Christian Fathers had to defend themselves , as early as the second century , against the charge of being worshipers of the cross , as may be learned from Tertullian , `` Apologia , '' xii. , xvii. , and Minucius Felix , `` Octavius , '' xxix . Christians used to swear by the power of the cross </P> <H2> In contemporary Christianity ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Cross necklace A crucifix on the wall of a church Christian crosses at a joint service for the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity A man holding several Orthodox Catholic pectoral crosses <P> Catholics , Orthodox Catholic , Oriental Orthodox , members of the major branches of Christianity with other adherents as Lutheranism and Anglicans , and others often make the Sign of the Cross upon themselves . This was already a common Christian practice in the time of Tertullian . </P> <P> The Feast of the Cross is an important Christian feast . One of the twelve Great Feasts in Orthodox Catholic is the Exaltation of the Cross on September 14 , which commemorates the consecration of the basilica on the site where the original cross of Jesus was reportedly discovered in 326 by Helena of Constantinople , mother of Constantine the Great . The Catholic Church celebrates the feast on the same day and under the same name ( In Exaltatione Sanctae Crucis ) , though in English it has been called the feast of the Triumph of the Cross . </P> <P> Roman Catholic , Eastern Orthodox and Anglican bishops place a cross ( + ) before their name when signing a document . The dagger symbol ( † ) placed after the name of a dead person ( often with the date of death ) is sometimes taken to be a Christian cross . </P> <H2> Exclusion ( edit ) </H2> Death on a pole , one of the many forms presented in Justus Lipsius 's De Cruce See also : Instrument of Jesus ' crucifixion <P> Although Christians accepted that the cross was the gallows on which Jesus died , they had already begun in the 2nd century to use it as a Christian symbol . During the first three centuries of the Christian era the cross was `` a symbol of minor importance '' when compared to the prominence given to it later , but by the second century it was nonetheless so closely associated with Christians that Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi , i.e. `` devotees of the Cross '' . and it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross . Martin Luther at the time of the Reformation retained

The crucifix became the symbol of Christianity in the

When did the crucifix become the symbol of christianity?

-8052136860650205450

Rainy Days and Mondays - Wikipedia <H1> Rainy Days and Mondays </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Carpenters </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Carpenters </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Saturday '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> May 21 , 1971 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1971 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> A&M 1260 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Paul Williams ; Roger Nichols </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jack Daugherty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Carpenters singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` For All We Know '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Superstar '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` For All We Know '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Superstar '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Carpenters track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Dl> <Dt> Side one </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' </Li> <Li> `` Saturday '' </Li> <Li> `` Let Me Be the One '' </Li> <Li> `` ( A Place to ) Hideaway '' </Li> <Li> `` For All We Know '' </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Side two </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Superstar '' </Li> <Li> `` Druscilla Penny '' </Li> <Li> `` One Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Bacharach / David Medley '' </Li> <Li> `` Sometimes '' </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' is a 1971 song by The Carpenters , with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew , that went to number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and it was the duo 's fourth number 1 song on the Adult Contemporary singles chart . However , the song failed to chart in the United Kingdom until it went to number 63 in a reissue there in 1993 . `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' was certified Gold by the RIAA . </P> <P> The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams . It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters , popularly known as the Tan Album , and the B - side on the single is `` Saturday '' , written and sung by Richard Carpenter . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Personnel </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Compilations </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Karen Carpenter - lead and backing vocals </Li> <Li> Richard Carpenter - backing vocals , piano , Wurlitzer electric piano , orchestration </Li> <Li> Joe Osborn - bass </Li> <Li> Hal Blaine - drums </Li> <Li> Tommy Morgan - harmonica </Li> <Li> Bob Messenger - alto saxophone </Li> </Ul> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1971 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Easy Listening </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japan ( Oricon ) </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 63 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1971 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Easy Listening ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Compilations ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Yesterday Once More </Li> <Li> From the Top </Li> <Li> Interpretations </Li> <Li> Love Songs </Li> <Li> The Essential Collection </Li> <Li> Carpenters : Gold 35th Anniversary Edition </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of number - one adult contemporary singles of 1971 ( U.S. ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hartman , Kent ( 2012 ) . The Wrecking Crew . St. Martin 's Griffin . pp. 261 -- 263 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 250 - 03046 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2002 ) . Top Adult Contemporary : 1961 - 2001 . Record Research . p. 47 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.5347&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.5347.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.5347 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` flavour of new zealand - search listener '' . Flavourofnz.co.nz . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.7590&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1971 / Top 100 Songs of 1971 '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard . Books.google.co.uk. 1971 - 12 - 25 . p. 15 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 2015 - 06 - 26 . Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 30 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Carpenters </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Karen Carpenter </Li> <Li> Richard Carpenter </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Offering ( Ticket to Ride ) </Li> <Li> Close to You </Li> <Li> Carpenters </Li> <Li> A Song for You </Li> <Li> Now & Then </Li> <Li> Horizon </Li> <Li> A Kind of Hush </Li> <Li> Passage </Li> <Li> Made in America </Li> <Li> Voice of the Heart </Li> <Li> Lovelines </Li> <Li> As Time Goes By </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Live in Japan </Li> <Li> Live at the Palladium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Singles : 1969 -- 1973 </Li> <Li> The Singles : 1974 -- 1978 </Li> <Li> The Very Best of the Carpenters </Li> <Li> Yesterday Once More </Li> <Li> Only Yesterday </Li> <Li> From the Top </Li> <Li> Interpretations : A 25th Anniversary Celebration </Li> <Li> Love Songs </Li> <Li> Reflections </Li> <Li> The Singles : 1969 -- 1981 </Li> <Li> The Essential Collection : 1965 -- 1997 </Li> <Li> Carpenters Perform Carpenter </Li> <Li> Gold : 35th Anniversary Edition </Li> <Li> The Ultimate Collection </Li> <Li> 40 / 40 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christmas Portrait </Li> <Li> An Old - Fashioned Christmas </Li> <Li> Time ( Richard Carpenter ) </Li> <Li> Karen Carpenter ( album ) </Li> <Li> Pianist , Arranger , Composer , Conductor ( Richard Carpenter ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Looking for Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Ticket to Ride '' </Li> <Li> `` ( They Long to Be ) Close to You '' </Li> <Li> `` We 've Only Just Begun '' </Li> <Li> `` Merry Christmas , Darling '' </Li> <Li> `` For All We Know '' </Li> <Li> `` Rainy Days and Mondays '' </Li> <Li> `` Superstar '' </Li> <Li> `` Bless the Beasts and Children '' </Li> <Li> `` Hurting Each Other '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's Going to Take Some Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Goodbye to Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Sing '' </Li> <Li> `` Yesterday Once More '' </Li> <Li> `` Top of the World '' </Li> <Li> `` Jambalaya ( On the Bayou ) '' </Li> <Li> `` I Wo n't Last a Day Without You '' </Li> <Li> `` Please Mr. Postman '' </Li> <Li> `` Santa Claus Is Comin ' to Town '' </Li> <Li> `` Only Yesterday '' </Li> <Li> `` Solitaire '' </Li> <Li> `` There 's a Kind of Hush ( All Over the World ) '' </Li> <Li> `` I Need to Be in Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Goofus '' </Li> <Li> `` Breaking Up Is Hard to Do '' </Li> <Li> `` All You Get from Love Is a Love Song '' </Li> <Li> `` Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft '' </Li> <Li> `` The Christmas Song ( Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Sweet , Sweet Smile '' </Li> <Li> `` I Believe You '' </Li> <Li> `` Touch Me When We 're Dancing '' </Li> <Li> `` ( Want You ) Back in My Life Again '' </Li> <Li> `` Those Good Old Dreams '' </Li> <Li> `` Beechwood 4 - 5789 '' </Li> <Li> `` Make Believe It 's Your First Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Your Baby Does n't Love You Anymore '' </Li> <Li> `` Now '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Altar Boy '' </Li> <Li> `` Honolulu City Lights '' </Li> <Li> `` Something in Your Eyes '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Had You '' </Li> <Li> `` Let Me Be the One '' </Li> <Li> `` Tryin ' to Get the Feeling Again '' </Li> <Li> `` Ave Maria '' </Li> <Li> `` The Rainbow Connection '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TV series / specials </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Make Your Own Kind of Music </Li> <Li> Live at the BBC </Li> <Li> Very First TV Special </Li> <Li> Space Encounters </Li> <Li> A Christmas Portrait </Li> <Li> Music , Music , Music </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> DVDs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gold : Greatest Hits </Li> <Li> Interpretations </Li> <Li> Close to You : Remembering the Carpenters </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Songs </Li> <Li> John Bettis </Li> <Li> Joe Osborn </Li> <Li> Tony Peluso </Li> <Li> If I Were a Carpenter </Li> <Li> The Karen Carpenter Story </Li> <Li> Superstar : The Karen Carpenter Story </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This 1970s single -- related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainy_Days_and_Mondays&oldid=819487864 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1971 singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Paul Williams ( songwriter ) </Li> <Li> Songs written by Roger Nichols ( songwriter ) </Li> <Li> The Carpenters songs </Li> <Li> Andy Williams songs </Li> <Li> Billboard Adult Contemporary number - one singles </Li> <Li> A&M Records singles </Li> <Li> 1971 songs </Li> <Li> 1970s single stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul>

The song "Rainy Days and Mondays" was written by

Who wrote the song rainy days and mondays?

-6778756826280337917

Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous - wikipedia <H1> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> John Pasquin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Sandra Bullock Marc Lawrence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Marc Lawrence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Characters by Marc Lawrence Katie Ford Caryn Lucas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sandra Bullock </Li> <Li> Regina King </Li> <Li> Enrique Murciano </Li> <Li> William Shatner </Li> <Li> Ernie Hudson </Li> <Li> Heather Burns </Li> <Li> Diedrich Bader </Li> <Li> Treat Williams </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> John Van Tongeren </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Peter Menzies Jr . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Garth Craven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Castle Rock Entertainment Village Roadshow Pictures Fortis Films </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Pictures ( US ) Roadshow Entertainment ( Australia & New Zealand ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> March 24 , 2005 ( 2005 - 03 - 24 ) ( US ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 115 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $60 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $101,393,569 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous ( also known as Miss Congeniality 2 ) is a 2005 American comedy film directed by John Pasquin , written and produced by Mark Lawrence , and starring Sandra Bullock , Regina King , Enrique Murciano , William Shatner , Ernie Hudson , Heather Burns , Diedrich Bader , and Treat Williams . It is the sequel to the 2000 film Miss Congeniality . </P> <P> Bullock , who also produced the film , commented during the film 's promotion on the type of story she wanted to tell : </P> <Dl> <Dd> I want women to be able to do the same thing that men get to do in comedies and say , ' That 's a comedy . ' Why does it always have to be a romantic comedy ? Why does the girl have to end up with the guy ? Why ca n't it be a buddy film ? </Dd> </Dl> <P> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on March 24 , 2005 and grossed $101 million worldwide . It was panned by most critics and received a 15 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several weeks after the events of the first film , FBI agent Gracie Hart has become a celebrity after she infiltrated the beauty pageant on her last assignment . Her fame resulted in her cover being blown while she is trying to prevent a bank heist . </P> <P> To capitalize on her publicity , the FBI decide to make Gracie the new `` face '' of the FBI . Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend , fellow Agent Eric Matthews ( who gets relocated to Miami ) , she agrees to the reassignment . </P> <P> When female FBI Agent Sam Fuller gets relocated to New York City from Chicago , Hart does n't take to her at all . Eventually , the FBI makes Fuller Hart 's bodyguard , much to Fuller 's disgust , since the dislike appears to be mutual . </P> <P> Ten months later she begins appearing on morning television shows , such as Live with Regis and Kelly , The Oprah Winfrey Show and the Food Channel , giving out fashion advice and promoting her book . </P> <P> However , when her friends , Miss United States Cheryl Fraser and Stan Fields are kidnapped in Las Vegas , Hart goes undercover to try to rescue them , accompanied by Fuller , following up her own lead after video footage of the abduction suggests that Fields was the target rather than Cheryl . This puts her at odds with the FBI , as they are unwilling to lose their mascot and are unsure if she 's still up to the task . </P> <P> The kidnappers move Cheryl and Stan to the ship at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino which they plan to blow up . Soon afterwards , Hart , Fuller and Joel arrive at the Oasis Drag club where they end up singing Tina Turner songs and are told by a Dolly Parton contestant where Cheryl and Stan are being held . It is then up to Hart to save the day once more , but this time with the help of Agent Fuller . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Sandra Bullock -- Gracie Hart </Li> <Li> Regina King -- Sam Fuller </Li> <Li> Enrique Murciano -- Jeff Foreman </Li> <Li> William Shatner -- Stan Fields </Li> <Li> Ernie Hudson -- Harry McDonald </Li> <Li> Heather Burns -- Cheryl Frasier ( Miss United States ) </Li> <Li> Diedrich Bader -- Joel </Li> <Li> Treat Williams -- Walter Collins </Li> <Li> John DiResta -- Agent Clonsky </Li> <Li> Abraham Benrubi -- Lou Steele </Li> <Li> Nick Offerman -- Karl Steele </Li> <Li> Eileen Brennan -- Carol Fields </Li> <Li> Stephen Tobolowsky -- Tom Abernathy </Li> <Li> Elisabeth Röhm -- Janet </Li> <Li> Leslie Grossman -- Pam </Li> <Li> Lusia Strus -- Janine </Li> <Li> Molly Gottlieb -- Priscilla </Li> <Li> Dolly Parton -- Herself </Li> <Li> Christopher Ford -- Jason </Li> <Li> Regis Philbin -- Himself </Li> <Li> Joy Philbin -- Herself </Li> <Li> Octavia Spencer -- Herself </Li> <Li> Ross Adam -- Brian Cosford </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sandra Bullock and writer Marc Lawrence initially had no plans for a sequel . While working on Two Weeks Notice , Bullock and Lawrence joked about ideas for a Miss Congeniality sequel , some of which `` were n't that far - fetched '' according to Bullock . Las Vegas was featured in an early version of the first film , but was ultimately written out of the script . A five - week shoot in southern Nevada began on April 12 , 2004 . Approximately half of the film 's scenes were scheduled to be shot in Las Vegas . </P> <P> Major filming locations included the Treasure Island and Venetian resorts . Scenes shot at Treasure Island included its Sirens of TI pirate show , which had never been featured in a film before and was closed to the public for filming . Other filming locations included the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign and the Klondike Hotel and Casino . In May 2004 , filming took place at the Lloyd D. George Federal District Courthouse , which served as FBI headquarters within the film . Filming in Las Vegas concluded in mid-May 2004 , and moved to Los Angeles for six weeks of shooting , followed by a brief shoot in New York . Bullock also produced the film , and said , `` It does make for a schizophrenic experience . There are times when I 'd rather be performing . '' </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film grossed $101 million worldwide . It was generally panned by critics , and has received a 15 % approval rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 145 reviews . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous ( 2005 ) - Financial Information '' . The-numbers.com . Retrieved 2016 - 03 - 13 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Cling , Carol ( April 12 , 2004 ) . `` Shooting Stars : Production on Bullock 's ' Miss Congeniality 2 ' set to start '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Archived from the original on March 12 , 2005 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Cling , Carol ( April 19 , 2004 ) . `` Shooting Stars : ' Congeniality ' continues work ; ' Crossfire , ' ' Tonight Show ' on way '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Archived from the original on October 30 , 2004 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cling , Carol ( April 26 , 2004 ) . `` Shooting Stars : NBC drama ' Las Vegas ' prepares to film exterior scenes '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Archived from the original on November 14 , 2004 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cling , Carol ( May 3 , 2004 ) . `` Shooting Stars : ' Miss Congeniality 2 ' prepares to film at Treasure Island '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2004 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Cling , Carol ( May 10 , 2004 ) . `` Shooting Stars : ' Miss Congeniality 2 ' set to exit as ' Tonight Show ' set to arrive '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2004 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous ( 2005 ) '' . Box Office Mojo. 2005 - 07 - 07 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Miss Congeniality 2 - Armed and Fabulous ( 2005 ) - Rotten Tomatoes '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 24 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikiquote has quotations related to : Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed & Fabulous </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous on IMDb </Li> <Li> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous at Rotten Tomatoes </Li> <Li> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous at Box Office Mojo </Li> <Li> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous at AllMovie </Li> <Li> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous at the TCM Movie Database </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Films directed by John Pasquin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Jungle 2 Jungle ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Joe Somebody ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous ( 2005 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_Congeniality_2:_Armed_and_Fabulous&oldid=829495341 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2005 films </Li> <Li> English - language films </Li> <Li> 2000s action comedy films </Li> <Li> 2000s buddy films </Li> <Li> 2000s sequel films </Li> <Li> American action comedy films </Li> <Li> American female buddy films </Li> <Li> American films </Li> <Li> American sequel films </Li> <Li> Buddy comedy films </Li> <Li> Castle Rock Entertainment films </Li> <Li> Films about abduction </Li> <Li> Films directed by John Pasquin </Li> <Li> Films set in the Las Vegas Valley </Li> <Li> Films shot in New York ( state ) </Li> <Li> Films shot in the Las Vegas Valley </Li> <Li> Police comedy films </Li> <Li> Village Roadshow Pictures films </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016 </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li>

Agent Matthews was not in Miss Congeniality 2 because he was

Why wasnt agent matthews in miss congeniality 2?

3526073400166880544

Los Alamitos Circle - wikipedia <H1> Los Alamitos Circle </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Los Alamitos Circle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Map showing location of the Long Beach Traffic Circle in State of California , Southern California , and including nearby roads and interconnect with the Pacific Coast Highway . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Location </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Long Beach , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 33 ° 47 ′ 24 '' N 118 ° 08 ′ 33 '' W  /  33.79 ° N 118.1425 ° W  / 33.79 ; - 118.1425 Coordinates : 33 ° 47 ′ 24 '' N 118 ° 08 ′ 33 '' W  /  33.79 ° N 118.1425 ° W  / 33.79 ; - 118.1425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Roads at junction </Th> <Td> SR 1 SR 19 Los Coyotes Diagonal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Construction </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Roundabout </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle , informally known as the Long Beach Traffic Circle ( or just the Traffic Circle , as there are no other high volume traffic circles in Southern California ) , is a roundabout at the intersection of Lakewood Boulevard ( State Route 19 ) , Pacific Coast Highway ( State Route 1 / former U.S. Route 101 Alternate ) and Los Coyotes Diagonal in Long Beach , California . The intersection was originally constructed as a traffic circle in 1930 and reconstructed as a modern roundabout in 1993 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Reclassification </Li> <Li> 1.2 Present day </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1930 , German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle , which was to be based on European models . Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics , held in Los Angeles , as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach . </P> <P> The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States , and prior to their truncation , was also an end point of US 6 ( which connects Provincetown , Massachusetts some 3,227 miles ( 5,193 km ) to the east ) and US 91 . </P> <H3> Reclassification ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1993 , the circle was converted from an old - style traffic circle to a modern roundabout by the California Department of Transportation ( Caltrans ) . This was the first such conversion in the United States . Yield signs replaced Stop signs , giving drivers inside the circle the right of way , which increased traffic flow efficiency . PCH ( the main thoroughfare ) was given an additional entry lane at both north and south bound routes . Also added were widened feeder lanes , and dedicated lanes for traffic traveling only 90 of the 360 degrees of the circle - the equivalent of a right turn at a traditional American traffic light . After the conversion , both the total auto accident and the injury rate significantly dropped , making the circle one of the safest statistically in the nation . The aforementioned modifications ran a cost of $350,000 . </P> <P> The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was very similar to the 1932 Garces Memorial Circle located in Bakersfield , though the Bakersfield circle has not undergone modernization to roundabout standards . </P> <H3> Present day ( edit ) </H3> <P> Today the circle handles over 60,000 vehicles a day , mostly commuters from Orange County in the south heading to jobs in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County . The roadway is now owned by the State of California but managed by the City of Long Beach in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation ( Caltrans ) . The city provides landscaping and traffic code enforcement , while the state provides road maintenance . </P> <P> In addition to the main traffic circle , there is also an Outer Traffic Circle that is concentric with the main roundabout . The artery Atherton Street ends at the Outer Traffic Circle and does not continue toward the main roundabout </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> California Roads portal </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Grobaty , Tim ( September 12 , 2011 ) . `` The Traffic Circle 's roundabout history '' . Press - Telegram . Retrieved February 14 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` California Highways , Routes 89 through 96 '' . www.cahighways.org . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 14 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` What a brilliant , lousy idea looks like '' . www.latimes.com . Retrieved February 15 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tim Grobaty : The Traffic Circle 's roundabout history '' . www.presstelegram.com . Retrieved February 15 , 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> `` Drivers experience fewer crashes at L.B. Traffic Circle , '' Ruth Estrada , Online Forty - Niner ( California State University , Long Beach newspaper ) . </Li> <Li> `` Converting Old Traffic Circles to Modern Roundabouts : Michigan State University Case Study , '' Timothy J. Gates , E.I.T. and Robert E. Maki , D.P.A. , P.E. , Michigan State University , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering . </Li> <Li> `` The Grand Army of the Republic ( Memorial ) Highway , '' Article 1 , 3 / 03 , US Route 6 Tourist Association , http://www.route6tour.com/history.htm . </Li> <Li> `` Ourston Roundabout Engineering - Los Alamitos Circle , '' https://web.archive.org/web/20120310123537/http://www.ourston.com/company/projects/los-alamitos.html </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Streets in Los Angeles and the metropolitan area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Numbered streets </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 -- 10 <Ul> <Li> 1st </Li> <Li> 3rd </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 -- 40 </Li> <Li> 41 -- 250 </Li> <Li> Avenues </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> North -- south streets </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alameda </Li> <Li> Alvarado </Li> <Li> Atlantic Blvd. / Atlantic Ave . </Li> <Li> Avalon Blvd . </Li> <Li> Aviation Blvd . </Li> <Li> Beverly Dr . </Li> <Li> Broadway </Li> <Li> Cahuenga Blvd . </Li> <Li> Central Ave . </Li> <Li> Crenshaw Blvd . </Li> <Li> Doheny Dr . </Li> <Li> Fairfax Ave . </Li> <Li> Figueroa </Li> <Li> Garfield Ave . </Li> <Li> Glendale Blvd. / Brand Blvd . </Li> <Li> Gower </Li> <Li> Grand Avenue </Li> <Li> Highland Ave . </Li> <Li> Hill </Li> <Li> Hoover </Li> <Li> La Brea Ave. / Hawthorne Blvd . </Li> <Li> La Cienega Blvd . </Li> <Li> Laurel Canyon Blvd. / Crescent Heights Blvd . </Li> <Li> Lincoln Blvd . </Li> <Li> Los Angeles </Li> <Li> Main </Li> <Li> Normandie Ave . </Li> <Li> Ocean Ave . </Li> <Li> Robertson Blvd . </Li> <Li> Rosemead Blvd. / Lakewood Blvd . </Li> <Li> San Fernando Rd . </Li> <Li> San Pedro </Li> <Li> Sawtelle Blvd . </Li> <Li> Sepulveda Blvd . </Li> <Li> Sierra Hwy . </Li> <Li> Soto </Li> <Li> Pacific Blvd. / Long Beach Blvd . </Li> <Li> Union Ave . </Li> <Li> Vermont Ave . </Li> <Li> Vine </Li> <Li> Van Ness Ave </Li> <Li> Western Ave . </Li> <Li> Westwood Blvd . </Li> <Li> Wilcox Avenue </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> East -- west streets </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Adams Blvd . </Li> <Li> Alondra Blvd . </Li> <Li> Arrow Hwy . </Li> <Li> Artesia Blvd . </Li> <Li> Bandini Blvd . </Li> <Li> Beverly Blvd . </Li> <Li> Carroll Ave . </Li> <Li> Carson </Li> <Li> Century Blvd . </Li> <Li> Compton Blvd. / Marine Ave . </Li> <Li> Del Amo Blvd . </Li> <Li> El Segundo Blvd . </Li> <Li> Florence Ave . </Li> <Li> Franklin Ave . </Li> <Li> Garvey Ave . </Li> <Li> Hollywood Blvd . </Li> <Li> Imperial Hwy . </Li> <Li> Jefferson Blvd . </Li> <Li> Lomita Blvd . </Li> <Li> Los Feliz Blvd . </Li> <Li> Manchester Ave. / Firestone Blvd . </Li> <Li> Manhattan Beach Blvd . </Li> <Li> Martin Luther King Jr . Boulevard </Li> <Li> Melrose Ave . </Li> <Li> Montana Ave . </Li> <Li> Mulholland Dr . </Li> <Li> Nadeau </Li> <Li> Olympic Blvd . </Li> <Li> Pico Blvd . </Li> <Li> Rosecrans Ave . </Li> <Li> Santa Monica Blvd . </Li> <Li> Slauson Ave . </Li> <Li> Sunset Blvd. / Cesar Chavez Ave . </Li> <Li> Temple </Li> <Li> Valley Blvd . </Li> <Li> Vernon Ave . </Li> <Li> Venice Blvd . </Li> <Li> Washington Blvd . </Li> <Li> Whittier Blvd . </Li> <Li> Wilshire Blvd . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Valleys </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arrow Hwy . </Li> <Li> Balboa Blvd . </Li> <Li> Beverly Glen Blvd . </Li> <Li> Cahuenga Blvd . </Li> <Li> Coldwater Canyon Ave . </Li> <Li> Colorado Blvd . </Li> <Li> Foothill Blvd . </Li> <Li> Glenoaks Blvd . </Li> <Li> Lankershim Blvd . </Li> <Li> Laurel Canyon Blvd . </Li> <Li> Mulholland Dr . </Li> <Li> Reseda Blvd . </Li> <Li> Riverside Dr . </Li> <Li> San Fernando Rd . </Li> <Li> Sepulveda Blvd . </Li> <Li> Sierra Hwy . </Li> <Li> Sunland Blvd. / Vineland Ave . </Li> <Li> Topanga Canyon Blvd . </Li> <Li> Valley Blvd . </Li> <Li> Van Nuys Blvd . </Li> <Li> Ventura Blvd . </Li> <Li> Victory Blvd . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Intersections and traffic circles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hollywood and Vine </Li> <Li> Los Alamitos Circle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Diagonal streets </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Centinela Ave. / Bundy Dr . </Li> <Li> San Vicente Blvd . </Li> <Li> California Incline </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Streets in San Pedro </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gaffey </Li> <Li> Western Ave . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alleyways </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Olvera </Li> <Li> Santee Alley </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> In popular culture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 77 Sunset Strip </Li> <Li> `` All I Wanna Do '' </Li> <Li> `` Blue Jay Way '' </Li> <Li> `` Dead Man 's Curve '' </Li> <Li> `` Down Rodeo '' </Li> <Li> `` I Love L.A. '' </Li> <Li> Mulholland Drive </Li> <Li> `` Pico and Sepulveda '' </Li> <Li> `` LA Devotee '' </Li> <Li> Sunset Boulevard ( film , musical ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> All un-suffixed roads are streets unless otherwise noted . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Alamitos_Circle&oldid=818916875 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Transportation in Long Beach , California </Li> <Li> Roundabouts and traffic circles in the United States </Li> <Li> Streets in Los Angeles County , California </Li> <Li> California State Route 1 </Li> <Li> U.S. Route 6 </Li> <Li> U.S. Route 91 </Li> <Li> U.S. Route 101 </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 January 2018 , at 10 : 21 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li>

The traffic circle in Long Beach, CA was designed by

Who designed the traffic circle in long beach ca?

2235427730835430905

List of Vice-Presidents of India - wikipedia <H1> List of Vice-Presidents of India </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The Vice-President of India is the second highest constitutional office in the Indian Government after the President . In accordance with Article 65 of the Indian Constitution , the Vice-President discharges the functions of the President when a contingency arises due to the resignation , removal , death or the inability of the President to discharge his functions . He is also the ex officio chairperson of the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Parliament of India . The Vice President is elected by an electoral college consisting of all the elected members of both houses of the Parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote via a secret ballot conducted by the Election Commission of India . Once elected the Vice President continues in office for a five - year term , but can continue in office irrespective of the expiry of the term , until a successor assumes office . The Vice President can be removed by a resolution passed by an effective majority in the Rajya Sabha . </P> <P> There have been 13 vice-president , since the inception of the post in 1950 . The first Vice-president of India took oath at Rashtrapati Bhavan on 13 May 1952 </P> <P> On 11 August 2017 Venkaiah Naidu was sworn in as the 15th Vice-President of India , thus becoming the 13th person to hold the office . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 List </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 Footnotes and References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> List ( edit ) </H2> <P> The complete list of Vice-Presidents of India includes the persons sworn into the office as Vice-President of India , following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 . Some of whom later became presidents . </P> Vice-Presidents of India ( by state of birth ) <Dl> <Dt> Colour key </Dt> </Dl> Vice President was an Independent candidate Vice President was an candidate of Indian National Congress ( INC ) Vice President was an candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Vice President was an candidate of the Janata Dal ( JD ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Name ( birth -- death ) </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Elected ( % votes ) </Th> <Th> Took office </Th> <Th> Left office </Th> <Th> Term ( in years ) </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> <Th> President ( s ) </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Candidate of </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan ( 1888 -- 1975 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1952 ( Unopposed ) <P> 1957 ( Unopposed ) </P> </Td> <Td> 13 May 1952 </Td> <Td> 12 May 1962 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Radhakrishnan was a prominent scholar . Besides being awarded the Bharat Ratna he also held the position of vice-chancellor in the Banaras Hindu University and the Andhra college . He served as the Vice-President for two terms . </Td> <Td> Rajendra Prasad </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Zakir Husain ( 1897 -- 1969 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1962 ( 97.59 ) </Td> <Td> 13 May 1962 </Td> <Td> 12 May 1967 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Varahagiri Venkata Giri ( 1894 -- 1980 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1967 ( 71.45 ) </Td> <Td> 13 May 1967 </Td> <Td> 3 May 1969 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Zakir Husain </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Gopal Swarup Pathak ( 1896 -- 1982 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1969 -- </Td> <Td> 31 August 1969 </Td> <Td> 30 August 1974 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Varahagiri Venkata Giri ( 1969 -- 1974 ) <P> Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed ( 1974 ) </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Basappa Danappa Jatti ( 1912 -- 2002 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> ( 78.70 ) </Td> <Td> 31 August 1974 </Td> <Td> 30 August 1979 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed ( 1974 -- 1977 ) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy ( 1977 -- 1979 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Mohammad Hidayatullah ( 1905 -- 1992 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1979 ( Unopposed ) </Td> <Td> 31 August 1979 </Td> <Td> 30 August 1984 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Neelam Sanjiva Reddy ( 1979 -- 1982 ) Giani Zail Singh ( 1982 -- 1984 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Independent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Ramaswamy Venkataraman ( 1910 -- 2009 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1984 ( 71.05 ) </Td> <Td> 31 August 1984 </Td> <Td> 24 July 1987 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Giani Zail Singh </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Shankar Dayal Sharma ( 1918 -- 1999 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( Unopposed ) </Td> <Td> 3 September 1987 </Td> <Td> 24 July 1992 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ramaswamy Venkataraman </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Kocheril Raman Narayanan ( 1920 -- 2005 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1992 ( 99.86 ) </Td> <Td> 21 August 1992 </Td> <Td> 24 July 1997 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shankar Dayal Sharma </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Krishan Kant ( 1927 -- 2002 ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1997 ( 61.76 ) </Td> <Td> 21 August 1997 </Td> <Td> 27 July 2002 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kocheril Raman Narayanan ( 1997 -- 2002 ) A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ( 2002 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Janata Dal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Bhairon Singh Shekhawat ( 1923 -- 2010 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2002 ( 59.82 ) </Td> <Td> 19 August 2002 </Td> <Td> 21 July 2007 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> A.P.J. Abdul Kalam </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bharatiya Janata Party </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Mohammad Hamid Ansari ( 1937 -- ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2007 ( 60.51 ) 2012 ( 67.31 ) </Td> <Td> 11 August 2007 </Td> <Td> 11 August 2017 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pratibha Patil ( 2007 -- 2012 ) Pranab Mukherjee ( 2012 -- 2017 ) Ram Nath Kovind ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indian National Congress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu ( 1949 -- ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2017 ( 67.89 ) </Td> <Td> 11 August 2017 </Td> <Td> Incumbent </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ram Nath Kovind </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bharatiya Janata Party </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> † Died in office </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Vice-President of India </Li> <Li> President of India </Li> <Li> List of Presidents of India </Li> <Li> List of Prime Ministers of India </Li> </Ul> <H2> Footnotes and references ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` VPI & Constitution Vice President of India Government of India '' . vicepresidentofindia.nic.in . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Media Division , Election Commission of India . `` Background information of Vice Presidential election for 2012 '' ( PDF ) . eci.nic.in . Retrieved 14 January 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Venkaiah Naidu sworn in as Vice-President '' . The Hindu . PTI. 2017 - 08 - 11 . ISSN 0971 - 751X . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ List of Presidents / Vice Presidents Archived 2008 - 12 - 07 at the Wayback Machine . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Vice-President of India ( official website ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Vice-presidential elections in India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1957 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1979 </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vice-Presidents_of_India&oldid=837478210 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Lists of vice presidents </Li> <Li> Vice-Presidents of India </Li> <Li> Lists of political office - holders in India </Li> <Li> Lists relating to the Indian presidency </Li> <Li> Lists of legislative speakers in India </Li> <Li> Vice presidents </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> ગુજરાતી </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> മലയാളം </Li> <Li> मराठी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Melayu </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </Li> <Li> پنجابی </Li> <Li> संस्कृतम् </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> 5 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 April 2018 , at 02 : 43 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The first Vice President of India who later became the President was

The first vice president of india who become the president letter was?

-54130238553389967

The Pardoner 's tale - wikipedia <H1> The Pardoner 's tale </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the 2002 television episode , see The Pardoner 's Tale ( Law & Order : Criminal Intent episode ) . The Pardoner , as depicted by William Blake in The Canterbury Pilgrims ( 1810 ) <P> The Pardoner 's Tale is one of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer . In the order of the Tales , it comes after The Physician 's Tale and before The Shipman 's Tale ; it is prompted by the Host 's desire to hear something positive after that depressing tale . The Pardoner initiates his Prologue -- briefly accounting his methods of conning people -- and then proceeds to tell a moral tale . </P> <P> The tale itself is an extended exemplum . Setting out to kill Death , three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree . When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness . Out of greed , they murder each other . The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his `` theme '' : Radix malorum est cupiditas ( `` Greed is the root of ( all ) evils '' ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Frame </Li> <Li> 2 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Prologue </Li> <Li> 2.2 Tale </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Sources and composition </Li> <Li> 4 Analysis </Li> <Li> 5 Character of the teller </Li> <Li> 6 General themes </Li> <Li> 7 Adaptations </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Frame ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the order of The Canterbury Tales , the Pardoner 's Prologue and Tale are preceded by The Physician 's Tale . The Physician 's Tale is a harrowing tale about a judge who plots with a `` churl ( low fellow ) '' to abduct a beautiful young woman ; rather than allow her to be raped , her father beheads her . The invitation for the Pardoner to tell a tale comes after the Host declares his dissatisfaction with the depressing tale , and declares : </P> <Dl> <Dd> ... but ( unless ) I have triacle ( medicine ) , </Dd> <Dd> Or elles a draughte of morste ( fresh ) and corny ( strong ) ale , </Dd> <Dd> Or but I heere anon a myrie tale , </Dd> <Dd> Myn herte is lost for pitee of this mayde . ( lines 314 -- 17 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> The Host then asks the Pardoner to `` telle us som mrythe or japes ( joke , jest ) right anon '' . However , the pilgrims -- aware of pardoners ' notoriety for telling lewd tales and in anticipation of hearing something objectionable -- voice their desire for no ribaldry , but instead want a moral tale . </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Prologue ( edit ) </H3> <P> The prologue takes the form of a literary confession in the same manner as The Wife of Bath 's Prologue . However , rather than an apology for his vices , the Pardoner boasts of his duping of his victims , for whom he has nothing but contempt . He says that his `` theme '' -- biblical text for a sermon -- is Radix malorum est cupiditas ( `` Greed is the root of ( all ) evils '' 1 Timothy 6.10 ) . He explains that his false credentials consist of official letters from high - ranking church officials and a superficial use of a few Latin words ; then he will produce some `` relics '' , and claim that among them is a bone which has miraculous powers when dipped into a well and a mitten for which : </P> <Dl> <Dd> He that his hand wol putte in this mitayn , </Dd> <Dd> He shal have multipliyng of his greyn , ( lines 373 -- 374 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> But he will warn that any person that `` hath doon synne horrible '' will not be able to benefit from these relics . The Pardoner says to the pilgrims that by these tricks he has acquired a considerable sum of money . He goes on to relate how he stands like a clergy at the pulpit , and preaches against avarice but to gain the congregation 's money ; he does n't care for the correction of sin or for their souls . Against anyone that offends either him or other pardoners , he will `` stynge hym with my tonge smerte '' . Although he is guilty of avarice himself , he reiterates that his theme is always Radix malorum ... and that he can nonetheless preach so that others turn away from the vice and repent -- though his `` principal entente '' is for personal gain . The Pardoner explains that he then offers many anecdotes to the `` lewed ( ignorant , unlearned ) people '' . He scorns the thought of living in poverty while he preaches ; he desires `` moneie , wolle ( wool ) , chese , and whete '' and does n't care whether it were from the poorest widow in the village , even should her children starve for famine . Yet , he concludes to the pilgrims , though he may be a `` ful vicious man '' , he can tell a moral tale and proceeds . </P> <H3> Tale ( edit ) </H3> <P> The tale is set in Flanders at an indeterminate time , and opens with three young men drinking , gambling and blaspheming in a tavern . The Pardoner condemns each of these `` tavern sins '' in turn -- gluttony , drinking , gambling , and swearing -- with support from the Christian scriptures , before proceeding with the tale . The rioters hear a bell signalling a burial ; their friend has been killed by a `` privee theef '' known as Death , who has also killed a thousand others . The men set out to avenge them and kill Death . An old man they brusquely query tells them that he has asked Death to take him but has failed . He then says they can find death at the foot of an oak tree . When the men arrive at the tree , they find a large amount of gold coins and forget about their quest to kill Death . They decide to sleep at the oak tree over night , so they can take the coins in the morning . The three men draw straws to see who among them should fetch wine and food while the other two wait under the tree . The youngest of the three men draws the shortest straw and departs ; while he is away , the remaining two plot to overpower and stab him upon his return . However , the one who leaves for town plots to kill the other two : he purchases rat poison and laces the wine . When he returns with the food and drink , the other two kill him and then consume the poisoned wine , dying slow and painful deaths . </P> <H2> Sources and composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The prologue -- taking the form of a literary confession -- was most probably modelled on that of `` Faus Semblaunt '' in the medieval French poem Roman de la Rose . The tale of the three rioters is a version of a folk tale with a `` remarkably wide range '' and has numerous analogues : ancient Buddhist , Persian , and African . </P> <H2> Analysis ( edit ) </H2> <P> The relationship between tellers and tale is distinctly significant in `` The Pardoner 's Tale . '' The Pardoner is an enigmatic character , portrayed as grotesque in the General Prologue . He is seemingly aware of his sin -- it is not clear why he tells the pilgrims about his sin in the prologue before his tale commences . His preaching is correct and the results of his methods , despite their corruption , are good . Chaucer describes him as a `` draughte of corny strong ale , '' which arguably suggests that the character candidly speaks thanks in part to intoxication . The Pardoner 's confession is similar in that there is a revelation of details buried within the prologue by `` The Wife of Bath Tale . '' The Wife of Bath gives away details about herself in the prologue to her particular tale . </P> <P> Chaucer describes The Pardoner as an excellent speaker in his portrait of the character in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales , which inherently reflects the quality of the narrative attributed to him . </P> <P> The old man who appears before the rioters has been the subject of considerable debate . Many persons and scholars reference him as `` death in person , '' `` the Wandering Jew , '' `` Old Age itself , '' and `` Death 's messenger . `` ( 14 ) W.J.B. Owen refutes these views as he points out that `` He is seeking Death ; and that Death or his agent should find death is contrary to all the logic of allegory . '' Owen argues that a character is merely an old man and not a symbol of mortality. ( 14 ) </P> <P> The Old Man in The Pardoner 's Tale is oftentimes written off as one who does not provide any sort of substance to the play . However , critic , Alfred David , refutes such claims and asserts the possibility that the Old Man in `` The Pardoner 's Tale '' is meant to symbolise more than unambiguous death , `` the old man 's identity does not admit a simple , unambiguous , and definitive answer such as Death or Death 's Messenger '' . David goes on to assert that the Old Man may actually symbolise the `` Wandering Jew '' as defined to be a symbol of death that will supposedly roam the Earth until the Second Coming of Jesus Christ . One may compare this notion to the symbol and character of the Old Man in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge . </P> <P> `` The Pardoner 's Tale '' finds itself widely debated among those in the literary world . The question of Chaucer 's motivation in writing the tale , as well as potential social comments made within it , have been the subject of controversy concerning The Canterbury Tales . Gregory W. Gross , as dictated in Modern Language Studies , concludes that The Pardoner finds himself publicly shamed by the Host 's reprimand at the end of the tale . There is an `` undertone '' of exclusion at this point in the work that , perhaps , leads to the question of the sexuality of The Pardoner and the social boundaries at hand . To reaffirm his claim , Gross points out the ridicule and `` laughter '' on behalf of the other pilgrims . Perhaps Chaucer is looking upon the Pardoner with a `` compassionate eye , '' as the Host offers a kiss at the end of the tale . According to Gross , this could simply be the poet 's way of easing the tension in the room , thus a sign of `` compassion '' towards the embarrassment of the Pardoner on behalf of the poet . Ultimately , it is plausible that Chaucer makes a societal statement long before his time that serves as a literary teaching moment in modern time as one further examines The Canterbury Tales . </P> <P> In further analysis , psychological patterns of the character of the Pardoner is

The Pardoner's Tale is

What type of tale is the pardoner's tale?

3593786118993246315

Red Dead Redemption - Wikipedia <H1> Red Dead Redemption </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Red Dead Redemption </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rockstar San Diego </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rockstar Games </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Steve Martin </Li> <Li> Josh Needleman </Li> <Li> David Kunkler </Li> <Li> John Ricchio </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christian Cantamessa </Li> <Li> Leslie Benzies </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Programmer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ted Carson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Joshua Bass </Li> <Li> Daren Bader </Li> <Li> George Davis </Li> <Li> Nick Trifunovic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dan Houser </Li> <Li> Michael Unsworth </Li> <Li> Christian Cantamessa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bill Elm </Li> <Li> Woody Jackson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Red Dead </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine </Th> <Td> RAGE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> PlayStation 3 </Li> <Li> Xbox 360 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> NA : May 18 , 2010 </Li> <Li> PAL : May 21 , 2010 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Action - adventure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Single - player , multiplayer </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Red Dead Redemption is a Western - themed action - adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games . It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010 . It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise , after 2004 's Red Dead Revolver . The game , set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911 , follows John Marston , a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun . Having no other choice , Marston sets out to bring the three members of his former gang to justice . </P> <P> The game is played from a third - person perspective in an open world environment , allowing the player to interact with the game world at their leisure . The player can travel the virtual world , a fictionalized version of the Western United States and Mexico , primarily by horseback and on foot . Gunfights emphasize a gunslinger gameplay mechanic called `` Dead Eye '' that allows players to mark multiple shooting targets on enemies in slow motion . The game makes use of a morality system , by which the player 's actions in the game affect their character 's levels of honor and fame and how other characters respond to the player . An online multiplayer mode is included with the game , allowing up to 16 players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay in a recreation of the single - player setting . </P> <P> Upon its release , Red Dead Redemption was acclaimed by many reviewers , with praise directed at the game 's visuals , dynamically - generated music , voice acting , gameplay , and story . The game has shipped over 15 million copies and won year - end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . It is widely considered one of the greatest video games of all time . After the game 's release , several downloadable content additions were released ; Red Dead Redemption : Undead Nightmare , later released as a standalone game , added a new single - player experience in which Marston searches for a cure for an infectious zombie plague that has swept across the Old West . A Game of the Year Edition containing all additional content was released in October 2011 . A prequel , Red Dead Redemption 2 , was announced in October 2016 , and is scheduled to be released in October 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Gameplay <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Combat </Li> <Li> 1.2 Multiplayer </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Setting </Li> <Li> 2.2 Plot </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Additional content </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Accolades </Li> <Li> 4.2 John Marston </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Prequel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Gameplay ( edit ) </H2> <P> Red Dead Redemption is a Western - themed action - adventure game played from a third - person perspective . The player controls John Marston and completes missions , linear scenarios with set objectives , to progress through the story . Outside of missions , players may freely roam the open world . The player can interact with the environment and engage in combat with enemies , using various firearms . Different breeds of horses are the main forms of transportation , each with different attributes . These horses must be tamed in order to use them . Marston can utilize trains for quick travelling , but he can also stop the train by threatening or killing the passengers or driver . The game 's undeveloped land makes up the largest portion of the game world , featuring various rugged and vast landscapes with occasional travelers , bandits , and wildlife . Urban settlements range from isolated farmhouses to crowded towns . Besides the American West , the player can also traverse a fictional Mexican state bordering the United States . </P> <P> In addition to following the main storyline , the player character will witness and can take part in random events they encounter as they explore the game world . These include public hangings , ambushes , pleas for assistance , encounters with strangers , ride - by shootings , and dangerous animal attacks . For example , if a group of people ride into town firing guns in the air , Marston can kill them , and will receive a bonus of honor and fame for protecting the town . The player character can also take part in optional side activities , most of which give the player money . These side activities include dueling , in which the player character must be a faster draw than their opponent ; bounty hunting , where Marston can hunt down bounties on wanted posters ; herb collecting , which involves gathering exotic plants from around the game map for town medics ; gambling , where people can be found playing games such as poker and Five Finger Fillet ; and hunting , in which the player can kill wild animals and skin their hides . </P> <P> Red Dead Redemption makes use of a morality system where players have the ability to gain positive or negative honor . Honor can be gained by making morally positive choices , such as taking in an outlaw alive or saving a woman from a kidnapping . The player character 's overall honor standard is lowered for committing crimes or other negative choices . This works in conjunction with another system , fame , which affects how people react based on Marston 's honor status . If Marston has little honor , non-player characters will feel insecure around him . If he has a high amount of honor , other characters will usually greet him and feel safe around him . He will also receive discounts in some stores , more pay for jobs and other bonuses . A very low honor rating can result in a town 's establishments closing their doors when Marston arrives . To combat this he can disguise himself by wearing a bandana when performing criminal acts ; alternatively , a very negative or criminal reputation warrants the player a large amount of respect and steep discounts from bandits and fencers at criminal hideouts , such as Thieves ' Landing . </P> <H3> Combat ( edit ) </H3> Red Dead Redemption features a cover system that lets the player character hide behind objects and reach out to fire on people and animals . <P> Gunfights are a major gameplay mechanic in Red Dead Redemption . The player can take cover , target a specific person or animal , blindfire , and free aim . Individual body parts can also be targeted , in order to take targets down non-lethally . When the player shoots an enemy , the game engine uniquely creates the AI reactions and movements depending on where they were hit . The player character can choose from period - accurate weapons including revolvers , pistols , lever or bolt - action rifles , shotguns , sniper rifles , knives , explosives , lassos , mounted Gatling guns , and cannons . Duels utilize a gunslinger gameplay mechanic known as Dead Eye . Dead Eye is a targeting system that is used in a bullet time - like manner , allowing the player to slow down time to place a precise shot or paint in multiple shots . When the targeting sequence ends , Marston automatically fires to all marked locations in extremely quick succession . </P> <P> Adopted from the Grand Theft Auto series , Red Dead Redemption has a modified wanted system . When the player commits a crime such as killing people near witnesses , some will run to the nearest police station . The player can bribe them or kill them before they reach the station . If a crime is committed near a police officer , the wanted meter immediately appears along with a bounty count which increases with each crime committed . If Marston 's bounty becomes high enough he will be pursued by either the U.S. Marshals or by the Mexican Army depending on his locations . To evade law enforcement in pursuit , John Marston must escape a circular zone until the wanted meter disappears . Alternatively , the player character can kill all lawmen in a town to have the wanted meter disappear . Despite the chase being aborted , a bounty is placed upon John which will cause bounty hunters to come after him in the wilderness . It is impossible to surrender to these bounty hunters by putting away Marston 's weapon and standing still as they will kill him regardless . Only law enforcement in towns and a posse will accept surrenders . The law will continue to chase Marston unless he pays his bounty at a telegraph station or presents a pardon letter . When arrested , Marston pays off his bounty and is then released . If the player does not have enough money to pay back the bounty , the law will assign bounty hunting activities . </P> <H3> Multiplayer ( edit ) </H3> <P> Red Dead Redemption includes online multiplayer with a maximum of 16 players per session . Every multiplayer game , both free - for - all and team based , will begin with a Mexican standoff . Survivors of the standoff will be able to move to any part of the battlefield in preparation for respawning enemies . Crates in the environment contain extra weapons , ammo , and other powerups . Players can level up and complete weapon challenges which earn them rewards such as new character models , golden weapon skins , new titles , and new breeds of animal mounts . Additional multiplayer modes were added via downloadable content ( DLC ) . Stronghold is an attack or defend scenario , with teams switching roles as the round ends . It is included in the Liars and Cheats pack . The Undead Nightmare pack included two new games modes : Undead overrun mode , and Land Grab . It also included eight new zombie characters . </P> <P> The free -

Red Dead Redemption 1 was released in

When did red dead redemption 1 come out?

-7721509949632484180

Driver 's license - wikipedia <H1> Driver 's license </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Driving permit '' redirects here . In some countries , this term could also mean Learner 's permit . Not to be confused with Vehicle licence or Pilot licensing and certification . A license from Spain , in the format of the European driving licence <P> A driver 's license is an official document permitting a specific individual to operate one or more types of motorized vehicles , such as a motorcycle , car , truck , or bus on a public road . </P> <P> The term driver 's license is American English ; the Canadian English equivalent is driver 's licence , and in British English it is driving licence . In this article , the American terminology and spelling is used except where the section refers specifically to British practice . The laws relating to the licensing of drivers vary between jurisdictions . In some jurisdictions , a license is issued after the recipient has passed a driving test , while in others , a person acquires a license before beginning to drive . Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles , particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles . The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions , as do factors such as age and the required level of practice . </P> <P> In some international agreements the wording driver 's permit is used , for instance in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Driver 's licenses used for identification purposes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Europe </Li> <Li> 2.2 Asia <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Japan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 North America </Li> <Li> 2.4 South America </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Licenses for different categories of vehicles <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Africa <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Egypt </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Ghana </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 Kenya </Li> <Li> 3.1. 4 Morocco </Li> <Li> 3.1. 5 Nigeria </Li> <Li> 3.1. 6 South Africa </Li> <Li> 3.1. 7 Tanzania </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Asia <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Hong Kong </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 India </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Indonesia </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Israel </Li> <Li> 3.2. 5 Lebanon </Li> <Li> 3.2. 6 Malaysia </Li> <Li> 3.2. 7 Pakistan </Li> <Li> 3.2. 8 Singapore </Li> <Li> 3.2. 9 South Korea </Li> <Li> 3.2. 10 Sri Lanka </Li> <Li> 3.2. 11 Vietnam </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 European Economic Area <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Austria </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Belgium </Li> <Li> 3.3. 3 Bulgaria </Li> <Li> 3.3. 4 Croatia </Li> <Li> 3.3. 5 Cyprus </Li> <Li> 3.3. 6 Denmark </Li> <Li> 3.3. 7 Finland </Li> <Li> 3.3. 8 France </Li> <Li> 3.3. 9 Germany </Li> <Li> 3.3. 10 Greece </Li> <Li> 3.3. 11 Iceland </Li> <Li> 3.3. 12 Ireland </Li> <Li> 3.3. 13 Italy </Li> <Li> 3.3. 14 The Netherlands </Li> <Li> 3.3. 15 Norway </Li> <Li> 3.3. 16 Poland </Li> <Li> 3.3. 17 Romania </Li> <Li> 3.3. 18 Spain </Li> <Li> 3.3. 19 Sweden </Li> <Li> 3.3. 20 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.4 Rest of Europe <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Albania </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Azerbaijan </Li> <Li> 3.4. 3 Macedonia </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4 Russia </Li> <Li> 3.4. 5 Switzerland </Li> <Li> 3.4. 6 Turkey </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.5 North America <Ul> <Li> 3.5. 1 Canada </Li> <Li> 3.5. 2 Barbados </Li> <Li> 3.5. 3 Costa Rica </Li> <Li> 3.5. 4 El Salvador </Li> <Li> 3.5. 5 Jamaica </Li> <Li> 3.5. 6 Mexico </Li> <Li> 3.5. 7 United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.6 Oceania <Ul> <Li> 3.6. 1 Australia </Li> <Li> 3.6. 2 Cook Islands </Li> <Li> 3.6. 3 New Zealand </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.7 South America <Ul> <Li> 3.7. 1 Brazil </Li> <Li> 3.7. 2 Peru </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Organ donations </Li> <Li> 5 International and interstate considerations <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Issues when moving permanently from one country or one state to another <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Australia </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 Canada </Li> <Li> 5.1. 3 France </Li> <Li> 5.1. 4 Germany </Li> <Li> 5.1. 5 Hong Kong </Li> <Li> 5.1. 6 Singapore </Li> <Li> 5.1. 7 Sweden </Li> <Li> 5.1. 8 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 5.1. 9 United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> The world 's first license to drive a motor vehicle , issued to Karl Benz upon his request . <P> Karl Benz , inventor of the modern automobile , had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen . Up until the start of the 20th century , European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc , if at all . </P> <P> Mandatory licensing for drivers came into force on 1 January 1904 after the Motor Car Act 1903 received royal assent in the United Kingdom . Every car owner had to register their vehicle with their local government authority and be able to prove registration of their vehicle on request . The minimum qualifying age was set at 17 . The licence gave its holder ' freedom of the road ' with a maximum 20 mph ( 32 km / h ) speed limit . Compulsory testing was introduced in 1934 , with the passing of the Road Traffic Act . </P> <P> Prussia , then a state within the German Empire , introduced compulsory licensing on September 29 , 1903 . A test on mechanical aptitude had to be passed and the Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein ( `` steam boiler supervision association '' ) was charged with conducting these tests . In 1910 , the German imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale , establishing a system of tests and driver 's education requirements that was adopted in other countries . </P> <P> In 1909 , the Convention with Respect to the International Circulation of Motor Vehicles recognize the need of qualifications , examination , and authorization for international driving . </P> <P> In 1929 , the notion of International Driving Permit is addressed by international Convention . </P> <P> In 1977 , the Convention on road traffic address the notion of driving license for a number of countries , under the wording `` driving permit '' . </P> <P> Other countries in Europe also introduced driving tests during the twentieth century , the last of them being Belgium where , until 1977 , it was possible to purchase and hold a license without having to undergo a driving test . </P> <P> As automobile - related fatalities soared in North America , public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models . On August 1 , 1910 , North America 's first licensing law for motor vehicles went into effect in the US state of New York , though it initially applied only to professional chauffeurs . In July 1913 , the state of New Jersey became the first to require all drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license . </P> <H2> Driver 's licenses used for identification purposes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Many countries , including Australia , New Zealand , Canada , the United Kingdom , and the United States , have no national identification cards . As many people have driver 's licenses , they are often accepted as de facto proof of identity . Most identity cards and driver 's licenses are credit card size -- the `` ID - 1 '' size and shape defined in ISO / IEC 7810 . </P> <H3> Europe ( edit ) </H3> <P> Many European countries require drivers to produce their license on demand when driving . Some European countries require adults to carry proof of identity at all times , but a driving license is not valid for identification in every European country . </P> <P> In the United Kingdom most drivers are not required to carry their licence . A driver may be required by a constable or vehicle examiner to produce their licence , but may provide it in a specified police station within seven days ; the police issue a form for this purpose . </P> <P> In Denmark , Finland , Norway , Spain and Sweden , the driver 's license number is the same as the citizen 's ID number . Banks and authorities use the same number for customer databases , making the licence fully useful for identification purposes . </P> <H3> Asia ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Hong Kong a driving license carries the same number as the holder 's ID card , but has no photograph . Upon inspection both must be presented . Plans to make the newly phased in Smart ID contain driving license information have been shelved . </P> <P> Similarly , the Saudi Arabian government require all drivers to carry an ID card in addition to a license and present them whenever requested . In Saudi Arabia using a license instead is only permitted if the request is made for on - site inspection / identification purposes , especially at checkpoints . Expatriates may be requested to present their visas as well . </P> <P> In Japan , South Korea , and Singapore driving license cards are widely used as identification . </P> Japan ( edit ) Main article : Driving licence in Japan <P> Japanese driver 's licenses bear one of the following 3 colors on the expiration date . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Green </Dt> <Dd> New Drivers ( First license in Japan ) Valid for 2 to 3 years . Drivers with under one year of driving experience are required to display a `` Shoshinsha mark '' ( Young Leaf Mark ) on their vehicle . This holds true if the driver acquires a license for a different class of vehicle , regardless of the length of driving experience on their previous license . However , such a mark does not indicate necessarily the color on the driver 's license . A driver with a young leaf mark on their car could very well be a gold driver . This is because the gold status does not disappear with a change in vehicle class . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Blue </Dt> <Dd> Drivers who have fewer than 5 years of clean driving history or who do not have a clean driving record but more than 5 years of driving history . Valid for 3 to 5 years depending on age , violation history , etc . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Gold </Dt> <Dd> In addition to the regular license , the Gold Driver 's License ( ゴールド 免許 , Gōrudo Menkyo ) , or Superior Drivers License ( 優良 運転 者 免許 証 , Yūryō Untensha Menkyoshō ) , is a special designation of license given to `` superior drivers '' ( 優良 運転 者 ) in Japan . Holders of such licenses can be identified by the gold band printed over the expiration date of their driver 's license . </Dd> </Dl> Superior Driver 's License , ( Gold License ) <P> The Gold License is granted to any driver who , at the point of license renewal , has at least five years of clean driving history ( no driving infractions ) . According to implications in the Road Traffic Laws Reforms that took place on May 10 , 1995 , all such licenses are marked with a gold band over the license 's expiration date as well as the word 優良 printed in black , below . </P> <P> Those who hold a gold license have the added benefit of qualifying for the Superior Drivers Course at the time of renewal , a significantly shorter and less - expensive renewal process . In some cases , they can bypass the main license center and have

The first driver's license was required in

When was the first driver's license required?

-8747637469328088527

Succession to the British throne - wikipedia <H1> Succession to the British throne </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The Sovereign 's Throne in the House of Lords , from which the speech is delivered at State Openings of Parliament <P> Succession to the British throne is determined by descent , gender ( for people born before October 2011 ) , legitimacy , and religion . Under common law , the Crown is inherited by a sovereign 's children or by a childless sovereign 's nearest collateral line . The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 , restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in `` communion with the Church of England '' . Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015 . Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman Catholics are eligible . </P> <P> Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign , and her heir apparent is her eldest son , Charles , Prince of Wales . Next in line after him is Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , the Prince of Wales 's elder son . Third in line is Prince George , the son of the Duke of Cambridge , followed by his sister , Princess Charlotte . Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales , the younger son of the Prince of Wales . Sixth in line is Prince Andrew , Duke of York , the Queen 's second - eldest son . Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign 's consent would be disqualified from succession . </P> <P> The first four individuals in the line of succession who are over 21 , and the sovereign 's consort , may be appointed Counsellors of State . Counsellors of State perform some of the sovereign 's duties in the United Kingdom while he or she is out of the country or temporarily incapacitated . Otherwise , individuals in the line of succession need not have specific legal or official roles . </P> <P> The United Kingdom is one of the 16 Commonwealth realms . Each of those countries has the same person as monarch and the same order of succession . In 2011 , the prime ministers of the realms agreed unanimously to adopt a common approach to amending the rules on the succession to their respective Crowns so that absolute primogeniture would apply for persons born after the date of the agreement , instead of male - preference primogeniture , and the ban on marriages to Roman Catholics would be lifted , but the monarch would still need to be in communion with the Church of England . After the necessary legislation had been enacted in accordance with each realm 's constitution , the changes took effect on 26 March 2015 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Current line of succession </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 England </Li> <Li> 2.2 Scotland </Li> <Li> 2.3 After the union of the crowns <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Stuarts </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Hanoverians and Windsors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 Commonwealth realms , 20c. and after </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Current rules <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Marriages </Li> <Li> 3.2 Religion </Li> <Li> 3.3 Treason </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Accession </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Sources </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Current line of succession ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> First six in line from 2 May 2015 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . The Prince of Wales </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . The Duke of Cambridge </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . Prince George of Cambridge </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . Princess Charlotte of Cambridge </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . Prince Henry of Wales </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . The Duke of York </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> No official , complete version of the line of succession is currently maintained . The exact number , in remoter collateral lines , of the persons who would be eligible is uncertain . In 2001 genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of the Electress Sophia in order of succession , but did so disregarding Roman Catholic status . When updated in January 2011 , the number was more than five thousand . </P> <P> The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession , being limited to descendants of the sons of George V ( the present Queen 's grandfather ) . Persons named in italics are unnumbered either because they are deceased or because sources report them to be excluded from the succession . The order of the first sixteen numbered in the list is given on the official website of the British Monarchy ; other list numbers and exclusions are explained by annotations ( `` Notes and sources '' below ) and footnotes . </P> <Ul> <Li> King George V ( 1865 -- 1936 ) <Ul> <Li> King Edward VIII ( 1894 -- 1972 ) </Li> <Li> King George VI ( 1895 -- 1952 ) <Ul> <Li> Queen Elizabeth II ( born 1926 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 1 ) Charles , Prince of Wales ( b . 1948 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 2 ) Prince William , Duke of Cambridge ( b . 1982 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 3 ) Prince George of Cambridge ( b . 2013 ) </Li> <Li> ( 4 ) Princess Charlotte of Cambridge ( b . 2015 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 5 ) Prince Henry of Wales ( Prince Harry ) ( b . 1984 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 6 ) Prince Andrew , Duke of York ( b . 1960 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 7 ) Princess Beatrice of York ( b . 1988 ) </Li> <Li> ( 8 ) Princess Eugenie of York ( b . 1990 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 9 ) Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex ( b . 1964 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 10 ) James , Viscount Severn ( b . 2007 ) </Li> <Li> ( 11 ) Lady Louise Windsor ( b . 2003 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 12 ) Anne , Princess Royal ( b . 1950 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 13 ) Peter Phillips ( b . 1977 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 14 ) Savannah Phillips ( b . 2010 ) </Li> <Li> ( 15 ) Isla Phillips ( b . 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 16 ) Zara Tindall ( née Phillips ; b . 1981 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 17 ) Mia Tindall ( b . 2014 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Princess Margaret , Countess of Snowdon ( 1930 -- 2002 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 18 ) David Armstrong - Jones , 2nd Earl of Snowdon ( b . 1961 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 19 ) Charles Armstrong - Jones , Viscount Linley ( b . 1999 ) </Li> <Li> ( 20 ) Lady Margarita Armstrong - Jones ( b . 2002 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 21 ) Lady Sarah Chatto ( née Armstrong - Jones ; b . 1964 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 22 ) Samuel Chatto ( b . 1996 ) </Li> <Li> ( 23 ) Arthur Chatto ( b . 1999 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Prince Henry , Duke of Gloucester ( 1900 -- 1974 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 24 ) Prince Richard , Duke of Gloucester ( b . 1944 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 25 ) Alexander Windsor , Earl of Ulster ( b . 1974 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 26 ) Xan Windsor , Lord Culloden ( b . 2007 ) </Li> <Li> ( 27 ) Lady Cosima Windsor ( b . 2010 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 28 ) Lady Davina Lewis ( née Windsor ; b . 1977 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 29 ) Senna Lewis ( b . 2010 ) </Li> <Li> ( 30 ) Tāne Lewis ( b . 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 31 ) Lady Rose Gilman ( née Windsor ; b . 1980 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 32 ) Lyla Gilman ( b . 2010 ) </Li> <Li> ( 33 ) Rufus Gilman ( b . 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Prince George , Duke of Kent ( 1902 -- 1942 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 34 ) Prince Edward , Duke of Kent ( b . 1935 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 35 ) George Windsor , Earl of St Andrews ( b . 1962 ) <Ul> <Li> Edward Windsor , Lord Downpatrick ( b . 1988 ) </Li> <Li> Lady Marina Charlotte Windsor ( b . 1992 ) </Li> <Li> ( 36 ) Lady Amelia Windsor ( b . 1995 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Lord Nicholas Windsor ( b . 1970 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 37 ) Albert Windsor ( b . 2007 ) </Li> <Li> ( 38 ) Leopold Windsor ( b . 2009 ) </Li> <Li> ( 39 ) Louis Windsor ( b . 2014 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 40 ) Lady Helen Taylor ( née Windsor ; b . 1964 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 41 ) Columbus Taylor ( b . 1994 ) </Li> <Li> ( 42 ) Cassius Taylor ( b . 1996 ) </Li> <Li> ( 43 ) Eloise Taylor ( b . 2003 ) </Li> <Li> ( 44 ) Estella Taylor ( b . 2004 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 45 ) Prince Michael of Kent ( b . 1942 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 46 ) Lord Frederick Windsor ( b . 1979 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 47 ) Maud Windsor ( b . 2013 ) </Li> <Li> ( 48 ) Isabella Windsor ( b . 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 49 ) Lady Gabriella Windsor ( b . 1981 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 50 ) Princess Alexandra , The Honourable Lady Ogilvy ( b . 1936 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 51 ) James Ogilvy ( b . 1964 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 52 ) Alexander Ogilvy ( b . 1996 ) </Li> <Li> ( 53 ) Flora Ogilvy ( b . 1994 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> ( 54 ) Marina Mowatt ( née Ogilvy ; b . 1966 ) <Ul> <Li> ( 55 ) Christian Mowatt ( b . 1993 ) </Li> <Li> ( 56 ) Zenouska Mowatt ( b . 1990 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> Notes and sources : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Excluded as Roman Catholics . This exclusion is not affected by changes subsequent to the Perth Agreement . </Dd> <Dd> These people were excluded through marriage to a Roman Catholic . This exclusion was repealed on 26 March 2015 , restoring them to the line of succession , when the Perth Agreement came into effect . </Dd> <Dd> Listed by the official website of the British Monarchy , `` Succession '' , retrieved 13 May 2015 . </Dd> <Dd> Listed on Debrett 's website ( as of 20 June 2015 ) : `` The Line of Succession '' </Dd> <Dd> Listed by Whitaker 's Almanack 2015 , London : Bloomsbury , ISBN 978 - 1 - 4729 - 0929 - 9 , p. 22 </Dd> <Dd> Succession as published on the accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 </Dd> </Dl> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The current succession law in the United Kingdom evolved from succession law in both England and Scotland . Originally in both countries , there were no fixed rules governing

The next in line to inherit the British throne is

Who is next in line to inherit the british throne?

-4445560055142980535

stable isotopes of hydrogen : protium ( A = 1 ) , deuterium ( A = 2 ) , and tritium ( A = 3 ) . <Table> Main isotopes of hydrogen <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Isotope </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Decay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> abundance </Th> <Th> half - life ( t ) </Th> <Th> mode </Th> <Th> product </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 99.98 % </Td> <Td colspan="4"> stable </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 0.02 % </Td> <Td colspan="4"> stable </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> trace </Td> <Td> 12.32 y </Td> <Td> β </Td> <Td> He </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Standard atomic weight ( A ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ( 7000100784000000000 ♠ 1.007 84 , 7000100811000000000 ♠ 1.008 11 ) </Li> <Li> Conventional : 1.008 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> view </Li> <Li> talk </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Hydrogen ( H ) has three naturally occurring isotopes , sometimes denoted H , H , and H. The first two of these are stable while H has a half - life of 12.32 years . All heavier isotopes are synthetic and have a half - life less than one zeptosecond ( 10 second ) . Of these , H is the most stable , and H is the least . </P> <P> Hydrogen is the only element whose isotopes have different names that are in common use today . The H ( or hydrogen - 2 ) isotope is usually called deuterium , while the H ( or hydrogen - 3 ) isotope is usually called tritium . The symbols D and T ( instead of H and H ) are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium . The IUPAC states in the 2005 Red Book that while the use of D and T is common , it is not preferred because it can cause problems in the alphabetic sorting of chemical formulas . The ordinary isotope of hydrogen , with no neutrons , is sometimes called `` protium '' . ( During the early study of radioactivity , some other heavy radioactive isotopes were given names , but such names are rarely used today . ) </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Hydrogen - 1 ( protium ) </Li> <Li> 2 Hydrogen - 2 ( deuterium ) </Li> <Li> 3 Hydrogen - 3 ( tritium ) </Li> <Li> 4 Hydrogen - 4 </Li> <Li> 5 Hydrogen - 5 </Li> <Li> 6 Hydrogen - 6 </Li> <Li> 7 Hydrogen - 7 </Li> <Li> 8 List of isotopes <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Decay chains </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 1 ( protium ) ( edit ) </H2> Protium , the most common isotope of hydrogen , consists of one proton and one electron . Unique among all stable isotopes , it has no neutrons . ( see diproton for a discussion of why others do not exist ) For more details on this topic , see hydrogen atom . <P> H ( atomic mass 7000100782503224100 ♠ 1.007 825 032 241 ( 94 ) u ) is the most common hydrogen isotope with an abundance of more than 99.98 % . Because the nucleus of this isotope consists of only a single proton , it is given the formal name protium . </P> <P> The proton has never been observed to decay , and hydrogen - 1 is therefore considered a stable isotope . Some grand unified theories proposed in the 1970s predict that proton decay can occur with a half - life between 10 and 10 years . If this prediction is found to be true , then hydrogen - 1 ( and indeed all nuclei now believed to be stable ) are only observationally stable . To date , however , experiments have shown that the minimum proton half - life is in excess of 10 years . </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 2 ( deuterium ) ( edit ) </H2> For more details on this topic , see deuterium . A deuterium atom contains one proton , one neutron , and one electron <P> H ( atomic mass 7000201410177811000 ♠ 2.014 101 778 11 ( 12 ) u ) , the other stable hydrogen isotope , is known as deuterium and contains one proton and one neutron in its nucleus . The nucleus of deuterium is called a deuteron . Deuterium comprises 0.0026 -- 0.0184 % ( by population , not by mass ) of hydrogen samples on Earth , with the lower number tending to be found in samples of hydrogen gas and the higher enrichment ( 0.015 % or 150 ppm ) typical of ocean water . Deuterium on Earth has been enriched with respect to its initial concentration in the Big Bang and the outer solar system ( about 27 ppm , by atom fraction ) and its concentration in older parts of the Milky Way galaxy ( about 23 ppm ) . Presumably the differential concentration of deuterium in the inner solar system is due to the lower volatility of deuterium gas and compounds , enriching deuterium fractions in comets and planets exposed to significant heat from the Sun over billions of years of solar system evolution . </P> <P> Deuterium is not radioactive , and does not represent a significant toxicity hazard . Water enriched in molecules that include deuterium instead of protium is called heavy water . Deuterium and its compounds are used as a non-radioactive label in chemical experiments and in solvents for H - NMR spectroscopy . Heavy water is used as a neutron moderator and coolant for nuclear reactors . Deuterium is also a potential fuel for commercial nuclear fusion . </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 3 ( tritium ) ( edit ) </H2> For more details on this topic , see tritium . A tritium atom contains one proton , two neutrons , and one electron <P> H ( atomic mass 7000301604928199000 ♠ 3.016 049 281 99 ( 23 ) u ) is known as tritium and contains one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus . It is radioactive , decaying into helium - 3 through β − decay with a half - life of 12.32 years . Trace amounts of tritium occur naturally because of the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric gases . Tritium has also been released during nuclear weapons tests . It is used in thermonuclear fusion weapons , as a tracer in isotope geochemistry , and specialized in self - powered lighting devices . </P> <P> The most common method of producing tritium is by bombarding a natural isotope of lithium , lithium - 6 , with neutrons in a nuclear reactor . </P> <P> Tritium was once used routinely in chemical and biological labeling experiments as a radiolabel , which has become less common in recent times . D-T nuclear fusion uses tritium as its main reactant , along with deuterium , liberating energy through the loss of mass when the two nuclei collide and fuse at high temperatures . </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 4 ( edit ) </H2> <P> H ( atomic mass is 7000402643000000000 ♠ 4.026 43 ( 11 ) u ) contains one proton and three neutrons in its nucleus . It is a highly unstable isotope of hydrogen . It has been synthesised in the laboratory by bombarding tritium with fast - moving deuterium nuclei . In this experiment , the tritium nucleus captured a neutron from the fast - moving deuterium nucleus . The presence of the hydrogen - 4 was deduced by detecting the emitted protons . It decays through neutron emission into hydrogen - 3 ( tritium ) with a half - life of about 139 ± 10 yoctoseconds , or ( 1.39 ± 0.10 ) × 10 seconds . </P> <P> In the 1955 satirical novel The Mouse That Roared , the name quadium was given to the hydrogen - 4 isotope that powered the Q - bomb that the Duchy of Grand Fenwick captured from the United States . </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 5 ( edit ) </H2> <P> H is a highly unstable isotope of hydrogen . The nucleus consists of a proton and four neutrons . It has been synthesised in the laboratory by bombarding tritium with fast - moving tritium nuclei . In this experiment , one tritium nucleus captures two neutrons from the other , becoming a nucleus with one proton and four neutrons . The remaining proton may be detected , and the existence of hydrogen - 5 deduced . It decays through double neutron emission into hydrogen - 3 ( tritium ) and has a half - life of at least 910 yoctoseconds ( 9.1 × 10 seconds ) . </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 6 ( edit ) </H2> <P> H decays either through triple neutron emission into hydrogen - 3 ( tritium ) or quadruple neutron emission into hydrogen - 2 ( deuterium ) and has a half - life of 290 yoctoseconds ( 2.9 × 10 seconds ) . </P> <H2> Hydrogen - 7 ( edit ) </H2> <P> H consists of a proton and six neutrons . It was first synthesised in 2003 by a group of Russian , Japanese and French scientists at RIKEN 's Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory by bombarding hydrogen with helium - 8 atoms . In the resulting reaction , all six of the helium - 8 's neutrons were donated to the hydrogen 's nucleus . The two remaining protons were detected by the `` RIKEN telescope '' , a device composed of several layers of sensors , positioned behind the target of the RI Beam cyclotron . Hydrogen - 7 has a half life of 23 yoctoseconds ( 2.3 × 10 seconds ) . </P> <H2> List of isotopes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> nuclide symbol </Th> <Th> Z ( p ) </Th> <Th> N ( n ) </Th> <Th> isotopic mass ( u ) </Th> <Th> half - life </Th> <Th> decay mode ( s ) </Th> <Th> Daughter Isotope ( s ) </Th> <Th> nuclear spin </Th> <Th> representative isotopic composition ( mole fraction ) </Th> <Th> range of natural variation ( mole fraction ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7000100782503224000 ♠ 1.007 825 032 24 ( 9 ) </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Stable </Td> <Td> ⁄ </Td> <Td> 6999999885000000000 ♠ 0.999 885 ( 70 ) </Td> <Td> 6999999816000000000 ♠ 0.999 816 -- 6999999974000000000 ♠ 0.999 974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> H ( D ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7000201410177811000 ♠ 2.014 101 778 11 ( 12 ) </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Stable </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6996115000000000000 ♠ 0.000 115 ( 70 ) </Td> <Td> 6995259999999999999 ♠ 0.000 026 -- 6996184000000000000 ♠ 0.000 184 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> H ( T ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7000301604928199000 ♠ 3.016 049 281 99 ( 23 ) </Td> <Td> 7008388789632000000 ♠ 12.32 ( 2 ) y </Td> <Td> β </Td> <Td> He </Td> <Td> ⁄ </Td> <Td> Trace </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7000402643000000000 ♠ 4.026 43 ( 11 ) </Td> <Td> 6978139000000000000 ♠ 1.39 ( 10 ) × 10 s ( 6987737001184020000 ♠ 4.6 ( 9 ) MeV ) </Td> <Td> n </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7000503531000000000 ♠ 5.035 31 ( 10 ) </Td> <Td> > 6978910000000000000 ♠ 9.1 × 10 s ? </Td> <Td> 2n </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( ⁄ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 7000604496000000000 ♠ 6.044 96 ( 27 ) </Td> <Td> 6978290000000000000 ♠ 2.90 ( 70 ) × 10 s ( 6987256348237920000 ♠ 1.6 ( 4 ) MeV ) </Td> <Td> 3n </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 # </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4n </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7000705275000000000 ♠ 7.052 75 ( 108

The mass number of the hydrogen isotope that contains 2 neutrons is

What is the mass number of hydrogen isotope that contains 2 neutrons?

8391452533341141122

) , and Natasha tearfully breaks off her engagement with Andrey ( `` Letters '' ) . Sonya finds out about the plan and realizes it will mean Natasha 's ruin ( `` Sonya & Natasha '' ) ; Sonya determines to save Natasha from herself even if it means she will lose her closest friend ( `` Sonya Alone '' ) . That evening Anatole and Dolokhov plan for the elopement ( `` Preparations '' ) , and Dolokhov tries to change Anatole 's mind with no success . Balaga , their trusted troika driver ( `` Balaga '' ) , soon arrives to take them to Natasha 's house and a wild party ensues as Anatole bids farewell to his friends . However , they are thwarted at the last moment by Marya D . ( `` The Abduction '' ) . Marya D. scolds Natasha but then tries to comfort her with Sonya 's help . Natasha screams at them , breaks down and waits for Anatole to come back for her all night ( `` In My House '' ) . </P> <P> Marya D. calls on Pierre in the middle of the night ( `` A Call to Pierre '' ) , begging him to handle the crisis , and Pierre finally learns that the object of Anatole 's conquest is Natasha . Marya D. finds out that Anatole is married and tells a grief - stricken Natasha . Pierre , outraged , searches for Anatole ( `` Find Anatole '' ) . When Pierre finds Anatole , he comes close to attacking him in rage , but instead gives him money and orders him to leave Moscow ( '' Pierre & Anatole '' ) . Natasha poisons herself with arsenic ( `` Natasha Very Ill '' ) but lives . The next day Andrey returns . Pierre explains the scandal to him and asks him to be compassionate , but Andrey is unable to forgive Natasha and will not ask for her hand in marriage again ( `` Pierre & Andrey '' ) . Finally , Pierre visits Natasha ( `` Pierre & Natasha '' ) and he comforts the distraught girl , giving her hope . After their meeting , Pierre experiences a moment of enlightenment himself while seeing The Great Comet of 1812 in the night sky . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> Malloy 's original score ( orchestrated by the composer ) merges Russian folk and classical music with indie rock and EDM influences . The piece is described by the composer as an `` electropop opera '' and is through - composed , with just one line of spoken dialogue , in Pierre and Natasha 's only scene together . On stage , nearly all of the actors play musical instruments augmenting the show 's orchestra . Groban plays the accordion briefly , and plays large sections of the score on the orchestra 's piano . </P> <P> The libretto contains many passages taken word - for - word from Aylmer and Louise Maude 's 1922 translation of Tolstoy 's novel . </P> <H3> Musical numbers ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Act I </P> <Ol> <Li> `` Prologue '' -- Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` Pierre '' -- Pierre , Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` Moscow '' -- Marya D. , Natasha , Sonya </Li> <Li> `` The Private and Intimate Life of the House '' -- Bolkonsky , Mary </Li> <Li> `` Natasha & Bolkonskys '' -- Mary , Natasha , Bolkonsky </Li> <Li> `` No One Else '' -- Natasha </Li> <Li> `` The Opera '' -- Natasha , Sonya , Marya D. , Hélène , Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` Natasha & Anatole '' -- Natasha , Anatole </Li> <Li> `` The Duel '' -- Anatole , Dolokhov , Pierre , Hélène , Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` Dust and Ashes '' -- Pierre , Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` Sunday Morning '' -- Natasha , Sonya , Marya D . </Li> <Li> `` Charming '' -- Hélène </Li> <Li> `` The Ball '' -- Natasha , Anatole </Li> </Ol> </Td> <Td> <P> Act II </P> <Ol> <Li> `` Letters '' -- Natasha , Pierre , Mary , Anatole , Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` Sonya & Natasha '' -- Sonya , Natasha </Li> <Li> `` Sonya Alone '' -- Sonya </Li> <Li> `` Preparations '' -- Anatole , Dolokhov , Pierre </Li> <Li> `` Balaga '' -- Balaga , Anatole , Dolokhov , Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` The Abduction '' -- Ensemble </Li> <Li> `` In My House '' -- Marya D. , Natasha , Sonya </Li> <Li> `` A Call to Pierre '' -- Marya D. , Pierre </Li> <Li> `` Find Anatole '' -- Pierre , Anatole , Hélène , Natasha </Li> <Li> `` Pierre & Anatole '' -- Pierre , Anatole </Li> <Li> `` Natasha Very Ill '' -- Sonya </Li> <Li> `` Pierre & Andrey '' -- Andrey , Pierre </Li> <Li> `` Pierre & Natasha '' -- Pierre , Natasha </Li> <Li> `` The Great Comet of 1812 '' -- Pierre , Ensemble </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note : An aria for Natasha , `` Natasha Lost '' , was cut from the Broadway production but is included on the original cast recording between number 8 ( `` Natasha & Anatole '' ) and number 9 ( `` The Duel '' ) . In addition , `` Dust and Ashes '' was added for the Broadway production . </P> <H2> Productions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Off - Broadway ( edit ) </H3> Ars Nova ( edit ) <P> The musical premiered on October 16 , 2012 , at Ars Nova ; directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged as an immersive production , with action happening around and among the audience . The set designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club . The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer , Matt Hubbs as sound designer , and Dave Malloy as musical director . The cast included Malloy as Pierre , Phillipa Soo as Natasha , Lucas Steele as Anatole , Amber Gray as Hélène , Brittain Ashford as Sonya , Nick Choksi as Dolokhov , Shaina Taub as Mary , Blake DeLong as Andrey / Prince Bolkonsky , Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto ( who also served as associate music director ) as Balaga . The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway . </P> Kazino ( edit ) <P> In May 16 , 2013 , the show opened in the Meatpacking District at Kazino , a temporary structure designed as an opulent Russian club , where the immersive production was staged , again by the same creative team . The cast reprised their roles , except Choksi , now replaced by Ian Lassiter , and Workman , replaced by Grace McLean . David Abeles took over the role of Pierre on July 9 , 2013 . The show closed on September 1 , 2013 . </P> <P> The show opened for a 14 - week limited engagement in September 2013 at the Kazino and moved to the Theater District , with the final cast of the previous production . On December 10 , 2013 , the two - disc cast recording was released . The show was extended and ran until March 2 , 2014 . </P> <H3> American Repertory Theater ( A.R.T. ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The team behind the original production remounted the show at the American Repertory Theatre ( A.R.T. ) in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with performances beginning December 1 , 2015 to January 2016 . Now expanded to a proscenium stage , the set put audience onstage , with unique seating options , with banquette and dining tables added . Scott Stangland took over the role of Pierre , Denée Benton starred as Natasha , Lilli Cooper as Hélène , Nicholas Belton as Andrey / Prince Bolkonsky and the rest of the cast reprised their roles . </P> <H3> Broadway ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Broadway production at the Imperial Theatre began previews on October 18 , 2016 and opened on November 14 , 2016 , starring Josh Groban as Pierre and Denée Benton as Natasha , both making their Broadway debuts , with choreography by Sam Pinkleton , sets by Mimi Lien , costumes by Paloma Young , lights by Bradley King , sound by Nicholas Pope and music direction by Or Matias . With sets similar to the A.R.T. remounting , the production took the proscenium stage , but removed almost 200 seats from the audience to accommodate the design . Again , the options of stage seats , in banquettes or dining tables is available . The Broadway production cost about $14 million to stage . </P> <P> Following Groban 's departure on July 2 , 2017 , Dave Malloy assumed the role of Pierre from July 3 to 9 , 2017 . Okieriete Onaodowan and Ingrid Michaelson assumed the roles of Pierre and Sonya on July 11 through August 13 ; Onaodowan was originally supposed to begin performances on July 3 . Mandy Patinkin was set to replace Onaodowan as Pierre on August 15 through September 3 , 2017 , but withdrew after criticism from Black Twitter . </P> <P> The Broadway production played its final performance on September 3 , 2017 , having played 32 previews and 336 performances . </P> <H3> National Tour ( edit ) </H3> <P> Plans for a national tour of The Great Comet are underway with an expected launch in 2019 </P> <H3> International productions ( edit ) </H3> <P> In September 2014 , the show had its South American premiere , at Teatro Parapluie in Quito , Ecuador , in a Spanish language production . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> Voice </Th> <Th> Description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Natasha Rostova </Td> <Td> Soprano <P> G3 -- F # 5 </P> </Td> <Td> `` Natasha is young '' : A nineteen - year - old ingenue who is innocent , doe - eyed , and profoundly , lethally romantic . She is betrothed to Andrey and loves him dearly . She goes to Moscow under the care of her godmother , Marya D , with her cousin and best friend Sonya . During her first 3 days there , she meets Anatole and falls for him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pierre Bezukhov </Td> <Td> Baritenor <P> G2 -- B4 </P> </Td> <Td> `` Dear , bewildered , and awkward Pierre ... rich , unhappily married Pierre '' : The illegitimate son of an aristocratic Russian family . Socially awkward with a melancholy streak , he is an outsider in society despite his wealth . He is a good friend of Andrey and keeps an eye on Natasha for him while Andrey is away at war . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anatole Kuragin </Td> <Td> Tenor <P> C3 -- C # 5 </P> </Td> <Td> `` Anatole is hot '' : An aristocratic , seductive hedonist , who spends his money on women and wine . He is the brother of Hélène and best friend of Dolokhov . He is an otherworldly , David Bowie type . During the course of the show , he develops feelings and falls in love with Natasha . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sonya Rostova </Td> <Td> Mezzo <P> F # 3 -- E5 </P> </Td> <Td> `` Sonya is good '' : Natasha 's cousin and closest friend . She is fiercely dedicated to her cousin and will do anything and everything to keep her safe . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hélène Bezukhova </Td> <Td> Alto <P> E3 -- F5 </P> </Td> <Td> `` Hélène is a slut '' : Anatole 's sister who married Pierre for money . She is highly sexualized and dedicated to her brother . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marya Dmitriyevna </Td> <Td> Alto <P> G3 -- E5 </P> </Td> <Td> `` Marya is old

The original cast of Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812 starred

Original cast of natasha pierre and the great comet of 1812?

1747539378277902434

Smoke Gets in Your Eyes - wikipedia <H1> Smoke Gets in Your Eyes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the Homicide episode , see Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ( Homicide : Life on the Street ) . For the Mad Men episode , see Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ( Mad Men ) . For the book about death care , see Caitlin Doughty . This article is about the song . For other uses , see Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` ( When Your Heart 's on Fire ) Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Gertrude Niesen ( with Ray Sinatra and his Orchestra ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Jealousy '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1933 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 10 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> October 13 , 1933 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Otto Harbach </Li> <Li> Jerome Kern </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ray Sinatra </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for their 1933 musical Roberta . The song was sung in the original Broadway show by Tamara Drasin . Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen , who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra , Frank Sinatra 's second cousin , on October 13 , 1933 . Niesen 's recording of the song was released by Victor , catalog # VE B 24454 , with the B - side , `` Jealousy '' , featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra . </P> <P> Paul Whiteman had the first hit recording of the song on the record charts in 1934 . The song was later reprised by Irene Dunne , who performed it in the original 1935 film adaptation of the musical , co-starring Fred Astaire , Ginger Rogers and Randolph Scott . The song was also included in the 1952 remake of Roberta , Lovely to Look At , in which it was performed by Kathryn Grayson , and was a chart hit in 1958 for The Platters . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Later recordings <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1930s -- 1950s <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Eartha Kitt versions </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 The Platters version <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 1960s -- 1980s </Li> <Li> 1.3 1990s -- 2010s </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 List of notable recordings </Li> <Li> 3 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 3.1 In film </Li> <Li> 3.2 In television </Li> <Li> 3.3 In music </Li> <Li> 3.4 In literature </Li> <Li> 3.5 In other uses </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Later recordings ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1930s -- 1950s ( edit ) </H3> <P> The song has been covered by numerous artists ; the first being Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra , with a vocal performance from Bob Lawrence . This version of the song topped music charts in 1934 . Other early covers of the song include that of the Tommy Dorsey orchestra , who released their contemporary version in 1938 , with His Master 's Voice . The B - side to Dorsey 's single was `` Night And Day '' . During the mid-to - late 1930s Larry Adler and Henry Hall recorded live radio performances of the song on BBC Radio broadcasts ; Adler 's rendition , a complex , syncopated , harmonic arrangement , and Hall 's , a full orchestral performance with the BBC orchestra and a vocal performance from Dan Donovan . Henry Hall 's version was also released as a 10 '' single . Art Tatum said in an introduction to a 1955 performance of the song that he performed `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' in the 1930s , contributing to the song 's popularity . However , it is unclear whether Tatum recorded the song during that decade ; if a recording was made at that time , it may not have survived to the present day . </P> Benny Goodman and his orchestra performing with Peggy Lee . <P> In 1941 the Benny Goodman Orchestra first performed the song during recorded radio performances with Helen Forrest . Forrest chose to leave the ensemble during the early part of 1941 , and Goodman then began performing the song with her replacement Peggy Lee , whose recording , from a Mutual sustaining broadcast , was later released on a double long - play album ; named Benny And Sid `` Roll ' Em '' , the album consisted of an assortment of live radio broadcasts by the group . Glenn Miller conducted his rendition of the song at Abbey Road Studios in 1944 . Owing to his sudden death later that year , his orchestral version of the song was not released until 1995 . On October 30 , 1946 Nat `` King '' Cole recorded the song , with Oscar Moore playing guitar and Johnny Miller playing bass as the `` King Cole Trio '' . Cole 's recording was made during a live WMCA radio broadcast from New York . Later , in 1957 , Cole performed the song live on his television variety show The Nat King Cole Show . Though it was not released until some years later , Harry Belafonte made a recording of the song in 1949 with jazz saxophonist Zoot Sims . This was one of Belafonte 's first recordings . Sims ' performance on the track would later be parodied by the character inspired by him , in episode 2.02 of The Muppet Show , which aired on December 10 , 1977 . </P> The song was covered by multiple artists during this time including Nat King Cole ( left ) , Jo Stafford ( center ) , and Sarah Vaughan ( right ) . <P> In 1950 Charlie Parker and Jo Stafford each released versions of the song on their respective albums , Bird at St. Nick 's and Autumn in New York . Thelonious Monk released the song in 1954 on his album Monk . On his 1955 album Clifford Brown with Strings , Clifford Brown released a cover of the song . In 1956 Vic Damone covered the song , with a very different arrangement , as a part of his album That Towering Feeling ! . Damone 's version became one of his most famous songs . Dinah Washington released the song in 1956 , on her album Dinah ! . Jeri Southern named her 1957 album When Your Heart 's On Fire after a lyric from the song ; the album features her version of the song . The same year as Nat King Cole 's televised performance of the song , Polly Bergen performed the song during the series premiere of her variety show The Polly Bergen Show , originally airing September 21 , 1957 . In 1958 Sarah Vaughan released her rendition on her album , No Count Sarah . </P> Eartha Kitt versions ( edit ) <P> In a series of recording sessions with Henri René and his Orchestra in 1952 , sessions that garnered the tracks for her first five albums , RCA Victor Presents Eartha Kitt , That Bad Eartha ( 2xEP ) , That Bad Eartha ( LP ) , Down To Eartha , and Thursday 's Child , as well as her hit single , `` Santa Baby '' , Eartha Kitt first recorded `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' for RCA Victor . This version of the song was first released on her 1954 album That Bad Eartha . A complete list of orchestra members used during the Henri René recording sessions can be read here . In the early 1990s Kitt re-recorded the song , as part of her work with a small jazz combo in Germany , in a recording session arranged by brothers Rolf Kühn and Joachim Kühn . These recordings were preserved by the 1998 release of Thinking Jazz . Kitt re-recorded the song again for the release of her MAC Cosmetics Smoke Signals collection . The new recording of the song was played at all MAC locations carrying the collection for the month . In addition , she performed the song in a music video that was showcased on the MAC website the same month . </P> The Platters version ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Platters </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Remember When ? </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` No Matter What You Are '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 1958 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 45 rpm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Doo - wop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Mercury </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Otto Harbach </Li> <Li> Jerome Kern </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Buck Ram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Platters singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Wish '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` Enchanted '' ( 1959 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Wish '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` Enchanted '' ( 1959 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Possibly the most well - known version of `` Smoke Gets in Your Eyes '' was recorded in 1958 by The Platters , for their album Remember When ? . The group 's cover became a number one hit in the U.S. on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart . In 1959 the version went on to peak at number three on the Rhythm and Blues chart . The song spent 20 weeks on the UK charts , peaking at Number 1 for one week on 20 March of that same year . The Platters ' producer , Buck Ram , reported that Harbach `` congratulated Buck Ram and the Platters for reviving his song with taste . '' Jerome Kern 's widow , on the other hand , disliked the recording so much she considered taking legal action to prevent its distribution . </P> Charts ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1958 -- 59 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States Billboard Hot R&B </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> 1960s -- 1980s ( edit ) </H3> <P> Margaret Whiting released the song on her 1960 album Margaret Whiting Sings the Jerome Kern Songbook . In 1961 Cannonball Adderley released the song on his album African Waltz . Bandleader Ray Conniff first released his arrangement of the song in 1962 , on his double album The Ray Conniff Hi - Fi Companion ; it became one of the signature songs of his career . Saxophone player Boots Randolph released an instrumental version of the song on the B - side of his LP Yakety Sax in 1963 . On February 2 , 1964 , Judy Garland performed the song in a comical performance on the nineteenth episode of her variety television series , The Judy Garland Show . In her performance she sings longingly , sitting at a small table , as the house around her burns down ; firefighters hack down the door

The song "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" was first recorded by

Who sang smoke gets in your eyes first?

-6570496346595660652

livestock also contributed to the deterioration of the forests and fields . Colonists would cut down the trees and then allow their cattle and livestock to graze freely in the forest and never plant more trees . The animals trampled and tore up the ground so much as to cause long - term destruction and damage . </P> <P> Soil exhaustion was a huge problem in New England agriculture . Farming with oxen did allow the colonist to farm more land but it increased erosion and decreased soil fertility . This was due to deeper plow cuts in the soil that allowed the soil more contact with oxygen causing nutrient depletion . In grazing fields , the large number of cattle in the New England , the soil was being compacted by the cattle and this did not give the soil enough oxygen to sustain life . </P> <P> In the United States , farms spread from the colonies westward along with the settlers . In cooler regions , wheat was often the crop of choice when lands were newly settled , leading to a `` wheat frontier '' that moved westward over the course of years . Also very common in the antebellum Midwest was farming corn while raising hogs , complementing each other especially since it was difficult to get grain to market before the canals and railroads . After the `` wheat frontier '' had passed through an area , more diversified farms including dairy cattle generally took its place . Warmer regions saw plantings of cotton and herds of beef cattle . In the early colonial south , raising tobacco and cotton was common , especially through the use of slave labor until the Civil War . In the northeast , slaves were used in agriculture until the early 19th century . In the Midwest , slavery was prohibited by the Freedom Ordinance of 1787 . </P> <P> The introduction and broad adoption of scientific agriculture since the mid-19th century contributed to economic growth in the United States . This development was facilitated by the Morrill Act and the Hatch Act of 1887 which established in each state a land - grant university ( with a mission to teach and study agriculture ) and a federally funded system of agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension networks which place extension agents in each state . </P> <P> Soybeans were not widely cultivated in the United States until the early 1930s , and by 1942 it became the world 's largest soybean producer , due in part to World War II and the `` need for domestic sources of fats , oils , and meal '' . Between 1930 and 1942 , the United States ' share of world soybean production skyrocketed from 3 % to 46.5 % , and by 1969 it had risen to 76 % . By 1973 soybeans were the United States ' `` number one cash crop , and leading export commodity , ahead of both wheat and corn '' . </P> <P> Significant areas of farmland were abandoned during the Great Depression and incorporated into nascent national forests . Later , `` Sodbuster '' and `` Swampbuster '' restrictions written into federal farm programs starting in the 1970s reversed a decades - long trend of habitat destruction that began in 1942 when farmers were encouraged to plant all possible land in support of the war effort . In the United States , federal programs administered through local Soil and Water Conservation Districts provide technical assistance and partial funding to farmers who wish to implement management practices to conserve soil and limit erosion and floods . </P> <H2> Major agricultural products ( edit ) </H2> Satellite image of circular crop fields characteristic of center pivot irrigation in Kansas ( June 2001 ) . <P> Tonnes of United States agriculture production , as reported by the FAO in 2003 and 2013 ( ranked roughly in order of value ) : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Millions of Tonnes in </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corn </Td> <Td> 256.0 </Td> <Td> 354.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cattle meat </Td> <Td> 12.0 </Td> <Td> 11.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cow 's milk , whole , fresh </Td> <Td> 77.0 </Td> <Td> 91.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicken meat </Td> <Td> 14.7 </Td> <Td> 17.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soybeans </Td> <Td> 67.0 </Td> <Td> 89.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pig meat </Td> <Td> 9.1 </Td> <Td> 10.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wheat </Td> <Td> 64.0 </Td> <Td> 58.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cotton lint </Td> <Td> 4.0 </Td> <Td> 2.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hen eggs </Td> <Td> 5.2 </Td> <Td> 5.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Turkey meat </Td> <Td> 2.5 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tomatoes </Td> <Td> 11.4 </Td> <Td> 12.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Potatoes </Td> <Td> 20.8 </Td> <Td> 19.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Grapes </Td> <Td> 5.9 </Td> <Td> 7.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oranges </Td> <Td> 10.4 </Td> <Td> 7.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rice , paddy </Td> <Td> 9.1 </Td> <Td> 8.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apples </Td> <Td> 3.9 </Td> <Td> 4.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sorghum </Td> <Td> 10.4 </Td> <Td> 9.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lettuce </Td> <Td> 4.7 </Td> <Td> 3.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cottonseed </Td> <Td> 6.0 </Td> <Td> 5.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sugar beets </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> 29.8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The only other crops to ever appear in the top 20 in the last 40 years were , commonly : tobacco , barley , and oats , and , rarely : peanuts , almonds , and sunflower seeds . Alfalfa and hay would both be in the top ten in 2003 if they were tracked by FAO . </P> <H3> Crops ( edit ) </H3> Value of production ( edit ) Rice paddy , California <Table> <Tr> <Th> Major Crops in the USA </Th> <Th> 1997 ( in US $ billions ) </Th> <Th> 2014 ( in US $ billions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corn </Td> <Td> $24.4 </Td> <Td> $52.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soybeans </Td> <Td> $17.7 </Td> <Td> $40.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wheat </Td> <Td> $8.6 </Td> <Td> $11.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alfalfa </Td> <Td> $8.3 </Td> <Td> $10.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cotton </Td> <Td> $6.1 </Td> <Td> $5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hay , ( non-Alfalfa ) </Td> <Td> $5.1 </Td> <Td> $8.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tobacco </Td> <Td> $3.0 </Td> <Td> $1.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rice </Td> <Td> $1.7 </Td> <Td> $3.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sorghum </Td> <Td> $1.4 </Td> <Td> $1.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Barley </Td> <Td> $. 9 </Td> <Td> $. 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> 1997 USDA - NASS reports , </Th> <Th> 2015 USDA - NASS reports , </Th> </Tr> </Table> <P> Note alfalfa and hay are not tracked by the FAO and the production of tobacco in the United States has fallen 60 % between 1997 and 2003 . </P> Yield ( edit ) <P> Heavily mechanized , U.S. agriculture has a high yield relative to other countries . As of 2004 : </P> <Ul> <Li> Corn for grain , average of 160.4 bushels harvested per acre ( 10.07 t / ha ) </Li> <Li> Soybean for beans , average of 42.5 bushels harvested per acre ( 2.86 t / ha ) </Li> <Li> Wheat , average of 43.2 bushels harvested per acre ( 2.91 t / ha , was 44.2 bu / ac or 2.97 t / ha in 2003 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Livestock ( edit ) </H3> Density of cattle and calves by county in 2007 . <P> The major livestock industries in the United States : </P> <Ul> <Li> Dairy cattle </Li> <Li> Beef cattle </Li> <Li> Pig </Li> <Li> Poultry </Li> <Li> Sheep </Li> </Ul> <Table> U.S. livestock and poultry inventory <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Th> 1997 </Th> <Th> 2002 </Th> <Th> 2007 </Th> <Th> 2012 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cattle and calves </Td> <Td> 99,907,017 </Td> <Td> 95,497,994 </Td> <Td> 96,347,858 </Td> <Td> 89,994,614 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hogs and pigs </Td> <Td> 61,188,149 </Td> <Td> 60,405,103 </Td> <Td> 67,786,318 </Td> <Td> 66,026,785 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sheep and lambs </Td> <Td> 8,083,457 </Td> <Td> 6,341,799 </Td> <Td> 5,819,162 </Td> <Td> 5,364,844 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Broilers & other meat chickens </Td> <Td> 1,214,446,356 </Td> <Td> 1,389,279,047 </Td> <Td> 1,602,574,592 </Td> <Td> 1,506,276,846 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Laying hens </Td> <Td> 314,144,304 </Td> <Td> 334,435,155 </Td> <Td> 349,772,558 </Td> <Td> 350,715,978 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Goats , horses , turkeys and bees are also raised , though in lesser quantities . Inventory data is not as readily available as for the major industries . For the three major goat - producing states -- Arizona , New Mexico , and Texas -- there were 1.2 million goats at the end of 2002 . There were 5.3 million horses in the United States at the end of 1998 . There were 2.5 million colonies of bees at the end of 2002 . </P> <H2> Farm type or majority enterprise type ( edit ) </H2> <P> Farm type is based on which commodities are the majority crops grown on a farm . Nine common types include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Cash grains includes corn , soybeans and other grains ( wheat , oats , barley , sorghum ) , dry edible beans , peas , and rice . </Li> <Li> Tobacco </Li> <Li> Cotton </Li> <Li> Other field crops includes peanuts , potatoes , sunflowers , sweet potatoes , sugarcane , broomcorn , popcorn , sugar beets , mint , hops , seed crops , hay , silage , forage , etc . Tobacco and cotton can be included here if not in their own separate category . </Li> <Li> High - value crops includes fruits , vegetables , melons , tree nuts , greenhouse , nursery crops , and horticultural specialties . </Li> <Li> Cattle </Li> <Li> Hogs </Li> <Li> Dairy </Li> <Li> Poultry and eggs </Li> </Ul> <H2> Governance ( edit ) </H2> Agriculture subsidy , from a Congressional Budget Office report . Note : chart does not show sugar subsidies . Main articles : Agricultural policy in the United States and Agricultural subsidy <P> Agriculture in the United States is primarily governed by periodically renewed U.S. farm bills . Governance is both a federal and a local responsibility with the United States Department of Agriculture being the federal department responsible . Government aid includes research into crop types and regional suitability as well as many kinds of subsidies , some price supports and loan programs . U.S. farmers are not subject to production quotas and some laws are different for farms compared to other workplaces . </P> <P> Labor laws prohibiting children in other workplaces provide some exemptions for children working on farms with complete exemptions for children working on their family 's farm . Children can also gain permits from vocational training schools or the 4 - H club which allow them to do jobs they would otherwise not be permitted to do . </P> <P> A large part of the U.S. farm workforce is made up of migrant and seasonal workers , many of them recent immigrants from Latin America . Additional laws apply to these workers and their housing which is often provided by the farmer . </P> <H2> Employment ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1870 , almost 50 percent of the US population was employed in agriculture . As of 2008 , less than 2 percent of the population is directly employed in agriculture . </P> <P> In 2012 , there were 3.2 million farmers , ranchers and other agricultural managers and an estimated 757,900 agricultural workers were legally employed in the US . Animal breeders accounted for 11,500 of those workers with the rest categorized as miscellaneous agricultural workers . According to a study the farm laborers declined by 20 % between 2002 and 2014 . The median pay was $9.12 per hour or $18,970 per year . In 2009 , about 519,000 people under age

The main crop grown in the United States is

What are the main crops grown in the united states?

7811140318762480311

Mandalay Bay - wikipedia <H1> Mandalay Bay </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mandalay Bay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Paradise , Nevada , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Address </Th> <Td> 3950 South Las Vegas Boulevard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening date </Th> <Td> March 2 , 1999 ; 18 years ago ( March 2 , 1999 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme </Th> <Td> Tropical </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of rooms </Th> <Td> 3,309 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total gaming space </Th> <Td> 135,000 sq ft ( 12,500 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Permanent shows </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson : One </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Signature attractions </Th> <Td> Mandalay Bay Convention Center Mandalay Bay Events Center Shark Reef House of Blues Mandalay Beach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable restaurants </Th> <Td> Aureole Alain Ducasse Rivea Charlie Palmer Steak Fleur by Hubert Keller Kumi Lupo Red Square RM Seafood Stripsteak Border Grill Las Vegas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Casino type </Th> <Td> Land - based </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> MGM Resorts International </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Renovated in </Th> <Td> 2002 , 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 36 ° 5 ′ 30 '' N 115 ° 10 ′ 29 '' W  /  36.09167 ° N 115.17472 ° W  / 36.09167 ; - 115.17472 Coordinates : 36 ° 5 ′ 30 '' N 115 ° 10 ′ 29 '' W  /  36.09167 ° N 115.17472 ° W  / 36.09167 ; - 115.17472 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> mandalaybay.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mandalay Bay is a 43 - story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International . One of the property 's towers operates as the Delano ; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower , occupying 5 floors ( 35 -- 39 ) . </P> <P> Mandalay Bay has 3,309 hotel rooms , 24 elevators and a casino of 135,000 square feet ( 12,500 m ) . Adjacent to the hotel is the 2,000,000 square feet ( 190,000 m ) Mandalay Bay Convention Center and the 12,000 - seat Mandalay Bay Events Center . The Mandalay Bay Tram connects the resort to its sister properties , Excalibur and Luxor , all three of which were constructed by Circus Circus Enterprises before its sale to MGM . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 2017 shooting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Hotels <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Penthouse suites </Li> <Li> 2.2 Four Seasons Hotel </Li> <Li> 2.3 Delano Las Vegas ( adjacent building ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Attractions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Shows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Mandalay Beach </Li> <Li> 3.3 Mandalay Bay Events Center </Li> <Li> 3.4 Mandalay Bay Convention Center </Li> <Li> 3.5 The Shoppes at Mandalay Place </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Restaurants <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Bars and lounges </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Media references <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Film and television </Li> <Li> 5.2 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> View from Mandalay Bay hotel looking north ( 2014 ) <P> In 1995 , Circus Circus Enterprises bought the Hacienda for $80 million and an adjacent 74 - acre ( 30 ha ) site for $73 million . They closed the Hacienda on December 1 , 1996 , and imploded it a month later on New Year 's Eve . Plans for the tropical - themed `` Project Paradise '' were revealed the same day , with an estimated budget of $800 million to $1 billion . In February 1998 the project was renamed Mandalay Bay to evoke the exotic tropical romanticism of the poem `` Mandalay '' . </P> <P> Problems arose during construction because of excessive and uneven settling of the soil beneath the building ; the core of the building sank by 17 inches ( 430 mm ) , while one of the wings had settled by only 2 inches ( 51 mm ) . Rumors about the severity of the issues depressed Circus Circus 's stock price . The problem was solved by installing 536 micropiles ( 200 - foot - long metal pipes filled with grout , each capped with a hydraulic jack ) below the building , at an estimated cost of $8 to $10 million . </P> <P> The resort opened on March 2 , 1999 , with grand opening festivities that included the Blues Brothers ( Dan Aykroyd , James Belushi , and John Goodman ) leading a procession of 200 motorcycles to Mandalay Bay 's front doors , and a concert by Bob Dylan at the House of Blues . </P> <P> In June 1999 , Circus Circus changed its name to Mandalay Resort Group . </P> <P> Construction of a major convention center at Mandalay Bay was begun in June 2001 , with its opening originally set for the summer of 2002 . After a delay in the wake of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Mandalay Bay Convention Center opened in January 2003 . With 1.5 million square feet ( 140,000 m ) of space , it was the fifth largest convention center in the nation . </P> <P> On May 23 , 2002 , the Mandalay Resort Group announced a second 1,122 - room hotel tower , with a cost of at least $200 million . Construction began on the project in September 2002 . The name of the tower , THEhotel at Mandalay Bay , was revealed in October 2003 . The tower opened on December 17 , 2003 . </P> <P> In February 2005 , Mandalay Resort Group was sold to MGM Mirage ( later MGM Resorts International ) , who currently own the resort . The acquisition was finalized on April 25 , 2005 . </P> <H3> 2017 shooting ( edit ) </H3> Main article : 2017 Las Vegas shooting <P> On October 1 , 2017 , gunman Stephen Paddock opened fire on the Route 91 Harvest , a country music festival , from a room on the 32nd floor of the hotel , killing 58 and wounding 546 . The shooting ended when Paddock committed suicide before Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department officers breached the hotel room . The shooting brought attention to a legal device called a bump - fire stock , which is used to mimic an automatic weapon . Automatic weapons are restricted by the National Firearms Act of 1934 and the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986 . This incident is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in recent U.S. history . </P> <H2> Hotels ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Penthouse suites ( edit ) </H3> <P> The gold coloring of the hotel is a result of gold leaf used on the windows . Levels 40 - 42 ( numbered as floors 60 -- 62 ) are designed as penthouse suites , with a penthouse lounge on level 62 for guests staying in the penthouses . Level 43 ( numbered as 64 ) is the Foundation Room , a restaurant and bar . </P> <H3> Four Seasons hotel ( edit ) </H3> <P> Five floors ( floors 35 -- 39 ) of the main hotel building are occupied by the five - star and AAA Five - Diamond Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas . </P> <H3> Delano Las Vegas ( adjacent building ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Delano Las Vegas <P> The resort 's second tower , with 45 stories and 1,117 suites , previously operated as THEhotel at Mandalay Bay , now operates as Delano Las Vegas . Each suite is at least 750 square feet ( 70 m ) . </P> <H2> Attractions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Shows ( edit ) </H3> <P> A production of the classic Broadway musical Chicago debuted at Mandalay Bay 's 1999 grand opening and ran for one year . Storm , an original production show featuring Latin music , ran from April 2001 to July 2002 . Mamma Mia ! was a long - running stage production at the resort from 2003 to 2009 . The show was replaced with Disney 's The Lion King , which opened on May 15 , 2009 . Its run ended in 2011 to make way for Michael Jackson : One , by Cirque du Soleil , which opened May 2013 . </P> <P> Another popular attraction is the House of Blues , a venue for live music and a restaurant , with a capacity of approximately 1,800 . On the top floor of the hotel is the House of Blues Foundation Room , featuring a dining room , private dining rooms , and a balcony looking down the Las Vegas Strip . </P> <H3> Mandalay Beach ( edit ) </H3> Mandalay Bay pool . <P> Mandalay Beach is an 11 acres ( 4.5 ha ) pool area with three heated pools , a wave pool with connecting pool for small children , and a lazy river that features a small waterfall . The wave pool features 1.6 million gallons of water and waves in 90 - second intervals with heights ranging anywhere from two to four feet . Because of this , it has a strict 48 '' height requirement . The European - style pool , called Moorea , features its own private bar as well as the allowance of female guests to bathe topless . Because of this , Moorea is separated from the rest of the pool by smoked glass windows and has an over-21 requirement . There are also two restaurants at the Beach . The pool area won the Las Vegas Review Journal 's Reader 's `` Best Pool of Las Vegas '' award for seven years in a row . One pool remains open throughout the winter months . </P> <P> In keeping with the resort 's tropical theme , it features a saltwater aquarium , the Shark Reef Aquarium , which contains the third largest tank in North America . Shark Reef Aquarium contains numerous other exhibits , including two tunnel - shaped , walk - through aquariums . </P> <H3> Mandalay Bay events center ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Mandalay Bay Events Center <P> The Mandalay Bay Events Center , a 12,000 - seat arena , hosts major events including concerts , boxing matches , and Ultimate Fighting Championship events . It has played host to the Latin Grammy Awards several times , and the Miss Universe pageant . </P> <H3> Mandalay Bay convention center ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Mandalay Bay Convention Center <P> This 1,000,000 square feet ( 93,000 m ) facility is one of the largest privately owned convention centers in the world . It has several ballrooms ranging in size up to 100,000 square feet ( 9,300 m ) , and can support up to 75 breakout sessions . </P> <H3> The Shoppes at Mandalay Place ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Shoppes at Mandalay Place is a 310 - foot ( 94 m ) - long retail sky bridge . </P> <H2> Restaurants ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are 24 restaurants at the resort . Michael Mina , Alain Ducasse , Rick Moonen , Charlie Palmer , Hubert Keller , Wolfgang Puck , Mary Sue Milliken and Susan Feniger are all associated with restaurants on the property . </P> <Ul> <Li> Aureole </Li> <Li> Bayside Buffet </Li> <Li> Beach Bar & Grill </Li> <Li> Burger Bar </Li> <Li> Border Grill </Li> <Li> Charlie Palmer Steak </Li> <Li> Citizens ( Formerly Red , White , and Blue ) </Li> <Li> Fleur </Li> <Li> Foundation Room </Li> <Li> Boardwalk Pizza & Pasta ( Formerly Wolf Grill ) </Li> <Li> House of Blues at Crossroads </Li> <Li> House of Blues Restaurant </Li> <Li> Hussong 's Cantina </Li> <Li> Lupo </Li> <Li> Mizuya </Li> <Li> Alain Ducasse Mix </Li> <Li>

The owner of the Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas is

Who is the owner of the mandalay bay in vegas?

3599421094587589904

Kick - off ( association football ) - wikipedia <H1> Kick - off ( association football ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Kick - off at the final of the 2005 Confederations Cup <P> A kick - off is the method of starting and , in some cases , restarting play in a game of association football . The rules concerning the kick - off are part of Law 8 of the Laws of the Game . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Award </Li> <Li> 2 Procedure </Li> <Li> 3 Infringements </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Award ( edit ) </H2> <P> A kick - off is used to start each half of play , and each period of extra time where applicable . The kick - off to start a game is awarded to the team that lost the pre-game coin toss ( the team that won the coin - toss chooses which direction they wish to play ) . The kick - off begins when the referee blows the whistle . The kick - off to start the second half is taken by the other team . If extra time is played another coin - toss is used at the beginning of this period . </P> <P> A kick - off is also used to restart play after a goal is scored , and is taken by the team that conceded the goal . </P> <H2> Procedure ( edit ) </H2> Luis Suárez and Andy Carroll preparing to kick - off . <P> The kick - off is taken from the centre spot . All players must be in their own half of the field of play , and all opposing players must remain at least 10 yards ( 9.16 m ) from the ball ( a distance marked on the pitch by the centre circle ) , until the ball is in play . </P> <P> The ball is initially stationary until it is put into play by being kicked . The player who has first kicked the ball may not touch it again until it has been touched by another player . </P> <P> A stipulation that this kick must be towards the opponents ' goal existed in the rules from 1883 until 2016 . This resulted in kick - offs typically involving two persons ( as pictured ) , with one tapping the ball forward and the other passing it back to the rest of the team . </P> <P> A goal may be scored directly from a kick - off against the opponent . </P> <H2> Infringements ( edit ) </H2> <P> If a player moves from their required position as detailed above the kick is retaken . Failure to maintain position may constitute misconduct and be punished by a caution ( yellow card ) . </P> <P> It is an offence for the kicker to touch the ball a second time until it has been touched by another player ; this is punishable by an indirect free kick to the defending team from where the offence occurred , unless the second touch was also a more serious handling offence , in which case it is punishable by a direct free kick . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` LAW 8 - THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY - FIFA.com '' . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 04 . first1 = missing last1 = in Authors list ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Laws of the Game ( 1883 ) . The Football Association . Wikisource. 1883 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Football : IFAB Confirm Series of Changes to Football Rules Ahead of Next Season Yahoo ! Sport , 16 April 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.theifab.com/#!/laws/the-start-and-restart-of-play/chapters/kick-off The IFAB Laws of the Game , Law 8 </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> FIFA Laws of the Game ( PDF ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Laws of the Game ( rules of association football ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Terms </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Law 1 : The Field of Play </Li> <Li> Law 2 : The Ball </Li> <Li> Law 3 : The Number of Players </Li> <Li> Law 4 : The Players ' Equipment </Li> <Li> Law 5 : The Referee </Li> <Li> Law 6 : The Other Match Officials </Li> <Li> Law 7 : The Duration of the Match </Li> <Li> Law 8 : The Start and Restart of Play </Li> <Li> Law 9 : The Ball In and Out of Play </Li> <Li> Law 10 : The Method of Scoring </Li> <Li> Law 11 : Offside </Li> <Li> Law 12 : Fouls and Misconduct </Li> <Li> Law 13 : Free kicks ( direct and indirect ) </Li> <Li> Law 14 : The Penalty Kick </Li> <Li> Law 15 : The Throw - In </Li> <Li> Law 16 : The Goal Kick </Li> <Li> Law 17 : The Corner Kick </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Comparisons </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rugby union </Li> <Li> Futsal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> International Football Association Board ( IFAB ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Football Association </Li> <Li> Scottish Football Association </Li> <Li> Football Association of Wales </Li> <Li> Irish Football Association </Li> <Li> FIFA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kick-off_(association_football)&oldid=809482705 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Laws of association football </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> CS1 errors : missing author or editor </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Azərbaycanca </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Hrvatski </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 9 November 2017 , at 11 : 51 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The team that kicks the ball first to start a football game is

Who kicks the ball first to start a football game?

-4960762045917431768

Leg 10 ( Vietnam ) </Li> <Li> 5.11 Leg 11 ( Vietnam → South Korea ) </Li> <Li> 5.12 Leg 12 ( South Korea → United States ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Ratings </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production and filming ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> Miraflores Locks on the Panama Canal was the first destination visited in the 29th season of The Amazing Race after teams started off at Grand Hope Park in Downtown Los Angeles . <P> In March 2016 , CBS renewed The Amazing Race for the 2016 -- 17 TV season , but was left out of the Fall schedule for the first time since season 12 and the entire Fall schedule run since the 2003 -- 04 TV season . The show 's Friday time slot instead went to new drama series MacGyver . It was announced in November 2016 that the season would premiere Friday , April 21 , 2017 in its regular Friday time slot after MacGyver had finished its season run . On March 10 , 2017 , CBS announced that it was moving low - rated new drama Training Day to Saturdays and would move the Race premiere up to March 30 to fill the now vacated Thursday , 10pm time slot . </P> <P> The season will include 17 cities across five continents and nine countries over 36,000 miles ( 58,000 km ) with visits including Panama , Tanzania , Norway and Greece . Filming began on June 10 , 2016 in Los Angeles , and concluded on July 2 , 2016 in Chicago . For the first time in race history , the current route markers were used in Vietnam . </P> <P> This season also introduced a few alterations to the Race rules . While the traditional limit on Roadblock performances were still enforced , there was an additional requirement wherein team members could not perform more than four Roadblocks before the ninth leg of the race . Additionally , there was no limit on how many times a team could use the U-Turn on this season . </P> <H2> Results ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of The Amazing Race ( U.S. TV series ) contestants <P> As announced by CBS , the following teams participated in the race . Unlike the traditional format of the Race , these contestants arrived at the starting line unpaired , an idea that Race producers claim fans have repeatedly suggested to the them in the past . A challenge prior to the official start of the race was used to determine a ranking of the 22 contestants . The highest - ranked unpaired contestant was then allowed to draft any remaining unpaired contestant as his or her teammate ; the process continued until all eleven teams were determined . Selections were based solely on first impressions and the interactions contestants had with each other during the first challenge . Each team is listed with the unique hashtag the show 's graphics use to identify them . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Team hashtag </Th> <Th colspan="12"> Position ( by leg ) </Th> <Th> Roadblocks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5ε </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> <Th> 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> 9 </Th> <Th> 10 </Th> <Th> 11 </Th> <Th> 12 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brooke & Scott </Th> <Td> # TeamBrookeandScott </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 3rd ⊃ </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> Brooke 5 , Scott 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tara & Joey </Th> <Td> # TeamMomandDad </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> <Td> 2nd ⊃ </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 1st ⋑ </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> Tara 5 , Joey 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> London & Logan </Th> <Td> # TeamLoLo </Td> <Td> 8th </Td> <Td> 8th </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> London 6 , Logan 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Matt & Redmond </Th> <Td> # TheBoys </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 4th ⋐ </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td> Matt 6 , Redmond 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Becca & Floyd </Th> <Td> # TeamFun </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 8th </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 3rd ƒ </Td> <Td> 1st ⋑ </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 5th ⋐ </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> Becca 4 , Floyd 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Liz & Michael </Th> <Td> # TeamLizandMike </Td> <Td> 10th </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> <Td> 4th ⊃ </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 6th ⊂ </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> Liz 4 , Michael 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vanck & Ashton </Th> <Td> # TeamVanckandAshton </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 3rd ⊃ </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 7th ⊂ </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td> Vanck 3 , Ashton 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Shamir & Sara </Th> <Td> # TheSandSExpress </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 9th </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> <Td> 8th </Td> <Td colspan="8"> </Td> <Td> Shamir 2 , Sara 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seth & Olive </Th> <Td> # TeamAmerica </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> 4th </Td> <Td> 9th ⊂ </Td> <Td colspan="9"> </Td> <Td> Seth 1 , Olive 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jessie & Francesca </Th> <Td> # SwoleSisters </Td> <Td> 9th </Td> <Td> 10th </Td> <Td colspan="10"> </Td> <Td> Jessie 0 , Francesca 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kevin & Jenn </Th> <Td> # LongHairDontCare </Td> <Td> 11th </Td> <Td colspan="11"> </Td> <Td> Kevin 0 , Jenn 0 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> A red team placement indicates the team was eliminated . </Li> <Li> A brown ⊃ or a cyan ⋑ indicates that the team chose to use one of the two U-Turns in a Double U-Turn , while a ⊂ or ⋐ indicates the team who received it . </Li> <Li> A green ƒ indicates that the team won a Fast Forward . </Li> <Li> An underlined leg number indicates there was no mandatory rest period at the Pit Stop , and all teams were ordered to continue racing . An underlined team placement indicates that the team came in last on a `` continue racing '' leg and was ordered to continue racing . </Li> <Li> An underlined blue placement indicates the team came in last on a non-elimination leg and had to perform a Speed Bump during the next leg of the race . </Li> <Li> A purple ε indicates the team decided to use the Express Pass on that leg ; if next to a leg number , it indicates that the team with the Express Pass forfeited the Pass at the Pit Stop of that leg without ever having used it . </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> ^ Due to a storm at the site of the Detour , several teams still performing the Detour received time credit . Time credit given to Tara & Joey and Vanck & Ashton pushed London & Logan from 6th to 8th . This went unaired . </Li> <Li> ^ Kevin & Jenn initially arrived 10th , but were issued a 2 - hour penalty upon reaching the Pit Stop because they were unable to complete either Detour option before safety and darkness made it too unsafe to continue . Liz & Michael checked in during their penalty time , dropping Kevin & Jenn to last place and resulting in their elimination . </Li> <Li> ^ Becca & Floyd initially arrived 5th but because Floyd did not have his passport , they were not allowed to check in until they found it and brought it back to the pit stop . Three teams ( London & Logan , Brooke & Scott , and Shamir & Sara ) checked - in while they went back , dropping Becca & Floyd to 8th . </Li> <Li> ^ Shamir & Sara were unable to complete the Roadblock due to darkness and closing of the shop ; as a result , after all the other teams had already checked in at the Pit Stop . Phil went to the Roadblock location ( the DASICO Umasida Dispensary ) to inform them of their elimination . </Li> <Li> ^ Becca & Floyd found the Express Pass on Leg 1 during the Start Line task , and were required to use it by the end of Leg 5 ; they elected to go for the Fast Forward in that leg rather than use the Express Pass . </Li> <Li> ^ Becca & Floyd used their U-Turn power on Liz & Michael ; however , they had already passed the U-Turn point and were therefore unaffected by it . </Li> <Li> ^ Becca & Floyd were issued a 10 - minute penalty for speeding ; they elected to serve the penalty immediately . However , this did not affect their placement , and it was unaired . </Li> <Li> ^ On the way to Đền Thái Vi , Floyd became dizzy due to fatigue from the Roadblock , and medics were called out . Long after all the other teams had already checked in at the Pit Stop , Phil came out to their location to inform them of their elimination . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Episode title quotes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Episode titles are often taken from quotes made by the racers . </P> <Ol> <Li> `` We 're Coming For You , Phil ! '' -- Seth </Li> <Li> `` Scared Spitless '' -- Liz </Li> <Li> `` Bucket List Type Stuff '' -- Logan </Li> <Li> `` Another One Bites the Dust '' -- Liz </Li> <Li> `` Have Faith in Me , Broski '' -- Liz </Li> <Li> `` Double U-Turn Ahead '' -- Phrase on Clue </Li> <Li> `` Have Fun and Get It Done '' -- Tara </Li> <Li> `` Good Job , Donkey '' -- Tara </Li> <Li> `` I Thought We Were Playing It Nice '' -- London </Li> <Li> `` Riding a Bike Is Like Riding a Bike '' -- London </Li> <Li> `` As Easy As Stacking Cups '' -- Redmond </Li> <Li> `` We 're Going To Victory Lane '' -- Race - car driver at Chicagoland Speedway ( non-racer ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> Prizes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The prize for each leg was awarded to the first place team for that leg . Trips were provided by Travelocity . The prizes were : </P> <Ul> <Li> Leg 1 : US $ 2,000 each ( unaired ) </Li> <Li> Leg 2 : A trip for two to Barbados </Li> <Li> Leg 3 : A trip for two to Amsterdam </Li> <Li> Leg 4 : US $5,000 each </Li> <Li> Leg 5 : None </Li> <Li> Leg 6 : A trip for two to Ushuaia , Argentina </Li> <Li> Leg 7 : A trip for two to Grenada </Li> <Li> Leg 8 : US $7,500 each </Li> <Li> Leg 9 : A trip for two to Galapagos Islands </Li> <Li> Leg 10 : A trip for two to Costa Rica </Li> <Li> Leg 11 : None </Li> <Li> Leg 12 : US $1,000,000 </Li> </Ul> <H2> Race summary ( edit ) </H2> Complete race map and countries visited during the season <Table> <Tr> <Th> Destinations </Th> <Td> Air travel Rail travel Water travel Bus travel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Route Markers </Th> <Td> Detour Roadblock Fast Forward U-Turn Speed Bump Pit Stop </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Leg 1 ( United States → Panama ) ( edit )

The team that came in last place on Amazing Race was

Who came in last place on amazing race?

5770553296217961046

The Shannara Chronicles - Wikipedia <H1> The Shannara Chronicles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Shannara Chronicles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Fantasy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Alfred Gough Miles Millar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Sword of Shannara Trilogy by Terry Brooks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Austin Butler </Li> <Li> Poppy Drayton </Li> <Li> Ivana Baquero </Li> <Li> Manu Bennett </Li> <Li> Aaron Jakubenko </Li> <Li> Marcus Vanco </Li> <Li> Malese Jow </Li> <Li> Vanessa Morgan </Li> <Li> Gentry White </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Until We Go Down '' by Ruelle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Felix Erskine Lukas Burton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 20 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dan Farah </Li> <Li> Terry Brooks </Li> <Li> Eugene Stein </Li> <Li> Stewart Till </Li> <Li> Jon Favreau </Li> <Li> Jonathan Liebesman </Li> <Li> Alfred Gough </Li> <Li> Miles Millar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jenna Glazier </Li> <Li> David Gardner </Li> <Li> Tim Coddington </Li> <Li> Tim Scanlan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> New Zealand </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Michael Bonvillain Rodney Charters </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> Peter Gvozdas Chris Peppe Josh Beal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 40 -- 43 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Farah Films </Li> <Li> Millar Gough Ink </Li> <Li> Raygun One </Li> <Li> Sonar Entertainment </Li> <Li> MTV Production Development </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Viacom Media Networks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> MTV ( 2016 ) Spike ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 5 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 05 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.spike.com/shows/the-shannara-chronicles </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Shannara Chronicles is an American fantasy drama television series created by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar . It is an adaptation of The Sword of Shannara trilogy of fantasy novels by Terry Brooks . </P> <P> It is filmed in the Auckland Film Studios and on location elsewhere in New Zealand , premiered on MTV in the United States on January 5 , 2016 , and consisted of 10 episodes . MTV originally greenlit a second season of The Shannara Chronicles in April 2016 ; however , in May 2017 , it was announced that the series would relocate to Spike . The second season premiered on October 11 , 2017 , and concluded November 22 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 1 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 2 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Conception and development </Li> <Li> 4.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 4.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 4.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Broadcast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.2 Ratings <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 Season 1 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Season 2 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> See also : Synopsis of The Elfstones of Shannara <P> Season one of The Shannara Chronicles roughly follows the storylines set out in The Elfstones of Shannara , set in the fictional Four Lands . As the series opens , demons start to return after being banished from this world to a place known as the Forbidding -- locked by an ancient tree called the Ellcrys . The series chronicles the journey of Wil , Amberle and Eretria who , with the guidance of the last druid Allanon , must go on a quest to protect the Ellcrys from dying and releasing all the banished demons back into the Four Lands . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> See also : The Elfstones of Shannara characters <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Austin Butler as Wil Ohmsford , a half - human / half - elf who is the last of the bloodline of the ancient Shannara family . He is destined to help save the Four Lands from demons . He possesses three Elfstones , which belonged to his late father , Shea Ohmsford . </Li> <Li> Poppy Drayton as Amberle Elessedil ( season 1 ; recurring , season 2 ) , the Elven Princess and the first female to be accepted as one of the Chosen , a group of elves responsible for protecting and caring for the Ellcrys tree . Amberle becomes the lover of Wil before she sacrifices herself to save the Ellcrys and everyone else . </Li> <Li> Ivana Baquero as Eretria , a human who was raised by Rovers , a band of thieves . Although at first untrustworthy , she later becomes a stalwart ally of the group . She also has romantic feelings for Wil , and becomes involved with the Princess of Leah , Lyria , in the second season . </Li> <Li> Manu Bennett as Allanon ( season 1 - 2 ) , a human and the last druid who has been alive for more than 300 years through the use of Druid Sleep . He guides and mentors the group on their quest to protect the Ellcrys . In season 2 , Bennett also portrays the Warlock Lord . </Li> <Li> Aaron Jakubenko as Ander Elessedil ( season 1 - 2 ) , the youngest son of King Eventine who has a reputation for being irresponsible , due to the death of older brother Aine , as he blames himself for his brother 's death , despite the fact it was not his fault . However , after the death of his father and his brother Arion respectively , Ander becomes the new king of the elves ; finally abandoning his irresponsible party boy nature , becoming the responsible ruler his kingdom needs . </Li> <Li> Marcus Vanco as Bandon , an Elven boy with the gift of a seer , meaning that he can see possible futures when he touches someone . He follows a dark path in the second season . </Li> <Li> Malese Jow as Mareth Ravenlock ( season 2 ) , a half - human / half - elf searching for Wil who is revealed to be Allanon 's daughter . She eventually develops romantic feelings towards Wil . </Li> <Li> Vanessa Morgan as Lyria ( season 2 ) , a human who is connected to Eretria , and who is revealed to be the Princess of Leah . </Li> <Li> Gentry White as Garet Jax ( season 2 ) , a bounty hunter looking for Lyria for her mother the Queen of Leah . Later on he joins Wil 's group in saving the Four Lands . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> James Remar as Cephelo ( season 1 ) , the leader of the Rovers and adoptive father of Eretria . Upon first seeing Wil 's Elfstones , Cephelo becomes obsessed with them . Despite his self - serving nature , he later helps Amberle on her quest . </Li> <Li> Daniel MacPherson as Arion Elessedil ( season 1 ) , oldest living son of King Eventine and heir to the Elven throne . Arion is known to be hot - tempered and often disagrees with his father 's commands . </Li> <Li> Jed Brophy as the Dagda Mor ( season 1 ) , an ancient elvish druid who turned into a demon . His powers increase as the Ellcrys dies , and as such he uses lesser demons as henchmen and proxies . </Li> <Li> Brooke Williams as Catania , an elf who is Amberle 's handmaiden . She later becomes the love interest of Ander . </Li> <Li> Emelia Burns as Commander Diana Tilton ( season 1 ) , the captain of the black watch , the elite unit of the Elven military whose sworn duty is to protect the Ellcrys . She is romantically involved with Arion and was previously in love with Ander . </Li> <Li> Mark Mitchinson as Flick Ohmsford , Wil 's uncle and Shea 's brother . He is kidnapped by Bandon during the series ' second season . </Li> <Li> John Rhys - Davies as Eventine Elessedil ( season 1 ) , Amberle 's grandfather who has ruled the Elven Kingdom of Arborlon for decades . After the death of his oldest son ( Amberle 's father ) , Eventine began grooming his son Arion for the throne . However , in the wake of the demon threat , he decides that the hot - headed Arion is not yet ready to rule . </Li> <Li> Jared Turner ( season 1 ) and Glen Levy ( season 2 ) as Slanter , the Gnome resistance leader who murdered Amberle 's father 10 years previously . He reluctantly agrees to help Ander and Tilton find the source of the demons in exchange for his release from prison . Slanter shares his name with a character from The Wishsong of Shannara . </Li> <Li> James Trevena - Brown as Captain Crispin Edensong ( season 1 ) , captain of the Home Guard , the personal corps of Elven Hunters beholden to the king or queen of the elves . </Li> <Li> Andrew Grainger as Cogline ( season 2 ) , a former druid whose mission is to protect Eretria from any threat ; he trains her to defend herself against evil forces . </Li> <Li> Desmond Chiam as General Riga ( season 2 ) , the leader of the Crimson , who is dedicated to eradicating the use of magic across the Four Lands . </Li> <Li> Erroll Shand as Valcaa ( season 2 ) , Riga 's right hand man . </Li> <Li> Caroline Chikezie as Queen Tamlin ( season 2 ) , the formidable leader of the human Kingdom of Leah , and Lyria 's estranged mother . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Series overview ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> <Th> Network </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> January 5 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> March 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> MTV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> October 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> November 22 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> Spike </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2016 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section 's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th>

The Shannara Chronicles Season 2 is based on

What is the shannara chronicles season 2 based on?

1982612949029580872

National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum - wikipedia <H1> National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Baseball Hall of Fame '' redirects here . For other uses , see Baseball Hall of Fame ( disambiguation ) . <Table> National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Established </Th> <Td> 1936 ( dedicated June 12 , 1939 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Cooperstown , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Professional sports hall of fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Visitors </Th> <Td> 315,000 / year ( average as of 2009 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Jeff Idelson ( since 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> baseballhall.org </Td> </Tr> </Table> Cooperstown Location in the United States Cooperstown Location in New York <P> The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an American history museum and hall of fame , located in Cooperstown , New York , and operated by private interests . It serves as the central point for the study of the history of baseball in the United States and beyond , displays baseball - related artifacts and exhibits , and honors those who have excelled in playing , managing , and serving the sport . The Hall 's motto is `` Preserving History , Honoring Excellence , Connecting Generations . '' </P> <P> The word Cooperstown is often used as shorthand ( or a metonym ) for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum . </P> <P> The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark , the owner of a local hotel . Clark had sought to bring tourists to a city hurt by the Great Depression , which reduced the local tourist trade , and Prohibition , which devastated the local hops industry . A new building was constructed , and the Hall of Fame was dedicated on June 12 , 1939 . ( Clark 's granddaughter , Jane Forbes Clark , is the current chairman of the Board of Directors . ) </P> <P> The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall . </P> <P> An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994 . Dale Petroskey became the organization 's president in 1999 . </P> <P> In 2002 , the Hall launched Baseball As America , a traveling exhibit that toured ten American museums over six years . The Hall of Fame has since also sponsored educational programming on the Internet to bring the Hall of Fame to schoolchildren who might not visit . The Hall and Museum completed a series of renovations in spring 2005 . The Hall of Fame also presents an annual exhibit at FanFest at the Major League Baseball All - Star Game . </P> <P> Jeff Idelson replaced Petroskey as president on April 16 , 2008 . He had been acting as president since March 25 , 2008 , when Petroskey was forced to resign for having `` failed to exercise proper fiduciary responsibility '' and making `` judgments that were not in the best interest of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Inductees <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Selection process </Li> <Li> 1.2 Changes to Veterans Committee process </Li> <Li> 1.3 Players and managers with multiple teams </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 The museum <Ul> <Li> 2.1 First floor </Li> <Li> 2.2 Second floor </Li> <Li> 2.3 Third floor </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Unauthorized sale of items in collection </Li> <Li> 4 Non-induction of banned players </Li> <Li> 5 United States Mint Coin ( s ) commemorating the 75th Anniversary </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Inductees ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame <P> Among baseball fans , `` Hall of Fame '' means not only the museum and facility in Cooperstown , New York , but the pantheon of players , managers , umpires , executives , and pioneers who have been enshrined in the Hall . The first five men elected were Ty Cobb , Babe Ruth , Honus Wagner , Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson , chosen in 1936 ; roughly 20 more were selected before the entire group was inducted at the Hall 's 1939 opening . As of January 2018 , 323 people had been elected to the Hall of Fame , including 226 former Major League Baseball players , 35 Negro league baseball players and executives , 22 managers , 10 umpires , and 30 pioneers , executives , and organizers. 114 members of the Hall of Fame have been inducted posthumously , including four who died after their selection was announced . Of the 35 Negro league members , 29 were inducted posthumously , including all 24 selected since the 1990s . The Hall of Fame includes one female member , Effa Manley . </P> <P> The newest members elected on January 24 , 2018 , are players Chipper Jones , Jim Thome , Vladimir Guerrero , and Trevor Hoffman . They will be officially inducted on July 29 , 2018 , alongside players Jack Morris and Alan Trammell . </P> <H3> Selection process ( edit ) </H3> First Class of inductees L-R by votes : Ty Cobb , Babe Ruth , Honus Wagner , Christy Mathewson , Walter Johnson <P> Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers ' Association of America ( or BBWAA ) , or the Veterans Committee , which now consists of four subcommittees , each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball . Five years after retirement , any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee ( which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification ) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years ' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election ( the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election ) . From a final ballot typically including 25 -- 40 candidates , each writer may vote for up to 10 players ; until the late 1950s , voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates . Any player named on 75 % or more of all ballots cast is elected . A player who is named on fewer than 5 % of ballots is dropped from future elections . In some instances , the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots , but in the mid-1990s , dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration , even by the Veterans Committee . A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players ; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots , they may be considered by the Veterans Committee . Players receiving 5 % or more of the votes but fewer than 75 % are reconsidered annually until a maximum of ten years of eligibility ( lowered from fifteen years for the 2015 election ) . </P> <P> Under special circumstances , certain players may be deemed eligible for induction even though they have not met all requirements . Addie Joss was elected in 1978 , despite only playing nine seasons before he died of meningitis . Additionally , if an otherwise eligible player dies before his fifth year of retirement , then that player may be placed on the ballot at the first election at least six months after his death . Roberto Clemente 's induction in 1973 set the precedent when the writers chose to put him up for consideration after his death on New Year 's Eve , 1972 . </P> Lineup for Yesterday Z is for Zenith The summit of fame . These men are up there . These men are the game . <P> -- Ogden Nash , Sport magazine ( January 1949 ) </P> <P> The five - year waiting period was established in 1954 after an evolutionary process . In 1936 all players were eligible , including active ones . From the 1937 election until the 1945 election , there was no waiting period , so any retired player was eligible , but writers were discouraged from voting for current major leaguers . Since there was no formal rule preventing a writer from casting a ballot for an active player , the scribes did not always comply with the informal guideline ; Joe DiMaggio received a vote in 1945 , for example . From the 1946 election until the 1954 election , an official one - year waiting period was in effect . ( DiMaggio , for example , retired after the 1951 season and was first eligible in the 1953 election . ) The modern rule establishing a wait of five years was passed in 1954 , although an exception was made for Joe DiMaggio because of his high level of previous support , thus permitting him to be elected within four years of his retirement . </P> <P> Contrary to popular belief , no formal exception was made for Lou Gehrig ( other than to hold a special one - man election for him ) : there was no waiting period at that time , and Gehrig met all other qualifications , so he would have been eligible for the next regular election after he retired during the 1939 season . However , the BBWAA decided to hold a special election at the 1939 Winter Meetings in Cincinnati , specifically to elect Gehrig ( most likely because it was known that he was terminally ill , making it uncertain that he would live long enough to see another election ) . Nobody else was on that ballot , and the numerical results have never been made public . Since no elections were held in 1940 or 1941 , the special election permitted Gehrig to enter the Hall while still alive . </P> <P> If a player fails to be elected by the BBWAA within 10 years of his retirement from active play , he may be selected by the Veterans Committee . Following changes to the election process for that body made in 2010 and 2016 , it is now responsible for electing all otherwise eligible candidates who are not eligible for the BBWAA ballot -- both long - retired players and non-playing personnel ( managers , umpires , and executives ) . From 2011 through 2016 , each candidate could be considered once every three years ; now , the frequency depends on the era in which an individual made his greatest contributions . A more complete discussion of the new process is available below . </P> <P> From 2008 to 2010 , following changes made by the Hall in July 2007 , the main Veterans Committee , then made up of living Hall of Famers , voted only on players whose careers began in 1943 or later . These changes also established three separate committees to select other figures : </P> <Ul> <Li> One committee voted on managers and umpires for induction in every even - numbered year . This committee voted only twice -- in 2007 for induction in 2008 and in 2009 for induction in 2010 . </Li> <Li> One committee voted on executives and builders for induction in every even - numbered year . This committee conducted its only two votes in the same years as the managers / umpires committee . </Li> <Li> The pre -- World War II players committee was intended to vote every five years on players whose careers began in 1942 or earlier . It conducted its only vote as part of the election process for induction in 2009 . </Li> </Ul> <P> Players of the Negro Leagues have also been considered at various times ,

The Baseball Hall of Fame is voted on by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA),

Who votes in the baseball hall of fame?

-1553987779351150508

List of Grace and Frankie episodes - wikipedia <H1> List of Grace and Frankie episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Grace and Frankie is an American comedy series , which premiered on May 8 , 2015 , on Netflix . The series was created by Marta Kauffman and Howard J. Morris , and stars Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin as Grace and Frankie , two women whose lives are turned upside down when their husbands announce they are in love with each other and want to get married . The series also stars Sam Waterston , Martin Sheen , Brooklyn Decker , Ethan Embry , June Diane Raphael , and Baron Vaughn in supporting roles . </P> <P> On April 12 , 2017 , Netflix renewed the series for a fourth season . As of January 19 , 2018 , 52 episodes of Grace and Frankie have been released , concluding the fourth season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Season 1 ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Season 2 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Season 3 ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> 2.4 Season 4 ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally released </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> May 6 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2015 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The End '' </Td> <Td> Tate Taylor </Td> <Td> Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Grace Hanson and Frankie Bergstein are brought to dinner by their lawyer husbands , Robert and Sol , under the assumption that the men are going to announce they are retiring , but the women are shocked when their husbands reveal they are actually leaving them , for each other , and want to get married now that same - sex marriage is legal . The men also reveal that they have been having an affair with each other for more than 20 years . The news quickly spreads to their horrified children . Despite their stark personality differences , Grace and Frankie strike up a bond when they both seek escape at the beach house the couples share . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Credit Cards '' </Td> <Td> Scott Winant </Td> <Td> Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Grace and Frankie are adjusting to living with each other , but the discovery that Robert and Sol have cut off their credit cards leaves them fuming . Frankie contemplates moving back to her home , since Sol is living with Robert , but eventually decides to stay with Grace at the beach house so they can continue supporting one another . Grace and Robert 's daughter Mallory is caught between her parents when she picks up some things from Robert 's for Grace , and later she bumps into Frankie and Sol 's son , Coyote , with whom she has a troubled history . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Dinner '' </Td> <Td> Bryan Gordon </Td> <Td> Nancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe - House </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Robert and Sol host a dinner party for their children , but they object to having to keep it a secret from Grace and Frankie . Meanwhile , the women have decided to take their minds off the impending divorce by returning to work ; unfortunately , Grace and Robert 's daughter Brianna , who now operates Grace 's cosmetics company , refuses to let her return for fear of being overshadowed , and Frankie 's attempt to apply for an art teacher position is derailed due to a misunderstanding . Mallory has to come to terms with being in the same room as Coyote but they eventually decide to put their troubles behind them . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Funeral '' </Td> <Td> Tim Kirkby </Td> <Td> Alexa Junge </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When Robert and Sol 's law partner dies , both they and Grace and Frankie attend the funeral , which is the first function in which Robert and Sol have are to be an out and about couple together . Frankie is upset when Grace ditches her to spend time with Lydia , Robert 's sister , and later Grace fears that Frankie has overheard her say that she is ' stuck with her . ' Robert is surprised to find that he misses Grace almost as much as Sol misses Frankie . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` The Fall '' </Td> <Td> Betty Thomas </Td> <Td> Billy Finnegan </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Sometime after the funeral , Brianna visits with the intention of having Grace set up an online dating profile , but winds up getting high with Frankie . They convince Grace to take them to get frozen yogurt , where Grace takes a nasty fall and breaks her hip . A series of comical and concerning events follow at the hospital , culminating in Grace 's realization of how much Frankie means to her . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Earthquake '' </Td> <Td> Tristram Shapeero </Td> <Td> Jacquelyn Reingold </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> A minor earthquake sets off Frankie 's seismophobia , prompting Sol to drop everything to comfort her . Frankie questions how things with Sol started , and it is obvious there are still unresolved feelings between them . Grace goes on an online date but takes a face to one of Frankie 's troublesome students when the date goes disastrously wrong . Meanwhile , Coyote attempts to give Mallory a gift , but bumps into Mallory 's aggressive husband Mitch , who is far from thrilled to see him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` The Spelling Bee '' </Td> <Td> Tim Kirkby </Td> <Td> Julieanne Smolinski </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Frankie and Sol are both excited to watch the national spelling bee , but are disappointed to find that Grace and Robert are n't interested . Grace is saved from a disastrous date by Guy , an old friend of Robert 's who is looking to give up his life of adventure . Brianna gets a dog as an escape from her disastrous dating life , but finds herself with the hots for the dog 's foster owner . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` The Sex '' </Td> <Td> Dennie Gordon </Td> <Td> David Budin & Brendan McCarthy </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Grace is ready to take things to the next level with Guy , but finds herself uncomfortable with the idea of being intimate after years of ( not ) sleeping with Robert . However , Frankie is on hand with her homemade organic lube . Frankie realizes her friend Jacob is flirting with her . Sol and Robert clear out Brianna 's old room but Sol is terrified of Brianna . Bud and Coyote have a brotherly talk . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Invitation '' </Td> <Td> Matt Shakman </Td> <Td> Billy Finnegan </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Frankie is upset when Grace gets an invitation to Sol and Robert 's wedding and she does n't , but soon realizes that she needs to set boundaries with her ex-husband . Robert discovers Grace and Guy are dating and gatecrashes an afternoon golfing . Looking for a new angle for her business , Brianna discovers Frankie 's homemade lube and , after making all her colleagues experiment with it , realizes its potential . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The Elevator '' </Td> <Td> Miguel Arteta </Td> <Td> Laura Jacqmin </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Frankie , Grace , Sol , Robert and Bud become trapped in an elevator after signing their divorce papers , and remember a pivotal weekend spent at the beach house five years previously . Sol and Robert attempt to tell Grace and Frankie about their affair but are interrupted by the arrival of the kids , including a heavily pregnant Mallory and a Coyote in the height of his drug addiction . As events escalate , Mallory gives birth , Grace decides Brianna should take over her business , and Bud discovers his father 's relationship with Robert but decides to keep quiet . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Secrets '' </Td> <Td> Andrew McCarthy </Td> <Td> Nancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe - House </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Grace is thrown when coming face to face with the student of Frankie 's who she kissed during the earthquake , and confides in Frankie , but is upset when Frankie tells Sol , who tells Robert , and then Guy finds out . Sol is furious to discover that Robert slept with another man 10 years ago when they had stopped seeing each other . Brianna gets closer with her co-worker but their date is gatecrashed by Coyote and Bud . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` The Bachelor Party '' </Td> <Td> Julie Anne Robinson </Td> <Td> Jacquelyn Reingold </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Coyote and Bud enlist Brianna and Mallory 's help with arranging a bachelor party for Robert and Sol but there are differing opinions on what they would like . Things get worse when Robert 's conservative old boss arrives . Grace and Frankie hit the town for a `` yes night '' in an attempt to cheer Frankie up during her Sol purge . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` The Vows '' </Td> <Td> Dean Parisot </Td> <Td> Marta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris & Alexa Junge </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> It 's the week before Robert and Sol 's wedding , and Robert is struggling to write vows that match Sol 's natural emotive words . Frankie is forced to break her purge from Sol to help him clear out their old house , but old memories reemerge and they end up sleeping with each other . Grace is

Season 3 of Grace and Frankie is being released on

When is season 3 of grace and frankie being released?

-2103986527722712835

Acronym - Wikipedia <H1> Acronym </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the < acronym > HTML tag , see HTML element § acronym . For the use of acronyms on Wikipedia , see Wikipedia : Acronyms . <P> An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word , usually individual letters ( as in NATO or laser ) and sometimes syllables ( as in Benelux ) . </P> <P> There are no universal standards of the multiple names for such abbreviations and of their orthographic styling . In English and most other languages , such abbreviations historically had limited use , but they became much more common in the 20th century . Acronyms are a type of word formation process , and they are viewed as a subtype of blending . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Nomenclature </Li> <Li> 2 Comparing a few examples of each type </Li> <Li> 3 Historical and current use <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Early examples in English </Li> <Li> 3.2 Current use <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Aids to learning the expansion without leaving a document </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Jargon </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 As mnemonics </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Acronyms as legendary etymology </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Orthographic styling <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Punctuation <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Showing the ellipsis of letters <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1.1 Ellipsis - is - understood style </Li> <Li> 4.1. 1.2 Pronunciation - dependent style and periods </Li> <Li> 4.1. 1.3 Other conventions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Representing plurals and possessives </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Case <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 All - caps style <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1.1 Small - caps variant </Li> <Li> 4.2. 1.2 Mixed - case variant </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Pronunciation - dependent style and case </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 Numerals and constituent words </Li> <Li> 4.4 Casing of expansions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Changes to ( or word play on ) the expanded meaning <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Pseudo-acronyms </Li> <Li> 5.2 Redundant acronyms and RAS syndrome </Li> <Li> 5.3 Simple redefining </Li> <Li> 5.4 Backronyms </Li> <Li> 5.5 Contrived acronyms </Li> <Li> 5.6 Macronyms / nested acronyms <Ul> <Li> 5.6. 1 Recursive acronyms </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Non-English languages <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Specific languages <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Chinese </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Korean </Li> <Li> 6.1. 3 Japanese </Li> <Li> 6.1. 4 German </Li> <Li> 6.1. 5 Hebrew </Li> <Li> 6.1. 6 Indonesian </Li> <Li> 6.1. 7 Russian </Li> <Li> 6.1. 8 Swahili </Li> <Li> 6.1. 9 Vietnamese </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 General grammatical considerations <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 Declension </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Lenition </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Extremes </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Nomenclature ( edit ) </H2> <P> Whereas an abbreviation may be any type of shortened form , such as words with the middle omitted ( for example , Rd for road or Dr for Doctor ) , an acronym is a word formed from the first letter or first few letters of each word in a phrase ( such as sonar , created from so und na vigation and ranging ) . Attestations for Akronym in German are known from 1921 , and for acronym in English from 1940 . </P> <P> Although the word acronym is often used to refer to any abbreviation formed from initial letters , some dictionaries and usage commentators define acronym to mean an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word , in contrast to an initialism ( or alphabetism ) ‍ -- ‌an abbreviation formed from a string of initials ( and possibly pronounced as individual letters ) . Some dictionaries include additional senses equating acronym with initialism . The distinction , when made , hinges on whether the abbreviation is pronounced as a word or as a string of individual letters . Examples in reference works that make the distinction include NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ / , scuba / ˈskuːbə / , and radar / ˈreɪdɑːr / for acronyms ; and FBI / ˌɛfˌbiːˈaɪ / , CRT / ˌsiːˌɑːrˈtiː / , and HTML / ˌeɪtʃˌtiːˌɛmˈɛl / for initialisms . The rest of this article uses acronym for both types of abbreviation . </P> <P> The distinction is not well - maintained . According to Merriam - Webster 's Dictionary of English Usage : `` A number of commentators ... believe that acronyms can be differentiated from other abbreviations in being pronounceable as words . Dictionaries , however , do not make this distinction because writers in general do not ... Initialism , an older word than acronym , seems to be too little known to the general public to serve as the customary term standing in contrast with acronym in a narrow sense . '' About the use of acronym to only mean those pronounced as words , Fowler 's Modern English Usage ( 3rd ed . ) states : `` The limitations of the term being not widely known to the general public , acronym is also often applied to abbreviations that are familiar but are not pronounceable as words ... Such terms are also called initialisms . '' </P> <P> A clearer distinction has also been drawn , by Pyles & Algeo ( 1970 ) , who divided acronyms as a general category into word acronyms pronounced as words , and initialisms sounded out as letters . </P> <P> There is no special term for abbreviations whose pronunciation involves the combination of letter names and words or word - like pronunciations of strings of letters , such as JPEG / ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ / and MS - DOS / ˌɛmɛsˈdɒs / . There is also some disagreement as to what to call abbreviations that some speakers pronounce as letters and others pronounce as a word . For example , the terms URL and IRA can be pronounced as individual letters : / ˌjuːˌɑːrˈɛl / and / ˌaɪˌɑːrˈeɪ / , respectively ; or as a single word : / ɜːr l / and / ˈaɪrə / , respectively . </P> <P> The spelled - out form of an acronym or initialism ( that is , what it stands for ) is called its expansion . </P> <H2> Comparing a few examples of each type ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Pronounced as a word , containing only initial letters <Ul> <Li> NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization </Li> <Li> Scuba : self - contained underwater breathing apparatus </Li> <Li> Laser : light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation </Li> <Li> GIF : Graphics Interchange Format </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced as a word , containing a mixture of initial and non-initial letters <Ul> <Li> Amphetamine : alpha - methylphenethylamine </Li> <Li> Gestapo : Geheime Staatspolizei ( ' secret state police ' ) </Li> <Li> Radar : radio detection and ranging </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced as a string of letters , containing syllable - initial but not necessarily word - initial letters <Ul> <Li> PMN : polymorphonuclear leukocytes </Li> <Li> OCA : oculocutaneous albinism </Li> <Li> PCM : paracoccidioidomycosis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced as a word or as a string of letters , depending on speaker or context <Ul> <Li> FAQ : ( ( fæk ) or ef - a-cue ) frequently asked questions </Li> <Li> IRA : When used for Individual Retirement Account , can be pronounced as letters ( i - ar - a ) or as a word ( ˈaɪrə ) . </Li> <Li> SQL : ( ( siːkwəl ) or ess - cue - el ) Structured Query Language . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced as a combination of spelling out and a word <Ul> <Li> CD - ROM : ( cee - dee - ( rɒm ) ) Compact Disc read - only memory </Li> <Li> IUPAC : ( i-u - ( pæk ) or i-u - pee - a-cee ) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry </Li> <Li> JPEG : ( jay - ( pɛɡ ) or jay - pee - e-gee ) Joint Photographic Experts Group </Li> <Li> SFMOMA : ( ess - ef - ( moʊmə ) or ess - ef - em - o - em - a ) San Francisco Museum of Modern Art </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced only as a string of letters <Ul> <Li> BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation </Li> <Li> OEM : original equipment manufacturer </Li> <Li> USA : United States of America </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced as a string of letters , but with a shortcut <Ul> <Li> AAA : <Ul> <Li> ( triple - A ) American Automobile Association ; abdominal aortic aneurysm ; anti-aircraft artillery ; Asistencia , Asesoría y Administración </Li> <Li> ( three - As ) Amateur Athletic Association </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> IEEE : ( I triple - E ) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers </Li> <Li> NAACP : ( N double - A CP or NAACP ) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People </Li> <Li> NCAA : ( NC double - A or NC two - A or NCAA ) National Collegiate Athletic Association </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Shortcut incorporated into name <Ul> <Li> 3M : ( three M ) originally Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company </Li> <Li> ( ISC ) 2 : ( ISC squared ) International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium </Li> <Li> W3C : ( W - three C ) World Wide Web Consortium </Li> <Li> C4ISTAR : ( C - four Istar ) Command , Control , Communications , Computers , Intelligence , Surveillance , Target Acquisition , and Reconnaissance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Multi-layered acronyms <Ul> <Li> NAC Breda : ( Dutch football club ) NOAD ADVENDO Combinatie ( `` NOAD ADVENDO Combination '' ) , formed by the 1912 merger of two clubs from Breda : <Ul> <Li> NOAD ( Nooit Opgeven Altijd Doorgaan `` Never give up , always persevere '' ) </Li> <Li> ADVENDO ( Aangenaam Door Vermaak En Nuttig Door Ontspanning `` Pleasant by entertainment and useful by relaxation '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> GAIM ( former name of Pidgin ) : GTK+ AOL Instant Messenger </Li> <Li> GIMP : GNU Image Manipulation Program </Li> <Li> VHDL : VHSIC hardware description language , where VHSIC stands for very - high - speed integrated circuit . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Recursive acronyms , in which the abbreviation refers to itself <Ul> <Li> GNU : GNU 's not Unix ! </Li> <Li> Wine : Wine is not an emulator ( originally , Windows emulator ) </Li> <Li> These may go through multiple layers before the self - reference is found : <Ul> <Li> HURD : HIRD of Unix - replacing daemons , where `` HIRD '' stands for `` HURD of interfaces representing depth '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pseudo-acronyms , which consist of a sequence of characters that , when pronounced as intended , invoke other , longer words with less typing . This makes them gramograms . <Ul> <Li> BBQ : bee - bee - cue , for `` barbecue '' . </Li> <Li> CQ : cee - cue for `` seek you '' , a code used by radio operators </Li> <Li> IOU : i-o-u for `` I owe you '' ( the true acronym would be IOY ) </Li> <Li> K9 : kay - nine for `` canine '' , used to designate police units utilizing dogs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Abbreviations whose last abbreviated word is often redundantly included anyway <Ul> <Li> ATM machine : automated teller machine ( machine ) </Li> <Li> HIV virus : human immunodeficiency virus ( virus ) </Li> <Li> LCD display : liquid crystal display ( display ) </Li> <Li> PIN number : personal identification number ( number ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pronounced as a word , containing letters as a word in itself <Ul> <Li> PAYGO : pay - as - you - go </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Historical and current use ( edit ) </H2>

Initials that stand for something are called an

What do you call initials that stand for something?

3019927337208082386

History of the palace of Versailles - wikipedia <H1> History of the palace of Versailles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The main construction of Versailles took place in four campaigns between 1664 and 1710 Palace of Versailles , the building 's evolution <P> The Palace of Versailles is a royal château in Versailles , in the Île - de-France region of France . When the château was built , Versailles was a country village ; today , however , it is a suburb of Paris , some 20 kilometres southwest of the French capital . The court of Versailles was the centre of political power in France from 1682 , when Louis XIV moved from Paris , until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789 after the beginning of the French Revolution . Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building , but as well as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins </Li> <Li> 2 Ancien Régime <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Louis XIII </Li> <Li> 2.2 Louis XIV <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 First building campaign </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Second building campaign </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Third building campaign </Li> <Li> 2.2. 4 Fourth building campaign </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Louis XV </Li> <Li> 2.4 Louis XVI </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 French Revolution </Li> <Li> 4 First Empire </Li> <Li> 5 Bourbon Restoration </Li> <Li> 6 July Monarchy </Li> <Li> 7 Second Empire </Li> <Li> 8 Versailles under Pierre de Nolhac </Li> <Li> 9 The Van der Kemp period </Li> <Li> 10 Contemporary Versailles </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> <P> The earliest mention of the name of Versailles is found in a document which predates 1038 , the Charte de l'abbaye Saint - Père de Chartres ( Charter of the Saint - Père de Chartres Abbey ) , in which one of the signatories was a certain Hugo de Versailliis ( Hugues de Versailles ) , who was seigneur of Versailles . </P> <P> During this period , the village of Versailles centred on a small castle and church , and the area was governed by a local lord . Its location on the road from Paris to Dreux and Normandy brought some prosperity to the village but , following an outbreak of the Plague and the Hundred Years ' War , the village was largely destroyed , and its population sharply declined . In 1575 , Albert de Gondi , a naturalized Florentine who gained prominence at the court of Henry II , purchased the seigneury of Versailles . </P> <H2> Ancien Régime ( edit ) </H2> The château , c. 1630 -- 1640 , as shown on the map of Jacques Gomboust ( fr ) <H3> Louis XIII ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the early seventeenth century , Gondi invited Louis XIII on several hunting trips in the forests surrounding Versailles . Pleased with the location , Louis ordered the construction of a hunting lodge in 1624 . Designed by Philibert Le Roy , the structure , a small château , was constructed of stone and red brick , with a based roof . Eight years later , Louis obtained the seigneury of Versailles from the Gondi family and began to make enlargements to the château . </P> <P> A vignette of Versailles from the 1652 Paris map of Jacques Gomboust ( fr ) shows a traditional design : an entrance court with a corps de logis on the far western end , flanked by secondary wings on the north and south sides , and closed off by an entrance screen . Adjacent exterior towers were located at the four corners , with the entire structure surrounded by a moat . This was preceded by two service wings , creating a forecourt with a grilled entrance marked by two round towers . The vignette also shows a garden on the western side of the château with a fountain on the central axis and rectangular planted parterres to either side . </P> <P> Louis XIV had played and hunted at the site as a boy . With a few modifications , this structure would become the core of the new palace . </P> <H3> Louis XIV ( edit ) </H3> Statue of Louis XIV in Versailles <P> Louis XIII 's successor , Louis XIV , had a great interest in Versailles . He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles , and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world . Beginning in 1661 , the architect Louis Le Vau , landscape architect André Le Nôtre , and painter - decorator Charles Lebrun began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château . This was done to fulfill Louis XIV 's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court . Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678 , he began to gradually move the court to Versailles . The court was officially established there on 6 May 1682 . </P> <P> By moving his court and government to Versailles , Louis XIV hoped to extract more control of the government from the nobility and to distance himself from the population of Paris . All the power of France emanated from this centre : there were government offices here , as well as the homes of thousands of courtiers , their retinues , and all the attendant functionaries of court . By requiring that nobles of a certain rank and position spend time each year at Versailles , Louis prevented them from developing their own regional power at the expense of his own and kept them from countering his efforts to centralise the French government in an absolute monarchy . The meticulous and strict court etiquette that Louis established , which overwhelmed his heirs with its petty boredom , was epitomised in the elaborate ceremonies and exacting procedures that accompanied his rising in the morning , known as the Lever , divided into a petit lever for the most important and a grand lever for the whole court . Like other French court manners , étiquette was quickly imitated in other European courts . </P> <P> The expansion of the château became synonymous with the absolutism of Louis XIV . In 1661 , following the death of Cardinal Mazarin , chief minister of the government , Louis had declared that he would be his own chief minister . The idea of establishing the court at Versailles was conceived to ensure that all of his advisors and provincial rulers would be kept close to him . He feared that they would rise up against him and start a revolt and believed that if he kept all of his potential threats near him , they would be powerless . After the disgrace of Nicolas Fouquet in 1661 -- Louis claimed the finance minister would not have been able to build his grand château at Vaux - le - Vicomte without having embezzled from the crown -- Louis , after the confiscation of Fouquet 's estate , employed the talents of Le Vau , Le Nôtre , and Le Brun , who all had worked on Vaux - le - Vicomte , for his building campaigns at Versailles and elsewhere . For Versailles , there were four distinct building campaigns ( after minor alterations and enlargements had been executed on the château and the gardens in 1662 -- 1663 ) , all of which corresponded to Louis XIV 's wars . </P> First building campaign ( edit ) The château circa 1668 , as painted by Pierre Patel ( Versailles Museum ) <P> The first building campaign ( 1664 -- 1668 ) commenced with the Plaisirs de l'Île enchantée of 1664 , a fête that was held between 7 and 13 May 1664 . The fête was ostensibly given to celebrate the two queens of France -- Anne of Austria , the Queen Mother , and Marie - Thérèse , Louis XIV 's wife -- but in reality honored the king 's mistress , Louise de La Vallière . The celebration of the Plaisirs de l'Île enchantée is often regarded as a prelude to the War of Devolution , which Louis waged against Spain . The first building campaign ( 1664 -- 1668 ) involved alterations in the château and gardens to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the party . </P> Second building campaign ( edit ) Plan of the main floor ( c. 1676 ) , showing Le Vau 's enveloppe with the grand appartement du roi in blue and the grand appartement de la reine in yellow . The old château is shown in gray . The terrace overlooked the central parterre of the gardens of Versailles . <P> The second building campaign ( 1669 -- 1672 ) was inaugurated with the signing of the Treaty of Aix - la - Chapelle , which ended the War of Devolution . During this campaign , the château began to assume some of the appearance that it has today . The most important modification of the château was Le Vau 's envelope of Louis XIII 's hunting lodge . The enveloppe -- often referred to as the château neuf to distinguish it from the older structure of Louis XIII -- enclosed the hunting lodge on the north , west , and south . The new structure provided new lodgings for the king and members of his family . The main floor -- the piano nobile -- of the château neuf was given over entirely to two apartments : one for the king , and one for the queen . The grand appartement du roi occupied the northern part of the château neuf and grand appartement de la reine occupied the southern part . </P> View of the garden front , 1674 , after the second building capmpaign , engraving by Israël Silvestre Garden façade of the Palace of Versailles , ca . 1675 , with the terrace that later became the Hall of Mirrors <P> The western part of the enveloppe was given over almost entirely to a terrace , which was later enclosed with the construction of the Hall of Mirrors ( Galerie des Glaces ) . The ground floor of the northern part of the château neuf was occupied by the appartement des bains , which included a sunken octagonal tub with hot and cold running water . The king 's brother and sister - in - law , the duke and duchesse d'Orléans occupied apartments on the ground floor of the southern part of the château neuf . The upper story of the château neuf was reserved for private rooms for the king to the north and rooms for the king 's children above the queen 's apartment to the south . </P> <P> Significant to the design and construction of the grands appartements is that the rooms of both apartments are of the same configuration and dimensions -- a hitherto unprecedented feature in French palace design . It has been suggested that this parallel configuration was intentional as Louis XIV had intended to establish Marie - Thérèse d'Autriche as queen of Spain , and thus thereby establish a dual monarchy . Louis XIV 's rationale for the joining of the two kingdoms was seen largely as recompense for Philip IV 's failure to pay his daughter Marie - Thérèse 's dowry , which was among the terms of capitulation to which Spain agreed with the promulgation of the Treaty of the Pyrenees , which ended the war between France and Spain that began in 1635 during the Thirty Years ' War . Louis XIV regarded his father - in - law 's act as a breach of the treaty and consequently engaged in the War of Devolution . </P> <P> Both the grand appartement du roi and the grand appartement de la reine formed a suite of seven enfilade rooms . Each room is dedicated to

The Palace of Versailles was expanded to its present size by

Who expanded the palace of versailles to its present size?

-4628267852301989966

- time coach following the 25 -- 9 ( 11 -- 5 ) 1997 -- 98 season in which he led the team to victories over Iowa , Minnesota and Purdue to capture the Big Ten Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament championship . His subsequent teams never finished better than seventh in the conference . </P> <H3> Amaker era ( 2001 -- 07 ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tommy Amaker inherited a team that imposed sanctions on itself after his first year at the helm of the program . Nonetheless , he coached the team to the postseason three times including both an NIT championship in 2004 and a runner - up finish in 2006 . During the 2005 -- 06 , when the team compiled a 22 -- 11 overall ( 8 -- 8 , Big Ten ) record , he led them to their first national ranking in eight years when they reached the # 20 position . Despite his successes , the team never won a Big Ten Championship and never made the NCAA tournament , which led to his firing after six seasons . </P> <H3> Beilein era ( 2007 -- present ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> John Beilein 's 10 -- 22 overall ( 5 -- 13 Big Ten ) inaugural season featured the most losses in Michigan 's history . However , in Beilein 's second season , the team posted impressive non-conference victories over top - five ranked opponents UCLA and Duke . Beilein led Michigan to the 2009 NCAA Tournament , its first appearance since 1998 and the first that was not vacated since 1995 . After upsetting Clemson in the first round , the Wolverines were eliminated by Oklahoma in Round 2 by a final score of 73 -- 63 . </P> <P> Following a disappointing 15 -- 17 season in 2009 -- 10 , the Wolverines bounced back to return to the NCAA Tournament in 2011 , advancing to the round of 32 before losing to top - seeded Duke , 73 -- 71 . The 2010 -- 11 Wolverines , who swept rival Michigan State for the first time since 1997 , finished the season 21 -- 14 . In the 2011 -- 12 season , Michigan split the season series with both Ohio State and Michigan State and went on to be co-Big Ten champs along with the Buckeyes and Spartans . It was the program 's first Big Ten title for Michigan since 1986 . The Wolverines finished the season 24 - 10 and 13 - 5 in conference play , losing in the opening round of the NCAA Tournament . </P> <P> The 2012 -- 13 Michigan team earned a # 1 ranking in the AP Poll on January 28 , 2013 , marking the first time since November 30 , 1992 , that Michigan held that position . The team also made program history for the best season start , at 21 -- 2 . On March 31 , The Wolverines defeated Florida by a score of 79 -- 59 to make their first Final Four appearance since the 1992 -- 93 season . The Wolverines then defeated Syracuse by a score of 61 -- 56 in the Final Four . In the 2013 National Championship game , the Wolverines lost against Louisville by the score of 82 -- 76 . </P> <P> The 2013 -- 14 team had another strong season , winning Michigan 's first outright Big Ten championship since 1986 and advancing to the Elite Eight of the NCAA tournament , where it lost to Kentucky , 75 -- 72 . </P> <P> During the 2016 -- 17 season , Beilein became the winningest coach in school history , passing Johnny Orr with his 210th win , 75 -- 55 over Illinois on March 9 in the opening round of the 2017 Big Ten Tournament . Michigan went on to win the tournament , its first since the vacated 1998 title , winning four games in four days as the # 8 seed and capping it off with a 71 -- 56 championship victory over Wisconsin . </P> <P> During the 2017 -- 18 season , Beilein 's Wolverines again won four games in four days to win back - to - back Big Ten Tournament championships for the first time in school history . The team went on to win the West regional title and advance to the Final Four following its win over Florida State , 58 - 54 . The win improved the team 's record to 32 - 7 , marking a new school record for victories . The 2017 -- 18 Michigan Wolverines men 's basketball team moved on to the NCAA tournament championship , where they lost against Villanova to a score of 79 - 62 . </P> <H2> Coaching Staff ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of March 3 , 2018 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Position coached </Th> <Th> Consecutive season at Michigan in current position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> Head coach </Td> <Td> 11th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saddi Washington </Td> <Td> Assistant Coach </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> DeAndre Haynes </Td> <Td> Assistant Coach </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luke Yaklich </Td> <Td> Assistant Coach </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris Hunter </Td> <Td> Director of Basketball Operations </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jon Sanderson </Td> <Td> Head Strength and Conditioning Coach </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alex Wong , Mississippi , AT , ATC </Td> <Td> Athletic Trainer </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bryan Smothers </Td> <Td> Graduate Assistant </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Devon Mulry </Td> <Td> Graduate Manager </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Reference : </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Championships ( edit ) </H2> <H3> NCAA National Championships ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Site </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Big Ten Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Steve Fisher </Td> <Td> Seton Hall </Td> <Td> 80 -- 79 ( OT ) </Td> <Td> Seattle </Td> <Td> 30 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> National Championships </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Big Ten Regular Season Championships ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Conference Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1921 § </Td> <Td> E.J. Mather </Td> <Td> 18 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 § </Td> <Td> E.J. Mather </Td> <Td> 12 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 8 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 </Td> <Td> E.J. Mather </Td> <Td> 14 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 § </Td> <Td> George Veenker </Td> <Td> 13 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Ozzie Cowles </Td> <Td> 16 -- 6 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1964 § </Td> <Td> Dave Strack </Td> <Td> 23 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> Dave Strack </Td> <Td> 24 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> Dave Strack </Td> <Td> 18 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 11 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1974 § </Td> <Td> Johnny Orr </Td> <Td> 22 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Johnny Orr </Td> <Td> 26 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 16 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Bill Frieder </Td> <Td> 26 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 16 -- 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Bill Frieder </Td> <Td> 28 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 14 -- 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 § </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> 28 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 15 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Big Ten Regular Season Championships </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 14 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> § -- Conference co-champions </P> <H3> Big Ten Tournament Championships ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Coach </Th> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Site </Th> <Th> Overall Record </Th> <Th> Big Ten Record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 71 -- 56 </Td> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> 26 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> John Beilein </Td> <Td> Purdue </Td> <Td> 75 -- 66 </Td> <Td> New York City </Td> <Td> 33 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Big Ten Tournament Championships </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> * Later vacated by NCAA </P> <H2> Rivalries ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Duke -- Michigan basketball rivalry </Li> <Li> Michigan -- Michigan State basketball rivalry </Li> <Li> Michigan -- Ohio State basketball rivalry </Li> </Ul> <H3> Record against Big Ten opponents ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Opponent </Th> <Th> Series record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> 84 * -- 87 ( 80 -- 87 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> 61 * -- 106 ( 58 -- 106 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iowa </Td> <Td> 94 * -- 63 ( 90 -- 63 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maryland </Td> <Td> 6 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michigan State </Td> <Td> 100 * -- 81 ( 93 -- 81 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 93 * -- 66 ( 87 -- 66 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> 15 * -- 3 ( 14 -- 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northwestern </Td> <Td> 112 * -- 59 ( 106 -- 59 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 78 * -- 102 ( 72 -- 102 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Penn State </Td> <Td> 35 * -- 12 ( 29 -- 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Purdue </Td> <Td> 71 * -- 88 ( 66 -- 88 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rutgers </Td> <Td> 10 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 94 * -- 71 ( 87 -- 71 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total </Td> <Td> 853 * -- 745 ( 798 -- 745 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Totals through March 4 , 2018 </P> <H2> Fab Five ( edit ) </H2> The Fab Five during their sophomore year , Crisler Arena , Ann Arbor , Michigan . From left to right , Jimmy King , Jalen Rose , Chris Webber , Ray Jackson , Juwan Howard . <P> The Fab Five , the 1991 recruiting class of five freshman starters , were Chris Webber , Juwan Howard , Jalen Rose , Jimmy King , and Ray Jackson . They were notable for having gone to the championship game of the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament as freshmen and sophomores , for having started the trend of wearing baggy gym shorts , which was later popularized by Michael Jordan , and for wearing black athletic socks . Due to the Ed Martin scandal , the records from their 1992 Final Four appearance and the entire following season have been forfeited . Although Webber was the only member of the Fab Five officially implicated with the scandal , the reputation of the whole group has been tarnished . Webber ( 1993 ) , Howard ( 1994 ) and Rose ( 1992 , 1994 ) were college basketball All - Americans . and both King ( 1995 3rd team and 1993 & 1994 honorable mention ) and Jackson ( 1995 2nd team & 1994 honorable mention ) achieved All - Big Ten honors . All but Jackson played in the NBA . They were the subject of Mitch Albom 's book entitled Fab Five : Basketball , Trash Talk , the American Dream , which at one point was under development by Fox Television

Michigan last won a national championship in

When did michigan last win a national championship?

2075983400652387259

Netherlands in World war II - wikipedia <H1> Netherlands in World war II </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The city of Rotterdam after the German bombing during the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940 . <P> The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London . </P> <P> Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service . </P> <P> Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well - organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict , a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , uniquely within all German occupied areas , the city of Amsterdam organized an industrial action to protest the persecution of its Jewish citizens . </P> <P> Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Interbellum <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Neutrality </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 German invasion <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Bombing of Rotterdam </Li> <Li> 2.2 Dutch surrender </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 German occupation <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Life in the occupied Netherlands <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Luftwaffe </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Forced labour and resistance </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 Atlantic Wall </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Holocaust </Li> <Li> 3.3 Collaboration </Li> <Li> 3.4 Dutch resistance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Dutch Army in Exile </Li> <Li> 5 Dutch East Indies and the war in the Far East </Li> <Li> 6 The final year <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Hunger Winter </Li> <Li> 6.2 Liberation </Li> <Li> 6.3 Casualties </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 After the war </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Interbellum ( edit ) </H2> A bunker of the Peel - Raam Line , built in 1939 . <P> Dutch governments between 1929 and 1943 were dominated by Christian and center - right political parties . From 1933 , the Netherlands were hit by the Great Depression , which had begun in 1929 . The incumbent government of Hendrikus Colijn pursued a programme of extensive cuts to maintain the value of the Guilder , resulting in workers ' riots in Amsterdam and a naval mutiny between 1933 and 1934 . Eventually , in 1936 , the government was forced to abandon the gold standard and devalue the currency . </P> <P> Numerous fascist movements emerged in the Netherlands during the Great Depression era , inspired by Italian Fascism or German Nazism . Nevertheless , they never attracted enough members to be an effective mass - movement , though the pro-Nazi movement , supported by the Nazi Party which took power in Germany in 1933 , attempted to in 1935 . Nazi - style racial ideology had limited appeal in the Netherlands , as did its calls to violence . </P> <P> The interwar period also saw a significant increase in civil infrastructure projects and land reclamation , including the Zuiderzee Works , which led to the final draining of seawater from the Wieringermeerpolder , and the completion of the Afsluitdijk dike . </P> <H3> Neutrality ( edit ) </H3> `` The new Reich has endeavored to continue the traditional friendship with Holland ( sic ) . It has not taken over any existing differences between the two countries and has not created any new ones . '' German guarantee of neutrality , 6 October 1939 <P> During World War I , the Dutch government under Pieter Cort van der Linden had managed to preserve the Dutch neutrality throughout the conflict . In the inter-war period , the Netherlands had continued to pursue its `` Independence Policy '' , even after the rise to power of the Nazi Party in Germany in 1933 . The conservative prime minister Colijn , who held power from 1933 until 1939 , believed the Netherlands would never be able to withstand an attack by a major power , and military spending accordingly remained a low priority . Even though military spending was doubled between 1938 and 1939 , amid the rising international tensions , it still constituted only 4 % of national spending in 1939 , in contrast to nearly 25 % in Nazi - ruled Germany . The Dutch government believed it would be able to rely on its neutrality , or at least the informal support of foreign powers , to defend its interests in case of war . The government did , however , begin to work on plans for the defence of the country . This included the `` New Dutch Waterline '' , an area to the east of Amsterdam which would be flooded , and , from 1939 , fortified positions , including the Grebbe and Peel - Raam Lines , protecting the key cities of Dordrecht , Utrecht , Haarlem and Amsterdam and creating a Vesting Holland ( or `` Fortress Holland '' ) . </P> <P> In late 1939 , with war already declared between the British Empire , France and Nazi Germany , the German government issued a guarantee of neutrality to the Netherlands . Nevertheless , the Dutch military was gradually mobilized from August 1939 , reaching its full strength by April 1940 . </P> <H2> German invasion ( edit ) </H2> Dutch soldiers guard the border with Germany shortly after mobilization , 1939 . Main article : Battle of the Netherlands <P> Despite its policy of neutrality , the Netherlands was invaded on the morning of 10 May 1940 , without a formal declaration of war , by German forces moving simultaneously into Belgium and Luxembourg . The attackers meant to draw Allied forces away from the Ardennes and to lure British and French forces deeper into Belgium but also to pre-empt a possible British invasion in North Holland . The Luftwaffe also needed the Dutch airfields on the Dutch coast to launch air raids against the United Kingdom . </P> <P> The Dutch military , with insufficient and outdated weapons and equipment , was caught largely unprepared . Much of its weaponry had not changed since the First World War . In particular , the army did not have comparable armoured forces , with only a limited number of armoured cars and tankettes . The air force had only 140 aircraft , mostly outdated biplanes . Sixty - five of the Dutch aircraft were destroyed on the first day of the campaign . </P> <P> The invading forces advanced rapidly but faced significant resistance . A Wehrmacht parachute assault on the first day , aimed at capturing the Dutch government in The Hague and the key airfields at Ockenburg and Ypenburg , was defeated by Dutch ground forces with heavy casualties . The Dutch actually succeeded in destroying significant numbers of transport aircraft that the Germans would need for their planned invasion of Britain . Nevertheless , the German forces succeeded in crossing the Maas river in the Netherlands on the first day , which allowed the Wehrmacht to outflank the nearby Belgian Fort Eben - Emael and force the Belgian army to withdraw from the German border . </P> <P> In the eastern Netherlands , the Germans succeeded in pushing the Dutch back from the Grebbe Line , but their advance was slowed by the Dutch fortifications on the narrow Afsluitdijk Causeway linking the north - eastern and north - western parts of the Netherlands . Nevertheless , the German forces advanced rapidly , and by the fourth day were in control of most of the east of the country , though not the major cities in the west . </P> <P> For the Dutch , it became increasingly clear that British and French troops would not be able to reach the Netherlands in sufficient numbers to halt the invasion , particularly given the speed of the German advance into Belgium . </P> <H3> Bombing of Rotterdam ( edit ) </H3> See also : Battle of Rotterdam and Rotterdam Blitz <P> Fighting in Rotterdam had taken place since the first day of the campaign , when German infantrymen in seaplanes landed on the Maas river and captured several bridges intact . Nevertheless , the Germans were uneasy about risking a tank attack on the city and feared heavy casualties . Instead , the German commander presented an ultimatum to the Dutch commander in the city . He demanded the surrender of the Dutch garrison and threatened to destroy the city by aerial bombing if they did not accept . The ultimatum was returned on a technicality , since it had not been signed by the German commander . While the corrected ultimatum was being resubmitted , Luftwaffe bombers ( unaware that negotiations were ongoing ) struck the city . During the so - called `` Rotterdam Blitz '' , between 800 and 900 Dutch civilians were killed , and 25,000 homes were destroyed . The bombers ' target was the civilian areas of Rotterdam , rather than the town 's defenses . Under pressure from local officials , the garrison commander then surrendered the city and his 10,000 men on the evening of the 14th , with the permission of Henri Winkelman , the Dutch commander - in - chief , opening up the German advance into `` Fortress Holland '' . </P> <H3> Dutch surrender ( edit ) </H3> Henri Winkelman ( centre ) , just after signing the Dutch capitulation , 15 May 1940 . <P> The Dutch high command was shocked by the Rotterdam Blitz . Knowing the army was running low on supplies and ammunition , and after receiving news that the city of Utrecht had been given an ultimatum similar to that of Rotterdam , Winkelman held a meeting with other Dutch generals . It was decided that further resistance was futile . In the afternoon of 14 May , Winkelman issued a proclamation to his army , ordering them to surrender : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> This afternoon Germany bombarded Rotterdam , while Utrecht has also been threatened with destruction . In order to spare the civil population and to prevent further bloodshed I feel myself justified in ordering all troops concerned to suspend operations ... By great superiority of the most modern means ( the enemy ) has succeeded in breaking our resistance . We have nothing wherewith to reproach ourselves in connection with this war . Your bearing and that of the forces was calm , firm of purpose and worthy of the Netherlands . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Proclamation of General Winkelman , 14 May 1940 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> On 15 May , the Netherlands officially signed the surrender with Germany , although Dutch forces in the

Holland became involved in World War 2 on

When did holland become involved in world war 2?

-1130431242414262297

</Td> <Td> Resembles an upside - down V. Also said to equal 500 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Ϛ </Td> <Td> Either from a ligature of VI , or the Greek numeral 6 : stigma ( Ϛ ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> S , Z </Td> <Td> Presumed abbreviation of septem , Latin for 7 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> O </Td> <Td> Presumed abbreviation of onze , French for 11 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Presumed abbreviation of English forty . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Also could stand for 7 , with the same derivation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Presumed abbreviation of nonaginta , Latin for 90 . ( N.B. N is also used for `` nothing '' ( nullus ) ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 150 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> Possibly derived from the lowercase y 's shape . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 151 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Unusual , origin unknown ; also said to stand for 250 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 160 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Possibly derived from Greek tetra , as 4 × 40 = 160 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 200 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Could also stand for 2 ( see also 𐆙 , the symbol for the dupondius ) . From a barring of two I 's . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 250 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 300 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 400 </Td> <Td> P , G </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> Q </Td> <Td> Redundant with D , abbreviates quingenti , Latin for 500 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Z </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Chronograms , messages with dates encoded into them , were popular during the Renaissance era . The chronogram would be a phrase containing the letters I , V , X , L , C , D , and M. By putting these letters together , the reader would obtain a number , usually indicating a particular year . </P> <H3> Modern use </H3> <P> By the 11th century , Hindu -- Arabic numerals had been introduced into Europe from al - Andalus , by way of Arab traders and arithmetic treatises . Roman numerals , however , proved very persistent , remaining in common use in the West well into the 14th and 15th centuries , even in accounting and other business records ( where the actual calculations would have been made using an abacus ) . Replacement by their more convenient `` Arabic '' equivalents was quite gradual , and Roman numerals are still used today in certain contexts . A few examples of their current use are : </P> Spanish Real using `` IIII '' instead of `` IV '' as regnal number of Charles IV of Spain <Ul> <Li> Names of monarchs and popes , e.g. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom , Pope Benedict XVI . These are referred to as regnal numbers ; e.g. II is pronounced `` the second '' . This tradition began in Europe sporadically in the Middle Ages , gaining widespread use in England only during the reign of Henry VIII . Previously , the monarch was not known by numeral but by an epithet such as Edward the Confessor . Some monarchs ( e.g. Charles IV of Spain and Louis XIV of France ) seem to have preferred the use of IIII instead of IV on their coinage ( see illustration ) . </Li> <Li> Generational suffixes , particularly in the US , for people sharing the same name across generations , for example William Howard Taft IV . </Li> <Li> In the French Republican Calendar , initiated during the French Revolution , years were numbered by Roman numerals -- from the year I ( 1792 ) when this calendar was introduced to the year XIV ( 1805 ) when it was abandoned . </Li> <Li> The year of production of films , television shows and other works of art within the work itself . It has been suggested -- by BBC News , perhaps facetiously -- that this was originally done `` in an attempt to disguise the age of films or television programmes . '' Outside reference to the work will use regular Hindu -- Arabic numerals . </Li> <Li> Hour marks on timepieces . In this context , 4 is usually written IIII . </Li> <Li> The year of construction on building faces and cornerstones . </Li> <Li> Page numbering of prefaces and introductions of books , and sometimes of annexes , too . </Li> <Li> Book volume and chapter numbers , as well as the several acts within a play ( e.g. Act iii , Scene 2 ) . </Li> <Li> Sequels of some movies , video games , and other works ( as in Rocky II ) . </Li> <Li> Outlines that use numbers to show hierarchical relationships . </Li> <Li> Occurrences of a recurring grand event , for instance : <Ul> <Li> The Summer and Winter Olympic Games ( e.g. the XXI Olympic Winter Games ; the Games of the XXX Olympiad ) </Li> <Li> The Super Bowl , the annual championship game of the National Football League ( e.g. Super Bowl XXXVII ; Super Bowl 50 is a one - time exception ) </Li> <Li> WrestleMania , the annual professional wrestling event for the WWE ( e.g. WrestleMania XXX ) . This usage has also been inconsistent . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> Specific disciplines Entrance to section LII ( 52 ) of the Colosseum , with numerals still visible <P> In astronomy , the natural satellites or `` moons '' of the planets are traditionally designated by capital Roman numerals appended to the planet 's name . For example , Titan 's designation is Saturn VI . </P> <P> In chemistry , Roman numerals are often used to denote the groups of the periodic table . They are also used in the IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry , for the oxidation number of cations which can take on several different positive charges . They are also used for naming phases of polymorphic crystals , such as ice . </P> <P> In computing , Roman numerals may be used in identifiers which are limited to alphabetic characters by syntactic constraints of the programming language . In LaTeX , for instance , \ labelitemiii refers to the label of an item in the third level iii of a nested list environment . </P> <P> In military unit designation , Roman numerals are often used to distinguish between units at different levels . This reduces possible confusion , especially when viewing operational or strategic level maps . In particular , army corps are often numbered using Roman numerals ( for example the American XVIII Airborne Corps or the WW2 - era German III Panzerkorps ) with Hindu - Arabic numerals being used for divisions and armies . </P> <P> In music , Roman numerals are used in several contexts : </P> <Ul> <Li> Movements are often numbered using Roman numerals . </Li> <Li> In music theory , the diatonic functions are identified using Roman numerals . ( See : Roman numeral analysis ) </Li> <Li> Individual strings of stringed instruments , such as the violin , are often denoted by Roman numerals , with higher numbers denoting lower strings . </Li> </Ul> <P> In pharmacy , Roman numerals are used in some contexts , including S to denote `` one half '' and N to mean `` nothing '' . ( See the sections below on `` zero '' and `` fractions '' . ) </P> <P> In photography , Roman numerals ( with zero ) are used to denote varying levels of brightness when using the Zone System . </P> <P> In seismology , Roman numerals are used to designate degrees of the Mercalli intensity scale of earthquakes . </P> <P> In tarot , Roman numerals ( with zero ) are used to denote the cards of the Major Arcana . </P> <P> In theology and biblical scholarship , the Septuagint is often referred to as LXX , as this translation of the Old Testament into Greek is named for the legendary number of its translators ( septuaginta being Latin for `` seventy '' ) . </P> <P> In entomology , the broods of the thirteen and seventeen year periodical cicadas are identified by Roman numerals . </P> <P> In advanced mathematics ( including trigonometry , statistics , and calculus ) , when a graph includes negative numbers , its quadrants are named using I , II , III , and IV . These quadrant names signify positive numbers on both axes , negative numbers on the X axis , negative numbers on both axes , and negative numbers on the Y axis , respectively . The use of Roman numerals to designate quadrants avoids confusion , since Hindu - Arabic numerals are used for the actual data represented in the graph . </P> Modern use in continental Europe <P> Some uses that are rare or never seen in English speaking countries are relatively common in continental Europe . For instance : </P> <P> Capital or small capital Roman numerals are widely used in Romance languages to denote centuries , e.g. the French xviii siècle and the Spanish siglo XVIII mean `` 18th century '' . Slavic languages in and adjacent to Russia similarly favour Roman numerals ( XVIII век ) . On the other hand , in Slavic languages in Central Europe , like most Germanic languages , one writes `` 18 . '' ( with a period ) before the local word for `` century '' . </P> Boris Yeltsin 's signature , dated 10 November 1988 . The month is specified by `` XI '' rather than `` 11 '' . <P> Mixed Roman and Hindu - Arabic numerals are sometimes used in numeric representations of dates ( especially in formal letters and official documents , but also on tombstones ) . The month is written in Roman numerals , while the day is in Hindu - Arabic numerals : `` 14. VI. 1789 '' and `` VI. 14.1789 '' both refer unambiguously to 14 June 1789 . </P> Timetable on a shop window in Vilnius <P> Roman numerals are sometimes used to represent the days of the week in hours - of - operation signs displayed in windows or on doors of businesses , and also sometimes in railway and bus timetables . Monday , taken as the first day of the week , is represented by I. Sunday is represented by VII . The hours of operation signs are tables composed of two columns where the left column is the day of the week in Roman numerals and the right column is a range of hours of operation from starting time to closing time . In the example case ( left ) , the business opens from 10 AM to 7 PM on weekdays , 10 AM to 5 PM on Saturdays and is closed on Sundays . Note that the listing uses 24 - hour time . </P> Sign at 17.9 km on route SS4 Salaria , north of Rome <P> Roman numerals may also be used for floor numbering . For instance , apartments in central Amsterdam are indicated as 138 - III , with both a Hindu - Arabic numeral ( number of the block or house ) and a Roman numeral ( floor number ) . The apartment on the ground floor is indicated as ' 138 - huis ' . </P> <P> In Italy , where roads outside built - up areas have kilometre signs , major roads and motorways also mark 100 - metre subdivisionals , using Roman numerals from I to IX for the smaller intervals . The sign `` IX 17 '' thus marks kilometre 17.9 . </P> <P> A notable exception to the use of Roman numerals in Europe

You use Roman numerals in chemistry

When do you use the roman numerals in chemistry?