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33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

334

Administrative and Specialized Secretaries

3343

Administrative and Executive Secretaries

Administrative and executive secretaries perform liaison, coordination and organizational tasks in support of managers and professionals and/or prepare correspondence, reports and records of proceedings and other specialized documentation.

3343.4

management assistant

Management assistants perform varied types of jobs, usually under general supervision. They carry out administrative tasks and support managers to ensure the entire department functions smoothly.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

311

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians

3114

Electronics Engineering Technicians

Electronics engineering technicians perform technical tasks to aid in electronic research and in the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of electronic equipment.

3114.1

electronics engineering technician

Electronics engineering technicians work closely with electronics engineers in the development of electronic equipment and devices. Electronics engineering technicians are responsible for building, testing, and maintaining electronic devices.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

82

Assemblers

Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to procedures strictly laid down. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the next along assembly lines. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

821

Assemblers

8212

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers assemble or modify, according to strictly laid down procedures, components of electrical, electromechanical and electronic equipment.

8212.3.4

photographic equipment assembler

Photographic equipment assemblers build photographic products such as cameras, film cameras, and projectors. They collect the different optical, electronic, and mechanical camera components, such as the battery, mirrors, image processor, and lenses, and piece together cameras according to specifications using hand tools or machinery.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

12

Administrative and Commercial Managers

Administrative and commercial managers plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human resource, policy, planning, research and development, advertising, public relations, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

122

Sales, Marketing and Development Managers

1221

Sales and Marketing Managers

Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and coordinate the sales and marketing activities of an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises that provide sales and marketing services to other enterprises and organizations.

1221.1

auction house manager

Auction house managers are responsible for the staff and activities in an auction house. Moreover, they manage the finances and marketing aspects of the auction house.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

265

Creative and Performing Artists

2652

Musicians, Singers and Composers

Musicians, singers and composers write, arrange, conduct and perform musical compositions.

2652.3.1.1

choirmaster/choirmistress

Choirmasters/choirmistresses manage various aspects of the vocal, and sometimes instrumental, performances of musical groups, such as choirs, ensembles, or glee clubs.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

23

Teaching Professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

235

Other Teaching Professionals

2359

Teaching Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers teaching professionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 23: Teaching Professionals. For instance, the group includes those who provide private tuition in subjects other than foreign languages and the arts, and those who provide educational counselling to students.

2359.1

academic advisor

Academic advisors assist students, at post-secondary level, in recognising and achieving their educational goals. They advise students on their schedule selection of school programmes, communicate to them degree requirements, and assist them in career planning. Academic advisors also discuss the student's academic performance and its implications and make suggestions for improvement including study advice. They also work closely with other university administrators and professors and ensure they are up to date on university or college regulation, program, or requirement changes.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

35

Information and Communications Technicians

Information and communications technicians provide support for the day-to-day running of computer systems, communications systems and networks and perform technical tasks related to telecommunications, broadcast of image and sound as well as other types of telecommunications signals on land, sea or in aircraft. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

352

Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians

3521

Broadcasting and Audiovisual Technicians

Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians control technical functioning of equipment to record and edit images and sound and for transmitting radio and television broadcasts of images and sounds, as well as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft.

3521.1.7

sound designer

Sound designers develop a sound design concept for a performance and supervise the execution of it. Their work is based on research and artistic vision. Their design is influenced by and influences other designs and must be conform with these designs and the overall artistic vision. Therefore, the designers work closely with artistic directors, operators and the artistic team. Sound designers prepare audio fragments to be used in a performance, which can involve recording, composing, manipulating and editing. Sound  designers develop plans, cue lists and other documentation to support the operators and production crew. Sound designers sometimes also work as autonomous artists, creating sound art outside a performance context.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

71

Building and Related Trades Workers (excluding Electricians)

Building and related trades workers construct, maintain and repair buildings, erect and repair foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; shape and finish stone for building and other purposes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

712

Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers

7125

Glaziers

Glaziers measure, cut, finish, fit and install flat glass and mirrors.

7125.1

plate glass installer

Plate glass installers fit panes of glass into windows and other structural elements like glass doors, walls, façades and other structures.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

81

Stationary Plant and Machine Operators

Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

813

Chemical and Photographic Products Plant and Machine Operators

8131

Chemical Products Plant and Machine Operators

Chemical products plant and machine operators operate and monitor units and machinery to blend, mix, process and package a wide range of chemical products.

8131.19.2

soap drier operator

Soap drier operators control and maintain viscous soap machine to produce soap flakes. They perform sample tests and coordinate the dried flakes discharge into storage bins.

en

55

Services And Sales Workers

Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, or protection against fire and unlawful acts, or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

52

Sales Workers

Sales workers sell and demonstrate goods in wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets, door-to-door, via telephone or customer contact centres. They may record and accept payment for goods and services purchased, and may operate small retail outlets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

524

Other Sales Workers

5249

Sales Workers Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group includes sales workers not classified elsewhere in Sub -major Group 52: Sales Workers.

5249.2.2.2

rental service representative in video tapes and disks

Rental service representatives in video tapes and disks are in charge of renting out equipment and determining specific periods of usage. They document transactions, insurances and payments.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

13

Production and Specialized Services Managers

Production and specialized services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

132

Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers

1322

Mining Managers

Mining managers plan, direct and coordinate the production of activities of mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction operations, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.

1322.1.2

oil and gas production manager

Oil and gas production managers coordinate and implement short and medium term oil and gas production schedules and plans, such as drilling, extraction operations and waste management. They steer one or more units and oversee the implementation of technical and human means, within the framework of objectives of volume, quality and planning. Oil and gas production managers design and ensure that the production plans and schedules are met.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

264

Authors, Journalists and Linguists

2642

Journalists

Journalists research, investigate, interpret and communicate news and public affairs through newspapers, television, radio and other media.

2642.1.3

business journalist

Business journalists research and write articles about economy and economic events for newspapers, magazines, television and other media. They conduct interviews and attend events.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

243

Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals

2432

Public Relations Professionals

Public relations professionals plan, develop, implement and evaluate information and communication strategies that create an understanding and a favourable view of businesses and other organizations, their goods and services, and their role in the community.

2432.4

intercultural communication consultant

Intercultural communication consultants specialise in social interaction between parties of different cultures, advise organisations on international interactions in order to optimise their performance, and facilitiate cooperation and positive interaction with organisations and individuals from other cultures.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

243

Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals

2431

Advertising and Marketing Professionals

Advertising and marketing professionals develop and coordinate advertising strategies and campaigns, determine the market for new goods and services, and identify and develop market opportunities for new and existing goods and services.

2431.8

customer experience manager

Customer experience managers monitor customer experiences by creating, evaluating and improving the customer's interaction organisations in the hospitality, recreation or entertainment industry. They develop plans of action to optimise all aspects of the customer's experience. Customer experience managers strive to ensure customer satisfaction and boost company profits.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

23

Teaching Professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

235

Other Teaching Professionals

2359

Teaching Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers teaching professionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 23: Teaching Professionals. For instance, the group includes those who provide private tuition in subjects other than foreign languages and the arts, and those who provide educational counselling to students.

2359.5

assistive technologist

Assistive technologists work to improve access to learning or/and improving independence and participation for individuals with disabilities. They do this through learner support and staff support with activities such as assessments, training and guidance. Assistive technologists have a good understanding of learners’ needs and a wide technology knowledge relevant to learning, living or work context. The role requires knowledge of assistive technology hardware and software such as text to speech, prediction, dictation, vision and physical access tools.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

331

Financial and Mathematical Associate Professionals

3311

Securities and Finance Dealers and Brokers

Securities and finance dealers and brokers buy and sell securities, stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, and deal on the foreign exchange, on spot, or on futures markets, on behalf of their own company or for customers on a commission basis. They recommend transactions to clients or senior management.

3311.2.4

securities broker

Securities brokers create the connection between the investors and the available investment opportunities. They purchase and sell securities on their clients' behalf, based on their expertise in the financial markets. They monitor the performance of their clients' securities, assessing their stability or speculative tendencies. Securities brokers calculate the securities' price and place orders.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

311

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians

3111

Chemical and Physical Science Technicians

Chemical and physical science technicians perform technical tasks to aid in research in chemistry, physics, geology, geophysics, meteorology and astronomy, and in the development of industrial, medical, military and other practical applications of research results.

3111.12

radiation protection technician

Radiation protection technicians monitor radiation levels in buildings and facilities to ensure compliance with health and safety standards, and to prevent dangerous elevations in the radiation level. They take measures to minimise radiation emissions, and to prevent further contamination in the event of radiation pollution, by developing radiation protection plans, in particular for nuclear plants and facilities.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

21

Science and Engineering Professionals

Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

214

Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)

2145

Chemical Engineers

Chemical engineers conduct research and develop, advise on and direct commercial-scale chemical processes and production of various substances and items such as crude oil, petroleum derivatives, food and drink products, medicines, or synthetic materials. They direct maintenance and repair of chemical plant and equipment and study and advise on chemical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.

2145.1.2

brewmaster

Brewmasters ensure brewing quality of current products and create mixtures for the development of new products. For current products, they oversee the whole brewing process following one of many brewing processes. For new products, they develop new brewing formulas and processing techniques or modify existing ones as to come up with potential new products.

en

99

Elementary Occupations

Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

93

Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport

Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine manual tasks in mining, quarrying, civil engineering, building, manufacturing, transport and storage operations, and operate human-powered and animal-drawn vehicles and machinery. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

933

Transport and Storage Labourers

9333

Freight Handlers

Freight handlers carry out tasks such as packing, carrying, loading and unloading furniture and other household items, or loading and unloading ship and aircraft cargoes and other freight, or carrying and stacking goods in various warehouses.

9333.7

stevedore superintendent

Stevedore superintendents supervise and monitor the freight handling and longshore labor in a dockyard to maximise productivity. They manage the loading and unloading of cargo and monitor the safety of the work area. Stevedore superintendents may also investigate incidents and prepare accident reports.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

73

Handicraft and Printing Workers

Handicraft and printing workers combine artistic and manual skills to design, produce, maintain and decorate precision instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious-metals, pottery, porcelain and glassware, items made of wood or textile, leather or related materials, and printed products such as books, newspapers and magazines. They apply traditional and/or recently developed techniques to carve, mould, assemble, weave and decorate various articles; to compose and set type prior to printing; to set up and operate printing presses; to bind and finish printed products; and to prepare stencils and operate screen printing equipment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work may be carried out by hand or involve the use of hand tools, hand-held power tools and in some cases the set-up and operation of machinery and machine tools. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organisation, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

731

Handicraft Workers

7316

Signwriters, Decorative Painters, Engravers and Etchers

Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers decorate articles made of wood, metal, textiles, glass, ceramics and other materials. They plan, lay out and paint letters, figures, monograms and designs to make signs and engrave and etch ornamental and floral designs on glass and other articles.

7316.3

metal engraver

Metal engravers make incisions of a design onto a metal surface by carving grooves into it, usually for decorative purposes, including metal weaponry. To cut the design into the surface they use tools such as gravers or burins.  

en

55

Services And Sales Workers

Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, or protection against fire and unlawful acts, or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

51

Personal Services Workers

Personal service workers provide personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and hospitality, hairdressing and beauty treatment, animal care grooming and training, companionship and other services of a personal nature. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

515

Building and Housekeeping Supervisors

5153

Building Caretakers

Building caretakers take care of apartment houses, hotels, offices, churches and other buildings and maintain them and associated grounds in a clean and orderly condition. They may supervise other workers and contractors depending on the size and nature of the building concerned.

5153.1

building caretaker

Building caretakers maintain and monitor the condition and security of buildings. They clean, assist with minor repairs and ensure that amenities such as heating and hot water are available to the residents. Building caretakers are responsible for the quality of buildings and also serve as a contact person for residents.

en

55

Services And Sales Workers

Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, or protection against fire and unlawful acts, or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

51

Personal Services Workers

Personal service workers provide personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and hospitality, hairdressing and beauty treatment, animal care grooming and training, companionship and other services of a personal nature. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

511

Travel Attendants, Conductors and Guides

5113

Travel Guides

Travel guides accompany individuals or groups on trips, sightseeing tours and excursions and on tours of places of interest such as historical sites, industrial establishments and theme parks. They describe points of interest and provide background information on interesting features.

5113.1.3

zoo educator

Zoo educators teach visitors about the animals living at the zoo/aquarium as well as other species and habitats. They provide information about management of zoos, its collection of animals, and wildlife conservation. Zoo educators can be involved in both formal and informal learning opportunities ranging from production of information signs at enclosures to delivering classroom sessions linked to school or university curricula. Depending on the size of the organisation the education team may be a single person or a large team. Consequently the optional skills required are very broad and will vary from organisation to organisation.  Zoo educators also promote conservation efforts. This can involve work within the zoo but also in the field as part of any zoo outreach project(s).

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

312

Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors

3123

Construction Supervisors

Construction supervisors, coordinate, supervise and schedule the activities of workers engaged in the construction and repair of buildings and structures.

3123.1.2

bridge construction supervisor

Bridge construction supervisors monitor the construction of bridges. They assign tasks and take quick decisions to resolve problems.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

242

Administration Professionals

2422

Policy Administration Professionals

Policy administration professionals develop and analyse policies guiding the design, implementation and modification of government and commercial operations and programmes.

2422.2

community development officer

Community development officers develop plans to improve quality of life in local communities. They investigate and assess the community's issues and needs, manage resources, and develop implementation strategies. They communicate with the community for investigation purposes, and to inform the community on development plans.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

241

Finance Professionals

2411

Accountants

Accountants plan, organize and administer accounting systems for individuals and establishments. Some occupations classified here examine and analyse the accounting and financial records of individuals and establishments to ensure accuracy and compliance with established accounting standards and procedures.

2411.1

accountant

Accountants review and analyse financial statements, budgets, financial reports, and business plans in order to check for irregularities resulting from error or fraud, and provide their clients with financial advice in matters such as financial forecasting and risk analysis. They may audit financial data, resolve insolvency cases, prepare tax returns and provide other tax-related advice in reference to current legislation.

en

99

Elementary Occupations

Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

91

Cleaners and Helpers

Cleaners and helpers perform various tasks in private households, hotels, offices, hospitals and other establishments, as well as in aircraft, trains coaches, trams and similar vehicles, in order to keep the interiors and fixtures clean, and launder and press garments and textiles by hand. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

911

Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners and Helpers

9112

Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels and Other Establishments

Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments perform various cleaning tasks in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors and fixtures of hotels, offices and other establishments, as well as of aircraft, trains, buses and similar vehicles.

9112.4

room attendant

Room attendants clean, tidy and restock guest rooms as well as other public areas as directed.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

334

Administrative and Specialized Secretaries

3341

Office Supervisors

Office supervisors supervise and coordinate the activities of workers in Major Group 4: Clerical Support Workers.

3341.4

contact centre supervisor

Contact centre supervisors oversee and coordinate the activities of contact centre employees. They ensure that daily operations run smoothly through resolving issues, instructing and training employees and supervising tasks.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

81

Stationary Plant and Machine Operators

Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

811

Mining and Mineral Processing Plant Operators

8111

Miners and Quarriers

Miners and quarriers operate plant, machinery and hand tools to extract rock, mineral ores and other deposits from underground and surface mines and quarries.

8111.3

surface miner

Surface miners perform a wide range of ancillary surface mining operations, often involving a high level of spatial awareness, such as pumping, dust suppression and the transport of materials including sand, stone and clay to the point of production.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

754

Other Craft and Related Workers

7543

Product Graders and Testers (excluding Foods and Beverages)

Product graders and testers (except foods and beverages) inspect, test, sort, sample and weigh raw materials, manufactured components and non-comestible goods produced or sold, to ensure compliance with quality standards and to identify defects, wear, and deviations from specifications, and to grade and classify them according to their quality.

7543.7.4

electronic equipment inspector

Electronic equipment inspectors check electronic equipment for any defects and malfunctions. They ensure that the equipment is correctly assembled according to specifications and national and international regulations.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

753

Garment and Related Trades Workers

7533

Sewing, Embroidery and Related Workers

Sewing, embroidery and related workers sew together, repair, renovate and decorate garments, gloves and other products of textile, fur, light leather and other materials and fabricate tents sails, awnings and tarpaulins. They work mainly by hand using a needle and thread but may perform some tasks using a sewing machine.

7533.2

embroiderer

Embroiderers puch designs and decorate textile surfaces by hand or by using an embroidery machine. They apply a range of traditional stitching techniques to produce intricate designs on clothing, accessories, and home decor items. Professional embroiderers combine traditional sewing skills with current software programs to design and construct embellishments on an item.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

22

Health Professionals

Health professionals conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; and apply scientific knowledge relating to medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and promotion of health. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

225

Veterinarians

2250

Veterinarians

Veterinarians diagnose, prevent and treat diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of animals. They may provide care to a wide range of animals or specialize in the treatment of a particular animal group or in a particular specialty area, or provide professional services to commercial firms producing biological and pharmaceutical products.

2250.4

animal therapist

Animal therapists provide a therapeutic treatment following veterinary diagnosis or referral.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

13

Production and Specialized Services Managers

Production and specialized services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

132

Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers

1324

Supply, Distribution and Related Managers

Supply, distribution and related managers plan, direct and coordinate passenger transportation systems and facilities and the supply, transportation, storage and distribution of goods, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.

1324.3.1.6.31

watches and jewellery distribution manager

Watches and jewellery distribution managers plan the distribution of watches and jewellery to various points of sales.Watches and jewellery distribution managers plan the distribution of watches and jewellery to various points of sales.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

11

Chief Executives, Senior Officials and Legislators

Chief executives, senior officials and legislators formulate and review the policies, and plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities, of enterprises, governments and other organizations with the support of other managers. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

112

Managing Directors and Chief Executives

1120

Managing Directors and Chief Executives

Managing directors and chief executives formulate and review the policies and plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises or organizations (except special-interest organizations and government departments) with the support of other managers, usually within guidelines established by a board of directors or a governing body to whom they are answerable for the operations undertaken and results.

1120.1

animal facility manager

Animal facility managers coordinate and plan all activities of a zoo. They formulate policies, manage daily operations, and plan the use of materials and human resources. They are the driving force and public face of their institution. This often involves representing their institution on a national, regional and global scale and taking part in coordinated zoo activities.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

82

Assemblers

Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to procedures strictly laid down. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the next along assembly lines. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

821

Assemblers

8219

Assemblers Not Elsewhere Classified

Assemblers not elsewhere classified assemble, according to procedures strictly laid down, various products that do not include electronic, electrical or mechanical components.

8219.5

jewellery assembler

Jewellery assemblers assemble jewelry parts to form different types of jewellery such as bracelets, necklaces or earrings. They grip links with pliers or position the link in the slot of a linking ring, twist link joints open using pliers, attach all parts together and repair broken chains.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

23

Teaching Professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

231

University and Higher Education Teachers

2310

University and Higher Education Teachers

University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.

2310.1.23

linguistics lecturer

Linguistics lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, linguistics, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants for the preparation of lectures and of exams, for grading papers and exams and for leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their respective field of linguistics, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

12

Administrative and Commercial Managers

Administrative and commercial managers plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human resource, policy, planning, research and development, advertising, public relations, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

122

Sales, Marketing and Development Managers

1221

Sales and Marketing Managers

Sales and marketing managers plan, direct and coordinate the sales and marketing activities of an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises that provide sales and marketing services to other enterprises and organizations.

1221.4

commercial director

Commercial directors are responsible for the income generation for the commercial sector of their company. They manage several commercial tasks such as setting targets, overseeing the development of products, planning and developing selling efforts, managing sales agents, and determining product prices.

en

99

Elementary Occupations

Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

93

Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport

Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine manual tasks in mining, quarrying, civil engineering, building, manufacturing, transport and storage operations, and operate human-powered and animal-drawn vehicles and machinery. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

932

Manufacturing Labourers

9329

Manufacturing Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified

Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified assist the work of machine operators and assemblers and perform a variety of simple and routine manual tasks in manufacturing, excluding packing and labelling finished products.

9329.1

factory hand

Factory hands assist machine operators and product assemblers. They clean the machines and the working areas. Factory hands make sure supplies and materials are replenished.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

265

Creative and Performing Artists

2659

Creative and Performing Artists Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers all creative and performing artists not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 265: Creative and Performing Artists. For instance, the group includes clowns, magicians, acrobats and other performing artists.

2659.2.4

stand-up comedian

Stand-up comedians tell humorist stories, jokes and one-liners typically described as a monologue, act or routine. They often perform in comedy clubs, bars, nightclubs and theatres. They may also use music, magic tricks or props to enhance their performance.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

81

Stationary Plant and Machine Operators

Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

811

Mining and Mineral Processing Plant Operators

8113

Well Drillers and Borers and Related Workers

Well drillers and borers and related workers position, assemble and operate drilling machinery and related equipment to sink wells, extract rock samples, liquids and gases or for a variety of other purposes.

8113.5

roughneck

Roughnecks make or break connections when the drill pipe is tripped in or out of the drilling hole. They assemble and disassemble pipes and drills, and collect core samples. They maintain and repair the equipment on the drilling floor.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

34

Legal, Social, Cultural and Related Associate Professionals

Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to legal services, social work, culture, food preparation, sport and religion. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

343

Artistic, Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals

3435

Other Artistic and Cultural Associate Professionals

This unit group covers artistic and cultural associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 343: Artistic, Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals. For instance, those who assist directors or actors with staging of theatrical, motion picture, television or commercial productions are classified here.

3435.3

audio production technician

Audio production technicians set up, prepare, check and maintain equipment in order to provide optimal sound quality for a live performance. They cooperate with road crew to unload, set up and operate sound equipment and instruments.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

264

Authors, Journalists and Linguists

2643

Translators, Interpreters and Other Linguists

Translators, interpreters and other linguists translate or interpret from one language into another and study the origin, development and structure of languages.

2643.6.2

subtitler

Subtitlers can work intralingually, within the same language, or interlingually, across languages. Intralingual subtitlers create the subtitles for hearing-impaired viewers, whereas interlingual subtitlers create the subtitles for movies or television programmes in a different language to the one heard in the audiovisual production. They both ensure that the captions and subtitles are synchronised with the sound, images and dialogue of the audiovisual work.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

311

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians

3119

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers physical and engineering science technicians not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 311: Physical and Engineering Science Technicians. For instance, the unit group includes those who assist scientists and engineers engaged in developing procedures or conducting research on safety, biomedical, environmental or industrial and production engineering.

3119.16.2

footwear quality technician

Footwear quality technicians manage all the standards and techniques related to processes and products. They perform tasks using quality systems based on national and international standards. They analyse and interpret the results, prepare reports, advise on corrective measures, contribute to the achievement of requirements and objectives for the benefit of continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

13

Production and Specialized Services Managers

Production and specialized services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

132

Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers

1324

Supply, Distribution and Related Managers

Supply, distribution and related managers plan, direct and coordinate passenger transportation systems and facilities and the supply, transportation, storage and distribution of goods, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.

1324.3.3

intermodal logistics manager

Intermodal logistics managers manage and oversee commercial and operational aspects of intermodal logistics for an organisation.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

21

Science and Engineering Professionals

Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

214

Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)

2145

Chemical Engineers

Chemical engineers conduct research and develop, advise on and direct commercial-scale chemical processes and production of various substances and items such as crude oil, petroleum derivatives, food and drink products, medicines, or synthetic materials. They direct maintenance and repair of chemical plant and equipment and study and advise on chemical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.

2145.1.8

paper engineer

Paper engineers ensure an optimal production process in the manufacture of paper and related products. They select primary and secondary raw materials and check their quality. In addition, they optimize machinery and equipment usage as well as the chemical additives for paper making.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

334

Administrative and Specialized Secretaries

3341

Office Supervisors

Office supervisors supervise and coordinate the activities of workers in Major Group 4: Clerical Support Workers.

3341.1

call centre analyst

Call centre analysts examine data regarding incoming or outgoing customer calls. They prepare reports and visualisation.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

21

Science and Engineering Professionals

Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

214

Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)

2144

Mechanical Engineers

Mechanical engineers conduct research; advise on, design and direct production of machines, aircraft, ships, machinery and industrial plant, equipment and systems; advise on and direct their functioning, maintenance and repair; or study and advise on mechanical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.

2144.1.7

fluid power engineer

Fluid power engineers supervise the assembly, installation, maintenance, and testing of fluid power equipment in accordance with specified manufacturing processes. They create designs with schematics and assembly models, make drawings and bills of materials for components, and analyse equipment.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

751

Food Processing and Related Trades Workers

7515

Food and Beverage Tasters and Graders

Food and beverage tasters and graders inspect, taste and grade various types of agricultural products, food and beverages.

7515.3

food grader

Food graders inspect, sort and grade food products. They grade food products according to sensory criteria or with the help of machinery. They determine the product's use by grading them into the appropriate classes and discarding damaged or expired foods. Food graders measure and weigh the products and report their findings so the food can be further processed.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

35

Information and Communications Technicians

Information and communications technicians provide support for the day-to-day running of computer systems, communications systems and networks and perform technical tasks related to telecommunications, broadcast of image and sound as well as other types of telecommunications signals on land, sea or in aircraft. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

352

Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians

3522

Telecommunications Engineering Technicians

Telecommunications engineering technicians perform technical tasks connected with telecommunications engineering research, as well as with the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.

3522.1

telecommunications engineering technician

Telecommunications engineering technician deploy, maintain and monitor a telecommunication system that provides interactions between data and voice communications, such as telephone, video conferencing, computer, and voicemail systems. They are also involved in the design, manufacturing, construction, maintenance and repair of telecommunication systems. Telecommunications engineering technicians provide technical assistance in the research and development of telecommunication equipment.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

312

Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors

3123

Construction Supervisors

Construction supervisors, coordinate, supervise and schedule the activities of workers engaged in the construction and repair of buildings and structures.

3123.1.23

structural ironwork supervisor

Structural ironwork supervisors monitor ironworking activities. They assign tasks and take quick decisions to resolve problems.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

32

Health Associate Professionals

Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

325

Other Health Associate Professionals

3259

Health Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers health associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major Group 32: Health Associate Professionals. For instance, the group includes occupations such as HIV counsellor, family planning counsellor and other health associate professionals.

3259.1

anaesthetic technician

Anaesthetic technicians assist specialised doctors in anaesthetics. They prepare operating theatres and other specialised clinics for anaesthetic procedures, prepare the equipment needed for anaesthesia, and assist with inducing and maintaining adequate anaesthesia and post-anaesthesia procedures. They do so under supervision, following the orders of the doctor of medicine.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

73

Handicraft and Printing Workers

Handicraft and printing workers combine artistic and manual skills to design, produce, maintain and decorate precision instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious-metals, pottery, porcelain and glassware, items made of wood or textile, leather or related materials, and printed products such as books, newspapers and magazines. They apply traditional and/or recently developed techniques to carve, mould, assemble, weave and decorate various articles; to compose and set type prior to printing; to set up and operate printing presses; to bind and finish printed products; and to prepare stencils and operate screen printing equipment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work may be carried out by hand or involve the use of hand tools, hand-held power tools and in some cases the set-up and operation of machinery and machine tools. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organisation, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

731

Handicraft Workers

7314

Potters and Related Workers

Potters and related workers prepare pottery, porcelain ware, sanitary ware, bricks, tiles and abrasive wheels by hand or by machine.

7314.3

pottery and porcelain caster

Pottery and porcelain casters fill moulds with clay to cast pottery and porcelain wares. They pour excess slip out of the mould when needed, drain moulds, remove the cast from the mould, smooth the casting surfaces to remove marks and place the castings on boards to dry.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

81

Stationary Plant and Machine Operators

Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

815

Textile, Fur and Leather Products Machine Operators

8157

Laundry Machine Operators

Laundry machine operators operate laundry, dry cleaning, pressing and fabric treatment machines in laundries and dry-cleaning establishments.

8157.1

laundry worker

Laundry workers operate and monitor machines that use chemicals to wash or dry-clean articles such as cloth and leather garments, linens, drapes or carpets, ensuring the color and texture of these articles is being maintained. They work in laundry shops and industrial laundry companies and sort the articles received from clients by fabric type. They also determine the cleaning technique to be applied.

en

55

Services And Sales Workers

Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, or protection against fire and unlawful acts, or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

52

Sales Workers

Sales workers sell and demonstrate goods in wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets, door-to-door, via telephone or customer contact centres. They may record and accept payment for goods and services purchased, and may operate small retail outlets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

522

Shop Salespersons

5223

Shop Sales Assistants

Shop sales assistants sell a range of goods and services directly to the public or on behalf of retail and wholesale establishments, and explain the functions and qualities of these goods and services.

5223.7.4

bakery specialised seller

Bakery specialised sellers sell bread and cakes in specialised shops, post-processing the products if required.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

331

Financial and Mathematical Associate Professionals

3312

Credit and Loans Officers

Credit and loans officers analyse and evaluate financial information on applications for credit and loans and determine approval or disapproval of the client for the credit or loan, or recommend to management approval or disapproval.

3312.1

bank account manager

Bank account managers advise prospective clients on the type of banking accounts suitable for their needs. They work with clients to set up the bank account and remain their primary point of contact in the bank, assisting with all necessary documentation. Bank account managers may recommend their clients to contact other departments in the bank for other specific needs.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

311

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians

3111

Chemical and Physical Science Technicians

Chemical and physical science technicians perform technical tasks to aid in research in chemistry, physics, geology, geophysics, meteorology and astronomy, and in the development of industrial, medical, military and other practical applications of research results.

3111.3

food analyst

Food analysts perform standardised tests to determine the chemical, physical, or microbiological features of products for human consumption.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

313

Process Control Technicians

3132

Incinerator and Water Treatment Plant Operators

Incinerator and water treatment plant operators monitor and operate computerized control systems and related equipment in solid and liquid waste treatment plants to regulate the treatment and disposal of sewage and wastes, and in water filtration and treatment plants to regulate the treatment and distribution of water.

3132.5

wastewater treatment technician

Wastewater treatment technicians aid wastewater treatment operators in the operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment equipment, and the purification procedure of wastewater, in sewage plants. They perform repair duties.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

71

Building and Related Trades Workers (excluding Electricians)

Building and related trades workers construct, maintain and repair buildings, erect and repair foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; shape and finish stone for building and other purposes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

712

Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers

7123

Plasterers

Plasterers install, maintain and repair plasterboard in buildings, and apply decorative and protective coverings of plaster, cement and similar material to the interiors and exteriors of structures.

7123.1

ceiling installer

Ceiling installers install ceilings in buildings. They apply different techniques as the situation requires-for example when fire resistance is especially important, or when space is needed between the dropped ceiling and the next floor-or specialise in one.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

753

Garment and Related Trades Workers

7534

Upholsterers and Related Workers

Upholsterers and related workers install, repair and replace upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopaedic appliances, seats, panels, convertible and vinyl tops and other furnishings of automobiles, railway coaches, aircraft, ships and similar items with fabric, leather, rexine or other upholstery material. They also make and repair cushions, quilts and mattresses.

7534.3

upholsterer

Upholsterers provide objects such as furniture, panels, orthopaedic devices, fixtures or vehicle parts with padding or soft covering. They can install, repair or replace the upholstery of objects with materials such as fabrics, leather, suede or cotton. Upholsterers install the webbings and springs necessary to cover the material.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

333

Business Services Agents

3339

Business Services Agents Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers business services agents not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 333: Business Services Agents. For instance, the group includes those who establish business contacts, sell business services such as advertising space in the media, arrange contracts for performances of athletes, entertainers and artists, for the publication of books, the production of plays, or the recording, performance and sale of music, sell property and goods by auction and who design and organize package and group tours.

3339.5

publishing rights manager

Publishing rights managers are responsible for the copyrights of books. They organise the sale of these rights so books can be translated, made into movies, etc.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

265

Creative and Performing Artists

2656

Announcers on Radio, Television and Other Media

Announcers on radio, television and other media read news bulletins, conduct interviews, and make other announcements or introductions on radio, television, and in theatres and other establishments or media

2656.1

audio describer

Audio describers depict orally what happens on the screen or on stage for the blind and visually impaired so that they can enjoy audio-visual shows, live performances or sports events. They produce audio description scripts for programmes and events and use their voice to record them.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

33

Business and Administration Associate Professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

331

Financial and Mathematical Associate Professionals

3312

Credit and Loans Officers

Credit and loans officers analyse and evaluate financial information on applications for credit and loans and determine approval or disapproval of the client for the credit or loan, or recommend to management approval or disapproval.

3312.2.1

credit analyst

Credit analysts investigate credit applications from customers and evaluate if the applications comply with regulations and guidelines of the financial loan-granting institution. On the basis of credit analyses they advise financial institutions whether customers are loan worthy. They perform tasks such as collecting data on the loan applicant, aquire additional information from other departments or institutions and indicating what sort of agreements the financial institution should reach with the credit applicant. Credit analysts also follow up on the development of the credit portfolio of clients.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

243

Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals

2433

Technical and Medical Sales Professionals (excluding ICT)

Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) represent companies in selling a range of industrial, medical and pharmaceutical goods and services to industrial, business, professional and other establishments.

2433.6.7

technical sales representative in the textile machinery industry

Technical sales representatives in the textile machinery industry act for a business to sell its merchandise while providing technical insight for customers.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

23

Teaching Professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

232

Vocational Education Teachers

2320

Vocational Education Teachers

Vocational education teachers teach or instruct vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges. They prepare students for employment in specific occupations or occupational areas for which university or higher education is not normally required.

2320.1.16

industrial arts vocational teacher

Industrial arts vocational teachers instruct students in their specialised field of study, industrial arts, which is predominantly practical in nature. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master for an industrial arts-related profession, working with wood and metal, such as carpenter or sheet metal worker. Industrial arts vocational teachers monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance on the subject of industrial arts through assignments, tests and examinations.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

13

Production and Specialized Services Managers

Production and specialized services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

133

Information and Communications Technology Services Managers

1330

Information and Communications Technology Services Managers

Information and communications technology service managers plan, direct and coordinate the acquisition, development, maintenance and use of computer and telecommunication systems, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.

1330.5

ICT operations manager

ICT operations managers coordinate ICT services and infrastructure ensuring that the organisation has the required infrastructural resources. They also plan and monitor stages of either a business process or a computer process, negotiate contracts and take mitigation action in case of non-fulfilment of agreements. They oversee the day-to-day tasks involving infrastructure components, ICT systems and software.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

23

Teaching Professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

231

University and Higher Education Teachers

2310

University and Higher Education Teachers

University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.

2310.1.40

university literature lecturer

University literature lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, literature, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants in the preparation of lectures and of exams, in grading papers and exams and in leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their respective field of literature, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

32

Health Associate Professionals

Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

322

Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals

3221

Nursing Associate Professionals

Nursing associate professionals provide basic nursing and personal care for people in need of such care due to effects of ageing, illness, injury or other physical or mental impairment. They generally work under the supervision of, and in support of implementation of health care, treatment and referrals plans established by, medical, nursing and other health professionals.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

265

Creative and Performing Artists

2651

Visual Artists

Visual artists create and execute works of art by sculpting, painting, drawing, creating cartoons, engraving or using other techniques.

2651.1

artistic painter

Artistic painters create paintings in oil or water colours or pastel, miniatures, collages, and drawings executed directly by the artist and/or entirely under their control .

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

81

Stationary Plant and Machine Operators

Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

811

Mining and Mineral Processing Plant Operators

8111

Miners and Quarriers

Miners and quarriers operate plant, machinery and hand tools to extract rock, mineral ores and other deposits from underground and surface mines and quarries.

8111.2

driller

Drillers set up and operate drilling rigs and related equipment designed to drill holes for mineral exploration, in shotfiring operations, and for construction purposes.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

74

Electrical and Electronics Trades Workers

Electrical and electronics trades workers install, fit and maintain electrical wiring systems and machinery and other electrical apparatus, electrical transmission and supply lines and cables, and electronic and telecommunications equipment and systems. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organisation, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

741

Electrical Equipment Installers and Repairers

7412

Electrical Mechanics and Fitters

Electrical mechanics and fitters fit, adjust, install and repair electrical machinery and other electrical apparatus and equipment in buildings, factories, motor vehicles, workshops, or other places.

7412.4

geothermal technician

Geothermal technicians install and maintain geothermal power plants and commercial and residential geothermal heating installations. They perform inspections, analyse problems and carry out repairs. They participate in the initial installation, testing and maintenance of geothermal equipment and ensure compliance with safety regulations.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

265

Creative and Performing Artists

2659

Creative and Performing Artists Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers all creative and performing artists not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 265: Creative and Performing Artists. For instance, the group includes clowns, magicians, acrobats and other performing artists.

2659.4

tourist animator

Tourist animators develop and organise entertainment activities for guests of a hospitality establishment. They set up and coordinate activities to entertain customers.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

263

Social and Religious Professionals

2632

Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related Professionals

Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals investigate and describe the structure, origin and evolution of societies and the interdependence between environmental conditions and human activities. They provide advice on the practical application of their findings in the formulation of economic and social policies.

2632.3

behavioural scientist

Behavioural scientists research, observe and describe human behaviour in society. They draw conclusions on the motives that stir actions in humans, observe the various circumstances for different behaviours, and describe different personalities. They advise organisations and governmental institutions on this field. They may also analyse the behaviour of animals.

en

66

Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers

Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, gather wild fruits and plants, breed, tend or hunt animals, produce a variety of animal husbandry products; cultivate, conserve and exploit forests; breed or catch fish; and cultivate or gather other forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and income for themselves and their households. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

61

Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural Workers

Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops and produce a variety of animals and animal products for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organisations or at markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

611

Market Gardeners and Crop Growers

6112

Tree and Shrub Crop Growers

Tree and shrub crop growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest trees and shrubs, such as fruit and nut trees, tea and coffee bushes, grape vines, berry-bearing bushes, cocoa trees and rubber trees, and to collect sap, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

6112.4

vineyard cellar master

Vineyard cellar masters are responsible for vineyard cellars from the entry of grapes to on-site bottling and distribution. They ensure quality at all stages, in compliance with regulations and laws.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

263

Social and Religious Professionals

2632

Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related Professionals

Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals investigate and describe the structure, origin and evolution of societies and the interdependence between environmental conditions and human activities. They provide advice on the practical application of their findings in the formulation of economic and social policies.

2632.1.1

communication scientist

Communication scientists research the different aspects of the planning, collecting, creating, organizing, preserving, using, evaluating and exchanging information through verbal or non-verbal communication. They study the interactions between groups, individuals, and individuals with technologies (robots).

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

26

Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

265

Creative and Performing Artists

2652

Musicians, Singers and Composers

Musicians, singers and composers write, arrange, conduct and perform musical compositions.

2652.1

composer

Composers create new music pieces in a variety of styles. They usually note down the created music in musical notation. Composers may work independently or as part of a group or ensemble. Many create pieces to support film, television, games or live performances.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

32

Health Associate Professionals

Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

325

Other Health Associate Professionals

3251

Dental Assistants and Therapists

Dental assistants and therapists provide basic dental care services for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of the teeth and mouth, according to care plans and procedures established by a dentist or other oral health professional.

3251.2

dental hygienist

Dental hygienists work in cleaning and polishing teeth, supra- and sub-gingival scaling of the teeth, application of prophylactic materials to the teeth, collecting data, administering comprehensive advice on oral hygiene and the care of the mouth, according to patients` needs under the supervision of dental practitioners following her/his directions.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

751

Food Processing and Related Trades Workers

7514

Fruit, Vegetable and Related Preservers

Fruit, vegetable and related preservers process or preserve fruit, nuts and related foods in various ways including cooking, drying, salting, or juice or oil extraction.

7514.1

fruit and vegetable preserver

Fruit and vegetable preservers tend machines to prepare and preserve fruit and vegetable products. They aim to keep preserved perishable foods in a stable form. Thus, they perform duties such as freezing, preserving, packing after sorting, grading, washing, peeling, trimming and slicing agricultural products.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

242

Administration Professionals

2422

Policy Administration Professionals

Policy administration professionals develop and analyse policies guiding the design, implementation and modification of government and commercial operations and programmes.

2422.12.6

fiscal affairs policy officer

Fiscal policy officers research, analyse and develop policies related to taxation and government spending in public policy sectors, and implement these policies to improve the existing regulation around the sector. They work closely with partners, external organisations or other stakeholders and provide them with regular updates.  

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

13

Production and Specialized Services Managers

Production and specialized services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

132

Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers

1324

Supply, Distribution and Related Managers

Supply, distribution and related managers plan, direct and coordinate passenger transportation systems and facilities and the supply, transportation, storage and distribution of goods, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers.

1324.3.1.2

maritime water transport general manager

Maritime water transport general managers coordinate the administrative activities that go with the management of vessels in the context of maritime water transport. They prepare vessels, check availability, liaise with clients, manage budgets, and oversee operations from an economic standpoint, following regulation for maritime operations.

en

99

Elementary Occupations

Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

92

Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers

Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops and livestock, cultivation and maintenance of gardens and parks, exploitation and conservation of forests, and conduct of aquaculture and fisheries operations. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

921

Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers

9216

Fishery and Aquaculture Labourers

Fishery and aquaculture labourers perform simple and routine tasks to cultivate, catch and harvest fish and seafood in aquaculture and inland, coastal and deep sea fishing operations.

9216.3

on foot aquatic resources collector

On foot aquatic resources collectors collect spat and seaweed, as well as shellfish or any other aquatic animal, such as crustacean and echinoderms, or vegetable resources.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

241

Finance Professionals

2412

Financial and Investment Advisers

Financial and investment advisers develop financial plans for individuals and organizations, and invest and manage funds on their behalf.

2412.6.1

corporate investment banker

Corporate investment bankers offer strategic advice on financial services to companies and other institutions. They ensure that legal regulations are being followed by their clients in their efforts of raising any capital. They provide technical expertise and information on mergers and acquisitions, bonds and shares, privatisations and reorganisation, raising capital and security underwriting, including equity and debt markets.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

23

Teaching Professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

231

University and Higher Education Teachers

2310

University and Higher Education Teachers

University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.

2310.1.27

music instructor

Music instructors educate students in specific theory and, primarily, practice-based music courses at a specialised music school or conservatory at a higher education level, including musical instruments and vocal training. They provide theoretical instruction in service of the practical skills and techniques the students must subsequently master in music. Music educators monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate their knowledge and performance of music practice through assignments, tests and examinations.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

82

Assemblers

Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to procedures strictly laid down. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the next along assembly lines. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

821

Assemblers

8212

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers assemble or modify, according to strictly laid down procedures, components of electrical, electromechanical and electronic equipment.

8212.2.1

control panel assembler

Control panel assemblers read schematic drawings to assemble control panel units for electrical equipment. They put together wiring, switches, control and measuring apparatus and cables with hand operated tools.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

13

Production and Specialized Services Managers

Production and specialized services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

134

Professional Services Managers

1346

Financial and Insurance Services Branch Managers

Financial and insurance services branch managers plan, direct, and coordinate the branches of institutions that provide financial and insurance services, such as banks, building societies, credit unions and insurance companies. They provide advice and assistance to clients on financial and insurance matters.

1346.4

insurance agency manager

Insurance agency managers coordinate and oversee the operations of an institution or a branch of an institution that offers insurance services. They provide clients with advice on insurance products.

en

11

Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required.

12

Administrative and Commercial Managers

Administrative and commercial managers plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human resource, policy, planning, research and development, advertising, public relations, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

121

Business Services and Administration Managers

1219

Business Services and Administration Managers Not Elsewhere Classified

This unit group covers business services and administration managers not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 121: Business Services and Administration Managers. For instance, the group includes occupations such as facilities manager, cleaning services manager, administrative services manager employed either as the manager of a department of a large enterprise and organization, or of an enterprise that provides such services to other enterprises and organizations.

1219.5.4

water treatment plant manager

Water treatment plant managers supervise water treatment, storage and distribution in a water plant. They ensure the plant's operations are compliant with regulation, and supervise staff. They also implement new policies, and oversee equipment maintenance.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

21

Science and Engineering Professionals

Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

212

Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians

2120

Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians

Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories and operational methods and techniques and advise on or engage in their practical application in such fields as engineering, business and social and other sciences.

2120.4

gambling quality assurance engineer

Gambling quality assurance engineers design and plan methods to test the gambling, the lottery or betting games. They execute the tests. These games can be both for public or for private audience, and the tests are for both online and land-based gaming.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

754

Other Craft and Related Workers

7543

Product Graders and Testers (excluding Foods and Beverages)

Product graders and testers (except foods and beverages) inspect, test, sort, sample and weigh raw materials, manufactured components and non-comestible goods produced or sold, to ensure compliance with quality standards and to identify defects, wear, and deviations from specifications, and to grade and classify them according to their quality.

7543.10.2

clothing quality inspector

Clothing quality inspectors inspect manufactured components and ready-made garments in order to classify them according to their quality by ensuring compliance with quality standards and identifying defects or deviations from specifications. They inspect and test products, parts and materials for conformity with specifications and standards. They ensure all work produced meets or exceeds the department's quality standards.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

71

Building and Related Trades Workers (excluding Electricians)

Building and related trades workers construct, maintain and repair buildings, erect and repair foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; shape and finish stone for building and other purposes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

712

Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers

7126

Plumbers and Pipe Fitters

Plumbers and pipe fitters assemble, install, repair and maintain pipe systems, drains, gutters, ducts and related fittings and fixtures for water, gas, drainage, sewerage, heating cooling and ventilation systems, and for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.

7126.11

sewer construction worker

Sewer construction workers install sewer pipes to transport wastewater out of structures and to a body of water or treatment facility. They dig trenches and insert the pipes, making sure they have the correct angle and are connected watertight. Sewer construction workers also construct other elements of sewage infrastructure, such as manholes, and maintain and repair existing systems.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

81

Stationary Plant and Machine Operators

Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

817

Wood Processing and Papermaking Plant Operators

8172

Wood Processing Plant Operators

Wood processing plant operators monitor, operate, and control lumber mill equipment for sawing timber logs into rough lumber, cutting veneer, making plywood and particle board, and otherwise preparing wood for further use.

8172.5

sawmill operator

Sawmill operators work with automated lumber mill equipment which saws timber into rough lumber. They also handle various sawing machines which further process the lumber in various shapes and sizes. These processes are nowadays often computer controlled.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

21

Science and Engineering Professionals

Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

212

Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians

2120

Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians

Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories and operational methods and techniques and advise on or engage in their practical application in such fields as engineering, business and social and other sciences.

2120.5

mathematician

Mathematicians study and deepen existing mathematical theories in order to expand the knowledge and find new paradigms within the field. They can apply this knowledge to challenges presented in engineering and scientific projects in order to assure that measurements, quantities, and mathematic laws prove their viability.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

312

Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors

3122

Manufacturing Supervisors

Manufacturing supervisors coordinate and supervise the activities of process control technicians, machine operators, assemblers and other manufacturing labourers.

3122.4.4

electrical equipment production supervisor

Electrical equipment production supervisors coordinate, plan and direct the production process of electrical equipment. They manage labourers working on the production line, oversee the quality of the assembled goods, and perform cost and resource management.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

75

Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers

Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

753

Garment and Related Trades Workers

7531

Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Hatters

Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters fabricate, fit, alter and repair tailored or hand-made clothing. They produce made-to-measure clothing such as suits, overcoats and dresses from textile fabrics, light leather, fur and other material, or make hats or wigs according to customer’s and clothing manufacturer’s specifications.

7531.3

hide grader

Hide graders sort hides, skins, wet blue, and crust depending on the natural characteristics, category, weight and also magnitude, location, number and type of defects. They compare the batch to specifications, provide an attribution of grade and are in charge of trimming.

en

44

Clerical Support Workers

Clerical support workers record, organise, store, compute and retrieve information, and perform a number of clerical duties in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

43

Numerical and Material Recording Clerks

Numerical and material recording clerks obtain, compile and compute accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, financial, and other numerical data, and take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters. Some occupations classified here keep records of goods produced, purchased, stocked, dispatched, and of materials needed at specified production dates, or keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and freight transport. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

431

Numerical Clerks

4312

Statistical, Finance and Insurance Clerks

Statistical, finance and insurance clerks obtain, compile and compute statistical or actuarial data or perform clerical tasks relating to the transactions of insurance establishments, banks and other financial establishments.

4312.2

back office specialist

Back office specialists perform operations of administrative and organisational nature in a financial company, in support of the front office. They process administration, take care of financial transactions, manage data and company documents and perform supportive tasks and other diverse back office operations in coordination with other parts of the company.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

21

Science and Engineering Professionals

Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

216

Architects, Planners, Surveyors and Designers

2161

Building Architects

Building architects design commercial, industrial, institutional, residential and recreational buildings and plan and monitor their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation.

2161.1.1

interior architect

Interior architects create plans of the interior of a home, building or other structure. They determine the specifications and distribution of the space. Interior architects combine an understanding of space with a sense for aesthetics in order to create a harmonious interior design. They draw architectural drawings using computer-aided equipment and software, or using conventional methods like paper and pen.

en

55

Services And Sales Workers

Service and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, or protection against fire and unlawful acts, or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

53

Personal Care Workers

Personal care workers provide care, supervision and assistance for children, patients and elderly, convalescent or disabled persons in institutional and residential settings. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

531

Child Care Workers and Teachers’ Aides

5311

Child Care Workers

Child care workers provide care and supervision for children in residential homes and in before-school, after-school, vacation and day care centres.

5311.1.2

babysitter

Babysitters provide short-term care services to children on the premises of the employer, depending on the employer's needs. They organise play activities and entertain children with games and other cultural and educative activities according to their respective age, prepare meals, give them bathes, transport them from and to school and assist them with homework on a punctual basis.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

31

Science and Engineering Associate Professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

311

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians

3117

Mining and Metallurgical Technicians

Mining and metallurgical technicians perform technical tasks to assist in research and experiments related to metallurgy, in improving methods of extracting solid minerals, oil and gas, and in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of mines and mine installations, of systems for transporting and storing oil and natural gas, and for extraction of metals from ores.

3117.4

mine safety officer

Mine safety officers oversee health and safety systems at mining operations. They report workplace accidents, compile accident statistics, estimate risks to employee safety and health, and suggest solutions or new measurements and techniques.

en

33

Technicians and Associate Professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

34

Legal, Social, Cultural and Related Associate Professionals

Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to legal services, social work, culture, food preparation, sport and religion. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level.

343

Artistic, Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals

3435

Other Artistic and Cultural Associate Professionals

This unit group covers artistic and cultural associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 343: Artistic, Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals. For instance, those who assist directors or actors with staging of theatrical, motion picture, television or commercial productions are classified here.

3435.25

theatre technician

Theatre technicians execute all technical tasks to support live performances. They build and break down stages and decors, install and operate sound, light, recording and video equipment and organise the transport of decors and technical equipment for performances on displacement.

en

22

Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

24

Business and Administration Professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas; and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

242

Administration Professionals

2422

Policy Administration Professionals

Policy administration professionals develop and analyse policies guiding the design, implementation and modification of government and commercial operations and programmes.

2422.12

policy officer

Policy officers research, analyse and develop policies in various public sectors, and shape and implement these policies to improve the existing regulation around the sector. They evaluate effects of existing policies and report findings to the government and members of the public. Policy officers work closely with partners, external organisations or other stakeholders and provide them with regular updates.

en

88

Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations.

83

Drivers and Mobile Plant Operators

Drivers and mobile plant operators drive and tend trains and motor vehicles, or drive, operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment, or execute deck duties on board ship and other water-borne craft. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level.

835

Ships’ Deck Crews and Related Workers

8350

Ships’ Deck Crews and Related Workers

Ship’s deck crews and related workers carry out deck duties on board ships and similar duties on board other water-borne craft.

8350.3

engine minder

Engine minders perform work related to the deck department of an inland water transport vessel. They use their experience on-board a motorised inland navigation vessel as an ordinary crewmember and have a basic knowledge of engines.

en

77

Craft and Related Trades Workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

72

Metal, Machinery and Related Trades Workers

Metal, machinery and related trades workers cast, weld, forge and, by other methods, form metal; erect, maintain and repair heavy metal structures; engage in machine-tool setting as well as in fitting, maintaining and repairing machinery, including engines, vehicles, or they produce tools and various non-precious-metal articles. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organisation, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.